Academic literature on the topic 'Average-Case Reconstruction'
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Journal articles on the topic "Average-Case Reconstruction"
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Hirata, Yuki, Hirofumi Kawakubo, Shuhei Mayanagi, Kazumasa Fukuda, Rieko Nakamura, Koichi Suda, Norihito Wada, and Yuko Kitagawa. "PS01.174: AN EXAMINATION OF OUTCOMES AFTER ANTE-THORACIC ROUTE WITH RIGHT HEMICOLON RECONSTRUCTION AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY." Diseases of the Esophagus 31, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/doy089.ps01.174.
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Abstract Background In our institute, we usually use gastric tube for reconstruction organ after esophagectomy. When we can’t use gastric tube, we use right hemi-colon with ante-thoracic route. Previously, we reconstructed by 1-step after esophagectomy, but from 2012, we have done by 2-step for reduce postoperative complications. Methods We enrolled 15 esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy and right hemicolon reconstruction between April 2004 and December 2016. Results The average age of 15 patients is 67.3. The reasons of using right hemicolon are as follows; post gastrectomy 13, stomach double cancer 2. The reasons of gastrectomy are as follows; gastric cancer 8, duodenum cancer 1, gastric ulcer 4. The average duration from gastrectomy to esophagectomy is 12.5 year. We reconstructed by 1-step for 5 patients, and after 2012, we reconstructed by 2-step for 10 patients. Anastomotic leakages were found in 2 cases (40.0%) in 1-step reconstruction group, and 3 cases (20.0%) in 2-step reconstruction group. In 1-step reconstruction group, 1 case occurred multiple anastomotic leakages and DIC, and another 1 case was found necrosis of reconstructive colon. In 2-step reconstruction group, we found 1 case of major leakage and 1 case of recurrent nerve paralysis and 2 cases of postoperative pneumonia. However, there were no case of tracheotomy. The incidence of pneumonia did not differ between the two groups. And the term of postoperative oral intake tend to shorter in 2-step reconstruction group (P = 0.06). 2 severe postoperative complications (Clavian-Dindo V or IVa) cases were found in 1-step reconstruction group, on the other hand, 2 cases severe complications (CD IIIa) in 2-step reconstruction group. Conclusion In the case of using right hemicolon as a reconstructive organ, 2-step reconstruction approach is useful and superior from the viewpoints of postoperative complications. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
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Kayal, Neeraj, Vineet Nair, and Chandan Saha. "Average-case linear matrix factorization and reconstruction of low width algebraic branching programs." computational complexity 28, no. 4 (July 18, 2019): 749–828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00037-019-00189-0.
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Buta, Martin, Matthew DePamphilis, Branko Bojovic, and Daniel N. Driscoll. "88 Pediatric Postburn Ear Reconstruction of Significant Cartilage Defects." Journal of Burn Care & Research 43, Supplement_1 (March 23, 2022): S58—S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irac012.091.
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Abstract Introduction The ear is a protruding appendage with multiple functional and aesthetic implications. Literature indicates that up to 40-60% of facial burns involve the ear. Ear burns with considerable tissue loss and sensory deficits can negatively impact quality of life, psychosocial functioning, and physical health. Successful ear reconstruction mitigates these undesirable outcomes. The complex architecture of the external ear presents a formidable surgical challenge after burn injury, when scar tissue, impaired blood supply, and trauma to cartilage all influence reconstructive options. A lack of materials that truly replicate the characteristics of uninjured elastic cartilage also presents a longstanding surgical dilemma. In this retrospective study, the authors highlight the utility of reconstructive techniques to address significant cartilage deficits, including conchal transposition flap, composite graft, costal cartilage graft, and porous polyethylene implant. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on patients aged 0 to 21 years who underwent cartilage framework reconstruction between January 2004 to January 2021 at a specialized pediatric burn center. Medical records from the hospital’s patient database were screened, and 52 patients (60 ears) who met study criteria were identified. Patient demographics, procedural characteristics, and patient outcomes were analyzed. Results For helical rim cartilage defects, 20 patients (23 ears) with an average age of 15 ± 4 years underwent a conchal transposition flap, which was associated with no major complications. In cases involving repair of small to medium cartilage deficits, 9 patients (9 ears) with an average age of 13 ± 5 years underwent a composite graft, which was associated with one case of infection. A total of 20 patients (23 ears) with an average age of 13 ± 6 years underwent porous polyethylene implantation, which was associated with two cases of exposure and one case of infection. Of these porous polyethylene cases, 20 ears involved helical rim reconstruction and 3 involved total ear reconstruction. Costal cartilage grafting was performed in 4 patients (5 ears) with an average age of 13 ± 5 years and was associated with one case of infection. Costal cartilage grafting was utilized to reconstruct 2 helical rims and 3 total ears. Conclusions In cases of focal cartilage defects or medium-sized helical rim cartilage loss, highly aesthetic results and minimal complication rates can be achieved with composite graft or conchal transposition flap. When presented with large to total helical rim loss or total ear loss, either costal cartilage graft or porous polyethylene implantation is typically necessary.
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Adil, Dehhaze, Taybi Otmane, Diher Issam, Daghouri Nada-Imane, Labbaci Rim, Echmilimouad a, Tazi Hanae, and Tita Sara. "LIP CANCER: DEFECT RECONSTRUCTION CHALLENGE (A REVIEW OF 6 CASE)." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 07 (July 31, 2022): 324–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15037.
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Lip cancer is a frequent tumor of the head and neck region. Surgery is the treatment of choice for most of these cancers. Although there are several strategies to reconstruct lip tumors after tumor ablation this reconstruction is a challenge for the plastic surgeon. A retrospective review of the patients treated for lip cancer in the plastic reconstructive and esthetic Surgery Department of CHU TTA (Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima), from march 2021 to June 2022. Only patients with histological confirmation of lip cancer were included. All the cases were evaluated for demographic features, tumor characteristics, and lip reconstructive surgery used. There were 4 male and 2 female patients. (4:2 ratio). with an average age of 57 years. the lower lip was the most frequently affected (83%), Most tumors were squamous cell carcinomas in 4 cases (83 %) a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in 1 case (17%), and were located in the lower lip in 4 cases (83 %). Neck dissection was performed in 3 cases (50. Different surgical techniques were used for lip reconstruction after tumor ablation: a V-shaped wedge excision and direct repair was performed in 1 case (17 %) W-shaped wedge excision in 1 case (17%) V-shaped wedge in the upper lip associated with w shaped wedge in the lower lip in one 1 patient (17%) and karapandzic flap is performed for 3 patients (50 %).The most significant aspect of lip cancer surgery is tumor ablation, and that is not affected by the subsequent reconstructive strategy. Careful preoperative assessment and planning will allow the surgeon to reach an acceptable balance between form and function with the reconstruction.
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Bassiony, Ayman Abdelaziz. "Giant Cell Tumour of the Distal Radius: Wide Resection and Reconstruction by Non-vascularised Proximal Fibular Autograft." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 38, no. 10 (October 15, 2009): 900–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v38n10p900.
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Introduction: Giant cell tumours of the bone are aggressive and potentially malignant le-sions. Juxtaarticular giant cell tumours of the lower end radius are common and present a special problem of reconstruction after tumour excision. Out of the various reconstructive procedures described, non-vascularised fibular autograft has been widely used with satisfactory functional results. Materials and Methods: Ten patients with a mean age of 33.4 years, with either Campanacci grade II or III histologically proven giant cell tumours of lower end radius were treated with wide excision and reconstruction with ipsilateral non-vascularised proximal fibular autograft. Host graft junction was fixed with dynamic compression plate (DCP) in all cases. Wrist ligament reconstruction and fixation of the head of the fibula with carpal bones and distal end of the ulna using K-wires and primary cancellous iliac crest grafting at graft host junction was done in all cases. Results: The follow-up ranged from 30 to 60 months (mean, 46.8). At last follow-up, the average combined range of motion was 100.5° with range varying from 60° to 125°. The average union time was 7 months (range, 4 to 12). Non-union occurred in 1 case. Graft resorption occurred in another case. Localised soft tissue recurrence occurred in another case after 3 years and was treated by excision. There was no case of graft fracture, metastasis, death, local recurrence or significant donor site morbidity. A total of 3 secondary procedures were required. Conclusions: Enbloc resection of giant cell tumours of the lower end radius is a widely accepted method. Reconstruction with non-vascularised fibular graft, internal fixation with DCP with primary corticocancellous bone grafting with transfixation of the fibular head and wrist ligament reconstruction minimises the problem and gives satisfac-tory functional results.
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Andhika Pramana, IGN Bagus, and IGN Wien Aryana. "Arthrofibrosis Following ACL Reconstruction: Case Report." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 3 (March 5, 2022): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220321.
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Introduction: Arthrofibrosis is a debilitating complication of loss of motion after ACL reconstruction following ACL injury with a reported incidence of 2% to 35%. Delayed ACL reconstruction has been the chosen management based on the suggestion from some studies of the risk reduction in developing arthrofibrosis and decreased range of motion (ROM) postoperatively. Case Presentation: A 51-year-old female presented with complaints of pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion following a knee ligament reconstructive arthroscopy of her right knee. After unsuccessful rehabilitative management, the patient underwent additional surgical repairs. Following the surgery, a fibrous thick scar tissue located at the suprapatellar pouch and mainly over the medial and lateral gutter was observed, in which an adhesiolysis was performed during the arthroscopic procedure. Passive range of motion of the affected knee was checked intra-operatively, showing the knee to be able to fully extend and flexed passively comparable to non affected knee. An intensive physiotherapy and continuous passive motion was begun immediately post-operatively. A 33-year-old male sustained an isolated complete tear of the left knee anterior cruciate ligament. An arthroscopy ACL single bundle reconstruction surgery with patellar tendon bone graft was done four weeks after the injury. Intraoperative was uneventful. Each end of graft was stitched together with a high strength of non-absorbable suture. Graft fixations used bio absorbable screws and loaded with extracortical buttons. After post operation, patient was observed to be able to perform full active knee extension. The patient was very compliant to rehabilitation program and also performed the exercises at home. However, on clinic follow-up, the patient started to gradually loss his active full extension and on subsequent visit further affected his passive full extension (10 degrees extension lag) at 4 months post operation. Regional examination showed diffused firm swelling over the anteromedial aspect of the knee just above the medial joint line that was very tender. An intensive physiotherapy and continuous passive motion were begun immediately post operatively. Result: In the first patient, the functional outcome score showed improvement at the time of final follow-up, as well as the average pain scores. This case report emphasized on the importance of early recognition as well as assessment by the orthopaedic practitioners of arthrofibrosis as a complication of ACL reconstructive surgery is the key point in reducing the long-term morbidity caused by the condition in patients unable to regain flexibility at the expected rate after injury or surgical treatment. Rehabilitation protocols should mainly stress on early motion, rapid return of quadriceps function and excursion, and patella mobilization. The second patient, functional outcome was measured with KSS to assess pain and function after arthroscopy. The functional outcome score showed improvement from 68 points pre-operatively to 86 at the time of final follow-up. The average pain scores improved as well from 30 points pre-operatively to 41 at the time of final follow-up. Conclusion: Arthrofibrosis following ACL reconstruction represents a broad continuum of abnormalities, and hence a thorough understanding of the condition and a comprehensive approach to its management is of importance to achieve a functional result. Key words: Arthrofibrosis, Loss of motion, ACL Reconstruction, Arthroscopy.
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Danardono, Edwin. "Case Report: POST ESOPHAGECTOMY ESOPHAGEAL RECONSTRUCTION IN ESOPHAGEAL INJURY DUE TO CAUSTIC MATERIALS." Folia Medica Indonesiana 53, no. 4 (December 28, 2017): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v53i4.7163.
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The esophageal caustic injury is rare, but it requires precise and complex management. A variety of reconstruction techniques have been done, but despite the increasing volume, the incidence of complications is still relatively high. We reported the experience in our center in handling esophageal reconstruction in patients with caustic esophageal injury that caused oesophageal stricture between 2014-2017. This study used case series method with literature review. The results showed that between 2014-2017, there were 3 patients with caustic esophageal injury. All patients undergoing esophageal reconstruction surgery were included under conditions of malnutrition. Two were caused by HCl and the rest by NaOH. All patients underwent a resection of stricture segment of the esophagus, either using partial or total esophagectomy. Anastomosis leakage occurred in all cases, but improved with conservative treatment. The average length of hospitalization was 27 days. The intraoperative blood loss in patients ranged from 450-700 cc. In conclusion, proper preliminary management can provide approppiate preparation of the patients for definitive or reconstructive surgery, especially to avoid malnutrition. The ideal reconstruction still could not be established, and the rate of postoperative complications was still high. The length of patient hospitalization was also relatively long.
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Zehir, Sinan, Nurzat Elmalı, Murat Çalbıyık, Zeki Taşdemir, and Fevzi Sağlam. "Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Single-Bundle Achilles Allograft with Open Tibial Inlay Fixation." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 11_suppl3 (November 1, 2014): 2325967114S0020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114s00209.
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Objectives: PCL reconstruction research has shown that the tibial inlay and transtibial tunnel procedures offer similar biomechanical results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the early results of PCL reconstruction using a single-bundle Achilles allograft and tibial inlay fixation. Methods: We retrospectively studied 14 patients who had undergone PCL reconstruction using the direct tibial inlay fixation technique from 2009 to 2013, with a mean follow-up of 13.4 months. (6-28 months). The patients were 11males and 3 females with an average age of 29.2 years (17-41 years). Ipsilateral femoral shaft fractures were determined in 2 cases, ipsilateral trochanteric fracture in 1 case and popliteal artery injury in 1 case. Surgery was performed within 2-4 weeks. Spanning-joint external fixation was applied to 2 patients because of gross instability with failure to maintain reduction in a brace. Combined reconstructions involving the posterolateral corner (9/14), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL (11/14)), or medial collateral ligament (MCL (1/14)) were performed. All PCL reconstructions were performed with Achilles allograft. In 1 case with arterial injury, the repair was made by a cardiovascular surgeon. In 2 case, deep infection developed, which was controlled with debridement and antibiotic treatment. Superficial peroneal nerve injury in 1 case was treated with tenolysis in the 6th month, then partial healing was seen at 18 months. In all patients, the preoperative posterior drawer (PD) examination was positive. All patients were evaluated with preoperative and postoperative examination and x-rays. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) evaluation was applied to all patients at the final follow-up. Results: Postoperative PD examination demonstrated the following: 0 (normal) in 4 patients, 1+ in 7 patients, and 2+ in 3 patients, compared to the preoperative PD of 3+ or greater in all patients. Preoperative IKDC objective evaluation rated all knees as severely abnormal based on instability. The final follow-up objective IKDC evaluation distribution was as follows: A, 4 knees; B, 6 knees; C, 3 knees and D, 1 knee, compared to D in all 14 knees preoperatively. The average final follow-up IKDC subjective score was 74.1 (20-100). Conclusion: Despite transtibial PCL reconstruction being advocated by several authors, it has technical difficulties of the arthroscopic approach to the posterior compartment of the knee. In the open inlay technique, posterior arthrotomy allows accurate placement of the tibial PCL insertion, avoiding the killer curve and more closely duplicating the normal PCL anatomy. Based on our initial experience with this technique at early follow-up, we continue to use the tibial inlay technique as our preferred technique for isolated or combined reconstruction of the PCL.
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Goon, Patrick K. Y., Shirley D. Stougie, Kalpesh R. Vaghela, and J. Henk Coert. "Reconstruction of Distal Radius Osteochondral Defects Using Metatarsal Autografts: a Multi-case Series." Revista Iberoamericana de Cirugía de la Mano 47, no. 01 (May 2019): 003–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688972.
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Objective Delayed reconstruction of the articular surface of the distal radius after trauma is a difficult problem for hand surgeons, and the common solution is usually partial or total wrist fusion, relieving pain but sacrificing motion. A relative novel reconstructive technique addresses the problem with a free microvascular osteochondral flap, using the 3rd metatarsal (3MT) bone. We investigate the possibility of using the same donor as a graft rather than a free flap. Methods This was a prospective clinical study of patients with isolated lunate facet damage following trauma who underwent surgery to remove the damaged articular surface and in whom the defect was reconstructed with an osteochondral graft from the base of the 3MT. All of the patients were followed-up at specific time intervals, with pre- and postoutcome measures taken, including pain, grip strength, range of motion (ROM), and postoperative radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans to evaluate graft resorption and union. Only patients with isolated distal radius defects were included. Results The average follow-up period was of 51 months (range: 14–73 months). The results of 7 patients included an average improvement of the pain score in the visual analogue scale (VAS) by 3 points, with an average arc of motion of 135°. In all, there was radiographic evidence of full incorporation of the graft, with no resorption. Donor site morbidity was minimal. Conclusions The current gold standard for distal radius articular surface reconstruction remains a free 3MT osteochondral flap. However, our results using the base of the 3MT as a graft shows promise, and if further follow-up confirms comparable results to the free flap technique, this would mean an easier and equally robust reconstruction without complicated microsurgery. Level of Evidence Therapeutic, Level V case series.
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Goebel, Joel A., and Abraham Jacob. "Use of Mimix hydroxyapatite bone cement for difficult ossicular reconstruction." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 132, no. 5 (May 2005): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2005.01.023.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe the advantages of using MimixTM hydroxyapatite (HA) bone cement in reconstructing a variety of ossicular chain abnormalities. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Case series at a tertiary medical center. RESULTS: Twenty-five cases of HA reconstruction are included in this series (ages 23-74; mean, 47 years). The examples presented include (1) HA as the sole reconstructive material for incus erosion, (2) HA for securing a total or partial ossicular replacement prosthesis, (3) incus augmentation after crimping for revision stapedotomy with incus erosion, (4) HA in primary stapedotomy to fix the crimped prosthesis to an intact incus, and (5) other unique situations. Preoperative and postoperative audiograms were evaluated for 4-tone pure tone average (PTA), speech reception thresholds, word recognition scores, and air-bone gaps (AB gaps). Mean follow-up was 11 months (range 2 to 22 months). The mean PTA improved from 57 dB to 37 dB, whereas the mean AB gaps decreased from 33 dB to 16 dB. There were no cases of infection or extrusion. CONCLUSIONS: Hydroxyapatite bone cement is an excellent adjunct or alternative to ossiculoplasty with preformed prostheses. Easily malleable, rapidly setting, and rapidly hardening, Mimix is particularly well suited for middle ear work. SIGNIFICANCE: Definitive fixation with bone cements during difficult ossicular chain reconstruction may ensure a more enduring successful outcome. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005; 132:727-34.)
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Average-Case Reconstruction"
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Nair, Vineet. "On Learning and Lower Bound Problems Related to the Iterated Matrix Multiplication Polynomial." Thesis, 2020. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4597.
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The iterated matrix multiplication polynomial (IMM) of width w and length d is the 1x1 entry in the product of d square matrices of size w. The w^2d entries in the d matrices are distinct variables. In this thesis, we study certain learning and lower bound problems related to IMM.
Our first work gives a polynomial time randomized algorithm for equivalence testing of IMM. At its core, the equivalence testing algorithm exploits a connection between the irreducible invariant subspaces of the Lie algebra of the group of symmetries of a polynomial f that is equivalent to IMM and the layer spaces of a full-rank algebraic branching program computing f. This connection also helps determine the group of symmetries of IMM and show that IMM is characterized by its group of symmetries.
Our second work is related to learning affine projections of IMM, which is believed to be a very hard problem as it is equivalent to reconstructing a powerful model to compute polynomials called algebraic branching programs (ABP). Equivalence test for IMM can be viewed as reconstructing ABPs in the average-case, when the width of the ABP is at most (n/d)^0.5, where n and d are the number of variables and the degree of the polynomial computed by the ABP respectively. Our second work improves this by first considering a related problem called `linear matrix factorization’ (LMF) which is a natural generalization of the polynomial factorization problem. We give a polynomial time randomized algorithm for average-case LMF for matrix products of width at most 0.5(n^0.5). In fact, we give a polynomial time randomized algorithm that solves (worst-case) LMF problem when the input matrix product is non-degenerate or pure product-- a notion we define in this work. Using our algorithm for LMF, we give a non-trivial average-case reconstruction algorithm for ABPs of width at most 0.5(n^0.5), which is interesting in the context of the Ω(n^0.5) width lower bound known for homogeneous ABPs.
Our last work gives lower bounds on interesting restrictions of arithmetic formulas computing IMM. We prove a w^Ω(d) lower bound on the size of multilinear depth three formulas computing IMM of width w and length d. The lower bound is proved by introducing a novel variant of the partial derivatives measure called skewed partial derivatives, which found applications in other subsequent works. Improving this result to w^Ω(log d) size lower bound on multilinear formulas computing IMM would imply a super-polynomial separation between ABPs and arithmetic formulas. We also show an exponential separation between multilinear depth three and multilinear depth four formulas which was an improvement over the quasi-polynomial separation already known. We also consider a restriction of multilinear formulas, called interval set-multilinear formulas computing IMM. Proving a super-polynomial size lower bound on interval set-multilinear formulas computing IMM would imply a super-polynomial separation between algebraic branching programs and homogeneous formulas in the non-commutative world. We make progress in this direction by giving a super-polynomial size lower bound on an interesting restriction of the interval set-multilinear formula computing IMM.
Books on the topic "Average-Case Reconstruction"
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Darity, William A. Jr, and A. Kirsten Mullen. From Here to Equality. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469654973.001.0001.
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Racism and discrimination have choked economic opportunity for African Americans at nearly every turn. At several historic moments, the trajectory of racial inequality could have been altered dramatically. Perhaps no moment was more opportune than the early days of Reconstruction, when the U.S. government temporarily implemented a major redistribution of land from former slaveholders to the newly emancipated enslaved. But neither Reconstruction nor the New Deal nor the civil rights struggle led to an economically just and fair nation. Today, systematic inequality persists in the form of housing discrimination, unequal education, police brutality, mass incarceration, employment discrimination, and massive wealth and opportunity gaps. Economic data indicates that for every dollar the average white household holds in wealth the average black household possesses a mere ten cents. In From Here to Equality, William Darity Jr. and A. Kirsten Mullen confront these injustices head-on and make the most comprehensive case to date for economic reparations for U.S. descendants of slavery. After opening the book with a stark assessment of the intergenerational effects of white supremacy on black economic well-being, Darity and Mullen look to both the past and the present to measure the inequalities borne of slavery. Using innovative methods that link monetary values to historical wrongs, they next assess the literal and figurative costs of justice denied in the 155 years since the end of the Civil War. Finally, Darity and Mullen offer a detailed roadmap for an effective reparations program, including a substantial payment to each documented U.S. black descendant of slavery. Taken individually, any one of the three eras of injustice outlined by Darity and Mullen--slavery, Jim Crow, and modern-day discrimination--makes a powerful case for black reparations. Taken collectively, they are impossible to ignore.
Book chapters on the topic "Average-Case Reconstruction"
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Chen, Xi, Anindya De, Chin Ho Lee, Rocco A. Servedio, and Sandip Sinha. "Near-Optimal Average-Case Approximate Trace Reconstruction from Few Traces." In Proceedings of the 2022 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA), 779–821. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611977073.34.
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Cecchini, Isabella. "Patterns of Consumption in Renaissance Venice." In Printing R-Evolution and Society 1450-1500. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-332-8/016.
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Reconstructing prices and price indexes for pre-industrial societies is always a challenge for researchers. Despite the fact that several account books have been preserved and may offer purchase and sale prices of a wide range of goods, the definition of a consumer basket – a set of different quantities of goods forming the basic consumption unit for an average individual or family – faces several difficulties. Average consumption is difficult to establish even in pre-industrial times, since buying activities vary of course not only according to wealth and income, but also to social class; and it is usually difficult to record and weigh self-consumption. It seems more important to offer some parameters from a single case study, the ledger of a Venetian patrician recording his purchases on a daily basis, in a couple of months in 1455.
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Danyang, Qin, Ma Lin, Sha Xuejun, and Xu Yubin. "Realization of Route Reconstructing Scheme for Mobile Ad hoc Network." In Innovations in Mobile Multimedia Communications and Applications, 62–79. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-563-6.ch005.
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Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a centerless packet radio network without fixed infrastructure. In recent years tremendous attentions have been received because of capabilities of self-configuration and self-maintenance. However, attenuation and interference caused by node mobility and wireless channels sharing weaken the stability of communication links especially in ubiquitous MANET. A mathematical exploring model for next-hop node has been established. The negative impact of wireless routes discontinuity on pervasive communication is alleviated by a novel route reconstructed scheme proposed in this paper based on restricting the route requirement zone into a pie slice region on intermediate nodes according the solution of the exploring equation. The scheme is an effective approach to increase survivability and reduce average end-to-end delay during route maintenance as well as allowing continuous packet forwarding for fault resilience so as to support mobile multimedia communication. The ns-2 based simulation results show remarkable packets successful delivery rate and end-to-end delay improvements of source-initiated routing protocol with route reconstructing scheme, and especially in the case of high dynamic environments with heavy traffic loads, more robust and scalable performance will be obtained.
Conference papers on the topic "Average-Case Reconstruction"
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Peres, Yuval, and Alex Zhai. "Average-Case Reconstruction for the Deletion Channel: Subpolynomially Many Traces Suffice." In 2017 IEEE 58th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/focs.2017.29.
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Xie, Xingwen, Jiejin Cai, and Zhihong Tang. "The Reconstruction of 3d Radiation Field Based on Sparse Measurement Data." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92608.
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Abstract With the development of nuclear technology, more and more occupational workers work in radioactive environments. The three-dimensional (3D) dose rate field is of great significance in the radiation protection field. Many researchers focus on the reconstruction of 2D radiation fields but few of them paid attention to the reconstruction of the 3D radiation field based on sparse measurement data. In this work, an interpolation method is introduced to reconstruct 3D radiation field using sparse sampling nodes. The proposed method includes interpolation on sampling grid lines, interpolation on sampling grid plane and interpolation in the three-dimensional space. Additionally, two simulation cases are conducted in MATLAB to prove the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. Case1 and Case 2 are 3D radiation fields with a single radioactive source and two radioactive sources respectively. The reconstruction radiation field is compared to the dose rate field simulated by the Monte Carlo method. By using less than 1% of measurement data, the proposed method precisely reconstructs radiation fields with an average relative error of 0.82% and 1.71% respectively. What’s more, the accuracy of the proposed method was studied at different sampling node ratios. As the ratio of sampling nodes decreases, the average error and maximum of the relative error increase obviously. The proposed method is an interpolation method suitable for the radiation field and it can reconstruct the 3D radiation field accurately with sparse data.
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Kalintsev, Alexander G., Alexander B. Konovalov, Olga V. Kravtsenyuk, Igor I. Kutuzov, Oleg V. Lyamtsev, Vladimir V. Lyubimov, Alexander G. Murzin, and Leonid N. Soms. "Use of backprojection algorithms of filtered shadows for optical tomography of strongly scattering media." In European Conference on Biomedical Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ecbo.2001.4431_266.
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The applicability of backprojection algorithms of filtered shadows that have been earlier developed for computer tomography is shown for the case of optical tomography of strongly scattering media. This opportunity is based on the presence of a long rectilinear part in the approximation of the statistical Photon Average Trajectories of photons propagating through the scattering medium. The results of numerical experiments showed that the quality of reconstruction using filtered backprojection algorithms do not surrender to that for multi-iterative algorithms, at much shorter reconstruction time.
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Tosco, Cristiano, Niccolò Suraci, Gianluca Loffredo, and Federica Recla. "After the earthquake. Design processes for intervention on vernacular heritage in Central Italy." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15152.
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Every day, in Italy, an average of 45 seismic events is recorded (INGV 2020 data) and their impact on the built environment is intense and continuous. The most notable cases are only the tip of a widespread and systematic iceberg, especially in the Central Apennines Mountain range. The opportunity to operate on ancient and disrupted buildings, to observe materially mural stratigraphies, to interpret disconnected or hinted geometries represents the field of action of know-how that fluctuates between technological specialism and the transmission of ancient tacit knowledge, which is more evident in the vernacular heritage. Concepts like conservation, restoration and reconstruction have become crucial in the deep debate and rule formulation, in the context of the “Extraordinary Commissariat for Earthquake Reconstruction 2016”. The contribution intends to investigate and describe the main features of these design procedures, focusing on the results, the perspective, dynamics, and objectives through which the reconstruction is taking place. More in detail, the paper suggests two case studies to examine the application of these ongoing procedures in relation to the enhancement and conservation of vernacular heritage in the Marche region. The two case studies are the village of Gabbiano (a small rural fabric close to Pieve Torina, Macerata) and the Shrine of Macereto (a monumental, isolated complex in Visso, Macerata). The differences in size, type and original use between the case studies offers the opportunity to compare two different interventions for either a complete reconstruction or a conservative restoration. The scope of the study is to explore the “rules of reconstruction” - applied to vernacular heritage sites - by observing how the projects and the proposed techniques represent an interpretation of the national legal framework built around the post-earthquake territories.
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Guan, Fengjiao, Aditya Belwadi, Xu Han, and King H. Yang. "Application of Optimization Methodology on Vehicular Crash Reconstruction." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12810.
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In vehicular crash reconstruction, software packages such as PC-Crash, SMAC (Simulation Model of Automobile Collisions), WinSmash and HVE (Human Vehicle Environment) use physical evidences such as tire marks along with measurements of the deformed vehicles and photographs of the accident scene to determine the crash energy, impact velocity, and Principal Direction Of Force (PDOF). However, accurate determination of these parameters requires more sophisticated numerical methods, such as Finite Element (FE) modeling. At present, multiple runs of FE models need to be performed on a trial-and-error basis before the model predicted results are consistent with the actual ones. An optimization method to quickly and accurately determine key sensitive parameters in vehicular accident reconstruction is desired. We propose the use of Kriging model and sequential quadratic programming in conjunction with Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) to minimize the time needed for reconstruction and minimize the disparity between the actual and FE model predicted vehicular deformations. A selected number of modeling parameters, namely the velocity of impact, PDOF and initial impact position, are varied using this optimization approach until the deformation of six points measured on the impacted vehicle closely matches those measured in real world case. The optimization is performed in two stages. In the first stage, an approximated model was created by simplifying detailed FE models of the vehicles involved to reduce the simulation time without sacrificing accuracy. In the second stage, an assessment index ‘E’, the objective function, is maximized. To improve computational efficiency, the Kriging model is employed. The sampling points are distributed uniformly over the entire design space using the LHS. For evaluating the approximated model’s performance, the regression parameter is used as the error indicator. The objective functions based on approximated models are optimized using a sequential quadratic programming which has a higher efficiency and better convergence. Results show that through the application of this method, the deformations of the key points are in accord to the measured deformation within a small window of variability. The average difference between the deformation measured from the actual crash and that calculated from FE simulation using the optimum parameters as inputs is around 31 mm. The difference in the assessment index calculated from FE simulation with optimal assessment parameters and that from the Kriging model is only 1%. The proposed optimization methodology is a good tool to promptly reveal key parameters in a crash while simultaneously providing scientific basis for crash reconstruction.
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Takara, Lucas de Azevedo, Viviana Cocco Mariani, and Leandro dos Santos Coelho. "Autoencoder Neural Network Approaches for Anomaly Detection in IBOVESPA Stock Market Index." In Congresso Brasileiro de Inteligência Computacional. SBIC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21528/cbic2021-37.
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Anomalies are patterns in data that do not conform to a well-defined notion of normal behavior. Anomaly detection has been applied to many problems such as bank fraud, fault detection, noise reduction, among many others. Some approaches to detect anomalies include classical statistical econometric methods such as AutoRegressive Moving Average (ARMA) and AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) approaches. More recently, with the progress of artificial intelligence and more specifically, machine learning, new algorithms such as one-class support vector machines, isolation forest, gradient boosting, and deep neural networks were applied to such tasks. This paper focuses on propose an anomaly detection framework for the Índice da Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (IBOVESPA). It is a major stock market index that tracks the performance of around 50 most liquid stocks traded on the São Paulo Stock Exchange in Brazil. Exploring unsupervised autoencoder neural network algorithms, we compare the long short-term autoencoder, bidirectional long short-term autoencoder, and convolutional autoencoder models, aiming to explore the performance of these architectures for anomaly detection. Due to the ability of autoencoders to learn a compressed representation of their respective input, we train these models with standard data by minimizing the mean absolute error (MAE) loss function and evaluate them with anomalous inputs. We set a reconstruction error threshold, and in case that the reconstruction error of the test data sample is beyond it, anomalies are detected. Our results show that these models perform quite well and can be applied to real stock market data.
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Melo, Maria Eduarda Bernardino Martins, Darley de Lima Ferreira, Irnanda Layanna Gomes Oliveira, Julia Cavalcanti dos Santos Carneiro, and Gabriela Prado Lopes. "RECONSTRUCTION OF THE THORACIC WALL WITH EPIPLOON AND DERMO-CUT ABDOMINAL LOWER NEO FLAP IN BREAST ANGIOSARCOMA - CASE REPORT." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1070.
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Introduction: Breast angiosarcoma is very rare and highly aggressive. It has an incidence of 0.5% to 1% of cases and its presentation is typically in women between 14 and 82 years of age with an average age that revolves around 35 years. Breast angiosarcoma presents clinically as a unilateral, softened tumor with ill-defined borders and skin thickening, with a variable growth rate. However, if compared to epithelial breast cancer, angiosarcoma has a faster growth rate. The second is known as stromal sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, histiocytoma, and giant cell sarcoma. Regarding adjuvant therapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, they present an ineffective response. The effective treatment to offer a chance of healing is a broad surgical approach. Case report: Female patient U..S., 35, from Paulo Afonso, state of Pernambuco, complaining of a left breast nodule. She had a tumorectomy in her city, due to fibroadenoma and phyloid tumors with atypia and mitosis. In our service, she underwent a series of tests, where mammogram/ultrasonography confirmed the presence of a 1.5 cm nodule in the left breast.She underwent a new segmental resection surgery, whose histopathology confirmed a low-grade malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes and exiguous margins.A new surgical proposal was discussed with the patient – a simple mastectomy with immediate reconstruction with silicone breast implant and latissimus dorsi flap. The surgery was performed and the histopathological result was the absence of residual neoplastic tissue, with an area of scar fibrosis and usual ductal hyperplasia. After her recovery, the patient was referred to clinical oncology and radiotherapy, but both had no indication for adjuvant therapy. After one year, the patient returned to undergo symmetrization of the opposite breast and reconstruction of the nipple-areolar complex. After two years, the patient returned with a breast US, which demonstrated a nodular image of 1.5 cm adjacent to the breast prosthesis and an MRI suggested the same image. A core biopsy was performed, which confirmed a malignant variant recurrent tumor. The tumor evolved very quickly and the surgery was performed with an enlarged resection of the entire pectoralis large and small and skin inclusion. To correct the deformity, we used the rotation of the great epiploon with the lower abdominal dermocutaneous flap.
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Innocenti, Alessio, Gianni Messeri, Miguel Onorato, and Carlo Brandini. "Analysis of Wave Fields During Ship Accidents in the North-Western Mediterranean." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-78661.
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Abstract The occurrence of extreme waves in real sea conditions and their generation mechanisms are key elements in regional forecasts to improve the safety of navigation, especially in those severe conditions where large ships depart and adapt their routes based only on average wave parameters, as the significant wave height. In the present work we have analyzed a series of accidents occurred in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea to large passengers and cargo ships, involving injured people, damages and partial loss of cargo. We have performed phase-resolving numerical simulations based on the Higher Order Spectral Method (HOS), initialized with WaveWatch III (WWIII) directional wave spectra, to analyze in details the sea conditions during the accidents from a statistical point of view. For each case study we have repeated several 3-dimensional realizations to ensure statistical accuracy, and we have tested also the impact of the atmospherical forcing in the WWIII model as well as the nonlinear source term parametrization. The statistical analysis is based on the evaluation of statistical moments as skewness and kurtosis of the free surface elevation, which are typical indicators of nonlinearities and extreme waves, and on the reconstruction of crests distributions, from space-time analysis. Finally, we have focused the attention on spectral shapes similarities among the different case studies and on its possible effect on rogue waves formation.
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Freund, Isaac. "“1001” Correlations in Random Wave Fields." In Adaptive Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/adop.1996.awd.12.
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The coherence length Λcoh of a random wave field E(x,y) is defined as the characteristic distance over which the whole field, ensemble averaged autocorrelation function μ(Δx)= <E*(x,y)E(x+Δx,y)>/<|E(x,y)|2> decays to zero [1] A natural, indeed universal interpretation is that on length scales larger than Λcoh, different field structures such as maxima, minima, etc. are uncorrelated. Indeed, it is the apparently random distributions of positions, heights, and widths of these features that make the field appear “random”. But as is often the case, appearances can be deceiving, and we have recently found that there are literally thousands of unexpected, often highly unusual, local correlations and anticorrelations present even in that apparently most random of all wave fields, the Gaussian field (i.e. a field whose fundamental field variables obey Gaussian statistics). These local correlations tend to be paired such that correlations with μ ~ +1 in one region of the wave field are exactly canceled by anticorrelations with μ ~–1 in other regions, leading to a whole field average μ ~ 0. Many of these correlations are topological in nature, and are thus universal features of all wave fields. Knowledge of these universal correlations may prove useful in the manipulation and reconstruction of a variety of abberated fields.
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Amabili, Marco, Prabakaran Balasubramanian, Giovanni Ferrari, and Eleonora Tubaldi. "Experimental Investigation on the Dynamic Behaviour of a Dacron Graft Used for the Treatment of Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurism." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70781.
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The dynamic behavior of a woven Dacron graft, currently used in thoracic aortic reconstructions in the case of aneurysm or dissection, has been experimentally investigated for the first time. Dacron grafts are widely used in cardiovascular surgery to replace segments of diseased large blood vessels; however, scarce data are available about their durability. The dynamic modeling of such prostheses may fill this gap and may provide guidelines for the study of human aortic segments as well. Dynamic phenomena such as vibrations are being included among the most likely causes of important aortic pathologies, such as dissections and consequent ruptures. The compatibility of the dynamic behavior of Dacron grafts and human arteries seems a characteristic worthy of experimental investigation as well. For this reason, a cylindrical Dacron graft has been subjected to fixed boundary conditions and to a physiological value of static axial pre-stretch. A constant internal pressure, equal to the average value of the physiologic blood pressure, was exerted by a liquid mixture of suitable viscosity and density. A three-dimensional quasi-linear viscoelastic model was fitted onto the Dacron fabric by means of dedicated traction and relaxation tests. Forced linear and large-amplitude vibrations were imposed and measured. An identification tool recently developed by this research group is being used to study the change of the equivalent modal damping ratio with vibration amplitude during nonlinear vibrations. Furthermore, an ongoing study is revealing a dependence of dissipation on frequency that is coherent to the most common model for biological materials adopted by the medical community.