Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Avena sativa L'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Avena sativa L.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Pedo, Ivone. "Caracterização quimica e nutricional de novos cultivares de aveia (Avena sativa, L.)." [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255696.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-21T10:56:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedo_Ivone_M.pdf: 4782449 bytes, checksum: 9cd6e5cf96e39ba0cce105f2036ac2be (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996
Resumo: A aveia é única entre os cereais em função de seu alto teor de proteínas, lipídios e fibra alimentar. A qualidade nutricional, avaliada através de índices químicos e biológicos também é relativamente alta e muito superior quando comparado com os demais cereais. Estes indicadores, no entanto, variam com o local de cultivo, clima e genótipo. No Brasil, os programas de melhoramento genético já lançaram mais de 30 cultivares de aveia adaptados às condições edafoclimáticas e de alto potencial de rendimento de grãos, porém, a preocupação com as características químicas e nutricionais é recente. Com o presente trabalho se objetivou caracterizar química e nutricionalmente os cultivares de aveia (Avena saliva, L.) UPF-15, UPF-16, CTC-03 e UFRGS-14, recentemente selecionados por instituições que integram o Programa de Melhoramento Genético de Aveia no Brasil e lançados no mercado a partir de 1992. Os estudos foram realizados com a farinha de grãos de aveia descascados e, colhidos em 1993 no Centro Experimental da Faculdade de Agronomia, localizado em Passo Fundo-RS. A caracterização química foi realizada através das determinações de composição centesimal, minerais, vitaminas, energia, aminoácidos e ácidos graxos. A qualidade protéica foi avaliada in vivo e in vitro através da determinação de índices que indicam o valor nutritivo. As proteínas foram seqüencialmente fracionadas com base na solubilidade, em globulina, albumina, prolamina e glutelina e caracterizadas por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (SDS-PAGE). Os resultados do presente trabalho permitem concluir que os grãos de aveia descascados, provenientes de cultivares UPF-15, UPF,16, CTC-03 e UFRGS 14 apresentaram altos teores de proteínas (13,95 e 16,52%) e lipídios (6,33 e 7,50%)em sua composição química. Os teores de fibra alimentar solúvel e insolúvel também foram relativamente altos nestes cultivares (4,76 e 6,36%, respectivamente), conseqüentemente, o de amido foi baixo, cerca de 53,26%. A composição em aminoácidos foi adequada e similar com o padrão teórico da FAO, porém, a lisina foi o primeiro aminoácido limitante, seguido de treonina. O óleo apresentou altas concentrações de ácidos graxos insaturados, sendo que o linoléico, oléico e palmítico representaram 96% do total de ácidos graxos presentes no óleo. O cultivar UFRGS-14 quando comparado com UPF-15, UPF-16 e CTC-03 foi o que apresentou maior teor de proteína bruta (16,52%), melhor balanço aminoacídico e, quanto a qualidade da proteína os maiores índices de aminoácidos essenciais (70,34%), escore químico (70,68%), digestibilidade correlacionada com escore químico (64,15%), coeficiente de utilização protéica líquida calculado (64,76%), contribuição energética das proteínas totalmente utilizáveis da dieta (10,40) e digestibilidade aparente (85,67%). Os maiores teores de vitaminas e minerais foram encontrados no UPF-15. O cultivar UPF-16 apresentou o maior porcentagem de disponibilidade de lisina (92,00). Os índices de digestibilidade in vitro, valor biológico aparente, quociente de utilização líquida aparente da proteína e quociente de eficiência protéica não apresentaram variações significativas (P~0,05) entre os cultivares estudados. Quanto às frações protéicas, a glutelina foi a fração extraída em maior quantidade, seguida de globulina, prolamina e albumina, perfazendo um total de 89,5%, em média A eletroforese revelou que a globulina foi a fração com maior variação de peso molecular e a glutelina apresentou contaminação com polipeptídios das demais frações. Mesmo não ocorrendo grandes variações entre os cultivares estudados, observa-se que o UFRGS-14 se destacou em várias características químicas e nutricionais o que nos leva a concluir que o mesmo foi superior quando comparado com os cultivares UPF-15, UPF-16 e CTC-03
Abstract: Among all cereals oat is considered unique regarding its high rate of protein, fat and dietary fiber. The nutritional quality evaluated through chemical and biological parameters is, to a certain extent, high and significant1y superior when compared to other cereals. However, these characteristics vary as to the local of cultivation, climate and genetic factors. In Brazil genetic improvement programs have created over thirty oat cultivates adapted to climate conditions which have been found to present high yielding potential in grain production, although the concern with nutritional and chemical characteristics is recent. The present research had as objectives the characterization the oat cultivates (Avena saliva, L.) UPF-15, UPF-16, CTC-03 and UFRGS-14 with respect to both chemical and nutritional properties. These have been selected by the institutions that joined The Oat Improvement Programs of Brazil which was launched in the market in 1992. Studies have conducted with husked oat grain flour, harvested in 1993 at Experimental Center of Agronomy located at the city of Passo Fundo-RS. Chemical characterization was carried out through determination of proximate percent composition, minerals, vitamins, energy, amino acids and fatty acids. The protein quality was assessed in vitro and in vivo trough parameters that indicate the nutritional value. Proteins were fractionated taking into account their solubility as follows: globulin, albumin, prolamin, glutelin and were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate po1yacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results ofthe above mentioned determination led to the conclusion that husked oat grain ofUPF-15, UPF-16, CTC-03 and UFRGS-14 showed high amount of protein (13.95 and 16.52%) and fat (6.33 and 7.50%) in its chemical composition. The dietary soluble and insoluble fiber fractions were also considered high (4.76 and 6.36%, respectively). As a consequence the starch content was low (53.26%). The amino acid composition was considered high when compared with the FAO theoretical standard. However lysine was the first limiting amino acid, followed by threonine. The oat oil showed high insatured fatty acids concentration. Linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids account for 96% of the total fatty acids in oil. The UFRGS-14 showed the highest crude protein content (16.52%) and the best amino acids balance. As for the proteinquality UFRGS-14 presented the highest rate of essential amino acid index (70.34%), chemical score (70.68), protein quality evaluation by protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scoring (64.15%), calculated coefficient of net protein utilization (64.76%), energetic contribution of completely usable dietary protein (10.40) and apparent digestibility (85.67%) when compared to the other cultivates. The highest contents of vitamins and minerals were found in UPF-15. The cultivate UPF-16 showed the highest amount of availability percent of 1ysine (92.00). Parameters of digestibility in vitro, apparent biological value, apparent net protein utilization (NPUa) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) did not show any significant variation (P= 0,05) among the studied cultivates. Glutelin was the largest fraction extracted followed by globulin, prolamin and albumin, summing up 89.5% of the total. The electrophoresis revealed that globulin was the fraction that presented the highest variation of molecular weights and glutelin showed contamination of the other fractions. Although statistical significant variations have not been found it has been observed that UFRGS-14 outstanded the other cultivates studied as to its chemical and nutritional characteristics
Mestrado
Nutrição Basica e Experimental
Mestre em Ciência da Nutrição
Sá, Roberta Marins de. "Fracionamento de farinha de aveia (Avena sativa L.) para concentração de nutrientes /." Florianópolis, SC, 1998. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/77785.
Full textSilveira, Solange Ferreira da Silveira. "Variabilidade da composição química em grãos de aveia branca (Avena sativa L.)." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1151.
Full textWith a good chemical composition of grains, oats are appropriate for human and animal consumption, as an alternative to supplie the demand for functional foods. In this context breeding programs of oats need to understand the dynamics of the characters related to chemical quality of the grain in order to provide the consumers, cultivars with high nutritional quality, adequate for the purpose intended. This study aimed to increase knowledge about the chemical components of oat grains, seeking to evaluate the correlation between these characters and to characterize the cultivars. Experiments were conducted with two segregating populations at the in the experimental field of the Plant Genomics and Breeding Center (FAEM / UFPel) located in the municipality of Capão do Leão/RS and cultivars grown in Capão do Leão and Passo Fundo/RS. One of the populations was generated from crosses between the IAC 7 x UFRGS 19 and the other population was generated from crosses between UPF 15 and ALBASUL. The cultivars adopted in this study were: FAPA Louise, URS FAPA Slava, URS Taura, URS Torena, URS 21, Barbarasul, URS 22, URS Charrua, URS Guapa, Brisasul, FAEM 4 - Carlasul, FAEM 5 - Chiarasul, FAEM 6 - Dilmasul , UPFA Gaudéria and URS Guria. Chemical analyzes were done by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The characters evaluated were the contents of proteins, lipids, total dietary fiber, insoluble fiber, soluble fiber, β-glucans, and carbohydrate. We conducted descriptive analyzes, we sought by associations between traits and we characterized the cultivar s chemical composition of the grains. The populations studied behaved differently in the average performance of the characters, but both populations had transgressive segregants individuals and they showed that the characters content of lipid and of β-glucans have the greatest loss of vigor. Correlation studies revealed that the characters content of lipid and content of total fiber, content of lipid and carbohydrate, protein and content of insoluble fiber, content of total fiber and content of insoluble fiber, carbohydrate and protein, carbohydrate and content of total fiber and carbohydrates and content of insoluble fiber were associated in different genetic constitutions and in different cultivars. The content of carbohydrate is the caracter that showed the most significant and negative correlations with other characters. For feeding animals include The cultivars Barbarasul and Louise FAPA are suitable to feed animals because they have high content of lipids. Cultivars Brisasul and UPFA Gaudéria were superior to the contents of β-glucans and the cultivars URS 22 and URS 21 had more contents of proteins in oats. These cultivars can be explored in relation to the components for the consumption and or compose hybridization blocks that aim to obtain a genetic constitution with high levels of β-glucans and proteins simultaneously.
Com uma adequada constituição química dos grãos, a aveia branca é apropriada para consumo humano e animal, sendo uma alternativa para atender a demanda por alimentos funcionais. Neste contexto programas de melhoramento dessa espécie precisam compreender a dinâmica dos caracteres relacionados a qualidade química dos grãos afim de disponibilizar ao mercado, cultivares com elevada qualidade nutricional, adequadas ao fim a que se destinam. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo ampliar o conhecimento a cerca dos componentes químicos de grãos de aveia, buscando avaliar a correlação existente entre esses caracteres e caracterizando cultivares que já estão disponíveis no mercado. Experimentos foram conduzidos com duas populações segregantes, no campo experimental do Centro de Genômica e Fitomelhoramento (FAEM/UFPel), situado no município do Capão do Leão/RS e com cultivares, cultivadas nos municípios de Capão do Leão e em Passo Fundo/RS. Uma das populações foi gerada do cruzamento entre as cultivares IAC 7 x UFRGS 19 e a outra teve como genitores as cultivares Albasul e UPF 15. As cultivares adotadas no estudo foram: FAPA Louise, URS FAPA Slava, URS Taura,URS Torena, URS 21, Barbarasul, URS 22, URS Charrua, URS Guapa, Brisasul, FAEM 4 Carlasul, FAEM 5 Chiarasul, FAEM 6 Dilmasul, UPFA Gaudéria e URS Guria. Para as análises químicas os grãos inteiros foram descascados e avaliados por espectrofotometria do infravermelho próximo (NIRS). Procederam-se análises descritivas, busca por associações entre caracteres e caracterização de cultivares quanto a constituição química dos grãos. Os caracteres avaliados foram o conteúdo de proteínas, lipídeos, fibras alimentares totais, fibras insolúveis, fibras solúveis, β-glucanas, e carboidrato. As populações estudadas comportaram-se diferentemente quanto ao desempenho médio dos caracteres avaliados, mas ambas apresentaram indivíduos segregantes transgressivos e revelaram que os caracteres conteúdo lipídico e conteúdo de β- glucanas apresentam a maior perda de vigor, na geração F2 que os demais caracteres. O estudo de correlações revelou que os caracteres lipídeo e fibras totais, lipídeo e carboidrato, proteínas e fibras insolúveis, fibras totais e fibras insolúveis, carboidrato e proteína, carboidrato e fibras totais e carboidratos e fibras insolúveis se mantém associados em diferentes constituições genéticas e em diferentes locais de cultivo. O conteúdo de carboidrato é a variável que mantém correlações significativas e negativas com os demais caracteres. Para a alimentação animal destacam-se as cultivares Barbarasul e FAPA Louise devido ao alto conteúdo de lipídeos. As cultivares Brisasul e UPFA Gaudéria apresentam conteúdos superiores quanto ao conteúdo de β-glucanas e as cultivares URS 21 e URS 22 destacam-se pelo acúmulo de proteínas nos grãos de aveia. Essas cultivares podem ser exploradas quanto aos componentes em que se destacam e ou compor blocos de cruzamento visando obter constituição genética com altos teores de proteínas e β-glucanas simultaneamente.
Miller, Susan Shea. "Studies on acyl hydrolases in Avena sativa L." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5189.
Full textLimberger, Emerson. "Identificação de genes responsivos ao alumínio tóxico em aveia branca (Avena sativa L.)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13213.
Full textAluminum is the most common metal on the Earth crust and it is found on most of the arable regions of the planet. Aluminum becomes a toxic metal (Al+2<=>Al+3) to the greatest part of crop plants in acidic soil conditions (pH<4,5), which characterizes most of the soils of the Central and Southern part of Brazil. Therefore, it is important to find more tolerant varieties and species, in order to isolate tolerance genes for it is a caracter of agronomic interest. A major effect dominant gene having two alleles, Al and al, was identified in oat in the population from the cross between UFRGS17 and UFRGS930598. The objectives of this work were to convert and test DNA markers associated with aluminum tolerance from oat related species, and to identify differentially expressed sequences from messenger RNA from a tester probe grown in aluminum stress condition and a not stressed driver probe, so species-specific oat candidate genes could be isolated. The SNP identified in oat from XBCD1117 was not associated to aluminum tolerance in the recombinant lines from UFRGS17 X UFRGS930598. Therefore, the gene involved in the aluminum tolerance at UFRGS17 may not be orthologus to gene Alp present at chromosome 4HS in barley. The analysis of 68 isolated sequences showed 12 exclusive ones. Among them, three clones did not have any homology with genbank sequences, and due to its high specificity are worth of future investigation. Three other sequences revealed high chances as candidates genes for toxic aluminum tolerance in oat, for they are already been identified as genes regulating this trait in other species. One of them is an ADP-ribosilation factor and the others are two receptor kinases.
Valério, Igor Pirez. "Bases genéticas de caracteres quantitativos em diferentes populações de aveia (Avena sativa L.)." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2006. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2071.
Full textIn the investigations performed with the oat crop, many mechanisms have been proposed with the goal of maximizing the genetic gains in different quantitative traits, especially on segregating populations, where a greater level of genetic interaction is expected. On the other hand, great value has been attributed to the right choice of environmentally adapted genotypes, increasing the potential of making the best selections. The research had, as a general goal, to determine the genetic parameters of quantitative traits in oats, with the choice of parents and genotypes with high yield potential and predictable behavior. Two experiments were carried on: the first consisted on a stability test of different oat populations based on the general and specific combining ability estimates from five genotypes. The results indicate the great potential of the evaluated genotypes for the breeder s use aiming to infer about general combining ability, showing high predictability in their performances. However, on identifying the best genotypes by specific combining ability effects, evaluations in different generations and years was essential for obtaining more precise results. Nevertheless, specific crosses between oat genotypes can be efficient for traits related to grain yield, via indirect selection for the trait. Based on the statistical parameters evaluated, as observed for UPF 16 / UPF 18, UPF 16 / UFRGS 17 and UPF 16 / UFRGS 7, for number of panicles pe plant, panicle weight and number of grains per plant, respectively. The second experiment aimed to estimate the genetic parameters involved in the trait grain yield and its components, through the analysis of different generations, supplying tools for the selection of high yield potential genotypes at early selfing generations. Significant epistatic interaction can be observed for the trait grain yield per plant and those are essential for the understanding of the genic effects involved in each cross. On the other hand, the results suggest that specific crosses between oat genotypes can result in large gains for the selection at early generations, as seen for grain yield per plant for UPF 16 / UPF 18 and UPF 18 / UFRGS 7. These crosses presented only the interaction additive x additive as a significant epistatic effect, being able to produce larger genetic gains. Additionally, the traits number of panicles per plant and panicle weight showing lower complexity on the estimated genic effects, being their selection more effective. Thus, the cross UPF 18 / UFRGS 17, calls for attention, since the dominance effect is non significant, even if the cross presents a larger participation of dominance variance in the genetic variance of the trait. Regarding the trait panicle weight, the cross UPF 18 / UFRGS 7 can be highlighted, because it shows a higher participation of the additive comparing to the dominance effect on the genetic control of the trait.
Nos trabalhos realizados com a cultura da aveia, diversos mecanismos têm sido propostos com o objetivo de maximizar os ganhos obtidos em diferentes caracteres métricos (quantitativos), principalmente em gerações segregantes, onde se espera maior ocorrência de interações gênicas. Por outro lado, grande valor tem sido dado na escolha ajustada ao ambiente das constituições genéticas que farão parte do estudo, potencializando, desta forma, combinações com maior ajuste as condições de avaliação. A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral determinar os parâmetros genéticos de caracteres quantitativos em aveia, com devida escolha de genitores e constituições genéticas com elevado potencial produtivo, que apresentem previsibilidade de comportamento. Foram realizados dois trabalhos: o primeiro testou a estabilidade de diferentes populações de aveia com base nas estimativas da capacidade geral e específica de combinação envolvendo cinco genitores. Os resultados indicaram o grande potencial dos genótipos avaliados para uso do melhorista, com o objetivo de inferir sobre o efeito de capacidade geral de combinação, com grande previsibilidade de desempenho. Contudo, na identificação das melhores constituições genéticas com base na estabilidade do efeito de capacidade específica de combinação, o uso de avaliações em diferentes gerações e anos de cultivo foi determinante. Além disto, cruzamentos específicos entre genótipos de aveia podem ser eficientes em caracteres relacionados à produção de grãos, via seleção indireta para o caráter, com base nos parâmetros estatísticos considerados, conforme verificado para UPF 16 / UPF 18, UPF 16 / UFRGS 17 e UPF 16 / UFRGS 7, para número de panículas por planta, peso de panícula e número de grãos por panícula, respectivamente. O segundo tratou de estimar os parâmetros genéticos envolvidos no caráter rendimento de grãos e seus componentes, por meio da análise de diferentes gerações, fornecendo ferramentas para a seleção de constituições genéticas com elevado potencial produtivo logo nas primeiras gerações de autofecundação. Pode ser verificada a presença de interações epistáticas significativas para o caráter produção de grãos por planta, sendo estas determinantes no conhecimento dos efeitos gênicos envolvidos em cada cruzamento. Por outro lado, os dados evidenciam que cruzamentos específicos entre genótipos de aveia, podem proporcionar ganhos elevados na seleção em gerações iniciais, conforme verificado para produção de grãos por planta, com UPF 16 / UPF 18 e UPF 18 / UFRGS 7, por apresentar apenas a interação aditividade x aditividade como o efeito epistático significativo, podendo alcançar maiores ganhos na seleção. Além disto, os caracteres número de panículas por planta e peso de panícula evidenciaram menor complexidade nos efeitos gênicos estimados, sendo, portanto, de maior efetividade na seleção. Neste sentido, o cruzamento UPF 18 / UFRGS 17 revela o maior destaque, em virtude do efeito dominância não ser significativo, mesmo que o cruzamento apresente a maior participação da variância de dominância na variância genética do caráter. Já em relação ao caráter peso de panícula, pode ser destacado o cruzamento de UPF 18 / UFRGS 7, pela maior participação do efeito aditivo do que o efeito de dominância no controle genético do caráter.
Rother, Vianei. "Estratégias de seleção em Aveia Branca (Avena sativa L.) visando componentes de rendimento." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2017. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3419.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-05-10T19:06:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertação Vianei.pdf: 1386887 bytes, checksum: 786b3765350d438130b834ddea46e8ef (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-10T19:06:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertação Vianei.pdf: 1386887 bytes, checksum: 786b3765350d438130b834ddea46e8ef (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-06
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
A aveia branca é um cereal de grande importância para a agricultura brasileira, com destaque em algumas regiões onde a cultura é parte fundamental dos sistemas produtivos. Dentre as inúmeras utilizações do cereal, vem ganhando destaque o seu uso na alimentação humana. Devido as suas características nutricionais o cereal é qualificado como alimento funcional, auxiliando na prevenção de doenças e o seu consumo é indicado por vários órgãos de saúde. Os programas de melhoramento genético de plantas possuem o desafio de fornecer aos produtores e indústria beneficiadora genótipos que tenham bom desempenho produtivo aliado a boas características nutricionais. Dessa forma, cada programa deve definir e estabelecer estratégias de seleção que atendam os seus objetivos a um custo baixo e num curto período de tempo. Dentre os métodos de condução de populações segregantes se destaca o SSD (Single Seed Descent) que, entre suas vantagens, possibilita ao melhorista a manutenção da variabilidade total da população em gerações avançadas e a possibilidade de avanço de mais de uma geração por ano. Assim como em outros métodos, o SSD é executado por alguns programas com alterações. Estas visam aumentar a variabilidade genética da população segregante por meio da condução de mais sementes a partir de uma planta F2. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar famílias F6 oriundas de dois cruzamentos de aveia branca (Albasul x UPF 15 e IAC 7 x UFRGS 19) conduzidas sob os métodos de condução: SSD Clássico e SSD Modificado. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Capão do Leão – RS, no ano de 2016. Foram avaliadas 30 famílias de cada cruzamento conduzidas no método SSD clássico e 120 famílias de cada cruzamento conduzidas no método SSD modificado. Foi possível observar que o método SSD Modificado proporciona uma maior amplitude entre os valores mínimos e máximos para a maioria dos caracteres avaliados. A elevação do teto produtivo não resultou, no entanto, em um aumento expressivo nas médias das famílias. O método SSD Modificado apresenta um maior efeito não aditivo atuando entre e dentro das famílias, afetando negativamente a herdabilidade no sentido restrito. Nas famílias oriundas do cruzamento Albasul x UPF 15 os ganhos de seleção foram superiores naquelas conduzidas no método SSD. No cruzamento IAC 7 x UFRGS 19 o método SSD também obteve desempenho superior nos ganhos de seleção com exceção nos caracteres estatura de planta e massa de grãos da panícula principal. Quando são analisadas as médias das famílias selecionadas na pressão de seleção de 10% e 20% há uma semelhança entre os dois métodos de condução. Destaca-se o método SSD Modificado que engloba um número maior de genótipos com bom desempenho agronômico e que agregam desempenho destacado para vários caracteres de interesse. Dessa forma as modificações efetuadas no método SSD foram benéficas para o programa de melhoramento e 8 possibilitaram a identificação de um maior número de genótipos transgressivos com o mesmo número de plantas F2.
The white oat is a cereal of great importance for Brazilian agriculture, with emphasis in some regions where the culture is the fundamental part of productive sistems. Among the inumerable uses of the cereal has been emphasized in the human food. Due to the nutritional characteristics the cereal is qualified as functional food, aiding in the prevention of diseases and its consumption is indicated by several health organs. The genetic breeding programs have the challenge of providing genotypes to the producers and the processing industry with good productive characteristics, together with good nutritional characteristics. In this way each program must define and establish selection strategies that meet its objectives at a low cost and in a short period of time. Among the methods Among the methods of conducting segregating populations, SSD stands out, which among its advantages enables the breeder to maintain the total population variability in advanced generations and the possibility of advancement of more than one generation per year. Like other methods the SSD is run by some programs with changes. These aim to increase the genetic variability of the segregating population by conducting more seeds from an F2 plant. The objective of this work was to evaluate F6 families from two white oat crosses (Albasul x UPF 15 and IAC 7 x UFRGS 19) conducted under the conduction methods: Classic SSD and Modified SSD. The experiment was conducted in the county of Capão do Leão – RS, in the year of 2016. Was evaluated 30 families of each crosses conducted in the classic SSD method and 120 families in each cross conducted in the modified SSD method. It was possible to observed that the modified SSD method provides a greater range between minimum and maximum values for most of the evaluated characters. The Modified SSD method has a greater non-additive effect acting between and within families, negatively affecting heritability in the narrow sense. In the families from the Albasul x UPF 15 cross the selection gains were higher in the families conducted in the SSD method. At the IAC 7 x UFRGS 19 cross the SSD method also obtained superior performance in the selection gains with exception in the characters plant height and grain mass of the main panicle. When the means of the families selected at the selection pressure of 10% and 20% are analyzed, there is a similarity between the two methods of conduction. We highlight the Modified SSD method that encompasses a larger number of genotypes with good agronomic performance and aggregate highlighted performance to various characters of interest. In this way the modifications made in the SSD method were beneficial to the breeding program and allowed the identification of a greater number of transgressive genotypes with the same crosses.
Gutkoski, Luiz Carlos. "Caracterização tecnologica de frações de moagem de aveia (Avena sativa L.) e efeito de unidade e de temperatura de extrusão na sua estabilidade." [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256626.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-21T22:39:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gutkoski_LuizCarlos_D.pdf: 14866899 bytes, checksum: f1b8a46cae0f3cf21f22ce40f911a541 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996
Resumo: A aveia fornece um aporte energético e nutricional perfeitamente equilibrado, ou seja, contém em sua composição química aminoácidos, ácidos graxos, vitaminas e minerais indispensáveis ao organismo de crianças e adultos; as fibras alimentares são de alta qualidade, porém o seu uso na alimentação humana ainda é restrito e ocorre, basicamente, na forma de alimentos infantis e de produtos matinais. Neste trabalho objetivou-se estudar as características de moagem de frações de aveia e avaliar os efeitos de umidade e temperatura de extrusão na estabilidade de seus produtos. Cariopses de aveia com 18 % umidade foram condicionadas para 14,2 e 5,8 % e secas nas temperaturas entre 44,5 e 115,4 ºC. A moagem foi realizada em moinho de rolos, analisando-se as frações de granulometrias superior a 532 µm, intermediária (532¬-150 µm) e inferior a 150µm. O rendimento da fração de granulometria superior a 532 µm diminuiu com a redução da umidade de condicionamento, ocorrendo o inverso nas frações de granulometrias intermediária (532-150 µm) e inferior a 150 µm. As concentrações de proteínas, lipídios e cinzas diminuíram com o aumento da umidade de condicionamento, enquanto a de carboidratos aumentou. Nos experimentos de extrusão, as frações de granuiometrias superior e inferior a 532 µm foram condicionadas para a umidade desejada (15,5-25,5 %) e extrusadas em extrusor monorosca Brabender, utilizando-se temperaturas entre 77,6 e 162,4 °C na segunda e terceira zonas e de 80°C na primeira zona. O material foi seco em estufa, moído e acondicionado em sacos plásticos para as análises. A energia mecânica específica aumentou com a elevação de umidade da matéria-prima. O índice de absorção de água dos extrusados foi relativamente baixo, aumentando com a elevação da umidade 'da matéria-prima e da temperatura de extrusão. O índice de solubilidade mostrou-se inversamente proporcional à temperatura, diminuindo com o aumento da severidade do tratamento térmico. O aumento da viscosidade inicial de pasta foi proporcional à umidade da matéria-prima e temperatura de extrusão, enquanto as viscosidades máxima à temperatura constante e final diminuíram com o aumento da temperatura. Produtos com menores valores de L* (Iuminosidade) e maiores de a* (vermelho) e b* (amarelo) foram obtidos a altas umidades e usando-se temperaturas de extrusão de 120°C. Os produtos extrusados apresentaram maior concentração de fibra alimentar solúvel quando comparados à matéria-prima, porém as variáveis estudadas não interferiram significativamente (p>0,05) nos teores de fibras. O processo de extrusão afetou o valor nutritivo das proteínas dos produtos, ocorrendo diminuição de iisina disponível com o aumento da temperatura de extrusão. Os valores de digestibilidade in vitro não apresentaram dependência das variáveis estudadas. A atividade das enzimas lipase e peroxidase dos produtos diminuiu drasticamente se comparada às atividades residuais das frações de moagem e da matéria-prima nativa, mostrando uma inativação praticamente completa. O índice de acidez dos produtos extrusados, ao contrário do observado no estudo de moagem, não variou significativamente (p>0,05) durante os 126 dias de armazenamento. Independentemente do conteúdo inicial de umidade (15,5-25,5 %), todos os produtos extrusados em temperaturas inferiores a 120 °C apresentaram baixa rancidez oxidativa, ou seja, essas temperaturas se mostraram adequadas para o processamento de aveia.
Abstract: Dat is one of the best balanced cereais for human nutrition, a chemical composition contain amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerais indispensable for child and adult organisms, as wel as fibers of high quality, however its use as food is restricted in quantity and types. The purpose of this research is to study the milling characteristics of ground oat fractions and assess the effects of moisture and temperature on the stability of its extruded products. Dat kemels with 18 % moisture were dried to 14.2-5.8 % moisture. The material was ground in a roller-mill and -the fractions >532 µm, 532-150 µm and <150 µm were analyzed. The milling yield of the >532 µm fraction products decreased with reduction of the moisture content of kemels; the inverse occurred for the 532-150 µm and <150 µm fractions. The protein, lipids and ash contents of the milling fraction products decreased with the increase of kemel moisture, while the concentration of carbohydrates increased. For the extrusion experiments, the fractions >532 f.1I11 and <532 ~m were conditioned to the moisture level of 15.5-25.5 % 9 then extruded in a single-screw laboratory extruder, using temperatures between 77.6 and 162.4 °C for the second and third zones, respectively, while the temperature of the first zone was maintained at 80°C. Afie r extrusion, the material was dried, ground and wrapped into plastic-bags. The mechanical energy increased with the increase of initial moisture of raw material. The water absorption index of extruded oat (fractions >532 µm) were found to be relatively low (4.16-6.35 g gel/g sample) and increased with increase of initial moisture of raw material as well as extrusion temperature. The water solubility index showed to be inversely proportional to the extrusion temperature. Initial viscosity of the paste increased with the increase of raw material moisture and extrusion temperature, while the values of maximum viscosity (at a constant temperature) and final viscosity diminished with the increase of temperature. Products with lower values of L * (Iuminosity) and greater values of a* (red) and b* (yellow) were obtained at high moistures rates and extrusion temperatures of 120°C. Extruded material showed higher soluble dietary fiber (8.14 %) in relation to raw material. The extrusion variables, however did not influence the fiber content. The extrusion process affected the nutrition value of the proteins content, occurring a decrease of available Iysine with increasing of temperature. The digestibility values in vitro did not show dependency on the examined variables. The lipase and peroxidase activities of the extruded products decreased drastically in comparation to the raw material, showing a practically complete inactivation. The acidity index of the extruded products, 01:1 the contrary of the one observed in the milling study, did not vary significantly (p>0,05) after 126 days of storage, showing a good hydrolytic stability. Independently of the initial moisture content of the raw material (15.5¬25.5 %), ali the products extruded to temperatures lower than 120 C showed low oxidative rancidity
Doutorado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos
Brenner, Everton Alen. "Genética da distribuição de grãos nuda em panículas de aveia hexaplóide (Avena sativa L.)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10397.
Full textThe major difference between naked and conventional oats is the capacity of dehulling during threshing. The incomplete expression of the naked trait limits the commercial exploitation of naked oats. The objectives of this work were: (i) to analyze the expression of the naked trait in panicles of F2 and F3 segregating populations and the parental genotypes, (ii) to estimate the number of genes controlling this trait, (iii) to evaluate if there are any differences in the expression of the naked character, due to the type of seeds, naked or husked, used, (iv) to determine the association of the naked character with plant height and flowering date. This work was conduced at the Agronomic Experimental Station of UFRGS, in 2005 and 2006. The inbred lines used as parents, UFRGS 995080-1 (naked) and UFRGS 970486-3 (hulled), and the segregating populations F2 and F3 were evaluated for the presence and distribution of the naked grains within the panicles. The naked trait is controlled by one dominant major gene. In the F2 generation three phenotypic classes were observed, naked, mosaic, and hulled, in the proportion of 1:2:1, respectively. The expression of the naked trait was incomplete, even for the dominant homozygous genotypes, as confirmed by the F3 analysis. The expression of the naked character was less evident in the second and third order branches, located mostly at the base of the panicle. There were no differences in the phenotypic proportions observed in the F2 and F3 generations based on the type of seed used, i.e, naked or hulled seeds. The multiflorous trait was also monogenic and strongly linked to naked character. There was no association between the naked trait with plant height and flowering date. Selection of phenotypes that express only dehulled seeds throughout the panicle will facilitate the development of new naked oat varieties, since they are homozygous and will probably have a more stable expression of this characteristic.
Azevedo, Junior Ricardo Lima de. "Aveia branca (Avena sativa l.) como suplemento na terminação de novilhas em pastagem de aveia (Avena strigosa Schreb.) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4372.
Full textThis study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementation with white oats grain on the performance of heifers of 21 and 33 months of age on temperate pastures and the influence on productive parameters of pasture, performance, carcass and meat characteristis. Twenty-four Charolais x Nellore heifers, 12 with an average age of 21 months and average weight of 194.9 kg; and 12 with an average age of 33 months and average weight of 270.3 kg, were assigned to the treatments: With supplementation (WITH): heifers kept on pasture of oat + ryegrass receiving broken white oat grain at 0.6% body weight; Without supplementation (WITHOUT): heifers exclusively on pasture of oat + ryegrass. The experiment had a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement (two treatments x two ages); data were analyzed using the SAS statistical package (2013). The chemical analysis of qualitative simulation of grazing and white oat grain showed no differences (P≥0.05), for supplementation and age of heifers. The forage mass was significantly different (P≤0.05) with mean values of 966.16 and 774.76 kg/ha for heifers WITH and WITHOUT supplementation, respectively. The supplementation promoted a greater production of pasture (7116.03 vs. 6251.14 Kg /DM/ha) (P≤0.05). The stocking rate was significantly different (P≤0.05) for animals of different ages, 785.51 and 577.53 kg body weight/ha for heifers of 21 and 33 months of age, respectively. The daily body weight gain was statistically different (P≤0.05), with mean values of 1.40 and 1.20 kg body weight for heifers WITH and WITHOUT supplementation, respectively. The slaughter weight was influenced by age; heifers of 36 months of age were heavier than heifers of 24 months of age (422.71 vs. 336.83 kg) (P≤0,05). Hot and cold carcass yields were not influenced by supplementation and age of heifers. Supplementation significantly affected the absolute weight of carcass fat (47.75 vs. 41.60) (P≤0,05). Heifers of 24 months of age, without supplementation, presented a lower fat thickness (1.72 mm), thus determining a greater carcass cooling loss (2.38 kg/100 kg carcass) (P≤0,05). There were interactions for the variables palatability, juiciness and tenderness of the meat.
Objetivou-se neste estudo investigar a resposta da utilização da suplementação com o grão de aveia branca, no desempenho de novilhas de 21 e 33 meses de idade em pastagens de clima temperado e a resposta nos parâmetros produtivos da pastagem, no desempenho, características da carcaça e da carne. Foram utilizadas 24 novilhas cruzas Charolês x Nelore, sendo 12 com idade média inicial de 21 meses e peso vivo médio de 194,9 kg; e 12 com idade média inicial de 33 meses e peso vivo médio de 270,3 kg, distribuídas nos tratamentos: Com suplementação (COM): novilhas mantidas em pastagem de aveia + azevém, recebendo grão de aveia branca quebrada em nível de 0,6 % do peso vivo; Sem suplementação (SEM): novilhas mantidas exclusivamente em pastagem de aveia + azevém. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 2 x 2 (dois tratamentos x duas idades), os dados foram analisados com o auxílio do pacote estatístico SAS (2013). Para as análises bromatológicas de simulação de pastejo e do grão de aveia branca não foram encontradas diferenças (P≥0,05), para a suplementação e idade das novilhas. A massa de forragem apresentou diferença (P≤0,05) com médias de 966,16 e 774,76 kg/ha para novilhas COM e SEM suplementação, respectivamente. A suplementação promoveu maior produção de pastagem (7116,03 vs. 6251,14 kg/MS/ha) (P≤0,05). A taxa de lotação apresentou diferença (P≤0,05) em relação à idade das novilhas, apresentando médias de 785,51 e 577,53 kg de peso vivo/ha para as novilhas de 21 e 33 meses, respectivamente. O ganho de peso vivo diário apresentou diferença (P≤0,05), apresentando médias de 1,40 e 1,20 kg de peso vivo para novilhas COM e SEM suplementação, respectivamente. O peso de abate foi influenciado pela idade, sendo as novilhas de 36 meses mais pesadas do que as novilhas de 24 meses de idade (422,71 vs. 336,83 kg) (P≤0,05). Os rendimentos de carcaça quente e fria não foram influenciadas pela suplementação e idade das novilhas. A suplementação influenciou o peso absoluto da gordura na carcaça (47,75 vs. 41,60) (P≤0,05). As novilhas de 24 meses e sem suplementação apresentaram menores valores de espessura de gordura (1,72 mm) (P≤0,05), determinando maior quebra ao resfriamento da carcaça (2,38 kg/100 kg de carcaça) (P≤0,05). Foram encontradas interações para as variáveis palatabilidade, suculência e maciez da carne.
Dallepiane, Loiva Beatriz. "Influencia das "beta"-glucanas e amido sobre a viscosidade da aveia (Avena Sativa L.)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1996. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/76527.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-16T11:10:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Avaliados o teor de b-glucanas, amido e viscosidade de cinco cultivares de aveia (Avena Sativa L.), provenientes de três locais do Sul do Brasil, além de duas amostras estrangeiras (Estados Unidos e Argentina) para comparação. O conteúdo médio de b-glucanas das cultivares nacionais foi 4,50%, influenciado mais por fatores genéticos do que ambientais. Duas das cultivares brasileiras tiveram teores tão altos quanto os da Americana e quatro cultivares nacionais foram superiores ao cultivar Argentina. O teor médio de amido das amostras nacionais variou de 46,06 a 53, 23%, influenciado pelo genótipo e o ambiente de cultivo das amostras. Em geral, o teor de amido da maioria das cultivares nacionais foi similar ou melhor do que a cultivar Americana, e significativamente superior ao da Argentina. As viscosidades foram avaliadas pelos métodos Brabender e RVA (Analisador rápido de viscosidade). No método Brabender, tanto o pico de viscosidade como a viscosidade máxima de resfriamento das amostras nacionais tiveram como influência o teor de b-glucanas, enquanto o método RVA teve uma correlação com o conteúdo de amido.
San, Martín Pérez Victoria Beatriz. "Caracterización tecnológica y funcional de dos tipos de harina de avena (Avena sativa L.)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112219.
Full textNo disponible a texto completo
El grano de la avena se ha utilizado en la alimentación animal y en la humana. Los principales productos para el consumo humano son: avena en escamas (tanto de cocción rápida como lenta) y harina de avena, empleada en la producción de alimentos para bebés y elaboración de galletas. Para la utilización de un producto alimenticio, o parte de éste, es necesario conocer sus propiedades y como éstas afectan la elaboración y aceptabilidad de un alimento. Entre éstas se encuentran las propiedades tecnológicas, dentro de las cuales se hallan: índice de solubilidad (ISA), índice de absorción de agua (IAA), hinchamiento (HIN), capacidad de retención de agua (CRA), capacidad de absorción de aceite (CAA) y densidad aparente (DA) y las propiedades funcionales dentro las cuales se encuentran: polifenoles totales (PT), fibra dietética total (FDT), fibra dietética insoluble (FDI), fibra dietética soluble (FDS) y capacidad de atrapamiento de radicales libres (DPPH). Debido a lo anteriormente señalado, el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las propiedades tecnológicas y funcionales de las harinas obtenidas a partir de escamas de avenas crudas y precocidas. La harina cruda de escamas de avena tuvo un 10,23% de humedad; parámetros de color L* 78,78%, a* 2,08%, b* 14,21%. La composición química en base a materia seca en 100g de muestra fue: proteínas 13,58g, extracto etéreo 7,96g, fibra cruda 0,17g, cenizas 1,34g y extracto no nitrogenado 66,70g. Mientras que para harina precocida provenientes de escamas presentó una humedad de 10,17%; parámetros de color L* 77,18%, a*2,44%, b* 14,13%. La composición química en base a materia seca en 100g de muestra fue: proteínas 15,35%, extracto etéreo 7,76%, fibra cruda 0,27g, cenizas 2,62g y extracto no nitrogenado 63,84. La precocción de las harinas provenientes de escamas de avena presentaron diferencias significativas con respecto a las harinas crudas de escamas de avena en el análisis granulométrico presentando un mayor porcentaje en los tamaños de 425 y 710 μm, mayor cantidad de cenizas (2,62g/100g), disminución de ENN (63,84g/100g), alta cantidad de FDT (20,88g/100g), mayor cantidad de FDS (6,95g/100g), mayor FDI (13,94g/100g), disminución IAA (5,89g/g) y aumento del CRA (3,27g/g).
The oat grain has been used in animal feed and human. The main products for human consumption are flake oats (quick cooking so much as slow) and oatmeal, used in the production of baby food and making cookies. For the use of a food product or part thereof, is necessary to know their properties and how this affects the development and acceptability of a food. These include technological properties, among which are: water solubility index (WSI), water absorption index (WAI), swelling (SW), water holding capacity (WHC), oil absorption capacity (OAC) and bulk density (AD) and functional properties which are within: total polyphenols (TP), total dietary fiber (TDF), insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and trapping capacity free radical (TCFR). Due to the above, the objective of this research was to determine the technological and functional properties of flour obtained from raw oat flakes and precooked. The raw meal oat flakes had a 10,23% of moisture; parameters of color L* 78,78%, a* 2.08% and b* 14.21%. The chemical composition based on 100g of sample dry matter basis was: 13,58 g proteins, 7,96 g ethereal extract, 0,17 g crude fiber , 1,34 g ash and non nitrogen extract 66,70 g. While for precooked from scales presented a moisture of 10,17%; color parameters L* 77,18%, a* 2,44%, b* 14,13%. The chemical composition based on 100g of sample dry matter basis was: protein 15,35%, 7,76% ethereal extract, crude fiber 0,27 g, ash 2,62 g and non nitrogen extract 63,84g. The precooking of the flours from oat flakes sieve analysis presented in greater quantity in sizes of 425 and 710 microns, greater amount of ash (2,62 g/100g), decrease of NNE (63,84 g/100g), high amount of TDF (20,88g/100g), most of SDS (6,95g/100g), higher FDI (13,94g/100g), decreased WAI (5.89g/g) and increased WHC (3,27g/g).
Ouknider, Mustapha. "Les Interactions biologiques dans l'association graminée-légumineuse le modèle vesce (Vicia sativa L.)-avoine (Avena sativa L.) /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608628b.
Full textOuknider, Mustapha. "Les interactions biologiques dans l'association Graminée-Légumineuse : le modèle vesce (Vicia sativa L.)-avoine (Avena sativa L.)." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20272.
Full textRosa, Carlos Renato Echeveste da. "Estabelecimento de pyrenophora avenae Ito & Kurib, em grãos de aveia (Avena sativa L.) em formação sob condições de campo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/2388.
Full textLângaro, Nadia Canali. "Caracterização biológica e molecular da interação de Drechslera avenae (Eidam) Sharif com cultivares e linhagens de aveia (Avena sativa L.)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3412.
Full textArruda, Marcio Pais de. "Herança da resistência à ferrugem do colmo em genótipos brasileiros de aveia (Avena sativa L.)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/30195.
Full textStem rust is a major disease on oats, occurring in all oat producing countries. Genetic resistance to this disease is widely used as a control measure. However, new virulent races of the pathogen threaten the oat production in Brazil as well as in the other regions. This work aimed to study the inheritance of stem rust resistance in Brazilian oat genotypes. The work was carried out in 2009 and 2010, in Eldorado do Sul-RS, and five populations segregating for stem rust resistance were used. The genitors belong to the UFRGS Oat Breeding Program and the resistant parent, line UFRGS 995088-3, is one of the few sources of resistance to stem rust available in the world. In 2009 five F2 populations were evaluated and two populations were advanced to the F2:3 generation in the next year. The results show the disease do not develop on the line UFRGS 995088-3 almost throughout the life cycle of the plants, being only detected in the last weeks of evaluation, when temperatures are higher. Based on the 2009 results, a genetic model was formulated and its suitability was confirmed in the next year. This genetic model consists of one recessive gene, which expression depends on the complementary gene action of two other genes, one recessive and another dominant. These complementary genes behave as resistant inhibition genes, decreasing the number of resistant individuals in segregating populations. The narrow sense heritability estimates were high, varying between 0.71 and values close to one, depending of the method and population used. These estimates indicate that selection for stem rust resistance may be performed on early segregating generations, however, also needs to be performed further on due to the presence of resistant inhibition genes.
Roesler, Eduardo André. "Herança da resistência qualitativa à ferrugem da folha em genótipos de aveia (Avena sativa L.)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/159245.
Full textCrown rust is the main disease and more destructive for the oat crop. Genetic resistance is one of the most efficient methods to control it. However, with the constant appearance of new virulent pathogen races, the resistances in use become ineffective, requiring the search for new resistance sources. The objective of this work was to study the genetic inheritance of crown rust resistance of oat genotypes, controlled by major genes. This research was conducted in 2015 and 2016, in Eldorado do Sul-RS, using 14 segregating populations for oat crown rust. The parental lines 07BT306, 07BT333, LA90105C4-1-1-1-2-1, Leggett, and URS Charrua represent new sources of crown rust resistance in use by the UFRGS Oat Breeding Program. In 2015 14 populations were evaluated in the F2 generation. In the following growing season, six populations were advanced to F2:3 generation. To explain the segregation for the resistance in the different populations F2, genetic models were formulated and their fitness was confirmed for six populations F2:3 in 2016. The populations segregated for one, three, or four loci controlling crown rust resistance. Considering the resistant parental, it was detected the presence of two loci controlling the resistance in 07BT333 and LA90105C4-1-1-1-2-1, and three loci in 07BT306, Leggett, and URS Charrua. The presence of a main locus (A), which presence is required in order to the resistance to crown rust be expressed, was determined to all resistant parents, but not in URS Charrua. The presence of suppressor locus was identified in two populations descendant of the resistant parent line 07BT306, and in four populations descending from URS Charrua. The mode of inheritance of the suppressor varied among populations, showing complete dominance, incomplete dominance or recessiviness. On the other hand, no suppressor locus was identified in populations descending from LA90105C4-1-1-1-1-1 or Leggett. High heritability values in broad sense heritability were estimated to14 F2 populations in F2 generation, varied from 0.822 to 0.974, while the narrow sense heritability ranged from 0.462 to values close to one, based on the data from the six populations advanced to F2:3 generation.
Ricacheski, Silvonei Tiago. "Avaliação nutricional e produtiva da aveia branca (Avena sativa L.) IPR126 sob diferentes períodos de descanso." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1530.
Full textThe present study aiming to determine the best management to production of oat (Avena sativa L.) IPR 126 in order to produce quality forage for ruminants in the southwest region of Parana. Four periods between harvests were used: 14, 21, 28 and 35 days, distributed in randomized blocks with four replicates for each treatment. The variables evaluated were: the dry matter production of each harvest period, and the concentration of Neutral Detergent Insoluble Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Insoluble Fiber (ADF), lignin, dry matter (DM), ash, ether extract (EE) and in vitro digestibility of dry matter obtained by measurement of gas production. The profile of gas production was adjusted to the logistic bi-compartimental mathematical model of Schofield. The variables and the parameters of the adjusted gas production curves were analyzed as repeated measurements (each treatment was evaluated more than once over time) through the PROC MIXED of SAS (version 9.0) and the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) as the method of estimation of parameters. Four structures of variance and covariance were tested: VC: (variance components); CS: (compound symmetry); AR (1): (auto regressive of first order) and UN: (unstructured). The structure of the R matrix was chosen considering the lowest value of the corrected Akaike information criterion (AICC). Regression analysis was performed for the variables: DM, CP, EE, NDF, ash, and for the parameter k2 of the bicompartimental model. DM and NDF concentrations increased linearly, CP and the estimations of the parameter k2 reduced linearly and the EE concentration showed a cubic behavior in function of the age of harvest. FDA, lignin and other parameters of the Schofield model were not influenced by the age o harvest.
Santos, Rodrigo Sampaio dos. "Herança da resistência parcial à ferrugem da folha em seis populações de aveia (Avena sativa L.)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17327.
Full textCrow rust is the main and most destructive oat disease. Partial resistance to crown rust is a potentially more durable alternative to major gene resistance. This study aimed to determine the inheritance of partial resistance to crown rust in oat Brazilian genotypes and characterize the disease development progress on segregating populations. This study was conducted in Eldorado do Sul, Southern Brazil, on segregating populations, derived from the cross between partially resistant lines, developed by the UFRGS Oat Breeding Program, and the susceptible variety URS 22. Six F2 populations were evaluated in 2007 and two F2:3 populations were assessed in 2008. Partially resistant genotypes showed slow disease progress, as a result of the reduced rate of disease increase. Quantitative inheritance, due to additive gene action, was found to control partial resistance to crown rust on oats. A number between 3 to 9 loci seems to control this trait. On average, a total number of 6.9 loci explained the observed variation, corresponding 5.5 major loci and 1.4 modifier loci, on average. In one of the populations, one of the less resistant, the resistance was overcome during the duration of the study. While in another, with the highest level of partial resistance, which was probably controlled by 6 major and 2 minor loci, there indication of resistance breakdown in one of the major loci, without affecting the overall resistance level of the parental resistant genotype. Although high levels of resistance have been found in both parental and in segregating genotypes, there is evidence that the partial resistance overcoming may occur faster in environments highly favorable to the disease development, as Southern Brazil. Medium to high heritability estimates were found in partial resistance to oat crown rust, indicating that the selection to this trait can start as early as the F2 and F3 generations. Also, concomitant selection to other agronomic traits seems appropriate, since there was no strong association between partial resistance to oat crown rust and plant height, cycle and resistance to stem rust.
Zambonato, Felipe. "Caracterização fenotípica e genética da resistência parcial à ferrugem da folha em aveia (Avena sativa L.)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/30115.
Full textCrown rust of oat, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, is the most important oat disease in terms of yield reduction. The partial type of genetic resistance is one of the most promising strategies for durable resistance for this disease. The objective of this work was to phenotypically and genotypically characterize the partial resistance to crown rust in Brazilian oat genotypes under field conditions. A preliminary field trial was carried out with 40 inbred lines derived of URS 21 in 2009 and then an experiment using six generations of the cross URS 21 x URS 22 (P1, P2, F1, F2, RC1, RC2) was installed in 2010. After measuring the severity of the disease in plants individually, the Area Under the Disease Progress Curve Normalized and Corrected (AUDPCNC) was determined and then the genetic estimates of the mean, variances, heritabilities (broad and narrow sense) and number of genes governing the characteristic were obtained. The results showed that the progenies of the cross involving the variety URS 21 had high level of resistance and no yield reduction were observed in the absence of fungicide. However, the treatment with fungicide increased the test weight and the 1000 seed weight. The AUDPCNC of the parents were different, the F1 generation showed a deviation from the mid-parent value and the F2 showed a distribution of frequencies close to the normal curve. According to the genetic analysis, there is a partial dominance for the resistance, although the additive effects were important and of high magnitude. The heritability was high, which means that the character is transmissible and selection on early generations is probable efficient. The data suggested five loci controlling the character partial resistance to oat crown ruts (loci A, B, C, D and E), A and B having major effects and C, D and E having minor effects over the phenotype. Furthermore, locus A represents a susceptibility gene, inherited on a recessive form (“aa”) and controlling the other loci.
Marini, Naciele. "Avaliação de genótipos de aveia (Avena sativa L.) para o caráter tolerância ao estresse por inundação." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2009. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1183.
Full textThe white oat crop (Avena sativa L.) has become an important player in the winter cropping system in Southern Brazil and is pointed out as the major alternative for wheat farmers in cropping rotation. Lowland soils of Southern Brazil represent an area of about 5.4 million hectares which are almost exclusively cultivated with rice as a summer crop. The development and yield of other species is harmed by low drainage conditions and lack of oxygen in the soil. Therefore, there is a need to provide alternative crops for winter cultivation in these regions, such as oat cultivars with high adaptation to this environment and, at the same time, with ability to maintain a high grain yield potential. Thus, the goal of this work was to investigate the response of oat cultivars from different breeding programs regarding the tolerance and sensitivity to flooding. Morph physiological characters were measured in order to screen genotypes and to select potential parents for crossing blocks. Forty oat genotypes were subjected to different flooding alternated with draining periods on the greenhouse. The experimental design adopted was random blocks, with three replications, where each observation unit consisted of a pot containing three plants. The results indicate the presence of genetic variability for the character flooding tolerance on greenhouse conditions. Under flooding conditions, the genotypes URS20 UPFA23 and UPF15 displayed better performances in the first year of the experiment, de ting that they are more tolerant to stress by flooding. While in the second year the genotypes UFRGS19, UFRGS037382 and ALBASUL obtained the best performance. Showing great sensitivity to stress during the two years of the experiment are the genotypes UPFA20, UFRGS0171 and UPF94H100, these genotypes could be used to form blocks of crosses.These genotypes could be used to form a mapping population and to perform additional genetic studies.
A cultura da aveia branca (Avena sativa L.) tem assumido importante papel como cultivo de estação fria no sistema de produção do sul do Brasil e é apontada como uma das alternativas para o cultivo de inverno, em rotação de cultivo com o trigo. Os solos de várzea ou solos hidromórficos do sul do Brasil representam uma área aproximada de 5,4 milhões de hectares, destinados quase que exclusivamente para o cultivo do arroz. O desenvolvimento e a produção de outras espécies são prejudicados devido à falta de oxigênio livre no solo. Portanto há necessidade de fornecer a esses ambientes, novas alternativas de cultivos como, cultivares de aveia branca que apresentem elevada adaptação nestas condições de cultivo, e, ao mesmo tempo, com capacidade de manter elevado potencial de rendimento de grãos. Desta forma, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi verificar a possibilidade de caracterizar genótipos de aveia branca quanto à tolerância e sensibilidade ao estresse por inundação do solo com base em caracteres morfológicos, a fim de propiciar indicações de cultivo de cultivares tolerantes para ambientes de terras baixas ou mesmo selecionar genótipos para comporem blocos de cruzamentos. Para este fim, 40 genótipos de aveia branca foram submetidos a diferentes períodos de inundação intercalados com drenagem em casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, onde cada unidade de observação foi composta por um recipiente contendo três plantas. Os resultados indicam que é possível a detecção de variabilidade genética para o caráter tolerância ao alagamento em casa de vegetação. Em condições de alagamento do solo, os genótipos URS20, UPFA23 e UPF15 apresentaram melhor desempenho no primeiro ano do experimento, demonstrando serem os mais tolerantes ao estresse por inundação. Enquanto que no segundo ano os genótipos UFRGS19, UFRGS037382 e ALBASUL obtiveram o melhor desempenho. Demonstraram maior sensibilidade ao estresse durante os dois anos de experimento estão os genótipos UPFA20, UFRGS0171 e UPF94H100 sugerindo estes genótipos como possíveis genitores para comporem blocos de cruzamentos.
Barbosa, Marta Martins. "Genética e mapeamento molecular da resistência parcial à ferrugem da folha da aveia (Avena sativa L.)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/1561.
Full textOliveira, Paulo Henrique de. "Herança genética e mapeamento molecular da tolerância à toxidade do alumínio em aveia (Avena sativa L.)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/1566.
Full textBeber, Rosane Costa. "Caracterização física e química de genótipos brasileiros de Avena sativa L :." Florianópolis, SC, 1996. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/76501.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-16T10:57:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
As cultivares de Avena sativa L., mais difundidas nacionalmente, foram analisadas buscando-se caracteriza-las física e quimicamente correlacionando as variáveis estudadas, com os fatores genéticos, locais de cultivo e ano. Baseados nas médias dos resultados de dois anos consecutivos observou-se que, proteína, amido, fibras, cinzas, lipídios, b-glucanas e rendimento industrial são alterados de acordo com as interações entre o genótipo, local de cultivo e ano. O mesmo não ocorreu com dados relativos a tamanho e forma dos grãos, que apenas sofreram variações devido ao genótipo. O tamanho e forma dos grãos foram correlacionados com dados de rendimento, peso de mil sementes, peso hectolítrico e alguns dados de composição. O teor protéico foi correlacionado com dados meteorológicos e outras variáveis composicionais. Este trabalho permitiu identificar cultivares que podem ser recomendados para usos específicos, buscando-se potencializar os efeitos nutricionais da aveia.
Hulasare, Rajshekhar Bhimashankar. "Drying characteristics and moisture isotherms of hulless oats, Avena sativa L." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq23348.pdf.
Full textLago, Bruno Cocco. "Eficiência de uso do K em razão do sistema de adubação na rotação aveia-milho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-21032014-103624/.
Full textPotassium (K) is the second most required nutrient for corn. Farmers that grow corn in no-tillage system (NTS) have been anticipated on oats crop the K fertilizer amount that should be applied in corn crop. The adoption of early fertilization system is related to cost reduction and the possibility of the main crop establishment in the period recommended by the agroclimatic zoning. This research aims to evaluate the K use efficiency from the fertilizer with the tracer Rubidium (85Rb), according to potassium fertilization systems in oat-corn rotation. The experiments were conducted in Guarapuava-PR and Taquarituba-SP between April 2012 and April 2013, in soils with high content of K. Potassium use efficiency from the fertilizer was determined in the following fertilization systems: K on oat tillering, K in corn pre-sowing, K in corn sowing, K topdressing in stage V3, and K topdressing in stages V3 (50%) and V6 (50%). The fertilization systems were randomized into four blocks, in both experiments. The system of K fertilization was applied pre-sowing corn, between 15 and 30 days, was more efficient in the use of K from the fertilizer without damaging productivity.
Sandrin, Raceli. "Caracterização físico-química de diferentes frações da aveia (Avena sativa L.) e atividade antioxidante de seus extratos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/122576.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T17:06:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 324091.pdf: 4477046 bytes, checksum: 3e9242a53937a0b4d1a99ce7ec041fc7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
A aveia (Avena sativa L.) é um cereal de estrutura diferenciada dos demais. Apresenta alto teor lipídico distribuído por todo o grão, com constituição predominante de ácidos graxos insaturados. Também contém alto conteúdo proteico e de fibras alimentares, sendo a mais conhecida a fibra solúvel ß-glucana. Contudo, os compostos antioxidantes fenólicos da aveia vêm sendo fonte de interesse devido às suas ações benéficas à saúde. Estes têm a sua concentração e composição afetadas por fatores genéticos, condições de cultivo e processamento a que os grãos são submetidos antes do consumo. Foram avaliadas cinco diferentes frações que compõem o cereal aveia do cultivar URS 21: Aveia descascada (AD), Flocos de aveia (FA), Farelo de aveia (OB), Aveia maltada (AM) e Casca de aveia (CA). Análises de composição química, estabilidade enzimática e de propriedades antioxidantes foram realizadas. Utilizou-se microscopia eletrônica de varredura com o objetivo de conhecer e diferenciar as estruturas internas de cada fração analisada e análise de FTIR para determinar a composição e cada fração. E no intuito de estudar a composição e atividade dos compostos fenólicos, diferentes tipos de extração foram realizadas: com solvente etanol aquoso (80%, pH 2,0) à temperatura de 50°C, com solvente etanol aquoso (80%) e ondas de ultrassom à temperatura ambiente, extração supercrítica (300 bar, 50°C) e extração supercrítica com co-solvente etanol (300 bar, 50°C, vazão de solvente 1,05 mL/min) . Os extratos foram avaliados com teste acelerado de estufa aplicados em óleo de soja. Os experimentos foram planejados ao acaso e os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível 5% de significância. Os resultados foram bastante significativos principalmente para os extratos obtidos em banho-maria a 50°C, sendo os maiores conteúdos de fenólicos encontrado nas amostras AM e CA de 1162,15 e 316,81 mg EAG/100 g respectivamente. A análise de atividade antioxidante apresentou % de descoloração superior para a amostra AM de 2,56% e na sequência AD, CA e OB com 18,31%, 18,77% e 20,15% respectivamente. Não sendo significativa a atividade antioxidante da amostra FA com 39,65% de descoloração do radical DPPH. As amostras que foram tratadas termicamente tiveram redução na concentração de fenóis e atividade antioxidante. Porém o processo de maltagem aumentou consideravelmente o conteúdo de fenólicos e a atividade antioxidante. Todos os extratos tiveram bom desempenho no teste acelerado de oxidação, retardando o processo oxidativo quando comparados com a amostra branco (sem adição de nenhum extrato) e obtendo desempenho semelhante ao mix da antioxidantes sintéticos BHA/BHT.
Abstract : Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a cereal with differentiated structure of others cereals. It presents high lipid content distributed throughout the grain, with predominant formation of unsaturated fatty acids. It also contains a high content of protein and dietary fiber, being ß-glucan the most known soluble fiber. However, the phenolic antioxidants compounds in oats have been a source of interest due to their benefits to health. They have the concentration and composition affected by genetic factors, growth conditions and the processing that the grains are subjected before consumption. We evaluated five different fractions that make up the cereal oat cultivar URS 21: Hulled oats (AD), Rolled Oats (FA), oat bran (OB), Malted Oats (AM) and Oat hulls (CA). Chemical composition analysis, enzyme stability and antioxidant properties were performed. Scanning electron microscopy was used in order to understand and differentiate the internal structures of each fraction analyzed and FTIR analysis to determine the composition of each fraction. In order to study the composition and activity of phenolic compounds, different types of extraction were performed: using organic solvent aqueous ethanol (80%, pH 2,0) at a temperature of 50 ° C, using organic solvent aqueous ethanol (80%) with ultrasound waves at room temperature and supercritical extraction (300 bar, 50°C) and supercritical extraction with co-solvent ethanol (300 bar, 50°C, solvent flow rate 1,05 mL/min). The extracts were evaluated using schall oven test applied in soy oil. Experiments were planned at random and the results were submitted to analysis of variance. The averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% significance. The results were quite significant mainly for the extracts obtained in water bath at 50°C, and the highest phenolics content found in samples MA and CA, 1162.15 and 316.81 mg EAG/100 g respectively. The analysis of antioxidant activity showed % discoloration highest for the sample AM of 2.56% and following by AD, AC and OB with 18.31%, 18.77% and 20.15% respectively. No significant antioxidant activity of the sample FA with 39.65% of DPPH discoloration. The samples which were heat treated decreased the phenolics concentration and antioxidant activity. But the malting process greatly increased the phenolic content and antioxidant activity. All extracts had good performance in the accelerated oxidation test, delaying the oxidation process as compared to the blank sample (without addition of any extract) and obtaining similar performance to mix the synthetic antioxidants BHA / BHT.
Antonow, Diovane. "Determinação de caracteres associados à qualidade física e eficiência de descasque dos grãos de aveia (Avena sativa L.)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/101508.
Full textThe physical quality of oat grains is an important trait to the crop for the reason that it determines the milling yield, which is as important for the grain millers as the grain yield is for the farmer. Among the traits related to the oat grain physical quality stand out the test weight, the percentage of grains larger than 2 mm and the caryopsis percentage. In Brazil, there are few scientific studies seeking to assess the relationships between agronomic traits and grain physical quality to grain dehulling efficiency on oats. Thus, the objectives of this study were to characterize oat genotypes (Avena sativa L.) regarding to traits related to grain physical quality and dehulling efficiency, as well as understand the associations between these traits with other agronomic and grain related traits. Two experiments were conducted in the years 2011 and 2012, in Eldorado do Sul, RS, the first one consisted of 29 oat cultivars derived from the UFRGS Oat Breeding Program and two North American oat cultivars, adapted to Southern Brazil, used as controls. The second experiment was composed by 45 oat lines and five oat cultivars. Experimental variation components and means were estimated for agronomic and grain physical quality traits, as well as the associations among these characters. Significant difference between the years of cultivation was detected for the two experiments, grain yield was the more variable trait between years and the traits related to grain size showed the lower variation. The oat lines and cultivars developed from the 1990s up showed higher values for the traits related to grain quality and dehulling efficiency. The oat cultivar URS Taura was the most stable genotype for these characteristics, in the two years of experimentation. In general, test weight was the trait with the largest positive influence on the percentage of caryopsis, the potential dehulling efficiency and dehulling facility. While larger grains tended to have lower dehulling potential efficiency and dehulling facility. Oat genotypes superior for these two grain quality traits showed to be the result of complex combination of different characteristics associated with grain quality.
Lÿbaert, Anissa. "Sequence and gene expression variability in cultivars of oat (Avena sativa L.)." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102999.
Full textAnderson, Chris. "Genetic analysis of oil content and composition in oat, Avena sativa L." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62684.pdf.
Full textBenazir, Katarina Marquez. "Molecular Marker Applications in Oat (Avena Sativa L.) Breeding and Germplasm Diagnostics." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31148.
Full textNava, Itamar Cristiano. "Estratégias de avaliação e herança da tolerância ao alumínio tóxico em linhagens recombinantes de aveia (Avena sativa L.)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5260.
Full textCover, Carolina. "Caracterização fenotípica e genotípica de caracteres agronômicos em uma população de linhagens recombinantes de aveia (Avena sativa L.)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26478.
Full textThe genetic improvement of oats requires selection of multiple quantitative and qualitative traits. Knowledge of the genomic regions controlling them makes possible the adoption of marker-assisted selection, a supporting technique to conventional breeding. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify genomic regions responsible for quantitative traits loci (QTLs) associated with molecular maker previously identified. The experiment was conducted in 2008 and 2009 and employed a population of 150 recombinant inbred lines of oats from the cross between the oat genotypes UFRGS 8 and UFRGS 930605. QTL mapping was carried out by composite interval analysis. In the first year, 2008, 34 QTLs were identified, which were distributed in nine linkage groups, covering 10 of 11 traits studied. In 2009, 22 QTLs were detected for 11 of 12 traits analyzed, which were also distributed in nine linkage groups. Phenotypic variation explained by the QTLs ranged from 6.15% to 34.85%. QTLs with important effect on the phenotypic variance were identified for traits of interest in oat breeding programs, such as plant height, number of days to flowering, test weight, thousand grain weight, grain yield, panicle weight and number of grains per panicle. QTLs affecting different traits were identified in the same genomic region, i.e., linked to the same molecular markers. Several of these traits also revealed significant phenotypic correlations. Most QTLs were detected in only one of the two years of evaluation. Even though, some QTLs, such as those associated with plant height, were detected in both years. The results generated in this work provide a better understanding of the genetic basis controlling traits of interest, which can be useful for oat breeding programs. However, these results should be validated in other populations in order to allow the marker-assisted selection to be successful.
Crestani, Maraisa. "Genótipos de aveia branca (Avena sativa L.) submetidos a diferentes protocolos e doses de alumínio em cultivo hidropônico." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2008. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2080.
Full textThe ability to perform experiments under controlled conditions employment of evaluations in controlled environment such as hydroponic culture has attracted crop breeders attention regarding the selection of aluminum (Al) tolerant plants. This strategy facilitates the detection of plant injuries in early stages of development, representing a non-destructive method. Also, the results obtained are highly correlated to field performances of tested genotypes. Different methods have been used to study aluminum tolerance in hydroponic conditions. However, it is necessary to improve the understanding of these techniques in order to optimize their efficiency. Stalling of root growth has become the basis of major procedures evaluating aluminum tolerance of white oat genotypes in hydroponic culture. However, the expression of other characters in plantlets can be associated to tolerance and may turn out to facilitate the indirect selection for this character. Also, this could lead to the adoption of analyses involving all morphological characters. Therefore, standard white oat genotypes were subjected to different methods and Al levels under hydroponic conditions aiming to establish the most effective technique to identify superior aluminum tolerant plants based on root length. In addition, this study aimed to verify the relationship between plantlet characters and their performance in the aluminum tolerance characterization using multivariate statistics. The experimental design was complete randomized blocks with three replications, using three methods: complete nutrient solution with 0, 8, 16 and 32 mg L-1 of Al supplied as Al2(SO4)3.18H2O; complete nutrient solution with 0, 8, 16 and 32 mg L-1 of Al supplied as Al2Cl3.6H2O; and the minim nutrient solution with 0, 1, 3 and 5 mg L-1 of Al supplied as Al2Cl3.6H2O. The complete nutrient solution methods are efficient to identify aluminum tolerant white oat genotypes based on root length. The performance of the plantlet characters is highly correlated with root length in white oat genotypes subjected to the aluminum stress under hydroponic conditions. The nutrient composition and the Al sources employed influence the plant responses. The study based on the joint analysis of plantlet characters does not allow the efficient discrimination of white oats genotypes regarding their level of aluminum tolerance in hydroponic culture when there is a relationship of dependence between the variables.
O emprego de avaliações em ambiente controlado, como o cultivo hidropônico, tem despertado grande interesse dos melhoristas na seleção de plantas tolerantes ao alumínio (Al), pois além da fácil visualização do dano em estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento das plantas, representa um método não destrutivo e que fornece resultados altamente correlacionados aos obtidos em condições de campo. Diferentes metodologias de avaliação quanto à tolerância ao Al em condições de hidroponia têm sido adotadas. No entanto, se faz necessário um entendimento mais aprimorado destas técnicas de seleção a fim de otimizar a obtenção de genótipos tolerantes. A restrição do crescimento radicular tem se tornado a base dos procedimentos de avaliação da tolerância ao Al em aveia branca sob cultivo hidropônico, contudo, a análise da expressão de outros caracteres em nível de plântula pode viabilizar a seleção indireta para este caráter, ou mesma a adoção de análises envolvendo vários caracteres morfológicos simultaneamente. Neste sentido, cultivares de aveia branca padrão para a tolerância ao Al foram submetidas a diferentes protocolos e doses de Al em condições de hidroponia visando determinar a técnica mais efetiva na identificação de plantas superiores para o caráter tolerância ao Al com base no comprimento de raiz, além de verificar a relação entre caracteres em nível de plântula e o desempenho simultâneo na discriminação da tolerância ao Al pelo emprego de estatística multivariada. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o completamente casualizado com três repetições, adotando três protocolos de avaliação: solução nutritiva completa tendo Al fornecido na fonte Al2(SO4)3.18H2O, nos níveis 0, 8, 16 e 32 mg L-1 de Al; solução nutritiva completa e Al adicionado no sal AlCl3.6H2O; e o protocolo solução nutritiva mínima , com Al fornecido na fonte AlCl3.6H2O, nos níveis 0, 1, 3 e 5 mg L-1. Os protocolos caracterizados pela adoção de Al à solução nutritiva completa por meio de distintas fontes são altamente eficientes na identificação de genótipos de aveia branca tolerantes e sensíveis ao Al tóxico com base no comprimento da raiz em condições de hidroponia. O desempenho dos caracteres de plântula está altamente relacionado com o comprimento de raiz em aveia branca quando submetidos ao efeito tóxico do Al em condições de hidroponia, sendo que a composição da solução nutritiva e as fontes de Al empregadas interferem nesta relação. O estudo com base na análise conjunta dos caracteres em nível de plântula não permite a eficiente discriminação de genótipos de aveia branca quanto à tolerância ao Al tóxico em cultivo hidropônico quando há relação de dependência entre as variáveis consideradas.
Günther-Jordanland, Kirsten [Verfasser]. "Molekulare Charakterisierung der wertgebenden Bitterstoffe in Hafer (Avena sativa L.) / Kirsten Günther-Jordanland." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1192567471/34.
Full textHeise, Esther Marie [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zu Arabinogalactan-Proteinen aus Triticum aestivum L., Secale cereale L. und Avena sativa L. / Esther Marie Göllner." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1019867221/34.
Full textJiménez, Cuevas Hector Daniel, and Granados Francisco Javier Garduño. "DETERMINACIÓN DE LA CURVA DE DILUCIÓN DE NITRÓGENO EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE MATERIA SECA DE AVENA FORRAJERA (Avena sativa L.)." Tesis de Licenciatura, UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE MEXICO, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/109918.
Full textEl objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la curva de dilución de nitrógeno en avena forrajera para valles altos. Durante el ciclo invierno-primavera de 2019 se evaluaron en el valle de Toluca, tres variedades de avena (Avemex, Karma y Obsidiana) bajo cuatro dosis de N (0, 60, 120 y 240 Kg N ha-1) en un experimento bifactorial bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones en condiciones de riego. Se determinó el rendimiento de materia seca (RMS) y el contenido de N en cuatro etapas de corte (encañe, embuche, antesis y grano lechoso-masoso); Con estos datos se realizó un análisis de crecimiento y se determinó la curva de dilución de nitrógeno para cada variedad. Adicionalmente, durante del ciclo de cultivo se registró el índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada (NDVI) y el contenido de clorofila foliar en unidades SPAD. Los máximos rendimientos de materia seca se obtuvieron con las dosis de 120 y 240 kg ha-1 durante la etapa de grano lechoso masoso. La dosis de N afectó positivamente a los índices de crecimiento, a los valores de NDVI, y a los valores de SPAD, observándose mejores patrones de respuesta en las variedades Obsidiana y Karma, las cuales mantuvieron mayor cobertura de hojas verdes durante mayor tiempo, sin embargo, Avemex mostró mayor contenido de clorofila foliar en las últimas etapas de corte. Las variedades mostraron diferente patrón de respuesta en el contenido de N en función a la materia seca producida. Obsidiana mostró mayor tasa de dilución de N y mayor requerimiento de N para producir 1 t ha-1 de materia seca. El índice de nutrición de nitrógeno mostró su mayor valor en Karma y Obsidiana en las primeras etapas de corte con las dosis más altas de N, mientras que Avemex no tuvo una respuesta definida a la dosis de N y etapa de corte. Los resultados obtenidos indican que las curvas de dilución de N, el registro del índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada y el contenido de clorofila en unidades SPAD pueden utilizarse como eficientemente para el diagnóstico del estatus nutricional referido a nitrógeno en avena forrajera a través de las etapas del periodo vegetativo.
Negrini, Ana Clarissa Alves. "Desempenho de alface (Lactuca sativa L.) consorciada com diferentes adubos verdes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-08082007-163839/.
Full textThe agricultural production systems currently used are in most cases ecologically impacting and use high amounts of natural resources. Within this context, vegetable production is an activity characterized by intensive land use and high demand for farm inputs, requiring the adoption of an agroecological management approach for sustaining its production. Thus, with the environmental crisis which the planet is in, it is necessary to search for healthy agriculture methods. With the purpose of evaluating the viability of joining two sustainable agriculture practices, the present work aimed at studying the effect of intercropping green manures with lettuce in its performance. A randomized complete blocks design, with six replicates was used. Treatments consisted of lettuce intercropped in rows in additive design with the green manures black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.), cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). Intercropping was established in four different green manure sowing dates (60, 40, 20 and 0) prior to lettuce transplanting. Measurements in lettuce included fresh weight, dry weight, number of leaves, diameter of head, length of head, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root length and length of bolting plants. Measurements in green manures included fresh and dry weight. The monocropped lettuces had a better performance than the intercropped ones in most evaluated parameters. Green manure species and sowing date prior to lettuce transplant had different effects on the vegetable performance. Among the green manures, white lupin resulted in a better intercropped lettuce performance compared to cowpea. The simultaneous lettuce and green manures planting resulted in a better vegetable performance. When the green manures were sowed 40 days before lettuce transplanting the vegetable had its worst performance for most evaluated parameters.
Nunes, Sibila Trojahn. "Caracterização do progresso da doença e herança da resistência à mancha negra (Pyrenophora chaetomioides Speg.) em aveia branca (Avena sativa L.)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/104856.
Full textBlack leaf spot, caused by the fungus Pyrenophora chaetomioides, is one of the major diseases on oats. Black leaf spots symptoms are characterized by dark lesions which expand over time. This study aimed to characterize the disease progress, to estimate the inheritance of the resistance to black leaf spot and analyze three methodologies for assessing resistance to this disease. The experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013, at the Agronomic Experiment Station of UFRGS. In 2012, the progress of the disease was evaluated in two F2 segregating populations, through the analysis of digital images of a six cm long segment at the central area of the of flag leaf-1 laminae. The severity of black spots was estimated through the software ASSESS. In 2013, the disease progress was estimated on 34 oat genotypes, using three evaluation methodologies: by visual estimation of the disease severity on all flag leaf-1 laminae, visual evaluation of a central segment of the flag leaf-1 laminae and by the analysis of digital images of the same central segment. In the two years, black leaf spot severity was assessed weekly and, from these data, the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was estimated. In 2012, for the parental genotypes and F2 populations the severity progress curve and infection rate were also estimated. In the two segregating populations, genetic variability for the characters AUDPC and rate of infection was shown. The genetic control of the trait AUDPC was estimated as due to two dominant epistatic loci in the population 1. Whereas, in population 2, the control of the trait infection rate was estimated as due to a dominant locus. Broad sense heritabilities were estimated as 0.40 for the ASPCD trait, in population 1, and as 0.76 for the infection rate trait, in population 2. Based on the results from the experiment conducted in 2013, it was verified a strong association between AUDPC values obtained from the two methodologies of evaluation of the central segment of the leaf laminae. Therefore, visual evaluation of severity is an adequate methodology, besides of being a quick and easy one to carry out. It was also verified that the analysis of only a central segment tends to underestimate the severity that occurred on the whole leaf laminae. In addition, the difference in the classification of genotypes for the resistance suggests that severity must be estimated for the whole leaf laminae and not just for a central segment.
Humphreys, David Gavin. "A study of agronomic, genetic and environmental influences on oat (avena sativa L.) grain quality." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28465.
Full textFresard, Campos Andrea Lorena. "Efecto del consumo agudo de β-glucanos de avena (Avena sativa L.) sobre la saciedad y parámetros metabólicos, en sujetos aparentemente sanos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/143974.
Full textβ-glucans (βG) are high molecular weight polymers of glucose forming part of soluble fiber fraction in cereals like oat and barley. Their intake over 3g/d decreases cholesterolemia through bile acids elimination and hepatic cholesterol 7-α-hydroxylase activation. The effect of βG on satiety and the digestive hormones implicated in appetite regulation has not been widely studied. In the present study, the effect of the acute intake of food-containing oat βG on the orocecal transit time (OCTT), the subjective sensation of appetite and the postprandial plasmatic concentrations of digestive hormones, glucose, 7-α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (7-α-HC), a metabolite associated with 7-α-hydroxylase activation, was determined in healthy subjects. A double blind, randomized, controlled and crossover study was carried out in 14 subjects aged 20-40y. Fasted subjects had to ingest a breakfast including 200mL of free-lactose milk, 2 cereal bars and 2 biscuits (~400Kcal), with or without a total of 5,2g βG (MW>1.500kDa). Blood samples were taken at 0h, 30min and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8h, to determine changes in the plasma concentrations of ghrelin, C-peptide, insulin, leptin, GIP, PP, GLP-1, PYY, amylin and glucagon (LUMINEX), glucose (Accucheck Active) and 7-α-HC (LC/MSMS). Breath concentrations of H2 were also determined every 15min to determine their OCTT, and appetite was evaluated through visual analogue scale (VAS). OCTT was determined only in 6 hydrogen-producers subjects; it was significantly increased (p=0,034) with βG compared with the placebo. During the βG period, the postprandial plasmatic concentrations (Area under the curve, AUC) of C-peptide, insulin, ghrelin and glucose were significantly lower (p=0,045; p=0,024; p=0,0022; p=0,002, respectively), while that of GIP and PP AUC increased (p=0,001 and p=0,016, respectively) and that of amylin, PYY, GLP-1, leptin, glucagon and 7-α-HC remained unaffected. No significant differences were observed on the evolution of subjective hunger, satiety, fullness and quantity of
ANAYA, TACUBA JOSE DANIEL 329291, and TACUBA JOSE DANIEL ANAYA. "Cambios en el peso de grano afectados por la manipulación fuente-demanda en variedades de avena (avena sativa l.) Para valles altos." Tesis de maestría, UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE MEXICO, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/71040.
Full textEn los cultivos anuales el rendimiento de grano es un carácter complejo cuya generación y determinación se puede estudiar principalmente a través del análisis de sus componentes fisiológicos (biomasa e índice de cosecha) y numéricos (número de granos y peso individual de grano). En el caso de la avena (Avena sativa L.) se sabe poco sobre cuáles son los mecanismos ecofisiologicos que afectan al rendimiento y crecimiento del grano. En la presente investigación el objetivo general fue evaluar el efecto de la manipulación fuente-demanda en la generación del rendimiento de grano y sus componentes fisiológicos y numéricos en dos variedades de avena de valles altos. El trabajo se estableció en condiciones de secano en Toluca, México, con las variedades Avemex y Obsidiana sometidas a cinco tratamientos de manipulación fuente-demanda a partir de la antesis (T1. raleo de surcos, T2. desespiguillado, T3. Defoliación, T4. Sombreo T5. Testigo). Los tratamientos fuente-demanda indujeron variaciones importantes en los componentes fisiológicos y numéricos del rendimiento de grano de las dos variedades de avena, demostrando que la limitación de asimilados después de antesis reducen la capacidad de fijación de las flores fértiles y el número potencial de granos a madurez fisiológica. La variedad Obsidiana superó significativamente a la variedad Avemex en rendimiento y peso individual de grano. Las reducciones en la fuente de asimilados mediante sombreo o defoliado disminuyeron significativamente el número de granos e incrementaron indirectamente el peso individual de grano. La tasa de llenado fue el componente del crecimiento que explicó en mayor medida las variaciones observadas en el peso individual de los granos. En las dos variedades de avena el número de granos por unidad de superficie fue el principal responsable de las variaciones observadas en el rendimiento de grano. Esta investigación muestra que existen atributos ecofisiológicos en avena que pueden aumentar la expresión de los componentes fisiológicos y numéricos que determinan del rendimiento potencial de grano en avena de valles altos.
El presente trabajo de investigación fue financiado por la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, a través del proyecto “VARIACIÓN EN DESARROLLO Y CRECIMIENTO EN VARIEDADES ANTIGUAS Y MODERNAS DE AVENA PARA VALLES ALTOS” con número de convenio 2747/2009/E; así como la beca concedida por el consejo nacional de ciencia y tecnología (2009-2011).
Peretti, Jaidson. "Variáveis fisiológicas, valor nutricional e cinética de degradação ruminal da aveia branca (Avena sativa L.) sob diferentes níveis de adubação nitrogenada." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1520.
Full textWe determined the physiological variables (experiment 1) of three oat genotypes (Avena sativa L) and the nutritional value and the gas production kinetics of cultivar IPR 126 (experiment 2), fertilized at levels of 0, 180, 360 and 720 kg N/ha. In experiment 1 we evaluated the assimilation and the rate of intracellular CO2 concentration, photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, leaf/stem ratio, number of tillers/plant, number of leaves/tiller, leaf area, and the production of biomass of the three genotypes. The experimental design was a factorial 3 x 4 (species and nitrogen dose), with three repetitions, performing variance analysis and comparison of means by Duncan test at 5% significance level. There was no statistical difference between the three cultivars for any variable, but cutting time showed statistical significance, and the best conditions were obtained in the second cut. In experiment 2 were determined the chemical composition of cultivar IPR 126 and the estimation parameters of the two-compartment logistic model for gas production kinetics (Vf1, Vf2, K1, K2 and λ). The experimental design was randomized blocks, and the Corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICC) was used for choosing the best matrix of variance and covariance. The level of fertilization caused a linear increase in the CP content and linear reduction in TC content. The parameter λ varied in a quadratic pattern according to the level of fertilization. The other nutrient contents and kinetic parameters did not show significant variance in the treatments. The asymptotic phase of protein concentration was not reached, even using high doses of nitrogen.
Tafernaberri, Junior Vilmar. "Avaliação agronômica e caracterização morfológica de linhagens de Avena sativa L. e Avena strigosa S. em duas regiões fisiográficas do Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/90295.
Full textIn the Southern region of Brazil, oat has been often used, due to its characteristics, such as nutritional value, not only for human nutrition, but also for animal nutrition. However, there are a few cultivars of white oat (Avena sativa L.) that have the objective of forage production, as well as a few cultivars of black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb) in the market. As a result, the seeds sold do not have a known genetic origin, receiving the “Common” denomination. Therefore, this study had as a goal to proceed with an initial evaluation of various strains of black and white oats, with the objective of characterizing the genetic diversity and the agronomic performance, identifying the promising genotypes for the release of cultivars, with the purpose of forage production. The experiments were conducted in two geographical regions of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Depressão Central and in the Campanha Gaúcha. In the evaluation of the potential yield of white oat strains, there was no interaction for the local factor, nor for the year; in the first year, the average value of yield in the Depressão Central and the Campanha Gaúcha, was 82,3 and 76,3 g m-1 of MST, respectively. In the second year of evaluation, the yields averages for this species in the Depressão Central and the Campanha Gaúcha were, 80,0 and 119,8 g m-1 of TDM, respectively. The strains of black oats were evaluated in rows in the first year and in plots in the second, presenting genotype X environment interaction. The region of Depressão Central was the most productive in the first yea and the Campanha Gaúcha was the most productive in the second year. The morphological characterization was made through morphological descriptors and the similarity among the strains was calculated by Euclidean distance, with the formation of three groups of white oats and four groups of black oats. The traits that most influenced the group formation, in the white oats, were the plant’s stature, width and length, and for the black oat it was necessary the use of all of the characteristics, in order to achieve the group formation. The agronomic evaluation was efficient to demonstrate that both species presented strains with potential to be used as forage plants.
Figueiró, Adriana de Andrade. "Aspectos moleculares e bioquímicos associados à resistência parcial à ferrugem da folha em Avena sativa L." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/71086.
Full textCrown rust caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae is the main disease of oats (Avena sativa L.) in the world. Traditionally, the resistance exploited by oat breeders completely prevents reproduction of the fungus on the host and it segregates as a single or a few genes, thus, it is rapidly overcome by the pathogen. For several decades, it has been suggested that the partial resistance can be more durable. The Brazilian oat cultivar URS 21 is partially resistant and has remained resistant to crown rust since its release 2000. This study aimed to identify the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the partial resistance of URS 21 to crown rust. Two susceptible and one completely resistant cultivar were used as control. URS 21 adult plants and seedlings inoculated with the pathogen showed increasing of total phenolics, with maximum value at 24 hours after inoculation (hai), however in URS 22 (susceptible) there was a later increase, at 120 hai, probably related to the fungus colonization. In URS 21, genes involved in production of avenantramids were up regulated after 24 hai. The increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds, peroxidase expression and accumulation of peroxide in the epidermis, was due to the action of peroxidases at 24 hai and indicated that structural synthesis of phenolic compounds was involved in partial resistance in URS 21. The decrease in peroxide production in URS 21, at 24 hai, may be related to the assembly of structural phenolics. Furthermore, the reduction in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in URS 21, at 24 hai, indicated that peroxide has been consumed by peroxidase and structural phenolics synthesis. After 48 hai, in resistant genotypes, fluorescent cells, indicative of cell death, were visualized. In inoculated URS 21 adult plants, an increase in the concentration of steroidal saponins was observed at 72 hai, while in URS 22 an increase was observed in this compound at 48 hai, about 15% of the maximum concentration found in URS 21, demonstrating the importance of this compound in partial resistance to crown rust in URS 21. Furthermore, gene expression and transcriptomics indicated the synthesis of avenacosides, a type of steroidal saponina, in URS 21. Several sequences generated by RNA sequencing were involved in secondary metabolism, oxidative stress, transcriptional regulation, transport, cell death and defense. The data suggest that phenolic compounds and saponins are the main defense mechanisms of partial resistance to crown rust in URS 21.
Luiz, Vanessa. "Estudo dos parâmetros ecofisiológicos para avaliação da qualidade de sementes de aveia branca (Avena sativa L.) produzidas na região sul do Brasil." Florianópolis, SC, 1999. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/80509.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-18T15:20:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 206350.pdf: 4095775 bytes, checksum: 8358e6fc53e2599772a35bc0846530be (MD5)
A qualidade das sementes durante o período da formação até atingir a maturação das sementes está sujeita à ação de várias condições ambientais, de origem natural ou antrópica, que poderão afetar a viabilidade e o vigor das sementes. Além destes fatores externos, o genotípico da planta também é um fator determinante para a qualidade resultante das sementes. Com o objetivo de detectar a influência de fatores ecológicos e genéticos na qualidade de sementes de aveia branca (Avena sativa L.) foi avaliada a qualidade fisiológica (germinação e vigor) e sanitária destas sementes. Para avaliar a qualidade fisiológica foram realizados testes de germinação e vigor (primeira contagem, velocidade de germinação e envelhecimento acelerado) utilizando-se sementes de cinco cultivares de aveia branca (UPF 15, UPF 16, UFRGS 15, UFRGS 16 e UFRGS 17) provenientes de três locais do Sul do Brasil (Campos Novos-SC, Guarapuava-PR e Passo Fundo-RS). Para avaliação da qualidade sanitária, as sementes foram analisadas através do método de "blotter-test", com o objetivo de detectar a presença de fungos patogênicos. Além destes testes, foram realizadas outras avaliações como o peso de mil sementes e a composição centesimal (teor de proteínas, lipídios e cinzas). Percebeu-se em todos os testes para a avaliação da qualidade das sementes a ocorrência de variação entre cultivares e locais. Esta variabilidade observada entre os três locais, para uma mesma cultivar, pode ter sido decorrente das variações ambientais ocorridas tanto por causa abiótica como biótica. A análise estatística para a avaliação da qualidade fisiológica revelou a existência de interação significativa genótipo x ambiente, sendo que as sementes provenientes do Paraná apresentaram as melhores porcentagens de germinação e vigor, destacando-se as cultivares UFRGS 15 e UFRGS 16. As sementes da cultivar UPF 16 (RS) apresentaram as menores porcentagens de germinação e vigor. A análise da qualidade sanitária das sementes revelou a presença de fungos patogênicos, sendo que o de maior ocorrência foi o fungo Drechslera avenae que é um dos principais agentes causais de manchas foliares e é transmitido, principalmente para os cultivos subsequentes, através de sementes infectadas. Sendo assim, de acordo com os resultados obtidos conclui-se que a qualidade das sementes de aveia branca analisadas foi influenciada por fatores genéticos e ambientais e pela interação dos mesmos, sendo que a presença de fungos patogênicos nas sementes comprovou a necessidade de estudos sobre a interação patógeno-hospedeiro e de maiores cuidados fitossanitários para que não ocorram prejuízos na qualidade das sementes e consequentemente no desenvolvimento inicial da plântula e da cultura. Desta forma, estudos que avaliem o desempenho de cultivares dentro de um agroecossistema serão cada vez mais eficientes se a importância relativa das complexas interações ecofisiológicas entre a planta e o meio forem determinadas e consideradas pelo homem.
Chang, Yu-Wei. "Isolation and characterization of protein fractions from chickpea («Cicer arietinum» L.) and oat («Avena sativa» L.) seeds using proteomic techniques." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95049.
Full textLes semences du pois chiche (Cicer arietinum L.) et de l'avoine (Avena sativa L.) sont d'importantes sources d'ingrédients protéiques dont les propriétés nutritionnelles, fonctionnelles et bioactives démontrent un grand potentiel. Les fractions protéiques ont été préparées à partir du pois chiche et de l'avoine par extraction séquentielle avec de l'eau distillée (albumine), une solution de NaCl (globuline) et une solution de NaOH (glutelines), respectivement. Les caractéristiques moléculaires des fractions de protéines individuelles ont été examinées par électrophorèse en gel de polyacrylamide (non dénaturante et SDS-PAGE, et 2-DGE) en combinaison avec la chromatographie en phase liquide à haute performance en phase inversée. Les séquences de peptides tryptiques ont été identifiées par des techniques protéomiques telles que la digestion de trypsine en gel unidimensionnelle, l'analyse chromatographique en phase liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem avec ionisation de type électrospray (LC-ESI-MS/MS), et la recherche d'ions MS/MS (Mascot). Les similarités séquentielles et la bioactivité potentielle des protéines ont été examinées sous analyse par BLAST et BIOPEP, respectivement. Les résultats de l'électrophorèse non dénaturante en gel de polyacrylamide démontrent que les fractions de globulines du pois chiche et d'avoine (C-Gb et O-Gb) contiennent des protéines correspondant aux légumines (11S) et avenaline (12S), respectivement. La SDS-PAGE révèle que les fractions d'albumine et de globuline de pois chiche (C-Ab et C-Gb) montrent des bandes protéiques ayant des poids moléculaires reliés à la légumine (11S) et le viciline de pois (7S) alors que la fraction de glutéline de pois chiche (C-Gt) montre des bandes protéiques avec des poids moléculaires reliés à la glutéline de riz; les fractions protéiques d'avoine (O-Ab, O-Gb et O-Gt) montrent de bandes protéiques avec des poids moléculaire
Rocha, Liane Murari 1984. "Comparação dos efeitos produzidos pelo consumo do grão de amaranto (Amaranthus cruentus L.) e de aveia (Avena sativa) em parâmetros da síndrome metabólica." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254503.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T20:15:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rocha_LianeMurari_M.pdf: 1432593 bytes, checksum: 24e7488e1f2f725796661cf483329250 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: A ingestão do grão de amaranto é conhecida por promover a redução dos níveis de colesterol no sangue. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do consumo diário de cookies de amaranto por adultos diagnosticados com síndrome metabólica (SM), sem promover outras alterações na dieta habitual destes. Participaram da pesquisa 18 indivíduos de ambos os gêneros, com idade entre 33 e 55 anos, diagnosticados com SM de acordo com o critério do National Cholesterol Education Program. Os participantes consumiram aleatoriamente 30g por dia de farinha de aveia ou amaranto na forma de cookies durante 30 dias. Em jejum, o colesterol total sérico total (CT), lipoproteína de baixa, muito baixa e elevada densidade (LDL-C, VLDLC e HDL-C), triacilglicerol, insulina e glicose foram medidos e o índice HOMA foi calculado antes e após a intervenção. Os participantes também foram pesados, tiveram sua circunferência abdominal e pressão arterial medidas nas fases inicial e final do estudo. Três dias de registros alimentares foram preenchidos a cada semana durante a intervenção. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à ANOVA e Wilcoxon, com significância estatística definida em P< 0,05. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada para os parâmetros analisados entre os grupos que consumiram aveia e amaranto. No entanto, ambos os grupos apresentaram níveis significativamente mais baixos de CT (-28mg/dL, p = 0,011 e -27.3mg/dL, p = 0,0209, para a aveia e amaranto, respectivamente.). O consumo de aveia promoveu a redução de HDL-C (-4.2mg/ dL, p = 0,013), enquanto o amaranto não apresentou esse efeito, mas diminuiu LDL-C (-19 mg/dL, p = 0,033). A pressão sistólica (-8mm Hg, p = 0.0117) e HOMA (-0,8, p = 0,036) diminuíram nos voluntários que consumiram amaranto. Uma modificação mínima na dieta típica brasileira com cookies de amaranto apresentou vantagem quando comparado à aveia com relação à diminuição dos níveis de colesterol sanguíneo e HOMA, no entanto, sem melhorar os parâmetros de SM
Abstract: Ingestion of amaranth grain is known to lower the levels of blood cholesterol. Here we wished to evaluate the effect of consuming a few cookies a day of amaranth by adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MS), without further changes of their normal diet. The diets of 18 subjects of both genders, aged 33 to 55 years, diagnosed with MS by the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program were randomly intervened by either consuming 30g/day of oatmeal or amaranth flour cookies for 30 days. Fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), low-, very low-, and high density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, VLDL-C and HDL-C) and serum triacylglycerol and blood insulin and glucose were measured before and after the intervention. The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance was calculated. Participants were also weighed, had their waist circumference and blood pressure measured at the initial and final stages. Three-day dietary records were filled out each week during the intervention. Data obtained were submitted to ANOVA and Wilcoxon, with statistical significance defined at P<0.05. No significant difference was observed for any of the analyzed parameters between the oatmeal and amaranth groups. However, both groups gained significantly lower TC levels (¿28mg/dL, p=0.011 and ¿27.3mg/dL, p= 0,0209, for oats and amaranth, resp.), but oats reduced HDL-C (¿4.2mg/dL, p=0.013), while amaranth did not and yet diminishing LDL-C (¿19mg/dL, p=0.033). Systolic pressure (¿8mm Hg, p=0,0117) and HOMA (¿0.8, p=0,036) decreased within the amaranth volunteers. Minimal modification of a common Brazilian diet with amaranth cookies had an advantage over oats in lowering blood cholesterol and HOMA indices, but without improving MS parameters
Mestrado
Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição
Tisian, Luis Marcelo. "Variabilidade, herdabilidade e regiões genômicas associadas à expressão da resistência parcial à ferrugem da folha em aveia (Avena sativa L.) avaliada em parcelas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5897.
Full text