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Academic literature on the topic 'Available P'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Available P"

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Bennett, James P. "NPLichen Version 3 is now available." Evansia 23, no. 1 (2006): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.346750.

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Kovar, John, and Heitor Cantarella. "Measuring Crop-Available Phosphorus." Better Crops with Plant Food 103, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24047/bc103113.

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It is likely more critical than ever to have access to proven indicators of the plant availability of P given the awareness of the implications of its management in crop production and the surrounding environment. Methods of assessing P availability will vary regionally, but commonly achieve good correlation to plant response. Continued improvement in the delivery of P sources to crops is in turn encouraging research that is improving our understanding of how to assess the behavior of P in soil.
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Queijo, Alda Ferreira, and Kátia Grillo Padilha. "[NO TITLE AVAILABLE]." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 43, spe (December 2009): 1018–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-62342009000500004.

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O estudo teve como objetivos adaptar para o português e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do Nursing Activities Score (NAS), instrumento de medida de carga de trabalho de enfermagem em UTI. Após o processo de adaptação cultural, o NAS foi aplicado em uma amostra de 200 pacientes adultos internados em UTIs. A análise da consistência interna pelo coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach revelou que o NAS possui 23 medidas independentes que não comportam consolidação ou redução. A avaliação da confiabilidade interobservadores demonstrou alta concordância (99,8%) e índice Kappa médio de 0,99. A validade concorrente foi demonstrada pela correlação estatisticamente significativa entre o TISS-28 e o NAS (r=0,67; p<0,0001), assim como pela análise de regressão multivariada (R²=94,4%; p<0,0001). Na avaliação da validade convergente, a regressão multivariada mostrou associação estatisticamente significativa entre o NAS e o SAPS II, quando ajustada pela idade (R²=99,8%; p<0,0001). Pelos resultados obtidos, o NAS mostrou-se um instrumento confiável e válido para mensurar carga de trabalho de enfermagem em UTIs brasileiras.
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Oliveira, Maria José L., Saul Martins Paiva, Laura Helena P. M. Martins, Isabela A. Pordeus, Ynara B. O. Lima, and Jaime A. Cury. "[NO TITLE AVAILABLE]." Brazilian Dental Journal 17, no. 2 (2006): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402006000200003.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the amount of ingested fluoride and the fluoride dose to which children are subjected during toothbrushing with a conventional dentifrice (1500 ppmF) and a children's dentifrice with special flavor (1100 ppmF) and evaluate the influence of rinsing and expectoration after brushing. Six brushings followed by 6 residue collections (3 per dentifrice) were performed by 42 Brazilian children (aged 20 to 30 months). The concentration of fluoride in the residues and dentifrices was determined. The amount ingested was obtained by the difference principal. 64.3% of the children did not expectorate or rinse after brushing. For both toothpastes, no significant difference was found for fluoride doses comparing children that rinsed to those that did not rinse (p³ 0.05). When children's toothpaste was used, children who did not expectorate were exposed to a higher dose than those who did expectorate (p=0.032). The same was not observed when conventional toothpaste (p=0.081) was used. In conclusion, rinsing and expectoration after brushing had no influence on the dose of fluoride to which children were exposed by use of the dentifrices. However, expectoration was directly associated to the fluoride dose when the children's dentifrice was used.
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Puppo, María, Mercedes Rivas, Jorge Franco, and Rosa Lía Barbieri. "[NO TITLE AVAILABLE]." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 36, no. 4 (December 2014): 957–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-393/13.

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Guayabo del país o goiaba serrana [Acca sellowiana (Berg.) Burret] es uno de los recursos fitogenéticos subutilizados más valiosos de Uruguay y Brasil. Este árbol de fruto comestible, es endémico de una estrecha región sudamericana que abarca el noreste uruguayo y sur de Brasil, donde su cultivo se limita al uso doméstico o a pequeños huertos comerciales. El uso de los materiales de la especie se ve limitado por el desconocimiento de la diversidad presente tanto en poblaciones naturales como en materiales cultivados. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la elaboración de una lista de descriptores que permita la caracterización y evaluación de los materiales para la conservación, uso sostenible e incorporación de diversidad en los programas de mejoramiento genético. Se elaboró una lista preliminar de 41 descriptores morfo-fenológicos de hoja, flor y fruto, que se aplicó in situ a 204 individuos pertenecientes a cuatro poblaciones silvestres del noreste del Uruguay. Con el método de Máxima Verosimilitud Restringida se estimaron los componentes de la varianza entre poblaciones (s²P), entre individuos dentro de poblaciones (s²I(P)), entre muestras dentro de individuo (s²M(IP)) y sus intervalos de confianza utilizando un Modelo Lineal Mixto. Para la determinación del poder discriminante de las variables cuantitativas se adoptó como criterio estadístico la comparación de IC (límite inferior ICs²I(P)>límite superior ICs²M(IP)) y se calculó la razón entre s²I(P)/s²M(IP). Para las variables cualitativas se calculó el estadístico F para la determinación de las diferencias significativas entre individuos con el objetivo de identificar descriptores discriminantes de individuos. También se determinaron las variables que discriminan poblaciones. Se validaron siete descriptores cualitativos (forma de fruto, posición de los sépalos, color de pulpa, color interno de la cáscara, dureza de cáscara, clases de distancia estigma-estambres) y ocho descriptores cuantitativos (altura, diámetro y peso de fruto, peso de pulpa, espesor y resistencia de cáscara, distancia estigma-estambres y número de estambres) para diferenciar individuos. Se encontraron 16 variables cuantitativas y 10 cualitativas discriminantes de las poblaciones estudiadas.
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Tabaglio, Vincenzo, Carolina Gavazzi, and Paolo Paris. "On seasonal fluctuations of available Olsen P in soils." Italian Journal of Agronomy 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.2006.73.

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Knöpfel, Thomas F., Patrick Aschwanden, Takashi Ichikawa, Takumi Watanabe, and Erick M. Carreira. "Readily Available Biaryl P,N Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 43, no. 44 (November 10, 2004): 5971–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200461286.

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Knöpfel, Thomas F., Patrick Aschwanden, Takashi Ichikawa, Takumi Watanabe, and Erick M. Carreira. "Readily Available Biaryl P,N Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis." Angewandte Chemie 116, no. 44 (November 10, 2004): 6097–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200461286.

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Del Duca, Giovâni Firpo, Marcelo Cozzensa da Silva, and Pedro Curi Hallal. "[NO TITLE AVAILABLE]." Revista de Saúde Pública 43, no. 5 (October 2009): 796–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102009005000057.

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OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados à incapacidade funcional para atividades básicas e instrumentais da vida diária em idosos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 598 indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, selecionados em amostragem por conglomerado em dois estágios na cidade de Pelotas, RS, entre 2007 e 2008. Para a avaliação das atividades básicas e instrumentais foram empregados o Índice de Katz e a Escala de Lawton, respectivamente. Definiu-se como incapacidade funcional para cada domínio a necessidade de ajuda parcial ou total para a realização de, no mínimo, uma atividade da vida diária. Empregou-se a regressão de Poisson com variância robusta nas análises bruta e ajustada levando-se em consideração a amostragem por conglomerados. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de incapacidade para as atividades básicas foi de 26,8% (IC 95%: 23,0; 30,8) e a menor proporção de independência foi para controlar funções de urinar e/ou evacuar. Para as atividades instrumentais, a prevalência de incapacidade funcional foi de 28,8% (IC 95%: 24,5; 33,1), sobretudo para realizar deslocamentos utilizando algum meio de transporte. Elevado percentual de idosos (21,7%) apresentou mais de uma atividade com incapacidade nas atividades instrumentais; já nas atividades básicas, a maior parte apresentou dependência para apenas uma atividade (16,6%). Na análise ajustada, a incapacidade para as atividades básicas associou-se com cor da pele parda/preta/outras (p=0,01) e com o aumento da idade (p<0,001). Já a incapacidade para as atividades instrumentais associou-se apenas com o aumento da idade (p<0,001). CONCLUSÕES: A associação entre incapacidade funcional em atividades básicas e instrumentais com o aumento da idade é um importante indicador para que os serviços de saúde planejem ações visando prevenir ou postergar a incapacidade funcional, garantindo independência e maior qualidade de vida ao idoso.
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Leal, J. E., M. E. Sumner, and L. T. West. "Evaluation of available P with different extractants on guatemalan soils." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 25, no. 9-10 (June 1994): 1161–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103629409369108.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Available P"

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Colchesqui, Luciane Martins de Barros. "Síntese, caracterização e dopagem do poli(sulfeto de p-fenileno)." Universidade de São Paulo, 1991. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/54/54132/tde-19022015-104504/.

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Poli (sulfeto de p-fenileno) (PPS) na forma de pó foi obtido através da reação química do p-diclorobenzeno com sulfeto de sódio em N-metilpirrolidona em um sistema de aço inox especialmente construído. Após a fusão do PPS sobre uma placa de vidro em temperaturas de cerca de 300°C, as placas foram resfriadas rapidamente, resultando em amostras amorfas. A caracterização estrutural das amostras foi feita utilizando-se técnica de difração de raios-x, medida do espectro de absorção no infravermelho e Varredura diferencial Calorimétrica (DSC). A condutividade elétrica de pastilhas (PPS/PPP) em função da temperatura foi também investigada e os resultados comparados com os obtidos utilizando-se PPS comercial (Ryton). Também foram obtidos resultados para a condutividade de filmes amorfos não dopados da amostra sintetizada de PPS, assim como dopados em solução (AlCl3/ nitrometano). O decaimento da condutividade desses filmes amorfos dopados em relação ao tempo de exposição ao ar também foi analisado
Poly-p-phenylene sulfide in the form of powder, was prepared by the reaction of p-dichlorobenzene with sodium sulfide in N-methylpyrrolidone in a specially builted stainless steel system. The samples has been obtained by the melting of PPs on glass sheets in temperature of about 300°C and rapidly quenched resulting in amorphous samples. The structural characterization of the samples were investigated using infrared technique, x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (melting point), the results were compared with Rydon (trade name of the PPS). The electrical conductivity of undoped amorphous films obtained from the synthesized sample of PPS, as well as doped in solution (AlCl3/ nitromethane). The decrease of electrical conductivity of the amorphous doped films as a function of time of exposition to air was also analyzed
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Teixeira, Rodrigo Fantinatti. "Interpretação do P-CMM como facilitador da melhoria de processo de software." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-01032018-104559/.

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Dificuldades e empecilhos encontrados na melhoria de processo rin rnaware são em grande parte fruto das barreiras colocadas pelas pessoas envotv.,,.., no processo. Neste trabalho o P-CMM (People Capability Maturity Model) é interpretado com a intenção de minimizar essas barreiras. Também são apresentados como duas áreas chave de processo do P-CMM, consideradas como as mais importantes para facilitar a melhoria de processo de software, Comunicação e Mentoring, podem ser implantadas em empresas de pequeno e médio porte.
Difficulties and problems found largely in the improvement of process of software come from the barriers placed by the people involved in the process. In this work P-CMM (People Capability Maturity Model) it is interpreted with the intention of minimizing those barriers. They are also presented as two key process areas of P-CMM, considered as the most ánportant to facilitate the improvement of software process, Communication and Mentoring, they can be implanted in companies of small and medium load.
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Soares, Juliana Coatrini. "Eletrossíntese e caracterização voltamétrica e espectroscópica de filmes de poli-p-fenileno e derivados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-21082015-092846/.

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Este trabalho descreve a síntese eletroquímica, a caracterização eletroquímica e estrutural e as propriedades ópticas dos filmes de poli(p−fenileno) (PPP), poli−3−metiltiofeno (P3MET), polipirrol (PPI) e dos derivados poli−p−fenileno−3−metiltiofeno (CP3MET) e poli−p−fenileno−pirrol (CPPI). Nossa motivação pode ser justificada pelo fato de o PPP e dos derivados serem polímeros conjugados eletroluminescentes na região do azul e importantes candidatos a serem empregados como camadas ativas em dispositivos emissores de luz (LEDs). Os filmes foram eletroquimicamente sintetizados sobre eletrodos de óxido de estanho dopado com flúor (FTO) em um meio não−aquoso de acetonitrila e perclorato de tetrabutilamônio. A resposta eletroquímica dos filmes de PPP, P3MET, PPI, CP3MET e CPPI foi investigada por voltametria cíclica em uma solução livre de monômeros, quando se verificou a formação de filmes eletroativos e estáveis eletroquimicamente. As propriedades ópticas dos filmes foram investigadas por espectroscopia de absorção in situ no UV−VIS, uma técnica amplamente usada para se estudar a estrutura eletrônica da maioria dos polímeros. Os espectros de UV−VIS dos filmes de PPP, P3MET, PPI, CP3MET e CPPI foram obtidos a diferentes potenciais, quando se verificou a ocorrência da transição π− π∗ dos filmes em seu estado neutro e a formação de estados polarônicos e bipolarônicos dos polímeros durante a sua oxidação. A caracterização estrutural dos filmes foi investigada por espectroscopia FT−Raman e FTIR, quando se verificou que o espectro dos filmes de CP3MET e CPPI, preparados por eletrooxidação de co−monômeros, apresentavam apenas as bandas características dos filmes dos homopolímeros, P3MET e PPI
This work describes the e1ectrochemical synthesis, structural and electrochemical characterization, and the optical properties of poly(p−phenylene) (PPP), poly(3−methylthiophene) (P3MET), polypyrrole (PPI) and their derivatives poly(p−phenylene−3−methylthiophene) (CP3MET) and poly(p−phenylene−pyrrole) (CPPI) films. Our motivation cab be justified by the fact that poly(p−phenylene) (PPP) and its derivatives are conjugated polymers that emit in the blue range of energy, and they appoint as potential candidates as active layers in displays (LEDs). The films were electrochemically synthesized on fluorine−tin−oxide glass (FTO) electrodes in a nonaqueous medium contend acetonitrile and TBAClO4. The electrochemical response of the PPP, P3MET, PPI, CP3MET and CPPI films were investigated by cyc1ic voltammetry in a monomer−free solution with the films showing a typical electroactive response. Their optical properties were investigated by in situ UV−VIS absorption spectroscopy, a technique widely used aiming at understanding the electronic structure of most polymers. The UV−VIS spectra of the PPP, P3MET, PPI, CP3MET and CPPI films were obtained at different p−doping states, i.e., at different applied potential allowing us to calculate the π− π∗ transition of the films at their neutral, and polaronic and bipolaronic states. The structural characterization of the films was investigated by FT−Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, where it was verified that the films prepared by the electrooxidation of co−monomers showed only the bands that were typical of those ones observed in the spectra of the homopolymers, P3MET and PPI.
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HALL, THOMAS A. "ARCHAEAL RIBONUCLEASE P HAS MULTIPLE PROTEIN SUBUNITSHOMOLOGOUS TO EUKARYOTIC NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEASE P SUBUNITS." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20010508-123921.

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     RNase P removes the 5´ leader from all transfer RNA precursors, and is thus a required factor for protein synthesis. RNase P consists of a catalytic RNA molecule and associated protein, the amount of which varies among phylogenetic domains. The ca. 120 kDa RNA component of RNase P from Bacteria is catalytic

     Previous characterizations of archaeal RNase P have presented conflicting and somewhat confusing results. RNase P from

     

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Gantt, John Arthur. "Comparative Analysis of RNase P." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-09012003-153904/.

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This Master?s Thesis contains a description of the results of two research projects that were worked on over the course of two years. The first was an attempt to heterologously reconstitute the Bacillus subtilis RNase P RNA with the RNase P protein subunits of Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus, to identify a functional homology between one or more of the archaeal proteins with the Bacillus subtilis RNase P protein. Unfortunately, the reconstitution experiment could not be completed due to the poor quality of the pre-tRNAasp substrate synthesized. The second project dealt with comparative analysis of bacterial RNase P RNA. Eleven new RNase P RNA genes were amplified, sequenced, and their secondary structures derived by comparative analysis.
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Oliveira, José Roberto Temponi de. "Uso do Amostrador de Gibbs e Metropolis-Hastings em Análise Bayesiana de Modelos AR(p)." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-15032018-141438/.

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Neste trabalho comparamos modelos de séries temporais auto-regresivos de ordem p AR(p), ajustados pela abordagem clássica e Bayesiana. Na análise clássica a identificação do modelo é feita através da função de autocorrelação (FAC) e função de autocorrelação parcial (FACP), a escolha do melhor modelo para um conjunto de dados é feita usando-se o Critério de Informação de Alcaike (MC) e o Critério de Informação Bayesiano (MC). Na análise Bayesiana consideramos três alternativas de densidades a priori para os parâmetros, aqui a escolha do melhor modelo é feita pela densidade preditiva. Primeiramente consideramos a priori não informativa de Jeffireys, onde a densidade a posteriori marginal, para os parâmetros do modelo, pode ser calculada analiticamente e mostra-se que o valor esperado dessa posteriori coincide com o estimador de máxima verossimilhança. No segundo caso, adotamos uma função densidade a priori conjugada normal-gama. Aqui, a densidade a posteriori também pode ser calculada analiticameMe, resultando em uma densidade t-Student p-dimensional, no entanto em muitas situações reais adotar priori conjugada é pouco realista. Para contornar esse problema, no terceiro caso adotamos uma densidade a priori informativa t-Student, pdimensional, para os parâmetros e uma densidade a priori gama para o inverso da variância dos resíduos. Isto resulta em uma densidade a posteriori não padronizada. Neste caso a análise a posteriori só pode ser feita usando-se algoritmos de simulação em cadeia de Markov, MCMC.
In this work we compare time series models, AR(p), using the Bayesian and classical approach. The classical approach uses the Alcaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) to choose the best fitted models for a time series record data. The estimation of the model parameters are obtained by maximinn likelihood estimation. In the Bayesian approach to time series the likelihood function is combined with the prior density of the parameters, via Bayes theorem, to produce the posterior distribution of the parameters and the predictive distribution of future observation. In this paper we use three clifferent prior density functions. First, the likelihood function is approximated by a normalgamma density over the parameter space, them combined with either a Jeffreys\' vague prior or a normal-gamma prior. The result is that the analysis is similar to that obtained by a multiple linear regression analysis. Thus, the posterior analysis is done with norrnal-gamma distribution. Thirdly the likelihood function is combined with prior t-Student distribution them the posterior and predictive analysis is made via Markov Chain Monte Cano. The results are applied to two simulated series and two stream flow series of Furnas and Itumbiara reservoirs.
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Grossmann, Chris Allen. "Complete Spectroscopy of 30P." NCSU, 1999. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-19991109-164413.

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GROSSMANN, CHRIS ALLEN.Complete Spectroscopy of P.(Under the direction of Dr. Gary E. Mitchell and Dr. John F. Shriner, Jr.)

Angular distribution measurements of the P reaction were used to assign quantum numbers of levels in P.This research was performed at the High Resolution Laboratory (HRL) at Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL).Resonances were measured at five different angles using a High-Purity Germanium detector. The measured angular distributions were compared to calculated angular distribution expressions for different quantum number possibilities.The angular momentum quantum numbers J and parity pi were determined by the relative goodness of these fits.By comparing the reduced matrix elements to the empirically recommended upper limits on transition strengths, the isospin quantum number T was also determined for many states.Remaining ambiguities were removed by comparison of the experimental levels with theoretical shell model calculations and experimental Si levels.The work presented here improved the assignments for approximately 65 states.With a nearly pure and complete level scheme for P between the ground state and EP spectrum were examined.The fluctuations were consistent with a result intermediate between the GOE and Poisson distributions.Within one standard deviation, quantitative measurements of the statistical fluctuations were independent of isospin and consistent with previous Al results.

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Marathe, Vikram. "A discrete equal-capacity p-Median problem." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12052009-020104/.

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Mizoi, Marcia Fumi. "Métodos de Aproximação e Aplicação de MCMC na Estimação de Máxima Verossimilhança para Processos AR(p) e MA(q)." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-15032018-164925/.

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Neste projeto, abordamos os modelos de séries temporais estacionárias do tipo AR(p) e MA(q). O interesse é obter para estes modelos as- estimativas de máxima verossimilhança exata. A diferenciação explicita da função de verossimilhança exata para se obter estas estimativas, não é recomendável por envolver operações complicadas. Assim, [Box, Jenkins e Reinsel - 1994] sugerem métodos numéricos baseados em aproximações. Em [Miller - 1995] são apresentadas expressões mais simples para as derivadas da função de verossimilhança junto com um algoritmo iterativo, no caso de modelos AR(p). O objetivo do presente projeto é propor o uso de algoritmos de simulação de Monte Carlo com Cadeia de Markov (MCMC) para o cálculo das estimativas de máxima verossimilhança. Aqui, os algoritmos utilizados foram o amostrador de Gibbs em conjunto com o algoritmo de Metropolis-Hastings. Os resultados obtidos usando MCMC são comparados com as estimativas feitas pelos métodos numéricos propostos em [Box, Jenlcins e Reinsel - 1994] e [Miller - 1995].
In this work, the autoregressive and moving average time series models are considered. The main objective here is to use Markov Chain Monte Cano (MCMC) method (Metropolis-Hastings algorithm and the Gibbs Sampler) to calculate the maximum likelihood estimates in the ordinary sense (a point in the parameter space that maximizes the likelihood). The porpoused method was applied to the simulated and real date record. The estimates obtained by MCMC method was compared with likelihood estimate by iterative numerical methods.
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Graulich, Jean-Sébastien. "Etude expérimentale des réactions (p,alpha) et (p,gamma) d'intérêt astrophysique en cinématique inverse. Application à la réaction 18F(p,alpha)15 O." Université catholique de Louvain, 2002. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-11072002-131639/.

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Les réactions (p, gamma) et (p, alpha) jouent un rôle déterminant lors de la combustion thermonucléaire de l'hydrogène dans les étoiles. Au cours de phénomènes violents, comme l'explosion des noyaux, ces réactions peuvent impliquer des noyaux radioactifs dans le voie d'entrée. Dans le but de mieux comprendre et de pouvoir simuler ce type d'évènement, des données fiables concernant ces réactions sont indispensables. Or l'étude expérimentale des réactions impliquant des noyaux instables requiert souvent l'utilisation de faisceaux d'ions radioactifs. De tels faisceaux sont disponibles depuis une dizaine d'années à Louvain-la-Neuve. Leur application à la mesure de sections efficaces de réactions d'intérêt astrophysique a nécessité le développement de méthodes expérimentales adaptées. Ce travail présente les conséquences de l'utilisation d'un faisceau d'ions lourds sur une cible de noyaux légers, qui est la caractéristique définissant la cinématique inverse. Un programme de simulation a été développé dans un but de reproduire la forme des spectres de produits d'une réaction donnée en tenant compte des pertes d'énergie et du straggling des ions dans la cible. L'étude de la réaction 18F(p, alpha) aux énergies de collision comprises entre 270 et 730 keV est décrite en détail. Deux résonances sont observées dans cet intervalle et leurs énergies et forces respectives sont mesurées. L'analyse de la diffusion résonante 19F(p,p)18F permet de compléter et préciser la mesure des paramètres de la résonance supérieure, et notamment de déterminer son spin. Les implications de cette mesure pour l'astrophysique sont ensuite évoquées. Enfin, un projet de séparateur de recul destiné à l'étude des réactions (p, gamma) est brièvement présenté.
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Books on the topic "Available P"

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Keller, Thomas. Use of fibre reinforced polymers in bridge construction. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed007.

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<p>The aim of the present Structural Engineering Document, a state-of-the-art report, is to review the progress made worldwide in the use of fibre rein­forced polymers as structural components in bridges until the end of the year 2000.<p> Due to their advantageous material properties such as high specific strength, a large tolerance for frost and de-icing salts and, furthermore, short installation times with minimum traffic interference, fibre reinforced polymers have matured to become valuable alternative building materials for bridge structures. Today, fibre reinforced polymers are manufactured industrially to semi-finished products and ccimplete structural components, which can be easily and quickly installed or erected on site.<p> Examples of semi-finished products and structural components available are flexible tension elements, profiles stiff in bending and sandwich panels. As tension elements, especially for the purpose of strengthening, strips and sheets are available, as weil as reinforcing bars for concrete reinforcement and prestressing members for internal prestressing or external use. Profiles are available for beams and columns, and sandwich constructions especially for bridge decks. During the manufacture of the structural components fibre-optic sensors for continuous monitoring can be integrated in the materials. Adhesives are being used more and more for joining com­ponents.<p> Fibre reinforced polymers have been used in bridge construction since the mid-1980s, mostly for the strengthening of existing structures, and increas­ingly since the mid-1990s as pilot projects for new structures. In the case of new structures, three basic types of applications can be distinguished: concrete reinforcement, new hybrid structures in combination with traditional construction materials, and all-composite applications, in which the new materials are used exclusively.<p> This Structural Engineering Document also includes application and research recommendations with particular reference to Switzerland.<p> This book is aimed at both students and practising engineers, working in the field of fibre reinforced polymers, bridge design, construction, repair and strengthening.
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Apitz, Andreas, Thierry Duclos, Akio Kasuga, José Romo Martín, Serge Montens, Chithambaram Sankaralingam, and Juan Sobrino. Extradosed Bridges. Edited by Mike Schlaich. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed017.

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<p>Extradosed bridges can be an elegant and economic solution for bridges with spans ranging between 100 and 250m. This novel type of cable-supported bridges has become quite successful in recent years first in Japan and then all over the world.</p> <p>Experienced members of the international bridge community have come together in Working Commission 3 of IABSE to share their knowledge and to prepare an SED which provides the reader with guidance and practical advise that was not available so far. This book contains useful information regarding conceptual and structural design, analysis, construction, cost and typical properties of Extradosed Bridges.</p>
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Ranzi, Gianluca, ed. Time-dependent behaviour and design of composite steel-concrete structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed018.

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<p>Steel-concrete composite structures are widely used throughout the world for buildings and bridges. A distinguishing feature of this form of construction is the combination of concrete and steel components to achieve enhanced structural performance. <p>The time-dependent response of concrete and its infl uence on the service behaviour and design of composite structures are the main focus of this SED. For the fi rst time, a publication combines a state-of-the-art review of the research with the available design specifi cations of Europe, Australia and New Zealand, and USA. This publication intends to enhance the awareness of the service response of composite structures and of the latest research and standards’ developments. It is aimed at designers and researchers alike. <p>The review of research available in open literature is provided and arranged according to structural typologies, i. e. slabs, beams, and columns. It serves as background information for current service design rules and provides insight into the most recent research advancements. The review of available design guidelines presents the similarities and differences of the recommended service design procedures infl uenced by concrete time effects. Selected case studies of building and bridge projects show possible design approaches and the rationale required when dealing with the time-dependent response and design of composite structures. The authors of this publication are design engineers and academics involved in the service design and research on the time-dependent response of composite structures.
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Clinton), United States President (1993-2001 :. Requests for emergency fiscal year 1995 supplemental appropriations: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting his request to make available emergency appropriations totaling $142 million to address urgent needs arising from the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City ... Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, as amended, pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1107. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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1942-, Huggett R. J., Schalie William van der, Gentile J. H, United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Risk Assessment Forum, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development, eds. Workshop on the use of available data and methods for assessing the ecological risks of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to aquatic life and associated wildlife. Washington, DC: Risk Assessment Forum, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994.

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Beckwith, Sue, and Penny Franklin. Prescribing for gastrointestinal problems. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199575817.003.0074.

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Many of the medications for treatment of the conditions included in this section are available as over-the-counter (OTC) medications at less cost than a prescription and prescribers should consider this before writing a prescription. Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, p. 422.
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Dallmeier, Francisco, Adriana Bravo, and Michael Tweddle. Amarakaeri: Connecting Biodiversity | Conectando la Biodiversidad. Open Monographs, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.16847062.

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<p><b><i>This digital monograph is made available by the publisher. Print copies are available for purchase through our distributor, Penguin Random House and on Amazon.com</i></b></p> <p><em><b> </b></em></p><p>Highlighting the enormous biodiversity of the Amarakaeri Communal Reserve (ACR) and the critical role this protected area plays in the conservation of Madre de Dios, in southeastern Peru, with more than 1,700 vivid photographs, <i>Amarakaeri: Connecting Biodiversity</i> offers readers a glimpse into the extensive research conducted by scholars from the Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute and their Peruvian counterparts. For three years, scientists and local experts had the extraordinary opportunity to collect data at the premontane forests of the ACR to determine potential impacts of an exploratory gas platform on selected animal and plant groups. <i>Amarakaeri</i> also portrays the main threats to the ACR and presents a vision for the region’s future.</p><p>Destacando la enorme biodiversidad de la Reserva Comunal de Amarakaeri (RCA) y el papel crítico que esta área protegida juega en la conservación de Madre de Dios, en el sureste de Perú, <i>Amarakaeri: Conectando la Biodiversidad</i> ofrece a los lectores una mirada rápida a la extensa investigación realizada por académicos del Smithsonian National Zoo y del Conservation Biology Institute junto con sus homólogos peruanos. Durante tres años, los científicos y expertos locales tuvieron la extraordinaria oportunidad de compilar datos en los bosques premontanos de la RCA para determinar los posibles impactos de una plataforma exploratoria de gas en grupos seleccionados de animales y plantas. <i>Amarakaeri</i> además retrata las principales amenazas a la reserva y presenta una visión para el futuro de la región.<br></p><div></div>
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Sabharwal, Nikant, Chee Yee Loong, and Andrew Kelion. Imaging with iodine-123-labelled radiopharmaceuticals. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199206445.003.0011.

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123I-labelled radiopharmaceuticals 206123I-meta-iodo-benzyl-guanidine (123I-MIBG) 208β‎-methyl-p-[123I]iodo-phenyl-pentadecanoic acid (123I-BMIPP) 210Nuclear cardiology techniques offer the potential to image aspects of myocardial physiology and metabolism which are not accessible to other imaging modalities. Positron emission tomography (PET) has been extensively used in this area, but for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging the range of radiopharmaceuticals available is limited. Two radiopharmaceuticals labelled with iodine-123 (...
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Diversity of Cultural Expressions in The Digital Era. Teseo, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.55778/ts096909018.

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<p class="tw-data-text tw-ta tw-text-small" data-placeholder="Traduction" id="tw-target-text" dir="ltr"><span class="indent" lang="en">The book aims to contribute to understanding the diversity of cultural expressions in the digital age and to shed light on appropriate measures and policies to meet the challenges and opportunities brought by new technologies. </span></p><p class="tw-data-text tw-ta tw-text-small" data-placeholder="Traduction" dir="ltr"><span class="indent" lang="en">A trilingual multidisciplinary work (available in French, English and Portuguese), it brings together theoretical studies, opinion papers, case studies and testimonies on projects and practical initiatives grounded in various disciplines. </span></p><p class="tw-data-text tw-ta tw-text-small" data-placeholder="Traduction" dir="ltr"><span class="indent" lang="en">Part I of the book deals with the challenges and opportunities related to digital technologies for the diversity of cultural expressions. Part II deals with the integration of digital technologies in the preparation and adoption of cultural policies. Part III brings together practical initiatives and projects that integrate digital technologies to promote diversity. Additional texts and interviews provide complementary analysis in Parts IV and V.</span></p>
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Berger, Robert H., Robyn J. Wahl, and M. Paul Chaplin. Formulary management/pharmacy and therapeutics committees. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0028.

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While the cost of health care rises in all public healthcare organizations, budgets for that care have remained the same or have decreased. This is most certainly true in correctional settings. Because pharmaceutical expenditures are a substantial percentage of a health care organization’s budget, medication utilization is closely scrutinized. Clinicians must consider the appropriateness, effectiveness, and safety of medications prescribed to incarcerated patients. The abundance of available drugs and the complex issues with respect to their safe and effective use make a sound program for maximizing rational drug use critical. This is a challenging task in jails and prisons that requires a reexamination of the treatments provided. This is not a process of arbitrarily limiting prescriber choices or their decision-making authority solely based on cost-saving incentives. Evidence-based, best practices that inform the development of, and adherence to, disease management guidelines and a preferred, restricted medication formulary enhances the quality, safety, and effectiveness of the care provided. This chapter details the process and procedures to develop, implement, and monitor prescription practice change by establishing an effective Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee (P & TC). The chapter further addresses: the roles and responsibilities of a P & TC; P & TC decision-making processes; formulary development and modification; formulary process decision-making; medication therapy management guidelines; prescriber education; and data analytics to assist in monitoring outcomes, medication use, and prescriber adherence to P & TC policies.
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Book chapters on the topic "Available P"

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Yli-Halla, Markku, Judith Schick, Sylvia Kratz, and Ewald Schnug. "Determination of Plant Available P in Soil." In Phosphorus in Agriculture: 100 % Zero, 63–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7612-7_5.

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Tchuenteu, F. "Critical levels of available P in acid soils of Cameroon." In Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment, 371–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0047-9_112.

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Karaman, M. R., S. Ersahin, and A. Durak. "Spatial variability of available phosphorus and site specific P fertilizer recommendations in a wheat field." In Plant Nutrition, 876–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_427.

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Chakraborty, Pritam, and Sadhana Dash. "Understanding Long-Range Near-Side Ridge Correlations in p-p Collisions Using Rope Hadronisation at Energies Available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 429–32. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2354-8_78.

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Kanda, Jun. "Safety and Sustainability—the Structural Engineer's Role." In Sustainable Structural Engineering, 1–8. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed014.001.

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<p>The mission of structural engineering is to design and construct safe structures by making appropriate decisions. At the same time, society also has a strong demand for sustainability, to which structural engineers can contribute through their decisions. Such decisions are necessary at every step of the design, construction, maintenance, and demolition process. The appropriateness depends on people’s expectancy for a structure, which varies according to their cultural background and economic well-being, as well as technological development. Historically, when quantitative information of a design variable was not available, the structural safety was deter-mined by engineers, based mainly on their own experiences. Materials and construction systems simply followed what had been successful in the past.</p>
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Driver, Robert G., Gilbert Y. Grondin, and Colin MacDougall. "Fatigue Research on High-Performance Steels in Canada." In Use and Application of High-Performance Steels for Steel Structures, 45–56. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed008.045.

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<p>Compared to conventional structural grade steels, high-performance steel (HPS) pro­vides higher strength, improved weldability, greatly enhanced fracture toughness, and comparable ductility, as well as having "weathering" properties. The improved char­acteristics of HPS are achieved through lower levels of carbon and other elements, in conjunction with advanced steel-making practices using either quenching and tem­pering or thermo-mechanical controlled processing. All of these properties make HPS highly desirable for bridge applications. Indeed, although its development spans only the past decade, it is rapidly gaining popularity for use in highway bridges and is be­coming more widely available. Although many highway bridges have already been put into service in the United States, Canada has yet to implement this technology in bridges. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that the use ofHPS will become common in the Canadian market in the near future.</p>
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Geng, Yue, Gianluca Ranzi, Yu-yin Wang, Raymond Ian Gilbert, and Sumei Zhang. "State-of-the-art review on the time-dependent behaviour of composite steel-concrete columns." In Time-dependent behaviour and design of composite steel-concrete structures, 83–109. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed018.ch5.

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<p>This chapter presents a state-of-the-art review of the time-dependent behaviour of composite columns. The first part of the chapter outlines the available typologies and advantages of composite columns. This is followed by an overview of the time-dependent response of concrete (specific to composite columns) and an introduction to concrete confinement. The main part of the chapter is devoted to the state-of-the-art review on how concrete time effects influence the long-term and ultimate behaviour of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns, and on the combined effects produced by sustained loading and chloride corrosion on CFST columns. The review then deals with the long-term behaviour of concrete-filled double skin tube (CFDST) and encased composite columns. The final parts of the chapter provide a review of the time-dependent differential axial shortening (DAS) in vertical components of multi-storey buildings and on the long-term response of arch bridges.</p>
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Fasina, Oluwatosin Oluwasegun, Emmanuel Chilekwu Okogbue, Oluwatosin Omowunmi Ishola, and Abiodun Adeeko. "Sustainable Climate Change Adaptation in Developing Countries: Role of Perception Among Rural Households." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2501–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_87.

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AbstractClimate change adaptation entails exploiting not only economically but also environmentally beneficial strategies by all stakeholders. However, the successful implementation of adaptation actions is also subject to the perception of climate change, usually influenced by knowledge, experiences, and sociocultural factors including gender relations, among the target group. This chapter analyzes the perception of climate change among rural households in Southwest Nigeria and ascertains the coping and adaptation strategies in use among the households. A total of 239 respondents were interviewed across the vegetative zones available in the study area. Findings revealed that 54.8% were involved in crop farming. About 51.0% and 45.6% practiced change in sowing date and harvest date, respectively. Respondents’ perception had a significant relationship with adaptation measures such as change in harvest date (χ2 = 56.753, p = 0.026), planting improved varieties (χ2 = 55.866, p = 0.031), and mixed cropping (χ2 = 55.433, p = 0.042). Respondents had a favorable perception of climate change. The study concluded that although their perception of climate change was favorable and indicated their understanding of its negative effects on their livelihoods, it did not take cognizance of women’s insecure access to production resources. It recommended the development of easily accessible weather forecasts to aid livelihood decisions and enlightenment on improved women’s access to production resources and biodiversity protection.
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Pérez Caldentey, Alejandro, Luigino Dezi, Javier Jordán, Graziano Leoni, Gianluca Ranzi, and Raymond Ian Gilbert. "Case studies considering the influence of the time-dependent behaviour of concrete on the serviceability limit state design of composite steel-concrete bridges." In Time-dependent behaviour and design of composite steel-concrete structures, 157–88. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed018.ch8.

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<p>This chapter introduces three case studies that describe how aspects related to the serviceability limit state design associated with the time-dependent behaviour of concrete can be considered in a design situation. The first case study considers the Oxec II Bridge in Guatemala. It provides an overview of the stress verification of the steel section of the composite bridge and accounts for concrete time effects to capture the stress redistribution that occurs between the concrete and the steel components. The second case study deals with the Yalquincha Viaduct in Chile and provides an overview of the type of long-term analyses that can be carried out when considering the influence of different cross-sectional arrangements on the time-dependent response of the bridge. The last case study focusses on the Serra Cazzola Viaduct in Italy and highlights the opportunities available to designers in exploiting optimised casting sequences to reduce the time-dependent stresses induced in the concrete and, therefore, mitigate the likelihood of concrete cracking.</p>
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Mukherjee, M. M., P. Kováč, and M. Baráth. "p-Tolyl 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-Benzoyl-1-Thio-β-D-Galactopyranoside: Direct Synthesis from the Readily Available α-per-O-Benzoyl Derivative." In Carbohydrate Chemistry, 43–48. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020. | Series: Proven synthetic methods ; volume 5: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351256087-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Available P"

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Wang, Ruqin. "Chemical Analysis of Available Nutrients (N, P, K) in Agricultural Soil." In 2016 4th International Conference on Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mmme-16.2016.94.

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"Design of a semi-automatic system for soil available phosphate-P detecion." In 2014 ASABE Annual International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20141895251.

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Bradshaw, Karen, and Waide Tristram. "Parallelizing Sequential Programs using a Selection of Available Tools and Techniques." In Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2011.757-060.

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Bradshaw, Karen, and Waide Tristram. "Parallelizing Sequential Programs using a Selection of Available Tools and Techniques." In Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2012.757-060.

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Shao-qing, Wang, Liu En-ping, Zhang Hui-jian, and Wu Wei. "Comparison of Spatial Interpolation Methods for Soil Available P in a Hilly Area." In 2011 International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring (CDCIEM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdciem.2011.367.

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Eden, TOB, E. Burns, P. Freccero, and L. Renner. "G268(P) Are essential medicines available, reliable and affordable in low-middle income countries?" In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the Annual Conference, 13–15 March 2018, SEC, Glasgow, Children First – Ethics, Morality and Advocacy in Childhood, The Journal of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-rcpch.261.

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Poblete-Grant, Patricia, Rolando Demanet, María de La Luz Mora, and Cornelia Rumpel. "Available P Enhancement in Andisols under Pasture and Rock Phosphate Amended with Poultry Manure." In International Electronic Conference on Agronomy. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecag2021-09676.

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Wu, Yu-Feng, Yong-Zhuang Wang, and Xin-Ying Zhang. "Mobilization of P by Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids in a Calcareous, Neutral and Acid Soil with Low Available P Status." In 2015 International Conference on Energy, Environmental & Sustainable Ecosystem Development (EESED 2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814723008_0118.

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Agredo Chávez, Angélica, Jaime Gonzalez-Libreros, Gabriel Sas, Lennart Elfgren, Silvia Bianchi, Fabio Biondini, and Brian Kukay. "Available Tests to evaluate Residual Prestressing Forces in Concrete Bridges." In IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.1123.

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<p>The reduction of the structural capacity and eventual collapse of existing concrete bridges is often related to the loss of the initial prestressing forces. This loss can be associated to immediate or time dependent factors such as elastic shortening, creep, relaxation, loading, and cracking, among others. In addition, environmental factors can lead to corrosion of the strands with the subsequent reduction of their area, loss of bond with the concrete and additional cracking which in turn will influence the value of the residual prestress force and the bridge capacity. Therefore, the evaluation of such losses is critical in the decision-making process of defining a financial and environmental cost optimized intervention strategies (e.g., strengthening or replacement). In this paper, a detailed literature review regarding destructive and non-destructive methods for measuring the residual force in prestressed concrete bridges is carried out and used to develop a database of existing experimental tests.</p>
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Pang, Su, Tinxuan Li, Yongdong Wang, and Haiying Yu. "Spatial variability characteristics of soil available N, P, and K and their influencing factors at the county scale." In Second International Conference on Earth Observation for Global Changes, edited by Xianfeng Zhang, Jonathan Li, Guoxiang Liu, and Xiaojun Yang. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.836774.

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Reports on the topic "Available P"

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Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar, and Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.

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Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.
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Geisthardt, Eric, Burton Suedel, and John Janssen. Monitoring the Milwaukee Harbor breakwater : an Engineering With Nature® (EWN®) demonstration project. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40022.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) maintains breakwaters in Milwaukee Harbor. USACE’s Engineering With Nature® (EWN®) breakwater demonstration project created rocky aquatic habitat with cobbles (10–20 cm) covering boulders (6–8 metric tons) along a 152 m section. A prolific population of Hemimysis anomala, an introduced Pontocaspian mysid and important food source for local pelagic fishes, was significantly (p < .05) more abundant on cobbles versus boulders. Food-habits data of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) provided evidence that H. anomala were a common prey item. Night surveys and gill netting confirmed O. mordax preferred foraging on the cobbles (p < .05) and consumed more H. anomala than at the reference site (p < .05). H. anomala comprised a significant portion of the diets of young-of-the-year (YOY) yellow perch (Perca flavescens), YOY largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and juvenile rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) caught on the breakwater. The natural features’ construction on the breakwater increased the available habitat for this benthopelagic macroinvertebrate and created a novel ecosystem benefiting forage fish and a nursery habitat benefiting nearshore game fish juveniles. These data will encourage the application of EWN concepts during structural repairs at other built navigation infrastructure.
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Lucas, Brian. Lessons Learned about Political Inclusion of Refugees. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.114.

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Most refugees and other migrants have limited opportunities to participate in politics to inform and influence the policies that affect them daily; they have limited voting rights and generally lack effective alternative forms of representation such as consultative bodies (Solano & Huddleston, 2020a, p. 33). Political participation is ‘absent (or almost absent) from integration strategies’ in Eastern European countries, while refugees and other migrants in Western Europe do enjoy significant local voting rights, stronger consultative bodies, more funding for immigrant organisations and greater support from mainstream organisations (Solano & Huddleston, 2020a, p. 33).This rapid review seeks to find out what lessons have been learned about political inclusion of refugees, particularly in European countries.In general, there appears to be limited evidence about the effectiveness of attempts to support the political participation of migrants/refugees. ‘The engagement of refugees and asylum-seekers in the political activities of their host countries is highly understudied’ (Jacobi, 2021, p. 3) and ‘the effects that integration policies have on immigrants’ representation remains an under-explored field’ (Petrarca, 2015, p. 9). The evidence that is available often comes from sources that cover the entire population or ethnic minorities without specifically targeting refugees or migrants, are biased towards samples of immigrants who are long-established in the host country and may not be representative of immigrant populations, or focus only on voting behaviour and neglect other forms of political participation (Bilodeau, 2016, pp. 30–31). Statistical data on refugees and integration policy areas and indicators is often weak or absent (Hopkins, 2013, pp. 9, 28–32, 60). Data may not distinguish clearly among refugees and other types of migrants by immigration status, origin country, or length of stay in the host country; may not allow correlating data collected during different time periods with policies in place during those periods and preceding periods; and may fail to collect a range of relevant migrant-specific social and demographic characteristics (Bilgili et al., 2015, pp. 22–23; Hopkins, 2013, p. 28).
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Lucas, Brian. Behaviour Change Interventions for Energy Efficiency. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.138.

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Behavioural interventions are policies and programmes that incorporate insights from scientists who study human behaviour (such as psychology and behavioural economics), with the aim of encouraging socially desirable behaviours by removing barriers and creating incentives or disincentives (Cornago, 2021). Very few behavioural interventions for energy efficiency have been documented in Eastern Europe and the Western Balkans, and none in North Macedonia. The limited experience that has been documented in the region consists of a few small trials which used behavioural principles to inform households about approaches to energy conservation, but none of these trials have demonstrated a significant effect on behaviour. Behavioural interventions have been widely used elsewhere in the world, particularly in North America, Western Europe, and Australia, and there are many studies evaluating their impacts in these regions (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182). This report focuses primarily on household energy efficiency, and particularly on the most widespread and well-documented interventions, which are those related to providing feedback on energy consumption and labelling consumer goods. Although behavioural interventions have been shown to produce significant impacts and to be cost-effective in many situations, the available evidence has some limitations. Many examples that have been documented are small-scale trials or pilot projects; large-scale, institutionalised policy interventions based on behavioural insights are rare (Users TCP and IEA, 2020, p. 22). In many studies, experiments with small sample sizes and short durations show larger impacts than larger and longer-term studies, suggesting that pilot studies may over-estimate the savings that might be achieved by large-scale programmes (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182; Erhardt-Martinez et al., 2010, p. iv). The amount of energy saved by behavioural interventions is often fairly small and varies widely from one programme to another, suggesting that the effectiveness of these interventions may be highly dependent on local context and on details of design and implementation. Finally, many studies rely on participants reporting their intentions, and on hypothetical rather than actual purchasing decisions, and some studies have found a divergence between stated intentions and actual behaviour (Grünig et al., 2010, p. 41; Users TCP and IEA, 2020, pp. 75–76; Yang et al., 2015, pp. 21–22).
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Tian, Yichang, Hu Deng, Zhimin Xin, Xueqian Zhang, and Xiaokui Yang. Premature ovarian insufficiency is associated with increased risk of depression, anxiety and poor life quality: a meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0020.

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Review question / Objective: A meta-analysis of cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies (S) was conducted to explore whether women with POI/POF (P) could increase risk of depression, anxiety, and poor quality of life (O). Intervention studies (I) are eligible only if pre-intervention data were available(I) and the comparator(C) of this meta-analysis was people who do not suffer from POI (age-matched). Condition being studied: Several studies have been conducted to show that POI affects the quality of life of patients, of which psychological and psychosocial factors cannot be ignored as a part. Most studies have shown that POI patients are more prone to negative emotions such as depression and anxiety than normal people, but some studies have also shown that normal POI patients are psychologically indistinguishable from normal people. Therefore, meta-analysis is needed to determine the effect of POI on psychological factors and to better guide the clinical treatment plan.
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ANDRADE, RAUL RIBEIRO, Edla Vitória Santos Pereira, Igor Hudson Albuquerque e. Aguiar, Olavo Barbosa de Oliveira Neto, FABIANO TIMBÓ BARBOSA, OÃO GUSTAVO ROCHA PEIXOTO SANTOS, and CÉLIO FERNANDO SOUSA. Effectiveness of Early Tracheostomy compared with Late Tracheostomy Or Prolonged Orotracheal Intubation in Traumatic Brain Injury: Protocol of Umbrella Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0096.

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Review question / Objective: What is the effectiveness of Early Tracheostomy compared with Late Tracheostomy Or Prolonged Orotracheal Intubation in Traumatic Brain Injury? Eligibility criteria: The inclusion criteria are (P) studies with patients above 18 years old, male or female, who had a severe traumatic brain injury and who need advanced airway support; (I) patient undergoing early tracheostomy (less than 10 days of orotraqueal intubation); (C) patient undergoing late tracheostomy (after 10 days of orotraqueal intubation) or undergoing prolonged intubation; (O) With data about mortality, time on ICU stay, on Hospital stay and time free of mechanical ventilation, complications related a health care services (pneumonia, septicemia, candidemia, Pressure ulcers, thromboembolic events and time using antibiotics), Quality of life (scores about neurological functions); e (S) Systematic reviews. No language restrictions. The exclusion criteria are data about mortality without data about time and follow up (In Hospital or after discharge?). We will contact the authors of studies without data enough to make a decision or without full text available, If we do not have answers we will exclude the study.
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Lubowa, Nasser, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Pharmaceutical Industry in Uganda: A Review of the Common GMP Non-conformances during Regulatory Inspections. Purdue University, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317442.

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The prevalence of substandard medicines in Africa is high but not well documented. Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) are likely to face considerable challenges with substandard medications. Africa faces inadequate drug regulatory practices, and in general, compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in most of the pharmaceutical industries is lacking. The majority of pharmaceutical manufacturers in developing countries are often overwhelmed by the GMP requirements and therefore are unable to operate in line with internationally acceptable standards. Non-conformances observed during regulatory inspections provide the status of the compliance to GMP requirements. The study aimed to identify the GMP non-conformances during regulatory inspections and gaps in the production of pharmaceuticals locally manufactured in Uganda by review of the available 50 GMP reports of 21 local pharmaceutical companies in Uganda from 2016. The binary logistic generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was applied to estimate the association between odds of a company failing to comply with the GMP requirements and non-conformances under each GMP inspection parameter. Analysis using dummy estimation to linear regression included determination of the relationship that existed between the selected variables (GMP inspection parameters) and the production capacity of the local pharmaceutical industry. Oral liquids, external liquid preparations, powders, creams, and ointments were the main categories of products manufactured locally. The results indicated that 86% of the non-conformances were major, 11% were minor, and 3% critical. The majority of the non-conformances were related to production (30.1%), documentation (24.5%), and quality control (17.6%). Regression results indicated that for every non-conformance under premises, equipment, and utilities, there was a 7-fold likelihood of the manufacturer failing to comply with the GMP standards (aOR=6.81, P=0.001). The results showed that major non-conformances were significantly higher in industries of small scale (B=6.77, P=0.02) and medium scale (B=8.40, P=0.04), as compared to those of large scale. This study highlights the failures in quality assurance systems and stagnated GMP improvements in these industries that need to be addressed by the manufacturers with support from the regulator. The addition of risk assessment to critical production and quality control operations and establishment of appropriate corrective and preventive actions as part of quality management systems are required to ensure that quality pharmaceuticals are manufactured locally.
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Kungwankiattichai, Smith, Ben Ponvilawa, Claudie Roy, Pattaraporn Tunsing, Florian Kuchenbauer, and Weerapat Owattanapanich. Maintenance with Hypomethylating Agents after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0078.

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Review question / Objective: P: Patients with AML or MDS after allo-SCT; I: Hypomethylating agents after allo-SCT; C: Observation after allo-SCT; O: Overall survival rates. Condition being studied: Hypomethylating agents (HMAs) seem to have a range of properties favorable to post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) maintenance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. This meta-analysis was performed to review all relevant studies to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing allo-SCT for AML or MDS receiving HMA maintenance therapy with observation only. Information sources: The systematic search of the Embase and MEDLINE databases identified 4,416 articles, from which 512 duplicates were removed. This resulted in 3,904 articles available for title and abstract review. Subsequently, 3,875 articles were excluded as the article type and study design did not fulfill the inclusion criteria, or there was no report on a primary outcome of interest. The remaining 29 articles underwent full-length review and 18 of those were excluded for the aforementioned reasons. Ultimately, the eligibility criteria for our meta-analysis were met by 11 studies: 2 RCTs, 1 prospective cohort study, and 8 retrospective cohort studies.
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Prusky, Dov, Nancy P. Keller, and Amir Sherman. global regulation of mycotoxin accumulation during pathogenicity of Penicillium expansum in postharvest fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600012.bard.

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Background to the topic- Penicilliumas a postharvest pathogen and producer of the mycotoxin PAT. Penicilliumspp. are destructive phytopathogens, capable of causing decay in many deciduous fruits, during postharvest handling and storage; and the resulting losses can amount to 10% of the stored produce and the accumulation of large amounts of the mycotoxinpatulin. The overall goal of this proposal is to identify critical host and pathogen factors that modulate P. expansummycotoxin genes and pathways which are required for PAT production and virulence. Our preliminary results indicated that gluconic acid are strongly affecting patulin accumulation during colonization. P. expansumacidifies apple fruit tissue during colonization in part through secretion of gluconic acid (GLA). Several publications suggested that GLA accumulation is an essential factor in P. expansumpathogenicity. Furthermore, down regulation of GOX2 significantly reduced PAT accumulation and pathogenicity. PAT is a polyketide and its biosynthesis pathway includes a 15-gene cluster. LaeA is a global regulator of mycotoxin synthesis. It is now known that patulin synthesis might be subjected to LaeA and sometimes by environmental sensing global regulatory factors including the carbon catabolite repressor CreA as well as the pH regulator factor PacC and nitrogen regulator AreA. The mechanisms by which LaeA regulates patulin synthesis was not fully known and was part of our work. Furthermore, the regulatory system that controls gene expression in accordance with ambient pH was also included in our work. PacC protein is in an inactive conformation and is unable to bind to the promoter sites of the target genes; however, under alkaline growth conditions activated PacC acts as both an activator of alkaline-expressed genes and a repressor of acid-expressed genes. The aims of the project- This project aims to provide new insights on the roles of LaeA and PacC and their signaling pathways that lead to GLA and PAT biosynthesis and pathogenicity on the host. Specifically, our specific aims were: i) To elucidate the mechanism of pH-controlled regulation of GLA and PAT, and their contribution to pathogenesis of P. expansum. We are interested to understanding how pH and/or GLA impact/s under PacC regulation affect PAT production and pathogenesis. ii) To characterize the role of LaeA, the global regulator of mycotoxin production, and its effect on PAT and PacC activity. iii) To identify the signaling pathways leading to GLA and PAT synthesis. Using state- of-the-art RNAseq technologies, we will interrogate the transcriptomes of laeAand pacCmutants, to identify the common signaling pathways regulating synthesis of both GLA and PAT. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements- In our first Aim our results demonstrated that ammonia secreted at the leading edge of the fungal colony induced transcript activation of the global pH modulator PacC and PAT accumulation in the presence of GLA. We assessed these parameters by: (i) direct exogenous treatment of P. expansumgrowing on solid medium; (ii) direct exogenous treatment on colonized apple tissue; (iii) growth under self-ammonia production conditions with limited carbon; and (iv) analysis of the transcriptional response to ammonia of the PAT biosynthesis cluster. Ammonia induced PAT accumulation concurrently with the transcript activation of pacCand PAT biosynthesis cluster genes, indicating the regulatory effect of ammonia on pacCtranscript expression under acidic conditions. Transcriptomic analysis of pH regulated processes showed that important genes and BARD Report - Project 4773 Page 2 of 10 functionalities of P. expansumwere controlled by environmental pH. The differential expression patterns of genes belonging to the same gene family suggest that genes were selectively activated according to their optimal environmental conditions to enable the fungus to cope with varying conditions and to make optimal use of available enzymes. Concerning the second and third Aims, we demonstrated that LaeA regulates several secondary metabolite genes, including the PAT gene cluster and concomitant PAT synthesis invitro. Virulence studies of ΔlaeAmutants of two geographically distant P. expansumisolates (Pe-21 from Israel and Pe-T01 from China) showed differential reduction in disease severity in freshly harvested fruit ranging from no reduction for Ch-Pe-T01 strains in immature fruit to 15–25% reduction for both strains in mature fruit, with the ΔlaeAstrains of Is-Pe-21 always showing a greater loss in virulence. Results suggest the importance of LaeA regulation of PAT and other secondary metabolites on pathogenicity. Our work also characterized for the first time the role of sucrose, a key nutritional factor present in apple fruit, as a negative regulator of laeAexpression and consequent PAT production in vitro. This is the first report of sugar regulation of laeAexpression, suggesting that its expression may be subject to catabolite repression by CreA. Some, but not all of the 54 secondary metabolite backbone genes in the P. expansumgenome, including the PAT polyketide backbone gene, were found to be regulated by LaeA. Together, these findings enable for the first time a straight analysis of a host factor that potentially activates laeAand subsequent PAT synthesis.
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Viswanathan, Meera, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Alison Stuebe, Nancy Berkman, Alison N. Goulding, Skyler McLaurin-Jiang, Andrea B. Dotson, et al. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer236.

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Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.
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