Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Auxiliary dynamics'

Cette thèse a pour objectif, d’une part, de concevoir des estimateurs pour les systèmessinguliers linéaires en utilisant la méthode des fonctions de modulation. D’autrepart, elle vise à développer des observateurs pour une classe de systèmes dynamiquesnon linéaires en utilisant la méthode des formes normales d’observateurs. Pour lessystèmes singuliers, les estimateurs conçus sont présentés sous forme de formulesintégrales algébriques, garantissant une convergence non asymptotique. Une caractéristique essentielle des algorithmes d’estimation conçus est que les mesures bruitées des sorties ne sont impliquées que dans des termes intégraux, conférant ainsi aux estimateurs une robustesse face aux bruits perturbateurs. Pour les systèmes non linéaires, l’idée principale de conception consiste à transformer les systèmes proposés en une forme simplifiée qui supporte les observateurs existants tels que l’observateur à grandgain et l’observateur en mode glissant. Cette forme simple est appelée forme canoniqueobservable dépendant de la sortie auxiliaire.Pour les systèmes singuliers linéaires, nous transformons le système considéré enune forme similaire à la forme canonique observable de Brunovsky en injectant lesdérivées des entrées et des sorties. Tout d’abord, pour les systèmes singuliers linéairesmono-entrée mono-sortie, la condition d’observabilité est proposée. Des formules algébriques avec une fenêtre d’intégration glissante sont obtenues pour les variables dans différentes situations sans connaître la condition initiale du système. Ensuite, pour les systèmes singuliers linéaires à multiples entrées et sorties, une méthode innovante d’estimation non asymptotique et robuste basée sur la forme canonique observable à l’aide d’un ensemble de systèmes dynamiques de modulation auxiliaires est introduite. Ces derniers systèmes auxiliaires sont donnés par la forme canonique observable contrôlable avec des conditions initiales nulles. En introduisant un ensemble de systèmes dynamiques de modulation auxiliaires qui fournit un cadre plus général pour générer les fonctions de modulation requises, des formules intégrales algébriques sont obtenues à la fois pour les variables d’état et les dérivées de sortie. De plus, l’efficacité et la robustesse des estimateurs proposés sont vérifiées par des simulations numériques dans cette thèse.Pour les systèmes dynamiques non linéaires, nous proposons une famille de systèmesdynamiques non linéaires à multiples sorties "prêts à porter" qui peuvent êtretransformés en formes normales d’observateurs dépendant de la sortie auxiliaire, permettant ainsi le support de l’observateur en mode glissant bien connu. Pour cela, aumoyen de la méthode d’extension de dynamique et d’un ensemble des changementsde coordonnées (calculs algébriques intégraux de base), les termes non linéairessont annulés par une dynamique auxiliaire ou remplacés par des fonctions non linéairesdes multiples sorties. Il convient de mentionner que cette procédure est menée à biende manière compréhensible sans recourir aux outils de la géométrie différentielle, cequi est convivial pour ceux qui ne sont pas familiers avec les calculs des crochets deLie. De plus, l’efficacité et la robustesse des observateurs proposés sont vérifiées pardes simulations numériques dans cette thèse. Deuxièmement, une classe plus large desystèmes dynamiques non linéaires à multiples entrées et sorties "prêts à porter" estfournie pour étendre et développer davantage les systèmes proposés dans le premiercas. De manière similaire, au moyen de la dynamique auxiliaire correspondante etd’un ensemble des changements de coordonnées, les systèmes fournis sont convertisen formes normales non linéaires ciblées dépendant à la fois des multiples sorties etdes variables auxiliaires. Naturellement, cette procédure est également réalisée sansrecourir aux outils géométriques. Enfin, des conclusions sont présentées avec quelques perspectives
This thesis aims, on the one hand, to design estimators for linear singular systems usingthemethod of modulation functions. On the other hand, it aims to develop observersfor a class of nonlinear dynamical systems using the method of canonical formsof observers. For singular systems, the designed estimators are presented in the formof algebraic integral equations, ensuring non-asymptotic convergence. An essentialcharacteristic of the designed estimation algorithms is that noisy measurements of theoutputs are only involved in integral terms, thereby imparting robustness to the estimatorsagainst perturbing noises. For nonlinear systems, the main design idea is totransform the proposed systems into a simplified form that accommodates existingobservers such as the high-gain observer and the sliding-mode observer. This simpleformis called auxiliary output depending observable canonical form.For the linear singular systems, we transform the considered system into a formsimilar to the Brunovsky’s observable canonical form with the injection of the inputs’and outputs’ derivatives. First, for linear singular systems with single input and singleoutput, the observability condition is proposed. The system’s input-output differentialequation is derived based on the Brunovsky’s observable canonical form. Algebraicformulas with a sliding integration window are obtained for the variables in differentsituations without knowing the system’s initial condition. Second, for linear singular systemswith multiple input and multiple output, an innovative nonasymptotic and robust estimation method based on the observable canonical form by means of a set of auxiliary modulating dynamical systems is introduced. The latter auxiliary systems are given by the controllable observable canonical with zero initial conditions. The proposed method is applied to estimate the states and the output’s derivatives for linear singular system in noisy environment. By introducing a set of auxiliary modulating dynamical systems which provides a more general framework for generating the requiredmodulating functions, algebraic integral formulas are obtained both for the state variables and the output’s derivatives. After giving the solutions of the required auxiliary systems, error analysis in discrete noisy case is addressed, where the provided noise error bound can be used to select design parameters.For the nonlinear dynamical systems, we propose a family of "ready to wear" nonlineardynamical systemswith multiple outputs that can be transformed into the outputauxiliarydepending observer normal forms which can support the well-known slidingmode observer. For this, by means of the so-called dynamics extension method anda set of changes of coordinates (basic algebraic integral computations), the nonlinearterms are canceled by auxiliary dynamics or replaced by nonlinear functions of themultiple outputs. It is worth mentioning that this procedure is finished in a comprehensible way without resort to the tools of differential geometry, which is user-friendly for those who are not familiar with the computations of Lie brackets. In addition, the efficiency and robustness of the proposed observers are verified by numerical simulations in this thesis. Second, a larger class of "ready to wear" nonlinear dynamicalsystems with multiple inputs and multiple outputs are provided to further extend anddevelop the systems proposed in the first case. In a similar way, by means of the corresponding auxiliary dynamics and a set of changes of coordinates, the provided systems are converted into targeted nonlinear observable canonical forms depending on both the multiple outputs and auxiliary variables. Naturally, this procedure is still completed without resort to geometrical tools. Finally, conclusions are outlined with some perspectives

This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2019
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 183-190).
Optimization under uncertainty forms the foundation for many of the fundamental problems the operations research community seeks to solve. In this thesis, we develop and analyze algorithms that incorporate ideas from machine learning to optimize uncertain objectives directly from data. In the first chapter, we consider problems in which the decision affects the observed outcome, such as in personalized medicine and pricing. We present a framework for using observational data to learn to optimize an uncertain objective over a continuous and multi-dimensional decision space. Our approach accounts for the uncertainty in predictions, and we provide theoretical results that show this adds value. In addition, we test our approach on a Warfarin dosing example, and it outperforms the leading alternative methods.
In the second chapter, we develop an approach for solving dynamic optimization problems with covariates that uses machine learning to approximate the unknown stochastic process of the uncertainty. We provide theoretical guarantees on the effectiveness of our method and validate the guarantees with computational experiments. In the third chapter, we introduce a distributionally robust approach for incorporating covariates in large-scale, data-driven dynamic optimization. We prove that it is asymptotically optimal and provide a tractable general-purpose approximation scheme that scales to problems with many temporal stages. Across examples in shipment planning, inventory management, and finance, our method achieves improvements of up to 15% over alternatives. In the final chapter, we apply the techniques developed in previous chapters to the problem of optimizing the operating room schedule at a major US hospital.
Our partner institution faces significant census variability throughout the week, which limits the amount of patients it can accept due to resource constraints at peak times. We introduce a data-driven approach for this problem that combines machine learning with mixed integer optimization and demonstrate that it can reliably reduce the maximal weekly census.
by Christopher George McCord.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center

The Tanzanian Bantu language Rangi is unusual in that it exhibits a construction in which an infinitival verb form precedes an inflected auxiliary. This ordering of the infinitive with respect to the auxiliary is marked within the context of East African Bantu. It also contradicts Greenberg's (1963) proposed linguistic universal that Subject Verb Object languages exhibit auxiliary-infinitive order. Whilst the infinitive precedes the auxiliary in main declarative clauses, auxiliaryinfinitive order is found in negative, interrogative and cleft constructions, as well as in relative and subordinate clauses. This thesis examines infinitive-auxiliary order in Rangi, providing a detailed description of the structure and contexts in which the construction is used. Based on this, a formal analysis is developed from the perspective of Dynamic Syntax (Kempson et al. 2001; Cann et al. 2005b) - a framework which models the establishment of propositional structure by focusing on the dynamics of the parsing/production process in a time-linear manner. The infinitive-auxiliary order is captured by adopting an analysis in which infinitival verb forms are projected onto an unfixed predicate node. In contrast, auxiliaries project fixed minimal predicate-argument structure and introduce temporal information. The alternation auxiliary-infinitive order is subsequently analysed as resulting from the presence of an unfixed node. The analysis presented depends on the independent restriction operative in the Dynamic Syntax framework under which two unfixed nodes of the same modality cannot co-exist. This restriction is the result of the two nodes being defined identically in terms of tree logic. The presence of an unfixed node is taken as a trigger for the auxiliary-infinitive order, whilst the infinitive-auxiliary order is found in the absence of this trigger. A formal definition of the rule of PREDICATE ADJUNCTION is presented. The analysis provides further support for the availability of the building and re-building of the same structure within a semantic tree which is permissible in Dynamic Syntax. The thesis interrogates the extent to which similar syntactic contexts can be seen to motivate, and inform, distributional properties of similar (and distinct) elements in languages in unrelated language families.

Dynamic capabilities have been widely discussed in the academic literature for over twenty years. Yet there remains a lack of consensus or conceptual clarity on a common definition. The priority for researchers is therefore to pursue further theoretical development of the concept. In addition, most empirical research to date has been based on quantitative research. Qualitative, granular treatment of the topic has been encouraged (see p.44). Accordingly, in this thesis, the data from the main study was collected from in-depth interviews with change consultants, and the emerging theory was tested in a follow-up study using further interviews with case study participants. The data from both studies was analysed using a grounded theory approach. The emergent and flexible nature of grounded theory complements the use of semi-structured interview questions, because both grounded theory and semi-structured interviews facilitate the drilling down into, and the microscopic exploration of, those data which are of greatest interest. I identify a phenomenon in the primary data from the main study, which I call ‘orchestrated stakeholder dialogue’– the purposeful orchestration of dialogue amongst the organisation’s stakeholders. Some empirical examples of this phenomenon are presented. The follow-up study further examines the phenomenon of orchestrated stakeholder dialogue in order to explore: 1) the relationship of this phenomenon to dynamic capability theory; 2) the context of the phenomenon; 3) how it is deployed; and 4) its potential for securing sustainable competitive advantage. The thesis uses an instrumental reading of stakeholder theory in order better to depict and locate orchestrated stakeholder dialogue in relation to the organisation’s traditional boundaries. I conclude that the phenomenon of orchestrated stakeholder dialogue is a foundational, underlying component of the dynamic capabilities concept, which underpins all dynamic capabilities. The identification of orchestrated stakeholder dialogue represents a significant step in developing a conceptual theory of dynamic capability in which dialogue is a consistent component. Further research could build on this advance in dynamic capabilities theory. The detailed depiction of orchestrated stakeholder dialogue in the thesis also represents a significant empirical contribution for strategy as practice. The thesis offers two steps towards advancing the practical value of the concept of dynamic capabilities to practitioners: (i) the organisation is encouraged to use dialogue to map more fully the sources of value derived by particular stakeholders from their relationship with the organisation and its capability; and (ii) where possible, organisations must reconceive and reconfigure the relationships with stakeholders in order to accommodate and harness heterogeneous perceptions of value.

Cette thèse propose une méthode théorique innovante pour l'étude des spectres d'excitation à un électron, mesurée par spectroscopie de photoémission directe et inverse.La plupart des calculs actuels au niveau de l’état de l’art reposent sur des fonctions de Green à plusieurs corps et des self-énergies complexes et non locales, évaluées spécifiquement pour chaque matériau. Même lorsque les spectres calculés sont en très bon accord avec les expériences, le coût de calcul est très important. La raison est que la méthode elle-même n'est pas efficace, car elle fournit beaucoup d'informations superflues qui ne sont pas nécessaires pour l'interprétation des données expérimentales.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons deux raccourcis par rapport à la méthode standard. Le premier est l'introduction d'un système auxiliaire qui cible, en principe, le spectre d'excitation du système réel. L'exemple type est la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité, pour lequel le système auxiliaire est le système de Kohn-Sham : elle reproduit exactement la densité du système réel par l'intermédiaire d'un potentiel réel et statique, le potentiel de Kohn-Sham. La théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité est, cependant, une théorie de l'état fondamental, qui ne fournit que rarement des propriétés d'état excités : un exemple est le fameux problème de la sous-estimation de la bande interdite. Le potentiel que nous proposons (le potentiel spectral), local et dépendant de la fréquence, mais réelle, peut être considéré comme une généralisation dynamique du potentiel de Kohn-Sham qui donne en principe le spectre exact.Le deuxième raccourci est l'idée de calculer ce potentiel une fois pour toute dans un système modèle, le gaz d'électrons homogène, et de le tabuler. Pour étudier des matériaux réels, nous concevons un connecteur qui prescrit l'utilisation des résultats du gaz pour calculer les spectres électroniques.La première partie de la thèse traite de l'idée de systèmes auxiliaires, montrant le cadre général dans lequel ils peuvent être introduits et les équations qu'ils doivent satisfaire. Nous utilisons des modèles de Hubbard solubles exactement pour mieux comprendre le rôle du potentiel spectral ; en particulier, il est démontré que le potentiel peut être défini uniquement chaque fois que le spectre est non nul, et donne toujours les spectres attendus, même lorsque la partie imaginaire ou les contributions non locales de la self-énergie jouent un rôle de premier plan.Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous nous concentrons sur les calculs pour les systèmes réels. Nous évaluons d'abord le potentiel spectral dans le gaz d'électrons homogène, puis l'importons dans le système auxiliaire pour évaluer le spectre d'excitation. Toute l’interdependence non triviale entre l'interaction électronique et l'inhomogénéité du système réel entre dans la forme du connecteur. Trouver une expression pour cela est le véritable défi de la procédure. Nous proposons une approximation raisonnable basée sur les propriétés locales du système, que nous appelons approximation du connecteur dynamique local.Nous mettons en œuvre cette procédure pour quatre prototypes de matériaux différents : le sodium, un métal presque homogène ; l'aluminium, encore un métal mais moins homogène ; le silicium, un semi-conducteur ; l'argon, un isolant inhomogène. Les spectres que nous obtenons avec cette approche concordent de manière impressionnante avec ceux qui sont évalués via la self-énergie, très coûteuse en temps de calcul, démontrant ainsi le potentiel de cette théorie
This thesis proposes an innovative theoretical method for studying one-electron excitation spectra, as measured in photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopy.The current state-of-the-art realistic calculations rely usually on many-body Green’s functions and complex, non-local self energies, evaluated specifically for each material. Even when the calculated spectra are in very good agreement with experiments, the computational cost is very large. The reason is that the method itself is not efficient, as it yields much superfluous information that is not needed for the interpretation of experimental data.In this thesis we propose two shortcuts to the standard method. The first one is the introduction of an auxiliary system that exactly targets, in principle, the excitation spectrum of the real system. The prototypical example is density functional theory, in which the auxiliary system is the Kohn-Sham system: it exactly reproduces the density of the real system via a real and static potential, the Kohn-Sham potential. Density functional theory is, however, a ground state theory, which hardly yields excited state properties: an example is the famous band-gap problem. The potential we propose (the spectral potential), local and frequency-dependent, yet real, can be viewed as a dynamical generalisation of the Kohn-Sham potential which yields in principle the exact spectrum.The second shortcut is the idea of calculating this potential just once and forever in a model system, the homogeneous electron gas, and tabulating it. To study real materials, we design a connector which prescribes the use of the gas results for calculating electronic spectra.The first part of the thesis deals with the idea of auxiliary systems, showing the general framework in which they can be introduced and the equations they have to fulfill. We then use exactly-solvable Hubbard models to gain insight into the role of the spectral potential; in particular, it is shown that a meaningful potential can be defined wherever the spectrum is non-zero, and that it always yields the expected spectra, even when the imaginary or the non-local parts of the self energy play a prominent role.In the second part of the thesis, we focus on calculations for real systems. We first evaluate the spectral potential in the homogeneous electron gas, and then import it in the auxiliary system to evaluate the excitation spectrum. All the non-trivial interplay between electron interaction and inhomogeneity of the real system enters the form of the connector. Finding an expression for it is the real challenge of the procedure. We propose a reasonable approximation for it, based on local properties of the system, which we call dynamical local connector approximation.We implement this procedure for four different prototypical materials: sodium, an almost homogeneous metal; aluminum, still a metal but less homogeneous; silicon, a semiconductor; argon, an inhomogeneous insulator. The spectra we obtain with our approach agree to an impressive extent with the ones evaluated via the computationally expensive self energy, demonstrating the potential of this theory

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This word aimeded to develop a friendly computational tool that, given the expectation of the producer in relation to soybean prices at a future date, help them decide whether or not it‟s worth waiting to sell their produce at that future date or sell in the current date. This work relied mainly with the System Dynamics methodology for model building and testing of Box-Jenkins to obtain the price expectations. The model also allows deriving the likely minimum price to be received by the producer in order to justify its decision to postpone its sale. We found no empirical evidence capable of sustaining the existence of a priori a better time to sell soybeans.
Este trabalho desenvolveu um instrumento computacional amigável que pudesse, dada a expectativa do produtor em relação ao preço da soja em uma data futura, auxiliá-lo a decidir se vale a pena ou não esperar para vender sua produção naquela data futura ou vendê-la na data atual. Para tanto, contou principalmente com a metodologia System Dynamics para construção do modelo e a análise de Box-Jenkins para obtenção das expectativas de preços. O modelo desenvolvido, também, permite auferir o provável preço mínimo a ser recebido pelo produtor, a fim de que possa justificar sua decisão em postergar sua venda. Não foram encontradas evidências empíricas capazes de sustentar a existência a priori de uma melhor data para se vender a soja.

L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer une nouvelle méthodologie pour la détection active de défaillances, basée sur approche multimodèle et robuste des fautes. Ce travail prolonge des recherches effectuées dans le projet Metalau de l'Inria. L'apport essentiel de cette thèse est la prise en compte de modèles évoluant en boucle fermée. On utilise une approche multi-modèle pour modéliser le modèle en fonctionnement normal et le modèle défaillant. Les avantages potentiels de l'utilisation d'un feedback dynamique linéaire et ses propriétés de robustesse sont analysés dans la construction de signaux de détection auxiliaires. On compare les résultats obtenus avec ceux du cas boucle ouverte. La formulation du problème de détection active dans le cas d'un modèle en boucle fermée est nouvelle et repose sur la prise en considération de la norme du signal de détection auxiliaire comme critère d'optimisation. On considère aussi des fonctions coût plus générales, telles celles qui sont utilisées pour mesurer la performance de feedbacks dans des problèmes de la théorie de la commande linéaire robuste. La solution complète repose sur la résolution de plusieurs problèmes d'optimisation non standards
The aim is to develop a novel theory of robust active failure detection based on multi-model formulation of faults. The original method was already proposed by the Metalau group of INRIA. We have continued to work on the extension of this approach to more general cases. The focus is on the effects of feedback on the previous approach. The multi-model approach is still used to model the normal and the failed systems; however the possible advantages of using linear dynamic feedback in the construction of the auxiliary signal for robust fault detection is considered and the results are compared to the previously developed open-loop setup. An original formulation of the active fault detection problem using feedback is developed. The norm of the auxiliary signal is considered as a possible cost criterion. Also, we have considered a more general cost function that has already been used for measuring the performance of feedback configurations in Linear Control Theory. We have given a complete solution to this problem. In order to find a complete solution, several mathematical problems are solved

A typical approach to the synthesis/design optimization of energy systems is to only use steady state operation and high efficiency (or low total life cycle cost) at full load as the basis for the synthesis/design. Transient operation as reflected by changes in power demand, shut-down, and start-up are left as secondary tasks to be solved by system and control engineers once the synthesis/design is fixed. However, transient regimes may happen quite often and the system response to them is a critical factor in determining the systemâ s feasibility. Therefore, it is important to consider the system dynamics in the creative process of developing the system. A decomposition approach for dynamic optimization developed and applied to the synthesis/design and operation/control optimization of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) based auxiliary power unit (APU) is the focus of this doctoral work. Called DILGO (Dynamic Iterative Local-Global Optimization), this approach allows for the decomposed optimization of the individual units (components, sub-systems or disciplines), while taking into account the intermediate products and feedbacks which couple all of the units which make up the overall system. The approach was developed to support and enhance current engineering synthesis/design practices by making possible dynamic modular concurrent system optimization. In addition, this approach produces improvements in the initial synthesis/design state at all stages of the process and allows any level of complexity in the unitâ s modeling. DILGO uses dynamic shadow price rates as a basis for measuring the interaction level between units. The dynamic shadow price rate is a representation of the unitâ s cost rate variation with respect to variations in the unitâ s coupling functions. The global convergence properties of DILGO are seen to be dependent on the mathematical behavior of the dynamic shadow price rate. The method converges to a â globalâ (system-level) optimum provided the dynamic shadow price rates are approximately constant or at least monotonic. This is likely to be the case in energy systems where the coupling functions, which represent intermediate products and feedbacks, tend to have a monotonic behavior with respect to the unitâ s local contribution to the systemâ s overall objective function. Finally, DILGO is a physical decomposition used to solve system-level as well as unit-level optimization problems. The total system considered here is decomposed into three sub-systems as follows: stack sub-system (SS), fuel processing sub-system (FPS), and the work and air recovery sub-system (WRAS). Mixed discrete, continuous, and dynamic operational decision variables are considered. Detailed thermodynamic, kinetic, geometric, physical, and cost models for the dynamic system are formulated and implemented. All of the sub-systems are modeled using advanced state-of-the-art tools. DILGO is then applied to the dynamic synthesis/design and operation/control optimization of the SOFC based APU using the total life cycle cost as objective function. The entire problem has a total of 120 independent variables, some of which are integer valued and dynamic variables. The solution to the problem requires only 6 DILGO iterations.
Ph. D.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
This work intends to present the Dynamic Geometry software GeoGebra to elementary school students. It uses the GeoGebra as a tool for building a step by step procedure to convince students of the veracity of results that have simple statements, but not trivial proofs. The following theorems were worked: Morley's Theorem, Hipparchus Theorem, Stewart's Theorem, Menelaus Theorem and 9-Point Circle Theorem. Demonstrations are held strictly in the traditional way, and in parallel it is used the GeoGebra software, thus giving a playful view of the statements. It is understood that this approach will be more attractive, enabling a better understanding of the theorems by students. The work culminates with the application of a motivational test to a class of basic education after a class in which they worked the 9-Point Circle using GeoGebra
Este trabalho tem a inten??o de apresentar o softwarede Geometria Din?micaGeoGebra ao aluno do Ensino B?sico. Utiliza-se o GeoGebra como ferramenta para a constru??o din?mica de um passo-a-passo para convencer os alunos da veracidade de resultados que possuem enunciados simples, mas demonstra??es n?o triviais. Foram trabalhados os seguintes teoremas: Teorema de Morley, Teorema de Hiparco, Teorema de Stewart, Teorema de Menelau e Teorema do C?rculo de 9 Pontos. As demonstra??es s?o realizadas rigorosamente, da forma tradicional, e em paralelo ? feito o uso do softwareGeoGebra, dando assim uma vis?o l?dica das demonstra??es. Entende-se que esta abordagem ser? mais atrativa, possibilitando uma melhor compreens?o dos teoremas pelos alunos. O trabalho culmina com a aplica??o de um teste motivacional a uma turma do Ensino B?sico ap?s uma aula em que se trabalhou o Teorema do C?rculo dos 9 Pontos utilizando-se o GeoGebra

This operations research thesis should be situated in the field of the power generation industry. The general objective of this work is to efficiently solve the Generalized Unit Commitment (GUC) problem by means of specialized software. The GUC problem generalizes the Unit Commitment (UC) problem by simultane-ously solving the associated Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem. There are many approaches to solve the UC and OPF problems separately, but approaches to solve them jointly, i.e. to solve the GUC problem, are quite scarce. One of these GUC solving approaches is due to professors Batut and Renaud, whose methodology has been taken as a starting point for the methodology presented herein.
This thesis report is structured as follows. Chapter 1 describes the state of the art of the UC and GUC problems. The formulation of the classical short-term power planning problems related to the GUC problem, namely the economic dispatching problem, the OPF problem, and the UC problem, are reviewed. Special attention is paid to the UC literature and to the traditional methods for solving the UC problem. In chapter 2 we extend the OPF model developed by professors Heredia and Nabona to obtain our GUC model. The variables used and the modelling of the thermal, hydraulic and transmission systems are introduced, as is the objective function. Chapter 3 deals with the Variable Duplication (VD) method, which is used to decompose the GUC problem as an alternative to the Classical Lagrangian Relaxation (CLR) method. Furthermore, in chapter 3 dual bounds provided by the VDmethod or by the CLR methods are theoretically compared.
Throughout chapters 4, 5, and 6 our solution methodology, the Radar Multiplier (RM) method, is designed and tested. Three independent matters are studied: first, the auxiliary problem principle method, used by Batut and Renaud to treat the inseparable augmented Lagrangian, is compared with the block coordinate descent method from both theoretical and practical points of view. Second, the Radar Sub- gradient (RS) method, a new Lagrange multiplier updating method, is proposed and computationally compared with the classical subgradient method. And third, we study the local character of the optimizers computed by the Augmented Lagrangian Relaxation (ALR) method when solving the GUC problem. A heuristic to improve the local ALR optimizers is designed and tested.
Chapter 7 is devoted to our computational implementation of the RM method, the MACH code. First, the design of MACH is reviewed brie y and then its performance is tested by solving real-life large-scale UC and GUC instances. Solutions computed using our VD formulation of the GUC problem are partially primal feasible since they do not necessarily fulfill the spinning reserve constraints. In chapter 8 we study how to modify this GUC formulation with the aim of obtaining full primal feasible solutions. A successful test based on a simple UC problem is reported. The conclusions, contributions of the thesis, and proposed further research can be found in chapter 9.

NASCIMENTO, Eimard Gomes Antunes . Avaliação do software geogebra como instrumento psicopedagógico de ensino em geometria. 2012.113f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2012.
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This current study presents the assessment on Geogebra free software for teaching geometry, as a psycho-pedagogical approach, highlighting resources that facilitate integration and use of program with professors and students’ learning topics. The software can be applied from earlier primary-school students to college ones as well as distance education programs by using internet. Geogebra is a free dynamic mathematic software and multiple-platform for all learning levels, combining geometry, algebra, tables, plotting, graphics, statistics and one-system calculation. The geometry presented was guaranteed and assigned as dynamic geometry and interactive (GDI) that is it, a computer implementation such as: rulers, drawing, square, calipers. Those tools provide motion by keeping construction properties in a static state though, in addition, dynamic motions in order to transforming the computer into a mathematics laboratory where one can perform several technological practices. The study about teaching and learning on geometry and algebra configures itself by means of a descriptive research with exploiting characteristics and almost experimental. The established steps follow as: - re-conception of teaching and learning of mathematics; re-dimension of theories and researches on evaluation. The study of case about assessment of programs on near-by qualitative methodology, in which data and the interface between several presentation of data analysis. We have concluded that the software is innovator and well measured by students and professors who have already used that technology for acquiring knowledge on mathematics and consequently for using in algebra and geometry. Currently, the program is in a long run a great insight and well known throughout.
O estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o software livre Geogebra para o ensino aprendizagem de geometria, como uma ferramenta psicopedagógica, com destaque aos recursos que facilitam a integração e uso do programa com os conteúdos curriculares, professores e alunos. O software pode ser aplicado desde as séries inicias do ensino fundamental, em estudos universitários e em cursos a distância via internet. O Geogebra é um software sobre matemática dinâmica, gratuito e de multi-plataforma para todos os níveis de ensino, que combina geometria, álgebra, tabelas, gráficos, estatística e cálculo em um único sistema. A geometria que apresenta foi validada e designada como Geometria Dinâmica e Interativa (GDI), isto é, uma implementação computacional das tecnologias usadas, tais como: régua, compasso, esquadro e transferidor os quais permitem que os modelos construídos, apesar de estáticos, sejam movidos mantendo as propriedades da construção, acrescenta ainda movimentos dinâmicos e transforma o computador em um laboratório matemático, onde se pode executar várias práticas tecnológicas. O estudo sobre o ensino-aprendizagem da geometria e álgebra se configura por meio de uma pesquisa descritiva de caráter exploratório e quase-experimental. O trabalho desvela a realidade empírica por meio da metodologia quali-quantitativa, na qual se coteja os dados e a interface entre as variáveis qualitativas e quantitativas, mediante os princípios do estudo de caso único com apresentação da análise dos dados. Conclui-se que o programa, além de inovador, é bem aceito pelos alunos e professores que se apropriam desta tecnologia para a aquisição de saberes e conhecimentos em matemática e, por via de consequência, da geometria e álgebra. Atualmente, o programa está em grande expansão e bem divulgado em todo no mundo.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This thesis has the purpose of observing how students from the 2nd year of High School make use of geometric transformations of space when interacting with the environment of Dynamic Geometry Cabri 3D, as well as what kind of reasoning they use when developing activities concerning this content. Thereby, this work intends to answer the following questions: How do students make use of the tools and/or resources of Cabri 3D in order to learn the geometric transformations of space? How does the integration of Cabri 3D interfere in the process of learning these geometric transformations? The methodology adopted used aspects of Didactics Engineering, according to Artigue (1988). The theoretical foundation was the Instrumental Approach of Rabardel (1995) to enable the understanding of how students interact with Cabri 3D and which contents they make use of during the development of a sequence of activities. In addition, the theory of Register of Semiotics Representation of Duval (1995) was used, specifically the apprehensions of a figure. The analyses of the activities which involve notions of geometrical transformation of space helped us realize other possibilities that the instruments can give the subjects as well as different ways of organizing the actions. Moreover, the activities made the development of different strategies easier for students who used the Cabri 3D and students established relationships between the software and mathematical knowledge. We verified the occurrence of Instrumental Genesis, because the students actions showed pre-established schemes or the development of new schemes. At the same time, the use of Cabri 3D helped the perceptive apprehension of the figures and allowed to become dynamic. This way, Cabri 3D permitted the dynamic figural register, facilitated the positional modification and the other modifications of figures, and their visualization
Esta tese teve por objetivo observar como estudantes do segundo ano do Ensino Médio apropriam-se das transformações geométricas no espaço, quando interagem com o ambiente de Geometria Dinâmica Cabri 3D, bem como qual raciocínio mobilizam quando desenvolvem atividades que abrangem esse conteúdo. Assim, a pesquisa pretendeu responder às seguintes questões: de que maneira, os estudantes apropriam-se das ferramentas e/ou recursos do Cabri 3D na aprendizagem das transformações geométricas no espaço? Como a integração do Cabri 3D interfere no processo de aprendizagem dessas transformações geométricas? A metodologia do estudo apoiou-se nos pressupostos da Engenharia Didática de Artigue (1988). O referencial teórico baseou-se na Abordagem Instrumental de Rabardel (1995a) para compreender como os alunos interagem com o Cabri 3D e quais conteúdos mobilizam no desenvolvimento da sequência de atividades e na teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica de Duval (1995), especificamente, nas diferentes apreensões de uma figura. A análise das atividades ajudou a perceber outras possibilidades que os instrumentos podem oferecer aos sujeitos e as diferentes maneiras de organizar suas ações. Além disso, as atividades facilitaram o desenvolvimento de distintas estratégias no uso do Cabri 3D e o estabelecimento de relações entre o software e os conhecimentos matemáticos dos estudantes. Constatou-se a ocorrência do processo de Gênese Instrumental, visto que as ações dos alunos evidenciaram esquemas de utilização preestabelecidos ou o desenvolvimento de novos esquemas. Ao mesmo tempo, o uso do Cabri 3D facilitou a apreensão perceptiva das figuras e permitiu dinamizá-las. Nesse sentido, o Cabri 3D propiciou o registro figural dinâmico, facilitou a modificação posicional e as outras modificações das figuras, além de auxiliar em sua visualização

La thèse étudie la sécurité de la technologie ARM TrustZone dans le cadre des SoCs complexes hétérogènes. La thèse présente des attaques matérielles qui touchent des éléments de l’architecture des SoCs et elle présente aussi des stratégies de contremesure
The thesis studies the security of the ARM TrustZone technology in the context of complex heterogeneous SoCs. The thesis presents hardware attacks that affect elements of the SoCs architecture and it also presents countermeasure strategies

The dissertation with the title The dynamics of changes in the quality of sugar beet after foliar feeding and application of auxiliary plant preparations summarizes the results of field trial carried out in 2012 and 2013. Various paramethers were monitored: changing the quality of sugar beet during the growth, comparison the influence of solid fertilizers and foliar feeding, as well as the application of fungicides. The dynamics of nutrient intake during vegetation was monitored. The obtained data was possible to compared with the results of Hrusovany sugar refinery. The harvest results were then evaluated, including evaluation of qualititave parameters. Finally the monitoring of the accumulation of nutrient intake during vegatetion was carried out, 6 macro and 3 micro elements were monitored. The yield of root was higher for all variant where fertilizers were applied in compared with control variants. The highest yield of root was achieved in both years with using foliar feeding, after application of fertilizer Fertiactyl Starter in combination with nitrogen nutrition.

A digital adaptive slope control (DASC) technique is presented to improve the dynamic response and efficiency of a current programmed mode (CPM) buck converter employing a low-cost auxiliary phase. Compared to the existing nonlinear control techniques, the advantages of the proposed control scheme include superior voltage droop and settling time, and on-line calibration to compensate for tolerance in the inductance. The proposed technique is experimentally verified on a 500 kHz, 10 V to 2.5 V CPM buck converter prototype. Charge balancing and optimal transient response are achieved for a range of positive and negative load steps. In addition, compared to a representative single phase converter, the proposed system not only has better dynamic response but also achieves 2 % heavy-load and 10 % light-load steady-state efficiency improvement. The impact of the auxiliary phase operation on the converter’s dynamic efficiency is also evaluated at different load step amplitudes and frequencies.

Due to the fierce competition inherent in the aviation industry combined with low profitability and high operating costs, airlines are called upon to pursue additional revenue in order to be financially sustainable. This research work examines the offer of the airlines seeking to understand the needs of passengers and the opportunities that potentially arise from them. In collaboration with TAP Air Portugal, the path is to innovate in the areas of ancillary services by improving the value proposition offered to passengers and by selling more through direct channels. Passenger’s travelling journey is analyzed trying to understand passenger preferences along this process. The relationship between the passenger and the airline specifically on passenger trust, airline reliability and acceptance of new products and services are explored. Lastly, it is also analyzed the possibility of airlines in reselling the airplane tickets. Through the design and execution of an online survey, primary data was collected from the responses of 300 air passengers in order to explore passenger needs and the potential of innovative airline products and services. Therefore, through statistical analysis, it was found the reasons that make passengers not to acquire their airplane ticket directly with the airline. It was found that passengers are not satisfied with the information obtained and that they feel the need of being well advised to properly plan and make their trips. It was also found that passengers demonstrate a positive acceptance to exchange their airplane ticket, to a similar date, as long as they are refunded for doing so.
Devido à forte concorrência inerente à indústria da aviação, combinada com baixos lucros e custos operacionais significativos, as companhias aéreas necessitam captar receitas adicionais para serem financeiramente sustentáveis. Este trabalho de pesquisa examina as companhias aéreas procurando perceber as necessidades dos passageiros e as oportunidades que daí surjam. Em colaboração com a TAP Air Portugal, o caminho passa pela inovação na venda de "ancillaries" aumentando a proposta de valor ao cliente e vendendo mais nos canais diretos. Assim, a jornada de viagem do passageiro é analisada tentando perceber as suas preferências ao longo deste processo. A relação do passageiro com as companhias aéreas nomeadamente aos níveis de confiança, fiabilidade e aceitação de novos produtos e serviços são explorados. Por último, foi também analisada a possibilidade de as companhias aéreas revenderem os bilhetes de avião. Através da criação e execução de um inquérito online foram obtidos dados relativamente a 300 passageiros que usualmente viajam de avião de modo a explorar as suas necessidades e potenciais inovações em produtos e serviços. Assim, através de analises estatísticas, foram apuradas as razões que levam os passageiros a não adquirir o seu bilhete de avião diretamente com a companhia aérea. Foi apurado que os passageiros não estão satisfeitos com a informação que obtêm e que sentem a necessidade em serem devidamente aconselhados ao fazerem as suas viagens. Foi também apurado que os passageiros demonstram um nível positivo de aceitação para trocarem o seu bilhete de avião, para uma data próxima, se forem reembolsados para o fazer.