Relevant bibliographies by topics / Auxiliary channels

Academic literature on the topic 'Auxiliary channels'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 July 2024
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Auxiliary channels":

1

Dvorak, Nolan M., Paul A. Wadsworth, Pingyuan Wang, Jia Zhou, and Fernanda Laezza. "Development of Allosteric Modulators of Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels: A Novel Approach for an Old Target." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 21, no. 10 (June 17, 2021): 841–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026621666210525105359.

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Given their primacy in governing the action potential (AP) of excitable cells, voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels are important pharmacological targets of therapeutics for a diverse array of clinical indications. Despite historically being a traditional drug target, therapeutics targeting Nav channels lack isoform selectivity, giving rise to off-target side effects. To develop isoform-selective modulators of Nav channels with improved target-specificity, the identification and pharmacological targeting of allosteric sites that display structural divergence among Nav channel isoforms represents an attractive approach. Despite the high homology among Nav channel α subunit isoforms (Nav1.1-Nav1.9), there is considerable amino acid sequence divergence among their constituent C-terminal domains (CTD), which enables structurally and functionally specific protein: protein interactions (PPI) with auxiliary proteins. Although pharmacological targeting of such PPI interfaces between the CTDs of Nav channels and auxiliary proteins represents an innovate approach for developing isoform-selective modulators of Nav channels, appreciable modulation of PPIs using small molecules has conventionally been difficult to achieve. After briefly discussing the challenges of modulating PPIs using small molecules, this current frontier review that follows subsequently expounds on approaches for circumventing such difficulties in the context of developing small molecule modulators of PPIs between transmembrane ion channels and their auxiliary proteins. In addition to broadly discussing such approaches, the implementation of such approaches is specifically discussed in the context of developing small molecule modulators between the CTD of Nav channels and auxiliary proteins. Developing allosteric modulators of ion channels by targeting their PPI interfaces with auxiliary proteins represents an innovative and promising strategy in ion channel drug discovery that could expand the “druggable genome” and usher in first-in-class PPI-targeting therapeutics for a multitude of channelopathies.
2

Flockerzi, Veit, and Bernd Fakler. "TR(i)P Goes On: Auxiliary TRP Channel Subunits?" Circulation Research 134, no. 4 (February 16, 2024): 346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.123.323178.

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Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels are a diverse family of channels whose members play prominent roles as cellular sensors and effectors. The important role of TRP channels (and mechanosensitive piezo channels) in the complex interaction of our senses with the environment was underlined by the award of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to 2 pioneers in this field, David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian. There are many competent and comprehensive reviews on many aspects of the TRP channels, and there is no intention to expand on them. Rather, after an introduction to the nomenclature, the molecular architecture of native TRP channel/protein complexes in vivo will be summarized using TRP channels of the canonical transient receptor potential subfamily as an example. This molecular architecture provides the basis for the signatures of native canonical transient receptor potential currents and their control by endogenous modulators and potential drugs.
3

Hoshi, Toshinori, Rong Xu, Shangwei Hou, Stefan H. Heinemann, and Yutao Tian. "A point mutation in the human Slo1 channel that impairs its sensitivity to omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid." Journal of General Physiology 142, no. 5 (October 14, 2013): 507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201311061.

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Long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at nanomolar concentrations reversibly activate human large-conductance Ca2+- and voltage-gated K+ (Slo1 BK) channels containing auxiliary β1 or β4 subunits in cell-free patches. Here we examined the action of DHA on the Slo1 channel without any auxiliary subunit and sought to elucidate the biophysical mechanism and the molecular determinants of the DHA sensitivity. Measurements of ionic currents through human Slo1 (hSlo1) channels reveal that the stimulatory effect of DHA does not require activation of the voltage or Ca2+ sensors. Unlike gating of the hSlo1 channel, that of the Drosophila melanogaster Slo1 (dSlo1) channel is unaltered by DHA. Our mutagenesis study based on the differential responses of human and dSlo1 channels to DHA pinpoints that Y318 near the cytoplasmic end of S6 in the hSlo1 channel is a critical determinant of the stimulatory action of DHA. The mutation Y318S in hSlo1, which replaces Y with S as found in dSlo1, greatly diminishes the channel’s response to DHA with a 22-carbon chain whether β1 or β4 is absent or present. However, the responses to α-linolenic acid, an omegea-3 fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain, and to arachidonic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid with a 20-carbon chain, remain unaffected by the mutation. Y318 in the S6 segment of hSlo1 is thus an important determinant of the electrophysiological response of the channel to DHA. Furthermore, the mutation Y318S may prove to be useful in dissecting out the complex lipid-mediated modulation of Slo1 BK channels.
4

Zhou, Zijing, Xiaonuo Ma, Yiechang Lin, Delfine Cheng, Navid Bavi, Genevieve A. Secker, Jinyuan Vero Li, et al. "MyoD-family inhibitor proteins act as auxiliary subunits of Piezo channels." Science 381, no. 6659 (August 18, 2023): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adh8190.

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Piezo channels are critical cellular sensors of mechanical forces. Despite their large size, ubiquitous expression, and irreplaceable roles in an ever-growing list of physiological processes, few Piezo channel–binding proteins have emerged. In this work, we found that MyoD (myoblast determination)–family inhibitor proteins (MDFIC and MDFI) are PIEZO1/2 interacting partners. These transcriptional regulators bind to PIEZO1/2 channels, regulating channel inactivation. Using single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy, we mapped the interaction site in MDFIC to a lipidated, C-terminal helix that inserts laterally into the PIEZO1 pore module. These Piezo-interacting proteins fit all the criteria for auxiliary subunits, contribute to explaining the vastly different gating kinetics of endogenous Piezo channels observed in many cell types, and elucidate mechanisms potentially involved in human lymphatic vascular disease.
5

Jones, Lisa P., Shao-kui Wei, and David T. Yue. "Mechanism of Auxiliary Subunit Modulation of Neuronal α1E Calcium Channels." Journal of General Physiology 112, no. 2 (August 1, 1998): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.112.2.125.

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Voltage-gated calcium channels are composed of a main pore-forming α1 moiety, and one or more auxiliary subunits (β, α2δ) that modulate channel properties. Because modulatory properties may vary greatly with different channels, expression systems, and protocols, it is advantageous to study subunit regulation with a uniform experimental strategy. Here, in HEK 293 cells, we examine the expression and activation gating of α1E calcium channels in combination with a β (β1–β4) and/or the α2δ subunit, exploiting both ionic- and gating-current measurements. Furthermore, to explore whether more than one auxiliary subunit can concomitantly specify gating properties, we investigate the effects of cotransfecting α2δ with β subunits, of transfecting two different β subunits simultaneously, and of COOH-terminal truncation of α1E to remove a second β binding site. The main results are as follows. (a) The α2δ and β subunits modulate α1E in fundamentally different ways. The sole effect of α2δ is to increase current density by elevating channel density. By contrast, though β subunits also increase functional channel number, they also enhance maximum open probability (Gmax/Qmax) and hyperpolarize the voltage dependence of ionic-current activation and gating-charge movement, all without discernible effect on activation kinetics. Different β isoforms produce nearly indistinguishable effects on activation. However, β subunits produced clear, isoform-specific effects on inactivation properties. (b) All the β subunit effects can be explained by a gating model in which subunits act only on weakly voltage-dependent steps near the open state. (c) We find no clear evidence for simultaneous modulation by two different β subunits. (d) The modulatory features found here for α1E do not generalize uniformly to other α1 channel types, as α1C activation gating shows marked β isoform dependence that is absent for α1E. Together, these results help to establish a more comprehensive picture of auxiliary-subunit regulation of α1E calcium channels.
6

Jiao, Yunjing, Qijing Lin, Kun Yao, Na Zhao, Dan Xian, Fuzheng Zhang, Qingzhi Meng, Bian Tian, and Zhuangde Jiang. "Design of High-Precision Parallel AWG Demodulation System." Micromachines 14, no. 9 (August 25, 2023): 1662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14091662.

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Here, we present a high-precision demodulation method that supports the arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) system, which includes a 1 × 8 AWG as the primary filter with a 0.5 nm channel spacing and a 1 × 4 AWG as the auxiliary filter with a 1 nm channel spacing. The high precision is achieved through an innovative method of decoupling three channels, involving two adjacent channels of the primary filter and one channel of the secondary auxiliary filter. Simulation results show that the AWGs have a good transmission spectrum with crosstalk below −24.8 dB, non-uniformities below 0.8 dB, insertion loss below −3.7 dB, 3 dB bandwidth of 0.25 nm, and 10 dB bandwidth of 0.43 nm. The interrogation precision can reach 8 pm, with a dynamic range of 0.4 nm, corresponding to a single FBG.
7

Dvorak, Nolan M., Cynthia M. Tapia, Aditya K. Singh, Timothy J. Baumgartner, Pingyuan Wang, Haiying Chen, Paul A. Wadsworth, Jia Zhou, and Fernanda Laezza. "Pharmacologically Targeting the Fibroblast Growth Factor 14 Interaction Site on the Voltage-Gated Na+ Channel 1.6 Enables Isoform-Selective Modulation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 24 (December 17, 2021): 13541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413541.

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Voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels are the primary molecular determinant of the action potential. Among the nine isoforms of the Nav channel α subunit that have been described (Nav1.1-Nav1.9), Nav1.1, Nav1.2, and Nav1.6 are the primary isoforms expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). Crucially, these three CNS Nav channel isoforms display differential expression across neuronal cell types and diverge with respect to their subcellular distributions. Considering these differences in terms of their localization, the CNS Nav channel isoforms could represent promising targets for the development of targeted neuromodulators. However, current therapeutics that target Nav channels lack selectivity, which results in deleterious side effects due to modulation of off-target Nav channel isoforms. Among the structural components of the Nav channel α subunit that could be pharmacologically targeted to achieve isoform selectivity, the C-terminal domains (CTD) of Nav channels represent promising candidates on account of displaying appreciable amino acid sequence divergence that enables functionally unique protein–protein interactions (PPIs) with Nav channel auxiliary proteins. In medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a critical brain region of the mesocorticolimbic circuit, the PPI between the CTD of the Nav1.6 channel and its auxiliary protein fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) is central to the generation of electrical outputs, underscoring its potential value as a site for targeted neuromodulation. Focusing on this PPI, we previously developed a peptidomimetic derived from residues of FGF14 that have an interaction site on the CTD of the Nav1.6 channel. In this work, we show that whereas the compound displays dose-dependent effects on the activity of Nav1.6 channels in heterologous cells, the compound does not affect Nav1.1 or Nav1.2 channels at comparable concentrations. In addition, we show that the compound correspondingly modulates the action potential discharge and the transient Na+ of MSNs of the NAc. Overall, these results demonstrate that pharmacologically targeting the FGF14 interaction site on the CTD of the Nav1.6 channel is a strategy to achieve isoform-selective modulation, and, more broadly, that sites on the CTDs of Nav channels interacted with by auxiliary proteins could represent candidates for the development of targeted therapeutics.
8

Sinha, Ashish, Haodong Gu, Namwoon Kim, and Renu Emile. "Signaling effects and the role of culture: movies in international auxiliary channels." European Journal of Marketing 53, no. 10 (October 7, 2019): 2146–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-09-2017-0587.

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Purpose Given the high uncertainty in the quality perception of experiential products, manufacturers use signals to influence consumers’ decisions. In the movie industry, literature shows that performance of the main channel (e.g. cinema) strongly influences the performance of auxiliary channels (e.g. DVDs). The success of a movie in the home country is also to be resonated by its good performance in host countries. However, the cultural contingency of these success-breeds-success (SBS) effects has not been examined. This paper aims to test the influence of cultural values on the SBS effects across channels and countries. Design/methodology/approach Borrowing concepts from the signaling literature and analyzing DVD sales data from six international markets using a multilevel mixed-effects model, the study finds that culture plays a significant role to influence both SBS effects. Findings In countries with low power distance, short-term orientation and high indulgence, consumers who purchase from auxiliary channels are more likely to be influenced by the box office performance of movies. Meanwhile, cultural distance between the home and host nations significantly decreases the cross-national SBS effect. Research limitations/implications The findings are likely to be generalized to online auxiliary channels of movies, but empirical testing is required to ensure that no major adaptation is required in the process. Future research can also extend the framework of this paper to include more countries into the analysis and investigate cultural variables beyond Hofstede’s dimensions. Practical implications This paper suggests that the SBS effects may vary across nations. When managers plan for the sequential distributions of experiential products, the cultural values of target markets should be considered to decrease the uncertainty in sales prediction. Originality/value This paper contributes to the existing literature by investigating the international auxiliary channels of movies and incorporating cultural values into the framework of sequential distributions. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to test the links between the main and auxiliary channels from an international marketing perspective.
9

Brown, Austin L., Zhiwen Liao, and Miriam B. Goodman. "MEC-2 and MEC-6 in the Caenorhabditis elegans Sensory Mechanotransduction Complex: Auxiliary Subunits that Enable Channel Activity." Journal of General Physiology 131, no. 6 (May 26, 2008): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200709910.

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The ion channel formed by the homologous proteins MEC-4 and MEC-10 forms the core of a sensory mechanotransduction channel in Caenorhabditis elegans. Although the products of other mec genes are key players in the biophysics of transduction, the mechanism by which they contribute to the properties of the channel is unknown. Here, we investigate the role of two auxiliary channel subunits, MEC-2 (stomatin-like) and MEC-6 (paraoxonase-like), by coexpressing them with constitutively active MEC-4/MEC-10 heteromeric channels in Xenopus oocytes. This work extends prior work demonstrating that MEC-2 and MEC-6 synergistically increase macroscopic current. We use single-channel recordings and biochemistry to show that these auxiliary subunits alter function by increasing the number of channels in an active state rather than by dramatically affecting either single-channel properties or surface expression. We also use two-electrode voltage clamp and outside-out macropatch recording to examine the effects of divalent cations and proteases, known regulators of channel family members. Finally, we examine the role of cholesterol binding in the mechanism of MEC-2 action by measuring whole-cell and single-channel currents in MEC-2 mutants deficient in cholesterol binding. We suggest that MEC-2 and MEC-6 play essential roles in modulating both the local membrane environment of MEC-4/MEC-10 channels and the availability of such channels to be gated by force in vivo.
10

Williams, Brittany, Josue A. Lopez, J. Wesley Maddox, and Amy Lee. "Functional impact of a congenital stationary night blindness type 2 mutation depends on subunit composition of Cav1.4 Ca2+ channels." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 50 (October 8, 2020): 17215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.014138.

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Voltage-gated Cav1 and Cav2 Ca2+ channels are comprised of a pore-forming α1 subunit (Cav1.1-1.4, Cav2.1-2.3) and auxiliary β (β1-4) and α2δ (α2δ−1−4) subunits. The properties of these channels vary with distinct combinations of Cav subunits and alternative splicing of the encoding transcripts. Therefore, the impact of disease-causing mutations affecting these channels may depend on the identities of Cav subunits and splice variants. Here, we analyzed the effects of a congenital stationary night blindness type 2 (CSNB2)-causing mutation, I745T (IT), in Cav1.4 channels typical of those in human retina: Cav1.4 splice variants with or without exon 47 (Cav1.4+ex47 and Cav1.4Δex47, respectively), and the auxiliary subunits, β2X13 and α2δ-4. We find that IT caused both Cav1.4 splice variants to activate at significantly more negative voltages and with slower deactivation kinetics than the corresponding WT channels. These effects of the IT mutation, along with unexpected alterations in ion selectivity, were generally larger in channels lacking exon 47. The weaker ion selectivity caused by IT led to hyperpolarizing shifts in the reversal potential and large outward currents that were evident in channels containing the auxiliary subunits β2X13 and α2δ-4 but not in those with β2A and α2δ-1. We conclude that the IT mutation stabilizes channel opening and alters ion selectivity of Cav1.4 in a manner that is strengthened by exclusion of exon 47 and inclusion of β2X13 and α2δ-4. Our results reveal complex actions of IT in modifying the properties of Cav1.4 channels, which may influence the pathological consequences of this mutation in retinal photoreceptors.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Auxiliary channels":

1

Yasuda, Takahiro. "Modulation of calcium channel function and toxin sensitivity by auxiliary subunits /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18052.pdf.

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2

Molinarolo, Steven. "Biochemical techniques for the study of voltage-gated sodium channel auxiliary subunits." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6217.

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Voltage-gated sodium channels auxiliary subunits evolutionary emerged nearly 500 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion. These subunits alter one the most important ion channels to electrical signaling, the voltage-gated sodium channels support the propagation of electric impulses in animals. The mechanism for the auxiliary subunits effects on the channels is poorly understand, as is the stoichiometry between the auxiliary subunit and the channel. The focus of my thesis is to generate assays and to use these approaches to understand the interactions different types of voltage-gated channels and their auxiliary subunits. A biochemical approach was taken to identify novel interactions between the eukaryotic sodium channel auxiliary subunits and a prokaryotic voltage-gated sodium channel, a protein that diverged from the eukaryotic voltage-gated sodium channels billions of years ago. These interactions between the auxiliary subunits and channels were probed with chemical and photochemical crosslinkers in search of interaction surfaces and similarity to explain the mechanisms of interaction. The work in this thesis identified novel interactions between the voltage-gated sodium channel auxiliary subunits and voltage-gated channels that are distantly related to the voltage-gated sodium channels principally thought to be modulated by the auxiliary subunits. From this work a rudimentary concept can be theorized that the voltage-gated sodium channel β-subunits and not only β1 have a more primary role in electrophysiology by associating with multiple different types of ion channels.
3

Robinson, Philip. "Targeting of voltage-gated calcium channels to lipid rafts : the role of auxiliary alpha2/delta-1 subunits." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/targeting-of-voltagegated-calcium-channels-to-lipid-rafts-the-role-of-auxiliary-alpha2delta1-subunits(db84049c-1445-4486-9e31-34fa4110daf6).html.

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Ca2+ entry through voltage-gated calcium channels (CaVs) triggers a range of physiological events, including synaptic neurotransmission and muscular excito-contraction coupling. CaVs are often localised to discrete membrane microdomains and are required to be targeted to such fine structures in order to perform their cellular functions. CaVs are multi-subunit protein complexes that consist of a core, pore-forming α1 subunit and auxiliary β and α2/δ subunits. The α2/δ subunit is required for the optimal cell surface expression and function of CaVs and is itself localised to cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains called lipid rafts. What is unclear is whether the α2/δ subunit is required for whole CaV complexes to be localised to lipid rafts and what effects lipid raft association has on the cell surface distribution and function of CaVs. By a combination of cellular imaging, biochemistry and electrophysiology, this project shows that the auxiliary α2/δ-1 subunit is both necessary and sufficient to target CaV2.2 to lipid rafts in the COS-7 cell heterologous expression system (Robinson et al, 2010). In addition, α2/δ is localised at the cell surface in discrete puncta and co-localises with two endogenous lipid raft resident proteins, caveolin and flotillin-1. While the punctate cell surface distribution of α2/δ is co-incident with that of caveolin and flotillin-1, its distribution is not dependent on cellular cholesterol, but rather the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton. Additional structure-function analysis by employment of the pIN-α2/δ series of deletion and substitution mutants has shown that the association of α2/δ with lipid rafts is bestowed by an extracellular region of the delta peptide, contrary to other evidence supporting the notion that α2/δ may be a GPI-anchored protein. The exact physiological and functional significance of α2/δ and CaV association with lipid rafts remains poorly understood, but the fact that CaVs are enriched within these fine structures provides a potential mechanism for targeting and access to lipid raft associated signalling pathways.
4

Zhao, Juan. "Biophysical characterization of neuronal and skeletal muscle sodium channels, and their regulation by auxiliary beta subunits." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28793/28793.pdf.

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Les canaux Na dépendants du voltage sont responsables de la phase ascendante des potentiels d’action. Ils sont formés d’une sous-unité principale  et d’une ou plusieurs sous-unités secondaire . La sous-unité  seule est suffisante pour former un canal fonctionnel cependant, les sous-unités  modulent la location, l’expression ainsi que les propriétés fonctionnelles de la sous-unité . Ma thèse ce concentre sur 3 canaux Na neuronaux (Nav1.6, Nav1.7 et Nav1.8) ainsi qu’un canal sodique du muscle squelettique (Nav1.4). Les canaux Na neuronaux sont importants pour la propagation de l’influx électrique tout au long de l’axone. Nav1.7 et Nav1.8 sont les principales sous-unités exprimées dans les ganglions dorsaux. L’altération de l’expression et de la modulation de ces canaux suite à une lésion ou à l’inflammation, joue un rôle important dans la nociception et dans les douleurs chroniques. Nav1.6 est fortement concentré aux nœuds da Ranvier, il y tient un rôle important dans la conduction saltatoire et dans la répétition des potentiels d’action à hautes fréquences. Des mutations sur le canal Nav1.4 provoquent des canalopathies du muscle squelettique. Voici les questions qui ont guidé notre étude : 1) De quel façon les sous-unités  régulent les canaux Na neuronaux Nav1.7 et Nav1.8? 2) Quel anomalie biophysique est provoquée par la mutation M1476I, une mutation liée à l’effet fondateur sur le gène SCN4A qui provoque une myotonie douloureuse induite par le froid chez des Canadiens français? 3) Quels sont les propriétés biophysiques du courant persistant de Nav1.6? 4) Quel est le patron d’expression des sous-unités  et comment celles-ci régulent Nav1.7 dans les neurones de ganglions dorsaux? Afin de répondre à ces questions, plusieurs techniques ont été utilisées, notamment la technique du patch-clamp en configuration cellule entière et l’enregistrement des canaux unitaire sur des systèmes d’expression hétérologue, de la RT-PCR sur les cellules uniques, immunohistochimie et l’immunoprécipitations dans les neurones de ganglions dorsaux. Premièrement, nous avons utilisé la RT-PCR sur les cellules uniques sur des neurones dissociés de ganglions dorsaux pour identifier l’expression des sous unités 1-4 dans les neurones sensitifs de petits diamètres. Nos résultats indiques que les neurones expriment largement Nav1.6 et Nav1.8 et les sous unités 1-3. Pour étudier la régulation par les sous-unités , nous avons co-exprimés les canaux Na avec les sous-unités . La sous-unités 1 provoque une augmentation de la densité de courant de Nav1.8 lorsque co-exprimée dans des cellules HEK293 mais elle n’affecte pas la densité de courant de Nav1.6. Le domaine C-terminale de la sous-unité 1 est fortement impliqué dans la modulation de Nav1.8. Ces résultats proviennent de l’étude de l’effet de chimère 1/2 conservant différentes régions de la sous-unité 1 et de la sous-unité 2. Deuxièmement, nous avons étudié les anomalies biophysiques provoquées par la mutation M1471I de Nav1.4 en utilisant la technique du patch-clamp en mode configuration cellule entière sur des cellules tsA-201. La mutation provoque des effets similaires à d’autres mutations qui provoquent une myotonie aggravé par le potassium, incluant une augmentation du courant persistant, un ralentissement de la décroissance du courant, une dépolarisation de l’inactivation et une accélération de la récupération de l’état inactivé. Un abaissement de la température ralentit les cinétiques pour les canaux mutants et les canaux sauvages, mais il empire le défaut de l’inactivation de la mutation M1476I en augmentant l’amplitude du courant persistant. La mexiletine aide à soulager la myotonie causée par cette mutation en supprimant l’augmentation du courant persistant. Cependant, la mexiletine à une efficacité réduite sur le bloque utilisation-dpendant des canaux mutés M1476I et elle est associée à une récupération plus rapide du bloque provoqué par la mexiletine sur les canaux mutants. Troisièmement, nous avons caractérisé les propriétés du courant persistant de Nav1.6 en mode cellule entière et en courant unitaire dans des cellules HEK293 exprimant ce canal. Nous avons noté que le courant persistant de Nav1.6 est sensible à la composition du milieu intracellulaire et que l’utilisation de CsF au lieu de CsCl rendait ce courant rarement détectable. En substituant le CsF par du CsCl, nous avons montré que l’amplitude du courant persistant de Nav1.6 en mode cellule entière est de 3 à 5% du courant transitoire. Cette amplitude est similaire au ratio observé entre le maximum de probabilité d’ouverture et la probabilité d’ouverture du courant persistant observé en enregistrement de courant unitaire. L’occurrence de la réouverture des canaux explique le courant sodique persistant typique de Nav1.6. Finalement, nous avons utilisé une combinaison des techniques de RT-PCR sur les cellules uniques, immunohistochimie et d’immunoprécipitation pour étudier l’expression des sous-unités  dans différentes sous-population de neurones sensitifs. Les sous-unités  sont différentiellement exprimés dans la population de neurones de petits diamètres des ganglions dorsaux (2, 3) et dans la population de neurones de grands diamètres des ganglions dorsaux (1, 2). L’ARNm de Nav1.7 était significativement co-exprimé avec les sous-unités 2 et 3 dans la même population de neurones de petits diamètres des ganglions dorsaux. Ils forment un complexe protéine-protéine stable et sont colocalisés dans la membrane plasmatique des neurones. Lorsque les sous-unités 3 et 1 sont coexprimés avec Nav1.7, on observe un déplacement de la courbe d’activation et de la courbe d’inactivation ainsi qu’une augmentation marqués du courant de fenêtre. Nos données indiques une expression préférentielle des sous-unités  dans les neurones de petit et de grands diamètres ainsi qu’une régulation spécifique de Nav1.7 dans ces sous populations de neurones sensitifs.
Voltage-gated Na channels are responsible for the rising phase of action potentials, and consist of a pore-forming α subunit and one or more auxiliary β subunits. The α subunit alone is sufficient for the functional expression of Na channels, however, β subunits modulate the location, expression and functional properties of α subunits. My thesis will focus on three neuronal Na channels (Nav1.6, Nav1.7 and Nav1.8) and one skeletal muscle Na channel (Nav1.4). Neuronal Na channel are key players in the impulse propagation along axon. Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 are the main Na channels expressed in DRG neurons, and their altered expression and modulation following injury and inflammation play a major role in nociception and chronic pain. Nav1.6 is highly concentrated at nodes of Ranvier, and has a critical role not only in saltatory conduction but also in high-frequency repetitive firing. Skeletal muscle Na channel Nav1.4 is the initiator of muscle contraction. Mutations in Nav1.4 cause skeletal muscle channelopathies. Guiding questions for our investigations were: 1) How do auxiliary β subunits regulate peripheral nerve Na channel Nav1.6 and Nav1.8? 2) What is the underlying biophysical defect of M1476I, a novel founder SCN4A mutation associated with painful cold-induced myotonia in French Canadians? 3) What is the biophysical characterization of the Nav1.6 persistent current? 4) What is the expression pattern of auxiliary  subunits, and how do β subunits regulate Nav1.7 in DRG neurons? We addressed these questions by multiple approaches including patch clamp techniques for whole-cell and single-channel recordings in heterologous expression systems; immunohistochemistry, single-cell RT-PCR and immunoprecipitation in DRG neurons. Firstly, we employed single-cell RT-PCR of acutely dissociated DRG neurons to identify the expression of β1-4 subunits in small-diameter sensory neurons. Our results indicated that small-diameter DRG neurons widely expressed Nav1.6 and Nav1.8 channels and β1-β3 subunits. Co-expression studies were used to assess the regulation of Nav1.6 and Nav1.8 by β subunits. The β1 subunit induced a significant increase in the current density of Nav1.8 when co-expressed in HEK293 cells, but had no effect on that of Nav1.6. In addition, the C-terminal domain of β1 was involved in the modulation of Nav1.8 channel based on the results of experiments with β1/β2 chimeras harboring various regions of the strongly regulating β1 together with the weakly regulating β2 subunit. Secondly, we investigated the biophysical defects of M1476I mutation in Nav1.4 channels using whole-cell patch-clamp technique in tsA201 cells. M1476I mutant channel exhibited similar biophysical defects compared with other PAM-causing mutations, including an increased persistent current of Nav1.4, a slower current decay, a positive shift of fast inactivation, and an accelerated recovery from fast inactivation. Lowering the temperature slowed the kinetics for both wide-type and mutant channels, and worsened the defective fast inactivation of M1476I channels by further increasing the amplitude of the persistent current. Mexiletine helps relieve myotonia in M1476I carriers by effectively suppressing the increased persistent current, except for the use-dependent block. However, mexiletine had a reduced effectiveness on the use-dependent block of M1476I channels, and that was associated with a faster recovery from mexiletine block of mutant channels. Thirdly, we characterized the whole-cell and single-channel properties of Nav1.6 persistent currents expressed in HEK293 cells. We noted that Nav1.6 persistent current was highly sensitive to the composition of the internal solution, and persistent current was rarely detectable when CsF instead of CsCl was used. By substituting CsF for CsCl in the intracellular solution, we showed that Nav1.6 persistent current in the whole-cell configuration was 3–5% of the peak transient current. This amplitude of persistent current was similar to the ratio between peak and persistent open probability observed in the single-channel recording, indicating that the occurrence of late channel reopenings accounts for the persistent macroscopic Na current typical of Nav1.6. Finally, we employed a combination of single-cell RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and immunoprecipitation to investigate  subunit expression in subpopulations of sensory neurons.  subunits were differentially expressed in small (2, 3) and large (1, 2) DRG neurons. Nav1.7 mRNA was significantly co-expressed with the 2 and 3 subunits in the same population of small-diameter DRG neurons. They formed stable protein-protein interactions and co-localized within the plasma membranes of neurons.When co-expressed in HEK293 cells, 3 and 1 subunits shifted activation and inactivation curves respectively and induced a marked increase in Nav1.7 window current. Our data indicated a preferential expression of  subunits in small and large DRG neurons and a subunit-specific Nav1.7 regulation in these subpopulations of sensory neurons.
Tableau d'honneur de la FÉSP
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Saponaro, A. C. "THE AUXILIARY SUBUNIT TRIP8B ANTAGONIZES THE BINDING OF CAMP TO HCN2 CHANNELS THROUGH AN ALLOSTERIC MECHANISM." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/229903.

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In neurons, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-regulated (HCN1-4) channels are the molecular determinants of the Ih current, which controls several cognitive processes. Unique among the voltage-gated ion channel superfamily, HCN channels are modulated by the direct binding of cAMP to their cytoplasmic cyclic nucleotide binding domain (CNBD). Thus, cyclic nucleotide-dependent conformational changes of CNBD are determinant in the regulation of HCN channel opening. The rearrangements induced by cAMP in HCN CNBD are not yet elucidated, since for this protein is known only the cAMP-bound form. HCN channels are further regulated by their association with the auxiliary protein TRIP8b, which preferentially binds to the cAMP-unbound CNBD and opposes cAMP regulation. Recently, we proposed a cyclic allosteric model to explain the mutual antagonistic effect of TRIP8b and cAMP. Here, to validate this model, we first determined the model structure of the human HCN2 CNBD in the cAMP-unbound form using NMR methodologies. By comparing the cAMP-unbound and cAMP-bound structures we highlighted all the conformational changes allosterically coupled to the channel opening transition. Subsequently, we mapped the TRIP8b binding site onto the cAMP-unbound CNBD. Our results show that cAMP and TRIP8b do not compete for the same binding region, and support our allosteric antagonistic model for the dual regulation of HCN channels by cAMP and TRIP8b.
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Zhou, Wei. "Structural and functional studies on the regulation of K+ channels by local anesthetics and intracellular auxiliary subunits /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3142460.

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Soubrane, Camille Hélène. "Identification of CACHD1 as a novel [alpha]2[delta]-like auxiliary subunit of Cav3 voltage-gated calcium channels." Thesis, University of Reading, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658003.

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The putative CACHD1 gene was identified following a systematic search for ligand-binding proteins as novel drug targets. The CACHD1 gene encodes CACHD1 and has a predicted protein structure similar to that of the [alpha]2[delta] family of voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC) auxiliary subunits, which modulates the biophysical properties and plasma membrane expression of VGCCs. On this basis, the hypothesis that CACHD1 represents a novel [alpha]2[delta]-like VGCC auxiliary subunit was tested.
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Terhag, Jan [Verfasser], Michael [Gutachter] Hollmann, and Guiscard Friedrich Aldous [Gutachter] Seebohm. "Auxiliary subunits of voltage-gated Calcium channels as modulators of ionotropic glutamate receptors / Jan Terhag ; Gutachter: Michael Hollmann, Guiscard Friedrich Aldous Seebohm." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2016. http://d-nb.info/111670952X/34.

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Despang, Patrick Sebastian [Verfasser], Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Isbrandt, and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Plomann. "Autism-related mutations of auxiliary Cavβ-subunits : electrophysiological characterization of effects on the function of voltage-gated calcium channels / Patrick Sebastian Despang ; Akademische Betreuer: Dirk Isbrandt, Markus Plomann." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215226047/34.

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Stephani, Friederike Lene Brigitte [Verfasser]. "α2δ3 is the preferred auxiliary α2δ subunit of Cav2.1 channels in spiral ganglion neurons and is required for development of auditory nerve fiber synapses / Friederike Lene Brigitte Stephani." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216877823/34.

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Book chapters on the topic "Auxiliary channels":

1

Borowik, Sergej, and Henry M. Colecraft. "Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Auxiliary β Subunits." In Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels, 73–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08881-0_4.

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Obermair, Gerald J., and Bernhard E. Flucher. "Neuronal Functions of Auxiliary Calcium Channel Subunits." In Modulation of Presynaptic Calcium Channels, 29–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6334-0_2.

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Matthes, Jan, and Stefan Herzig. "Auxiliary β-Subunits of L-Type Ca2+ Channels in Heart Failure." In Pathologies of Calcium Channels, 255–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40282-1_14.

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Dolphin, Annette C., and Gerald J. Obermair. "Regulation of Calcium Channels and Synaptic Function by Auxiliary α2δ Subunits." In Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels, 93–114. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08881-0_5.

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Molinarolo, Steven, Daniele Granata, Vincenzo Carnevale, and Christopher A. Ahern. "Mining Protein Evolution for Insights into Mechanisms of Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channel Auxiliary Subunits." In Voltage-gated Sodium Channels: Structure, Function and Channelopathies, 33–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/164_2017_75.

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Weik, Martin H. "auxiliary channel." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_1173.

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Ramachandran, Nitya, and P. Yogesh. "Modified Auxiliary Channel Diffie Hellman Encrypted Key Exchange Authentication Protocol." In Information Technology and Mobile Communication, 417–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20573-6_74.

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Pietrobon, D. "Introduction." In Guidebook to Protein Toxins and Their Use in Cell Biology, 167–69. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198599555.003.0058.

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Abstract Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are multisubunit complexes composed of a channel-forming and voltage-sensing a1 subunit and several regulatory and/or auxiliary subunits. They constitute a complex family of channels comprising a large number of different subtypes, which have in common a steep voltage dependence of open probability and a very high selectivity for Ca2+over Na+ and K+ ions in physiological solutions.
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Levitan, Irwin B., and Leonard K. Kaczmarek. "Diversity in the Structure and Function of Ion Channels." In The Neuron, 127–50. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199773893.003.0007.

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Voltage clamp and patch clamp techniques are used to reveal heterogeneity of ion currents carried through voltage-dependent sodium, calcium, and potassium channels. Advances in channel molecular biology have made it clear that the diversity of ion channels is even greater than was suspected from these electrophysiological measurements. This diversity is achieved by several different mechanisms, including the existence of multiple genes for the pore-forming α‎ subunits of ion channels, alternative splicing of the messenger RNA transcribed from each individual gene, formation of heterotetramers containing different α‎ subunits of potassium channels, and modulation of channel properties by auxiliary subunits that may themselves comprise a large and diverse family of proteins. Moreover, potassium channels can be further categorized into voltage-dependent, calcium-dependent, sodium-dependent, two-pore, and inward rectifier channels. Emerging evidence suggests that many human diseases are associated with dysfunction of individual classes of ion channels in neurons.
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Leidenheimer, N. J., J. E. Dildy-Mayfield, and R. A. Harris. "Effect of Ethanol on Voltage-Gated Ion Channels." In The Pharmacology of Alcohol and Alcohol Dependence, 335–55. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195100945.003.0010.

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Abstract In this chapter we review the actions of ethanol on voltage-activated calcium, sodium, and potassium channels, as well as on calcium-activated potassium channels. These channels are critical for the control of neuronal excitability and are responsible for the propagation of nerve impulses and the regulation of neurotransmitter release. Because of their importance, these channels have been examined in detail with diverse techniques. Molecular biological approaches have helped elucidate their protein structure and have provided evidence for their heterogeneity and genetic diversity. Voltage-gated ion channels are composed of (1) principal subunits that are responsible for ion conductance and (2) auxiliary sub-units that are responsible for some physiological properties needed for normal function, such as level of expression, kinetics of activation/inactivation, and voltage dependence of channel gating.

Conference papers on the topic "Auxiliary channels":

1

Fertonani, D., and T. M. Duman. "Upper Bounding the Deletion Channel Capacity by Auxiliary Memoryless Channels." In ICC 2009 - 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2009.5199553.

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Wu, Yiting, Chuansheng Yang, Chao Wang, Hongming Chen, and Qihong Ye. "Low-light image enhancement combining dehazing and auxiliary channels." In 3rd International Conference on Advanced Algorithms and Signal Image Processing (AASIP 2023), edited by Kannimuthu Subramaniam and Pavel Loskot. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3005867.

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Wang, Shengde, Zhenqiang Yao, Hong Shen, and Guohu Luo. "Numerical Analysis on the Hydraulic Performance of the Auxiliary Impeller in Large Capacity Canned-Motor Pump." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87285.

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A special structure named auxiliary impeller is designed in the large capacity canned-motor pump to improve the performance of inner loop cooling system. The structure is set on the rotor shaft using the center hole as the inlet conduit and four holes perpendicular to the center hole as the blade channels. The auxiliary impeller is driven by the rotor shaft of the motor and functions as a centrifugal pump. The inner coolant circulates in the clearance of the pump under the effect of centrifugal force generated by the impeller. In this paper, the output pressure of the auxiliary impeller at different rotational speeds is investigated by numerical simulation. Three geometric parameters including the diameter of the inlet channel, the diameter of the blade flow channel, and the rotating radius are considered in the research. The pressure drop curves of the auxiliary impeller at different rotational speeds are drawn and a mathematical model is given to interpret it. The results show that both the three geometric parameters have influence on the output performance of the auxiliary impeller, and the diameter of the blade channel and the length of the rotating radius are the primary factors.
4

Li, Wenming, Fanghao Yang, Tamanna Alam, Benli Peng, Xiaopeng Qu, and Chen Li. "Enhanced Flow Boiling in Microchannels Using Auxiliary Channels and Multiple Micronozzles." In ASME 2016 5th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2016-6712.

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Flow boiling in an array of five parallel microchannels (W=200 μm, H=250 μm, L=10 mm) can be dramatically enhanced using self-excited and self-sustained high frequency two-phase oscillations induced by two-nozzle configuration. However, the effect of the two-phase oscillations is confined to the downstream of the microchannels. In this study, four-nozzle microchannel configuration is developed with an aim to extend mixing to the entire channel. Flow boiling in the four-nozzle microchannel is experimentally studied with deionized water over a mass flux range of 120 to 600 kg/m2 s. Overall average heat transfer coefficient (HTC) is significantly enhanced approximately 54.5% by extending the enhanced multi-channel mixing to the whole channel. It is equally important that the pressure drop can be further reduced by approximately 50%. Compared with previous two-nozzle design, four-nozzle configuration not only extends the mixing to the whole channel but also increase nucleation sites, which has been confirmed by visualization study to promote nucleation boiling.
5

Phung, Cao Vien, Anna Engelmann, Thomas Kuerner, and Admela Jukan. "Improving THz Quality-of-Transmission with Systematic RLNC and Auxiliary Channels." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops49005.2020.9145148.

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Halevi, Tzipora, and Nitesh Saxena. "On pairing constrained wireless devices based on secrecy of auxiliary channels." In the 17th ACM conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1866307.1866319.

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Shinmoto, Yasuhisa, Shinichi Miura, Koichi Suzuki, Yoshiyuki Abe, and Haruhiko Ohta. "Development of Advanced High Heat Flux Cooling System for Power Electronics." In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89082.

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Recent development in electronic devices with increased heat dissipation requires severe cooling conditions and an efficient method for heat removal is needed for the cooling under high heat flux conditions. Most researches are concentrated on small semiconductors with high heat flux density, while almost no existing researches concerning the cooling of a large semiconductor, i.e. power electronics, with high heat generation density from a large cooling area. A narrow channel between parallel plates is one of ideal structures for the application of boiling phenomena which uses the cooling for such large semiconductors. To develop high-performance cooling systems for power electronics, experiments on increase in critical heat flux (CHF) for flow boiling in narrow channels by improved liquid supply was conducted. To realize the cooling of large areas at extremely high heat flux under the conditions for a minimum gap size and a minimum flow rate of liquid supplied, the structure with auxiliary liquid supply was devised to prevent the extension of dry-patches underneath flattened bubbles generated in a narrow channel. The heating surface was experimented in two channels with different dimensions. The heating surfaces have the width of 30mm and the lengths of 50mm and 150mm in the flow direction. A large width of actual power electronics is realizable by the parallel installation of the same channel structure in the transverse direction. The cooling liquid is additionally supplied via sintered metal plates from the auxiliary unheated channels located at sides or behind the main heated channel. To supply the liquid to the entire heating surface, fine grooves are machined on the heating surface for enhance the spontaneous liquid supply by the aid of capillary force. The gap size of narrow channels are varied as 0.7mm, 2mm and 5mm. Distribution of liquid flow rate to the main heated channel and the auxiliary unheated channels were varied to investigate its effect on the critical heat flux. Test liquids employed are R113, FC72 and water. The systematic experiments by using water as a test liquid were conducted. Critical heat flux values larger than 2×106W/m2 were obtained at both gap sizes of 2mm and 5mm for a heated length of 150mm. A very high heat transfer coefficient as much as 1×105W/m2K was obtained at very high heat flux near CHF for the gap size of 2mm. This paper is a summary of experimental results obtained in the past by the present authors.
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Petrov, Nikolay V., Azat O. Ismagilov, Egor N. Oparin, Vladimir S. Shumigai, Anastasiia K. Lappo-Danilevskaia, Boris A. Nasedkin, and Anton N. Tsypkin. "Ghost imaging with auxiliary multiplex channels: a review of the latest results." In Speckle 2023: VIII International Conference on Speckle Metrology, edited by Yechuan Zhu, Wei Wang, and Weiguo Liu. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3021804.

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Han, Yafei, and Guolong Liang. "Blind Multi-User Detection Based on Auxiliary Particle Filter in Fading CDMA Channels." In 2009 International Conference on E-Business and Information System Security (EBISS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ebiss.2009.5137947.

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Miura, Shinichi, Yukihiro Inada, Yasuhisa Shinmoto, and Haruhiko Ohta. "Development of Cooling System for a Large Area at High Heat Flux by Using Flow Boiling in Narrow Channels." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82279.

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Advance of an electronic technology has caused the increase of heat generation density for semiconductors densely integrated. Thermal management becomes more important, and a cooling system for high heat flux is required. It is extremely effective to such a demand using flow boiling heat transfer because of its high heat removal ability. To develop the cooling system for a large area at high heat flux, the cold plate structure of narrow channels with auxiliary unheated channel for additional liquid supply was devised and confirmed its validity by experiments. A large surface of 150mm in heated length and 30mm in width with grooves of an apex angle of 90 deg, 0.5mm depth and 1mm in pitch was employed. A structure of narrow rectangular heated channel between parallel plates with an unheated auxiliary channel was employed and the heat transfer characteristics were examined by using water for different combinations of gap sizes and volumetric flow rates. Five different liquid distribution modes were tested and their data were compared. The values of CHF larger than 1.9×106W/m2 for gap size of 2mm under mass velocity based on total volumetric flow rate and on the cross section area of main heated channel 720kg/m2s or 1.7×106W/m2 for gap size of 5mm under 290kg/m2s were obtained under total volumetric flow rate 4.5×10−5m3/s regardless of the liquid distribution modes. Under several conditions, the extensions of dry-patches were observed at the upstream location of the main heated channel resulting burnout not at the downstream but at the upstream. High values of CHF larger than 2×106W/m2 were obtained only for gap size of 2mm. The result indicates that higher mass velocity in the main heated channel is more effective for the increase in CHF. It was clarified that there is optimum flow rate distribution to obtain the highest values of CHF. For gap size of 2mm, high heat transfer coefficient as much as 7.4×104W/m2K were obtained at heat flux 1.5×106W/m2 under mass velocity 720kg/m2s based on total volumetric flow rate and on the cross section area of main heated channel. Also to obtain high heat transfer coefficient, it is more useful to supply the cooling liquid from the auxiliary unheated channel for additional liquid supply in the transverse direction perpendicular to the flow in the main heated channel.

Reports on the topic "Auxiliary channels":

1

Little, Charles, and David Biedenharn. Technical assessment of the Old, Mississippi, Atchafalaya, and Red (OMAR) Rivers : channel geometry analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45147.

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The Old River Control Complex (ORCC) consists of the Low Sill, Auxiliary, and Overbank structures as features of the Old River Control Structure (ORCS) and the privately owned hydro-electric power plant. Operations of the ORCC manage the hydrologic connectivity between the Mississippi River and the Atchafalaya River/Red River systems. The morphology of the Old, the Mississippi, the Atchafalaya, and the Red Rivers (OMAR) has been influenced by the flow distribution at the ORCC, as well as the accompanying bed sediments. A geomorphic assessment of the OMAR is underway to understand the morphological changes associated with operation of the ORCC. Supporting the geomorphic assessment, a channel geometry analysis herein documents observed adjustments of the affected river channels. Historical hydrographic survey data were used in the Geographic Information System to create river channel geometric models, which inform the analysis. Geometric parameters for cross sections and volume polygons were computed for each survey and evaluated for morphological trends which may be ascribed to the influence of the ORCC. Additionally, the geometric parameters for the Atchafalaya River were used to extend the geometry analyses from the 1951 Mississippi River Commission report on the Atchafalaya River, which was the primary catalyst for the initial development of the ORCS.
2

Pokryshen, Dmytro A., Evgeniy H. Prokofiev, and Albert A. Azaryan. Blogger and YouTube services at a distant course “Database management system Microsoft Access”. [б. в.], September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3272.

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The article is devoted to the coverage of the course “Database management system Microsoft Access”, an educational blog review “The development of a creative child. ІCТ”, which is used as an auxiliary tool for promoting a course and teacher in the Internet, structural analysis of this blog is made. The channel location is set on YouTube video hosting and how it is used in the course on databases. Attention is drawn to the fact that theoretical and practical material is considered on real, implemented informational and analytical systems. To prepare students for the Olympiads and provide methodological help teachers of computer science are looking at tasks from databases that were offered at the All-Ukrainian Olympiads on Information Technologies, especially II, III and IV stages (offline and online Olympiads), which are located in open access to the blog and YouTube channel. The main focus of the article is devoted to the practical side of teaching teachers of computer science, experience in using the above technologies.

To the bibliography