Journal articles: 'Auxiliare'

1

Abiko, Atsushi, Osamu Moriya, Sandra A. Filla, and Satoru Masamune. "Benzopyranoisoxazolidine als Auxiliare für die asymmetrische Synthese." Angewandte Chemie 107, no. 7 (March 31, 1995): 869–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19951070713.

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Kunz, Horst, and Karola Rück. "Kohlenhydrate als chirale Auxiliare in der stereoselektiven Synthese." Angewandte Chemie 105, no. 3 (March 1993): 355–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19931050305.

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Reißig, Hans-Ulrich. "Zucker als chirale Auxiliare für die Synthese enantiomerenreiner Verbindungen." Angewandte Chemie 104, no. 3 (March 1992): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19921040308.

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Lacôte, Emmanuel, Bénédicte Delouvrié, Louis Fensterbank, and Max Malacria. "Radikalcyclisierungs/β-Eliminierungs-Dominoreaktionen: enantiomerenreine Sulfoxide als temporäre chirale Auxiliare." Angewandte Chemie 110, no. 15 (August 3, 1998): 2219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19980803)110:15<2219::aid-ange2219>3.0.co;2-l.

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Müller, Roland, Helmut Goesmann, and Herbert Waldmann. "N,N-Phthaloylaminosäuren als chirale Auxiliare in asymmetrischen Mannich-Reaktionen." Angewandte Chemie 111, no. 1-2 (January 15, 1999): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19990115)111:1/2<166::aid-ange166>3.0.co;2-j.

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Sikorska, Marta. "Problemy organizacyjne kobiecego ruchu kombatanckiego w II Rzeczypospolitej." Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy 23, no. 3 (2022): 93–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.32089/wbh.phw.2022.3(281).0004.

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The article discusses the activities of the female veteran’s movement in the Second Polish Republic. Organizational problems associated with the activities of the movement are analyzed, with particular emphasis being placed on internal ideological disputes that existed within the movement, which intensified after 1926. Issues surrounding Polish representation on the international stage and the activities of the Polish representation in FIDAC Auxiliare after 1932 are also discussed.

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Waldmann, Herbert. "Aminosäuremethylester als chirale Auxiliare in Aza-Diels-Alder-Reaktionen in wäßriger Lösung." Angewandte Chemie 100, no. 2 (February 1988): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19881000234.

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Christoffers, Jens, and Alexander Mann. "Neue chirale Auxiliare für den Aufbau quartärer Stereozentren durch kupferkatalysierte Michael-Reaktionen." Angewandte Chemie 112, no. 15 (August 4, 2000): 2871–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3757(20000804)112:15<2871::aid-ange2871>3.0.co;2-y.

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Kotin, Michail L. "Valenz und Afinitheit." Studia Germanica Gedanensia, no. 39 (December 20, 2018): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/sgg.2018.39.06.

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Auf den ersten Blick scheinen beide Titelbegriffe kontradiktorisch zu sein, setzt ja die klassische verbozentrische Valenztheorie, deren Anhänger auch der Geehrte ist, eine weit verstandene „Verbalität“ als konstitutives inhaltlich‑propositionales Satzkriterium voraus, wobei die Finitheit von den meisten deutschen Grammatikforschern zum unveräußerlichen formalen Satzkriterium erklärt wird. So gelten z.B. sämtliche infinite Prädikationen schlechtweg als kommunikative Minimaläußerungen, doch wird ihnen der „normale“ Satzstatus abgesprochen (vgl. Zifonun et al. 1997). Auf der anderen Seite gibt es in vielen Sprachen (so in der Slavia, aber auch in älteren germanischen Sprachen, im Griechischen, zum Teil im Latein) viele vollwertige Satzstrukturen, die formal infinit sind. Auch in der deutschen Gegenwartssprache sind mehrfach satzartige Konstruktionen mit vollprädikativem Inhaltswert, dabei aber ohne finites Verb vorhanden. Viele davon fallen unter den Begriff der Afinitheit (vgl. u.a. Riecke 2012, Kotin 2014), vgl. Was vergangen, kehrt in der gleichen Gestalt nie wieder. Wird bei der Deskription der Valenzstruktur derartiger Sätze oder satzartiger Äußerungen das klassische (Engel’sche) Valenzmodell angewandt, so ergibt dies keine rasanten Unterschiede bei finiten und afiniten Satzsyntagmen, da finite Auxiliare und Kopulae darin grundsätzlich als nicht valenzfähig behandelt werden. Schwieriger wird es allerdings, wenn angenommen wird, dass Kopulae und Auxiliare zumindest eine strukturelle Valenz besitzen und Regentia bezüglich der hierarchisch niedrigeren Vollverben darstellen (vgl. Eroms 2000). In diesem Fall sollen afinite Sätze als Ellipsen eingeordnet und entsprechend syntaktisch behandelt werden. Dieses recht komplizierte und komplexe theoretische Problem der Dependenzgrammatik wird am Beispiel verschiedener Sprachen und unterschiedlicher Entwicklungsstufen, also aus synchroner, kontrastiv‑typologischer und diachroner Sicht betrachtet.

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Link, Andreas. "Terminologie für die Anwendung temporär gebundener, löslichkeitsmodifizierender Auxiliare in der kombinatorischen Chemie – ein kritischer Kommentar." Angewandte Chemie 112, no. 22 (November 17, 2000): 4203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3757(20001117)112:22<4203::aid-ange4203>3.0.co;2-4.

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Evans, David A., David H. Brown Ripin, Jeffrey S. Johnson, and Eileen A. Shaughnessy. "Neue Anwendung vonN-Acylimiden als chirale Auxiliare für Aldol- und Diels-Alder-Reaktionen - enantioselektive Synthese von α-Himachalen." Angewandte Chemie 109, no. 19 (October 2, 1997): 2208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19971091925.

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Palzer, Ralf, Peter Jütten, and Hans-Dieter Scharf. "Chirale Induktion bei photochemischen Reaktionen, IX. Isoselektivität bei der asymmetrischen Paterno-Büchi-Reaktion unter Verwendung von Kohlenhydraten als chirale Auxiliare." Chemische Berichte 122, no. 3 (March 1989): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220316.

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Silva, Rhonan Ferreira da, André da Costa Monini, José Valladares Neto, Luiz Francesquini Júnior, and Eduardo Daruge Júnior. "Percepção dos auxiliares odontológicos na clínica ortodôntica quanto aos seus limites de atuação profissional." Revista Dental Press de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial 14, no. 3 (June 2009): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-54192009000300005.

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INTRODUÇÃO: numa época em que o mercado odontológico exige que os serviços prestados possuam qualidade diferenciada, a utilização adequada de profissionais auxiliares constitui uma ferramenta importantíssima para se obter aumento de produtividade no consultório. Para tanto, a correta utilização dessa ferramenta exige que a equipe auxiliar seja tecnicamente capacitada e envolvida num ambiente onde as funções delegadas estejam fundamentadas nos preceitos éticos e nas bases legais que regem a profissão. OBJETIVO: identificação do perfil técnico da equipe auxiliar, analisando-se a percepção destes profissionais quanto ao seu papel nas atividades pertinentes à clínica ortodôntica, com base na legislação vigente. METODOLOGIA: o presente levantamento foi desenvolvido com base num questionário aplicado a todos os profissionais que auxiliam diretamente os ortodontistas regularmente inscritos no CRO-GO, que atendem nas cidades de Goiânia e Aparecida de Goiânia (GO), no período de maio a julho de 2003. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: verificou-se que diversos procedimentos não estabelecidos nas normas que regem a delegação de funções em Odontologia estão sendo executados pela equipe auxiliar, demonstrando que o conteúdo dessa legislação está sendo ignorado ou descumprido.

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Chi, Daojia. "THE ERROR ANALYSIS OF CHINESE AUXILIARIES ACQUISITION BY UZBEK SPEAKERS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORD ART 1, no. 3 (January 30, 2020): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9297-2020-1-30.

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At present, there is no analysis of the errors in the acquisition of Chinese auxiliaries by Uzbek native speakers in Chinese academic circles. The research in this paper is still the first exploration. This paper firstly gives an overview of the general comparison between Chinese auxiliaries and Uzbek auxiliaries. There are auxiliary words in both Chinese and Uzbek, but their grammatical structures are quite different.Chinese auxiliaries are rich and diverse, and their usages are changeable. The same auxiliary word may have multiple usages

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Newkirk-Turner, Brandi L., Janna B. Oetting, and Ida J. Stockman. "BE, DO, and Modal Auxiliaries of 3-Year-Old African American English Speakers." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, no. 4 (August 2014): 1383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_jslhr-l-13-0063.

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PurposeThis study examined African American English–speaking children's use of BE, DO, and modal auxiliaries.MethodThe data were based on language samples obtained from 48 three-year-olds. Analyses examined rates of marking by auxiliary type, auxiliary surface form, succeeding element, and syntactic construction and by a number of child variables.ResultsThe children produced 3 different types of marking (mainstream overt, nonmainstream overt, zero) for auxiliaries, and the distribution of these markings varied by auxiliary type. The children's nonmainstream dialect densities were related to their marking of BE and DO but not modals. Marking of BE was influenced by its surface form and the succeeding verbal element, and marking of BE and DO was influenced by syntactic construction.ConclusionsResults extend previous studies by showing dialect-specific effects for children's use of auxiliaries and by showing these effects to vary by auxiliary type and children's nonmainstream dialect densities. Some aspects of the children's auxiliary systems (i.e., pattern of marking across auxiliaries and effects of syntactic construction) were also consistent with what has been documented for children who speak other dialects of English. These findings show dialect-specific and dialect-universal aspects of African American English to be present early in children's acquisition of auxiliaries.

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THEAKSTON, ANNA L., and ELENA V. M. LIEVEN. "The acquisition of auxiliaries BE and HAVE: an elicitation study*." Journal of Child Language 32, no. 3 (August 2005): 587–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000905006872.

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Auxiliary syntax is recognized to be one of the more complex aspects of language that children must acquire. However, there is much disagreement among researchers concerning children's early understanding of auxiliaries, with some researchers advocating a relatively abstract grammar as the basis for auxiliary syntax, while others view the acquisition of auxiliary syntax as the gradual accumulation of linguistic knowledge, initially tied to individual lexical items. To investigate the status of children's early knowledge of auxiliary syntax, two studies were carried out. In study 1, 28 children (M=3;1) were tested for their use of the auxiliaries BE and HAVE in declaratives, while in study 2, 19 children (M=3;3) were tested for their use of these auxiliaries in questions. Although overall error rates were low, there were differences between BE and HAVE in the proportion and types of errors observed in declaratives and questions, and some individual children showed very high error rates. The implications of these findings for different models of auxiliary syntax in children's early utterances are discussed.

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Jones, Anamaria. "Auxiliares de marcha em reumatologia." Reabilitação em Reumatologia: estratégias e evidências da atualidade, no. 2014 jul-set;13(3) (September 30, 2014): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46833/reumatologiasp.2014.13.3.42-46.

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Para que uma pessoa se mantenha estável em pé ou andando, a linha de força do centro de massa do corpo deve cair dentro da base de sustentação, que é a área limitada por uma linha de conexão entre todos os pontos de apoio. Com o uso de um auxiliar de marcha, aumenta-se a base de sustentação, melhorando o equilíbrio, além de dividir a descarga de peso do corpo com o membro superior devido à força aplicada através de uma alavanca do braço. Além disto, os auxiliares de marcha propiciam ao paciente uma maior confiança para realizar suas atividades, e diminuem os riscos de quedas (1,2,3,4). Auxiliares de marcha como a bengala, a muleta e o andador auxiliam pacientes com deficiências na amplitude de movimento, força, estabilidade articular, coordenação e resistência. Acredita-se que, diminuindo a descarga de peso nas articulações afetadas, esses equipamentos auxiliariam na diminuição das dores, contribuindo para a maior independência dos pacientes reumáticos (5). É necessário que seja considerado se o paciente tem equilíbrio, coordenação e consciência suficiente para manipular os auxiliares de marcha. Torna-se necessário também avaliar se o paciente possui o membro superior saudável, além de considerar se o indivíduo possui força suficiente. Deve-se levar em conta então que, na extremidade superior, os grupos musculares mais usados são os depressores do ombro, extensores do cotovelo, extensores de punho e flexores dos dedos e, na extremidade inferior, os músculos mais usados são os extensores e abdutores do quadril e extensores do joelho (6). Informações sobre a utilização destes auxiliares de marcha são escassas na literatura, e muito ainda é baseado na opinião do especialista (5). Poucos estudos mostram o benefício do uso da bengala para paciente com OA de joelho. Para outras doenças do aparelho locomotor, bem como para os outros tipos de auxiliares de marcha, evidências de boa qualidade são inexistentes.

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VERHAGEN, JOSJE. "Verb placement in second language acquisition: Experimental evidence for the different behavior of auxiliary and lexical verbs." Applied Psycholinguistics 32, no. 4 (April 21, 2011): 821–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716411000087.

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ABSTRACTThis study investigates the acquisition of verb placement by Moroccan and Turkish second language (L2) learners of Dutch. Elicited production data corroborate earlier findings from L2 German that learners who do not produce auxiliaries do not raise lexical verbs over negation, whereas learners who produce auxiliaries do. Data from elicited imitation and sentence matching support this pattern and show that learners can have grammatical knowledge of auxiliary placement before they can produce auxiliaries. With lexical verbs, they do not show such knowledge. These results present further evidence for the different behavior of auxiliary and lexical verbs in early stages of L2 acquisition.

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Malak, Janusz. "The English Auxiliary Clusters as a Case of the Grammatical Category Concentricity." Anglica Wratislaviensia 60 (December 30, 2022): 105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0301-7966.60.7.

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The English auxiliary clusters are unique among similar clusters in Indo-European languages in their structure, which is characterized by sequentiality. The lack of any possibility of reversing the sequence auxiliaries in such clusters begs the question concerning this strict ordering as the reflection of mutual relations obtaining between grammatical categories rendered by periphrastic formations based on those auxiliaries. As will be indicated in the present article, this strict sequentiality characterizing the position of auxiliaries is the reflection of the relations between the grammatical categories signalled by periphrastic formations participating in auxiliary clusters, which is characterized by concentricity in the sense that one grammatical category is embedded in another category.

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Julien, Manuela, Roeland van Hout, and Ineke van de Craats. "Meaning and function of dummy auxiliaries in adult acquisition of Dutch as an additional language." Second Language Research 32, no. 1 (August 4, 2015): 49–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658315595677.

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This article presents the results of experimental data on language production and comprehension. These show that adult learners of Dutch as an additional language, with different language backgrounds, and a L2 proficiency below level A2 (Waystage) of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR; Council of Europe, 2001), use dummy auxiliaries as a structural device and interpret them as semantically vacuous. Proficiency level in the target language, more than language background, seems to determine the occurrence of dummy auxiliaries, and also which dummy auxiliary is used. Participants at a lower level of language acquisition use both dummy auxiliaries zijn (‘be’) and gaan (‘go’), whereas more advanced learners continue using predominantly dummy auxiliary gaan. These findings suggest that both dummy auxiliaries have a trigger function in setting the step from nonfinite utterances, to utterances with dummy auxiliaries carrying morphological information, and finally to utterances in which the morphological information is carried by the finite verb.

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Tang, Ju, and Hai Feng Wang. "Study on Low-Temperature Dyeing of Cashmere Fiber." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.665.

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In order to save energy and decrease the damage of cashmere in dyeing processing, adding low-temperature dyeing auxiliary for cashmere dyeing is introduced in this paper. Some processing factors such as pH value, dyeing temperature and concentration of two different low-temperature dyeing auxiliaries are studied. The results show that the low-temperature auxiliary addition strategy successfully improved the mechanical properties of dyed cashmere, compared with the traditional cashmere dyeing method. The optimized conditions are shown as follows: 7g/L of low-temperature dyeing auxiliaries A (LTD-A) or 10g/L of low-temperature dyeing auxiliaries B (LTD-B), pH at 4, first dyeing for 15 min at 40 oC and then dyeing for 60 min at 80 oC.

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LEVINE, ROBERT D. "Auxiliaries: To's company." Journal of Linguistics 48, no. 1 (December 6, 2011): 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002222671100034x.

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In a 1982 paper in the journal Glossa, Pullum outlined a set of arguments for treating English infinitival to as a defective auxiliary verb. Twenty years later, in his entry on infinitival constructions in The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (CGEL, 2002), Huddleston argues that several distributional facts about auxiliaries fit poorly with this hypothesis. He proposes, on the basis of significant structural parallels, that to is a subordinator (complementizer). I show that Huddleston's arguments constitute a flawed analysis in CGEL's otherwise superb coverage of English descriptive grammar, and that the facts run strongly counter to his claims, often falling out independently from generalizations about auxiliaries that Huddleston overlooks. Several of these points were anticipated in Pullum's paper, but recent research on an idiosyncratic auxiliary-specific pattern of English nonrestrictive relative clause formation provides a powerful new argument in support of the auxiliary claim. In this respect, as in all others, the assignment of to to the class of auxiliaries provides the simplest and broadest account of its syntactic behavior.

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Hilpert, Martin. "Auxiliaries in spoken Sinhala." Functions of Language 13, no. 2 (November 24, 2006): 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.13.2.12hil.

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This paper discusses whether there are elements in spoken Sinhala that can be appropriately labeled auxiliary verbs, adopting the framework of grammaticalization theory (Hopper and Traugott 1993). While auxiliaries are thought of as a nearly universal cross-linguistic category (Steele 1978), the term is not mentioned in standard works on Sinhala (Gair and Paolillo 1997, Gair 1998). On the basis of elicited data, it is argued that a number of elements can be fruitfully analyzed as auxiliaries, while other elements resist such a classification, and thus pose a challenge to current definitions of the term auxiliary in grammaticalization theory.

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Delmonico, Eduardo Luiz, Arcioni Ferrari Constantino, and Charles Carneiro. "Uso de polímeros catiônicos e aniônicos como produtos auxiliares no tratamento de água." Revista Mosaicos: Estudos em Governança, Sustentabilidade e Inovação 2, no. 1 (December 17, 2020): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37032/remos.v2i1.48.

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Os procedimentos de coagulação, floculação e decantação têm, cada vez mais, assumido maior importância operacional em processos de tratamento de água, em razão da ótima relação custo-benefício. Quando a incidência de chuvas aumenta e, consequentemente, a turbidez da água in-natura dos rios destinados ao abastecimento das cidades, há necessidade do emprego de novas e mais eficientes tecnologias no tratamento, como por exemplo, o emprego de polímeros auxiliares de floculação. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de polímeros catiônico e aniônico como produtos auxiliares ao policloreto de alumínio (PAC) no processo de coagulação e floculação da Estação de Tratamento de Água (ETA) Pirapó, Maringá - PR. A turbidez da água foi analisada sob as seguintes condições: i) somente PAC; ii) PAC + polímero auxiliar aniônico; iii) PAC + polímero auxiliar catiônico. A quantidade de sólidos gerada e aspectos econômico-financeiros da utilização dos polímeros auxiliares também foram avaliados. A adição do polímero apresentou resultados bastante satisfatórios, alcançando 99,96% de remoção de turbidez (0,26 NTU na água produzida); com melhor desempenho quanto maior a turbidez da água in-natura. Também houve uma redução da necessidade de limpeza de decantadores proporcionada pela maior redução de turbidez associada à presença do polímero auxiliar. Quanto ao lodo, naturalmente como esperado, observou-se maior produção em função da maior turbidez (períodos chuvosos). A redução de custos no processo de tratamento ocasionada pelo uso dos polímeros catiônico e aniônico variou entre 17 e 21%.

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Westwell, Andrew D., and Jonathan M. J. Williams. "Auxiliary accelerated reactions: Towards the use of catalytic chiral auxiliaries." Tetrahedron 53, no. 38 (September 1997): 13063–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00829-6.

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Corrêa, Adriana Katia, and Jader Naves dos Reis. "Prescrição de enfermagem no centro de terapia intensiva: estudo comparativo das opiniões dos enfermeiros e pessoal auxiliar de enfermagem." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 44, no. 2-3 (September 1991): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71671991000200007.

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Refletindo a prática em um Centro de Terapia Intensiva, nós indagamos se a prescrição de enfermagem vem realmente coordenando as ações de enfermagem efetuadas pelo pessoal auxiliar. Com o objetico principal de conhecer e confrontar as opiniões dos enfermeiros e do pessoal auxiliar quanto ao conteúdo da prescrição de enfermagem, aplicamos um questionário a 5 enfermeiros, 19 auxiliares e 1 atendente de enfermagem. Como uma das discordâncias, cerca de 80% do pessoal auxiliar não indicou a necessidade dos itens de higiene serem prescritos para serem efetuados, enquanto 67% dos enfermeiros indicaram tal necessidade. Como uma das concordâncias, 67% dos enfermeiros e 85% do pessoal auxiliar não indicaram a necessidade de prescrever orotraqueal para que seja efetuada. Mudanças no conteúdo da prescrição de enfermagem são sugeridas.

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Cui, Shu Ling, and Jian Peng Liu. "Selection and Application of Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching Auxiliary for Wine Corks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 700 (December 2014): 294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.700.294.

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The paper expounded theoretically the requirements for choosing the auxiliaries in wine corks bleaching with hydrogen peroxide. Then, the analysis to the imported auxiliary CATALOR was described by chemical and instrumental means. In the end, ammonium bicarbonate was selected as the bleaching auxiliary according to the results both theoretical and experimental analysis, and its application process parameters were proposed.

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Fajardo Zapata, Álvaro Luis. "Síndrome de burnout en auxiliares de enfermería (Burnout syndrome in auxiliary nursing)." Inclusión & Desarrollo 2, no. 2 (June 22, 2015): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26620/uniminuto.inclusion.2.2.2015.62-68.

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Introducción: El síndrome de Burnout es un complejo de signos y síntomas que se expresan en razón a la exposición a agentes que generan estrés a la que está sometido el trabajador. Objetivo: determinar si un grupo de auxiliares de enfermería que cursan estudios superiores presentan el síndrome de Burnout. Materiales y métodos: estudio exploratorio descriptivo transversal; se aplicó el cuestionario Maslach Burnout Questionnaire (MBI); se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo intencional; participaron ciento treinta y cuatro auxiliares de enfermería. Resultados: el agotamiento emocional, la despersonalización y la mínima realización personal como indicadores de riesgo de estrés mostraron niveles muy bajos. Quienes presentaron el mayor riesgo de estrés evaluados en los tres ítems fueron las auxiliares mayores de treinta y cinco años. Conclusiones: las auxiliares de enfermería que cursan estudios superiores en enfermería no presentaron indicadores que pudieran hacer pensar que en el momento en que se realizó el estudio estuvieran presentando niveles altos de estrés.

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Schneider, Jorge, and Vanessa Battestin Nunes. "APLICATIVOS DIGITAIS NO CONTEXTO DO ENSINO DE MATEMÁTICA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DOS ALUNOS POR MEIO DE OFICINAS TEMÁTICAS." Revista Eletrônica Sala de Aula em Foco 8, no. 2 (April 24, 2020): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36524/saladeaula.v8i2.605.

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Este trabalho objetivou analisar aplicativos móveis (apps) auxiliares ao processo de aprendizagem da matemática, visando também incentivar o uso desses como ferramentas auxiliares aaprendizagem da disciplina de matemática, por meio da realização de uma oficina com aplicativos móveis na escola. A atividade envolveu 54 alunos da rede pública do Estado do Espírito Santo. Os alunos foramdesafiados a selecionar aplicativos digitais com potencial para auxiliar a aprendizagem da matemática. Assim, apresentaram 15 apps de diversas áreas da matemática, como álgebra, geometria, estatística eprobabilidade. Os resultados apontam entusiasmo e satisfação dos alunos com a atividade. A pesquisa constatou que muitos alunos já utilizavam aplicativos digitais, mas que após a oficina, o interesse emconhecer a fundo esses aplicativos aumentou significativamente. Assim, nota-se o potencial das tecnologias digitais em motivar e auxiliar o processo de aprendizagem da matemática, sendo necessária a formação eapropriação do professor acerca do uso pedagógico dessas.

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DYE, CRISTINA D. "Reduced auxiliaries in early child language: Converging observational and experimental evidence from French." Journal of Linguistics 47, no. 2 (December 14, 2010): 301–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002222671000037x.

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Since early studies in language development, scholars have noticed that function words, in particular auxiliaries, often appear to be missing in early speech, with the result that child utterances sometimes exhibit verbs with non-finite morphology in seemingly matrix clauses. This has led to the idea of a ‘deficit’ in the child's syntactic representations. In contrast with previous studies, this article explores the possibility that the child's phonology may considerably impact her overt realization of auxiliaries. Specifically, it examines the hypothesis that non-finite verbs in early speech are in fact attempted periphrastics (i.e. auxiliary/modal+non-finite verb) in which the auxiliaries are just reduced phonetically, often to the point where they remain unpronounced. We studied 28 normally developing French-speaking children aged between 23 and 37 months. New observational data uncovered a continuum in a given child's phonetic realizations of auxiliaries. Children showed various levels of auxiliary reduction, suggesting that their non-finite verbs are best analyzed as being part of periphrastics involving an auxiliary form that represents the endpoint on this continuum, i.e. is (completely) deleted. Further examination of these verbs revealed that their semantics corresponds to the semantics of adult periphrastics. Additionally, the results of an experiment where children imitated sentences with either periphrastic or synthetic verbs showed that responses with non-finite verbs were predominantly produced when the target sentence involved a periphrastic, rather than a synthetic verb.

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Alcantara, Christian Mendez, and Adriana Roseli Wünsch Takahashi. "Strategic planning applied to the training of Dental Assistants and Dental Hygienists: the experience of the Technical School, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil." Revista da ABENO 6, no. 1 (January 29, 2006): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30979/rev.abeno.v6i1.1444.

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Este artigo relata a experiência de construção do planejamento estratégico nos Cursos de Auxiliar de Consultório Dental (ACD) e de Técnico em Higiene Dental (THD) da Escola Técnica (ET) da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). O planejamento demonstrou ser muito útil na elaboração e implementação de estratégias e na melhoria dos Cursos de ACD e THD. Pode também auxiliar outros cursos auxiliares, técnicos e de graduação em Odontologia, além de orientar o Cirurgião-Dentista, que tem formação escassa ou inexistente na área, para o gerenciamento de serviços de saúde bucal públicos e/ou privados.

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Sabrish, Sharanya, K. Sadashiva Shetty, and AT Prakash. "Light wire auxiliaries with pre-adjusted edgewise appliance to control individual incisor torque." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 5 (December 29, 2014): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-1407.148030.

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Torque control of individual incisors using pre-adjusted edgewise (PAE) appliance is a common clinical challenge. In order to overcome the inherent disadvantages of the PAE appliance in efficiency of torque delivery, the use of light wire auxiliaries for early control of the roots of the instanding tooth in the alignment stage itself has been described using the case report. A case of an 18-year-old female patient with the chief complaint of irregularly placed upper front teeth has been described. Treatment was carried out by extraction of four premolars and the resolution of crowding and the incorporation of light wire auxiliaries with PAE appliance has been described. For the alignment of 42 which was lingually displaced, and to bring it into the arch by bodily displacement rather than labial tipping, a LIght wire auxiliary (Mollenhauer aligning auxiliary) was used in conjunction with PAE appliance. The biomechanical advantages of the procedure have been highlighted. The use of light wire auxiliaries have definite advantages and hence should be a part of our armamentarium to handle such cases. Light wire auxiliaries offer us a biomechanically superior and economical alternative to apply torque forces on incisors.

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AMBRIDGE, BEN, CAROLINE F. ROWLAND, ANNA L. THEAKSTON, and MICHAEL TOMASELLO. "Comparing different accounts of inversion errors in children's non-subject wh-questions: ‘What experimental data can tell us?’." Journal of Child Language 33, no. 3 (August 2006): 519–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000906007513.

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This study investigated different accounts of children's acquisition of non-subject wh-questions. Questions using each of 4 wh-words (what, who, how and why), and 3 auxiliaries (BE, DO and CAN) in 3sg and 3pl form were elicited from 28 children aged 3;6–4;6. Rates of non-inversion error (Who she is hitting?) were found not to differ by wh-word, auxiliary or number alone, but by lexical auxiliary subtype and by wh-word+lexical auxiliary combination. This finding counts against simple rule-based accounts of question acquisition that include no role for the lexical subtype of the auxiliary, and suggests that children may initially acquire wh-word+lexical auxiliary combinations from the input. For DO questions, auxiliary-doubling errors (What does she does like?) were also observed, although previous research has found that such errors are virtually non-existent for positive questions. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.

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Prado, Giuliani Do, and Alberto Colombo. "COMPOSIÇÃO DE PERFIS RADIAIS DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA DE ASPERSORES." IRRIGA 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2009): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2009v14n1p41-53.

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COMPOSIÇÃO DE PERFIS RADIAIS DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA DE ASPERSORES Giuliani do Prado; Alberto ColomboDepartamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, giulianip@bol.com.br 1 RESUMO Este trabalho descreve um procedimento de composição do perfil radial de aspersores que operam com dois bocais. Foram determinados na bancada de ensaios de aspersores da Universidade Federal de Lavras, em Lavras/MG, os valores de vazão e perfil radial do aspersor PLONA-RL250 operando, individualmente, com os bocais principais 14 e28 mme com os bocais auxiliares 5, 6 e7 mm, e operando, nas diferentes seis combinações de bocal auxiliar e principal do aspersor, sob cinco pressões de serviço (292, 392, 490, 588 e 696 kPa). No processo de composição do perfil radial realizado, ajustando a vazão dos bocais auxiliar e principal, operando individualmente, a vazão do aspersor operando com o conjunto de bocais auxiliar e principal, verificou-se um coeficiente de determinação médio de 88,57% entre as intensidades de precipitação adimensionais dos perfis radiais compostos com os perfis radiais do conjunto. Na relação linear, ajustada, entre os valores de uniformidade de equipamentos autopropelidos de irrigação, obtidos com os perfis radiais compostos e do conjunto, a inclinação da reta foi igual a 44°12’com um erro relativo médio de 2,34%. Estes resultados mostram que o procedimento de composição do perfil radial de aspersores não influencia, de maneira significativa, na uniformidade de aplicação de água de aspersores. UNITERMOS: bocais do aspersor, vazão do aspersor, uniformidade de irrigação. PRADO, G. DO; COLOMBO, A. SPRINKLER WATER DISTRIBUTION COMPOSITIONS 2 ABSTRACT This paper described a procedure to compose a sprinkler pattern for a sprinkler that operates with two nozzles. To compose the pattern, discharge values and patterns of the PLONA-RL250 sprinkler were determined at the sprinkler test bench of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, in Lavras/MG. The tests were conducted with all possible combinations using 14mm and28 mmmain nozzles and the 5, 6 and7 mmauxiliary nozzles as well as with each nozzle functioning individually. Five working pressures (294, 392, 490, 588 and 686 kPa) were used for each nozzle configuration. In the pattern composition process, by adjusting the main and auxiliary nozzle discharges operating individually, and by adjusting the sprinkler discharge operating with the corresponding pair of main and auxiliary nozzles, it was verified that the average determination coefficient was 88.57% between the dimensionless water application rate of the composed and pair patterns. In the adjusted linear relation, between the uniformity values of a travel irrigation machine obtained from the composed and pair patterns, the inclination was 44° 12' with an average relative error of 2.34%. These results show that the procedure to compose a sprinkler pattern for sprinklers does not influence significantly the water application uniformity of sprinklers. KEY WORDS: sprinkler nozzles, sprinkler flow rate, irrigation uniformity

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Shatz, Marilyn, Erika Hoff-Ginsberg, and Douglas Maciver. "Induction and the acquisition of English auxiliaries: the effects of differentially enriched input." Journal of Child Language 16, no. 1 (February 1989): 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900013477.

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ABSTRACTChildren aged 2;0 to 2;6 participated in a longitudinal study examining their acquisition of the English auxiliary system following a six-week period in which they were exposed to additional auxiliary input in varying sentence contexts. Groups of children received enrichment utterances with the auxiliary could either in first position in the sentence, in middle position, or in both positions. Children in the front position group were significantly advanced over the other experimental groups in acquiring modal auxiliaries but not non-modals. However, none of the experimental groups differed significantly from a baseline group which received no additional could input. The implications of these findings for understanding the mechanisms of auxiliary acquisition and the nature of children's grammatical categories are discussed.

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Gross, Maurice. "Lemmatization of compound tenses in English." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 22, no. 1-2 (December 31, 1999): 71–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.22.1-2.06gro.

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We generalize the process of lemmatization of verbs to their compound tenses. Usually, lemmatization is limited on verbs conjugated by means of suffixes; tense auxiliaries and modal verbs (e.g. I have left, I am leaving, I could leave) are ignored. We have constructed a set of 83 finite-state grammars which parse auxiliary verbs and thus recognizes the ‘head verb’, that is, the lemma. We generalize the notion of auxiliary verb to verbs with sentential complements which have transformed constructions (e.g. I want to go) that can be parsed in exactly the same way as tense auxiliaries or modal verbs. Ambiguities arise, in particular because adverbial inserts occur inside the compound verbs,. We show how local grammars describing nominal contexts can be used to reduce the degree of ambiguity.

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Newkirk-Turner, Brandi L., Janna B. Oetting, and Ida J. Stockman. "Development of Auxiliaries in Young Children Learning African American English." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 47, no. 3 (July 2016): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_lshss-15-0063.

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Purpose We examined language samples of young children learning African American English (AAE) to determine if and when their use of auxiliaries shows dialect-universal and dialect-specific effects. Method The data were longitudinal language samples obtained from two children, ages 18 to 36 months, and three children, ages 33 to 51 months. Dialect-universal analyses examined age of first form and early uses of BE, DO, and modal auxiliaries. Dialect-specific analyses focused on rates of overt marking by auxiliary type and syntactic construction and for BE by surface form and succeeding element. Results Initial production of auxiliaries occurred between 19 and 24 months. The children's forms were initially restricted and produced in syntactically simple constructions. Over time, they were expanded in ways that showed their rates of marking to vary by auxiliary type, their rates of BE and DO marking to vary by syntactic construction, and their rates of BE marking to vary by surface form and succeeding element. Conclusions Development of auxiliaries by young children learning AAE shows both dialect-universal and dialect-specific effects. The findings are presented within a development chart to guide clinicians in the assessment of children learning AAE and in the treatment of AAE-speaking children with language impairment.

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Reissig, Hans-Ulrich, Arndt Hausherr, and Reinhold Zimmer. "Additions of Carbohydrate-Derived Alkoxyallenes to Imines and Subsequent Reactions to Enantiopure 2,5-Dihydropyrrole Derivatives." Synthesis 51, no. 02 (September 4, 2018): 486–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1609942.

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The additions of six alkoxyallenes bearing carbohydrate-derived chiral auxiliaries to imines were systematically studied. The reactions of three lithiated 1-alkoxypropa-1,2-dienes with an N-tosyl imine revealed that the diacetone fructose-derived auxiliary provided the highest diastereoselectivity of 91:9. The preferred absolute configuration of the newly formed stereogenic center was determined by subsequent ozonolysis of the allene moiety, transesterification and comparison with literature data. The analogous reactions of three axially chiral 3-nonyl-substituted 1-alkoxyallenes with these auxiliaries confirm these results and also prove that the configuration of the generated stereogenic center was only steered by the auxiliaries, whereas the chiral axis has essentially no influence. In general, four diastereomers were obtained in various portions, depending on the ratio of the two precursor allene diastereomers and on the auxiliary employed. The obtained diastereomeric allenyl amines were cyclized under different conditions. As expected, under basic conditions, a stereospecific cyclization occurred, whereas under silver nitrate catalysis partial isomerization at the allene stage was observed. Under both conditions the 2,5-cis-disubstituted dihydropyrroles were formed faster than the trans-isomers. Several of the 2-substituted or 2,5-disubstituted dihydropyrrole derivatives could be isolated in diastereomerically pure form and were subsequently converted into the expected pyrrolidin-3-ones by removal of the carbohydrate-derived auxiliary under acidic conditions. The desired products were obtained in good yield and with high enantiopurity. They are suitable starting materials for the synthesis of enantiopure pyrrolidine natural products.

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Mohd Asamudin A. Rahman, Fatin Alias, and Mohd Hairil Mohd. "Flow Past of a Drilling Riser System with Auxiliary Lines in Laminar Flow." CFD Letters 15, no. 2 (January 20, 2023): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.15.2.101113.

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Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) has emerged as a crucial problem that may arise during a drilling operation, which could result in riser failure. Engineers focus on drilling riser's flow characteristics and controls with the intention of improving the drilling environment. Auxiliary lines or control rods are usually placed around the main drilling riser to suppress the VIV. However, the issue related to the flow past drilling riser system with auxiliaries has yet to be resolved. The flow characteristics around a riser system with auxiliaries were analysed in this research. The simulations were conducted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, Altair AcuSolve. This work focuses on the influence of various gap ratios (G/D) and diameter ratios (d/D) on the vortex interaction. A main cylinder with six auxiliary lines was modelled with G/D of 0 to 2.0 and d/D of 0.10 to 0.60 to simulate the riser system. The simulations were carried out at Reynold Number of 200 in the laminar flow regime. The results revealed that the hydrodynamic forces decreased when d/D and G/D increased. The vortex shedding was significantly reduced for auxiliary lines with G/D between 0.3 and 1.4. The numerical simulation results indicated that the vortex interaction in the wake region was, and the hydrodynamic forces were reduced due to the auxiliary lines configurations. The findings of this study are intended to contribute a new CFD simulation result for a better prediction of VIV on a drilling riser with auxiliary lines.

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van de Craats, Ineke, and Roeland van Hout. "Dummy auxiliaries in the second language acquisition of Moroccan learners of Dutch: Form and function." Second Language Research 26, no. 4 (September 24, 2010): 473–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658310373328.

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This study examines an interlanguage in which Moroccan learners of Dutch use non-thematic verbs in combination with thematic verbs that can be inflected as well. These non-thematic verbs are real dummy auxiliaries because they are deprived of semantic content and primarily have a syntactic function. Whereas in earlier second language (L2) research only patterns with ‘be’ were found for learners of three Germanic languages with various first language (L1) backgrounds, an alternative dummy auxiliary pattern was observed with ‘go’ in the data of the Moroccan learners of Dutch. We argue that the auxiliary pattern with ‘go’ is bootstrapped by the unique similarities between Dutch (L2) and Arabic (L1). The emergence of dummy auxiliaries precedes movement of the thematic verb, and it turns out that adult L2 learners can be plainly focused on expressing syntactic properties.

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Bravo, Ana, Luis García, and Diego Gabriel Krivochen. "On Auxiliary Chains: Lexical and Functional Auxiliaries at the syntax-semantics interface." Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/1.4.2.3612.

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The present paper is focused on the study of those relations that auxiliary verbs can establish among themselves when chained in a sequence. Regarding those sequences, which in Spanish can be considerably long, the literature has displayed primarily interest in formulating a set of principles that can predict possible relative orderings among auxiliaries. On the contrary, our paper delves into a less walked path: the description of relations established within an auxiliary chain. We will start from the traditional definition of auxiliary verb as a unit that modifies the ‘main’ or ‘lexical’ verb, and proceed to show that such a conception makes the wrong predictions when it comes to explain those internal relations, for it only accounts for a subset of the cases. This explanatory problem is common to both traditional and more formal models. In our opinion, the distinction between between <em>lexical </em>and <em>functional</em> auxiliaries that we propose in this work, in the context of a dynamic computational model that includes and derives this distinction, allows us to overcome these shortcomings of traditional analyses.

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Beliën,, Maaike. "Dutch manner of motion verbs: Disentangling auxiliary choice, telicity and syntactic function." Cognitive Linguistics 23, no. 1 (February 2012): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2012-0001.

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AbstractDutch manner of motion verbs play a prominent role in the literature on unaccusativity. As these verbs can take both hebben ‘have’ and zijn ‘be’ as their perfective auxiliaries, they are considered to show both unergative and unaccusative behavior. The general consensus is that these verbs normally take hebben, yet occur with zijn if they are ‘telicized’ by an endpoint, and that the auxiliaries are diagnostics for the syntactic status of prepositional phrases (PPs). The paper presents attested data that reveal that this generalization is untenable: there are examples that take the opposite auxiliary from what the generalization predicts. To account for the full set of data, the paper takes a cognitive-grammar perspective, arguing that auxiliary choice, telicity and syntactic status of PPs are independent issues requiring their own explanations. Auxiliary choice is analyzed in terms of alternate construals of a motion event: with hebben as a type of act and with zijn as a change of location. In this manner, the paper adds to a growing body of literature that questions the usefulness of the coarse unergative–unaccusative distinction, advocating a ‘local analysis’ instead.

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Botne, Robert. "The curious case of auxiliary -manya in Lwitaxo." Studies in African Linguistics 38, no. 2 (June 15, 2009): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v38i2.107288.

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Lwitaxo, one of the Luhya languages of Kenya, has an auxiliary verb of the form -many’a that occurs in compound constructions that express either a generic reading (“normally do V”) or a culminative reading (“ended up V-ing”). This verb is identical in form to the lexical verb -many’a ‘(come to) know’. However, while there are attested cases of KNOW verbs grammaticalizing as habitual/generic auxiliaries, there are no such attestations of KNOW verbs grammaticalizing as indicators of culmination. The author proposes that auxiliary -many’a is the unique result of a convergence of factors—sound change, morphophonological analogy, and semantic reinterpretation—that led an original auxiliary, -mala ‘finish’, to shift in form to resemble lexical -many’a.

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Dragomirescu, Adina, and Alexandru Nicolae. "Romance and Croatian in Contact: Non-Clitic Auxiliaries in Istro-Romanian." Languages 6, no. 4 (November 13, 2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6040187.

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This paper focuses on Istro-Romanian and argues that the TAM auxiliaries of this variety are not morphophonological clitics. This analysis is supported by the existence of several empirical phenomena (auxiliary-licensed VP-ellipsis, scrambling, and interpolation), some not found in modern Romance, others very rare in modern Romance. This property of Istro-Romanian auxiliary verbs accounts, in conjunction with other features of this variety (e.g., the availability of C-oriented and I-oriented pronominal clitics), for the massive variation in the word order of pronominal clitics, auxiliaries, and the lexical verb found in the Istro-Romanian sentential core. An endangered Romance variety spoken in Istria and in the diaspora, historically related to (Daco-)Romanian, Istro-Romanian has been in contact with Croatian since the settlement of Istro-Romanians in the Istrian peninsula. As some of the Istro-Romanian features and phenomena are found both in Croatian and in old Romanian, it appears that contact with Croatian acts as a catalyst of structural convergence engendering the retention of an archaic property of Istro-Romanian auxiliaries: a lower position on the grammaticalization cline, closer to the full word status of their etyma.

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Hilpert, Martin. "A synchronic perspective on the grammaticalization of Swedish Future constructions." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 29, no. 2 (December 2006): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586506001569.

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This paper is a corpus-based investigation of five Swedish constructions that are used to express futurity. The method of Collexeme Analysis (Stefanowitsch & Gries 2003) is applied to constructions with the auxiliaries ska ‘will’, skall ‘shall’, its past form skulle ‘should’, komma ‘come’, and tänka ‘think’. All of these are future markers that have grammaticalized to varying degrees. The aim of this paper is to investigate semantic differences between constructions with these auxiliaries. By analyzing the main verbs that co-occur with a given auxiliary, it can be statistically assessed what verbs are significantly attracted to the construction. It thus becomes possible to analyze the constructional semantics in terms of co-occurring lexical material. Conversely, it is also insightful to consider what verbs occur significantly less often than expected with a given auxiliary. These procedures allow a fine-grained semantic description in both positive and negative terms.

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Cabrera-Álvarez, Pablo. "Datos agregados para corregir los sesgos de no respuesta y de cobertura en encuestas." Empiria. Revista de metodología de ciencias sociales, no. 49 (December 30, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/empiria.49.2021.29231.

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En las últimas décadas la incidencia creciente de los sesgos de no respuesta y cobertura en las encuestas han puesto en entredicho la capacidad de inferir los resultados a la población. Una forma extendida de corregir los sesgos de no respuesta y cobertura en las encuestas es el uso de ponderaciones que equilibran la muestra final de entrevistados. La construcción de ponderaciones requiere información auxiliar, totales poblacionales que estén disponibles para los que responden y para los que no cooperan. En este trabajo, a partir de simulaciones estadísticas, se comprueba la capacidad de la información agregada para corregir el sesgo de no respuesta. Para ello se comparan el ajuste con datos individuales y el sistema de datos agregados, dando como resultado que el uso de datos agregados puede ser útil si se cumplen tres requisitos: 1) la variable estimada está agrupada, 2) la variable estimada y la auxiliar están correlacionadas y 3) la probabilidad de completar la encuesta está relacionada con la variable auxiliar.In the last decades the effect of nonresponse and coverage bias in surveys have questioned the ability of inferring the results to the population. An extended procedure used to correct nonresponse and coverage problems is the use of weights to balance the sample of respondents. However auxiliary information available for respondents and nonrespondents is required to compute weights. In this paper statistical simulations are used to test the potential of aggregate data to correct nonresponse bias. This research compares individual data adjustments to the use of auxiliary aggregate data. The results show the use of aggregate data can improve survey representativity if three requirements are met: 1) the dependent variable is grouped, 2) the dependent and auxiliary variables are correlated and 3) the auxiliary variable is correlated with response propensities.

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Hilpert, Martin. "Change in modal meanings." Constructions and Frames 8, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 66–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.8.1.05hil.

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This paper discusses how modal auxiliaries fit into a constructional view of language and how this view allows us to think in new ways about diachronic meaning change in modal auxiliaries. These issues will be illustrated on the basis of a diachronic corpus-based study of the modal auxiliary may, specifically focusing on changes in its collocational preferences during the past 200 years. The main point of this paper is the claim that a constructional view needs to take account of the mutual associations between modal auxiliaries and the lexical elements with which they occur. Changes in these mutual associations are usefully understood as change in a complex network of constructions.

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Hilt, Gerhard, Jan Fährmann, and Ludmila Hermann. "The Application of 1,2-Oxazinanes as Chiral Cyclic Weinreb Amide-Type Auxiliaries Leading to a Three-Component, One-Pot Reaction." Synthesis 54, no. 08 (October 29, 2021): 2005–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1683-0484.

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Abstract1,2-Oxazines were synthesised via a copper-catalysed aerobic acyl nitroso Diels–Alder reaction from 1,4-disubstituted 1,3-dienes and N-Boc-hydroxylamine. From this, 1,2-oxazinanes were obtained in a novel follow-up reaction path. The stability of several 1,2-oxazines and 1,2-oxazinanes towards organometallic compounds was tested to rate their operability as cyclic chiral Weinreb amide auxiliaries. 3,6-Di-tert-butyl-1,2-oxazinane gave the best results and was introduced as a chiral Weinreb amide-type auxiliary to yield chiral α-substituted ketones in a diastereomeric ratio of up to 98:2. The removal of the auxiliary can be performed with BuLi to form unsymmetrical α-chiral ketones. Thereafter, the chiral auxiliary can be re-isolated and purified by sublimation under vacuum.

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Mendoza, Isabel Yovana Quispe, and Aparecida de Cássia Giani Peniche. "Intervenção educativa sobre hipotermia: uma estratégia de ensino para aprendizagem em centro cirúrgico." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 46, no. 4 (August 2012): 851–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-62342012000400010.

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Este trabalho trata-se de um estudo quase experimental aplicado em uma intervenção educativa de curta duração aos auxiliares de enfermagem do Centro Cirúrgico, cujos objetivos foram conhecer as características sociais e de formação dos auxiliares de enfermagem; identificar a diferença no conhecimento sobre hipotermia no auxiliar de enfermagem após a intervenção educativa e relacionar as ações de enfermagem às variáveis estudadas. A intervenção educativa foi efetiva, uma vez que a diferença na média das ações de enfermagem foi de 5,35 após a intervenção educativa. Entretanto, não se verificou diferença significativa das ações de enfermagem quando relacionadas às variáveis estudadas. Recomenda-se realizar estudos sobre educação nos profissionais de Enfermagem, baseado na aprendizagem significativa nas diferentes unidades.

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Leonhard, Jens. "Doppelperfekt und Plusquamperfekt im Hoch- und Oberrheinalemannischen Südwestdeutschlands." Linguistik Online 98, no. 5 (November 7, 2019): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.98.5931.

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In this paper I discuss the tenses Doppelperfekt and Plusquamperfekt in spoken High Alemannic and Upper-Rhine Alemannic in south-western Germany with a usage-based approach and a statistical evaluation. I show that both Doppelperfekt and Plusquamperfekt have a past perfect meaning, i. e. they refer to a point of time in the past placed before another point of time in the past. Furthermore, I account for a language change in the timespan from 1974 to 2013 in which the Plusquamperfekt becomes more frequent in relation to the Doppelperfekt. Additionally, I show that speakers use the Doppelperfekt in the old data with both auxiliaries (sein and haben), and in the new data only with the auxiliary haben. In contrast to this, the Plusquamperfekt is used in the old data only with the auxiliary sein, and in the new data with both auxiliaries sein and haben. These results could lead to the conclusion that the Doppelperfekt und Plusquamperfekt cannot exist simultaneously in an equivalent manner.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Auxiliare'

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