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Journal articles on the topic 'Autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Jin, Ningben. "The effect of phosphate buffer on improving the performance of autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion for sewage sludge." RSC Advances 8, no. 17 (2018): 9175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra00793d.

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2

Kovács, R., P. Miháltz, and Zs Csikor. "Kinetics of autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion – application and extension of Activated Sludge Model No 1 at thermophilic temperatures." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 9 (November 1, 2007): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.706.

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The application of an ASM1-based mathematical model for the modeling of autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion is demonstrated. Based on former experimental results the original ASM1 was extended by the activation of facultative thermophiles from the feed sludge and a new component, the thermophilic biomass was introduced. The resulting model was calibrated in the temperature range of 20–60 °C. The temperature dependence of the growth and decay rates in the model is given in terms of the slightly modified Arrhenius and Topiwala-Sinclair equations. The capabilities of the calibrated model in realistic ATAD scenarios are demonstrated with a focus on autothermal properties of ATAD systems at different conditions.

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3

Zábranská, J., M. Dohányos, P. Jeníček, H. Ružičková, and A. Vránová. "Efficiency of autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of municipal wastewater sludge in removing Salmonella spp. and indicator bacteria." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 3 (February 1, 2003): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0187.

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The study is focused on the comparison of autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion, thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digestion, based on long term monitoring of all processes in full-scale wastewater treatment plants, with an emphasis on the efficiency in destroying pathogens. The hygienisation effect was evaluated as a removal of counts of indicator bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms and enterococci as CFU/g total sludge solids and a frequency of a positive Salmonella spp. detection. Both thermophilic technologies of municipal wastewater sludge stabilisation had the capability of producing sludge A biosolids suitable for agricultural land application when all operational parameters (mainly temperature, mixing and retention time) were stable and maintained at an appropriate level.

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4

Mavinic, Donald S., Venkatram Mahendraker, Abyartha Sharma, and Harlan G. Kelly. "Effect of Microaerophilic Conditions on Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion Process." Journal of Environmental Engineering 127, no. 4 (April 2001): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2001)127:4(311).

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5

Zupanèiè, Gregor D., Viktor Grilc, Milenko Roš, and Nataša Uranjek-Ževart. "Municipal waste sludge digestion in an autothermal aerobic sequencing batch reactor." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 6 (October 1, 2008): 1237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.351.

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An autothermal aerobic sequencing batch process for sludge digestion and “class A” biosolids production was developed. The process was tested in laboratory and pilot scale size up to 150 PE, which can be considered a full scale size in some cases. In this process the maximum temperatures of 61.2°C and 60.2°C were achieved in laboratory scale in pilot scale equipment, respectively. The degradation efficiency of total chemical oxygen demand of sludge was between 50 and 70%. Similar results were achieved using pure oxygen in laboratory scale and oxygen/air mixture 1:1 by volume. The reactor scale greatly affects the achievement of thermophilic temperature. In smaller sizes the convective heat losses are the prevailing heat sink and the process is unable to produce enough heat to reach thermophilic temperature. Larger systems produce excess heat and can be installed with less intense aeration systems. The limit of air aeration system is at the size of about 500 PE.

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6

Bartkowska, Izabela, Paweł Biedka, and Izabela Anna Talalaj. "Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion of Municipal Sewage Sludge in Poland. Review." Proceedings 51, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020051012.

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This paper presents the process of autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD). The installations used in municipal sewage treatment plants in Poland were reviewed. The adopted solutions for sludge management and parameters of operating installations were presented. Attention was also drawn to the energy consumption of the process. On the basis of research carried out in the years 2003–2019 in the plants in question, the characteristics of sludge after the ATAD process were presented. The parameters that determine the usefulness of the sludge as an organic fertilizer are indicated above all.

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7

Sridevi Dhanarani, T., C. Shankar, P. Prakash, T. K. Poornima Priyadharshani, and K. Thamaraiselvi. "Conversion of poultry litter into class A biosolids using autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 27, no. 1 (January 11, 2016): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2015-0073.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to minimize environmental problems related to raw poultry manure application by stabilizing its nutrient and organic matter (OM) content. This can be achieved by prior digestion before its application to agricultural soils. Design/methodology/approach – In the present study, changes in physicochemical and microbial properties of poultry litter were studied in order to evaluate the suitability of using the digested (stabilized) product for soil amendment. The poultry litter was digested in autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestor (ATAD) where organic solids were degraded and the heat released during the microbial degradation was used to maintain the thermophilic temperatures ( < 50ºC) at a hydraulic retention time of about 3 d. Findings – Results of this study showed that the poultry litter undergoes physicochemical and microbial changes similar to other digestion systems; these changes include self-heating, relative increase in Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, P, K and NO3-N and decrease in microbial population numbers, C, OM and NH4-N contents. Originality/value – ATAD is an effective method for the conversion of poultry litter into organic fertilizer, which can be readily applied to the agriculture land. ATAD is an eco-friendly, cost effective method which also reduces the length of stabilization.

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8

Cheng, Jie Hong, Yan Yan Zhang, Nan Wen Zhu, and Shu Gen Liu. "The Study of Sludge Characteristics for One-Stage Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion Process." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.437.

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One-stage Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion was autonomously designed to treat municipal sludges. By the way of batch operation experiment, the influence of removal rates of volatile suspended solids(VSS), total suspended solids(TSS), auto-rise temperature, and COD concentration, volatile fatty acid concentration of sludge, were investigated respectively. The results showed that a large part of reactor temperature was in thermophilic statues at 56°C-60°C during sludge digestion period; Municipal sludges treated have achieved stabilization standard of 503 articles of EPA while removal rates of VSS and TSS at 38.9% and 31% respectively for 360h retention time. Resulting from micro-organisms hydrolysis reaction, total COD concentration of sludge supernatant (SCOD) was increased firstly and then dropped afterward during the process of digestion while total COD concentration of solid phase of sludge(TCOD) still fall down with removal rate of TCOD at 35.6% for 360h retention time. A sum of concentration of volatile fatty acid(VFA) was accumulated gradually in the sludge supernatant at 2745mg/L for 360h retention time because of micro-aerobic situation in the beginning of digestion process, and can be use as the carbon sources for wastewater treatment process.

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9

Ahn, Hee K., and Hong L. Choi. "Piggery Slurry Composting Using Batch Operating Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion System." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 19, no. 2 (December 7, 2005): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2006.273.

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10

Staton, Kevin L., James E. Alleman, Richard L. Pressley, and Jim Eloff. "2nd Generation Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion: Conceptual Issues and Process Advancements." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2001, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 1484–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864701784993182.

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11

Liu, Shugen, Nanwen Zhu, and Loretta Y. Li. "The one-stage autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion for sewage sludge treatment." Chemical Engineering Journal 174, no. 2-3 (November 2011): 564–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.09.043.

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12

Shanchayan, B., W. Parker, and C. Pride. "Dynamic analysis of a biofilter treating autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion offgas." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science 5, no. 3 (May 2006): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/s05-035.

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13

Hepner, Seth, Brad Striebig, Raymond Regan, and Rich Giani. "Odor generation and control from the Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion (ATAD) process." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2002, no. 5 (January 1, 2002): 598–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864702785140311.

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14

Aynur, Sebnem Koyunluoglu, Sonali Dohale, Muriel Dumit, Rumana Riffat, Mohammad Abu-Orf, Ralph Eschborn, and Sudhir Murthy. "Efficiency of Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion Under Two Different Oxygen Flow Rates." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2009, no. 3 (January 1, 2009): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864709793846394.

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15

Han, Il, Shankar Congeevaram, Dong-Won Ki, Byoung-Taek Oh, and Joonhong Park. "Bacterial community analysis of swine manure treated with autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 89, no. 3 (October 5, 2010): 835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2893-8.

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16

Layden, Noreen M. "An evaluation of autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) of municipal sludge in Ireland." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science 6, no. 1 (January 2007): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/s06-038.

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17

Liu, Shugen, Fanyong Song, Nanwen Zhu, Haiping Yuan, and Jiehong Cheng. "Chemical and microbial changes during autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) of sewage sludge." Bioresource Technology 101, no. 24 (December 2010): 9438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.07.064.

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18

Mason, C. A., A. Häner, and G. Hamer. "Aerobic Thermophilic Waste Sludge Treatment." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0017.

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The expansion in both industrial and municipal wastewater treatment in recent years has resulted in a major increase in the quantities of by-product sludge produced and has exacerbated problems of waste sludge treatment and/or disposal. The traditional method for waste sewage sludge treatment is anaerobic mesophilic digestion for sludges that are to be disposed of on agricultural land. Other disposal methods for untreated sludges include incineration, an option receiving increased interest, and ocean dumping, an option that is environmentally incompatable and used much less frequently today compared with 10 years ago. Sewage sludge can be considered to be a resource as far as its mineral nutrient composition is concerned. However, this resource cannot be exploited in agriculture because sludges are inevitably contaminated with noxious chemicals that partition into the sludge during either primary or secondary wastewater treatment. In the case sewage sludge, pathogenic and potentially pathogenic organisms are also present unless such contaminants are removed during treatment. Traditional mesophilic treatment under anaerobic conditions does not remove either noxious chemicals such as detergent residues or pathogenic organisms to a satisfactory degree. During the past decade, autothermal aerobic thermophilic pretreatment processes have been introduced as a complementary sludge treatment stage. Such aerobic pretreatment processes allow both the biodegradation of chemicals that are recalcitrant to anaerobic treatment and the thermal inactivation of pathogenic organisms. However, their introduction as a total treatment process for sludges is inhibited by their relatively poor conversion efficiencies as far as mineralization is concerned. In this contribution the biodegradation bacteria under aerobic thermophilic conditions will be described and discussed and concepts for biomass yield coefficient reduction that could enhance aerobic thermophilic sludge treatment process effectiveness will be introduced.

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19

Messenger, J. R., H. A. de Villiers, and G. A. Ekama. "Oxygen Utilization Rate as a Control Parameter for the Aerobic Stage in Dual Digestion." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 12 (December 1, 1990): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0116.

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From a study of the performance of the autothermal thermophilic aerobic stage (45 m3) of a full-scale dual digestion plant, operated with pure oxygen, it was found that: (1) VS and/or COD removal are poor parameters for estimating biological heat generation; (2) the biological heat generation is proportional to oxygen utilized at 13.0 MJ/kgO, a value which conforms closely to that obtained from bioenergetics and thermodynamics, (3) the maximum biological heat generation rate was limited by the maximum oxygen utilization rate of the sludge (OURbio), and (4) because the aerobic reactor is oxygen limited, the temperature could be completely and instantaneously controlled with oxygen feed rate up to OURbio; (5) CO2 generation in the vent gas was 0.68 mol CO2/mol O2 utilized instead of 1.0 usually assumed.

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20

Liu, Jing Ming, Le Shi, Hong Zhuan Wang, Wen Zhi Jia, and Zhi Rong Zhu. "Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion Process and its Kinetic Model for Pretreating Klebsiella Pneumoniae Waste." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1388.

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An autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) and its kinetics were studied for pretreatment of waste Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from 1, 3-propanediol (1, 3-PD) fermented product. The total suspended solids (TSS), pH value, Redox potential and temperature variation by self-heating were investigated, including the numbers of pathogens. The results showed that TSS removal ratio and the temperature reached 62.75% and 65 °C respectively. Besides, the pathogens removal ratio was 100%. By using a patch-typed process of ATAD for pre-treating waste Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from 1, 3-propanediol, TSS removal ratio can reach 65.0%, solids retention time of 13 d. The relative deviation between the calculated and experimental values is less than 12.80%, and the results from the kinetic model developed for the ATAD process had a good agreement with the experimental results.

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21

Agarwal, S., M. M. Abu-Orf, and J. T. Novak. "Effect of Biopolymer on the Dewatering Characteristics of Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion of Sludges." Water Environment Research 78, no. 3 (March 2006): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143005x94394.

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22

Kelly, Harlan G., Henryk Melcer, and Donald S. Mavinic. "Autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion of municipal sludges: A one-year, full-scale demonstration project." Water Environment Research 65, no. 7 (November 1993): 849–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/wer.65.7.7.

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23

Pressley, Richard L., and James Eloff. "2^nd GENERATION AUTOTHERMAL THERMOPHILIC AEROBIC DIGESTION: CONCEPTUAL ISSUES AND PROCESS ADVANCEMENTS." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2001, no. 4 (January 1, 2001): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864701785018976.

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24

Bartkowska, Izabela. "DROP IN CONDUCTIVITY OF SEWAGE SLUDGE IN THE PROCESS OF AUTOTHERMAL THERMOPHILIC AEROBIC DIGESTION." Journal of Ecological Engineering 18, no. 4 (July 1, 2017): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12911/22998993/74280.

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25

Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan, Sridevi Dhanarani Theivaraj, Gowri Manogari Boovaragamoorthy, Veerasamy Veeramani, Kathirvel Brindhadevi, Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, and Thamaraiselvi Kaliannan. "Impact on degradation of antibiotics from poultry litter using Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion (ATAD)." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 1 (January 2021): 988–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.023.

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26

Liu, Shugen, Xi Yang, and Xiaofei Yao. "Impacts of ammonia nitrogen on autothermal thermophilic micro-aerobic digestion for sewage sludge treatment." Chemosphere 213 (December 2018): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.037.

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27

Layden, Noreen M., Donald S. Mavinic, Harlan G. Kelly, Richard Moles, and John Bartlett. "Autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) — Part I: Review of origins, design, and process operation." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science 6, no. 6 (November 2007): 665–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/s07-015.

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28

LIU, Jingming, Dongdong SUN, Hui LIU, Yingbin NIE, and Zhirong ZHU. "Biodegradation Kinetics for Pre-treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae Waste with Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion." Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 18, no. 6 (December 2010): 905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1004-9541(09)60146-4.

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29

Pembroke, J. Tony, and Michael P. Ryan. "Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion (ATAD) for Heat, Gas, and Production of a Class A Biosolids with Fertilizer Potential." Microorganisms 7, no. 8 (July 25, 2019): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7080215.

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Autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) is a microbial fermentation process characterized as a tertiary treatment of waste material carried out in jacketed reactors. The process can be carried out on a variety of waste sludge ranging from human, animal, food, or pharmaceutical waste where the addition of air initiates aerobic digestion of the secondary treated sludge material. Digestion of the sludge substrates generates heat, which is retained within the reactor resulting in elevation of the reactor temperature to 70–75 °C. During the process, deamination of proteinaceous materials also occurs resulting in liberation of ammonia and elevation of pH to typically pH 8.4. These conditions result in a unique microbial consortium, which undergoes considerable dynamic change during the heat-up and holding phases. The change in pH and substrate as digestion occurs also contributes to this dynamic change. Because the large reactors are not optimized for aeration, and because low oxygen solubility at elevated temperatures occurs, there are considerable numbers of anaerobes recovered which also contributes to the overall digestion. As the reactors are operated in a semi-continuous mode, the reactors are rarely washed, resulting in considerable biofilm formation. Equally, because of the fibrous nature of the sludge, fiber adhering organisms are frequently found which play a major role in the overall digestion process. Here, we review molecular tools needed to examine the ATAD sludge consortia, what has been determined through phylogenetic analysis of the consortia and the nature of the dynamics occurring within this unique fermentation environment.

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30

Koyunluoglu-Aynur, S., R. Riffat, and S. Murthy. "Effect of hydraulic retention time on pretreatment of blended municipal sludge." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 4 (August 1, 2011): 967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.729.

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The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on hydrolysis and acidogenesis for the pretreatment processes: acid phase digestion (APD) and autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) using blended municipal sludge. The effect of the different pretreatment steps on mesophilic anaerobic digestion (MAD) was evaluated in terms of methane yield, keeping the operating conditions of the MAD the same for all systems. Best operating conditions for both APD and ATAD were observed for 2.5 d HRT with high total volatile fatty acids (tVFA), and the highest methane yield observed for MAD. No significant difference was observed between the two processes in terms of overall volatile solids (VS) reduction with same total HRT. The autothermal process produced heat of 14,300 J/g VS removed from hydrolytic and acetogenic reactions without compromising overall methane yields when the HRT was 2.5 d or lower and the total O2 used was 0.10 m3 O2/g VS added or lower. However, the process needs the input of oxygen and engineering analysis should balance these differences when considering the relative merits of the two pretreatment processes. This is the first study of its kind directly comparing these two viable pretreatment processes with the same sludge.

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31

Dirk, Bonita, Harlan Kelly, Don Mavinic, and Hart Frese. "Impacts of Temperature and Hydraulic Retention Time on Odours Produced for Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2009, no. 3 (January 1, 2009): 362–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864709793846358.

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32

Aynur, Sebnem Koyunluoglu, Farid Ahmed, Rumana Riffat, and Sudhir Murthy. "Evaluation of Two Dual Digestion Processes: Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Pretreatment Followed by TPAD Versus MAD." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2009, no. 14 (January 1, 2009): 3094–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864709793954952.

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33

Layden, Noreen M., Harlan G. Kelly, Donald S. Mavinic, Richard Moles, and John Bartlett. "Autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) — Part II: Review of research and full-scale operating experiences." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science 6, no. 6 (November 2007): 679–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/s07-040.

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34

Liu, Shugen, Nanwen Zhu, and Loretta Y. Li. "The one-stage autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion for sewage sludge treatment: Stabilization process and mechanism." Bioresource Technology 104 (January 2012): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.041.

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35

Biedka, Paweł. "Biodegradation Kinetics of Organic Matter in Water from Sludge Dewatering after Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 25, 2022): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010203.

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The study presents the research results on the rejected water generated in dewatering sludge stabilised in Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion (ATAD) technology. The research was carried out in three municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), with a capacity of 1500 to 3260 m3 d−1 and a sludge node capacity of 835 to 2000 kg DM d−1. The mean content of Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) in the rejected water samples taken from each object ranged from 485 to 1573 mg N L−1, ammonium nitrogen 318 to 736 mg N L−1, and the average concentration of total phosphorus ranged from 96 to 281 mg P L−1. The average content of organic matter expressed as five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) ranged from 205 to 730 mg O2 L−1, while chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranged from 767 to 4884 mg O2 L−1. The study determined the kinetics of the biochemical decomposition of organic matter, assuming that it follows the first-order equation. The average reaction rate constant k in subsequent treatment plants was estimated at 0.424, 0.513 and 0.782 d−1. The R2 coefficient determining the model’s adjustment to empirical values was not lower than 0.952. The organic matter biodegradability index average values ranged from 0.17 to 0.26.

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36

Ryu, Hong-Duck, Yeon-Duk Choo, Min-Koo Kang, and Sang-Ill Lee. "Integrated Application of Struvite Precipitation and Biological Treatment in Treating Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion Supernatant Liquid." Environmental Engineering Science 31, no. 4 (April 2014): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2013.0313.

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37

Bartkowska, Izabela. "Drop in dry mass and organic substance content in the process of autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 98 (November 2015): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2015.07.003.

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38

Yuan, Haiping, Changwen Xu, and Nanwen Zhu. "Disinhibition of the ammonium nitrogen in autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion for sewage sludge by chemical precipitation." Bioresource Technology 169 (October 2014): 686–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.07.016.

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39

Kirilova, Elisaveta G., Rayka K. Vladova, and Natasha Gr Vaklieva-Bancheva. "Heat integration of two-stage autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion system for reducing the impact of uncertainty." Energy 208 (October 2020): 118329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118329.

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40

Liu, Shugen, Ping Ning, Nanwen Zhu, Loretta Y. Li, and Xudong Gong. "Semicontinuous Operation of One-Stage Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge: Effects of Retention Time." Journal of Environmental Engineering 139, no. 3 (March 2013): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0000652.

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41

Nájera, S., M. Gil-Martínez, and J. A. Zambrano. "ATAD control goals through the analysis of process variables and evaluation of quality, production and cost." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 5 (January 14, 2015): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.006.

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The aim of this paper is to establish and quantify different operational goals and control strategies in autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD). This technology appears as an alternative to conventional sludge digestion systems. During the batch-mode reaction, high temperatures promote sludge stabilization and pasteurization. The digester temperature is usually the only online, robust, measurable variable. The average temperature can be regulated by manipulating both the air injection and the sludge retention time. An improved performance of diverse biochemical variables can be achieved through proper manipulation of these inputs. However, a better quality of treated sludge usually implies major operating costs or a lower production rate. Thus, quality, production and cost indices are defined to quantify the outcomes of the treatment. Based on these, tradeoff control strategies are proposed and illustrated through some examples. This paper's results are relevant to guide plant operators, to design automatic control systems and to compare or evaluate the control performance on ATAD systems.

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42

Piterina, Anna V., and J. Tony Pembroke. "Use of PCR-DGGE Based Molecular Methods to Analyse Microbial Community Diversity and Stability during the Thermophilic Stages of an ATAD Wastewater Sludge Treatment Process as an Aid to Performance Monitoring." ISRN Biotechnology 2013 (September 23, 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/162645.

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PCR and PCR-DGGE techniques have been evaluated to monitor biodiversity indexes within an ATAD (autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion) system treating domestic sludge for land spread, by examining microbial dynamics in response to elevated temperatures during treatment. The ATAD process utilises a thermophilic population to generate heat and operates at elevated pH due to degradation of sludge solids, thus allowing pasteurisation and stabilisation of the sludge. Genera-specific PCR revealed that Archaea, Eukarya and Fungi decline when the temperature reaches 59°C, while the bacterial lineage constitutes the dominant group at this stage. The bacterial community at the thermophilic stage, its similarity index to the feed material, and the species richness present were evaluated by PCR-DGGE. Parameters such as choice of molecular target (16S rDNA or rpoB genes), and electrophoresis condition, were optimised to maximise the resolution of the method for ATAD. Dynamic analysis of microbial communities was best observed utilising PCR-DGGE analysis of the V6-V8 region of 16S rDNA, while rpoB gene profiles were less informative. Unique thermophilic communities were shown to quickly adapt to process changes, and shown to be quite stable during the process. Such techniques may be used as a monitoring technique for process health and efficiency.

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43

Liu, Yangyang, Haiping Yuan, and Nanwen Zhu. "Accelerated stabilization of high solid sludge by thermal hydrolysis pretreatment in autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) process." Journal of Environmental Management 318 (September 2022): 115615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115615.

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Piterina, Anna V., John Bartlett, and Tony J. Pembroke. "Evaluation of the Removal of Indicator Bacteria from Domestic Sludge Processed by Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion (ATAD)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 7, no. 9 (September 2, 2010): 3422–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7093422.

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Filkiewicz, Magdalena. "ASPECTS OF KINETICS AUTOTHERMAL THERMOPHILIC AEROBIC DIGESTION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE - THE USE OF EQUATIONS OF VARIOUS ORDERS." Inżynieria Ekologiczna, no. 50 (2016): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12912/23920629/65493.

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Jin, Ningben, Zongqi Shou, Haiping Yuan, Ziyang Lou, and Nanwen Zhu. "Effects of ferric nitrate additions under different pH conditions on autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion for sewage sludge." RSC Advances 5, no. 109 (2015): 90127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra16761b.

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Zambrano, J. A., M. Gil-Martinez, M. Garcia-Sanz, and I. Irizar. "Benchmarking of control strategies for ATAD technology: a first approach to the automatic control of sludge treatment systems." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 2 (July 1, 2009): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.338.

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Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion (ATAD technology) is a promising alternative to conventional digestion systems. Aeration is a key factor in the performance of these kinds of reactors, in relation to effluent quality and operating costs. At present, the realisation of automatic control in ATADs is in its infancy. Additionally, the lack of robust sensors also makes the control of these processes difficult: only redox potential and temperature sensors are reliable for operation in full-scale plants. Based as it is on the existing simulation protocols for benchmarking of control strategies for wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), this paper presents the definition and implementation of a similar protocol but specifically adapted to the needs of ATAD technology. The implemented simulation protocol has been used to validate two different control strategies for aeration (ST1 and ST2). In comparison to an open-loop operation for the ATAD, simulation results showed that the ST1 strategy was able to save aeration costs of around 2–4%. Unlike ST1, ST2 achieved maximum sludge stabilisation but at the expense of higher aeration costs.

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Han, Il, Shankar Congeevaram, and Joonhong Park. "Improved control of multiple-antibiotic-resistance-related microbial risk in swine manure wastes by autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.856.

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In this study, we microbiologically evaluated antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity in livestock (swine) manure as well as its biologically stabilized products. One of new livestock manure stabilization techniques is ATAD (Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion). Because of its high operation temperature (60–65°C), it has been speculated to have effective microbial risk control in livestock manure. This hypothesis was tested by evaluating microbial risk in ATAD-treated swine manure. Antibiotic resistance, multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR), and pathogenicity were microbiologically examined for swine manure as well as its conventionally stabilized (anaerobically fermented) and ATAD-stabilized products. In the swine manure and its conventionally stabilized product, antibiotic resistant (tetracycline-, kanamycine-, ampicillin-, and rifampicin-resistant) bacteria and the pathogen indicator bacteria were detected. Furthermore, approximately 2–5% of the Staphylococcus and Salmonella colonies from their selective culture media were found to exhibit a MAR-phenotypes, suggesting a serious level of microbe induced health risk. In contrast, after the swine manure was stabilized with a pilot-scale ATAD treatment for 3 days at 60–65°C, antibiotic resistant bacteria, pathogen indicator bacteria, and MAR-exhibiting pathogens were all undetected. These findings support the improved control of microbial risk in livestock wastes by ATAD treatment.

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Bartkowska, Izabela, Paweł Biedka, and Izabela Anna Tałałaj. "Production of Biosolids by Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion (ATAD) from a Municipal Sewage Sludge: The Polish Case Study." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 6258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236258.

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This manuscript analyzed the process of autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) used in installations of municipal sewage treatment plants in Poland. Additionally, solutions for sludge management and the parameters of operating installations were presented. Attention was also put to the energy consumption of the process, where the energy consumption for 1 m3 of sludge treated was between 18.4 and 27.79 kWh. The amount of sewage flowing into the analyzed plants was between 1500 and 14,000 m3/d. On the basis of research carried out in the years 2003–2019 in the selected plants, the characteristics of sludge after the ATAD process were presented. The parameters that determine the usefulness of the sludge as an organic fertilizer were indicated above all. The content of total nitrogen, which was from 2.4 to 8.1% of dry matter, ammonium nitrogen, which was from 0.8 to 1.8% of dry matter, and total phosphorus, which was from 1.1 to 4.2% of dry matter, recommended using sludge for fertilization. It was also pointed out that sewage sludge should be regularly tested for the dynamics of changes in chemical composition and biological parameters. These are the factors that increase risk and limit the use of sludge for fertilization.

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Taghavi, Lobat, Teimour Amani, and Mohsen Nosrati. "A comprehensive study on autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion process of waste activated sludge in a continuous stirred digester." International Journal of Environment and Waste Management 15, no. 2 (2015): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijewm.2015.068941.

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