Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Autophagy'
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Vigié, Pierre. "Mitochondrial quality control : roles of autophagy, mitophagy and the proteasome." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0202/document.
Full textMitophagy, the selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy, is implicated in the clearance of superfluous or damaged mitochondria and requires specific proteins and regulators. In yeast, Atg32, an outer mitochondrial membrane protein, interacts with Atg8, promoting mitochondria recruitment to the phagophore and their sequestration within autophagosomes. Atg8 is anchored to the phagophore and autophagosome membranes thanks to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). In yeast, several PE synthesis pathways have been characterized, but their contribution to autophagy and mitophagy is unknown. In the first chapter, we investigated the contribution of the different enzymes responsible for PE synthesis in autophagy and mitophagy and we demonstrated that Psd1, the mitochondrial phosphatidylserine decarboxylase, is involved in mitophagy induction only in nitrogen starvation, whereas Psd2, located in vacuole/Golgi apparatus/endosome membranes, is required preferentially for mitophagy induction in stationary phase of growth. In the second chapter, we were interested in the relationship between Atg32, mitophagy and the proteasome. We demonstrated that ATG32 promoter activity and protein expression are inversely regulated. During stationary phase of growth, proteasome inhibition abolishes the decrease in Atg32 expression and mitophagy is enhanced. Our data indicate that Atg32 protein is regulated by the proteasome activity and could be ubiquitinated. In the third chapter, we investigated the involvement of Dep1, a member of the nuclear Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex, in mitophagy. In our conditions, Dep1 seems to be located in mitochondria and is a novel effector of mitophagy both in nitrogen starvation and stationary phase of growth. BRMS1L (Breast Cancer Metastasis suppressor 1-like) is the mammalian homolog of Dep1 and has been described in breast cancer metastasis suppression. We found that BRMS1L protein expression increases upon pro-mitophagy stimuli
Akinduro, Olufolake A. E. "Autophagy in epidermis." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8703.
Full textMalik, Shoaib Ahmad. "Crosstalk Between Apoptosis and Autophagy : BH3 Mimetics Activate Multiple Pro-Autophagic Pathways." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T044/document.
Full textMacro-autophagy is a conserved catabolic pathway that culminates in the degradation of old/damaged organelles,long-lived/aggregated proteins and portions of the cytosol for metabolic recycling to maintain cellular homeostasis.The absence of autophagy is frequently observed in many pathologies including cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Beclin 1, a bona fide tumour suppressor, is the key autophagy regulatory protein that participates in autophagosome nucleation. Infect, Beclin 1 is a BH3-only protein that can interacts with the BH3 receptor domain contained within Bcl-2 and its homologues. This interaction functions as a inhibitory check on autophagy. Some pharmacological agents such as ABT737, referred to as ‘BH3 mimetics’, occupy the BH3-binding grooves to competitively disrupt the inhibitory interaction between Beclin 1 and Bcl-2/Bcl-XL allowing Beclin 1 to maintain the class III phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity of Vps34 for the phagophore formation. Autophagy is a complex process that is regulated by multiple protein complexes beyond that organized around Beclin 1. The energy sensors including AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) as well as stress-integrating pathways such as those involving the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) kinases (IKK) and the tumour suppressor protein p53, all have a major impact on the regulation of autophagy. In many paradigms of autophagic stimulation, they all seem to act upstream of the dissociation of Beclin 1-Bcl-2. Our results reveal that ABT737stimulate multiple pro-autophagic pathways to be optimally efficient. These results place SIRT1, AMPK/mTOR,HDM2 and IKK downstream of the dissociation of the Beclin 1-Bcl-2 complex. This study advocates that BH3mimetics trigger multiple autophagy-stimulatory pathways maybe due to the high degree of connectivity that exists among autophagy-regulatory protein complexes meaning that a specific effect on the Beclin 1-interactome might affect other nodes in the autophagy-controlling network. These pathways cannot follow a linear hierarchy and rather must be interconnected in a complex circuitry, in which stimulation of autophagy by physiological triggers (such as starvation or organelle stress) induce an ensemble of intimately linked changes that are coupled to each other in positive feed forward loops constituting an indissociable ensemble that composes the “autophagic switch”
Petkova, Denitsa. "Étude du rôle de récepteurs autophagiques lors de l'infection par le virus de la rougeole." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10311/document.
Full textMacroautophagy ensures cell homeostasis through the recycling of obsolete or deleterious cytosolic components and its deregulation is associated with several pathologies. It is also a defense mechanism as it allows the elimination of intracellular pathogens. The most important autophagic step is maturation, during which the cytosolic substrate-containing vesicle, the autophagosome, fuses with lysosomes and the degradation occurs. We study autophagy regulation and the consequences of its disruption during infections and in particular by measles virus (MeV). Our team has shown that MeV induces and exploits all steps of autophagy, to replicate more efficiently. My results indicate that viral proteins can interact with at least two cellular proteins, NDP52 and T6BP, which are autophagy receptors (cytosolic proteins that carry an autophagosome-binding domain and a domain binding substrates that would be degraded, such as intracellular pathogens). I then studied the role of autophagic receptors T6BP, NDP52 and OPTINEURIN in viral replication. I also took part in a study describing NDP52 and OPTINEURIN as autophagosome maturation regulators. My work depicts the same dual role for T6BP. However, only T6BP and NDP52 are necessary for MeV replication even though it requires autophagosome maturation. Thus, my results suggest that the three autophagy receptors might regulate distinct autophagosome maturation on one hand. On the other, MeV could individually exploit autophagosomes, the maturation of which is regulated by T6BP or NDP2 to replicate efficiently
Runwal, Gautam. "The study of two transmembrane autophagy proteins and the autophagy receptor, p62." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290149.
Full textScrivo, Aurora. "Régulation de la voie autophagique par la Gigaxonine E3-ligase, et implication dans les maladies neurodégénératives." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT090.
Full textThe autophagic route is one of the signaling pathways that sustain cellular homeostasis in basal condition, but also in response to stress. It has been shown to be crucial for several physiological functions and its impairment is associated with many diseases, including cancer, immune and neurodegenerative diseases. While an expanding number of studies have shown that autophagic route is finely controlled, little is known about the molecular mechanisms ensuring its function, but a fundamental role is sustained by the family of E3 ligases. Gigaxonin is an adaptor of a Cul3-E3 ligase, which specifies the substrates for their ubiquitination and their subsequent degradation. “Loss of function” mutations in Gigaxonin cause Giant Axonal Neuropathy (GAN), a severe and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that impacts broadly the nervous system and cause an abnormal aggregation of Intermediate Filaments (IFs) through the body. Modeling the disease in patient’s cells and in mouse, the laboratory has demonstrated the crucial role of Gigaxonin in degrading the entire family of IFs through its ubiquitination activity.During my PhD, I studied the neurodegenerative mechanisms in GAN disease, and the possible impairment of autophagy pathway.For that purpose, I developed a new neuronal model of the disease from our GAN mouse, which reproduced the neurodegeneration and the IF aggregation found in patients. To investigate the involvement of autophagy in neurodegeneration, I evaluated the effect of Gigaxonin depletion on autophagosome formation, autophagic flux, lysosome fusion and degradation, and I revealed a defect in autophagy dynamics. To decipher the molecular mechanism of autophagosome impairment, I investigated the effect of Gigaxonin depletion on different autophagy regulators. Using complementary techniques, I showed that Gigaxonin is essential for the turn-over of a specific molecular switch, through its E3 ligase activity.Altogether, we identified a new exciting molecular mechanism in the control of autophagy. Not only these findings present a significant advance in the comprehension of the fundamental field of autophagy, but it also contribute in the understanding of its dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases, and may generate a new target for therapeutic intervention in humans
Osman, Ayman. "Autophagy in Peripheral Neuropathy." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelning för neurobiologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-142125.
Full textYassine, Maya. "Calcium, Calcium-permeable channels and autophagy modulators in control of autophagy and cancer." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10159/document.
Full textAutophagy is a tightly regulated cellular pathway the main purpose of which islysosomal degradation and subsequent recycling of cytoplasmic material to maintain normal cellular homeostasis. Defects in autophagy are linked to a variety of pathological states,including cancer. Cancer is the disease associated with abnormal tissue growth following an alteration in such fundamental cellular processes as apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation,migration and autophagy. Calcium is a ubiquitous secondary messenger which regulates plethora of physiological and pathological processes such as aging, neurodegeneration and cancer. The role of calcium and calcium-permeable channels in cancer is well-established, whereas theinformation about molecular nature of channels regulating autophagy and the mechanisms of this regulation is still limited. The role of autophagy in cancer is complex, as it can promoteboth tumor prevention and survival/treatment resistance. Elevated autophagy is often detected in cancer cells in response to radiation and chemotherapy. Furthermore, autophagy seems to contribute to the therapeutic resistance of some cancers. It's now clear that modulation of autophagy has a great potential in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Our findings identified intracellular calcium as an important regulator of autophagy. We propose a possible link between calcium, calcium permeable ion channels, autopohagy and cancer progression. Further, our results revealed a new autophagy modulator ML-9 as an attractive tool for targeting autophagy in cancer therapy
McKnight, N. C. "A genome-wide screen for starvation-induced autophagy : identifies new modulators of autophagy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1302281/.
Full textOtten, Elsje Gesina. "Molecular mechanisms of autophagy and the effect of autophagy dysfunction on mitochondrial function." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3953.
Full textMotta, Isabelle. "Interactions reciproques de la proteine de l'autophagie Gabarap et de membranes modèles." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSU0009/document.
Full textMacro-autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that involves a doublemembrane vesicle, the autophagosome, to engulf a cargo. Its formation starts withthe nucleation of isolated membrane in the cytosol. Then the membrane growsas a cup-shape around the cargo to finally fuse at its edge and enclose the molecules to be degraded. Thus, the autophagosome morphology evolves during itsformation. Studies show that protein machineries support such shape changes. Independently, other researches point membrane physical properties roles during itsrearrangement.During my PhD, I investigated the coupling between the activity of one autophagyprotein and membranes physical characteristics. This protein, GABARAP,is considered as the autophagosome marker, because, with its homologs, it is theonly protein to be specifically anchored to its membrane during all its formation.The reconstitution of GABARAP in micromanipulated giant unilamellar vesicles(GUVs) allowed me to study the interplay between membrane characteristics andprotein behaviours. In a first part, I showed that membrane composition and curvature trigger specific distribution, oligomerization and dynamic of GABARAP.Then I measured a decrease of the membrane bending modulus when the proteinwas anchored. This last result led me to propose a model that predicts proteinsdistribution on membranes with two regions of diferent curvatures. Finally, I determined the nature of GABARAP / GABARAP trans interaction
Nowosad, Ada. "Rôle de p27/Kip1 dans l'autophagie induite par le stress métabolique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30194.
Full textP27 controls cell cycle progression via its ability to block cyclin-CDK activity. Thus, it acts as a tumor suppressor in the nucleus. However, in certain cancers, p27 relocalizes in the cytoplasm where it may promote tumorigenesis by still largely unknown mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that the cytoplasmic localization of p27 induces autophagy, a catabolic process whereby intracellular constituents are recycled in response to nutrient depletion. In cancer cells, autophagy acts as as an adaptive response to metabolic stress in tumor tissues. Furthermore, autophagy may be induced by various cancer therapies, leading to chemotherapeutic resistance and promoting cancer cell survival. The aim of my PhD project was to determine by which mechanisms p27 controls autophagy and cell survival upon metabolic stress conditions. My results indicate that p27 plays a prominent role in the regulation of autophagy and cell death during nutrient deprivation. The status of p27 determines the rate of autophagy and the susceptibility of cells to apoptosis. Importantly, the mechanisms underlying the role of p27 in autophagy appears to be different in function of the nature of the metabolic stress. Amino acid deprivation leads to translocation of p27 to lysosomes where it participates in the inhibition of mTOR, a kinase that acts as a master regulator of cellular metabolism and autophagy. In contrast, the effect of p27 in glucose starved cells depends mostly on its role in the regulation of microtubule dynamics, which controls intracellular vesicle trafficking. Thus, in glucose starved cells, p27 promotes the fusion of autophagic vesicles and degradation of autophagy cargo. To conclude, my results show that p27 is a critical modulator of starvation-induced autophagy and its status determines the response of cells to metabolic stress. Therefore, p27 may serve as a predictive marker for treatment response targeting specific metabolic pathways and may constitute a promising target for anticancer treatment affecting these pathways
Dai, Yun. "Targeting Autophagy in Multiple Myeloma." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3933.
Full textLoska, Stefan. "Regulation of ULK1 in autophagy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/regulation-of-ulk1-in-autophagy(2cc61e06-ee38-451b-b7ca-83b3a96e181c).html.
Full textClarke, Alexander James. "Autophagy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/autophagy-in-systemic-lupus-erythematosus(1e5a4a5e-99f7-456e-bcb4-634a4e3fd986).html.
Full textRagimbeau, Romain. "Etude du rôle de la co-chaperonne BAG6 dans la régulation de la mitophagie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT022.
Full textAutophagy is a process of self-digestion of intracellular material based on the formation of double membrane vesicles called autophagosomes that sequester organelles and macromolecules and then fuse with lysosomes to allow their degradation.The selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy is named mitophagy. By eliminating superfluous or damaged mitochondria, that cause toxic and mutagenic oxidative stress, mitophagy contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Its regulation involves signaling pathways such as the PINK1-PARKIN pathway and specific receptors called mitophagy receptors.The BAG6 protein is a co-chaperon of HSP70 and has a variety of functions such as regulation of apoptosis, epigenetic modifications, protein folding, and peptide removal by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. BAG6 is also essential for autophagy by regulating the intracellular localization of EP300 acetyltransferase responsible for ATGs protein acetylation.In this thesis, we showed that BAG6 is located in the mitochondria. More precisely, BAG6 is located in the mitochondrial matrix under basal conditions and then relocalizes in the outer membrane when the mitochondria are depolarized. In parallel, BAG6 promotes the recruitment of the mitochondrial fission complex DRP1 and the proteins PINK1 and PARKIN involved in mitophagic signalling, which gives it a pro-mitophagic effect. Finally, BAG6 also interacts with LC3 via a LIR domain (LC3 Interacting Region) and its effect on mitophagy depends on this interaction, making BAG6 a putative mitophagy receptor
Mei, Yang. "Structural Studies of BECN1, A Key Autophagy Protein, and Intrinsically Disordered Regions in Autophagy Proteins." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28030.
Full textSiddiqui, Mohammad Adnan. "Role of RNase L in Inducing Autophagy and Regulating the Crosstalk from Autophagy to Apoptosis." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1438904772.
Full textEmond-Boisjoly, Marc-Alexandre. "Rôle de la protéine DUSP5 dans l’autophagie des cardiomyocytes." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8908.
Full textAbstract: Autophagy is a process essential to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. It helps degrade and recycle whole organelles and nonfunctional cytoplasmic components. In addition, the adaptative up regulation of autophagy in stress condition promotes cell survival. In cardiomyocytes basal autophagy is essential to the renewal of, among others, mitochondria and proteins forming sarcomeres. In addition, stresses such as ischemic heart or nutrient deficiency induce an increase in protective autophagy. In extreme conditions, it has been suggested that autophagy may exacerbate cardiac disease causing the death of cardiomyocytes. Considering the importance of this process in cardiac pathophysiology, identify ing safety mechanisms regulating autophagy in cardiomyocytes has been the subject of intense research. To this end, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) has been demonstrated to regulate, with other signaling pathways, autophagy and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. It is therefore likely that Dual-Specificity Phosphatases (DUSPs), key enzymes that control the activity of MAPKs, also participate in the regulation of autophagy. To test this hypothesis, we have induced autophagy in isolated cardiomyocytes of newborn rats in culture. Analysis of autophagy markers by immunoblotting demonstrated that the activation of MAPKs ERK1/2 and p38 correlates with autophagic activity in cardiomyocytes. Under these conditions, the decrease in expression of the majority of mRNAs encoding different DUSPs found in cardiomyocytes contrast sharply with the increase mRNA expression of Dusp5. Furthermore, we demonstrated by again of function study that sustained activation of p38 by overexpression of a constitutively active MKK6 mutant stimulates autophagy in cardiomyocytes. Surprisingly, the loss of p38 function obtained by overexpression of a dominant negative p38 mutant does not affect the autophagic response in our in vitro model, but increases the lipidation of autophagosomes marker LC3. Our results suggest that DUSPs can regulate, through their actions on MAPKs, important stages of autophagy in cardiomyocytes.
El, Kebriti Leïla. "BAG6, un nouveau régulateur de la mitophagie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT053.
Full textAutophagy, literally meaning self-eating, is a highly evolutionary conserved process in eukaryotes where elements of the cytoplasm (organelles, macromolecules) are degraded by lysosomes. Autophagy can occur randomly in the cytoplasm or can be selective of a specific organelle. Among other, the specific degradation of mitochondria is called mitophagy. Autophagy and mitophagy have been implicated in several physiopathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases or cancer. Deregulations of autophagy/mitophagy may profoundly affect homeostasis.The aim of my thesis is to characterize the role of the co-chaperonne protein BAG6 in the regulation of mitophagy.BAG6 is a 150kDa protein, also known as BAT3 or Scythe, which functions in the quality control of the cytoplasm. Moreover BAG6 is also involved in immunity, apoptosis or autophagy. Our work showed that it is implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology by inducing mitochondrial fission. Also, BAG6 induces mitophagy: in presence of BAG6, mitophagy markers such as PINK1 and PARKIN are more localized at the mitochondria whereas the expression of mitochondrial specific protein’s (TOM20, TFAM and TIM23) decreases. After its sequence analysis, we discovered that BAG6 is composed of many domains such as the UBL domains and two LIR domains (LC3- Interacting Region) and that BAG6 interacts with LC3 through its LIR2 domain. These features lead to identify BAG6 as a new potential receptor of mitophagy
Sukkurwala, Abdul Qader. "Autophagy : A New Modulator of Immunogenic Cell Death for Cancer Therapy." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T031.
Full textIn recent years it has been demonstrated that some chemotherapeutic agents such as anthracyclines or oxaliplatin can induce a type of tumor cell death that is immunogenic, implying that the patient’s dying cancer cells serve as a therapeuticvaccine that stimulates an antitumor immune response, which in turn can control or eradicate residual cancer cells. Immunogenic cell death is characterized by the emission of danger signals from the dying tumor cell, which activate the immune system. At first the exposure of calreticulin, acts as an «eat-me» signal for dendritic cells (DCs). Once released, the nuclear protein HMGB1 binds to TLR4 on DCs, facilitating antigen processing and presentation. The dying tumor cells also releases ATP, which acts on P2X7 receptors on DCs and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to IL-1β release, necessary for IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cell activation. Autophagy literally ‘self-eating’ is a cellular process activated in response to various conditions of cellular stress, whereby cells can liberate energy resources via the degradation of proteins and organelles. Recently autophagy has been found activated in response to chemotherapy and in this project we aimed to determine the potential role of autophagy in immunogenic cell death. We found that autophagy isrequired for the release of ATP in response to immunochemotherapeutic treatment, as we observed that the knockdown of essential autophagy-related genes abolished its secretion. We observed that autophagy deficient cells treated with immunogenic cell death inducers failed to immunize mice against a re-challenge with living cells. Furthermore, autophagy deficient tumors growing on immunocompetent mice did not respond to systemic immunogenic treatment and continued proliferating in contrast to autophagy proficient tumors. We showed that autophagy deficient cells were neither able to recruit DCs into the tumor bed nor to activate CD8+ T cells. Conversely, the inhibition of extracellular ATP degrading enzymes increased extracellular ATP concentrations in autophagy deficient tumors, which reestablished the recruitment of immune cells into the tumor bed, and restored chemotherapeutic responses in autophagy-deficient cancers. Altogether, this study showed the importance of autophagy in tumor-specific immune response after treatment with chemotherapy, thus giving new insights into the concept of immunogenic cell death
Verlhac, Pauline. "Rôle des récepteurs autophagiques dans la maturation des autophagosomes." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1138/document.
Full textXenophagy relies on the ability of the autophagy process to selectively entrap intracellular pathogens within autophagosomes to degrade them into autolysosomes. The selectivity of the process relies on proteins named autophagy receptors that share the ability to recognise cytosolic cargos on one hand and autophagosome-bound members of the ATG8 family on the other. Among autophagy receptors NDP52 has been described to target Salmonella Typhimurium to the growing autophagosome. We describe a new unexpected role for NDP52, as this receptor also regulates the maturation of Salmonella-containing autophagosomes and during ongoing autophagy. Interestingly, the role of NDP52 in maturation is independent from its role in targeting as they rely on different binding domains and protein partners. We also show that other autophagy receptors also mediate autophagosome maturation such as Optineurin. Therefore, our work shows that NDP52 plays a dual function during xenophagy first by targeting bacteria to growing autophagosomes and then by assuring autophagosome maturation. Moreover, we also provide insights as to how these dual roles are regulated by post-translational modifications of autophagy receptors.This work demonstrates that autophagy receptors have other roles beyond pathogen targeting that are also crucial for an efficient xenophagy. Moreover, autophagy receptors are also necessary for autophagy completion in uninfected cells. These results strengthen our understanding of both ongoing autophagy and xenophagy molecular mechanisms
Castoldi, Francesca. "L'aspirine récapitule les caractéristiques de la restriction calorique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS440.
Full textAutophagy is a self-digestion process in which cell degrades its own components in order to maintain homeostasis in basal conditions; autophagy is required for the maintenance of cellular and organismal fitness due to its role in eliminating damaged organelles and potentially harmful protein aggregates, as well as its unique capacity to mobilize essential metabolites from complex energy stores in conditions of stress.The age-associated deterioration in cellular and organismal functions associates with dysregulation of nutrient-sensing pathways and disabled autophagy. The reactivation of autophagic flux may prevent or ameliorate age-related metabolic dysfunctions. Non-toxic compounds endowed with the capacity to reduce the overall levels of protein acetylation and to induce autophagy have been categorized as caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs). Here, we show that aspirin or its active metabolite salicylate induce autophagy by virtue of their capacity to inhibit the acetyltransferase activity of EP300. While salicylate readily stimulates autophagic flux in control cells, it fails to further increase autophagy levels in EP300-deficient cells, as well as in cells in which endogenous EP300 has been replaced by salicylate-resistant EP300 mutants. Accordingly, the pro-autophagic activity of aspirin and salicylate on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is lost when the expression of the EP300 ortholog cpb-1 is reduced. Altogether, these findings identify aspirin as an evolutionary conserved CRM
Zhang, Lingzhi. "Synthesis of autophagy inhibiting virantmycin analogs." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54843.
Full textScience, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate
Bortnik, Svetlana. "Investigating autophagy modulation in breast cancer." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62396.
Full textWoods, Kerry Louise. "Regulators of autophagy in Leishmania major." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1211/.
Full textTomlins, Andrew Michael. "Autophagy in Plasmodium falciparum intraerythrocytic stages." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4553/.
Full textTasdemir, Ezgi. "Regulation of autophagy by cytoplasmic p53." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T008.
Full textPARISI, BARBARA. "Role of the novel neuronal protein APache in autophagy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1090471.
Full textLescat, Laury. "Caractérisation et étude du rôle de lamp2a chez les poissons." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3014.
Full textChaperone-Mediated Autophagy (CMA) is a major pathway of lysosomal proteolysis recognized as a key player in the control of numerous cellular functions, and whose defects have been associated to several human pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancers and immune disorders. To date, this cellular function was presumed to be restricted to mammals and birds, due to the absence of an identifiable lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A), a limiting and essential protein for CMA, in non-tetrapod species. However, we recently identified the existence of expressed sequences displaying high homology with the mammalian LAMP2A in several fish species, challenging that view and suggesting that CMA appeared much earlier during evolution than initially thought. In the present thesis, we first present new evidences about the evolutionary history of the gene LAMP2 in vertebrates. We demonstrate that LAMP2 appeared after the second whole genome duplication that occurred at the root of the vertebrate lineage approximately 500 million years ago. By using a fluorescent reporter previously used to track CMA in mammalian cells, we then revealed the existence of a CMA-like pathway in a fibroblast cell line of the fish medaka (Oryzias latipes). Finally, to address the physiological role of Lamp2a in fish, we generated, medaka knockout for the splice variant lamp2a, and found severe alterations in the intermediary metabolism, as previously demonstrated in mice deficient for CMA in liver. Altogether, our data provide the first evidence for a CMA-like pathway in fish and bring new perspectives on the use of complementary genetic models, such as zebrafish or medaka, for studying CMA in an evolutionary perspective
Liang, Ning. "Regulation of YAP by mTOR and autophagy reveals a therapeutic target of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T055/document.
Full textThe Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a genetic disease characterized by growth of hamartomas in different organs including brain, kidney, lung, skin, and heart. These lesions are sources of morbidity and mortality in patients with TSC, as they may cause intractable epilepsy, autism, developmental delay, renal and pulmonary failure. Known causes of TSC are loss of function mutations in TSC1 and TSC2 genes. The majority of TSC lesions contain multiple cell types of the mesenchymal lineage, as in the case of angiomyolipomas, lymphangioleiomyomatosis and angiofibromas. A unique cell type named perivascular epithelioid cell (PEC) is constantly present in mesenchymal TSC lesions, such as angiomyolipomas and lymphangioleiomyomatosis, basing on morphological features and the common expression of melanocytic and myogenic markers. Therefore, these lesions are officially classified, along with other tumors, as PEComas. Their cell of origin and the molecular mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis remain poorly defined. Here we generated a novel mosaic Tsc1 knockout mouse model which develop renal mesenchymal lesions recapitulating human Perivascular Epithelioid Cell tumor (PEComa) observed in TSC patients. We identified YAP, the transcriptional coactivator of Hippo pathway, was upregulated in both renal lesions of TSC mouse model and human angiomyolipoma samples in a mTOR-dependent manner. Inhibition of YAP with genetic or pharmacological tools greatly attenuates the proliferation and survival of Tsc1 null cells in vivo and in vitro. Futhermore, we found YAP accumulation in TSC1/TSC2 deficient cells is due to impaired degradation of the protein through the autophagosome/lysosome system. Thus the regulation of YAP by mTOR and autophagy is a novel mechanism of growth control, matching YAP activity with nutrient availability under growth permissive conditions. It may serve as a potential therapeutical target for TSC and other diseases with dysregulated mTOR activity
Heiseke, Andreas. "Prions and autophagy: Effect of lithium on prion infection and role of basal autophagy in primary prion infection." kostenfrei, 2010. https://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/node?id=818228.
Full textLelogeais, Virginie. "Étude de l’interaction entre L. pneumophila et l’autophagie de la cellule hôte." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1168/document.
Full textLegionella pneumophila is responsible for the legionellosis disease, a severe pneumonia associated with 10% mortality rate. This intracellular bacterium has evolved the ability to survive and replicate within human cells. Notably, L. pneumophila secretes a high number of type IV secretion system effectors that interfere with many cellular pathways including autophagy. Autophagy, a highly conserved degradative pathway, allows eukaryotic cells to regulate cell homeostasis and fight intracellular pathogens. Nevertheless numerous microorganisms have evolved strategies to subvert this mechanism to their own advantage. The interaction between L. pneumophila and autophagy has been reported but remains unclear. In this study, we show that L. pneumophila infection induces a global stimulation of autophagy, but importantly this autophagy stimulation depends on the bacterial strain. Moreover, we also observed that inhibition of autophagy results in decreased intracellular bacterial proliferation suggesting that host cell autophagy is benificial for L. pneumophila. In order to decipher the molecular determinants involved in the interaction with autophagy, we identified common effectors secreted by the type IV secretion system between L. pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii, a bacterium from the order Legionellale responsible for Q fever and known to stimulate and hijack host cell autophagy. Mutant of these common effectors in L. pneumophila were analysed. While, none of them seems to be implicated in autophagy modulation, this study suggests other functions for these conserved effectors
Liu, Dawei. "Target and small molecule discovery for therapeutic innovation in cardiovascular area." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS324.
Full textCyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production regulates certain aspects of mitochondria function in rodent cardiomyocytes, such as ATP production, oxygen consumption, calcium imports and mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), but how this cAMP pool is controlled is not well known. In the first part of this thesis, we investigated the expression, localization and activity of several cAMP-degrading enzymes, phosphodiesterases (PDEs), in isolated rodent cardiac mitochondria. PDE2 expression was mainly detected in subsarcolemmal mitochondria, and cGMP-stimulated PDE2 activity was largest than PDE3 and PDE4, their activities were further confirmed in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes by real time FRET analysis. Moreover, the pharmacological inhibition or the cardiac-specific overexpression of PDE2 modulated mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, MPT and calcium import. Thus, cAMP degradation by PDEs represents a new regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial function, and becomes a potential target in cardiovascular diseases therapy.In addition, the recent improvement of anticancer treatment results in an increase in surviving patients, but with a risk of long-term cardiotoxicity. Thus, in the second part of this thesis, we identified cardioprotective molecules from chemical libraries by developing a high throughput screening assay. We identified 6 potent and specific hits and validated them in 3 cellular models. We investigated the mechanisms of actions of each molecule and their cellular impact by using siRNA silencing, western-blot analysis, fluorescent imagery and real-time metabolic analyses. Three molecules could enter rapidly in preclinical and clinical studies in combination with radiation or chemotherapeutic agents for therapeutic development, while other three molecules may require further chemical optimization
Walinda, Erik. "Structural Study of Proteins Involved in Autophagy." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202720.
Full textNozawa, Atsuko. "Rab35 GTPase recruits NPD52 to autophagy targets." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/230994.
Full textZhang, Hanlin. "Translational control of autophagy rejuvenates immune responses." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9950cef9-7592-41b4-973c-c906edad23c8.
Full textWinslow, Ashley Regan. "The role of impaired autophagy in neurodegeneration." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608894.
Full textCull, Benjamin. "Autophagy and organelle turnover in Leishmania major." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4396/.
Full textParo, Simona. "RNA editing and autophagy in Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8254.
Full textWatson, Alexander Scarth. "Autophagy in hematopoiesis and acute myeloid leukemia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2e66c5c3-4774-44d1-8345-d0dc827da16d.
Full textLin, Lin. "Complement-Related Regulates Autophagy in Neighboring Cells." eScholarship@UMMS, 2017. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/911.
Full textLiu, Elizabeth. "The Autophagy Pathway and Toxoplasma gondii Infection." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1428103561.
Full textBallhaus, Florentine. "Investigating plant autophagy with new chemical modulators." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-428075.
Full textSimões, Ana Marisa Henriques Duarte. "Structural characterization of proteins associated to autophagy." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/9691.
Full textDOR (ou Tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 2 - tp53inp2) é uma proteína bifuncional que atua no núcleo e no citosol. No núcleo DOR atua como um co-fator nuclear, liga-se e co-ativa no recetor da hormona da tiróide. No último, DOR desloca-se do núcleo para o citoplasma em situações de ativação da autofagia ou stress celular, localiza-se no autofagossoma e interage diretamente com as proteínas associadas à membrana do autofagossoma, LC3 e GATE16. A caraterização da interação entre a DOR e os seus parceiros e a relevância da DOR na autofagia é muito importante. A autofagia tem um papel importante no envelhecimento, morte celular, defesa contra agentes intracelulares patogénicos, doenças neurodegenerativas e tumorogenesis, o que demonstra a importância biológica e médica de estudar as proteínas envolvidas neste processo. A proteína de fusão NusA-DOR e os seus interatores, LC3 e GATE16, foram expressos em E.coli. Todas as proteínas foram purificadas por cromatografia de afinindade, seguida por cromatografia de exclusão molecular (DOR) ou por cromatografia de troca iónica (LC3 e GATE16). A estabilidade da DOR e a interação com os seus parceiros intracelulares foi analisada estruturalmente, através de ressonância plasmónica de superfície, circular dicroísmo e estabilidade térmica. Um péptido da DOR contendo o local de interação (região LIR) foi produzido para os ensaios de co-cristalização por difusão vapor. O péptido da DOR liga num sulco da LC3 numa conformação em gancho, dois importantes aminoácidos medeiam a interação com LC3, Trp35 e a Leu38. A conformação desta estrutura é diferente das outas estruturas conhecidas da LC3 com domínios LIR.
DOR (or Tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 2 - tp53inp2) is a bifunctional protein that operates both in the nucleus and in the cytosol. In the nucleus, DOR acts as a nuclear co-factor, and binds to and co-activates the thyroid hormone receptor. In the later, DOR moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm under conditions characterized by the activation of autophagy or cellular stress and can be localized to early autophagosome and interact directly with the autophagosome membrane associated protein LC3 and GATE16. Characterization of the interaction between DOR and its interacting partners is very important to understand the relevance of DOR in autophagy. Since autophagy plays a protective role in aging, cell death, defense against intracellular pathogens, neurodegenerative diseases and tumorogenesis, studying DOR might have a large biological and medical relevance. The fusion protein NusA-DOR and its interactors, LC3 and GATE16, were expressed in E.coli. All the proteins were purified by affinity chromatography, followed by size exclusion chromatography (DOR) or ion exchange chromatography, (LC3 and GATE16). The stability of DOR and the interaction with intracellular partners has been structurally analyzed, by surface plasmon resonance, circular dichroism and differential scanning fluorimetry. A DOR peptide containing the interaction site (LIR motif) has been produced for cocrystallization experimentss. The DOR peptide binds within LC3 groove in a hairpin conformation, two important amino acids, Trp35 and Leu38 mediated the insertion into pockets of LC3. This peptide displays a new conformation, when compared with the known three-dimensional strutures of LC3:LIR complexes.
Karnes, Jonathan Burgess. "PI3K Class IIalpha Is Required for Autophagy." Thesis, Van Andel Research Institute, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10268645.
Full textAutophagy is a cellular recycling process in which cytoplasmic proteins and organelles are sequestered in a double membrane vesicle, delivered to the lysosome, and degraded following fusion of the two vesicles. A key part of the initiation signaling for autophagy is the generation of phosphoinositol 3-phosphate (P13P) by class III phosphoinositol 3-kinase also knows as Vps 34. In humans there are eight P13K isoforms divided into three classes, four class I enzymes, three class II enzymes, and a single class III enzyme. Of these eight enzymes, only the class III isoform is thought to participate directly in autophagic signaling. A quantitative microscopy based, loss-of-function survey of all eight P13K isoforms was used to determine their relative contribution to autophagic signaling, as measured by LC3 positive autophagic vesicles. As predicted, knockdown of P13K-class III reduced the number of autophagic vesicles in cells. Interestingly, knockdown of the P13K-class IIα isoform had an even more potent effect on reducing the number of autophagic vesicles than knockdown of P13K-class III. In follow up studies, knockdown of P13K-class IIα reduced endogenous LC3 conversion, caused the accumulation of p62 and lipid droplets, and colocalized with endosomal markers. These results suggest P13K-class IIα may act to promote autophagy through the shuttling of endosomal vesicles into the autophagic pathway and approaches to test this hypothesis will be discussed. The requirement of P13K-class IIα for autophagy is an important finding as it indicates a role for class II P13Ks in autophagy.
Lin, Lin. "Complement-Related Regulates Autophagy in Neighboring Cells." eScholarship@UMMS, 2006. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/911.
Full textKim, Insil Lemasters John J. "Mitochondrial degradation by autophagy mitophagy in hepatocytes." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1743.
Full textTitle from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology." Discipline: Cell and Developmental Biology; Department/School: Medicine.
Chehab, Tala. "The role of calcium signalling in autophagy." Thesis, Open University, 2018. http://oro.open.ac.uk/55091/.
Full textNINFOLE, ELISABETTA. "Involvement of autophagy in cholestatic liver diseases." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11566/298981.
Full textAutophagy is a physiological lysosomal degradation process, essential for cellular homeostasis and ubiquitous in all eukaryotic cells. Dysregulation of hepatic autophagy has been described in several conditions, from obesity to diabetes and cholestatic disease, while stimulation of autophagy seems to ameliorate the liver damage. The project was focused on the identification of molecular pathways which are activated during autophagic process in response to damage of the bile duct and whether autophagy plays a role in regulating cellular aging processes at the level of the biliary epithelium. Normal rat cultured cholangiocytes (NRC), a murine intrahepatic bile duct cell line, were used to investigate the autophagic process. We analyzed the role of autophagy in cholangiocytes, the link between autophagy and senescence and the use of autophagic inhibitors and activators. In vitro, autophagy is activated due to the action of the inductors with a concomitant decline of senescence marker. As further confirmation, we perform experiments to modulate the activity of autophagy itself, by using inhibitor. Our research group has recently shown that the Twinfilin-1 protein (TWF1) modulates the response to damage of cholangiocytes to aging. Subsequently, we investigated if Twf1 may play a role in the early stages of cell fate between autophagy and senescence. The use of autophagy modulators (inductors / inhibitors) combined with pharmacological agents appears to be a promising strategy to treat a variety of cholestatic conditions. In this settings, Twf1 modulation of cholangiocyte biology may play a relevant role when deciding cell fate between autophagy and senescence. Further studies will provide the use of experimental models in laboratory animals to strengthen the results obtained in vitro.