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Journal articles on the topic "Autonomoy demonstrated"
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Lunardo, Renaud, and Camille Saintives. "How autonomy makes an experience pleasurable: The roles of risk perception and personal control." Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition) 35, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051570719828674.
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This research challenges the notion that autonomy is beneficial for consumers in every situation. Specifically, this research demonstrates across two experiments and one field study that autonomy can lead to pleasure only when risk is low. Importantly, these studies also identify personal control as a mechanism that explains why autonomy makes the consumption experience more or less pleasurable, depending on risk perceptions. In Study 1, we demonstrate that perceived risk moderates the effect that autonomy may have on making the experience pleasurable, with a lack of risk making autonomy increase personal control. Study 2 replicates this moderating effect of risk in a field study. To test if the effects replicate using another type of perceived risk, Study 3 manipulates social risk and replicates its moderating effect on the relationship between autonomy and personal control on the pleasure observed in Studies 1 and 2. Collectively, this research draws attention to the need to consider risk when making consumers autonomous, and it offers novel contributions to the work on consumer autonomy.
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Kang, David S., Jamie M. Anderson, and Paul A. DeBitetto. "Draper unmanned vehicle systems." Robotica 18, no. 3 (May 2000): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574799002246.
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Draper Small Autonomous Aerial Vehicle (DSAAV), MITy and SMART micro-rovers, Companion mini-rover, and Vorticity Control Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (VCUUV) are highlighted. DSAAV demonstrated autonomy with GPS/INS integration and vision processing. The micro- and mini-rovers investigated ground based autonomy with extensive mapping and planning integration. VCUUV is a flexible-hull UUV which propels and maneuvers like a tuna.
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Quang Tran, Duy, and Sang-Hoon Bae. "Proximal Policy Optimization Through a Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for Multiple Autonomous Vehicles at a Non-Signalized Intersection." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 18, 2020): 5722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165722.
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Advanced deep reinforcement learning shows promise as an approach to addressing continuous control tasks, especially in mixed-autonomy traffic. In this study, we present a deep reinforcement-learning-based model that considers the effectiveness of leading autonomous vehicles in mixed-autonomy traffic at a non-signalized intersection. This model integrates the Flow framework, the simulation of urban mobility simulator, and a reinforcement learning library. We also propose a set of proximal policy optimization hyperparameters to obtain reliable simulation performance. First, the leading autonomous vehicles at the non-signalized intersection are considered with varying autonomous vehicle penetration rates that range from 10% to 100% in 10% increments. Second, the proximal policy optimization hyperparameters are input into the multiple perceptron algorithm for the leading autonomous vehicle experiment. Finally, the superiority of the proposed model is evaluated using all human-driven vehicle and leading human-driven vehicle experiments. We demonstrate that full-autonomy traffic can improve the average speed and delay time by 1.38 times and 2.55 times, respectively, compared with all human-driven vehicle experiments. Our proposed method generates more positive effects when the autonomous vehicle penetration rate increases. Additionally, the leading autonomous vehicle experiment can be used to dissipate the stop-and-go waves at a non-signalized intersection.
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Fauzi, C., B. Basikin, Sh Duisenbayeva, and G. Kassymova. "EXPLORING EFL STUDENT TEACHERS READINESS AND GENDER DIFFERENCES OF LEARNER AUTONOMY." BULLETIN 1, no. 383 (February 15, 2020): 288–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.34.
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Despite its importance for successful English as a Foreign Language (EFL) language learning and the abundance of scientific works of learner autonomy, this construct has not received decent attention in the Indonesian context. Further, gender differences in learner autonomy as an essential variable that has not been well-researched were also included in this study. The authors conducted a mix-method study to explore the fourth-year student teachers’ conceptualization, attitudes, and readiness for learning autonomy by employing a 43 items questionnaire survey adapted from Karabiyik (2008) to a total of 120 participants (156 male and 164 female) and interview questions to 6 volunteers. The qualitative data implied that the participants had an insufficient understanding of learner autonomy even though they exhibited a positive attitude towards this construct. The overall results of quantitative data suggested that the student teachers were not ready for learner autonomy indicated by the tendency to teacher-centered teaching which might be accounted for by low proficiency in English reflected by low engagement virtually in the majority of the autonomous learning activities. Furthermore, in terms of gender differences in learner autonomy, the t-test results demonstrated that no significant differences between male and female student teachers in terms of the responsibilities of autonomous learning, decision-making abilities, and engagement of autonomous learning outside the class. However, a significant difference was found between genders and engagement in autonomous activities in class which favored male students than their female counterparts suggesting that the male students performed more than male students in asking questions to teachers and taking opportunities to practice their English with their peers. The authors concluded that the student teachers were not ready for autonomous learning even though they had a positive attitude. Thus, the authors recommended the teachers to implement teaching methods, for instance, Project-Based Learning which might help to promote learner autonomy in the Indonesian context.
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Dalpe, Allisa J., May-Win L. Thein, and Martin Renken. "PERFORM: A Metric for Evaluating Autonomous System Performance in Marine Testbed Environments Using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 15, 2021): 11940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411940.
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Trust and confidence in autonomous behavior is required to send autonomous vehicles into operational missions. The authors introduce the Performance Evaluation and Review Framework Of Robotic Missions (PERFORM), a framework to enable a rigorous and replicable autonomy test environment, thereby filling the void between that of merely simulating autonomy and that of completing true field missions. A generic architecture for defining the missions under test is proposed and a unique Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic approach is used as the foundation for the mathematically rigorous autonomy evaluation framework. The test environment is designed to aid in (1) new technology development (i.e., providing direct comparisons and quantitative evaluations between autonomy algorithms), (2) the validation of the performance of specific autonomous platforms, and (3) the selection of the appropriate robotic platform(s) for a given mission type (e.g., for surveying, surveillance, search and rescue). Three case studies are presented to apply the metric to various test scenarios. Results demonstrate the flexibility of the technique with the ability to tailor tests to the user’s design requirements accounting for different priorities related to acceptable risks and goals of a given mission.
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Nanavati, Suketu H., Robert J. Bulgarelli, Jose Vazquez-Tanus, Samanwoy Ghosh-Dastidar, Joe Colombo, and Rohit R. Arora. "Altered Autonomic Activity with Atrial Fibrillation as Demonstrated by Non-invasive Autonomic Monitoring." US Cardiology Review 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/usc.2010.7.1.47.
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Maharmeh, Mahmoud. "Understanding critical care nurses’ autonomy in Jordan." Leadership in Health Services 30, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 432–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-10-2016-0047.
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Purpose The aim of this study was to describe Jordanian critical care nurses’ experiences of autonomy in their clinical practice. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive correlational design was applied using a self-reported cross-sectional survey. A total of 110 registered nurses who met the eligibility criteria participated in this study. The data were collected by a structured questionnaire. Findings A majority of critical care nurses were autonomous in their decision-making and participation in decisions to take action in their clinical settings. Also, they were independent to develop their own knowledge. The study identified that their autonomy in action and acquired knowledge were influenced by a number of factors such as gender and area of practice. Practical implications Nurse’s autonomy could be increased if nurses are made aware of the current level of autonomy and explore new ways to increase empowerment. This could be offered through classroom lectures that concentrate on the concept of autonomy and its implication in practice. Nurses should demonstrate autonomous nursing care at the same time in the clinical practice. This could be done through collaboration between educators and clinical practice to help merge theory to practice. Originality/value Critical care nurses were more autonomous in action and knowledge base. This may negatively affect the quality of patient care and nurses’ job satisfaction. Therefore, improving nurses’ clinical decision-making autonomy could be done by the support of both hospital administrators and nurses themselves.
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Schrell, U., M. Buchfelder, J. Hensen, J. Wendler, M. Gramatzki, F. Wolf, and W. Becker. "Somatostatin Receptor Expression in the Thyroid Demonstrated with 111In-Octreotide Scintigraphy." Nuklearmedizin 34, no. 03 (1995): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1629763.
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SummaryNeuroendocrine tumors with somatostatin receptor expression may be localized by 111ln-octreotide scintigraphy. This study examines those thyroid conditions where 111 ln-octreotide uptake could be observed also in the thyroid gland. 26 consecutive patients who underwent 111 ln-octreotide scintigraphy for tumor localization were additionally examined for thyroid disease by sonography and 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy. 12 of these patients had no significant thyroid uptake and had an euthyroid normal-sized thyroid gland. 14 patiens with 111ln thyroid uptakes had endemic goiters, two of them with thyroid autonomy and one with Graves’ disease. Thus, 111 ln-octreotide thyroid uptake was predominantly seen in patients with endemic goiter with or without thyroid autonomy.
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Belous, Ju А., and A. S. Tarasov. "FACTORS OF CENTRIFUGAL POLITICAL TENDENCIES IN SPAIN: A QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." Вестник Пермского университета. Политология 15, no. 1 (2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2021-1-45-56.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the centrifugal tendencies in 17 Autonomous Communities of Spain by demonstrating that certain differences in the configurations of factors have led to varying degrees of the loss of autonomy. The main conclusion is that for the configurations leading to less autonomy, there is a low level of economic development, a low volume of EU funding, and an absence of local languages as a factor of identity. The cases of Andalusia, Asturias, and Galicia are of particular importance in these configurations. For the configurations that lead to greater autonomy, two patterns are identified. The first group (Catalonia and the Basque Country) demonstrates a link between centrifugal tendencies and three conditions: the existence of regionalist parties in the parliaments of Autonomous Communities (AC), a high level of economic development and a high level of identification with a regional language. The second group of cases (Valencia and the Canary Islands) demonstrates the added importance of funding under the EU regional policy programs for the period from 2014 to 2020. The scientific novelty of the article lies in its analysis of the dynamics of centrifugal tendencies in Spain via crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA).
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Alonazi, Saleema M. "The Role of Teachers in Promoting Learner Autonomy in Secondary Schools in Saudi Arabia." English Language Teaching 10, no. 7 (June 11, 2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n7p183.
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Today, learner autonomy is considered as a desirable goal in language education. The movement towards learner-centered approaches has resulted in more emphasis on the benefits of learner autonomy in the success of language education. The objective of the study was to investigate the roles of the teachers in promoting learner autonomy in Saudi EFL secondary school, with emphasis on the important roles of the facilitator, counselor, resource and manager. A survey questionnaire was used in this study to elicit the responses of 60 EFL teachers in Riyadh during the academic year 2015-2016. The findings of this study revealed that English language teachers often encouraged autonomous learners in their classrooms. They usually implemented different teaching strategies, which demonstrated the four roles: facilitator, counselor, resource and manager. Moreover, the findings showed that teachers were hindered by some difficulties including learners’ lack of independent learning skills, rules and regulations applied in schools, and teachers’ lack of basic strategies to encourage autonomous learning. Furthermore, the teachers believed that approaches such as teachers’ continuous reflection and analysis of their own teaching process, reducing the school rules that restrict the teachers’ independence, and offering teachers with professional development programs on learner autonomy can be helpful in developing both learner and teacher autonomy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Autonomoy demonstrated"
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Billing, Erik. "Cognition Rehearsed : Recognition and Reproduction of Demonstrated Behavior." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-50980.
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The work presented in this dissertation investigates techniques for robot Learning from Demonstration (LFD). LFD is a well established approach where the robot is to learn from a set of demonstrations. The dissertation focuses on LFD where a human teacher demonstrates a behavior by controlling the robot via teleoperation. After demonstration, the robot should be able to reproduce the demonstrated behavior under varying conditions. In particular, the dissertation investigates techniques where previous behavioral knowledge is used as bias for generalization of demonstrations. The primary contribution of this work is the development and evaluation of a semi-reactive approach to LFD called Predictive Sequence Learning (PSL). PSL has many interesting properties applied as a learning algorithm for robots. Few assumptions are introduced and little task-specific configuration is needed. PSL can be seen as a variable-order Markov model that progressively builds up the ability to predict or simulate future sensory-motor events, given a history of past events. The knowledge base generated during learning can be used to control the robot, such that the demonstrated behavior is reproduced. The same knowledge base can also be used to recognize an on-going behavior by comparing predicted sensor states with actual observations. Behavior recognition is an important part of LFD, both as a way to communicate with the human user and as a technique that allows the robot to use previous knowledge as parts of new, more complex, controllers. In addition to the work on PSL, this dissertation provides a broad discussion on representation, recognition, and learning of robot behavior. LFD-related concepts such as demonstration, repetition, goal, and behavior are defined and analyzed, with focus on how bias is introduced by the use of behavior primitives. This analysis results in a formalism where LFD is described as transitions between information spaces. Assuming that the behavior recognition problem is partly solved, ways to deal with remaining ambiguities in the interpretation of a demonstration are proposed. The evaluation of PSL shows that the algorithm can efficiently learn and reproduce simple behaviors. The algorithm is able to generalize to previously unseen situations while maintaining the reactive properties of the system. As the complexity of the demonstrated behavior increases, knowledge of one part of the behavior sometimes interferes with knowledge of another parts. As a result, different situations with similar sensory-motor interactions are sometimes confused and the robot fails to reproduce the behavior. One way to handle these issues is to introduce a context layer that can support PSL by providing bias for predictions. Parts of the knowledge base that appear to fit the present context are highlighted, while other parts are inhibited. Which context should be active is continually re-evaluated using behavior recognition. This technique takes inspiration from several neurocomputational models that describe parts of the human brain as a hierarchical prediction system. With behavior recognition active, continually selecting the most suitable context for the present situation, the problem of knowledge interference is significantly reduced and the robot can successfully reproduce also more complex behaviors.
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Mignot, Shan. "Towards a demonstrator for autonomous object detection on board Gaia." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2008. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00340279v2.
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La mission pierre angulaire de l'ESA, Gaia, doit bâtir un catalogue d'étoiles limité seulement par leurs magnitudes. Ce milliard d'objets doivent être détectés à bord en temps réel pour pouvoir être observés et les exigences scientifiques et techniques font de ce problème un défi d'ingénierie. Nous avons élaboré un prototype pour estimer les performances accessibles et servir au dimensionnement de l'électronique à bord (TDA PDHE). Il s'appuie sur une séquence de quatre tâches: la calibration des données issues des CCDs, l'estimation du fond de ciel, l'identification des objets et, enfin, leur caractérisation pour commander les observations elles-mêmes. Bien qu'inspirée par des études antérieures (APM, Sextractor), cette approche a été intégralement révisée et adaptée aux spécificités de Gaia. Suite aux recommandations du TDA PDHE, une implémentation mixte est proposée qui traite les volumes de données importants et soumis aux contraintes de temps-réel « dures » avec de l'électronique dédiée (FPGA) et réalise les traitements complexes ou variables via du logiciel. Cette partition correspond aussi à subdiviser les opérations précédentes en un domaine pixel et un domaine objet. Notre démonstrateur montre que les attentes scientifiques sont satisfaites en termes de complétude, de précision et de robustesse à la diversité des configurations. Techniquement parlant, notre pipeline, optimisé quant à la surface et la consommation électrique, permet l'identification d'une technologie cible. Notre modèle n'a pas été retenu pour les phases industrielles de Gaia mais, outre son utilité avérée dans le projet, représente une R&D pour la génération de satellites à venirESA's cornerstone mission Gaia aims at building a star catalogue limited only by their magnitudes. The expected billion objects must be detected on board in real-time before they can be observed and the scientific and technical requirements make this an engineering challenge. We have devised a prototype to assess achievable performances and assist in sizing the on-board electronics (PDHE TDA). It is based on a sequence of four tasks: calibrating the incoming data from the CCDs, estimating the sky background, identifying the objects and, finally, characterising them to command subsequent observations. Although inspired by previous similar studies (APM, Sextractor), this approach has been thoroughly revisited and finely adapted to Gaia. Following the recommendations of the PDHE TDA, a mixed implementation is proposed which deals with the important data flow and the hard real-time constraints in hardware (FPGA) and entrusts more complex or variable processing to software. The segmentation also corresponds to subdividing the previous operations in pixel-based and object-based domains. Our demonstrator shows that the scientific specifications are met in terms of completeness, of precision and of robustness to the variety of observing conditions while, technically speaking, our pipeline, optimised for area and power consumption, allows for identifying a target technology. Our model has not been retained for the industrial phases of Gaia but, beside it recognised usefulness in the project, represents R&D for the forthcoming generation of satellites
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Rock, Christina M. "The continuum of response to blood/injury stimuli as demonstrated by autonomic reactivity and affect." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40660.
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Mignot, Shan. "Vers un demonstrateur pour la détection autonome des objets à bord de Gaia." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340279.
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La mission Pierre Angulaire de l'ESA, Gaia, doit bâtir un catalogue d'étoiles limité seulement par leurs magnitudes. Ce milliard d'objets doit être détecté à bord pour pouvoir être observé et les exigences scientifiques et techniques font de ce problème un défi d'ingénierie. Nous avons élaboré un prototype pour estimer les performances accessibles et servir au dimensionnement de l'électronique à bord (TDA PDHE). Il s'appuie sur une séquence de quatre tâches: la calibration des données issues des CCDs, l'estimation du fond de ciel, l'identification des objets et, enfin, leur caractérisation pour commander les observations elles-mêmes. Bien qu'inspirée par des études antérieures (APM, Sextractor), cette approche a été intégralement révisée et adaptée aux spécificités de Gaia. Suite aux recommandations du TDA PDHE, une implémentation mixte est proposée qui traite les volumes de données importants et soumis aux contraintes de temps-réel ``dures'' avec de l'électronique dédiée (FPGA) et réalise les traitements complexes ou variables via du logiciel. Cette partition correspond aussi à subdiviser les opérations précédentes en un domaine pixel et un domaine objet. Notre démonstrateur montre que les attentes scientifiques sont satisfaites en termes de complétude, de précision et de robustesse à la diversité des configurations. Techniquement parlant, notre pipeline, optimisé quant à la surface et la consommation électrique, permet l'identification d'une technologie cible. Notre modèle n'a pas été retenu pour les phases industrielles de Gaia mais, outre son utilité avérée dans le projet, représente une R&D pour la génération de satellites à venir.
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Kim, Soo Hyun. "Gene therapy demonstrates that muscle is not a primary target for non-cell autonomous toxicity in familial ALS." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1164829314.
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Kargén, Rolf. "Utveckling av ett active vision system för demonstration av EDSDK++ i tillämpningar inom datorseende." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Datorseende, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-107186.
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Datorseende är ett snabbt växande, tvärvetenskapligt forskningsområde vars tillämpningar tar en allt mer framskjutande roll i dagens samhälle. Med ett ökat intresse för datorseende ökar också behovet av att kunna kontrollera kameror kopplade till datorseende system. Vid Linköpings tekniska högskola, på avdelningen för datorseende, har ramverket EDSDK++ utvecklats för att fjärrstyra digitala kameror tillverkade av Canon Inc. Ramverket är mycket omfattande och innehåller en stor mängd funktioner och inställningsalternativ. Systemet är därför till stor del ännu relativt oprövat. Detta examensarbete syftar till att utveckla ett demonstratorsystem till EDSDK++ i form av ett enkelt active vision system, som med hjälp av ansiktsdetektion i realtid styr en kameratilt, samt en kamera monterad på tilten, till att följa, zooma in och fokusera på ett ansikte eller en grupp av ansikten. Ett krav var att programbiblioteket OpenCV skulle användas för ansiktsdetektionen och att EDSDK++ skulle användas för att kontrollera kameran. Dessutom skulle ett API för att kontrollera kameratilten utvecklas. Under utvecklingsarbetet undersöktes bl.a. olika metoder för ansiktsdetektion. För att förbättra prestandan användes multipla ansiktsdetektorer, som med hjälp av multitrådning avsöker en bild parallellt från olika vinklar. Såväl experimentella som teoretiska ansatser gjordes för att bestämma de parametrar som behövdes för att kunna reglera kamera och kameratilt. Resultatet av arbetet blev en demonstrator, som uppfyllde samtliga krav.Computer vision is a rapidly growing, interdisciplinary field whose applications are taking an increasingly prominent role in today's society. With an increased interest in computer vision there is also an increasing need to be able to control cameras connected to computer vision systems. At the division of computer vision, at Linköping University, the framework EDSDK++ has been developed to remotely control digital cameras made by Canon Inc. The framework is very comprehensive and contains a large amount of features and configuration options. The system is therefore largely still relatively untested. This thesis aims to develop a demonstrator to EDSDK++ in the form of a simple active vision system, which utilizes real-time face detection in order to control a camera tilt, and a camera mounted on the tilt, to follow, zoom in and focus on a face or a group of faces. A requirement was that the OpenCV library would be used for face detection and EDSDK++ would be used to control the camera. Moreover, an API to control the camera tilt was to be developed. During development, different methods for face detection were investigated. In order to improve performance, multiple, parallel face detectors using multithreading, were used to scan an image from different angles. Both experimental and theoretical approaches were made to determine the parameters needed to control the camera and camera tilt. The project resulted in a fully functional demonstrator, which fulfilled all requirements.
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Walker, Ross. "Autonomous robot navigation through a crowded and dynamic environment : using a novel form of path planning to demonstrate consideration towards pedestrians and other robots." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18833/.
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This thesis presents a novel path planning algorithm for robotic crowd navigation through a pedestrian environment. The robot is designed to negotiate its way through the crowd using considerate movements. Unlike many other path planning algorithms, which assume cooperation with other pedestrians, this algorithm is completely independent and requires only observation. A considerate navigation strategy has been developed in this thesis, which utilises consideration as an directs an autonomous mobile robot. Using simple methods of predicting pedestrian movements, as well as simple relative distance and trajectory measurements between the robot and pedestrians, the robot can navigate through a crowd without causing disruption to pedestrian trajectories. Dynamic pedestrian positions are predicted using uncertainty ellipses. A novel Voronoi diagram-visibility graph hybrid roadmap is implemented so that the path planner can exploit any available gaps in between pedestrians, and plan considerate paths. The aim of the considerate path planner is to have the robot behave in specific ways when moving through the crowd. By predicting pedestrian trajectories, the robot can avoid interfering with them. Following preferences to move behind pedestrians, when cutting across their trajectories; to move in the same direction of the crowd when possible; and to slow down in crowded areas, will prevent any interference to individual pedestrians, as well as preventing an increase in congestion to the crowd as a whole. The effectiveness of the considerate navigation strategy is evaluated using simulated pedestrians, multiple mobile robots loaded with the path planning algorithm, as well as a real-life pedestrian dataset. The algorithm will highlight its ability to move with the aforementioned consideration towards each individual dynamic agent.
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Tran, Ha Thi Ngoc. "English language learner autonomy in the Vietnamese higher education context: enabling factors and barriers arising from assessment practice." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/123107.
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Learner autonomy has gained particular attention in Vietnamese higher education since a major education reform launched in 2005. Although a number of studies have been conducted to investigate the concept in the Vietnamese higher education context, most of them have focused on exploring teachers’ and students’ perceptions and beliefs around the concept of autonomy (T. V. Nguyen, 2011; Dang, 2012; Humphreys & Wyatt, 2013; T. N. Nguyen, 2014), and on the possibility of promoting it in Vietnamese universities (Trinh, 2005; L. T. C. Nguyen, 2009; Q. X. Le, 2013; Phan, 2015). There appear to be no studies on the demonstration of learner autonomy and the potential factors, including factors relating to assessment practice, that support or inhibit its demonstration in the Vietnamese higher education context. Building on a social constructivist paradigm and sociocultural theories of learning, this qualitative case study aims to investigate the demonstration of learner autonomy in the context of assessment in English as a foreign language (EFL) classes in a university in Vietnam, and the (potential) factors in assessment that facilitate or constrain the demonstration of learner autonomy in that context. The data were collected through participant observation of teachers’ and students’ practices in three EFL classes at the university during a complete semester, one-on-one semi-structured interviews with three teachers and sixteen students, and post-observation interviews with the three teachers and their students. Additional data which characterised the context of the study were gathered and included documents at the researched university relating to higher education policies, assessment policies, English teaching and learning policies, EFL curriculum and syllabus, test samples, and English teaching textbooks. The study found that students generally demonstrated a low level of autonomy in the classroom despite their positive attitude towards the concept and their awareness of its role in English learning. Primary contributing factors included negative washback of current assessment systems on teaching and learning practices, prescribed assessment practices in the class, teachers’ and learners’ limited and divergent understanding about the concept of learner autonomy, and their limited understanding about the role of assessment in learning in general and in learner autonomy promotion and development in particular. The study also found that students who stated that English was relevant to their personal needs were generally more autonomous outside of the classroom than inside it. Findings from this study support the view that learner autonomy reflects the relationship between learners and the learning environment, and is an emergent product of the interaction between learners and contextual factors including their teacher, their peers, the learning task, class rules and values, and university values and regulations. The study’s findings are significant, as they highlight the social dimension of learner autonomy and the importance of facilitating favourable conditions for teachers to provide learner autonomy and for learners to manifest it. The study also highlights the need to reconsider assessment practices to promote learner autonomy.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Education, 2019
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Law, Kenneth. "Development of a Test Platform and Control System to Demonstrate Autonomous Excavation for Space Exploration Applications." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/25746.
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Increased interestin In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) concept for lunar outpost
construction has motivated to the development of autonomous excavation rovers. The system design of two autonomous excavation rover prototypes UNEMEEP and The
Musketeers are detailed in this thesis. The problem of autonomous excavation has been
explored in the area of agriculture and mining. However, to date very little have been accomplished in the area of an autonomous excavation rover aimed towards space application. A hybrid position and admittance control strategy is implemented on
autonomous excavation rovers to achieve digging and leveling capabilities. Integration tests and a full scale multirover mission scenario were also carried out. The results from the experiments are analyzed and recommendations are made to improve upon the capabilities of the rovers.
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Santos, Ângelo Emanuel Neves dos. "Design and simulation of a smart bottle with fill-level sensing based on oxide TFT technology." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/19593.
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Packaging is an important element responsible for brand growth and one of the main rea-sons for producers to gain competitive advantages through technological innovation. In this re-gard, the aim of this work is to design a fully autonomous electronic system for a smart bottle packaging, being integrated in a European project named ROLL-OUT. The desired application for the smart bottle is to act as a fill-level sensor system in order to determine the liquid content level that exists inside an opaque bottle, so the consumer can exactly know the remaining quantity of the product inside.
An in-house amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide thin-film transistor (a-IGZO TFT) model, previously developed, was used for circuit designing purposes. This model was based in an artificial neural network (ANN) equivalent circuit approach.
Taking into account that only n-type oxide TFTs were used, plenty of electronic building-blocks have been designed: clock generator, non-overlapping phase generator, a capacitance-to-voltage converter and a comparator. As it was demonstrated by electrical simulations, it has been achieved good functionality for each block, having a final system with a power dissipation of 2.3 mW (VDD=10 V) not considering the clock generator. Four printed circuit boards (PCBs) have been also designed in order to help in the testing phase.
Mask layouts were already designed and are currently in fabrication, foreseeing a suc-cessful circuit fabrication, and a major step towards the design and integration of complex trans-ducer systems using oxide TFTs technology.
Books on the topic "Autonomoy demonstrated"
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Novosella, Selatin. Demonstratat e gjashtëdhjetetetës. Prishtinë: Shoqata e të Burgosurve Politikë të Kosovës, 2008.
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Dokumente diplomatike të qeverisë shqiptare për demonstratat e vitit 1981 në Kosovë. Prishtinë: Shoqata e të burgosurve politike e Kosovës, 2012.
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Campos Boralevi, Lea, ed. Challenging Centralism: Decentramento e autonomie nel pensiero politico europeo. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-023-5.
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This book, which is the result of a project of Research of Relevant National Interest (PRIN 2007), presents an overview of theoretical-political thought as a challenge to centralism, starting from the late Middle Ages and the Modern Age through to the twentieth century. As against a 'vertical' vision of European politics which, from Machiavelli to Mosca, favours the hierarchical nature of power relations, the essays collected here are presented as a number of brief chapters in the history of the 'horizontal paradigm' in European political thought. They demonstrate the wealth and the persistence of a tradition and of the myriad experiences and theorisations that have, in effect, proposed forms of decentralisation and of association frequently coexisting with centralism, as in the case of the autonomies within the system of the great national states.
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Shtypi i Austrisë për demonstratat e shqiptarëve të Kosovës më 1968, 1981 dhe 1989. Prishtinë: Shtëpia Botuese "Faik Konica", 2011.
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Lee, Francis, and Joseph Man Chan. Memories of Tiananmen. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728447.
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Memories of Tiananmen: Politics and Processes of Collective Remembering in Hong Kong, 1989-2019 analyzes how collective memory regarding the 1989 Beijing student movement and the Tiananmen crackdown was produced, contested, sustained, and transformed in Hong Kong between 1989 and 2019. Drawing on data gathered through multiple sources such as news reports, digital media content, on-site vigil surveys, population surveys, and in-depth interviews with activists, rally participants, and other stakeholders, it identifies six key processes in the dynamics of social remembering: memory formation, memory mobilization, memory institutionalization, intergenerational transfer, memory repair, and memory balkanization. The book demonstrates how a socially dominant collective memory, even one the state finds politically irritable, can be generated and maintained through constant negotiation and efforts by a wide range of actors. While Memories of Tiananmen mainly focuses on the interplay between political changes and the Tiananmen commemoration in the historical period within which the society enjoyed a significant degree of civil liberties, it also discusses how the trajectory of the collective memory may take a drastic turn as Hong Kong’s autonomy is abridged. The book promises to be a key reference for anyone interested in collective memory studies, social movement research, political communication, and China and Hong Kong studies.
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Disley, Liz. Hegel, Autonomy, and Community. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778165.003.0013.
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By means of an analysis of Hegelian and Hegelian-inspired notions of aspects of communal ethical life, this chapter aims to demonstrate that, far from requiring a non-metaphysical (version of) Hegel, his concept of an ethical community rests on his concepts of consciousness and self-consciousness from the beginnings of his system. It begins by describing the Hegelian account of intersubjectivity that demonstrates the incomplete, changing, and vulnerable nature of Hegelian personhood. It goes on to discuss the Hegelian view of autonomy as seen in the account of civil society in the Philosophy of Right. Finally, it examines further the tension between these accounts and how they interact with the relationship between Hegel’s method and its practical corollaries.
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Attanasio, John. Distributive Autonomy, Democracy, and Capital. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847029.003.0010.
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Economist Thomas Piketty demonstrates the incomes of the top 0.1 percent of American earners begin a sustained increase just before 1980, several years after Buckley, and then have risen dramatically ever since. Campaign spending by the mega wealthy also rises dramatically after other key campaign finance cases. Between 1980 and 2010, U.S. tax rates go from exceptionally progressive compared with other countries to one of the least progressive. Shortly after Buckley, U.S. income and estate taxes plunge in 1980 and 1988. U.S. marginal income tax rates fall from 70–90 percent, 1930–1980, to 30–40 percent, 1980–2010, reaching a low of 28 percent in 1988. The Buckley Constitution has altered the entire process of government. Politics grows more rancorous. Compromise declines. Congress meets less with each other, more with donors. Regulations contract; and skew to favor donors. Government budgets shrink, especially for New Deal social welfare programs.
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Attanasio, John. The Principle of Distributive Autonomy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847029.003.0008.
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Modern libertarians regard themselves as ideological opposites to egalitarians. The principle of distributive autonomy is at strong odds with modern conceptions of libertarianism, but perhaps not so much with the original conception of John Stuart Mill. Modern individualistic libertarianism also has strayed from Immanuel Kant's conception of autonomy. This chapter applies Robert Nozick’s widely acclaimed, and richly elaborated, conception of liberty to demonstrate how the new theory of distributive autonomy differs. John Rawls’s principle of equal liberty proceeds from egalitarian starting points. In contrast, the principle of distributive autonomy uses the importance or value of autonomy itself to justify keen attention to its distribution, even in the area of first-order rights. The principle focuses on (but is not limited to) constitutive rights in foundational areas that constitute the government and larger society. The campaign finance cases violate rather than safeguard autonomy by reversing congressional efforts to protect distributive autonomy.
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Manuel José Cepeda, Espinosa, and Landau David. Part Two Rights, 3 Dignity and Autonomy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190640361.003.0003.
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This chapter provides excerpts of the Colombian Constitutional Court’s case law on dignity and autonomy. Like some European legal orders, Colombian constitutionalism is centered on the protection of human dignity, understood as the protection of a minimum level of subsistence (see Chapter 6), as well as broad respect for human autonomy in fundamental choices. It covers the jurisprudence of the Court legalizing possession of a personal dose of drugs as well as euthanasia, protecting the decisional autonomy of children in a school setting, protecting the autonomy and dignity of intersex children, and legalizing abortion in certain circumstances. These topics are noteworthy because they demonstrate the Court’s insistence on protecting human autonomy within a historical context that has often sacrificed the individual for the collective.
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de Geus, Eco, Rene van Lien, Melanie Neijts, and Gonneke Willemsen. Genetics of Autonomic Nervous System Activity. Edited by Turhan Canli. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199753888.013.010.
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Large individual differences in the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) play a key role in risk for cardiovascular disease. This chapter presents an overview of the measurement strategies that can be used to study ANS activity in samples that are sufficiently large to allow genetic analyses. Heart rate variability, in particular, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is identified as the measure of choice to index parasympathetic activity, whereas preejection period (PEP) is the measure of choice to index sympathetic activity. Twin studies have demonstrated significant genetic contributions to resting levels of both RSA (heritability estimates range from 25 to 71 percent) and PEP (heritability estimates range from 48 to 74 percent) and the genetic variance in these traits seems to further increase under conditions of psychological stress. Identifying the genetic variants that influence parasympathetic and sympathetic activity may increase our understanding of the role of the ANS in cardiovascular disease.
Book chapters on the topic "Autonomoy demonstrated"
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De Gasperis, Giovanni, Sante Dino Facchini, and Alessio Susco. "Demonstrator of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations for Tax Credit’s Tracking." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 480–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18192-4_41.
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Michalik, David, Per Kohl, Michael Krause, and Anton Kummert. "Virtueller Demonstrator zur Unterstützung der Einführung des autonomen Fahrens am Beispiel automatisierter Shuttlebusse." In Transforming Mobility – What Next?, 399–418. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36430-4_24.
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Calvo, Rafael A., Dorian Peters, Karina Vold, and Richard M. Ryan. "Supporting Human Autonomy in AI Systems: A Framework for Ethical Enquiry." In Philosophical Studies Series, 31–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50585-1_2.
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Abstract Autonomy has been central to moral and political philosophy for millennia, and has been positioned as a critical aspect of both justice and wellbeing. Research in psychology supports this position, providing empirical evidence that autonomy is critical to motivation, personal growth and psychological wellness. Responsible AI will require an understanding of, and ability to effectively design for, human autonomy (rather than just machine autonomy) if it is to genuinely benefit humanity. Yet the effects on human autonomy of digital experiences are neither straightforward nor consistent, and are complicated by commercial interests and tensions around compulsive overuse. This multi-layered reality requires an analysis that is itself multidimensional and that takes into account human experience at various levels of resolution. We borrow from HCI and psychological research to apply a model (“METUX”) that identifies six distinct spheres of technology experience. We demonstrate the value of the model for understanding human autonomy in a technology ethics context at multiple levels by applying it to the real-world case study of an AI-enhanced video recommender system. In the process we argue for the following three claims: (1) There are autonomy-related consequences to algorithms representing the interests of third parties, and they are not impartial and rational extensions of the self, as is often perceived; (2) Designing for autonomy is an ethical imperative critical to the future design of responsible AI; and (3) Autonomy-support must be analysed from at least six spheres of experience in order to appropriately capture contradictory and downstream effects.
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Straube, Sirko, Nina Hoyer, Niels Will, and Frank Kirchner. "The Challenge of Autonomy: What We Can Learn from Research on Robots Designed for Harsh Environments." In Robots in Care and Everyday Life, 57–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11447-2_4.
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AbstractIn addition to areas of application in people’s everyday lives and the area of education and services, robots are primarily envisioned in non-immediate living environments by the society—i.e., in inaccessible or even hostile environments to humans. The results of this population survey clearly demonstrate that such application options come across with a high level of acceptance and application potential among the population. Nevertheless, it is expected that the underlying AI in such systems works reliably and that safety for humans is guaranteed.In this chapter, the results of the study are compared with state-of-the-art systems from classical application environments for robots, like the deep-sea and space. Here, systems have to interact with their environment to a large extent on their own over longer periods of time. Although typically the designs are such that humans are able to intervene in specific situations and so external decisions are possible, the requirements for autonomy are also extremely high. From this perspective one can easily derive what kind of requirements are also necessary, and what challenges are still in front of us, when robots should be acting largely autonomous in our everyday life.
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Schlingloff, Holger. "CrESt Use Cases." In Model-Based Engineering of Collaborative Embedded Systems, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62136-0_1.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we present three use cases that are used throughout this book to demonstrate the various systems engineering methods presented: vehicle platooning, adaptable and flexible factories, and autonomous transport robots. The use cases are chosen from real-life industrial tasks and exhibit all software engineering challenges that are specific to the development of collaborative embedded systems.
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Klatt, Martin. "The Dilemma of Responsibility: The Role of Kin-States and Nation-States in Implementing Non-Territorial Autonomy Models to Realise Minorities’ Linguistic, Cultural and Educational Rights." In Realising Linguistic, Cultural and Educational Rights Through Non-Territorial Autonomy, 43–56. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19856-4_4.
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AbstractIn this paper, I scrutinise a perceived best-practice example of national conflict resolution and minority accommodation (the Danish–German borderland of Schleswig) on the dilemma of responsibility to implement minorities’ linguistic, cultural and educational rights. The respective German minority in Denmark and the Danish minority in Germany operate high-quality educational systems and other cultural institutions in an informal non-territorial autonomy (NTA) settlement dating back to the division of the region in 1920. This system depends financially on kin-state support, especially for the Danish minority. A budget conflict in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein in 2010 demonstrated the viability of the minority settlement and issues about fairness and recognition when narratives of a privileged minority dominated political discourse. This raises issues regarding how NTA arrangements should be implemented, refocusing on the responsibility of kin-states and states of residence.
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Majumdar, Rupak, Aman Mathur, Marcus Pirron, Laura Stegner, and Damien Zufferey. "Paracosm: A Test Framework for Autonomous Driving Simulations." In Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 172–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71500-7_9.
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AbstractSystematic testing of autonomous vehicles operating in complex real-world scenarios is a difficult and expensive problem. We present Paracosm, a framework for writing systematic test scenarios for autonomous driving simulations. Paracosm allows users to programmatically describe complex driving situations with specific features, e.g., road layouts and environmental conditions, as well as reactive temporal behaviors of other cars and pedestrians. A systematic exploration of the state space, both for visual features and for reactive interactions with the environment is made possible. We define a notion of test coverage for parameter configurations based on combinatorial testing and low dispersion sequences. Using fuzzing on parameter configurations, our automatic test generator can maximize coverage of various behaviors and find problematic cases. Through empirical evaluations, we demonstrate the capabilities of Paracosm in programmatically modeling parameterized test environments, and in finding problematic scenarios.
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Grunau, Sergej, Magnus Redeker, Denis Göllner, and Lukasz Wisniewski. "The Implementation of Proactive Asset Administration Shells: Evaluation of Possibilities and Realization in an Order Driven Production." In Technologien für die intelligente Automation, 131–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64283-2_10.
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AbstractA major benefit of Digital Twins is autonomous decision making. The concept of the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) enables an assets interaction in Industry 4.0 application scenarios and beyond. This article defines and validates implementation possibilities for proactive AASs by integrating their different types in an AAS infrastructure for an order driven production. The proactive AAS execute the VDI/VDE 2193-interaction protocol in a demonstrator. For this purpose suitable AAS submodels for production and storage are modeled.
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Turel, Vehbi. "Intelligent Design of the Post-Listening Tasks in Interactive Multimedia Listening Environments." In Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design, 198–224. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8499-7.ch008.
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The objective of this chapter is to clearly demonstrate through concrete examples how affective and efficient post-listening tasks for autonomous intermediate and upper-intermediate (intermediate) language learners can be designed and created in interactive multimedia listening environments (IMLEs) as a part of foreign/second language learning (FLL/SLL) process. Thus, in this chapter, firstly the definition of autonomy is slightly touched on. Secondly, the categorisation of autonomy is briefly explained. Thirdly, a separate part on multimedia listening environments and the nature of the listening stages and tasks in such environments is presented. Mainly and finally, what need to be taken into account in order to be able to design and create pedagogically and psychologically effective and useful post-listening tasks for autonomous intermediate language learners in IMLEs is accounted for in detail.
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Turel, Vehbi. "Intelligent Design of the Post-Listening Tasks in Interactive Multimedia Listening Environments." In Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 557–83. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7663-1.ch027.
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The objective of this chapter is to clearly demonstrate through concrete examples how affective and efficient post-listening tasks for autonomous intermediate and upper-intermediate (intermediate) language learners can be designed and created in interactive multimedia listening environments (IMLEs) as a part of foreign/second language learning (FLL/SLL) process. Thus, in this chapter, firstly the definition of autonomy is slightly touched on. Secondly, the categorisation of autonomy is briefly explained. Thirdly, a separate part on multimedia listening environments and the nature of the listening stages and tasks in such environments is presented. Mainly and finally, what need to be taken into account in order to be able to design and create pedagogically and psychologically effective and useful post-listening tasks for autonomous intermediate language learners in IMLEs is accounted for in detail.
Conference papers on the topic "Autonomoy demonstrated"
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Mair, John A., James Jamieson, Ioseba Tena, and Jonathan Evans. "Autonomous Vehicle Qualification Demonstrates Potential for a Game Change." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/20456-ms.
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LeMoyne, Robert, Timothy Mastroianni, Michael Cozza, and Cristian Coroian. "Quantification of Gait Characteristics Through a Functional iPhone Wireless Accelerometer Application Mounted to the Spine." In ASME 2010 5th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2010-32043.
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The capacity to quantify gait in autonomous scenarios may substantially alleviate the rampant strain on limited, scarce, and highly specialized medical resources. A strategy for enabling application autonomy, for which the subject may reside at a remote distant from the clinical resources, has been demonstrated through the research, development, test, and evaluation of wireless accelerometers for gait analysis. An approach for maximizing accuracy and reliability has been demonstrated through the selection of a predetermined anatomical mounting position relative to the human anatomy. Wireless accelerometer systems have presented quantified disparity for the gait of hemiparetic subjects. For the quantification of hemiparetic gait, the selected mounting positions were the lateral epicondyle of the femur and also the lateral malleolus [1].
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Grandjean, P., T. Pesquet, A. M. M. Muxi, and M. C. Charmeau. "What on-Board Autonomy Means for Ground Operations: An Autonomy Demonstrator Conceptual Design." In Space OPS 2004 Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-456-267.
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Zhou, Xu, Jiucai Zhang, and Xiaoli Zhang. "Self-Reflective Learning Strategy for Persistent Autonomy of Aerial Manipulators." In ASME 2019 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2019-9086.
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Abstract Autonomous aerial manipulators have great potentials to assist humans or even fully automate manual labor-intensive tasks such as aerial cleaning, aerial transportation, infrastructure repair, and agricultural inspection and sampling. Reinforcement learning holds the promise of enabling persistent autonomy of aerial manipulators because it can adapt to different situations by automatically learning optimal policies from the interactions between the aerial manipulator and environments. However, the learning process itself could experience failures that can practically endanger the safety of aerial manipulators and hence hinder persistent autonomy. In order to solve this problem, we propose for the aerial manipulator a self-reflective learning strategy that can smartly and safely finding optimal policies for different new situations. This self-reflective manner consists of three steps: identifying the appearance of new situations, re-seeking the optimal policy with reinforcement learning, and evaluating the termination of self-reflection. Numerical simulations demonstrate, compared with conventional learning-based autonomy, our strategy can significantly reduce failures while still can finish the given task.
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Tengg, Allan, and Michael Stolz. "A Safety Gateway for Autonomous Driving Demonstrator Vehicles." In 2020 IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Fall). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-fall49728.2020.9348861.
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Zarifian, Pez, Divya Garikapati, Julia Pralle, Jennifer Dawson, Constantin Hubmann, Brielle Reiff, Raymond Tam, and Gopi Gaddamadugu. "A Hybrid Methodology for Risk Mitigation During Development of Safety-Critical Autonomy Features." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69313.
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Abstract As a relatively nascent field, engineers developing autonomous vehicle (AV) technologies need frequent performance feedback on whether algorithms are performing the driving task competently. Further, because of the complexity of AV systems, it is often lower risk to frequently test small, incremental changes instead of delaying testing and accumulating a large number of changes to the algorithms. While simulation and closed course testing are useful and critically important tools, ultimately driving on public roads is necessary to truly understand system performance and identify potential edge cases. Maintaining a high safety standard to protect all road users during continual public road testing is of paramount importance for the AV industry. The Waterfall methodology has a demonstrated track record for product safety, but does not provide much flexibility for prototyping and incremental testing. The Agile methodology is famous for enabling rapid development and incremental rollouts, but does not possess any inherent safety gates. When it comes to developing complex safety-critical autonomy features, particularly for dynamic environments such as in the case of autonomous vehicles, neither method is fitting. This paper presents a hybrid methodology that strikes a balance between safe and rapid development of autonomy features for the AV industry.
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Britt, Winard, William Lyles, and David M. Bevly. "A State Machine Controller for the Autonomous Guidance of a Trained Canine." In ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4020.
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This work demonstrates the autonomous command of a trained search canine to multiple waypoints using a novel state machine control algorithm. A hardware system is utilized in order to interface with the Global Position Satellite (GPS) system and with a tone and vibration generator for the purpose of accurately navigating and commanding the canine. An operational control algorithm for autonomous guidance of the canine is described in detail. Empirical results of an autonomously commanded canine are demonstrated with an 73% mission success rate for simple paths and a 62% mission success rate for complex paths. This work demonstrates a novel way to expand the capabilities of canines in a wide variety of missions, including search and detection.
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Mignot, Shan. "Towards a demonstrator for autonomous object detection on board Gaia." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Jacobus M. Oschmann, Jr., Mark C. Clampin, and Howard A. MacEwen. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.857118.
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Degel, C., F. J. Becker, M. Heinz, M. Schmieger, M. Moses, M. Molitor, H. Hewener, D. Schmitt, P. Weber, and R. Lemor. "Concept and demonstrator for modular pressure tolerant autonomous underwater vehicle." In OCEANS 2011 - SPAIN. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans-spain.2011.6003547.
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Palmer, Samson, Dale Richards, and Graham Shelton-Rayner. "An Innovative Measure of Cognitive Function in the Human-Autonomy Partnership." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001821.
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Understanding how the user will interact with the system is fundamental to ensuring success in achieving a given goal. Therefore adopting a human-centered design approach will assist in integrating the human as a key component of the system during the design process. With the increased use of autonomy across different domains, the role of the human will inevitably change; in that how the user interacts with the system is dependent on the level of delegated authority the system has been assigned. To understand these interactions and the impact this has on the user, it is important to assess how the human interacts with the system. However, as these systems become more complex we must ask whether the measures we currently use are sufficient in allowing us to better understand the underlying cognitive functions involved in human-autonomy interaction. Evaluating this partnership we can not only assess the effectiveness and efficiency of human-autonomy interaction, but also provide guidance for future designs. Novel techniques such as functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) offer a direct measure of cortical blood flow changes related to brain activity. This paper discusses findings from an experiment that examined human-autonomy interaction in a simulated Autonomous Vehicle (AV) whilst exploring the neural correlates of trust and workload. Participants were asked to complete a series of primary driving scenarios with secondary distraction tasks using both manual and autonomous vehicles. fNIRS was used to assess driver cognition across both conditions. Participants were also confronted with different levels of system transparency to determine whether the level of information presented by the system effected driver trust. Findings suggest that when autonomy was presented then the cognitive activity in the right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) was reduced, whilst secondary task performance improved. These regions are associated with effortful decision-making based on working memory (WM) and reasoning, suggesting that using autonomy helps to reduce cognitive effort by removing the user’s need to make these decisions. During the system transparency scenarios, areas of the right and left vlPFC and left dlPFC showed significantly increased activity when the system provided very little information. These regions have previously been associated with uncertainty of decision making and increased visual processing, suggesting that a lack of information provided by the system meant the driver attempted to process the decisions of the vehicle through monitoring the environment. These findings demonstrate how novel measures of cognitive function could inform the design of future systems and facilitate a more effective human-autonomy partnership.
Reports on the topic "Autonomoy demonstrated"
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Lever, James, Allan Delaney, Laura Ray, E. Trautman, Lynette Barna, and Amy Burzynski. Autonomous GPR surveys using the polar rover Yeti. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43600.
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The National Science Foundation operates stations on the ice sheets of Antarctica and Greenland to investigate Earth’s climate history, life in extreme environments, and the evolution of the cosmos. Understandably, logistics costs predominate budgets due to the remote locations and harsh environments involved. Currently, manual ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys must preceed vehicle travel across polar ice sheets to detect subsurface crevasses or other voids. This exposes the crew to the risks of undetected hazards. We have developed an autonomous rover, Yeti, specifically to conduct GPR surveys across polar ice sheets. It is a simple four-wheel-drive, battery-powered vehicle that executes autonomous surveys via GPS waypoint following. We describe here three recent Yeti deployments, two in Antarctica and one in Greenland. Our key objective was to demonstrate the operational value of a rover to locate subsurface hazards. Yeti operated reliably at −30 ◦C, and it has good oversnow mobility and adequate GPS accuracy for waypoint-following and hazard georeferencing. It has acquired data on hundreds of crevasse encounters to improve our understanding of heavily crevassed traverse routes and to develop automated crevasse-detection algorithms. Importantly, it helped to locate a previously undetected buried building at the South Pole. Yeti can improve safety by decoupling survey personnel from the consequences of undetected hazards. It also enables higher-quality systematic surveys to improve hazard-detection probabilities, increase assessment confidence, and build datasets to understand the evolution of these regions. Yeti has demonstrated that autonomous vehicles have great potential to improve the safety and efficiency of polar logistics.
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Kwiat, Paul, Eric Chitambar, Andrew Conrad, and Samantha Isaac. Autonomous Vehicle-Based Quantum Communication Network. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-020.
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Quantum communication was demonstrated using autonomous vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), as well as autonomous vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I). Supporting critical subsystems including compact size, weight, and power (SWaP) quantum sources; optical systems; and pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) subsystems were designed, developed, and tested. Novel quantum algorithms were created and analyzed, including quantum position verification (QPV) for mobile autonomous vehicles. The results of this research effort can be leveraged in support of future cross-platform, mobile quantum communication networks that provide improved security, more accurate autonomous sensors, and connected quantum computing nodes for next-generation, smart-infrastructure systems.
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Oosterom, Marjoke, Lopita Huq, Victoria Flavia Namuggala, Sohela Nazneen, Prosperous Nankindu, Maheen Sultan, Asifa Sultana, and Firdous Azim. The Gendered Price of Precarity: Voicing and Challenging Workplace Sexual Harassment. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.030.
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There is a strong belief that employment is a crucial avenue for the empowerment of young women, through income, greater autonomy, and bargaining power within the family. However, experiences of workplace sexual harassment undermine these potential gains. This qualitative study among agro-processing factory workers and domestic workers in Uganda and Bangladesh demonstrates that sexual harassment is widespread in both formal and informal workplaces, while domestic workers are particularly vulnerable to its most severe forms.
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Larkin, Lance, Thomas Carlson, William D’Andrea, Andrew Johnson, and Natalie Myers. Network development and autonomous vehicles : a smart transportation testbed at Fort Carson : project report summary and recommendations. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45941.
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In this work, a smart transportation testbed was utilized at Fort Carson to demonstrate three use cases for the primary purpose to plan, develop, demonstrate, and employ autonomous vehicle technologies at military installations and within the surrounding communities to evaluate commercially available Connected and Automated Vehicles and the potential to reduce base operating costs, improve safety and quality of life for military service members and their families, and deliver services more efficiently and effectively. To meet this purpose, an automated vehicle shuttle, an unmanned aerial system, and a wireless network were used and tested during the project. Results for the automated shuttle indicated that despite the quantity of data generated by operations, the contractors may not be ready to share information in a readily usable format. Additionally, successful use by the public is predicated on both knowing their mobility pat-terns and staff members promoting trust in the technology to prospective riders. Results for the unmanned aerial system showed successful identification of foreign object debris and runway cracks at the airfield. The wireless network is now operational and is used for additional work which utilizes the installed traffic cameras.
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Kularatne, Dhanushka N., Subhrajit Bhattacharya, and M. Ani Hsieh. Computing Energy Optimal Paths in Time-Varying Flows. Drexel University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17918/d8b66v.
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Autonomous marine vehicles (AMVs) are typically deployed for long periods of time in the ocean to monitor different physical, chemical, and biological processes. Given their limited energy budgets, it makes sense to consider motion plans that leverage the dynamics of the surrounding flow field so as to minimize energy usage for these vehicles. In this paper, we present two graph search based methods to compute energy optimal paths for AMVs in two-dimensional (2-D) time-varying flows. The novelty of the proposed algorithms lies in a unique discrete graph representation of the 3-D configuration space spanned by the spatio-temporal coordinates. This enables a more efficient traversal through the search space, as opposed to a full search of the spatio-temporal configuration space. Furthermore, the proposed strategy results in solutions that are closer to the global optimal when compared to greedy searches through the spatial coordinates alone. We demonstrate the proposed algorithms by computing optimal energy paths around the Channel Islands in the Santa Barbara bay using time-varying flow field forecasts generated by the Regional Ocean Model System. We verify the accuracy of the computed paths by comparing them with paths computed via an optimal control formulation.
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She, Ruifeng, and Yanfeng Ouyang. Generalized Link-Cost Function and Network Design for Dedicated Truck-Platoon Lanes to Improve Energy, Pavement Sustainability, and Traffic Efficiency. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-037.
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Recent development of autonomous and connected trucks (ACT) has provided the freight industry with the option of using truck platooning to improve fuel efficiency, traffic throughput, and safety. However, closely spaced and longitudinally aligned trucks impose frequent and concentrated loading on pavements, which often accelerates pavement deterioration and increases the life cycle costs for the highway agency. Also, effectiveness of truck platooning can be maximized only in dedicated lanes; and its benefits and costs need to be properly balanced between stakeholders. This paper proposes a network-design model to optimize (i) placement of dedicated truck-platoon lanes and toll price in a highway network, (ii) pooling and routing of ACT traffic from multiple origins and destinations to utilize these lanes, and (iii) configuration of truck platoons within these lanes (e.g., lateral displacements and vehicle separations). The problem is formulated as an integrated bi-level optimization model. The upper level makes decisions on converting existing highway lanes into dedicated platoon lanes, as well as setting user fees. The lower-level decisions are made by independent shippers regarding the choice of routes and use of platoon lanes vs. regular lanes; and they collectively determine truck traffic in all lanes. Link-cost functions for platoon lanes are obtained by simultaneously optimizing, through dynamic programming, pavement-rehabilitation activities and platoon configuration in the pavement's life cycle. A numerical case study is used to demonstrate the applicability and performance of the proposed model framework over the Illinois freeway system. It is shown that the freight traffic is effectively channelized on a few corridors of platoon lanes and, by setting proper user fees to cover pavement-rehabilitation costs, systemwide improvements for both freight shippers and highway agencies can be achieved.
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Gregow, Hilppa, Antti Mäkelä, Heikki Tuomenvirta, Sirkku Juhola, Janina Käyhkö, Adriaan Perrels, Eeva Kuntsi-Reunanen, et al. Ilmastonmuutokseen sopeutumisen ohjauskeinot, kustannukset ja alueelliset ulottuvuudet. Suomen ilmastopaneeli, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31885/9789527457047.
Full textAbstract:
The new EU strategy on adaptation to climate change highlights the urgency of adaptation measures while bringing forth adaptation as vitally important as a response to climate change as mitigation. In order to provide information on how adaptation to climate change has been promoted in Finland and what calls for attention next, we have compiled a comprehensive information package focusing on the following themes: adaptation policy, impacts of climate change including economic impacts, regional adaptation strategies, climate and flood risks in regions and sea areas, and the availability of scientific data. This report consists of two parts. Part 1 of the report examines the work carried out on adaptation in Finland and internationally since 2005, emphasising the directions and priorities of recent research results. The possibilities of adaptation governance are examined through examples, such as how adaptations steering is organised in of the United Kingdom. We also examine other examples and describe the Canadian Climate Change Adaptation Platform (CCAP) model. We apply current information to describe the economic impacts of climate change and highlight the related needs for further information. With regard to regional climate strategy work, we examine the status of adaptation plans by region and the status of the Sámi in national adaptation work. In part 2 of the report, we have collected information on the temporal and local impacts of climate change and compiled extensive tables on changes in weather, climate and marine factors for each of Finland's current regions, the autonomous Åland Islands and five sea areas, the eastern Gulf of Finland, the western Gulf of Finland, the Archipelago Sea, the Bothnian Sea and the Bay of Bothnia. As regards changes in weather and climate factors, the changes already observed in 1991-2020 are examined compared to 1981-2010 and future changes until 2050 are described. For weather and climate factors, we examine average temperature, precipitation, thermal season duration, highest and lowest temperatures per day, the number of frost days, the depth and prevalence of snow, the intensity of heavy rainfall, relative humidity, wind speed, and the amount of frost per season (winter, spring, summer, autumn). Flood risks, i.e. water system floods, run-off water floods and sea water floods, are discussed from the perspective of catchment areas by region. The impacts of floods on the sea in terms of pollution are also assessed by sea area, especially for coastal areas. With regard to marine change factors, we examine surface temperature, salinity, medium water level, sea flood risk, waves, and sea ice. We also describe combined risks towards sea areas. With this report, we demonstrate what is known about climate change adaptation, what is not, and what calls for particular attention. The results can be utilised to strengthen Finland's climate policy so that the implementation of climate change adaptation is strengthened alongside climate change mitigation efforts. In practice, the report serves the reform of the National Climate Change Adaptation Plan and the development of steering measures for adaptation to climate change both nationally and regionally. Due to its scale, the report also serves e.g. the United Nations’ aim of protecting marine life in the Baltic Sea and the national implementation of the EU strategy for adaptation to climate change. As a whole, the implementation of adaptation policy in Finland must be speeded up swiftly in order to achieve the objectives set and ensure sufficient progress in adaptation in different sectors. The development of binding regulation and the systematic evaluation, monitoring and support of voluntary measures play a key role.