Books on the topic 'Autonomous Vehicles (AVs)'

When considering the main trends in the development of modern autonomous objects (aircraft, combat vehicles, motor vehicles, floating vehicles, agricultural machines, etc.) in recent decades, two key areas can be identified. The first direction is associated with the improvement of traditional designs of autonomous objects (AO) with an internal combustion engine (ICE) or a gas turbine engine (GTD). The second direction is connected with the creation of new types of joint-stock companies, namely electric joint-stock companies( EAO), joint-stock companies with combined power plants (AOKEU). The energy efficiency is largely determined by the power of the generator set and the battery, which is given to the electrical network in various driving modes. Most of the existing methods for calculating power supply systems use the average values of disturbing factors (generator speed, current of electric energy consumers, voltage in the on-board network) when choosing the characteristics of the generator set and the battery. At the same time, it is obvious that when operating a motor vehicle, these parameters change depending on the driving mode. Modern methods of selecting the main parameters and characteristics of the power supply system do not provide for modeling its interaction with the power unit start-up system of a motor vehicle in operation due to the lack of a systematic approach. The choice of a generator set and a battery, as well as the concept of the synthesis of the power supply system is a problem studied in the monograph. For all those interested in electrical engineering and electronics.

Currently, computer simulation in virtual reality systems has a special status. In order for a computer model to meet the requirements of the tasks it models, it is necessary that the mathematical apparatus correctly describe the simulated phenomena. In this monograph, the simulation of pursuit problems is carried out. An adaptive modeling of the behavior of both pursuers and targets is carried out. An iterative calculation of the trajectories of the participants in the pursuit problem is carried out. The main attention is paid to the methods of pursuit and parallel rendezvous. These methods are taken as the basis of the study and are modified in the future. The scientific novelty of the study is the iterative calculation of the trajectories of the participants in the pursuit task when moving at a constant speed, while following the predicted trajectories. The predicted trajectories form a one-parameter network of continuous lines of the first order of smoothness. The predicted trajectories are calculated taking into account the restrictions on the curvature of the participant in the pursuit problem. The fact of restrictions on curvature can be interpreted as restrictions on the angular frequency of rotation of the object of the pursuit problem. Also, the novelty is the calculation of the iterative process of group pursuit of multiple targets, when targets are hit simultaneously or at specified intervals. The calculation of the parameters of the network of predicted trajectories is carried out with a curvature variation in order to achieve the desired temporal effect. The work also simulates the adaptive behavior of the pursuer and the target. The principle of behavior can be expressed on the example of a pursuer with a simple phrase: "You go to the left - I go to the left." This happens at each iteration step in terms of choosing the direction of rotation. For the purpose, the principle of adaptive behavior is expressed by the phrase: "You go to the left - I go to the right." The studies, algorithms and models presented in the monograph can be in demand in the design of autonomously controlled unmanned aerial vehicles with elements of artificial intelligence. The task models in the monograph are supplemented with many animated images, where you can see the research process. Also, the tasks have an implementation in a computer mathematics system and can be transferred to virtual reality systems if necessary.

Abstract “A runaway trolley is speeding down a track . . .” So begins what is perhaps the most fecund thought experiment of the past several decades since its invention by Philippa Foot. Since then, moral philosophers have applied the “trolley problem” as a thought experiment to study many different ethical conflicts—and chief among them is the programming of autonomous vehicles (AVs). Nowadays, however, very few philosophers accept that the trolley problem is a perfect analogy for driverless cars or that the situations AVs face will resemble the forced choice of the unlucky bystander in the original thought experiment. This book represents a substantial and purposeful effort to move the academic discussion beyond the trolley problem to the broader ethical, legal, and social implications that AVs present. There are still urgent questions waiting to be addressed, for example: how AVs might interact with human drivers in mixed or “hybrid” traffic environments; how AVs might reshape our urban landscapes; what unique security or privacy concerns are raised by AVs as connected devices in the “Internet of Things”; how the benefits and burdens of this new technology, including mobility, traffic congestion, and pollution, will be distributed throughout society; and more. This book is an attempt to map the landscape of these next-generation questions and to suggest preliminary answers, with input from the disciplines of philosophy, sociology, economics, urban planning and transportation engineering, business ethics, and more, and represents a worldwide variety of perspectives.

The chief purposes of this chapter are to explore the problem of moral uncertainty as it pertains to autonomous vehicles and to outline possible solutions. The problem is the following: How should autonomous vehicles be programmed to act when the person who has the authority to choose the ethics of the autonomous vehicle is under moral uncertainty? Roughly, an agent is morally uncertain when she has access to all (or most) of the relevant non-moral facts, including but not limited to empirical and legal facts, but still remains uncertain about what morality requires of her. We argue that the problem of moral uncertainty in the context of autonomous vehicles is an important problem and then critically engage with two solutions to the problem. We conclude by discussing a solution that we think is more promising—that of the philosopher Andrew Sepielli—and offer some support in its defense.

Will Automated Vehicles be Safer than Conventional Vehicles? One of the critically important questions that has emerged about advanced technologies in transportation is how to test the actual effects of these advanced systems on safety, particularly how to evaluate the safety of highly automated driving systems. Richard Young's Critical Analysis of Prototype Autonomous Vehicle Crash Rates does a deep dive into these questions by reviewing and then critically analyzing the first six scientific studies of AV crash rates.

As society embarks on the robotics revolution, lawmakers will need to enact laws that directly address robotic interactions with humans. They will have to consider who or what is responsible for any harm caused by robots and how to properly compensate the injured parties. If they do not, robot producers may incur unexpected and excessive costs, which would disincentivize investment. Or if victims are not adequately compensated, such producers may face a backlash from injured parties. This chapter examines these issues in the realm of autonomous vehicles, and it recommends that manufacturers of autonomous vehicles be treated as the drivers of their vehicles for purposes of assigning civil liability for harm caused by the vehicles’ autonomous mode.

The day will soon come when you will be able to verbally communicate with a vehicle and instruct it to drive to a location. The car will navigate through street traffic and take you to your destination without additional instruction or effort on your part. Today, this scenario is still in the future, but the automotive industry is racing to toward the finish line to have automated driving vehicles deployed on our roads. ADAS and Automated Driving: A Practical Approach to Verification and Validation focuses on how automated driving systems (ADS) can be developed from concept to a product on the market for widescale public use. It covers practically viable approaches, methods, and techniques with examples from multiple production programs across different organizations. The author provides an overview of the various Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and ADS currently being developed and installed in vehicles. The technology needed for large-scale production and public use of fully autonomous vehicles is still under development, and the creation of such technology is a highly innovative area of the automotive industry. This text is a comprehensive reference for anyone interested in a career focused on the verification and validation of ADAS and ADS. The examples included in the volume provide the reader foundational knowledge and follow best and proven practices from the industry. Using the information in ADAS and Automated Driving, you can kick start your career in the field of ADAS and ADS.

The study and modelling of EMC are becoming more critical than ever due to the ubiquitous presence of electronic circuits in all aspects of our lives. Specifically, it is crucial to extend these studies to the new frequencies that, in a few years, will be a reality in modern telecommunications systems, such as 5G and its derived technologies. A specific critical field where the proper EMI shielding has been ensured to avoid EMC problems is the electric autonomous vehicles (EAVs). The huge number of electronics systems in new vehicles will dramatically extend the demands on the EMI shielding solutions used to attenuate the radiated emissions that could affect circuits in the vehicle. Metals or metal alloys are the most common EMI shielding materials since they demonstrate adequate shielding capacity against EMI. However, polymers have become up-and-coming materials for EMI shielding with the characteristics of lightweight, flexibility, cost-effective, easy processing, and resistance to corrosion. Consequently, it is necessary to develop EMI shielding materials based on polymers, plastic materials, and fiber composites that ensure compliance with the different standards that regulate 5G and the proper operation of possible systems susceptible to the intentional and unintended signals generated by this new technology. This contribution focuses on characterizing different composite structures performance based on fibers combined with conductive materials in terms of shielding effectiveness, covering the 5G sub-6 GHz frequency range.

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are transforming economies, societies, and geopolitics. Enabled by the exponential increase of data that is collected, transmitted, and processed transnationally, these changes have important implications for international economic law (IEL). This volume examines the dynamic interplay between AI and IEL by addressing an array of critical new questions, including: How to conceptualize, categorize, and analyze AI for purposes of IEL? How is AI affecting established concepts and rubrics of IEL? Is there a need to reconfigure IEL, and if so, how? Contributors also respond to other cross-cutting issues, including digital inequality, data protection, algorithms and ethics, the regulation of AI-use cases (autonomous vehicles), and systemic shifts in e-commerce (digital trade) and industrial production (fourth industrial revolution). This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Dieser VDI-Bericht ist ausschließlich als PDF-Dokument erschienen! Inhalt Vorwort 1 R. Schöneburg, Mercedes-Benz AG S. Müller, Technische Universität Berlin Auswirkung automatisierten Fahrens auf die Fahrzeugsicherheit Sicherheit zukünftiger hochautomatischer Fahrzeuge im Mischverkehr – Anforderungen, Lösungskonzepte und Potenzialabschätzungen 3 H. Freienstein, J. Kolatschek, G. A. D‘Addetta, Bosch Research, Vehicle Safety and Automated Driving, Robert Bosch GmbH Erkennung der kognitiven Belastung eines Fahrers anhand von Vitalparametern aus realen Fahrzeugsensoren 21 F. Ripper, K. Mahdi, Joyson Safety Systems Aschaffenburg GmbH, Berlin Injury Risk on Rearward Facing Seats in Frontal Impact – Sled Tests and Simulation in a Generic Test Environment 41 H. Zellmer, A. Soni, S. Schilling, B. Eickhoff, Autoliv B.V. & Co. KG, Elmshorn The individual safety of a car seat as a central element of autonomous driving – A comprehensive study of ATDs and human body models based...

Despite their exponential growth in number and activities, international law lacks a comprehensive legal concept of an international organization. The book tackles this topic from the perspective of the legal nature of the legal systems developed by international organizations. It is the first comprehensive study of the different concepts under which international organizations’ legal systems are commonly understood: functionalism, constitutionalism, exceptionalism, informalism. It has a threefold purpose: to trace the historical origins of the different concepts of an international organization, to describe four families under which these different notions are subsumed, and to propose a theory which defines international organizations as ‘dual entities’. The concept of an international organization is defined looking at the nature of the legal systems they develop. The notion of ‘dual legal nature’ describes how organizations create particular legal systems that derive from international law. This peculiar condition affects the law they produce, which is international and internal at the same time. This conceptualization allows the development of a common legal framework applicable to all international organizations, despite their differences in terms of powers, membership, size, and other descriptive features. In particular, the most valuable consequence of this conceptualization is to rebut a frequent argumentative motif, under which organizations are either perceived as vehicles for member states’ interests or as autonomous entities. The effects of the dual legal nature are discussed, analysing international responsibility, the law of treaties, and the validity of organizations’ acts.

This book offers a political economy explanation for the striking cross-national differences in strategies and performance among East Asia’s automotive industries. Some countries—China, South Korea, and Taiwan—have successfully pursued “intensive” growth strategies by increasing local value added based on domestic inputs and technological competencies. Malaysia has attempted but failed to pursue this path. In contrast, Thailand has become a champion of “extensive” growth, relying on foreign assemblers and their suppliers to achieve an impressive expansion of production, assembly, and exports. Latecomer Indonesia has followed Thailand with some success, whereas the Philippines has remained an automotive backwater. Through cross-case and within-case analyses of the seven countries, the book argues that variation is a function of the institutional and political contexts in which firms operate. Different strategies require different institutions and institutional capacities. Intensive development is especially institutionally demanding. Effective institutions emerge when political leaders face severe claims on resources (security threats and domestic pressures for welfare improvement) in the absence of easily accessible revenues to satisfy such needs. Brief comparisons with Brazil, Mexico, and other developing countries confirm the utility of the analytic framework. This explanation is superior to neoclassical accounts. It is consistent with but provides more insight than other prominent approaches to development: national innovation systems, global value chains, and developmental states. New challenges facing auto assemblers and suppliers, such as the transition to electric and autonomous vehicles, will call heavily upon the institutional capacities highlighted in this book.

Dissenter from the Fourth Crusade, disseised earl of Leicester, leader of the Albigensian Crusade, prince of southern France: Simon of Montfort led a remarkable career of ascent from mid-level French baron to semi-independent count before his violent death before the walls of Toulouse in 1218. Through the vehicle of the crusade, Simon cultivated autonomous power in the liminal space between competing royal lordships in southern France in order to build his own principality. This first English biographical study of his life examines the ways in which Simon succeeded and failed in developing this independence in France, England, the Midi, and on campaign to Jerusalem. Simon’s familial, social, and intellectual connexions shaped his conceptions of political order, which he then implemented in his conquests. By analysing contemporary narrative, scholastic, and documentary evidence—including a wealth of archival material—this book argues that Simon’s career demonstrates the vitality of baronial independence in the High Middle Ages, despite the emergence of centralised royal bureaucracies. More importantly, Simon’s experience shows that barons themselves adopted methods of government that reflected a concern for accountability, public order, and contemporary reform ideals. This study therefore marks an important entry in the debate about baronial responsibility in medieval political development, as well as providing the most complete modern account of the life of this important but oft-overlooked crusader.