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1
Mamychev, Aleksey, Anton Vasilyev, DariusH Shopper, Inna Vetrenko, Aleksey Ovchinnikov, Ilia Minnikes, Victor Zatonskiy, et al. THE ROBOTS ASSERT THEIR RIGHTS. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02027-2.
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The monograph was prepared based on the results of the I far Eastern international forum "Robots claim their rights: doctrinal and legal foundations and moral and ethical standards for the use of Autonomous robotic technologies and devices", dedicated to the discussion of the processes of digital transformation of society, public power activities, law and the state. The event discussed social and philosophical, political and legal, and moral and ethical issues of developing, implementing and applying modern end-to-end digital technologies in various spheres of society's life.
The proposed materials are useful for specialists in the field of law, political science, philosophy and other areas of socio-humanitarian knowledge, as well as for all those interested in the digital transformation of modern society.
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Dwyer, James G. Regulating Child Rearing in a Culturally Diverse Society. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786429.003.0014.
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Common complaints against state agencies that regulate parental conduct are that they are insensitive to cultural diversity, unfairly force adult members of cultural minorities to conform to majoritarian norms, and consequently both disrupt parent–child relationships to children's detriment and threaten the very survival of minority cultures. This chapter will address the difficult question of whether and to what extent state agencies should modify child-welfare standards to fit different practices of minority cultural groups. Answering this question entails: clarifying the state’s role generally in the lives of non-autonomous persons, considering who is the best alternative decision maker for them, articulating the value commitments of modern liberal societies, assessing the appropriateness of applying those commitments to state regulation of care for non-autonomous persons, and critically examining claims of adult entitlement to dictate the course of particular young persons’ lives.
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Directions for optimizing activities to ensure the quality and safety of medical care. Collection of materials. Remedium Privolzhje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21145/978-5-906125-80-4_2020.
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Editorial Board: Poklad L.A. — Doctor of Economics and Management, Director of the State Autonomous Establishment of Supplementary Professional Education of the Nizhny Novgorod region «Center for Advanced Training and Professional Retraining of Health Professionals», chief freelance specialist on nursing management of the Volga Federal District. Vagina E.V. — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Deputy Director of the State Autonomous Establishment of Supplementary Professional Education of the Nizhny Novgorod region «Center for Advanced Training and Professional Retraining of Health Professionals». The collection of materials contains scientific and practical materials that reflect modern trends in the development of education and health care, ways of their effective interaction. The authors of the articles presented innovative approaches to nursing practice and professional education of medical workers, offered their views on the problem of increasing the professionalism and prestige of a nursing specialist, the implementation of continuous medical education for specialists with secondary medical and pharmaceutical education. The articles are published in the original, author’s edition. The authors declare that there is no potential conflict of interest and that it is necessary to disclose it in the material.
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Baquero Cruz, Julio. Against Constitutional Pluralism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830610.003.0003.
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This chapter focuses on the concept of ‘constitutional pluralism’. If integration can be seen as a complex process in which institutions, powers, interests, norms, principles, and values are in constant interaction, an essential element on which to test its state of health is the principle of primacy, the partial resistance to it by some national constitutional actors, and the sophisticated attempt to transcend this tension through the theory of constitutional pluralism. Together with direct effect, primacy embodies the force of Union law with regard to state law, redefining legal boundaries in Europe. Indeed, what is at stake in primacy is the very existence of the law of integration as an autonomous system—an existence that cannot be without consequences for the constitutional orders of the Member States. Resisting the allure of pluralism, the chapter argues that the approach of Union law to its relationship with national law is preferable to the other approaches.
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Bruce, Steve. Secularization and Its Consequences. Edited by Phil Zuckerman and John R. Shook. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.013.4.
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The secularization paradigm argues that the decline of religion in the West is an unintended consequence of a variety of complex social changes known as modernization. Without a dramatic reversal of the increasing cultural autonomy of the individual, secularization is irreversible. In the stable affluent democracies of the West, the individual asserts the rights of the sovereign autonomous consumer. In the absence of social forces eroding that freedom, creation of a detailed ideological consensus is not possible, and no amount of vague spiritual yearning will generate a shared belief system. This diversity and its consequences is explored in this chapter.
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de Shalit, Avner. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833215.003.0001.
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Immigration should be discussed within the context of the city rather than the state because cities are now quite autonomous political entities and because nearly all immigrants settle in cities. Hence the meeting between locals and immigrants take place in the context of urban life rather than as citizens of the state. The book’s three questions are presented: should cities be in charge of deciding whether to allow immigrants to settle in the city? If yes, what local political rights should be granted to immigrants? And is there a model of integration which is superior to other models? The latter involved a comparative study of three such models, in Amsterdam, Berlin, and Jerusalem.
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Galab, S., and M. Gopinath Reddy. Policy Impact: Evidence from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199474417.003.0010.
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This chapter discusses research to policy linkages at state level with a case study of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states. The study used the research done by the Centre for Economic and Social Studies (CESS) located at Hyderabad to assess the linkages of the research it had done in the policies of the state, and also the possible impact in actual policymaking in the state of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. The policy research of the CESS is broadly categorized into two types, viz., research-driven policy; and policy-driven research. The study found that in both cases, the CESS research had a significant impact on framing of state policies. The study shows that research by a dedicated and autonomous research institute can play a useful role in giving direction to the policies of the state and help in bringing about changes in the lives of people.
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Nolte, David D. The Measure of Life. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805847.003.0011.
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This final topic of the book extends the ideas of dynamics in abstract spaces of high dimension to encompass the idea of a trajectory of life. Health and disease become dynamical systems defined by all the proteins and nucleic acids that comprise the physical self. Concepts from network theory, autonomous oscillators and synchronization contribute to this viewpoint. Healthy trajectories are like stable limit cycles in phase space, but disease can knock the system trajectory into dangerous regions of health space, as doctors turn to new developments in personalized medicine try to return the individual to a healthy path. This is the ultimate generalization of Galileo’s simple parabolic trajectory.
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Reny, Marie-Eve. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698089.003.0008.
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This chapter summarizes the argument of the book. It also puts Chinese and comparative cases into perspective. It delves into the way containment sustains authoritarian rule not only in China, but also in Jordan and Egypt. Like public security bureaus that tolerate house churches to contain the long-term influence of informal Protestantism, state security actors in Jordan and Egypt have contained informal religious groups they anticipate might threaten political stability if left unmonitored. The conclusion ends on a note that is more specific to China. It discusses containment’s impact on societal agency and the circumstances in which it might lead to the legalization of informal religious organizations as autonomous.
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Wallace, Helen, and Christine Reh. 4. An Institutional Anatomy and Five Policy Modes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199689675.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the European Union’s institutional design and how its institutions interact with national institutions in five different policy modes. It first considers the evolving role and internal functioning of the European Commission, Council of the EU, European Council, European Parliament, and Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). It also discusses quasi-autonomous agencies, in particular the European Central Bank (ECB), institutionalized control and scrutiny, and non-state actors. It concludes with an analysis of five EU policy modes that capture the different patterns of interaction between EU and national institutions: the classical Community method, the regulatory mode, the distributional mode, the policy coordination mode, and intensive transgovernmentalism.
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Miller, Richard W. Why Sovereignty Matters Despite Injustice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812852.003.0003.
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This chapter argues for greater reluctance to launch humanitarian military interventions, without appealing to any inherent value in sovereignty or autonomous political community. Instead, it appeals to the likely consequences of such intervention—both within the target country and for international relations. Miller considers four types of candidate for intervention: stable tyrannies, unstable tyrannies, popular secessions, and ongoing large-scale killing and displacement. Only in the last of these should we be disposed to support intervention according to Miller, since the likely consequences that plague the other three types are here less challenging. Stable tyrannies are usually maintained because the regime has engineered a wide base of support among elites. External overthrow thus risks unleashing violent conflict between divided groups. In unstable tyrannies internally-driven regime change is preferable. Finally, in popular secession external intervention can stoke Great Power worries about spheres of influence and inspire military build-up.
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Hardy, Jeffrey S. Oversight and Assistance. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501702792.003.0004.
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This chapter focuses on the most powerful and important institution in the Gulag's new network of oversight and assistance, the Procuracy. By the mid-1960s, Khrushchev's penal system was enmeshed in a multifaceted and robust network of oversight and assistance that helped curb violence and other illegalities, promoted the reeducation of prisoners, and even supported the economic responsibilities of the individual penal facilities. In this manner the corrective-labor institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) were integrated more fully into the party-state apparatus and their surrounding communities, thereby reducing the conditions of isolation that led to abuse. Never again would the Soviet Gulag function as an autonomous empire within the empire.
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Hatchuel, Sarah, and Nathalie Vienne-Guerin. The Roman Plays on Screen. Edited by Michael Neill and David Schalkwyk. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198724193.013.39.
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Screen adaptations of the Roman plays have given rise to two narrative groupings: Coriolanus and Titus, which have been adapted as individual Shakespearean texts; and Julius Caesar and Antony and Cleopatra, which have been serialized or conflated, giving the impression that the two plays cannot stand as autonomous works. This conflation of Julius Caesar and Antony and Cleopatra may stem from a desire for a restoration (or celebration) of national identity through the appropriation of Roman imagery and cycles of epic history. By contrast, Titus and Coriolanus rewrite less conspicuous landmarks of Roman history, giving directors more freedom to set the plays in different places and times and to introduce imagery that unmoors the stories from their Roman contexts.
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Trevor C, Hartley. Part I General and Introductory, 5 Subject-Matter Scope: Specific Exclusions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198729006.003.0005.
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This chapter consider matters specifically excluded from the scope of Brussels 2012, Lugano 2007, and the Hague Convention. Each of these instruments contains a list of subjects — for example, status of natural persons — that are excluded from its scope. Under Brussels, and almost certainly under Lugano and Hague as well, these legal concepts have an autonomous meaning. They are not interpreted according to national law. If this were not so, the scope of the instrument would vary from State to State. Topics discussed include rights in property arising out of a matrimonial relationship, wills and succession, bankruptcy, social security, arbitration, maintenance, consumer contracts, employment contracts, carriage of persons and goods, maritime matters, competition (antitrust) matters, liability for nuclear damage, personal injury, damage to property, matters subject to exclusive jurisdiction, infringement of intellectual property rights, and declarations under the Hague Convention.
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Wickham, Chris. Sleepwalking into a New World. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691181141.001.0001.
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Amid the disintegration of the Kingdom of Italy in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, a new form of collective government—the commune—arose in the cities of northern and central Italy. This book takes a bold new look at how these autonomous city-states came about, and fundamentally alters our understanding of one of the most important political and cultural innovations of the medieval world. The book provides richly textured portraits of three cities—Milan, Pisa, and Rome—and sets them against a vibrant backcloth of other towns. It argues that, in all but a few cases, the élite of these cities and towns developed one of the first nonmonarchical forms of government in medieval Europe, unaware that they were creating something altogether new. The book makes clear that the Italian city commune was by no means a democracy in the modern sense, but that it was so novel that outsiders did not know what to make of it. It describes how, as the old order unraveled, the communes emerged, governed by consular elites “chosen by the people,” and subject to neither emperor nor king. They regularly fought each other, yet they grew organized and confident enough to ally together to defeat Frederick Barbarossa, the German emperor, at the Battle of Legnano in 1176. This book reveals how the development of the autonomous city-state took place, which would in the end make possible the robust civic culture of the Renaissance.
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Majumdar, Sumit K. India’s Mixed Economy Experiments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641994.003.0005.
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This chapter describes the evolution of India’s industrial structure. Unlike industrialization carried out through large state-owned firms, or industrialization through a cadre of large private corporations, or industrialization through a network of small firms, many alternative organizational dynamics play simultaneously in the Indian system. The system consists of many private businesses that constitute the large-scale industrial sector. Policies were put in place to develop the molecular economy and to develop State-owned firms investing in large-scale units. These policies led to the emergence of important and dynamic segments making up India’s heterogeneous model of capitalism. Each has been in coexistence with the other and added variety to the economy. In the quest for economic progress, if Indian society was to be industrialized, modernized, autonomous, self-reliant, able to defend itself, and an independent center of economic power, State-directed industrialization was realized as a key solution for national development.
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Majumdar, Sumit K. Final Thoughts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641994.003.0009.
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The chapter sums up the evidence and concludes that India’s industrial performance has been sub-par. Given India’s uninspiring industrial performance, three ameliorative reforms, an administrative reform, a structural reform, and a behavioral reform, are put forward. Since talent management is a critical administrative functionality of capitalism, an Indian Management Service would fill key strategic management positions in State firms to deepen the human capital pool for strategic management in the State sector. State sector firms’ ownership could be restructured. An autonomous India Public Investment Authority would be the agency for share-vesting and portfolio management. The India Public Investment Authority would own controlling stakes, while granting strategic and operational autonomy to the firms. A message of economic nationalism, on the theme that a productive industrial India will be a prosperous India, has to stir a consciousness for Indians to change behavior to achieve the efficiency needed for India’s economy to prosper.
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Cockett, J. R. B., and R. A. G. Seely. Proof Theory of the Cut Rule. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748991.003.0010.
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This chapter describes the categorical proof theory of the cut rule, a very basic component of any sequent-style presentation of a logic, assuming a minimum of structural rules and connectives, in fact, starting with none. It is shown how logical features can be added to this basic logic in a modular fashion, at each stage showing the appropriate corresponding categorical semantics of the proof theory, starting with multicategories, and moving to linearly distributive categories and *-autonomous categories. A key tool is the use of graphical representations of proofs (“proof circuits”) to represent formal derivations in these logics. This is a powerful symbolism, which on the one hand is a formal mathematical language, but crucially, at the same time, has an intuitive graphical representation.
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Hand, Richard. Radio Adaptation. Edited by Thomas Leitch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331000.013.19.
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Radio, older than television but newer than cinema, has had to fight for acknowledgment of its power as an autonomous medium rather than a blind version of these other media. Yet it is in some ways more interesting for adapters than either of them because it encourages audiences to visualize scenes and spectacles that producers do not have to stage visually, empowering audiences to become more active even as it keeps down production costs. From its earliest days, radio depended on adaptations of earlier novels, stories, poems, plays, and movies. This adaptive impulse survives in contemporary podcasts, torrents, and audio streamed online, all of them relying on audiences whose experiences with other media make them co-creators of the experiences radio offers.
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Rhodes, R. A. W. The New Governance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786108.003.0010.
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The chapter reviews the several definitions of governance: the minimal state; corporate governance; the new public management, ‘good’ governance; a socio-cybernetic system. It then stipulates a definition of governance as self-organizing, inter-organizational networks. It argues there is a trend from government to governance in British government because of the hollowing-out pressures and the tools for intergovernmental management are integral to effective steering. Policy networks are already widespread. This trend is not widely recognized and has important implications not only for the practice of British government but also for democratic accountability. Governance as self-organizing networks is a challenge to governability because the networks can become autonomous and resist central guidance. They are set fair to become the prime example of governing without government.
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Sotnyk, M. Power supply for educational institutions: efficiency and alternatives. Accent Graphics Communications & Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29013/msotnyk.pseiea.2020.146.
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Proposed methodological approaches to modeling short-term forecasting and long-term planning of electrical consumption in educational institutions based on retrospective data. A logic-structural model and software of the circuit “object of monitoring of electric consumption — factors of influence — regulatory tools” of an automated system for controlling the efficiency of energy consumption in educational institutions have been developed. There are given practical recommendations of feasibility study of introduction of alternative power supply sources in educational institutions, in particular: solar generation, heat pumps, autonomous energy sources, etc. Proposed scientific and methodological approaches to the introduction of an organizational and economic mechanism for managing the development of renewable energy in educational institutions and a motivation system for employees of the energy management service. The monograph is a generalization of scientific research conducted by employees of Sumy State University during the state budget research work “Model of an efficiency management and forecasting system for the consumption of electric energy” (State Registration No. 0118U003583). The monograph is intended for researchers and specialists in the implementation of energy management systems
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Mandić, Danilo. Gangsters and Other Statesmen. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691187884.001.0001.
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Separatism has been on the rise across the world since the end of the Cold War, dividing countries through political strife, ethnic conflict, and civil war, and redrawing the political map. This book examines the role transnational mafias play in the success and failure of separatist movements, challenging conventional wisdom about the interrelation of organized crime with peacebuilding, nationalism, and state making. The book demonstrates how globalized mafias shape the politics of borders in torn states, shedding critical light on an autonomous nonstate actor that has been largely sidelined by considerations of geopolitics, state-centered agency, and ethnonationalism. Blending extensive archival sleuthing and original ethnographic data with insights from sociology and other disciplines, the book argues that organized crime can be a fateful determinant of state capacity, separatist success, and ethnic conflict. Putting mafias at the center of global processes of separatism and territorial consolidation, the book raises vital questions and urges reconsideration of a host of separatist cases in West Africa, the Middle East, and East Europe.
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Schillemans, Thomas, and Jon Pierre, eds. Media and Governance. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447341437.001.0001.
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First published as a special issue of Policy & Politics, this updated volume explores the intersections between governance and media in western democracies, which have undergone profound recent changes. Many governmental powers have been shifted toward a host of network parties such as NGOs, state enterprises, international organizations, autonomous agencies, and local governments. Governments have developed complex networks for service delivery and they have a strategic interest in the news media as an arena where their interests can be served and threatened. How do the media relate to and report on complex systems of government? How do the various governance actors respond to the media and what are the effects on their policies? This book considers the impact of media-related factors on governance, policy, public accountability and the attribution of blame for failures.
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Fischer-Lichte, Erika. Only with Beauty Man Shall Play. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199651634.003.0003.
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Chapter 1, ‘Only with Beauty Man Shall Play. Goethe’s Production of Ion in Weimar (1802)’, proceeds from Goethe’s and Schiller’s responses to the French Revolution. While Goethe hailed the Bildung of the individual—that is, the development of his potential to the full—as the substitute for a revolution, Schiller believed that it was the aesthetic education of the individual that would finally result in a free state. The production of a Greek tragedy as an autonomous work of art that precluded the formation of empathy in the spectator (contrary to the domestic tragedy) was supposed to offer the spectator the possibility of aesthetic distance and thus enable him to acquire Bildung. To this end, Goethe developed a completely new aesthetics that the majority of spectators rejected—Ion turned out to be a flop.
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Pérez López, Tezozomoc, Hosefa A. Paat Estrella, Francisco Javier Barrera Lao, and Gabriela P. Aldana, eds. IX Congreso Nacional ALCONPAT 2020. EPOMEX-UAC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26359/alconpat2020.
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The construction industry is an indicator of economic development: in good times both individuals and companies invest to increase or improve their houses and facilities. The halted construction is an indication of economic difficulties. Hence the importance of protecting infrastructure investments through diagnostic, recovery and construction rehabilitation procedures. IX National Congress ALCONPAT Mexico 2020 addressed the thematic axes: Materials and nanomaterials, Durability and sustainability, Preservation of built heritage, Preservation, maintenance and rehabilitation, Semi and non-destructive tests, Corrosion in concrete structures, Climate Change. Four Plenary Conferences were presented, given by renowned researchers from Spain, Colombia, Mexico and Argentina. Nine Master Conferences were also presented, given by Researchers from the Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Veracruzana University, CNIC of Havana, Cuba and the Autonomous University of Campeche. 61 papers were received, divided into: 35 oral presentations 26 poster presentations. The participating institutions were: Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Universidad Veracruzana, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tecnológico Nacional de México (Instituto Tecnológico de Chetumal), Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Cinvestav Unidad Mérida, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, CIIDIR IPN Campus Oaxaca, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas de Cuba, Consultor Independiente de Ecuador, Centro Internacional de Matemáticas Numéricas e Ingeniería (España), Universidad Nacional del Sur ( Argentina). Effort and enthusiasm of the participants to carry out the event in virtual mode, due to the existing adverse sanitary conditions, stands out. It is one more indication of the strength of the ALCONPAT community in maintaining the continuity of one of its activities to exchange knowledge and experiences for the improvement of practices aimed at prolonging the durability of the infrastructure.
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Oz, Avraham. In Blood Stepped in. Edited by Michael Neill and David Schalkwyk. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198724193.013.50.
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In their modern Hebrew stage versions, which developed in the twentieth century while Jewish nationhood was striving to materialize territorially and culturally, productions of Shakespeare’s tragedies were often measured by their relevance to the current political circumstances. Thus in Romeo and Juliet, whose core of romantic betrothal may still reflect the concerns and demands of the wider community, the lovers' failure to establish a new mode of familial allegiance, may correspond to the potential tragedy of the impossible Zionist attempt to realize autonomous nationhood without paying the price of establishing a colonialist enterprise—one that deprives a rival ethnic group from achieving its own self-determination. By the same token Fortinbras may ignite the debate between the victim’s vulnerability and the aggressor’s violence. This chapter traces the alternation in modern Hebrew Shakespeare between political and purely aesthetic treatment of the tragedies.
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Gunkel, David J. Can machines have rights? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0063.
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One of the enduring concerns of ethics is determining who is deserving of moral consideration. Although initially limited to “other men,” ethics has developed in such a way that it challenges its own restrictions and comes to encompass what had been previously excluded entities. Currently, we stand on the verge of another fundamental challenge to moral thinking. This challenge comes from the autonomous and increasingly intelligent machines of our own making, and it puts in question many deep-seated assumptions about who or what can be a moral subject. This chapter examines whether machines can have rights. Because a response to this query primarily depends on how one characterizes “moral status,” it is organized around two established moral principles, considers how these principles apply to artificial intelligence and robots, and concludes by providing suggestions for further study.
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Mukherjee, Supriya. Indian Historical Writing since 1947. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199225996.003.0026.
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This chapter focuses on Indian historical writing. The end of colonial rule in 1947 was a turning point in Indian historical writing and culture. History emerged as a professional discipline with the establishment of new state-sponsored institutions of research and teaching. Attached to the institutionalization was the political imperative of a newly independent nation in search of a coherent and comprehensive historical narrative to support its nation-building efforts. At the same time, there was a desire to establish an autonomous Indian perspective, free of colonial constraints and distortions. In this, post-independence historiography owed much to earlier strands of nationalist historiography. During the first two decades after independence, three main trajectories of historical writing emerged: an official and largely secular nationalist historiography, a cultural nationalist historiography with strong religious overtones, and a critical Marxist trajectory based on analyses of social forms.
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Matthee, Rudi. Historiographical Reflections on the Eighteenth Century in Iranian History. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190250324.003.0003.
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This chapter seeks to bring some historiographical coherence to the rather chaotic eighteenth century in Iranian history. It suggests that rather than looking at the period in dynastic terms, as a tale of ‘great men’, or as a mere tribal interlude between the seventeenth-century Safavid and the nineteenth-century Qajar dynasties, it is more productive to view it in its own right and suggest three interpretive models for future research on this transitional period: a ‘supranational’ or regional approach, situating Iran in a broader Eurasian framework; a more narrow purview which perceives the country as a singular political and cultural entity, although not necessarily through a nationalist lens; and a regional perspective, in recognition of the fact that Iran at the time was not yet a nation-state but rather a conglomerate of poorly connected and relatively autonomous regional centers.
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Hansen, Hendrik, and Tim Kraski Lic., eds. Politischer und wirtschaftlicher Liberalismus. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845239286.
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The metaphor of the ‘invisible hand’ not only characterises Smith’s understanding of competitive processes in free markets but also his theory of political liberalism. Smithʼs theory of economic and political liberalism is based on the assumption of autonomous processes in the development of morality, laws and the social order. These processes lead to a natural harmony of individual interests in politics and economics. However, Smith does not associate these ideas with the demand for a minimal state. Instead, he assigns the state a much more active role than is generally assumed. The analyses in this book of Smith’s reception by authors in the 19th century (in the US and Germany) and of his relevance for current analyses of political challenges show that the question of which conditions need to be fulfilled to ensure the stability of liberal societies is still a crucial one in political philosophy and science. With contributions by Michael Aßländer, Christel Fricke, Hendrik Hansen, Michael Hochgeschwender, Tobias Knobloch, Tim Kraski, Heinz D. Kurz, Birger Priddat, Bastian Ronge, Rolf Steltemeier, Richard Sturn
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Langston, Joy K. Theorizing Authoritarian Party Survival. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190628512.003.0002.
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During democratization, all authoritarian parties confront major issues: the pressures to split and disintegrate, as the former autocrats are ousted and the party loses its internal enforcer; the restructuring of party resources and the identity of internal groups that can grab them; and the struggle to win elections without fraud or violence. Not every nation’s authoritarian parties are able to meet these challenges. In Mexico, the two-tiered electoral system delivered resources to the PRI governors and the central party headquarters. The party’s governors grew more powerful thanks to Mexico’s fiscal paradise: states are legally guaranteed taxes, while state executives could spend as they needed without being audited. The national office enjoyed the generous resources provided by the national electoral institute. Because these two groups had autonomous sources of money and candidacies, they were able to cooperate during the twelve years out of the presidency, while continuing to win legislative elections.
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Bizer, Marc. Whose Mistake? The Errors of Friendship in Cicero, La Boétie, and Montaigne. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803034.003.0003.
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Focusing on Montaigne’s adaptation of Cicero’s De amicitia within his own essay “On Friendship,” this chapter reveals Montaigne’s complex reception of the “Roman error” of putting friendship before the needs of the state. Drawn to such matters in part by his friendship with Étienne de La Boétie, Montaigne, in effect, disagrees with Cicero over how to react to this error. Cicero (through his Laelius) opts to condemn it, while Montaigne finds in it support for his view of friendship, one that in turn sustains Montaigne’s moderation amid the political extremism of the French Wars of Religion. Montaigne’s rejection of Roman friendship as error on the one hand reflects his questioning of the value of ancient models for understanding the present. On the other hand, however, his characterization of ideal friendship as autotelic and autonomous can also be seen as a tacit acknowledgment that friendship among the elite is inherently political.
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Tattersall, Martin H. N., and David W. Kissane. Achieving shared treatment decisions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0014.
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The respect of a patient’s autonomous rights within the model of patient-centred care has led to shared decision-making, rather than more paternalistic care. Understanding patient needs, preferences, and lifestyle choices are central to developing shared treatment decisions. Patients can be prepared through the use of question prompt sheets and other decision aids. Audio-recording of informative consultations further helps. A variety of factors like the patient’s age, tumour type and stage of disease, an available range of similar treatment options, and their risk-benefit ratios will impact on the use of shared decision-making. Modifiable barriers to shared decision-making can be identified. Teaching shared decision-making includes the practice of agenda setting, use of partnership statements, clarification of patient preferences, varied approaches to explaining potential treatment benefits and risks, review of patient values and lifestyle factors, and checking patient understanding–this sequence helps both clinicians and patients to optimally reach a shared treatment decision.
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Croce, Mariano, and Marco Goldoni. The Legacy of Pluralism. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503612112.001.0001.
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Book Abstract: How should the state face the challenge of radical pluralism? How could constitutional orders be changed when they prove unable to regulate society? Santi Romano, Carl Schmitt, and Costantino Mortati, the leading figures of Continental legal institutionalism, provided three responses that deserve our full attention today. Mariano Croce and Marco Goldoni introduce and analyze these three towering figures for a modern audience. Romano thought pluralism to be an inherent feature of legality and envisaged a far-reaching reform of the state for it to be a platform of negotiation between autonomous normative regimes. Schmitt believed pluralism to be a dangerous deviation that should be curbed through the juridical exclusion of alternative institutional formations. Mortati held an idea of the constitution as the outcome of a basic agreement among hegemonic forces that should shape a shared form of life. The Legacy of Pluralism explores the convergences and divergences of these towering jurists to take stock of their ground-breaking analyses of the origin of the legal order and to show how these help us cope with the current crisis of national constitutional systems.
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Gratzer, Wolfgang. Is Listening to Music an Art in Itself—or Not? Edited by Christian Thorau and Hansjakob Ziemer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466961.013.22.
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This chapter discusses features of the extensively used attribution “art of listening” in contexts of therapy, partially New Age–like capacity building, sociology, and music. The second section comments on the relationship between music listening and music appreciation. The key assumption discussed is that understanding (described as a process of relating oneself to something or somebody) unfolds as activities that can be increased respectively between four poles: creating meaning, making music, generating emotion, and deepening reflection. Finally, the chapter returns to the question: Is listening to music an art—or not? Agreeing with Adam Heinrich Müller’s assumption that “the art of listening” stands for creating meaning autonomously, this question is answered in the affirmative.
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Wallace, Vesna A., and Christine Murphy. Contemporary Mongolian Buddhism. Edited by Michael Jerryson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199362387.013.9.
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This chapter consists of two main sections. The first section is concerned with a brief and broad overview of the emergence and development of Buddhism during different periods, namely, those of the Mongol Empire, the colonial Qing rule in Mongolia, and the establishment of the Autonomous Mongolian State. This is followed by descriptions of the demise of institutional Buddhism in Mongolia, prohibition of religious freedom during the communist period, and the re-emergence of Buddhism in the early 1980s. The first section of the chapter focuses on the challenges of the early phase of the revitalization of Buddhism and on the current progress made in the effort to rebuild Buddhism as a genuine Mongolian tradition. The second section of the chapter is dedicated to the development of modern interpretations of Buddhism within contemporary Mongolia. Looking specifically at the relationship between sexuality and monasticism in contemporary Mongolia and at the tradition of married monastics, we develop a fuller understanding of contemporary Buddhist practices and identity in contemporary Mongolian Buddhism.
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Kaiser, Roman, and Fabian Michl, eds. Landeswahlrecht. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748905790.
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In German politics, elections occur constantly. When voters are not being called upon to elect a new Bundestag, the next election at federal state level is just around the corner. Despite some commonalities, each federal state parliament is elected within a different legal framework. In both the public’s perception and electoral studies, however, those differences are not always duly taken into account. Therefore, this volume describes the electoral laws of the states in 16 specific chapters following a short introduction on their theoretical and historical foundations as well as on the requirements of the federal constitution. It provides a reliable basis for comparing the German electoral systems with one another. The electoral laws of the states do not appear as mere imitations of the federal system, but as autonomous legislative entities with their own structural decisions and emphases. The volume deals, in particular, with controversial reform projects, such as the reduction of the voting age and so-called affirmative action Legislation. With contributions by Prof. Dr. Tristan Barczak, LL.M.; Dr. Henner Gött, LL.M.; Lukas Christoph Gundling, M.A.; Dorothea Heilmann; Dr. Patrick Hilbert; Laura Jung, MJur, Maître en droit; Benjamin Jungkind; Dr. Roman Kaiser; Dr. Manuel Kollmann, Dr. Stefan Lenz, Dr. Stefan Martini; Michael Meier; Dr. Fabian Michl, LL.M.; Nadja Reimold; Christina Schulz, LL.M.; Dr. Thomas Spitzlei; Victor Struzina
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Rich Dorman, Sara. Understanding Zimbabwe. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190634889.001.0001.
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This book seeks to understand the state, nation and political identities that are being forged in modern Zimbabwe, and the nature of control that Robert Mugabe’s ZANU exercises over those political institutions. Focusing on the perspective and experiences of societal groups including NGOs, churches, trade unions, students and academics the book explores how the construction of consent, threat of coercion and material resources are used to integrate social groups into the ruling nationalist coalition, but also how they resist and frame competing discourses and institutions. Taking seriously the discursive and institutional legacies of the nationalist struggle and the liberation war in shaping politics, it explores how independent Zimbabwe’s politics were molded by discursive claims to foster national unity that delegitimize autonomous political action outside the ruling party. Building a new societal coalition entailed the "demobilization" of ZANU(PF)’s original nationalist constituency which had backed it during the liberation war, and the "inclusion" of new groups including donors, white farmers and business interests. It also shows how legal practices and institution-building defused and constrained opportunities for contestation, even while the regime used the security forces to suppress those who challenged its political monopoly or who otherwise resisted incorporation. It thus presents a complex picture of how individuals and groups became bound up in the project of state- and nation-building, despite contesting or even rejecting aspects of it.
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Abebe, Adem, Sumit Bisarya, Elliot Bulmer, Erin Houlihan, and Thibaut Noel. Annual Review of Constitution-Building: 2019. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2020.67.
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International IDEA’s Annual Review of Constitution-Building provides a retrospective account of constitutional transitions around the world, the issues that drive them, and their implications for national and international politics. This seventh edition covers events in 2019. Because this year marks the end of a decade, the first chapter summarizes a series of discussions International IDEA held with international experts and scholars throughout the year on the evolution of constitution-building over the past 10 years. The edition also includes chapters on challenges with sustaining constitutional pacts in Guinea and Zimbabwe; public participation in constitutional reform processes in The Gambia and Mongolia; constitutional change and subnational governance arrangements in Tobago and the Autonomous Region of Bangsamoro; the complexities of federal systems and negotiations on federal state structures in Myanmar and South Sudan; and the drawing (and redrawing) of the federal map in South Sudan and India. Writing at the mid-way point between the instant reactions of the blogosphere and academic analyses that follow several years later, the authors provide accounts of ongoing political transitions, the major constitutional issues they give rise to, and the implications of these processes for democracy, the rule of law and peace.
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de la Torre, Oscar. The People of the River. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643243.001.0001.
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In this history of the black peasants of Amazonia, Oscar de la Torre focuses on the experience of African-descended people navigating the transition from slavery to freedom. He draws on social and environmental history to connect them intimately to the natural landscape and to Indigenous peoples. Relying on this world as a repository for traditions, discourses, and strategies that they retrieved especially in moments of conflict, Afro-Brazilians fought for autonomous communities and developed a vibrant ethnic identity that supported their struggles over labor, land, and citizenship. Prior to abolition, enslaved and escaped blacks found in the tropical forest a source for tools, weapons, and trade--but it was also a cultural storehouse within which they shaped their stories and records of confrontations with slaveowners and state authorities. After abolition, the black peasants' knowledge of local environments continued to be key to their aspirations, allowing them to maintain relationships with powerful patrons and to participate in the protest cycle that led Getúlio Vargas to the presidency of Brazil in 1930. In commonly referring to themselves by such names as "sons of the river," black Amazonians melded their agro-ecological traditions with their emergent identity as political stakeholders.
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de Shalit, Avner. Cities and Immigration. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833215.001.0001.
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Immigration is no doubt one of the most urgent political issues all over the world. Academics and politicians have been discussing the question of how states should cope with immigrants; but 96 per cent of immigrants end up in cities, and in Europe and the USA a large majority of the immigrants settles in seven or eight cities only. So how should cities integrate immigrants? Should cities be allowed to design their autonomous integration policies? Could they issue visas to immigrants? Should immigrants be granted voting rights in local elections before naturalization? And how do cities think about these issues? What can we learn from cities which are thought to be successful in integrating and assimilating immigrants? Is there a model of integration within the city which is morally superior to other models? How can an immigrant’s well-being through having a sense of place be maintained? All these questions are discussed in this book both empirically and normatively. The book is based on hundreds of in-depth discussions of these matters with city dwellers in several cities in Europe and the USA. It shifts the discourse on immigration from ‘thinking like a state’ to ‘thinking like a city’.
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Liao, S. Matthew, ed. Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190905033.001.0001.
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Featuring seventeen original essays on the ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) by today’s most prominent AI scientists and academic philosophers, this volume represents state-of-the-art thinking in this fast-growing field. It highlights central themes in AI and morality such as how to build ethics into AI, how to address mass unemployment caused by automation, how to avoid designing AI systems that perpetuate existing biases, and how to determine whether an AI is conscious. As AI technologies progress, questions about the ethics of AI, in both the near future and the long term, become more pressing than ever. Should a self-driving car prioritize the lives of the passengers over those of pedestrians? Should we as a society develop autonomous weapon systems capable of identifying and attacking a target without human intervention? What happens when AIs become smarter and more capable than us? Could they have greater than human-level moral status? Can we prevent superintelligent AIs from harming us or causing our extinction? At a critical time in this fast-moving debate, thirty leading academics and researchers at the forefront of AI technology development have come together to explore these existential questions.
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Schmitz, Hans Peter. Transnational Human Rights Networks: Significance and Challenges. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.354.
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Transnational human rights networks refer to a form of cross-border collective action that seeks to promote compliance with universally accepted norms. Principled transnational activism began to draw sustained scholarly attention after the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 and the creation of a new type of information-driven and impartial transnational activism, embodied in organizations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. Scholarship on transnational human rights networks emerged during the 1990s within the subfield of International Relations and as a challenge to the state-centric and materialist bias of the field. In their 1998 book Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics, Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink describe the key role that transnational human rights groups play in global affairs. Focusing on rights-based activism, Keck and Sikkink show how transnational advocacy networks (TANs) can influence domestic politics. The concept of TANs is dominated by the purposeful activism of nongovernmental organizations and driven by shared principles, not professional standards. A number of studies have challenged the core assumptions about the effectiveness of principled human rights activism, arguing that international support plays no significant role compared to the autonomous efforts of domestic activists. One way to overcome these challenges and criticisms is for the transnational activist sector, as well as other types of non-state actors, to move beyond the principles/interests dichotomy and take a closer look at the internal dynamics of participant NGOs.
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Macmaster, Neil. War in the Mountains. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860211.001.0001.
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The role of the peasantry during the Algerian War of Independence (1954–62) has been long neglected by historians, in part because they have been viewed as a ‘primitive’ mass devoid of political consciousness. This ground-breaking social history challenges this conventional understanding by tracing the ability of the peasant community to sustain an autonomous political culture through family, clan, and village assemblies (djemâa), organizations that were eventually harnessed by emerging guerrilla forces. The long-established system of indirect rule by which the colonial state controlled and policed the vast mountainous interior through an ‘intelligence state’ began to break down after the 1920s as the djemâas formed a pole of opposition to the patron-client relations of the rural élites. Clandestine urban-rural networks emerged that prepared the way for armed resistance and a system of rebel governance. The anthropologist Jean Servier, recognizing the dynamics of the peasant community, in 1957 masterminded a major counterinsurgency experiment, Opération Pilote, that sought to defeat the guerilla forces by constructing a parallel ‘hearts and minds’ strategy. The army, unable to implement a programme of ‘pacification’ of dispersed mountain populations, reversed its policy by the forced evacuation of the peasants into regroupement camps. Contrary to the accepted historical analysis of Pierre Bourdieu and others that rural society was massively uprooted and dislocated, the peasantry continued to demonstrate a high level of social cohesion and resistance based on powerful family and kin networks.
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Medvetz, Thomas, and Jeffrey J. Sallaz, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Pierre Bourdieu. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199357192.001.0001.
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Pierre Bourdieu was arguably the most important social theorist of the twentieth century. A French sociologist, he produced during his lifetime scores of empirical studies that laid the foundation for a rich theoretical program. These included studies of French colonialism in Algeria, the education system in France, new forms of state power, and the rise of autonomous artistic and scientific fields. Bourdieu’s research program was grounded in concepts such as habitus, field, forms of capital, and symbolic domination. Although most of these concepts have long historical legacies, Bourdieu elaborated conjoined them in an entirely originzal way, This Handbook assesses Pierred Bourdieu’s legacy from the standpoint of the early twenty-first century. It brings together a diverse array of contributors who consider how Bourdieu has advanced research and thinking in a variety of fields and areas. In particular, it considers how Bourdieu’s work has been appropriated for study in various regions of the world; how scholars have used Bourdieu to understand emergent transnational phenomena; how Bourdieu’s ideas have reshaped various disciplines and subfields; the ways in which Bourdieu’s concepts are embedded in long-standing theoretical traditions and debates; and the many ways in which Bourdieu’s research has generated entirely new fields and objects of study.
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Thorlakson, Lori. Multi-Level Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833505.001.0001.
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All federal systems face an internal tension between divisive and integrative political forces, striking a balance between providing local autonomy and representation on one hand and maintaining an integrated political community on the other hand. How multi-level systems strike this balance depends on the development of styles of either integrated politics, which creates a shared framework for political competition across the units of a federation, or independent politics, preserving highly autonomous arenas of political life. This book argues that the long-term development of integrated or independent styles of politics in multi-level systems can be shaped by two key elements of federal institutional design: the degree of fiscal decentralization, or how much is ‘at stake’ at each level of government, and the degree to which the allocation of policy jurisdiction creates legislative or administrative interdependence or autonomy. These elements of federal institutional design shape integrated and independent politics at the level of party organizations, party systems, and voter behaviour. This book tests these arguments using a mixed-method approach, drawing on original survey data from 250 subnational party leaders and aggregate electoral data from over 2,200 subnational elections in seven multi-level systems: Canada, the United States, Australia, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, and Spain. It supplements this with configurational analysis and qualitative case studies.
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Courage, Richard A., and Christopher Robert Reed. Roots of the Black Chicago Renaissance. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043055.001.0001.
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This anthology engages questions about origins of the Black Chicago Renaissance (1930-1955) from wide-ranging disciplinary perspectives. It traces a foundational stage from the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition to onset of the Depression. Eleven essays contribute to recovering understudied black artists and intellectuals, remapping African American cultural geography beyond and before 1920s Harlem, and reconceptualizing the paradigm of urban black renaissance. Contributors probe the public lives and achievements, class and family backgrounds, education and training, areas of residency, and institutional affiliations of such African American cultural pioneers as writers Fannie Barrier Williams, James David Corrothers, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, and Fenton Johnson; visual artists William E. Scott, Charles C. Dawson, and King Daniel Ganaway; and dance teacher Hazel Thompson Davis. Organized chronologically and deploying rich archival explorations, these essays unearth local resonances of such world-changing events as the Columbian Exposition, First World War, Great Migration, 1919 Red Summer, and Jazz Age. They identify internally-generated, transformative forces that supported emergence of creative individuals and cultural circles committed to professional work in arts and letters. These individuals were often identified with the appellation “New Negro,” whose multiple (sequential, overlapping) meanings are explored in relation to the formation and growth of a geographically compact, racially homogenous, and increasingly autonomous Black Metropolis.
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Canҫado Trindade, Antônio Augusto. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830009.003.0016.
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In the domain of protection of the rights of the human person, the interaction between the international and national legal norms, with the primacy of the norm most favourable to the victims, contributes to the universality of the corpus juris of the International Law of Human Rights. This secures the unity and primacy of law (prééminence du droit, rule of law), in the light of the principle pro persona humana. The five panels have addressed, in the light of the principle of humanity, respectively: jurisdiction; responsibility; immunities; treaties; and other sources of international law. The operation of international human rights tribunals is guided by principles, without undue concessions to State voluntarism. Their hermeneutics of human rights conventions take into account: autonomous sense of their terms, effet utile, and objective character of their obligations; their dynamic, evolutive, and teleological interpretation, and their collective guarantee. They give expression to a law of protection, victim-oriented, grounded on general principles of law and common superior values. The European Convention of Human Rights operates, like other regional systems, within the conceptual framework of the universality of human rights; it is not a ‘self-contained’ or ‘self-sufficient’ regime. Hence the importance of jurisprudential cross-fertilization, harmoniously reinforcing the corpus juris of protection as a whole, thus contributing to the historical process of humanization of international law.
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Albertson, Kevin, Mary Corcoran, and Jake Phillips, eds. Marketisation and Privatisation in Criminal Justice. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447345701.001.0001.
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Criminal justice used to be thought of as a field autonomous from politics and the economy, with the management of crime and punishment being seen as essentially the responsibility of government. However, in recent decades, policies have been adopted which blur the institutional boundaries and functions of the public sector with those of for-profit and civil society interests in many parts of the penal/welfare complex. The impact of these developments on society is contested: Proponents of the ‘neo-liberal penality thesis’ argue economic deregulation, welfare retrenchment, individualised choices – and associated responsibility – may be aligned by market forces into efficient delivery of ‘law and order’. Set against the neo-liberal penal position are arguments that the corporate sector may be no more efficient in delivering criminal justice services than is the public sector, and reliance on the profit motive to deliver criminal justice may lead to perverse incentivisation of NGOs or state agencies. It is to this debate we add our contribution. Criminal justice is an ideal sector in which to consider the implications arising from the differing incentive structures held by different institutions, both private and public, citizens, governments, social enterprise and the corporate sector. All agree on the need for criminal justice, even as they compete in the policy sphere to dictate its form and delivery.
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Ehlers, Dirk, and Henning Glaser, eds. State and Religion. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748923923.
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Since the beginnings of civilization, the religious has posed a central problem to the normative order of the political. The present volume illuminates this crucial relation in 21 chapters from different disciplinary perspectives including philosophy, theology, constitutional theory and law. Leading scholars are addressing conceptual questions as well as country-specific problems with regards to countries such as Croatia, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, the US, Mexico, China, India, Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan. One of the central themes in this volume are the ways by which the secular state envisions its relation to the religious between distance and entanglement, cooperation, independence, and conflict. With contributions by Rodrigo Vitorino Souza Alves (Federal University of Uberlandia), Slavica Banić (Novi Informator), Wojciech Brzozowski (University of Warsaw), Otto Depenheuer (University of Cologne), Dirk Ehlers (University of Münster), Robert Esser (University of Passau), Alessandro Ferrari (University of Usurbia), Silvio Ferrari (University of Milan), Karsten Fischer (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich), Andreas Follesdal (University of Oslo), Henning Glaser (Thammasat University), María Concepción Medina González (National Autonomous University of Mexico), Cheng-Tian Kuo (National Chengchi University), Bart Labuschagne (Leiden University), Andre Laliberte (University of Ottowa), René Pahud de Mortanges (University of Fribourg), Ronojoy Sen (National University of Singapore), Li-ann Thio (National University of Singapore), Javier Martínez-Torrón (Complutense University of Madrid), Johannes Zachhuber (University of Oxford) and Yijiang Zhong (University of Tokyo).