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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Autonomous robot system; Robots; Simulation'
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Vaughan, Richard. "Experiments in animal-interactive robotics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325617.
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Hosking, Matthew R. "Testability of a swarm robot using a system of systems approach and discrete event simulation /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11215.
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McNeal, William B. "Simulation of the autonomous combat systems robot optical detection system." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA342228.
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Thesis (M.S. in Applied Physics) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1997."December 1997." Thesis advisor(s): Gordon Schacher, Donald Brutzman. Includes bibliographical references (p. 131). Also available online.
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Kancir, Pierre. "Méthodologie de conception de système multi-robots : de la simulation à la démonstration." Thesis, Lorient, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORIS519/document.
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Méthodologie de Conception de Système Multi-robots : de la Simulation à la Démonstration. Les systèmes multi-robots sont des systèmes complexes mais prometteurs dans de nombreux domaines, les nombreux travaux académiques dans ce domaine attestent de l'importance qu'ils auront dans le futur. Cependant, si ces promesses sont réelles, elles ne sont pas encore réalisées comme en témoigne le faible nombre de systèmes multi-robots utilisés dans l'industrie. Pourtant des solutions existent afin de permettre aux industriels et académiques de travailler ensemble à cette problématique. Nous proposons un état de l'art et les défis associés à la conception des systèmes multi-robots d'un point de vue académique et industriel. Nous présentons ensuite trois contributions pour la conception de ces systèmes : une réalisation d'un essaim hétérogène en tant que cas d'étude pratique afin de mettre en évidence les obstacles de conception. La modification d'un autopilote et d'un simulateur pour les rendre compatibles aux développements des systèmes multi-robots. La démonstration d'un outil d'évaluation sur la base des deux contributions précédentes. Enfin, nous concluons sur la portée de ces travaux et des perspectives à venir sur la base de l'open sourceMulti-robot System Design Methodology : from Simulation to Demonstration Multi-robot systems are complex but promising systems in many fields, the number of academic works in this field underlines the importance they will have in the future. However, while these promises are real, they have not yet been realized, as evidenced by the small number of multi-robot systems used in the industry. However, solutions exist to enable industrialists and academics to work together on this issue. We propose a state of the art and challenges associated with the design of multi-robot systems from an academic and industrial point of view. We then present three contributions for the design of these systems: a realization of a heterogeneous swarm as a practical case study in order to highlight the design obstacles. The modification of an autopilot and a simulator to make them compatible with the development of multi-robot systems. Demonstration of an evaluation tool based on the two previous contributions. Finally, we conclude on the scope of this work and future perspectives based on open source
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Bhat, Sriharsha. "Hydrobatics: Efficient and Agile Underwater Robots." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Farkostteknik och Solidmekanik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-286062.
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The term hydrobatics refers to the agile maneuvering of underwater vehicles. Hydrobatic capabilities in autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) can enable increased maneuverability without a sacrifice in efficiency and speed. This means innovative robot designs and new use case scenarios are possible. Benefits and technical challenges related to hydrobatic AUVs are explored in this thesis. The dissertation contributes to new knowledge in simulation, control and field applications, and provides a structured approach to realize hydrobatic capabilities in real world impact areas. Three impact areas are considered - environmental monitoring, ocean production and security. A combination of agility in maneuvering and efficiency in performance is crucial for successful AUV applications. To achieve such performance, two technical challenges must be solved. First, these AUVs have fewer control inputs than degrees of freedom, which leads to the challenge of underactuation. The challenge is described in detail and solution strategies that use optimal control and model predictive control (MPC) are highlighted. Second, the flow around an AUV during hydrobatic maneuvers transitions from laminar to turbulent flow at high angles of attack. This renders flight dynamics modelling difficult. A full 0-360 degree envelope flight dynamics model is therefore derived, which combines a multi-fidelity hydrodynamic database with a generalized component-buildup approach. Such a model enables real-time (or near real-time) simulations of hydrobatic maneuvers including loops, helices and tight turns. Next, a cyber-physical system (CPS) is presented -- it safely transforms capabilities derived in simulation to real-world use cases in the impact areas described. The simulator environment is closely integrated with the robotic system, enabling pre-validation of controllers and software before hardware deployment. The small and hydrobatic SAM AUV (developed in-house at KTH as part of the Swedish Maritime Robotics Center) is used as a test platform. The CPS concept is validated by using the SAM AUV for the search and detection of a submerged target in field operating conditions. Current research focuses on further exploring underactuated control and motion planning. This includes development of real-time nonlinear MPC implementations running on AUV hardware, as well as intelligent control through feedback motion planning, system identification and reinforcement learning. Such strategies can enable real-time robust and adaptive control of underactuated systems. These ideas will be applied to demonstrate new capabilities in the three impact areas.Termen hydrobatik avser förmåga att utföra avancerade manövrer med undervattensfarkoster. Syftet är att, med bibehållen fart och räckvidd, utvigda den operationella förmågan i manövrering, vilket möjliggör helt nya användningsområden för maximering av kostnadseffektivitet. I denna avhandling undersöks fördelar och tekniska utmaningar relaterade till hydrobatik som tillämpas på undervattensrobotar, vanligen kallade autonoma undervattensfarkoster (AUV). Avhandlingen bidrar till ny kunskap i simulering, reglering samt tillämpning i experiment av dessa robotar genom en strukturerad metod för att realisera hydrobatisk förmåga i realistiska scenarier. Tre nyttoområden beaktas - miljöövervakning, havsproduktion och säkerhet. Inom dessa nyttoområden har ett antal scenarios identifierats där en kombination av smidighet i manövrerbarhet samt effektivitet i prestanda är avgörande för robotens förmåga att utföra sin uppgift. För att åstadkomma detta måste två viktiga tekniska utmaningar lösas. För det första har dessa AUVer färre styrytor/trustrar än frihetsgrader, vilket leder till utmaningen med underaktuering. Utmaningen beskrivs i detalj och lösningsstrategier som använder optimal kontroll och modellprediktiv kontroll belyses. För det andra är flödet runt en AUV som genomför hydrobatiska manövrar komplext med övergång från laminär till stark turbulent flöde vid höga anfallsvinklar. Detta gör flygdynamikmodellering svår. En full 0-360 graders flygdynamikmodell härleds därför, vilken kombinerar en multi-tillförlitlighets hydrodynamisk databas med en generaliserad strategi för komponentvis-superpositionering av laster. Detta möjliggör prediktering av hydrobatiska manövrar som t.ex. utförande av looping, roll, spiraler och väldigt snäva svängradier i realtids- eller nära realtids-simuleringar. I nästa steg presenteras ett cyber-fysikaliskt system (CPS) – där funktionalitet som härrör från simuleringar kan överföras till de verkliga användningsområdena på ett effektivt och säkert sätt. Simulatormiljön är nära integrerad i robot-miljön, vilket möjliggör förvalidering av reglerstrategier och mjukvara innan hårdvaruimplementering. En egenutvecklad hydrobatisk AUV (SAM) används som testplattform. CPS-konceptet valideras med hjälp av SAM i ett realistiskt sceanrio genom att utföra ett sökuppdrag av ett nedsänkt föremål under fältförhållanden. Resultaten av arbetet i denna licentiatavhandling kommer att användas i den fortsatta forskningen som fokuserar på att ytterligare undersöka och utveckla ny metodik för reglering av underaktuerade AUVer. Detta inkluderar utveckling av realtidskapabla ickelinjära MPC-implementeringar som körs ombord, samt AI-baserade reglerstrategier genom ruttplaneringsåterkoppling, autonom systemidentifiering och förstärkningsinlärning. Sådan utveckling kommer att tillämpas för att visa nya möjligheter inom de tre nyttoområdena.
SMaRC
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Sotiropoulos, Thierry. "Test aléatoire de la navigation de robots dans des mondes virtuels." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30097/document.
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Un des défis majeurs pour le déploiement de systèmes autonomes dans des environnements variés, non structurés et à proximité de l'homme, est d'établir la confiance entre ces systèmes et leurs utilisateurs. En effet, les fautes internes du système, les incertitudes sur la perception, ou encore les situations non prévues, sont des menaces importantes qui pèsent sur cette confiance. Nos travaux se concentrent sur les robots autonomes qui font partis des systèmes autonomes. La validation du logiciel de navigation embarqué dans les robots est généralement centrée sur des tests sur le terrain, qui sont coûteux et potentiellement risqués pour le robot lui-même ou son environnement. De plus, il n'est possible de tester le système que dans un sous-ensemble restreint de situations. Une approche alternative consiste à effectuer des tests basés sur la simulation en immergeant le logiciel dans des mondes virtuels. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier les possibilités et les limites qu'offre le test en simulation du logiciel embarqué dans les systèmes autonomes. Nos travaux traitent particulièrement du test en simulation de la couche de navigation de systèmes autonomes mobiles. Le premier chapitre présente les contextes de la sûreté de fonctionnement, des systèmes autonomes et de leur test, de la simulation et de la génération procédurale de mondes. Les problématiques liées au test des systèmes autonomes en simulation, telles que la définition et la génération des entrées ainsi que l'expression de l'oracle, sont identifiées et discutées. La génération procédurale de mondes utilisée dans les jeux vidéos est retenue comme piste pour répondre au problème de la générations des entrées de test (mondes et missions). Une première contribution est proposée dans le 2ème chapitre qui s'appuie sur la définition et l'implémentation d'une première plateforme expérimentale de test en simulation avec un robot mobile. Le logiciel de navigation utilisé est intégré dans le framework Genom et testé avec le simulateur MORSE. À travers cette expérimentation, des premières conclusions sont établies sur la pertinence de la génération procédurale de mondes, et sur l'oracle à considérer. Des mesures comme la tortuosité ou l'indéterminisme de la navigation sont définies. Ce premier travail mène également à proposer une approche permettant de définir des niveaux de difficulté de mondes. L'objectif du 3ème chapitre est d'identifier si les fautes connues et corrigées dans un logiciel de navigation auraient pu être détectées via la simulation. Près de 10 ans de commits du logiciel de navigation (dont le module P3D qui est une version académique d'un planificateur de trajectoire utilisé par la NASA) ont été ainsi analysés. Chaque faute relevée est étudiée pour déterminer si elle serait activable en simulation, et l'oracle nécessaire pour la détecter. De nombreuses recommandations sont extraites de cette étude, notamment sur les propriétés de l'oracle à mettre en place pour ce genre de système. Dans le quatrième chapitre, les enseignements tirés des deux chapitres précédents sont mis en œuvre dans une étude de cas d'un robot industriel. Le système considéré, fourni par notre partenaire industriel Naïo est celui du robot agricole bineur Oz. Les conclusions des chapitres précédents concernant la génération de monde et les oracles nécessaires sont validées par une campagne de test intensifs en simulationOne of the major challenges for the deployment of autonomous systems in diverse, unstructured and human shared environments, is the trust that can be placed in those systems. Indeed, internal faults in those systems, uncertainties on the perception, or even unforeseen situations, threat this confidence. Our work focus in autonomous robots, which are part of autonomous systems. The validation of the navigation software embedded in robots typically involves test campaigns in the field, which are expensive and potentially risky for the robot itself or its environment. These tests are able to test the system only in a small subset of situations. An alternative is to perform simulation-based testing, by immersing the software in virtual worlds. The aim of this thesis is to study the possibilities and limits offered by simulation-based testing of embedded software in autonomous systems. Our work deals particularly with simulation-based testing of the navigation layer of autonomous mobile robots. The first chapter introduce the contexts of dependability, autonomous systems and their testing, simulation and procedural generation of worlds. We identify and discuss the issues related to autonomous systems simulation-based testing, such as the definition and generation of inputs as well as the oracle. The procedural generation of worlds used in video games is retained as a way to answer the problem of the generation of test inputs (worlds and missions). A first contribution is presented in the second chapter, which is based on the definition and implementation of a first experimental simulation-based testing framework with a mobile robot. The navigation software used is integrated into the Genom framework and tested with the MORSE simulator. Through this experiment, first conclusions are drawn on the relevance of the procedural generation of worlds, and on the oracle to be considered. Measures such as tortuousness or indeterminism of navigation are defined. This first work also leads to propose an approach to define levels of difficulty of worlds. The purpose of the third chapter is to identify whether faults known and corrected in a academic navigation software could have been detected through simulation-based testing. Nearly 10 years of commits of the navigation software (including the P3D module which is an academic version of a trajectory planner used by NASA) were thus analyzed. Each fault detected is studied to determine the oracle necessary to detect it whether it could be activated in simulation. Many recommendations are extracted from this study, especially on the properties of the oracle to set up for this type of system. In the fourth chapter, lessons learned from the previous two chapters are implemented for the case of an industrial robot. The considered system, provided by our industrial partner Naïo is the agricultural robot Oz. The conclusions of the preceding chapters regarding the world generation and the oracles are validated by an intensive test campaign in simulation
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Mikhalsky, Maxim. "Efficient biomorphic vision for autonomous mobile robots." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16206/.
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Autonomy is the most enabling and the least developed robot capability. A mobile robot is autonomous if capable of independently attaining its objectives in unpredictable environment. This requires interaction with the environment by sensing, assessing, and responding to events. Such interaction has not been achieved. The core problem consists in limited understanding of robot autonomy and its aspects, and is exacerbated by the limited resources available in a small autonomous mobile robot such as energy, information, and space. This thesis describes an efficient biomorphic visual capability that can provide purposeful interaction with environment for a small autonomous mobile robot. The method used for achieving this capability comprises synthesis of an integral paradigm of a purposeful autonomous mobile robot, formulation of requirements for the visual capability, and development of efficient algorithmic and technological solutions. The paradigm is a product of analysis of fundamental aspects of the problem, and the insights found in inherently autonomous biological organisms. Based on this paradigm, analysis of the biological vision and the available technological basis, and the state-of-the-art in vision algorithms, the requirements were formulated for a biomorphic visual capability that provides the situation awareness capability for a small autonomous mobile robot. The developed visual capability is comprised of a sensory and processing architecture, an integral set of motion vision algorithms, and a method for visual ranging of still objects that is based on them. These vision algorithms provide motion detection, fixation, and tracking functionality with low latency and computational complexity. High temporal resolution of CMOS imagers is exploited for reducing the logical complexity of image analysis, and consequently the computational complexity of the algorithms. The structure of the developed algorithms conforms to the arithmetic and memory resources available in a system on a programmable chip (SoPC), which allows complete confinement of the high-bandwidth datapath within a SoPC device and therefore high-speed operation by design. The algorithms proved to be functional, which validates the developed visual capability. The experiments confirm that high temporal resolution imaging simplifies image motion structure, and ultimately the design of the robot vision system.
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Paul, André. "Design of an autonomous navigation system for a mobile robot." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99565.
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An autonomous navigational system for a mobile robot was developed based on a Laser-Range-Finder-based path planning and navigational algorithms. The system was enhanced by incorporating collision avoidance algorithms using data from a sonar sensor array, and further improved by establishing two virtual regions in front of the robot for obstacle detection and avoidance. Several virtual detector bands with varying dimensions were also added to the sides of the robot to check for rotational clearance safety and to determine the direction of rotation. The autonomous navigational system was tested extensively under indoor environment. Test results showed that the system performed satisfactorily in navigating the mobile robot in three structured mazes under indoor conditions.An artificial landmark localization algorithm was also developed to continuously record the positions of the robot whilst it was moving. The algorithm was tested on a grid layout of 6 m x 6 m. The performance of the artificial landmark localization technique was compared with odometric and inertial measurements obtained using a dead-reckoning method and a gyroscope-corrected dead-reckoning method. The artificial landmark localization method resulted in much smaller root mean square error (0.033 m) of position estimates compared to the other two methods (0.175 m and 0.135 m respectively).
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Salvaro, Mattia. "Virtual sensing technology applied to a swarm of autonomous robots." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8508/.
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This thesis proposes a novel technology in the field of swarm robotics that allows a swarm of robots to sense a virtual environment through virtual sensors. Virtual sensing is a desirable and helpful technology in swarm robotics research activity, because it allows the researchers to efficiently and quickly perform experiments otherwise more expensive and time consuming, or even impossible. In particular, we envision two useful applications for virtual sensing technology. On the one hand, it is possible to prototype and foresee the effects of a new sensor on a robot swarm, before producing it. On the other hand, thanks to this technology it is possible to study the behaviour of robots operating in environments that are not easily reproducible inside a lab for safety reasons or just because physically infeasible.
The use of virtual sensing technology for sensor prototyping aims to foresee the behaviour of the swarm enhanced with new or more powerful sensors, without producing the hardware. Sensor prototyping can be used
to tune a new sensor or perform performance comparison tests between alternative types of sensors. This kind of prototyping experiments can be performed through the presented tool, that allows to rapidly develop and
test software virtual sensors of different typologies and quality, emulating the behaviour of several hardware real sensors. By investigating on which sensors is better to invest, a researcher can minimize the sensors’ production cost while achieving a given swarm performance. Through augmented reality, it is possible to test the performance of the swarm in a desired virtual environment that cannot be set into the lab for physical, logistic or economical reasons. The virtual environment is sensed by the robots through properly designed virtual sensors. Virtual sensing technology allows a researcher to quickly carry out real robots experiment in challenging scenarios without all the required hardware and environment.
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Dag, Antymos. "Autonomous Indoor Navigation System for Mobile Robots." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129419.
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With an increasing need for greater traffic safety, there is an increasing demand for means by which solutions to the traffic safety problem can be studied. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the feasibility of using an autonomous indoor navigation system as a component in a demonstration system for studying cooperative vehicular scenarios. Our method involves developing and evaluating such a navigation system. Our navigation system uses a pre-existing localization system based on passive RFID, odometry and a particle filter. The localization system is used to estimate the robot pose, which is used to calculate a trajectory to the goal. A control system with a feedback loop is used to control the robot actuators and to drive the robot to the goal. The results of our evaluation tests show that the system generally fulfills the performance requirements stated for the tests. There is however some uncertainty about the consistency of its performance. Results did not indicate that this was caused by the choice of localization techniques. The conclusion is that an autonomous navigation system using the aforementioned localization techniques is plausible for use in a demonstration system. However, we suggest that the system is further tested and evaluated before it is used with applications where accuracy is prioritized.
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Hodo, David W. "Development of an autonomous mobile robot-trailer system for UXO detection." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/07M%20Theses/HODO_DAVID_59.pdf.
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Kaplan, Frédéric. "L'émergence d'un lexique dans une population d'agents autonomes." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066240.
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Altuntaş, Berrin. "A behavior based robot control system architecture for navigation environments with randomly allocated walls." Ankara : METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1097054/index.pdf.
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AL-Buraiki, Omar S. M. "Specialized Agents Task Allocation in Autonomous Multi-Robot Systems." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41504.
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With the promise to shape the future of industry, multi-agent robotic technologies have the potential to change many aspects of daily life. Over the coming decade, they are expected to impact transportation systems, military applications such as reconnaissance and surveillance, search-and-rescue operations, or space missions, as well as provide support to emergency first responders.
Motivated by the latest developments in the field of robotics, this thesis contributes to the evolution of the future generation of multi-agent robotic systems as they become smarter, more accurate, and diversified in terms of applications. But in order to achieve these goals, the individual agents forming cooperative robotic systems need to be specialized in what they can accomplish, while ensuring accuracy and preserving the ability to perform diverse tasks.
This thesis addresses the problem of task allocation in swarm robotics in the specific context where specialized capabilities of the individual agents are considered. Based on the assumption that each individual agent possesses specialized functional capabilities and that the expected tasks, which are distributed in the surrounding environment, impose specific requirements, the proposed task allocation mechanisms are formulated in two different spaces. First, a rudimentary form of the team members’ specialization is formulated as a cooperative control problem embedded in the agents’ dynamics control space. Second, an advanced formulation of agents’ specialization is defined to estimate the individual agents’ task allocation probabilities in a dedicated specialization space, which represents the core contribution of this thesis to the advancement and practice in the area of swarm robotics.
The original task allocation process formulated in the specialization space evolves through four stages of development. First, a task features recognition stage is conceptually introduced to leverage the output of a sensing layer embedded in robotic agents to drive the proposed task allocation scheme. Second, a matching scheme is developed to best match each agent’s specialized capabilities with the corresponding detected tasks. At this stage, a general binary definition of agents’ specialization serves as the basis for task-agent association. Third, the task-agent matching scheme is expanded to an innovative probabilistic specialty-based task-agent allocation framework to generalize the concept and exploit the potential of agents’ specialization consideration. Fourth, the general framework is further refined with a modulated definition of the agents’ specialization based on their mechanical, physical structure, and embedded resources. The original framework is extended and a prioritization layer is also introduced to improve the system’s response to complex tasks that are characterized based on the recognition of multiple classes.
Experimental validation of the proposed specialty-based task allocation approach is conducted in simulation and on real-world experiments, and the results are presented and discussed in light of potential applications to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework.
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Azarnasab, Ehsan. "Robot-in-the-loop simulation to support multi-robot system development a dynamic team formation example /." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04012007-142947/.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Xiaolin Hu, committee chair; Michael Weeks, Yanqing Zhang, committee members. Electronic text (108 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 20, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-108).
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Huang, Henry. "Bearing-only SLAM : a vision-based navigation system for autonomous robots." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/28599/.
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To navigate successfully in a previously unexplored environment, a mobile robot must be able to estimate the spatial relationships of the objects of interest accurately. A Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) sys- tem employs its sensors to build incrementally a map of its surroundings and to localize itself in the map simultaneously. The aim of this research project is to develop a SLAM system suitable for self propelled household lawnmowers. The proposed bearing-only SLAM system requires only an omnidirec- tional camera and some inexpensive landmarks. The main advantage of an omnidirectional camera is the panoramic view of all the landmarks in the scene. Placing landmarks in a lawn field to define the working domain is much easier and more flexible than installing the perimeter wire required by existing autonomous lawnmowers. The common approach of existing bearing-only SLAM methods relies on a motion model for predicting the robot’s pose and a sensor model for updating the pose. In the motion model, the error on the estimates of object positions is cumulated due mainly to the wheel slippage. Quantifying accu- rately the uncertainty of object positions is a fundamental requirement. In bearing-only SLAM, the Probability Density Function (PDF) of landmark position should be uniform along the observed bearing. Existing methods that approximate the PDF with a Gaussian estimation do not satisfy this uniformity requirement. This thesis introduces both geometric and proba- bilistic methods to address the above problems. The main novel contribu- tions of this thesis are: 1. A bearing-only SLAM method not requiring odometry. The proposed method relies solely on the sensor model (landmark bearings only) without relying on the motion model (odometry). The uncertainty of the estimated landmark positions depends on the vision error only, instead of the combination of both odometry and vision errors. 2. The transformation of the spatial uncertainty of objects. This thesis introduces a novel method for translating the spatial un- certainty of objects estimated from a moving frame attached to the robot into the global frame attached to the static landmarks in the environment. 3. The characterization of an improved PDF for representing landmark position in bearing-only SLAM. The proposed PDF is expressed in polar coordinates, and the marginal probability on range is constrained to be uniform. Compared to the PDF estimated from a mixture of Gaussians, the PDF developed here has far fewer parameters and can be easily adopted in a probabilistic framework, such as a particle filtering system. The main advantages of our proposed bearing-only SLAM system are its lower production cost and flexibility of use. The proposed system can be adopted in other domestic robots as well, such as vacuum cleaners or robotic toys when terrain is essentially 2D.
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Cowling, Michael, and n/a. "Non-Speech Environmental Sound Classification System for Autonomous Surveillance." Griffith University. School of Information Technology, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040428.152425.
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Sound is one of a human beings most important senses. After vision, it is the sense most used to gather information about the environment. Despite this, comparatively little research has been done into the field of sound recognition. The research that has been done mainly centres around the recognition of speech and music. Our auditory environment is made up of many sounds other than speech and music. This sound information can be taped into for the benefit of specific applications such as security systems. Currently, most researchers are ignoring this sound information. This thesis investigates techniques to recognise environmental non-speech sounds and their direction, with the purpose of using these techniques in an autonomous mobile surveillance robot. It also presents advanced methods to improve the accuracy and efficiency of these techniques. Initially, this report presents an extensive literature survey, looking at the few existing techniques for non-speech environmental sound recognition. This survey also, by necessity, investigates existing techniques used for sound recognition in speech and music. It also examines techniques used for direction detection of sounds. The techniques that have been identified are then comprehensively compared to determine the most appropriate techniques for non-speech sound recognition. A comprehensive comparison is performed using non-speech sounds and several runs are performed to ensure accuracy. These techniques are then ranked based on their effectiveness. The best technique is found to be either Continuous Wavelet Transform feature extraction with Dynamic Time Warping or Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients with Dynamic Time Warping. Both of these techniques achieve a 70% recognition rate. Once the best of the existing classification techniques is identified, the problem of uncountable sounds in the environment can be addressed. Unlike speech recognition, non-speech sound recognition requires recognition from a much wider library of sounds. Due to this near-infinite set of example sounds, the characteristics and complexity of non-speech sound recognition techniques increases. To address this problem, a systematic scheme needs to be developed for non-speech sound classification. Several different approaches are examined. Included is a new design for an environmental sound taxonomy based on an environmental sound alphabet. This taxonomy works over three levels and classifies sounds based on their physical characteristics. Its performance is compared with a technique that generates a structured tree automatically. These structured techniques are compared for different data sets and results are analysed. Comparable results are achieved for these techniques with the same data set as previously used. In addition, the results and greater information from these experiments is used to infer some information about the structure of environmental sounds in general. Finally, conclusions are drawn on both sets of techniques and areas of future research stemming from this thesis are explored.
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Hughes, Bradley Evan. "A Navigation Subsystem for an Autonomous Robot Lawn Mower." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1312391797.
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Durdu, Akif. "Robotic System Design For Reshaping Estimated Human Intention In Human-robot Interactions." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615150/index.pdf.
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This thesis outlines the methodology and experiments associated with the reshaping of human intention via based on the robot movements in Human-Robot Interactions (HRI). Although works on estimating human intentions are quite well known research areas in the literature, reshaping intentions through interactions is a new significant branching in the field of human-robot interaction. In this thesis, we analyze how previously estimated human intentions change based on his/her actions by cooperating with mobile robots in a real human-robot environment. Our approach uses the Observable Operator Models (OOMs) and Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) designed for the intelligent mobile robotic systems, which consists of two levels: the low-level tracks the human while the high-level guides the mobile robots into moves that aim to change intentions of individuals in the environment. In the low level, postures and locations of the human are monitored by applying image processing methods. The high level uses an algorithm which includes learned OOM models or HMM models to estimate human intention and decision making system to reshape the previously estimated human intention. Through this thesis, OOMs are started to be used at the human-robot interaction applications for first time. This two-level system is tested on video frames taken from a real human-robot environment. The results obtained using the proposed approaches are compared according to performance towards the degree of reshaping the detected intentions.
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Rajasingh, Joshua. "Lane Detection and Obstacle Avoidance in Mobile Robots." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1288980793.
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Azarnasab, Ehsan. "Robot-In-The-Loop Simulation to Support Multi-Robot System Development: A Dynamic Team Formation Example." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cs_theses/39.
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Modeling and simulation provides a powerful technology for engineers and managers to understand, design, and evaluate a system under development. Traditionally, simulation is only used in early stages of a system design. However, with the advances of hardware and software technology, it is now possible to extend simulation to late stages for supporting a full life cycle simulation-based development. Robot-in-the-loop simulation, where real robots work together with virtual ones, has been developed to support such a development process to bridge the gap between simulation and reality.
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Shkurti, Thomas E. "SIMULATION AND CONTROL ENHANCEMENTS FOR THE DA VINCI SURGICAL ROBOT™." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1548248373927953.
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Haberbusch, Matthew Gavin. "Autonomous Skills for Remote Robotic Assembly." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1588112797847939.
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Burtin, Gabriel Louis. "Stratégie de navigation sûre dans un environnement industriel partiellement connu en présence d’activité humaine." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV029.
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Dans ces travaux, nous proposons un système sûr pour la localisation de robot mobile en milieu intérieur structuré. Le principe repose sur l’utilisation de deux capteurs (lidar et caméra monoculaire) combinés astucieusement pour assurer une rapidité de calcul et une robustesse d’utilisation. En choisissant des capteurs reposant sur des principes physiques différents, les chances qu'ils se retrouvent simultanément perturbés sont minimes. L’algorithme de localisation doit être rapide et efficient tout en conservant la possibilité de fournir un mode dégradé dans éventualité où l’un des capteurs serait endommagé. Pour atteindre cet objectif de localisation rapide, nous optimisons le traitement des données à divers niveaux tels que la quantité de données à traiter ou l’optimisation algorithmique. Nous opérons une approximation polygonale des données du lidar 2D ainsi qu’une détection des segments verticaux dans l’image couleur. Le croisement de ces deux informations, à l’aide d’un filtre de Kalman étendu, nous donne alors une localisation fiable. En cas de perte du lidar, le filtre de Kalman peut toujours fonctionner et, en cas de perte de la caméra, le robot peut faire un recalage laser avec le lidar. Les données des deux capteurs peuvent également servir à d’autres objectifs. Les données lidar permettent d’identifier les portes (points de collision potentiels avec des humains), les données caméra peuvent permettre la détection et le suivi des piétons. Les travaux ont été majoritairement menés et validés avec un simulateur robotique avancé (4DV-Sim) puis ont été confirmés par des expériences réelles. Cette méthodologie permet à la fois de développer nos travaux et de valider et améliorer le caractère fonctionnel de cet outil de robotiqueIn this work, we propose a safe system for robot navigation in an indoor and structured environment. The main idea is the use of two combined sensors (lidar and monocular camera) to ensure fast computation and robustness. The choice of these sensors is based on the physic principles behind their measures. They are less likely to go blind with the same disturbance. The localization algorithm is fast and efficient while keeping in mind the possibility of a downgraded mode in case of the failure of one sensor. To reach this objective, we optimized the data processing at different levels. We applied a polygonal approximation to the 2D lidar data and a vertical contour detection to the colour image. The fusion of these data in an extended Kalman filter provides a reliable localization system. In case of a lidar failure, the Kalman filter still works, in case of a camera failure the robot can rely upon a lidar scan matching. Data provided by these sensors can also deserve other purposes. The lidar provides us the localization of doors, potential location for encounter with humans. The camera can help to detect and track humans. This work has been done and validated using an advanced robotic simulator (4DV-Sim), then confirmed with real experiments. This methodology allowed us to both develop our ideas and confirm the usefulness of this robotic tool
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Mouad, Mehdi. "Architecture de COntrôle/COmmande dédiée aux systèmes Distribués Autonomes (ACO²DA) : application à une plate-forme multi-véhicules." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22437/document.
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La complexité associée à la coordination d’un groupe de robots mobiles est traitée dans cette thèse en investiguant plus avant les potentialités des architectures de commande multi-contrôleurs dont le but est de briser la complexité des tâches à exécuter. En effet, les robots mobiles peuvent évoluer dans des environnements très complexes et nécessitent de surcroît une coopération précise et sécurisée pouvant rapidement devenir inextricable. Ainsi, pour maîtriser cette complexité, le contrôleur dédié à la réalisation d’une tâche est décomposé en un ensemble de comportements/contrôleurs élémentaires (évitement d’obstacles et de collision entre les robots, attraction vers une cible, planification, etc.) qui lient les informations capteurs (provenant des capteurs locaux du robot, etc.) aux actionneurs des différentes entités robotiques. La tâche considérée dans cette thèse correspond à la navigation d’un groupe de robots mobiles dans des environnements peu ou pas connus en présence d’obstacles (statiques et dynamiques). La spécificité de l’approche théorique consiste à allier les avantages des architectures multi-contrôleurs à ceux des systèmes multi-agents et spécialement les modèles organisationnels afin d’apporter un haut niveau de coordination entre les agents/robots mobiles. Le groupe de robots mobiles est alors coordonné suivant les différentes normes et spécifications du modèle organisationnel. Ainsi, l’activation d’un comportement élémentaire en faveur d’un autre se fait en respectant les contraintes structurelles des robots en vue d’assurer le maximum de précision et de sécurité des mouvements coordonnés entre les différentes entités mobiles. La coopération se fait à travers un agent superviseur (centralisé) de façon à atteindre plus rapidement la destination désirée, les événements inattendus sont gérés quant à eux individuellement par les agents/robots mobiles de façon distribuée. L’élaboration du simulateur ROBOTOPIA nous a permis d’illustrer chacune des contributions de la thèse par un nombre important de simulationsThe difficulty of coordinating a group of mobile robots is adressed in this thesis by investigating control architectures which aim to break task complexity. In fact, multi-robot navigation may become rapidly inextricable, specifically if it is made in hazardous and dynamical environment requiring precise and secure cooperation. The considered task is the navigation of a group of mobile robots in unknown environments in presence of (static and dynamic) obstacles. To overcome its complexity, it is proposed to divide the overall task into a set of basic behaviors/controllers (obstacle avoidance, attraction to a dynamical target, planning, etc.). Applied control is chosen among these controllers according to sensors information (camera, local sensors, etc.). The specificity of the theoretical approach is to combine the benefits of multi-controller control architectures to those of multi-agent organizational models to provide a high level of coordination between mobile agents-robots systems. The group of mobile robots is then coordinated according to different norms and specifications of the organizational model. Thus, activating a basic behavior in favor of another is done in accordance with the structural constraints of the robots in order to ensure maximum safety and precision of the coordinated movements between robots. Cooperation takes place through a supervisor agent (centralized) to reach the desired destination faster ; unexpected events are individually managed by the mobile agents/robots in a distributed way. To guarantee performance criteria of the control architecture, hybrid systems tolerating the control of continuous systems in presence of discrete events are explored. In fact, this control allows coordinating (by discrete part) the different behaviors (continuous part) of the architecture. The development of ROBOTOPIA simulator allowed us to illustrate each contribution by many results of simulations
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Mouaddib, El Mustapha. "Programmation, génération de trajectoires et recalages pour le Robot Mobile Autonome SARAH." Amiens, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AMIES003.
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Nous présentons dans cette thèse les résultats des travaux ayant été effectués dans le cadre du programme de recherche pour l'étude et la réalisation d'un système robotique complet et cohérent. Ce système est constitué d'un poste de travail et du robot mobile autonome SARAH. Le premier réalise les fonctionnalités de: cartographie, programmation des missions à confier au robot, calcul des virages, simulation. Le second est un support ayant permis la validation des algorithmes de calcul de trajectoires et de recalages. Le robot a également été équipé d'un contrôleur d'exécution minimal lui permettant la gestion de ses ressources et de veiller à la bonne exécution des missions. Cette autonomie lui assure la capacité de travailler dans des univers multiples et différents
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Mahdoui, Chedly Nesrine. "Communicating multi-UAV system for cooperative SLAM-based exploration." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2447/document.
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Dans la communauté robotique aérienne, un croissant intérêt pour les systèmes multirobot (SMR) est apparu ces dernières années. Cela a été motivé par i) les progrès technologiques, tels que de meilleures capacités de traitement à bord des robots et des performances de communication plus élevées, et ii) les résultats prometteurs du déploiement de SMR tels que l’augmentation de la zone de couverture en un minimum de temps. Le développement d’une flotte de véhicules aériens sans pilote (UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) et de véhicules aériens de petite taille (MAV: Micro Aerial Vehicle) a ouvert la voie à de nouvelles applications à grande échelle nécessitant les caractéristiques de tel système de systèmes dans des domaines tels que la sécurité, la surveillance des catastrophes et des inondations, la recherche et le sauvetage, l’inspection des infrastructures, et ainsi de suite. De telles applications nécessitent que les robots identifient leur environnement et se localisent. Ces tâches fondamentales peuvent être assurées par la mission d’exploration. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse aborde l’exploration coopérative d’un environnement inconnu en utilisant une équipe de drones avec vision intégrée. Nous avons proposé un système multi-robot où le but est de choisir des régions spécifiques de l’environnement à explorer et à cartographier simultanément par chaque robot de manière optimisée, afin de réduire le temps d’exploration et, par conséquent, la consommation d’énergie. Chaque UAV est capable d’effectuer une localisation et une cartographie simultanées (SLAM: Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) à l’aide d’un capteur visuel comme principale modalité de perception. Pour explorer les régions inconnues, les cibles – choisies parmi les points frontières situés entre les zones libres et les zones inconnues – sont assignées aux robots en considérant un compromis entre l’exploration rapide et l’obtention d’une carte détaillée. À des fins de prise de décision, les UAVs échangent habituellement une copie de leur carte locale, mais la nouveauté dans ce travail est d’échanger les points frontières de cette carte, ce qui permet d’économiser la bande passante de communication. L’un des points les plus difficiles du SMR est la communication inter-robot. Nous étudions cette partie sous les aspects topologiques et typologiques. Nous proposons également des stratégies pour faire face à l’abandon ou à l’échec de la communication. Des validations basées sur des simulations étendues et des bancs d’essai sont présentéesIn the aerial robotic community, a growing interest for Multi-Robot Systems (MRS) appeared in the last years. This is thanks to i) the technological advances, such as better onboard processing capabilities and higher communication performances, and ii) the promising results of MRS deployment, such as increased area coverage in minimum time. The development of highly efficient and affordable fleet of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) of small size has paved the way to new large-scale applications, that demand such System of Systems (SoS) features in areas like security, disaster surveillance, inundation monitoring, search and rescue, infrastructure inspection, and so on. Such applications require the robots to identify their environment and localize themselves. These fundamental tasks can be ensured by the exploration mission. In this context, this thesis addresses the cooperative exploration of an unknown environment sensed by a team of UAVs with embedded vision. We propose a multi-robot framework where the key problem is to cooperatively choose specific regions of the environment to be simultaneously explored and mapped by each robot in an optimized manner in order to reduce exploration time and, consequently, energy consumption. Each UAV is able to performSimultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) with a visual sensor as the main input sensor. To explore the unknown regions, the targets – selected from the computed frontier points lying between free and unknown areas – are assigned to robots by considering a trade-off between fast exploration and getting detailed grid maps. For the sake of decision making, UAVs usually exchange a copy of their local map; however, the novelty in this work is to exchange map frontier points instead, which allow to save communication bandwidth. One of the most challenging points in MRS is the inter-robot communication. We study this part in both topological and typological aspects. We also propose some strategies to cope with communication drop-out or failure. Validations based on extensive simulations and testbeds are presented
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Pehrsson, Andreas. "Industry 4.0 : Impact on Manufacturing Strategies and Performance." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97129.
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The fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, is based on digital industrial technology developments. The purpose of Industry 4.0 is to transform industrial manufacturing through digitalization and new technologies. The introduction of Industry 4.0 has led companies to consider digitalization as essential for company strategies. For decades, companies have aspired to increase performance by using advanced production practices, such as different operation methods and advanced manufacturing technologies. The intention of introducing these practices is to advance companies towards high performance by implementing advanced techniques. One way of utilizing the potential of new technologies is by an adoption of the concept Industry 4.0. This research studies the impact of Industry 4.0 on companies current manufacturing strategies and operational performance. The study is carried out by conducting case studies on two companies with connections to the concept of Industry 4.0 and implementations of Industry 4.0 technologies such as big data, Internet of things, the Cloud concepts, simulations, and autonomous robots. Through theoretical and comparative analysis and discussion, the study found that an adoption to Industry 4.0 as a concept is a long and stepwise process. Successful Industry 4.0 adaption requires integration of Industry 4.0 with current manufacturing strategies. Implementation of certain Industry 4.0 technologies can have an impact on operational performance if these are integrated with advancements of manufacturing practices. The practices of manufacturing strategies are significantly associated with operational performance. In other cases, the impact of implementing new technologies linger, and is not directly noticeable. With this in consideration, the value of these new technologies should not be limited to operational measurements such as financial measures.
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Jin, Zhe Kun. "Système multi-agents appliqué à la navigation d'un robot mobile dans un environnement inconnu." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DENS0008.
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Cette thèse présente une étude sur la navigation d'un robot mobile dans un environnement inconnu. Nous avons débuté ce travail par un état de l'art. Par l'analyse des architectures de commande, notre choix s'est porte sur l'architecture de commande réactive base sur un système multi-agents en raison de sa flexibilité et des diverses possibilités d'évolution. Nous avons place ce travail dans le projet de robot mobile Amara (architecture multi-agents pour un robot autonome), le système de commande multi-agents est lui-même un agent de navigation dans l'ensemble du système de commande Amara. Dans le système de commande multi-agents développé, chaque agent représente un des comportements élémentaires du robot. Le comportement du robot mobile est le comportement émergé de ses comportements élémentaires. Nous avons implémenté les agents de comportement élémentaire en utilisant les données sur l'environnement délivrées par un télémètre laser panoramique. L'intégration des agents au sein du système se fait par le moyen du champ potentiel dérivé. Chaque agent fournit un gradient partiel du champ potentiel. Le gradient global est la somme pondérée de tous les gradients partiels. Un logiciel de simulation smasim (système multi-agents simulateur) sous Windows a été développé pour visualiser le comportement du robot et pour valider le choix du système. Nous l'avons utilise pour étudier le comportement du système de commande multi-agents en simulation
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Ben-Tzvi, Pinhas. "Hybrid Mobile Robot System: Interchanging Locomotion and Manipulation." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/11181.
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This thesis presents a novel design paradigm of mobile robots: the Hybrid Mobile Robot system. It consists of a combination of parallel and serially connected links resulting in a hybrid mechanism that includes a mobile robot platform for locomotion and a manipulator arm for manipulation, both interchangeable functionally.
All state-of-the-art mobile robots have a separate manipulator arm module attached on top of the mobile platform. The platform provides mobility and the arm provides manipulation. Unlike them, the new design has the ability to interchangeably provide locomotion and manipulation capability, both simultaneously. This was accomplished by integrating the locomotion platform and the manipulator arm as one entity rather than two separate and attached modules. The manipulator arm can be used as part of the locomotion platform and vice versa. This paradigm significantly enhances functionality.
The new mechanical design was analyzed with a virtual prototype that was developed with MSC Adams Software. Simulations were used to study the robot’s enhanced mobility through animations of challenging tasks. Moreover, the simulations were used to select nominal robot parameters that would maximize the arm’s payload capacity, and provide for locomotion over unstructured terrains and obstacles, such as stairs, ditches and ramps.
The hybrid mobile robot also includes a new control architecture based on embedded on-board wireless communication network between the robot’s links and modules such as the actuators and sensors. This results in a modular control architecture since no cable connections are used between the actuators and sensors in each of the robot links. This approach increases the functionality of the mobile robot also by providing continuous rotation of each link constituting the robot.
The hybrid mobile robot’s novel locomotion and manipulation capabilities were successfully experimented using a complete physical prototype. The experiments provided test results that support the hypothesis on the qualitative and quantitative performance of the mobile robot in terms of its superior mobility, manipulation, dexterity, and ability to perform very challenging tasks. The robot was tested on an obstacle course consisting of various test rigs including man–made and natural obstructions that represent the natural environments the robot is expected to operate on.
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Lakkad, Shailesh Hollis Patrick. "Modeling and simulation of steering systems for autonomous vehicles." 2004. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04112004-101215.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2004.Advisor: Dr. Patrick Hollis, Florida State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 18, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.
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"Coordinated Navigation and Localization of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Using an Autonomous Surface Vehicle in the OpenUAV Simulation Framework." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.62789.
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abstract: The need for incorporating game engines into robotics tools becomes increasingly crucial as their graphics continue to become more photorealistic. This thesis presents a simulation framework, referred to as OpenUAV, that addresses cloud simulation and photorealism challenges in academic and research goals. In this work, OpenUAV is used to create a simulation of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) closely following a moving autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) in an underwater coral reef environment. It incorporates the Unity3D game engine and the robotics software Gazebo to take advantage of Unity3D's perception and Gazebo's physics simulation. The software is developed as a containerized solution that is deployable on cloud and on-premise systems.
This method of utilizing Gazebo's physics and Unity3D perception is evaluated for a team of marine vehicles (an AUV and an ASV) in a coral reef environment. A coordinated navigation and localization module is presented that allows the AUV to follow the path of the ASV. A fiducial marker underneath the ASV facilitates pose estimation of the AUV, and the pose estimates are filtered using the known dynamical system model of both vehicles for better localization. This thesis also investigates different fiducial markers and their detection rates in this Unity3D underwater environment. The limitations and capabilities of this Unity3D perception and Gazebo physics approach are examined.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Computer Science 2020
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Jen, Hui-Chiao. "The Application of discrete-event simulation for demining strategy evaluation." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10106/920.
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Hur, Jaeho 1965. "Multi-robot system control using artificial immune system." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3574.
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For the successful deployment of task-achieving multi-robot systems (MRS), the interactions must be coordinated among the robots within the MRS and between the robots and the task environment. There have been a number of impressive experimentally demonstrated coordinated MRS. However it is still of a premature stage for real world applications. This dissertation presents an MRS control scheme using Artificial Immune Systems (AIS). This methodology is firmly grounded in the biological sciences and provides robust performance for the intertwined entities involved in any task-achieving MRS. Based on its formal foundation, it provides a platform to characterize interesting relationships and dependencies among MRS task requirements, individual robot control, capabilities, and the resulting task performance. The work presented in this dissertation is a first of its kind wherein the principles of AIS have been used to model and organize the group behavior of the MRS. This has been presented in the form of a novel algorithm. In addition to the above, generic environments for computer simulation and real experiment have been realized to demonstrate the working of an MRS. These could potentially be used as a test bed to implement other algorithms onto the MRS. The experiment in this research is a bomb disposal task which involves a team of three heterogeneous robots with different sensors and actuators. And the algorithm has been tested practically through computer simulations.
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Sheng, Xiang. "Mechanical design and simulation studies of a quadruped robot motion control system." Thesis, 2018. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9178.
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This thesis focuses on mechanical design and simulation studies of a quadruped robot motion control system, targeting at designing an autonomous legged robot. The designed quadruped robot with ``X"-configuration is developed for traversing rocky and sloped terrain with a static walking gait.
The mechanical design of the quadruped robot is illustrated in Chapter 2, including the main body design, leg design and component selection. In the design process, appropriate mechanical structures are utilized to minimize the energy consumption. To improve energy efficiency, a set of principles is proposed. Corresponding implementations are also concretely introduced in this chapter. In addition, to simplify the mechanical structure of the quadruped robot, the mass is symmetrically distributed about the frontal and lateral planes. To improve the leg agility, the leg mass is minimized. On the one hand, the lightweight design is implemented by optimizing the mass distribution of the leg mechanism. On the other hand, the key components are assembled in the body part instead of the legs as many as possible. A sufficient leg length is also selected not only to allow the robot to step on or over obstacles, but also to avoid the leg getting caught by objects. Particularly, the leg structure is demonstrated, including the hip joint, thigh part, knee joint and limb part with a telescoping joint. When the robot sustains extensive payload, the deformed shape in joints may lead to structural failures, thereby influencing the quadrupedal locomotion. Finite element analysis (FEA) is performed when designing the structural components in reasonable structures. The design processes of the shoulder part and brass rod are demonstrated as examples. Based on the setup of loads and fixtures, the maximum deformed shape of these structural components are analyzed. From FEA simulation results, the yield strength is two orders of magnitude larger than the maximum of von Mises stress. Hence, these components are suitable to be incorporated in the quadruped robot.
Based on the designed mechanical structure, simulation studies of the quadruped robot motion control system are analyzed in Chapter 3, including the modeling for a robotic leg and animated simulation. Since the quadrupedal locomotion is executed by manipulating the postures of four legs, the leg model is significant to the motion control system, thereby being analyzed mathematically. Two links kinematic conversion is implemented between the foot-end trajectory and joint angles. The dynamic model of the leg is also computed to discovery the relationship between the actuating torques and joint angles. To animate the quadrupedal locomotion, a CAD robot model is converted into MATLAB. Following the predefined footfall pattern, four legs move in sequence to execute the creeping gait. The segment of the desired trajectory of the foot-end fits a fifth order polynomial and does not include the set of singular configurations. Then, the PD control is utilized to adjust the leg posture to track the desired path. Furthermore, the actual joint angles are calculated in the MATLAB/SimMechanics quadruped robot by using Euler-Lagrange equations. Lastly, simulation results are presented to analyze the tracking performance in the joint angles and foot-ends.
Finally, conclusions of the thesis are summarized, and future work is presented in
Chapter 4.Graduate
2019-03-07
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Agunbiade, Olusanya Yinka. "Road region detection system using filters and concurrency technique." 2014. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001932.
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M. Tech. Computer System EngineeringAutonomous robots are extensively used equipment in industries and in our daily lives; they assist in manufacturing and production but are used for exploration in dangerous or unknown environments. However for a successful exploration, manufacturing and production, navigation plays an important role. Road detection is a vital factor that assists autonomous robots in perfect navigation. Different methods using camera-vision technique have been developed by various researchers with outstanding results, but their systems are still vulnerable to environmental risks. The frequent weather change in various countries such as South Africa, Nigeria and Zimbabwe where shadow, light intensity and other environmental noises occur on daily basis, can cause autonomous robot to encounter failure in navigation. Therefore, the main research question is: How to enhance the road region detection system to enable an effective and efficient maneuvering of the robot in any weather condition.
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Yesmunt, Garrett Scot. "Design, analysis, and simulation of a humanoid robotic arm applied to catching." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5610.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)There have been many endeavors to design humanoid robots that have human characteristics such as dexterity, autonomy and intelligence. Humanoid robots are intended to cooperate with humans and perform useful work that humans can perform. The main advantage of humanoid robots over other machines is that they are flexible and multi-purpose. In this thesis, a human-like robotic arm is designed and used in a task which is typically performed by humans, namely, catching a ball. The robotic arm was designed to closely resemble a human arm, based on anthropometric studies. A rigid multibody dynamics software was used to create a virtual model of the robotic arm, perform experiments, and collect data. The inverse kinematics of the robotic arm was solved using a Newton-Raphson numerical method with a numerically calculated Jacobian. The system was validated by testing its ability to find a kinematic solution for the catch position and successfully catch the ball within the robot's workspace. The tests were conducted by throwing the ball such that its path intersects different target points within the robot's workspace. The method used for determining the catch location consists of finding the intersection of the ball's trajectory with a virtual catch plane. The hand orientation was set so that the normal vector to the palm of the hand is parallel to the trajectory of the ball at the intersection point and a vector perpendicular to this normal vector remains in a constant orientation during the catch. It was found that this catch orientation approach was reliable within a 0.35 x 0.4 meter window in the robot's workspace. For all tests within this window, the robotic arm successfully caught and dropped the ball in a bin. Also, for the tests within this window, the maximum position and orientation (Euler angle) tracking errors were 13.6 mm and 4.3 degrees, respectively. The average position and orientation tracking errors were 3.5 mm and 0.3 degrees, respectively. The work presented in this study can be applied to humanoid robots in industrial assembly lines and hazardous environment recovery tasks, amongst other applications.