Journal articles: 'Autonomous Retail'

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ZAVEDEEV, Egor V., and Anar A. ALYAROV. "Current status and prospects for the development of the retailing sector of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 20, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): 2263–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.20.12.2263.

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Subject. This article analyzes the potential for the development of small and medium-sized businesses and discusses the issues of diversification of the economy of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the role of retail trade in the development of the consumer sector of the economy of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. Methods. For the study, we used a statistical analysis. Results. The article presents worst-case and priority scenarios for the development of the retail trade system of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra and offers a mix of State and municipal support measures for the consumer sector. Conclusions. The retail sector can become an economic growth area of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, if adequate measures of State and municipal support are implemented, including through multiplicative effects.

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Chen, Sheng-Chi, and Shari S. C. Shang. "Sustaining User Experience in a Smart System in the Retail Industry." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (May 1, 2021): 5090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095090.

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Retail enterprises are embracing new technologies to provide innovative services to customers and engage them. Unmanned retail stores offer a completely new seamless shopping experience for customers. Moreover, artificial intelligence (AI) technology and sophisticated customer behavior should be explored in depth to develop a smart system to serve customers. This study focused on achieving a sustainable user experience with a smart system installed in an autonomous store. The development of core functions and a rule-based knowledge set are regarded as the most important tasks in designing autonomous services. In the case study, the core functions were developed on the basis of the design science concept and the rule-based knowledge set was constructed using the action research approach. The developed smart system was optimized to understand in-store customer behavior by continuously observing and refining the user experience. The practical experience of this study provides insights into AI technology use in retailing and can guide enterprises in developing smart systems.

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Morenza-Cinos, Marc, Victor Casamayor-Pujol, and Rafael Pous. "Stock visibility for retail using an RFID robot." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 49, no. 10 (December 10, 2019): 1020–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-03-2018-0151.

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Purpose The combination of the latest advancements in information and communication technologies with the latest developments in AutoID technologies, especially radio frequency identification (RFID), brings the possibility of high-resolution, item-level visibility of the entire supply chain. In the particular case of retail, visibility of both the stock count and item location in the shop floor is crucial not only for an effective management of the retail supply chain but also for physical retail stores to compete with online retailers. The purpose of this paper is to propose an autonomous robot that can perform stock-taking using RFID for item-level identification much more accurately and efficiently than the traditional method of using human operators with RFID handheld readers. Design/methodology/approach This work follows the design science research methodology. The paper highlights a required improvement for an RFID inventory robot. The design hypothesis leads to a novel algorithm. Then the cycle of development and evaluation is iterated several times. Finally, conclusions are derived and a new basis for further development is provided. Findings An autonomous robot for stock-taking is proven feasible. By applying a proper navigation strategy, coupled to the stream of identifications, the accuracy, precision, consistency and time to complete stock-taking are significantly better than doing the same task manually. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of this work is the unavailability of data to analyze the actual impact on the correction of inventory record inaccuracy and its subsequent implications for the supply chain management. Nonetheless, it is shown that figures of actual stock-tacking procedures can be significantly improved. Originality/value This paper discloses the potential of deploying an inventory robot in the supply chain. The robot is called to be a key source of inventory data conforming supply chain management 4.0 and omnichannel retail.

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Ketter, Wolfgang, Markus Peters, and John Collins. "Autonomous Agents in Future Energy Markets: The 2012 Power Trading Agent Competition." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 27, no. 1 (June 29, 2013): 1298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v27i1.8479.

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Sustainable energy systems of the future will need more than efficient, clean, and low-cost energy sources. They will also need efficient price signals that motivate sustainable energy consumption behaviors and a tight real-time alignment of energy demand with supply from renewable and traditional sources. The Power Trading Agent Competition (Power TAC) is a rich, competitive, open-source simulation platform for future retail power markets built on real-world data and state-of-the-art customer models. Its purpose is to help researchers understand the dynamics of customer and retailer decision-making as well as the robustness of proposed market designs. Power TAC invites researchers to develop autonomous electricity broker agents and to pit them against best-in-class strategies in global competitions, the first of which will be held at AAAI 2013. Power TAC competitions provide compelling, actionable information for policy makers and industry leaders. We describe the competition scenario, demonstrate the realism of the Power TAC platform, and analyze key characteristics of successful brokers in one of our 2012 pilot competitions between seven research groups from five different countries.

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V, Cherviakova. "DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF CAR DEALERSHIP BUSINESS IN CONDITIONS OF THE CRISIS CAUSED BY COVID-19." National Transport University Bulletin 49, no. 2 (2021): 198–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2021-2-49-198-214.

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The article is devoted to the study of the process of formation of the car retail strategy in the conditions of digital transformation and challenges caused by COVID-19. Object of study - digital transformation of car dealership business in conditions of COVID-19. Purpose - to investigate the process of car retail strategy formation in conditions of digital transformation and challenges caused by COVID-19. Methods of research - analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization, graphic. The article examines how the change in consumer preferences, digitalization, and ACES trends (autonomous driving, connectivity, the electrification of vehicles, and shared mobility) cause the transformation of car retail. The current situation with COVID-19 is accelerating the introduction of digital car purchase models and the development of online sales channels. The essence of modern trends of the car retail market and their consequences for car manufacturers, dealers, and clients have been analyzed. Five archetypes of future retail strategies in the automotive market have been identified, with their characteristics, prerequisites, and implications for automakers, dealers, and customers. The state and prospects of the automotive market of Ukraine have been investigated. It was concluded that the role of official dealerships in vehicle trade, maintenance, and repair will gradually decrease. A number of measures were proposed to ensure the survival of dealerships in Ukraine. KEY WORDS: DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION, DIGITALIZATION. CAR DEALERSHIP BUSINESS, RETAIL STRATEGY, BUSINESS MODEL, COVID-19.

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Brown, Alan S. "The Proving Grounds." Mechanical Engineering 139, no. 07 (July 1, 2017): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2017-jul-1.

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This article focuses on the emerging supply chain of hardware, software, and engineers transforming warehouses to test bed of innovation for autonomous robots. Although warehouses are controlled environments, they are filled with changing obstacles, traffic, and unexpected surprises. Warehouses used to be the hub of a relatively simple logistics operation. They received and stored pallets of identical goods from manufacturers and importers, and then sent boxes via a conveyor belt or cart to trucks destined for retail outlets. Bruce Welty and his partner have built a world-class e-commerce fulfillment facility, Quiet Logistics, by deploying robots sold by Kiva Systems. The next-generation robots have master control systems to optimize their movements, as do the Kiva robots. However, these new robots are designed to collaborate with human workers rather than banishing them from the aisles, which means the robots must move briskly across the warehouse floor while avoiding people, forklifts, pallets, and boxes. Economics make warehouses a great proving ground for autonomous robots.

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Harmon, Mark, Murray Ellender, and Richard Draper. "Innovative new ways of consulting." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 11, no. 9 (August 3, 2018): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738018782552.

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In the near future, autonomous cars will allow us to drive without driving, virtual reality will allow us to feel without touching, and genomics will pick up life-threatening diseases before they even begin. It is inevitable that the challenges of widespread access to good healthcare will involve digital solutions in line with a digital revolution in the banking and retail sectors. The NHS GP Forward View promotes and encourages general practice to innovate and explore new technology, applications and ways of working. This article considers the development of innovative new ways of consulting and the potential advantages and challenges of adopting new technology.

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Chebotareva, G. S., and A. A. Dvinayninov. "An Economic Alternative to Replacing Centralized Gas Supply with Autonomous Biogas Facilities in Russian Cities." Journal of Applied Economic Research 20, no. 3 (2021): 582–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.3.023.

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The main trend in energy development is to increase energy efficiency by reducing the use of limited natural resources, the spread of renewable energy, and reducing the negative impact on the environment. An effective response to these challenges is the use of biogas plants that produce clean energy and solve the environmental problems of waste disposal and recycling. The purpose of the article is to assess the economic efficiency of replacing district gas supply with autonomous biogas plants in public utilities. A hypothesis has been put forward that the feasibility of using such technologies depends on climatic features and the specific provisions of state regulation of prices and gas consumption rates. A cost approach was applied that assesses the overall structure of equipment costs, as well as a comparative assessment method according to the principle “with / without a biogas plant”, and a scenario analysis, the criterion of which is the size of the family owning the plant. An auxiliary method for forecasting retail and economically justified prices for natural gas for the population was used. The object of calculations is the “HomeBiogas” installation intended for home use. Three Russian cities were chosen as territorial subjects: Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk and Krasnodar. The cities which differ significantly in their natural characteristics and approaches to the formation of retail gas prices. It has been proved that although the average monthly temperatures differ significantly in the cities considered, none of them has a constant temperature exceeding the required standard value of 17°C. In each case, the initial capital investment is driven up by the cost of installing additional insulation and heating systems. This equalizes the costs of warmer and colder areas. Therefore, the climatic features of cities are not significant and do not affect the economic efficiency of using a biogas plant. In turn, state regulation of prices and norms of gas consumption by the population is of decisive importance. The findings are of theoretical and practical importance. The methodology can be applied to assess the efficiency of using biogas plants in industry and gasification projects in the remote areas of Russia.

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Dworakowski, Daniel, Christopher Thompson, Michael Pham-Hung, and Goldie Nejat. "A Robot Architecture Using ContextSLAM to Find Products in Unknown Crowded Retail Environments." Robotics 10, no. 4 (September 26, 2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics10040110.

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Grocery shoppers must negotiate cluttered, crowded, and complex store layouts containing a vast variety of products to make their intended purchases. This complexity may prevent even experienced shoppers from finding their grocery items, consuming a lot of their time and resulting in monetary loss for the store. To address these issues, we present a generic grocery robot architecture for the autonomous search and localization of products in crowded dynamic unknown grocery store environments using a unique context Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (contextSLAM) method. The contextSLAM method uniquely creates contextually rich maps through the online fusion of optical character recognition and occupancy grid information to locate products and aid in robot localization in an environment. The novelty of our robot architecture is in its ability to intelligently use geometric and contextual information within the context map to direct robot exploration in order to localize products in unknown environments in the presence of dynamic people. Extensive experiments were conducted with a mobile robot to validate the overall architecture and contextSLAM, including in a real grocery store. The results of the experiments showed that our architecture was capable of searching for and localizing all products in various grocery lists in different unknown environments.

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Wang, Zheni, and Alexandra Panaccio. "A Longitudinal Investigation of the Changes in Work Motivation and Employees’ Psychological Health." Administrative Sciences 12, no. 4 (December 13, 2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci12040193.

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Organizations strive to motivate employees to thrive at work. However, employees’ motivation is likely to vary over a short period (e.g., a few months) to cope with the routine dynamics of organizations’ activities. These motivation dynamics covary with employees’ affective, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes in the workplace. Moreover, employees’ psychological health, a multidimensional concept focused on the individual’s well/ill-being simultaneously, changes over time. Using the integrated theoretical frameworks of self-determination theory (SDT) and the hierarchical model of self-determined motivation (H-SDT), this research sought to examine the motivational changes following the dual-path model. In particular, this work sought to unpack the temporal dynamics in employees’ subjective well/ill-beings predicted by the changes in basic needs satisfaction/frustration through autonomous/controlled motivation, while considering the characteristics of people’s general causality orientations (trait-level motivation). Over four months, longitudinal field data were collected from the employees in several private small businesses in the consumer product retail industry. Latent growth modeling (LGM) results supported the positive dual relations between the changes in employees’ psychological health and basic psychological needs satisfaction/frustration, but neither the changes of autonomous/controlled work motivation nor the indirect change paths via autonomous/controlled work motivation were significant. Finally, we discussed the theoretical and practical implications of the findings. Limitations and possible future research directions to further this line of research on the dynamic of work motivation were also summarized.

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Antony, Rose, Vivekanand B. Khanapuri, and Karuna Jain. "Customer expectations and moderating role of demographics in fresh food retail." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 46, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 870–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-05-2017-0104.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the dimensions of customer expectations and study the moderating role of demographics in the context of fresh food retail.Design/methodology/approachA structured questionnaire was designed using extant literature review followed by expert opinions. The survey was conducted among the customers in the twin cities of Maharashtra in India. The factors of customer expectations were identified using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and further confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis in SPSS and AMOS, respectively. The significance of the customer expectations on customer satisfaction was studied using structural equation modeling. Subsequently, the role of demographics was studied using two-step cluster analysis and multigroup moderation.FindingsDuring EFA three factors emerged, namely, product-related features, in-store quality and store support services. Structural model evaluation found product-related features and in-store quality significantly influencing the customer satisfaction, while store support services were found as a non-significant factor in the region studied. Further, using cluster analysis customers were segregated into three groups, namely, traditional, autonomous and premium customers, where the premium customers were found to prefer the store support services on a higher scale, and similar results were obtained using multigroup moderation. Demographics, namely, gender, age, respondents’ income and marital status moderated for product-related features and in-store quality. Interestingly, respondents’ income also moderated for the store support services.Practical implicationsThe findings provide directions for store managers of the fresh food category to align supply chain decisions with the unique requirements of customers considering their socio-economic characteristics.Originality/valueOn the basis of social exchange theory, the authors found that in a mutually beneficial relationship, concerning the value proposition, retailers need to address the requirement of the different income group customers for store support services.

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Yudhya, Thomas Budhyawan. "RETAIL STORE IMAGE: A STUDY OF THE MATAHARI DEPARTMENT STORE (AT BANDUNG INDONESIA)." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 5 (September 28, 2019): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7513.

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Purpose: Retail industry currently in Indonesia is less profitable. However, there is still a retail stores chain group that Matahari endures and this is absolutely not autonomous purchasing by the customers. The objective of the study is to identify the qualities of stores and to assess their impacts on the consumer purchasing decision. This is most significant for sellers in today's unstable market and is worried about sellers' essential to take into account the effect of selling store image and its relation to purchaser reliability. Methodology: The used method in the research is casual research method. Data is analysing through descriptive analysis method and multiple linear regression. The data is processed through SPSS software. Main Findings: Based on interviews conducted by respondents, one of the store brands in Matahari's department store is the Executive, which is a store brand that sells clothes, and trousers with expensive price, so if the customer uses the brand product Executive, they will feel proud. Because the customer has a good view of the product of the Executive brand, and the Executive product is sold in Matahari department store, the customer's assessment of the department store of the Matahari becomes good. Implications/Applications: The results of the research can be used by Matahari department store in developing their marketing strategies in order to promote brand image.

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Menosky, Alexandra. "Walk Out Technology: The Need to Amend Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act to Protect Consumer Privacy and Promote Corporate Transparency." Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy 17, no. 1 (July 6, 2017): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/tlp.2017.200.

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While the FTC can and has brought claims under Section 5 of FTC Act, there is a new need for federal legislation to be more specifically targeted toward online stores and physical stores that abuse the technology to track consumers. Companies need legislative guidelines on what information they can collect from consumers, what they can do with this information and how transparent they must be with consumers. The FTC’s reports are helpful to protect privacy, if companies actually follow them. There is a great need to amend Section 5 of the FTC to deal with consumer privacy in this new autonomous retail world. Amazon's "Just Walk Out" technology should not give Amazon the opportunity to walk all over consumers’ privacy.

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Goswami, Mohit, PRS Sarma, and Gopal Kumar. "Integrating Enablers of Sustainable Freight Transportation and Perishable Commodity Supply Chain." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 10, no. 2 (April 2019): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2019040102.

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Extant research has addressed the challenges pertaining to sustainable freight transportation and those associated with transportation of perishable commodities in disparate ways in that enablers of sustainable freight transportation have not been mapped with the considerations of transportation related to perishable commodities. This is characterized by short product life-cycles, retail demand uncertainties, traceability issues and so forth. In this backdrop, the authors' research attempts to integrate the considerations related to sustainable freight transportation with that of perishability-related aspects. To this end, this research employs interpretive structural modelling (ISM) so that enablers related to both the problems can be fused and modeled in such a way that enablers related to independent, autonomous, dependent, and linkage attributes can be identified, and their interactions can be understood.

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Pavlou, Paul A. "Internet of Things – Will Humans be Replaced or Augmented?" GfK Marketing Intelligence Review 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gfkmir-2018-0017.

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Abstract Augmented Intelligence - effective human-computer symbiosis - has the potential to address emerging challenges successfully, possibly more so than pure AI. It integrates the unique abilities of human beings that cannot be replicated by AI. Large-scale IoT problems often cannot be solved by either computers or human beings alone. Therefore, there are significant opportunities in IoT applications that are coupled with the notion of Augmented Intelligence. Managers need to consider carefully for which task, in which way and to what extent IoT applications will be applied. They must make their choices based on the expected performance, cost and risk of autonomous IoT solutions that would operate without human oversight. For example, automated manufacturing, predictive maintenance and security IoT solutions may be cautiously fully automated. However, human-oriented applications, such as smart retail, could still maintain a certain level of human oversight.

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Alajami, Abdussalam A., Guillem Moreno, and Rafael Pous. "Design of a UAV for Autonomous RFID-Based Dynamic Inventories Using Stigmergy for Mapless Indoor Environments." Drones 6, no. 8 (August 16, 2022): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6080208.

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and radio frequency identification (RFID) technology are becoming very popular in the era of Industry 4.0, especially for retail, logistics, and warehouse management. However, the autonomous navigation for UAVs in indoor map-less environments while performing an inventory mission is, to this day, an open issue for researchers. This article examines the method of leveraging RFID technology with UAVs for the problem of the design of a fully autonomous UAV used for inventory in indoor spaces. This work also proposes a solution for increasing the performance of the autonomous exploration of inventory zones using a UAV in unexplored warehouse spaces. The main idea is to design an indoor UAV equipped with an onboard autonomous navigation system called RFID-based stigmergic and obstacle avoidance navigation system (RFID-SOAN). RFID-SOAN is composed of a computationally low cost obstacle avoidance (OA) algorithm and a stigmergy-based path planning and navigation algorithm. It uses the same RFID tags that retailers add to their products in a warehouse for navigation purposes by using them as digital pheromones or environmental clues. Using RFID-SOAN, the UAV computes its new path and direction of movement based on an RFID density-oriented attraction function, which estimates the optimal path through sensing the density of previously unread RFID tags in various directions relative to the pose of the UAV. We present the results of the tests of the proposed RFID-SOAN system in various scenarios. In these scenarios, we replicate different typical warehouse layouts with different tag densities, and we illustrate the performance of the RFID-SOAN by comparing it with a dead reckoning navigation technique while taking inventory. We prove by the experiments results that the proposed UAV manages to adequately estimate the amount of time it needs to read up-to 99.33% of the RFID tags on its path while exploring and navigating toward new zones of high populations of tags. We also illustrate how the UAV manages to cover only the areas where RFID tags exist, not the whole map, making it very efficient, compared to the traditional map/way-points-based navigation.

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Petrovic, Jelena, Igor Stojanov, Vera Gusman, Jelena Lekic, Mirjana Strbac, Radomir Ratajac, and Snezana Medic. "Campylobacter in food production chain in Vojvodina province (Serbia)." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 136 (2019): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn1936023p.

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Enteritis campylobacterialis has an increasing trend in Serbia. Human illness usually appears as sporadic case, most commonly in children with obvious seasonality. In registered outbreaks, incriminated food was most frequently poultry meat. Campylobacter is one of the most important food borne pathogens, commonly underreported, mostly because isolation of this bacteria requires specific equipment. Since 1 January 2019, monitoring of Campylobacter in poultry carcasses is mandatory when it comes to poultry production fa?cilities in Serbia. The aim of this paper was to analyze data from Autonomous Province of Vojvodina about the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in poultry meat and risk for human illness. Our results indicate high prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in whole food chain: poultry farms, slaughterhouses, retail and, correspondingly, high risk for consumers in Vojvodina. Measures for risk reduction of disease incidence include better bio security measures on the farm level as a main source of pathogen but also introduction of Campylo?bacter diagnostic equipment in all human diagnostic and food control laboratories.

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Christoforos, Perakis, Kyriakarakos George, Hani Nabeel Bani, Hammad Shaker, and Damasiotis Markos. "Investigation of solar-powered drip irrigation: The case study of the Jordan Valley." Research in Agricultural Engineering 63, No. 4 (December 7, 2017): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/12/2016-rae.

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Agriculture is the sector that consumes by far most water globally. Much research efforts aim at minimizing losses through the use of drip irrigation. Rural agricultural areas often do not have access to a main electrical grid to power the pumps needed for drip irrigation; it reduces the options in paying for a grid extension, getting a diesel generator or investing in an off-grid renewable energy system. In this paper, these alternatives are assessed technically and economically under real world conditions through the Jordan Valley case study. The results show that the autonomous photovoltaic (PV)-battery system is preferable to the use of a diesel generator, as well as it is preferable to the main grid extension in many cases depending on the cost of grid electricity and distance from the grid. For current subsidized grid electricity retail price to farmers, the PV-battery system becomes more attractive above a 300 m distance from the grid, while if the actual cost of electricity production in Jordan is taken into account, then it breaks even to 128 m.

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Lv, Pengcheng, Xiaodong Li, Haoyu Zhang, Xiang Liu, and Lingzhang Kong. "Research on the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Logistics Enterprises in Xinjiang and the Influencing Factors Based on POI Data." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 14845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214845.

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Based on the POI data of logistics enterprises in Xinjiang in 2012, 2016, and 2020, the ArcGIS spatial analysis technique, geographic detector, and other methods were used for the quantitative analysis of the spatial and temporal distributions of logistics enterprises in Xinjiang during 2012–2020 and the influencing factors. The following findings were obtained in the present study: (1) there was a significant difference in the distributions of logistics enterprises in Xinjiang at different development stages, with unbalance among areas; further, there was a higher number of logistics enterprises in Northern Xinjiang compared with Southern Xinjiang; (2) the spatial distribution of logistics enterprises in Xinjiang was generally characterized by a “northeast–southwest” trend; there was a periodic shift in the distribution center from northeast to southwest; the distribution center remained in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture in 2012 and 2020, and shifted to Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture in 2016, close to the junction of the two areas; (3) the agglomeration of logistics enterprises in Xinjiang was positively correlated with the scale; the kernel density analysis results revealed that there was obvious spatial differentiation characterized by “multi-center development with core agglomeration and patch distribution at the edge”, and the hotspot areas of logistics enterprises were distributed in major cities, with small variations; the Tianshan Mountain North Slope Economic Belt was the main agglomeration area of logistics enterprises; (4) the results from the geographic detector show that the regional GDP, regional total retail sales of consumer goods, regional utilization of foreign direct investment, and regional fixed assets investment were factors that influenced the spatial distribution of logistics enterprises in Xinjiang, thereby significantly promoting the stable and rapid development of logistics enterprises.

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Bondareva, Galina Sergeevna, and Nikolay Sergeevich Bondarev. "Research of the factor dependence of egg and egg products consumption in the subjects of the Russian Federation." BIO Web of Conferences 42 (2022): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224204002.

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Importance of consummating eggs and egg products in the diet of the population is determined by their high nutritional value. An egg contains a complete animal protein, it has consumer accessibility (both economic and physical) and prevalence in food markets regardless of the territory. The widespread availability (both assortment and price) of eggs and egg products to some extent can compensate for the deficit in consumption of other types of livestock products, which are often not available for socially vulnerable groups of the population with a low level of income. This food group is one of the most valuable products in the structure of rational consumption that meets the modern requirements of a healthy diet, which is reflected in the relevant Recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation [1]. The conducted research is based on the analysis of the main parameters of eggs and egg products’ consumption. The emphasis is made on the study of statistical information on the number of the living population; the prevailing average per capita money income; consumer average retail prices for the specified food group; the level of consumption, its compliance with a rational level that meets modern requirements for healthy nutrition in equal subjects of the Russian Federation, both in the region, territory, republic, autonomous okrug, autonomous region, and in cities of federal significance: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sevastopol. The result of the study was confirmation of the direct dependence of the reduction in the consumption of eggs and egg products as a result of a decrease in the population's income. The territorial aspect also indicated the existence of such dependence. All this allows us to assert that the fundamental factor affecting the level of consumption of eggs and egg products is the economic affordability of the food group, which depends on the income of buyers [11; 13].

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Giglio, Joseph M., and Charles Chieppo. "Metro Transport Corporations: A New Model for Managing the Surface Transportation Revolution." Journal of Business and Economics 10, no. 5 (May 20, 2019): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/05.10.2019/001.

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The benefits of a coming revolution that will be marked by the rise of shared, electric autonomous vehicles (AVs) and the transition from vehicle ownership to a transportation-as-a-service model can only be captured if the transformation is properly managed. To maximize these potential benefits, we propose replacing traditional departments of transportation with quasi-public or quasi-private Metro Transport Corporations that would oversee all surface transportation in a metropolitan area. Maximizing economic, environmental and quality-of-life benefits will require putting customers first, traditionally not an area in which government agencies excel. It will necessitate culture changes that may well be beyond the grasp of political leaders, bureaucrats and unions that too often view transportation agencies first and foremost as a source of jobs. Under our proposal, municipalities would deed their transportation assets to the Metro Transport Corporations in exchange for ownership shares. The public sector would continue to hold the largest share, but would be joined by two other classes of owners: companies such logistics and retail companies, as well as banks, whose success is heavily dependent on rising levels of economic activity in the region, and investors simply seeking dividend income.

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Kolyandov, S. "THE RISING POPULARITY OF DIGITAL TRANSACTION PLATFORMS." Trakia Journal of Sciences 19, Suppl.1 (2021): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2021.s.01.018.

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Using of electronic transaction platforms has increased as our economies had become more and more connected to the internet. The platforms presently middle an enormous number of exchanges between end-clients and autonomous merchants and specialist organizations in numerous pieces of the economy. The worldwide rising popularity of digital transaction platforms has huge ramifications for retail, advertising, and circulation as the current connection designs in the worth chain are progressively supplanted by new computerized systems. The Internet progression and the appearance of online business encouraged digitalization in the installment measures by giving a variety of electronic installment choices including computerized and versatile wallets, digital money, contactless installment strategies, and so on. In the paper, we will investigate the eventual fate of this industry and assess the present status, also development of digital installment in different business sectors. This research investigates different frameworks of electronic transactions, security issues identified with them, and the fate of the portable money installment mode. Later on, we can expect the development of portable money installments worldwide made via cards on the POS terminals by virtue of all the security and convenience provided by versatile electronic installment strategies.

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Pietrucha, Jacek, and Grzegorz Maciejewski. "Precautionary Demand for Cash and Perceived Risk of Electronic Payments." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 26, 2020): 7977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197977.

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We have recently seen two conflicting trends in the use of cash. The share of e-payments in retail transactions is steadily increasing, but the same upward trend is true for the share of cash in circulation or at least the cash share remained unchanged. This paper shows the significance of perceived risk for consumers’ precautionary demand for cash after they make a decision to use e-payments. We use data from a study involving Polish consumers. The main conclusions are as follows: surveyed consumers perceive a level of risk associated with card and mobile payments and continue to carry cash for precautionary reasons. Factors such as the consumer’s mental state, lack of trust in e-payments, and attitude to risk influence the decision to maintain cash reserves, while the consumer’s income and age may be considered the main determinants of the value of the cash reserve. Consequently, the decision to use e-payments does not necessarily mean that the demand for cash drops to zero. A degree of difficult-to-reduce, autonomous demand for cash may exist independent of the traditionally studied determinants, in particular, those related to the transaction demand.

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Suyono, Joko, and Nyoman Sudapet. "Development Center For Digital Government Cooperation Patterns Of Small Medium Enterprises-Private To The Acceleration Of Economic Increase In Tourist Areas." IJTI (International Journal of Transportation and Infrastructure) 1, no. 1 (September 29, 2017): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/ijti.v1i1.329.

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The infrastructure budget reached Rp 290 Billion in APBN-P (Budget spending Revenue State changes) in 2015 be consist of opportunities for investors and Government Areas, this will be trigger an increase in the central area of UKM. 2014 year Indonesia stock exchange noted the value of market capitalization (market cap) to the property sector, real estate, and construction of the building reached Rp 360 Billion (idx, 2014). Bank Indonesia survey showed a significant increase in the selling price of units of strata title in Jabodetabek and Bandung, Banten segment of Office, retail, industrial, land and condominiums as well as commercial property rental rates increased and the price of the hotel star 3, 4 and 5 (BI, 2014). Autonomous region through Act No. 22/1999 and no. 34/2004 demanding pemerintah progoverment province, city creative increase revenue areas. BUDGETS (Revenue Budget spending Area) year 2013 deficit financial area reached Rp 54.217 trillion (Kemendagri, 2013). The development of the digital hub of Micro, small, and medium enterprises (UMKM) area can be a collaboration between Central Government, local governments, State-Owned Enterprises, Local, and private sector.

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Sonoura, Takafumi, Seiji Tokura, Tsuyoshi Tasaki, Fumio Ozaki, and Nobuto Matsuhira. "Reflective Collision Avoidance for Mobile Service Robot in Person Coexistence Environment." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 23, no. 6 (December 20, 2011): 999–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2011.p0999.

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A person coexistence environment is always changing. For example, people in the environment move around, someone changes the arrangement of the furniture, and someone puts something on the floor. Tasks of a service robot to support people include many scenes that the robot should move around in this environment. Without sensing the objects in the environment, it is difficult for an autonomous robot to move in the person coexistence environment protecting a people’s safety. Thus, an advanced ability to avoid collisions by adapting to the environment is required for a robot. From the viewpoint of robustness, a reflective collision avoidance algorithm has been used with predefined map-based path planning. However, because the algorithm is composed of simple operation rules, a robot depending on the reflective collision avoidance algorithm may often moves inefficiently. To ensure efficient collision avoidance, we propose a reflective collision avoidance technique that corrects direction and magnitude of robot velocity independently using 1-dimensional potential-like functions ruled by a pseudo distance that modifies its own distance in proportion to an angle from the robot traveling direction to the obstacle direction. We verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique for a robot developed to serve persons in a retail store.

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Osei-Frimpong, Kofi. "Understanding consumer motivations in online social brand engagement participation." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 47, no. 5 (May 13, 2019): 511–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-08-2018-0151.

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Purpose Through the lens of self-determination theory (SDT), the purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of autonomous and controlled motivational regulations in driving consumer participation in social brand engagement (SBE) practices. In addition, the moderating effects of cognitive effort and consumer demographic variables (age and gender) are examined. Design/methodology/approach The proposed model is tested by employing a quantitative survey design consisting of 832 consumers with prior experience in engaging with brands on social media. The respondents were conveniently interviewed using online questionnaire. The model estimation was done through structural equation modelling with AMOS 23.0. Findings The findings indicate that intrinsic, integrated, introjected and external motivational regulations significantly influence consumer participation in SBE activities, whereas identified regulation does not. Furthermore, while age and gender presented mixed interaction effects on the paths examined, cognitive effort does not moderate the influence of autonomous and controlled motivational regulations on SBE participation. Research limitations/implications This study employed a cross-sectional survey to explore consumer motivation and cognitive effort in SBE practices. As an exploratory study, the findings may be limited and not conclusive, which could limit the generalisation of the results reported. Practical implications This study demonstrates a need for retailing managers to understand customers’ varying intentions or needs in participating in online SBE activities As a result, retail managers need to adopt social media strategies that could elicit interest and curiosity on the part of the customer to excite them to participate in the brand social interactions. Originality/value This research contributes to the conceptual understanding of SBE through the application of SDT, and contends that cognitive effort does not moderate consumer participation in SBE practices. Also, the mixed findings resulting from the moderation test of age and gender sheds light on specific types of regulated motivations that are either moderated or not in relation to these demographic variables.

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Safadinho, David, João Ramos, Roberto Ribeiro, Vítor Filipe, João Barroso, and António Pereira. "UAV Landing Using Computer Vision Techniques for Human Detection." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030613.

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The capability of drones to perform autonomous missions has led retail companies to use them for deliveries, saving time and human resources. In these services, the delivery depends on the Global Positioning System (GPS) to define an approximate landing point. However, the landscape can interfere with the satellite signal (e.g., tall buildings), reducing the accuracy of this approach. Changes in the environment can also invalidate the security of a previously defined landing site (e.g., irregular terrain, swimming pool). Therefore, the main goal of this work is to improve the process of goods delivery using drones, focusing on the detection of the potential receiver. We developed a solution that has been improved along its iterative assessment composed of five test scenarios. The built prototype complements the GPS through Computer Vision (CV) algorithms, based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), running in a Raspberry Pi 3 with a Pi NoIR Camera (i.e., No InfraRed—without infrared filter). The experiments were performed with the models Single Shot Detector (SSD) MobileNet-V2, and SSDLite-MobileNet-V2. The best results were obtained in the afternoon, with the SSDLite architecture, for distances and heights between 2.5–10 m, with recalls from 59%–76%. The results confirm that a low computing power and cost-effective system can perform aerial human detection, estimating the landing position without an additional visual marker.

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Daniel D., Preethi N., Aishwarya Jakka, and Sivaraman Eswaran. "Collaborative Intrusion Detection System in Cognitive Smart City Network (CSC-Net)." International Journal of Knowledge and Systems Science 12, no. 1 (January 2021): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkss.2021010105.

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Smart environment is about incorporating smart thinking in the environment and implementing the technical intervention that improvise the city's environment. Artificial intelligence (AI) provides solutions in huge technological issues in various aspects of day-to-day life such as autonomous transportation, governance, healthcare, agriculture, maintenance, logistics, and education that are automated, managed, controlled, and accessed remotely with the aid of smart devices. Cognitive computing is denoted as a next-generation AI-dependent method that gives human-computer interactions with personalized services that replicate manual behavior. Simultaneously, massive data is generated from the applications of the smart city like smart transportation, retail industry, healthcare, and governance. It is necessary to obtain a reliable, sustainable, continuous, and secure framework in the cloud centralized infrastructure. In this research article, the authors proposed the architecture of cognitive smart city network (CSC-Net) that defines how data are collected from applications of smart city and scrutinized by cognitive computing. This research article predicts the mobile edge computing solution (MEC) that permits node collaboration between internet of things (IoT) devices for providing secure and reliable communication among smart devices and fog layer, conversely fog layer and cloud layer. This proposed work helps to reduce the excessive traffic flow in smart environment with the support of node to node communication protocols. Collaborative-dependent intrusion detection system (C-IDS) is proposed to solve the data security issues in fog and cloud layers.

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Falcão, João Diogo, Carlos Ruiz, Adeola Bannis, Hae Young Noh, and Pei Zhang. "ISACS." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5, no. 3 (September 9, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3478086.

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90% of retail sales occur in physical stores. In these physical stores 40% of shoppers leave the store based on the wait time. Autonomous stores can remove customer waiting time by providing a receipt without the need for scanning the items. Prior approaches use computer vision only, combine computer vision with weight sensors, or combine computer vision with sensors and human product recognition. These approaches, in general, suffer from low accuracy, up to hour long delays for receipt generation, or do not scale to store level deployments due to computation requirements and real-world multiple shopper scenarios. We present ISACS, which combines a physical store model (e.g. customers, shelves, and item interactions), multi-human 3D pose estimation, and live inventory monitoring to provide an accurate matching of multiple people to multiple products. ISACS utilizes only shelf weight sensors and does not require visual inventory monitoring which drastically reduces the computational requirements and thus is scalable to a store-level deployment. In addition, ISACS generates an instant receipt by not requiring human intervention during receipt generation. To fully evaluate the ISACS, we deployed and evaluated our approach in an operating convenience store covering 800 square feet with 1653 distinct products, and more than 20,000 items. Over the course of 13 months of operation, ISACS achieved a receipt daily accuracy of up to 96.4%. Which translates to a 3.5x reduction in error compared to self-checkout stations.

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Zacharaki, Angeliki, and Ioannis Kostavelis. "Dependability Levels on Autonomous Systems." International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management 9, no. 3 (July 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiscram.2017070101.

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Professional robots should be endorsed with great autonomy capabilities when designed for release into the market. The need for autonomy is further reinforced when robots are meant to be used for crisis management situations, where close collaboration with humans and trustworthy operation in hazardous environments is necessary. To this end, this article quantifies the system's autonomy by measuring its dependability. This is achieved by defining a qualitative metric system regarding the different levels of dependability that autonomous systems should retain in order to operate in various crisis situations. It provides a detailed analysis of each level of dependability and proposes the minimum requirements that should be fulfilled in each level, thus realizing a ranking system that outlines the overall system's ability to operate autonomously. The proposed analysis is applied on a real robotic prototype developed for crisis situations and evaluates the system's autonomy capabilities by qualitative assessing the levels of dependability it retains.

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Mohan, Susmitha, and Manoj Phirke. "Eye Gaze Estimation Invisible and IR Spectrum for Driver Monitoring System." Signal & Image Processing : An International Journal 11, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/sipij.2020.11501.

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Driver monitoring system has gained lot of popularity in automotive sector to ensure safety while driving. Collisions due to driver inattentiveness or driver fatigue or over reliance on autonomous driving features arethe major reasons for road accidents and fatalities. Driver monitoring systems aims to monitor various aspect of driving and provides appropriate warnings whenever required. Eye gaze estimation is a key element in almost all of the driver monitoring systems. Gaze estimation aims to find the point of gaze which is basically,” -where is driver looking”. This helps in understanding if the driver is attentively looking at the road or if he is distracted. Estimating gaze point also plays important role in many other applications like retail shopping, online marketing, psychological tests, healthcare etc. This paper covers the various aspects of eye gaze estimation for a driver monitoring system including sensor choice and sensor placement. There are multiple ways by which eye gaze estimation can be done. A detailed comparative study on two of the popular methods for gaze estimation using eye features is covered in this paper. An infra-red camera is used to capture data for this study. Method 1 tracks corneal reflection centre w.r.t the pupil centre and method 2 tracks the pupil centre w.r.t the eye centre to estimate gaze. There are advantages and disadvantages with both the methods which has been looked into. This paper can act as a reference for researchers working in the same field to understand possibilities and limitations of eye gaze estimation for driver monitoring system.

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Kembro, Joakim, and Andreas Norrman. "The transformation from manual to smart warehousing: an exploratory study with Swedish retailers." International Journal of Logistics Management 33, no. 5 (June 22, 2022): 107–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-11-2021-0525.

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PurposeTo meet customers' expectations on shorter lead times, high product availability, flexibility, and variation in delivery and return options, retailers have turned their attention to warehousing and are making big investments in technology. Currently, technology providers are pushing for smart warehousing, a new and under-researched phenomenon. This study aims to conceptualize the term and examine pathways toward implementing smart warehousing.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory survey was administered to 50 leading Swedish retailers in varying segments. A two-tailed t-test for equality of means was used to detect significant differences between current and future states.FindingsThe study found that future smart warehouses will be automated, autonomous, digital, and connected, but that retailers will follow different paths along this journey, driven by contextual trends, e.g. sales growth, wider product assortment, shorter lead-time offerings, and integration of brick-and-mortar and online stores. Interestingly, the study revealed that many of the retailers that aim to create smart warehouses in five years are not the retailers with the most developed technology today.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper operationalizes smart warehousing in two dimensions: degree of automation and degree of digitalization and connectivity of information platforms. Based on the findings, 16 theoretical propositions are put forth that, based on contextual factors, explain different pathways for retailers to implement smart warehousing.Practical implicationsThe empirical insights and theoretical discussions provide practically useful guidance, including outlined trends, for selecting and benchmarking automation and complementary technologies in warehouse operations.Originality/valueThis paper conceptualizes and operationalizes smart warehousing – an original approach. It is also one of the first to investigate the technological transformation in retail warehousing empirically, explaining how and why retailers choose different pathways toward smart warehousing.

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Nunes, Ashley, Bryan Reimer, and Joseph F. Coughlin. "People must retain control of autonomous vehicles." Nature 556, no. 7700 (April 2018): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-04158-5.

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Dzhanyzakova, S. D. "“I prefer to work for myself”: the entrepreneurship for migrants from Central Asia in a Siberian city (the case study of Tomsk)." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 1(52) (February 26, 2021): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2021-52-1-18.

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Together with educational migrants, foreign citizens from Central Asian republics come to Tomsk for the pur-pose of earning, focusing on construction business, market trade, and wage labour and entrepreneurship ser-vices. The article presents three cases of business activities of labour migrants in Tomsk. Field data was collected in 2016 and 2018–2019. Research methods include biographical interviews of migrants from Tajikistan and Kyr-gyzstan in their workplace, and ethnographic observation of their enterprise. As a result, the main pathways of the interviewees in entrepreneurship have been identified. It has been found that migrants accumulate experience, develop social ties, form networks around themselves, and only then they go autonomous and open their own business. Moving from one country to another, changing employment areas from unskilled hard physical labour to business ownership in Russia, they demonstrate the ability to respond flexibly to changing hosting society and market conditions. The role of Russian citizenship for opening and registration of business has also been consi-dered. As a result, the strategy of “union with locals” has been identified, which provides the business and its owner with social and material resources, as well as juridical legalization. A significant conclusion of the research into migrant entrepreneurship in catering, retail and provision of various types of services is that such businesses do not appear as an ethnic locale and a migrant space, but are rather integrated into the city-wide infrastructure. The activities of such “spots” are primarily aimed at representatives of the local population who live or work in walking distance from the enterprises. The study has revealed that ethnicity and migrant status are used by busi-nessmen depending on the situation, yet they do organize all social networks and connections primarily through interaction with those who are easy, beneficial, whom they trust, with whom they intersect in space, which pre-sents a problem when applying the theory of ethnic entrepreneurship to analyse the Russian case of migrant businesses.

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Šperka, Roman, and Michal Halaška. "The impact of sales service in MAREA trading simulation under changing environment circumstances." Equilibrium 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.v12i2.19.

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Research background: Managerial scientists use a lot of modelling techniques for business processes. In this paper we are focused on agent-based modelling and simulations, which emerged in the last two decades as a new approach. Autonomous and interacting intelligent agents are able to model and simulate complex systems in the business sphere. With the use of agent-based modelling and simulations we are able to understand how macro level outcomes are affected by micro level processes and vice versa.Purpose of the article: The purpose of the paper is to introduce recent development in the area of agent-based modelling and simulations focused on the business domain. Managers often have to make difficult decisions under the uncertainty and high risks. Agent-based modelling can provide powerful tools for lowering those risks through a possibility of running experiments, which is normally impossible in economics. In the second part we want to support the usefulness of agent-based simulations with our own simulations.Methods: The method used in this article is an agent-based simulation in a multi-agent system. We use a framework called MAREA. It is a simulation environment with integrated ERP system based on REA ontology. Our simulation model is based on a retail company that sells electronics. For simplicity, in our setup we trade with computer cables.Findings & Value added: In our simulations we experimented with the quality of sales service provided by company’s sales representatives. We investigated the impact of quality of sales service on company KPIs under the changing environment circumstances represented by disturbance agent. The quality of sales service is a part of quality of service and thus it affects the perception of brand and loyalty of customers towards the company. In our simulation setup we work with two types of customers, long-term customers and new ones. The result is that quality of sales service has mostly positive effects on company KPIs.

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Suntsova, Olesia. "The definition of smart economy and digital transformation of business in the concepts Industry 4.0 and 5.0." Technology audit and production reserves 4, no. 4(66) (August 31, 2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2022.265105.

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The object of the study is the relationship between economic entities in the smart economy and their digital transformation in the conditions of Industry 4.0 and 5.0. One of the most problematic areas is the definition and structuring of the smart economy and establishing the effects of digital business transformations in the conditions of Industry 4.0 and 5.0. The research used methods of grouping, system analysis, historical approaches to scientific research, synthesis and analysis, forecasting, etc. A qualitatively new definition and structuring of the smart economy was obtained, which is connected with the use of new business technologies in the conditions of total digital transformation in the concepts of Industry 4.0 and 5.0. In particular, new classification approaches to the structuring of the smart economy and digital transformation of business in the concept of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 are singled out. The conducted study of the state of the smart economy and digital transformation of business according to the concepts of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 indicate a significant potential for the use of digital technologies in business and a significant economic effect of their use, which requires further improvements. This puts the potential for investment in robotic manufacturing to reach 120.6 billion USD in 2025, followed by autonomous operations and 360-degree customer management at 90.9 and 74.7 billion USD, respectively. The industries that will have the highest spending on digital business transformation in the smart economy throughout the forecast period are discrete and technology manufacturing, followed by professional services and retail. The economic sectors that will experience the fastest growth in spending on digital business transformation in the smart economy, according to the forecast for 2020–2025, are construction (21.0 %), securities and investment services (19.2 %), and banking (19.0 %). Compared to similar well-known developments, all 19 industries considered in the digital transformation of business in the smart economy are predicted to provide double-digit growth over the five-year forecast. This provides significant economic advantages in the adaptation of economic agents to the conditions of introducing digital business transformation in the context of Industry 4.0 and 5.0.

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Nozaki, Mamoru, Kensuke Kawade, Gorou Horiguchi, and Hirokazu Tsukaya. "an3-Mediated Compensation Is Dependent on a Cell-Autonomous Mechanism in Leaf Epidermal Tissue." Plant and Cell Physiology 61, no. 6 (April 22, 2020): 1181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaa048.

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Abstract Leaves are formed by coordinated growth of tissue layers driven by cell proliferation and expansion. Compensation, in which a defect in cell proliferation induces compensated cell enlargement (CCE), plays an important role in cell-size determination during leaf development. We previously reported that CCE triggered by the an3 mutation is observed in epidermal and subepidermal layers in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) leaves. Interestingly, CCE is induced in a non-cell autonomous manner between subepidermal cells. However, whether CCE in the subepidermis affects cell size in the adjacent epidermis is still unclear. We induced layer-specific expression of AN3 in an3 leaves and found that CCE in the subepidermis had little impact on cell-size determination in the epidermis, and vice versa, suggesting that CCE is induced in a tissue-autonomous manner. Examination of the epidermis in an3 leaves having AN3-positive and -negative sectors generated by Cre/loxP revealed that, in contrast to the subepidermis, CCE occurred exclusively in AN3-negative epidermal cells, indicating a cell autonomous action of an3-mediated compensation in the epidermis. These results clarified that the epidermal and subepidermal tissue layers have different cell autonomies in CCE. In addition, quantification of cell-expansion kinetics in epidermal and subepidermal tissues of the an3 showed that the tissues exhibited a similar temporal profile to reach a peak cell-expansion rate as compared to wild type. This might be one feature representing that the two tissue layers retain their growth coordination even in the presence of CCE.

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Markov, A. S., and K. A. Kolganov. "An autonomous micro-generation site using alternative/autonomous sources of electric energy." Power and Autonomous equipment 2, no. 4 (January 24, 2020): 196–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.32464/2618-8716-2019-2-4-196-208.

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Introduction: the article deals with development and implementation of an autonomous, scalable and flexible-capacity micro-generation site representing a combination of various alternative sources of electric energy (up to 30 kW). The co-authors offer a solution for an autonomous micro-generation site: a prototype of a modular platform for a hybrid power plant (MPHP), which enables the use of solar and wind energies, capacitors, as well as an autonomous standby power supply unit having an internal combustion engine. The basic idea underlying the concept of a modular platform and the module combination method are substantiated. Power supply patterns that comprise MPHP are provided. Testing results, as well as the economic efficiency of a system operating in a decentralized energy supply environment are presented in the article.Methods: the study is based on the analysis of strengths, weaknesses and features of existing energy systems using alternative/autonomous sources of electric energy with a view to the extension of capabilities and capacity by means of connecting new generating sources.Findings and discussion: the results of development of an autonomous micro-generation site are presented; a prototype of a modular platform for a hybrid power plant (MPHP) is manufactured.Conclusion: the modular platform of a hybrid power plant enables to combine different types of electric energy sources and retain effective control over operating modes, thus improving the energy supply reliability and saving organic fuel consumed for the generation of 1 kWh of electricity.

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Matrone, Francesca, and Massimo Martini. "Transfer learning and performance enhancement techniques for deep semantic segmentation of built heritage point clouds." Virtual Archaeology Review 12, no. 25 (July 14, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2021.15318.

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The growing availability of three-dimensional (3D) data, such as point clouds, coming from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), Mobile Mapping Systems (MMSs) or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), provides the opportunity to rapidly generate 3D models to support the restoration, conservation, and safeguarding activities of cultural heritage (CH). The so-called scan-to-BIM process can, in fact, benefit from such data, and they can themselves be a source for further analyses or activities on the archaeological and built heritage. There are several ways to exploit this type of data, such as Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM), mesh creation, rasterisation, classification, and semantic segmentation. The latter, referring to point clouds, is a trending topic not only in the CH domain but also in other fields like autonomous navigation, medicine or retail. Precisely in these sectors, the task of semantic segmentation has been mainly exploited and developed with artificial intelligence techniques. In particular, machine learning (ML) algorithms, and their deep learning (DL) subset, are increasingly applied and have established a solid state-of-the-art in the last half-decade. However, applications of DL techniques on heritage point clouds are still scarce; therefore, we propose to tackle this framework within the built heritage field. Starting from some previous tests with the Dynamic Graph Convolutional Neural Network (DGCNN), in this contribution close attention is paid to: i) the investigation of fine-tuned models, used as a transfer learning technique, ii) the combination of external classifiers, such as Random Forest (RF), with the artificial neural network, and iii) the evaluation of the data augmentation results for the domain-specific ArCH dataset. Finally, after taking into account the main advantages and criticalities, considerations are made on the possibility to profit by this methodology also for non-programming or domain experts.Highlights:<ul><li>Semantic segmentation of built heritage point clouds through deep neural networks can provide performances comparable to those of more consolidated state-of-the-art ML classifiers.</li><li>Transfer learning approaches, as fine-tuning, can considerably reduce computational time also for CH domain-specific datasets, as well as improve metrics for some challenging categories (i.e. windows or mouldings).</li><li>Data augmentation techniques do not significantly improve overall performances.</li></ul>

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Konidaris, George, Scott Kuindersma, Roderic Grupen, and Andrew Barto. "Autonomous Skill Acquisition on a Mobile Manipulator." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 25, no. 1 (August 4, 2011): 1468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v25i1.7982.

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We describe a robot system that autonomously acquires skills through interaction with its environment. The robot learns to sequence the execution of a set of innate controllers to solve a task, extracts and retains components of that solution as portable skills, and then transfers those skills to reduce the time required to learn to solve a second task.

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Šubelj, Lovro. "Convex skeletons of complex networks." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 145 (August 2018): 20180422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0422.

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A convex network can be defined as a network such that every connected induced subgraph includes all the shortest paths between its nodes. A fully convex network would therefore be a collection of cliques stitched together in a tree. In this paper, we study the largest high-convexity part of empirical networks obtained by removing the least number of edges, which we call a convex skeleton. A convex skeleton is a generalization of a network spanning tree in which each edge can be replaced by a clique of arbitrary size. We present different approaches for extracting convex skeletons and apply them to social collaboration and protein interactions networks, autonomous systems graphs and food webs. We show that the extracted convex skeletons retain the degree distribution, clustering, connectivity, distances, node position and also community structure, while making the shortest paths between the nodes largely unique. Moreover, in the Slovenian computer scientists coauthorship network, a convex skeleton retains the strongest ties between the authors, differently from a spanning tree or high-betweenness backbone and high-salience skeleton. A convex skeleton thus represents a simple definition of a network backbone with applications in coauthorship and other social collaboration networks.

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Woods, Mischa P. "Autonomous Ticking Clocks from Axiomatic Principles." Quantum 5 (January 17, 2021): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-01-17-381.

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There are many different types of time keeping devices. We use the phrase ticking clock to describe those which – simply put – ``tick'' at approximately regular intervals. Various important results have been derived for ticking clocks, and more are in the pipeline. It is thus important to understand the underlying models on which these results are founded. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new ticking clock model from axiomatic principles that overcomes concerns in the community about the physicality of the assumptions made in previous models. The ticking clock model in \cite{woods2018quantum} achieves high accuracy, yet lacks the autonomy of the less accurate model in \cite{thermoClockErker}. Importantly, the model we introduce here achieves the best of both models: it retains the autonomy of \cite{thermoClockErker} while allowing for the high accuracies of \cite{woods2018quantum}. What is more, \cite{thermoClockErker} is revealed to be a special case of the new ticking clock model.

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Suwangsit, Suwangsit, and Syamsul Wathoni. "Pemberdayaan Umat Di Lembaga Perekonomian Nahdlatul Ulama Ponorogo (Studi Atas Bintang Swalayan)." Journal of Community Development and Disaster Management 2, no. 1 (May 28, 2020): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/jcd.v2i1.993.

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Pemenuhan kebutuhan ekonomi merupakan masalah pelik bagi sebagian orang khususnya bagi orang yang tidak mempunyai penghasilan tetap. Sedangkan sandang, pangan, papan yang merupakan kebutuhan primer manusia harus terpenuhi dengan jalan apapun. Di era globalisasi seperti saat ini dimana persaingan untuk memperoleh pekerjaan semakin ketat, jalan keluar yang paling tepat untuk mengatasi permasalahan ekonomi adalah berwirausaha untuk menuju kemandirian. masyarakat pada umumnya tidak mempunyai keberanian untuk membuka lapangan pekerjaan sendiri karena khawatir akan mengalami kerugian yang di sebabkan kurangnya pengetahuan dalam menejemen suatu usaha. Pengurus Cabang Nahdlatul Ulama Ponorogo melalui badan otonomnya “Lembaga Perekonomian Nahdlatul Ulama” mencoba memberdayakan umat maupun organisasi dengan membuka usaha bersama dengan cara reksadana saham. Pt. Karya sembilan bintang ponorogo merupakan realisir dari usaha tersebut. sebuah kewirausahaan yang bergerak di bidang perdagangan umum dengan sub usahanya penjualan barang secara ritel dan grosir “Bintang swalayan” milik warga Nahdliyin kabupaten ponorogo. Masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana Lembaga Perekonomian Nahdlatul Ulama Ponorogo memberdayakan warga dan organisasi melalui usaha bersama dengan model investasi saham, dan menggambarkan bagaimana keberhasilan lembaga tersebut dalam pemberdayaan ekonomi umat melalui usaha bersama . Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kulitatif, dimana prosedur penelitian ini menghasilkan data deskriptif kata-kata tertulis atau lisan orang-orang yang diamati Berdasarkan hasil temuan- temuan dan analisis peneliti, dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa Lembaga Perekonomian Nahdlatul Ulama Ponorogo belum berhasil memberdayakan ekonomi warga Nahdlliyin di kabupaten ponorogo, dengan beberapa tahap dan tujuan pemberdayaan masyarakat menurut para ahli belum bisa tercapai. Kata Kunci: Pemberdayaan Umat, Usaha bersama, Investasi Saham. ABSTRACT Meeting economic needs is a complicated problem for some people, especially for people who do not have a steady income. Meanwhile, clothing, food, shelter which are primary human needs must be met in any way. In the current era of globalization where competition for jobs is getting tougher, the most appropriate way out to overcome economic problems is entrepreneurship towards independence. people in general do not have the courage to open their own jobs for fear of experiencing losses caused by lack of knowledge in the management of a business. The Ponorogo Nahdlatul Ulama Branch Management through its autonomous body “Nahdlatul Ulama Economic Institution” tries to empower people and organizations by opening a joint business by means of a stock mutual fund. Pt. The work of the nine Bintang Ponorogo is the realization of this effort. an entrepreneur engaged in general trading with a sub-business of selling goods in retail and wholesale, "Star self-service" owned by a resident of Nahdliyin, Ponorogo district. The problem of this research is how the Nahdlatul Ulama Ponorogo Economic Institute empowers citizens and organizations through joint ventures with a stock investment model, and describes how the institution's success in empowering the people's economy through joint efforts. The approach used in this study is qualitative, where the research procedure produces descriptive data written or spoken by the people being observed. Nahdlliyin in ponorogo district, with several stages and objectives of community empowerment according to experts, has not been achieved. Keywords: Community Empowerment, Joint Venture, Stock Investment.

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Bertuch-Samuels, Axel. "Why we should embrace institutional diversity in banking." Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung 87, no. 4 (September 1, 2018): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/vjh.87.4.127.

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Zusammenfassung: Der Beitrag von Institutionen-Vielfalt im Finanzsektor zu nachhaltigem Wachstum und Finanzstabilität – insbesondere die Rolle effektiver lokaler Bankstrukturen – wird nicht selten unterschätzt, sei es im Rahmen der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit oder in der strukturpolitischen Diskussion in den hochentwickelten Volkswirtschaften. Dabei kommen in jüngster Zeit mehr und mehr Untersuchungen zu dem Ergebnis, dass Finanzinstitute mit einem Geschäftsmodell, welches die Pflege langfristig angelegter Geschäftsbeziehungen zu breiten Bevölkerungsschichten und zu mittelständischen Unternehmen vor Ort in den Mittelpunkt stellt, in der Tat einen positiven Einfluss auf Wirtschaftsentwicklung und Stabilität ausüben. Diese Untersuchungen reichen von Studien über Faktoren, die inklusive Finanzstrukturen in Entwicklungsländern vorantreiben helfen, bis hin zu vergleichenden Analysen der Geschäftsergebnisse unterschiedlicher Bankengruppen in Folge der globalen Finanzkrise. Diese Forschungsergebnisse werden überdies auch bestätigt, wenn man die spezifischen Erfolgsfaktoren hinter der mehr als 200-jährigen Geschichte des deutschen Sparkassen- und Genossenschaftsbankwesens einmal genauer unter die Lupe nimmt. Zu solchen Faktoren gehören unter anderem: Die Konzentration ihrer Aktivitäten auf eine geographisch begrenzte Region bei gleichzeitiger Zusammenarbeit in einem „Verbund“ (das heißt in einem Netzwerk autonomer Institute); die Förderung des Sparens und eine Fokussierung auf das Einlagengeschäft, und last but not least, ein Mandat, sich für das wirtschaftliche und soziale Wohl der Region einzusetzen, und zwar auf der Basis von nachhaltiger Ertragskraft und finanzieller Solidität anstatt enger Ausrichtung auf kurzfristige Profitmaximierung. Ähnliche Erfolgsfaktoren finden sich auch in einer Reihe von Entwicklungsländern im Zusammenhang mit dem Aufbau eines heimischen Finanzinstitutionengefüges und damit einhergehenden dezidierten Anstrengungen zur Förderung von Mikrofinanzinstituten und lokal verankerten Banken, deren Angebot an Finanzdienstleistungen nicht zuletzt auf die Bedürfnisse der ärmeren Bevölkerungsschichten ausgerichtet ist. Summary: The contribution of institutionally diversified financial sectors to more sustainable growth and financial stability—in particular the role of effective local banking structures—is not always fully appreciated, whether in the context of development cooperation or in policy discussions in the advanced economies. At the same time, a growing number of studies—ranging from analyses of the drivers of financial inclusion in developing countries to assessments of various banking groups’ performance during and after the global financial crisis (GFS)—find that financial institutions whose business models focus on local economies, retail and relationship banking do, indeed, have a positive impact on economic development, growth and financial stability. Those findings are also supported by a closer examination of the factors, which contributed to the successful evolution of the German savings banks and cooperative banks over a period of more than 200 years. These factors include: the concentration of their banking activities on a limited geographical region while working as a network of cooperating autonomous institutions; the prioritization of savings mobilization; a mandate to serve the economic and social wellbeing of the local region, while remaining profitable and financially viable over the long run, rather than narrowly focusing on profit maximization. Similar success factors can also be observed in the context of financial institution building and the deliberate promotion of locally oriented and people-focused microfinance and banking institutions in several developing economies.

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Mansfield, Neil J., Kartikeya Walia, and Aditya Singh. "Driver seat comfort for level 3-4 autonomous vehicles." Work 68, s1 (January 8, 2021): S111—S118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-208010.

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BACKGROUND: Autonomous vehicles can be classified on a scale of automation from 0 to 5, where level 0 corresponds to vehicles that have no automation to level 5 where the vehicle is fully autonomous and it is not possible for the human occupant to take control. At level 2, the driver needs to retain attention as they are in control of at least some systems. Level 3-4 vehicles are capable of full control but the human occupant might be required to, or desire to, intervene in some circumstances. This means that there could be extended periods of time where the driver is relaxed, but other periods of time when they need to drive. OBJECTIVE: The seat must therefore be designed to be comfortable in at least two different types of use case. METHODS: This driving simulator study compares the comfort experienced in a seat from a production hybrid vehicle whilst being used in a manual driving mode and in autonomous mode for a range of postures. RESULTS: It highlights how discomfort is worse for cases where the posture is non-optimal for the task. It also investigates the design of head and neckrests to mitigate neck discomfort, and shows that a well-designed neckrest is beneficial for drivers in autonomous mode.

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Murphy, Raymond. "The Internalization of Autonomous Nature into Society." Sociological Review 50, no. 3 (August 2002): 313–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2002.tb02807.x.

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There is presently much theoretical discourse claiming that nature is being socially constructed or even abolished. Some authors celebrate this development and others lament it. Still others bracket nature's dynamics out of the analysis. The present paper critically assesses these theories and methodologies concerning relations between social practices and processes of nature. It then develops an alternative argument. The expansion of society into wilderness areas has brought new disturbances of nature into society. Pristine nature has been replaced by socially encompassed primal nature, which retains its capacity for independent dynamics that affect social constructions. Moreover, nature remains embedded in technology and so does its potential to escape control. These hybrids constructed by humans and nonhumans recombine processes and materials of nature. Now that this recombi-nant nature has been integrated into society and new primal dynamics of nature have been internalised, there is increasing reason to incorporate the forces of nature into sociological analysis.

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Hillman, Joe. "Deprogramming Bias: Expanding the Exclusionary Rule to Pretextual Traffic Stop Using Data from Autonomous Vehicle and Drive-Assistance Technology." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 55.4 (2022): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.55.4.deprogramming.

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As autonomous vehicles become more commonplace and roads become safer, this new technology provides an opportunity for courts to reconsider the constitutional rationale of modern search and seizure law. The Supreme Court should allow drivers to use evidence of police officer conduct relative to their vehicle’s technological capabilities to argue that a traffic stop was pretextual, meaning they were stopped for reasons other than their supposed violation. Additionally, the Court should expand the exclusionary rule to forbid the use of evidence extracted after a pretextual stop. The Court should retain some exceptions to the expanded exclusionary rule, such as when there is a major public safety concern. In the semi-autonomous world, the Court has the opportunity to adopt a more expansive vision of Fourth Amendment protections and, in doing so, help remedy the issue of racial profiling in traffic stops.

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LI, Ling. "Political-Legal Order and the Curious Double Character of China’s Courts." Asian Journal of Law and Society 6, no. 01 (March 4, 2019): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/als.2018.42.

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AbstractThis article provides an analytical account of how politics and law in China are organically integrated in the institutional architecture of courts as designed by the Chinese Communist Party (“the Party”). This design allows the Party to retain its supreme authority in the interpretation, application, and enforcement of the law through its institutional control over courts. At the same time, the Party can, under this design, also afford to grant an autonomous sphere where courts can perform their adjudicative functions with minimal interference from the Party, as long as the Party is assured of full authority to determine the scope of the “autonomous-zone,” to impose rules on it, and to revoke it when necessary. Consequently, courts assume a double character: a pliant political agent on the one hand and a legal institution of its own agency on the other.

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Mikulka, Christina R., Joshua T. Dearborn, Bruno A. Benitez, Amy Strickland, Lin Liu, Jeffrey Milbrandt, and Mark S. Sands. "Cell-autonomous expression of the acid hydrolase galactocerebrosidase." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 16 (April 6, 2020): 9032–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917675117.

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Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are typically caused by a deficiency in a soluble acid hydrolase and are characterized by the accumulation of undegraded substrates in the lysosome. Determining the role of specific cell types in the pathogenesis of LSDs is a major challenge due to the secretion and subsequent uptake of lysosomal hydrolases by adjacent cells, often referred to as “cross-correction.” Here we create and validate a conditional mouse model for cell-autonomous expression of galactocerebrosidase (GALC), the lysosomal enzyme deficient in Krabbe disease. We show that lysosomal membrane-tethered GALC (GALCLAMP1) retains enzyme activity, is able to cleave galactosylsphingosine, and is unable to cross-correct. Ubiquitous expression of GALCLAMP1 fully rescues the phenotype of the GALC-deficient mouse (Twitcher), and widespread deletion of GALCLAMP1 recapitulates the Twitcher phenotype. We demonstrate the utility of this model by deleting GALCLAMP1 specifically in myelinating Schwann cells in order to characterize the peripheral neuropathy seen in Krabbe disease.

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Pathak, Gaurav, and Mohit Angurala. "Multipath Routing in Cloud Computing using Fuzzy based Multi-Objective Optimization System in Autonomous Networks." International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijfrcsce.v8i3.2093.

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Intelligent houses and buildings, autonomous automobiles, drones, robots, and other items that are successfully incorporated into daily life are examples of autonomous systems and the Internet of Things (IoT) that have advanced as research areas. Secured data transfer in untrusted cloud applications has been one of the most significant requirements in the cloud in recent times. In order to safeguard user data from unauthorised users, encrypted data is stored on cloud servers. Existing techniques offer either security or efficiency for data transformation. They fail to retain complete security while undergoing significant changes. This research proposes novel technique in multipath routing based energy optimization of autonomous networks. The main goal of this research is to enhance the secure data transmission in cloud computing with network energy optimization. The secure data transmission is carried out using multi-authentication attribute based encryption with multipath routing protocol. Then the network energy has been optimized using multi-objective fuzzy based reinforcement learning. The experimental analysis has been carried out based on secure data transmission and energy optimization of the network. The parameters analysed in terms of scalability of 79%, QoS of 75%, encryption time of 42%, latency of 96%, energy efficiency of 98%, end-end delay of 45%.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Autonomous Retail'

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