Dissertations / Theses: 'Autonomous Mobility on Demand'

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Miller, Justin (Justin Lee). "Demand estimation and fleet management for autonomous mobility on demand systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113541.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 131-137).
Mobility On Demand (MOD) systems are creating a paradigm shift in transportation, where mobility is provided not through personally owned vehicles but rather through a fleet of shared vehicles. To maintain a high customer quality of service (QoS), MOD systems need to manage the distribution of vehicles under spatial and temporal fluctuations in customer demand. A challenge for MOD systems is developing and informing a customer demand model. A new proactive demand model is presented which correlates real-time traffic data to predict customer demand on short timescales. Traditional traffic data collection approaches use pervasive fixed sensors which are costly for system-wide coverage. To address this, new frameworks are presented for measuring real-time traffic data using MOD vehicles as mobile sensors. The frameworks are evaluated using hardware and simulation implementations of a real-world MOD system developed for MIT campus. First, a mobile sensing framework is introduced that uses camera and Lidar sensors onboard MOD shuttles to observe system-wide traffic. Through a principled approach for decoupling dependencies between observation data and vehicle motion, the framework provides traffic rate estimates comparable to those of costly fixed sensors. Second, an active sensing framework is introduced which quantifies demand uncertainty with a Bayesian model and routes mobile sensors to reduce parameter uncertainty. The active sensing framework reduces error in demand estimates over both short and long timescales when compared to baseline approaches. Given estimates of customer demand, the challenge for MOD systems is maintaining high customer QoS through fleet management. New automated fleet management planners are introduced for improving customer QoS in ride hailing, ride requesting, and ridesharing MOD operating frameworks. The planners are evaluated using data-driven simulation of the MIT MOD system. For ride hailing, to address the challenge of missed customers, a chance-constrained planner is introduced for positioning vehicles at likely customer hailing locations. The chance-constrained planner provides a significant improvement in the number of served hailing customers over a baseline exploration approach. For ride requesting, to address the challenge of high customer wait times, a predictive positioning planner is introduced to position vehicles at key locations in the MOD system based on customer demand. The predictive positioning planner provides a reduction in service times for requesting customers compared to a baseline waiting approach. For ridesharing, incorrect assumptions on customer preference for transit delays can lead to poor realized customer QoS. A ridesharing planner is introduced for assigning customers to vehicles based on a trained ratings-based QoS model. The ridesharing planner provides robust performance over a range of unknown customer preferences compared to approaches with assumed customer preferences.
by Justin Lee Miller.
Ph. D.

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Chen, Yu Xin (Yu Xin Leo). "Simulation-based design of integrated public transit and shared autonomous mobility-on-demand systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120641.

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Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 89-95).
The autonomous vehicle (AV) is poised to be one of the most disruptive technologies in the transportation industry. The advent of three major trends in transportation: automation, on-demand mobility and ride-sharing, are set to revolutionize the way we travel. The forthcoming adoption and commercialization of AVs are expected to have extensive impacts on our road networks, congestion, safety, land use, public transportation (PT) and more. Rapid advances in AV technology are convincing many that AV services will play a significant role in future transportation systems. The advancement of AVs presents both opportunities and threats to transportation. It has the potential to significantly impact traffic congestion, traffic accidents, parking and VMT (vehicle miles traveled), especially for people that are not able to drive such as children and elderly people. Motivated by the potential of autonomous vehicles, authorities around the world are preparing for this revolution in transport and deems this an important research direction that requires significant investigation. This thesis tackled and contributed to three main research questions related to the impact of autonomous vehicles on transportation systems. First, this thesis proposes a simulation-based approach to the design and evaluation of integrated autonomous vehicle and public transportation systems. We highlight the transit-orientation by respecting the social-purpose considerations of transit agencies (such as maintaining service availability and ensuring equity) and identifying the synergistic opportunities between AV and PT. Specifically, we identified that AV has a strong potential to serve first-mile connections to the PT stations and provide efficient and affordable shared mobility in low-density suburban areas that are typically inefficient to serve by conventional fixed-route PT services. The design decisions reflect the interest of multiple stakeholders in the system. Second, the interaction between travelers (demand) and operators (supply) is modeled using a system of equations that is solved as a fixed-point problem through an iterative procedure. In this, we developed demand and supply as two sub-problems. The demand will be predicted using a nested logit model to estimate the volume for different modes based on modal attributes. The supply will use a simulation platform capable of incorporating critical operational decisions on factors including fleet sizes, vehicle capacities, sharing policies, fare schemes and hailing strategies such as in-advance and on-demand requests. Using feedback between demand and supply, we enable interactions between the decisions of the service operator and those of the travelers, in order to model the choices of both parties. Finally, this thesis systematically optimizes service design variables to determine the best outcome in accordance to AV+PT stakeholder goals. Optimization objective functions can be formulated to reflect the different objectives of different stakeholders. In this paper, we specifically propose and develop a simulation-based service design method where we quantify various benefits and costs to reflect the objectives of key AV+PT stakeholders. We simulate the service with different sets of system settings and identify the highest performing set. We employ a case study of regional service contracting to showcase the ability of this method to inform AV+PT service design. We tested our approach with a case study area in a major European city on an agent-based simulation platform, amod-abm. Agent-based simulation has the advantage of capturing individual (agent) behaviors and the interactions of the various individual agents in a realistic synthetic environment where the intent is to re-create a complex phenomenon of mobility on demand service delivered by AV. Although this thesis will focus on a major European city, the general framework and methodologies proposed here can be widely applicable. The thesis concludes that the demand-supply interaction can be effective for designing and assessing the role of AV technology in our mobility systems. Moreover, simulation-based optimization can be an effective method for transit agencies to make decisions that support their overall AV related transport strategy as well as operational planning.
by Yu Xin Chen.
S.M. in Transportation

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Wen, Jian S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Value of information in dispatching shared autonomous mobility-on-demand systems : a simulation framework." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115797.

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Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 87-91).
The concept of shared mobility-on-demand (MoD) systems describes an innovative mode of transportation in which rides are tailored as per the immediate requests in a shared manner. Convenience of hailing, ease of transactions, and economic efficiency of crowd-sourcing the rides have made these services very attractive today. It is anticipated that autonomous vehicle (AV) technology may further improve the economics of such services by reducing the operational costs. The design and operation of such an shared autonomous mobility-on-demand (AMoD) system is therefore an important research direction that requires significant investigation. This thesis mainly addresses three issues revolving around the dispatching strategies of shared AMoD systems. First, it responds to the special dispatching need that is critical for effective AMoD operation. This includes a dynamic request-vehicle assignment heuristic and an optimal rebalancing policy. In addition, the dispatching strategies also reflect transit-oriented designs in two ways: (a) the objective function embodies the considerations of service availability and equity through the support of various hailing policies; and (b), the service facilitates first-mile connections to public transportation. Second, this thesis models the interaction between demand and supply through simulation. Using the level of service as interface, this mechanism enables feedback between operators and travelers to more closely represent the choices of both parties. A fixed-point approach is then applied to reach balance iteratively, estimating both the demand volume and the system performance at equilibrium. The results from the simulation support decision-making with regard to comprehensive system design problems such as fleet sizing, vehicle capacities and hailing policies. Third, the thesis evaluates the value of demand information through simulation experiments. To quantify the system performance gain that can be derived from the demand information, this thesis proposes to study two dimensions, level of information and value of information, and builds up the relationship between them. The numerical results help rationalize the efforts operators should spend on data collection, information inference and advanced dispatching algorithms. This thesis also implements an agent-based modeling platform, amod-abm, for simulating large-scale shared AMoD applications. Specifically, it models individual travelers and vehicles with demand-supply interaction and analyzes system performance through various metrics of indicators. This includes wait time, travel time, detour factor and service rate at the traveler's side, as well as vehicle distance traveled, load and profit at the operator's side. A case study area in London is selected to support the presentation of methodology. Results show that encouraging ride-sharing and allowing in-advance requests are powerful tools to enhance service efficiency and equity. Demand information from in-advance requests also enables the operator to plan service ahead of time, which leads to better performance and higher profit. The thesis concludes that the demand-supply interaction can be effective for defining and assessing the roles of AV technology in our future transportation systems. Combining efficient dispatching strategies and demand information management tools is also important for more affordable and efficient services.
by Jian Wen.
S.M. in Transportation

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Berrada, Jaâfar. "Analyse et optimisation technico-économiques des nouveaux services de mobilité basés sur l'usage des véhicules autonomes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1002.

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Les véhicules autonomes deviennent de plus en plus une réalité, qui à la fois promet d’améliorer, de manière plus ou moins brutale, les systèmes de transport urbain. En effet, cette technologie présente le potentiel de réduire la consommation d’énergie, le nombre d’accidents, les coûts de déplacement ainsi que l’occupation de l’espace urbain. Cependant, des obstacles à la mise en œuvre et à la pénétration en masse du marché subsistent. Sur le plan économique, les coûts initiaux seront probablement peu abordables. Au niveau social, les utilisateurs pourraient être réticents à changer leurs habitudes de déplacement quotidiennes. Techniquement, les interactions avec les autres composants du système de transport restent incertaines. Les défis en matière de responsabilité, de sécurité, d'éthique et de confidentialité des données doivent aussi être relevés.Cette thèse contribue à l'étude ex-ante des systèmes de mobilité basés sur les véhicules autonomes à travers l'identification, la conception et l'évaluation de modèles d'affaires articulés autour des véhicules autonomes. En particulier, elle propose une analyse systémique des «nouveaux» services de mobilité (notamment les services d'autopartage, de covoiturage et de taxi) pour identifier finalement les taxis autonomes (aTaxis) et les navettes autonomes (aTransit) en tant que deux des formes de services les plus pertinentes qui pourront bénéficier d'une large diffusion. Ensuite, nous nous concentrons sur un service d'aTaxis et nous proposons un cadre stratégique pour la construction d’un modèle microéconomique qui permet d’analyser les décisions stratégiques d’un opérateur de services de taxis autonomes. Le cadre stratégique se compose de trois niveaux (opérationnel, tactique et stratégique) et intègre trois forces de pression (la réglementation, les coûts unitaires et les préférences de la demande). Une application est ensuite réalisée sur une zone stylisée (Orbicity) et un cas réel urbain (Palaiseau, une ville de la région parisienne).Les résultats de la simulation montrent que l’automatisation peut améliorer à la fois les performances de mobilité et l’efficacité économique du système de transport urbain. De plus, les économies de densité de l'offre et de la demande sont évaluées en contrôlant à la fois la taille de la flotte et le nombre d'utilisateurs pour une zone d'étude fixe. En particulier, l'application sur Palaiseau a prouvé que l’utilisation de dix véhicules supplémentaires impliquerait 1 % de plus d'utilisateurs (+15 passagers) et 50 % de moins de profit. Une enquête des préférences déclarées appuie le modèle stratégique et montre que les aTaxis seront probablement utilisés pour les trajets quotidiens de 2 à 5 km par deux profils d’utilisateur: (1) les jeunes utilisateurs non motorisés (âgés de moins de 30 ans) et (2) la population active motorisée âgée de 30 à 50 ans.La thèse adopte une approche interdisciplinaire combinant (1) une analyse qualitative qui commence par une revue des travaux existants appuyée ensuite d’abord par une analyse marketing de Business Models basés sur les véhicules autonomes puis par une analyse systémique d’un service de aTaxis et (2) une analyse quantitative, située à mi-chemin entre la microéconomie et la simulation spatiale
Autonomous Vehicles (AV) are becoming more of a reality, promising beneficial yet potentially disrupting changes to our urban transportation systems. This technology presents the potential to reduce energy consumption and crash occurrences, cut travel costs and minimize urban space occupancy for parking purposes. Yet barriers to implementation and mass-market penetration remain. Economically, the upfront costs in the initial stage will likely lack affordability. Socially, users could be reluctant to change their daily travel routines. Technically, the interactions with the other components of the transportation system remain uncertain. There are other challenges regarding liability, security, ethics and data privacy, too.This thesis contributes to the ex-ante study of AV-based mobility systems through the identification, design and assessment of upcoming Business Models (BM) articulated around AVs. In particular, it brings about a systemic analysis of “new” mobility services (especially car-sharing, carpooling and ride-sourcing services) in order to identify autonomous taxis (aTaxis) and autonomous shuttles (aTransit) as two of the most relevant forms of services that may enjoy wide spreading. Then, we focus on a service of aTaxis and we put forward a microeconomic model framework to evaluate strategic setups of aTaxis provider. The model framework comprises three levels (operational, tactical and strategic), and integrates three pressure forces (regulation, unit costs and demand preferences). An application is then conducted on a stylized area (Orbicity) and a real urban case (Palaiseau, a city in Paris area).Simulation results show that automation has the potential to improve both the mobility performances and the economic efficiency of the urban transportation system. Additionally, the density economies of supply and demand are evaluated by controlling both the fleet size and the number of users for a fixed study area. In particular, the framework application on Palaiseau proved that increasing by ten the fleet size of aTaxis involves 1% more users (+15 passengers) yet 50% less of profit. A stated-preference survey supports the model framework and suggests that aTaxis will likely be used for short-distance (2 to 5 km) commuting trips by two user profiles: (1) non-motorized young users (less than 30 years old) and (2) motorized active population between 30 and 50 years old.The thesis takes an interdisciplinary approach combining (1) a qualitative analysis that starts from a review of existing works and adds first a marketing analysis of Business Models based on AVs and second a systemic analysis of an aTaxis service, and (2) a quantitative analysis, situated midway between microeconomics and spatial simulation

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Zhou, Fan. "The impacts of car-sharing and shared autonomous vehicles on urban mobility: Towards a sustainable future." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/121497/1/Fan_Zhou_Thesis.pdf.

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This dissertation presents a big-picture view for policymakers and related stakeholders regarding the future development of car-sharing services. Car sharing has the potential to significantly disrupt the personal mobility market, particularly on the dawn of self-driving cars. Thus, understanding car-sharing service's market penetration and implications are urgently needed. Studies in this thesis aim to forecast the penetration of car-sharing, to investigate if car-sharing influence consumers' vehicle ownership decision, and to explore the impacts of car-sharing on households' mode choice decision.

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ARCORACI, ANDREA. "Sistemi Interattivi a supporto dei Veicoli Autonomi. User Experience all'interno del concept di mobilità Pop.Up Next." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2915201.

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ROMERO, LÓPEZ ALBERTO. "Optimal operating strategies for first/last mile feeder services due to the arrival of automated vehicles : Case study: suburban areas around tunnelbana, pendeltåg and lokalbana corridors in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Transportplanering, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276769.

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With the improvements of the vehicle technology related with connectivity, sharing, automation and electrification and as a solution to the problems that cities are facing, such as an intense population growth and pollution, there are new forms of mobility that are or will be created within the framework of the future mobility. In this context, the arrival of driverless autonomous vehicles will provoke an irreversible change supporting the implementation of new forms of mobility or improving the existent. One factor that will help to do feasible the improvement of the existent mobility is the reduction of costs due to the arrival of autonomous vehicles, what will make ondemand transportation competitive under certain circumstances when comparing costs between it and fixed route systems. This thesis studies for the case of the metro/rail corridors in the metropolitan area of Stockholm which areas are suitable to implement Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) according to urban configuration and access to transit parameters. Once the identification is done, a model to compare between two different operating strategies for feeder services is applied to obtain which one is optimal under different stages of development of the technology related with the vehicles in the fields of automation and electrification. The model used, with additions to existing ones to adapt it to the use of it to real scenarios, gives numerical results for the four considered stages, showing the importance of the travel demand and the street sinuosity on the results and selection of the optimal. The method and criteria developed contributes to have a clear identification of the areas in which the implementation of the DRT services would be feasible in a future mobility scheme.

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Rimjha, Mihir. "On Demand Mobility Cargo Demand Estimation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85590.

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Recent developments in the shipping industry have opened some unprecedented trade opportunities on various levels. Be it individual consumption or business needs, the thought of receiving a package on the same day or within 4-hour from some other business or industry in the urban area is worth appreciating. The congestion on ground transportation modes is higher than ever. Since currently the same-day delivery in urban areas is carried mainly by ground modes, the catchment area of this delivery service is limited. The On-Demand Mobility for cargo can elevate the concept of express shipping in revolutionary ways. It will not only increase the catchment area thereby encompassing more business and consumers but will also expedite the delivery as these vehicles will fly over the ground traffic. The objective of this study was to estimate the total demand for ODM Cargo operations and study its effect on ODM passenger operations. The area of interest for this study was Northern California (17 counties). Annual cargo flows in the study area were rigorously analyzed through databases like Transearch, Freight Analysis Framework-4, and T-100 International for freight. The results of this study are presented through a parametric analysis of market share. The end product also includes the flight trajectories (with flight plan) of daily ODM cargo flights in the study region. The On-Demand Mobility cargo operations are expected to complement passenger On-Demand Mobility operations. Therefore, the effect of ODM cargo operations on the passenger ODM operations was also analyzed in this study. The major challenge faced in this study was the unavailability of datasets with the desired level of details and refinements. Since the movement of cargo is mostly done by private companies, the detailed records of shipments are often not public knowledge.
Master of Science
The recent advancements in shipping industry has made transfer of goods both domestic and international, swifter and more reliable. Nowadays, some business and consumers in urban areas have the options of few-hours or same day delivery. Currently the same-day delivery in urban areas is carried mainly by ground modes (trucks) and hence the catchment area of this delivery service is limited. Adding to it, the traffic congestion on the urban roads is a major hinderance in growth of such services. The On-Demand Mobility for cargo can reform express shipping in revolutionary ways. The concept vehicle can fly over the ground traffic. Therefore, it will increase the catchment area thereby encompassing more business and consumers, along with faster delivery options in currently serviced areas. For the study, we analyzed different databases for annual cargo flows in the region. Seventeen counties in the Northern California were chosen as the study area (or region). The study was focused on estimating the potential market (demand) for the On-Demand Mobility Cargo operations. Multiple set of results were calculated for different market shares that On-Demand Mobility can potentially capture in cargo operations. Flight trajectories (with flight plan) for daily ODM cargo flights were the final product. The On-Demand Mobility cargo operations are expected to complement passenger ODM operations. Therefore, the effect of ODM cargo operations on the passenger ODM operations was also analyzed in this study. The major challenge faced in this study was the unavailability of datasets with the desired level of details and refinements.

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Deng, Xiao Yan. "Cost-driven autonomous mobility." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2071.

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Developments in distributed system technology facilitate the sharing of resources, even at a global level. This thesis explores sharing computational resources using mobile computations, agents, and autonomic techniques. We propose autonomous mobile programs (AMPs) which are aware of their resource needs and sensitive to the environment in which they execute. AMPs periodically use a cost model to decide where to execute in a network. Unusually this form of autonomous mobility affects only where the program executes and not what it does. We present a generic AMP cost modei, together with a validated instantiation and comparative performance results for four AMPs. We demonstrate that AMPs are able to dynamically relocate themselves to minimise execution time in the presence of varying network resources. Collections of AMPs effectively perform decentralised dynamic load balancing. Experiments on small LANs show that collections of AMPs quickly obtain and maintain optimal or near-optimal ball1nce. The advantages of our decentralised approach are that it has the potential to scale to very large and dynamic networks, and to achieve improved balance, and offers guarantees to limit overheads under reasonable assumptions. In an autonomous mobile program, the program must contain explicit control of self-aware mobile coordination. To encapsulate this for common patterns of computation over collections, autonomous mobility skeletons (AMSs) are proposed. These are akin to algorithmic skeletons in being polymorphic higher order functions, but where algorithmic skeletons abstract over parallel coordination, AMSs abstract over autonomous mobile coordination. AMS cost models have been built over collection iterations. The automap, autofold and Autolterator AMSs are presented, together with performance measurements for Jocaml, Java Voyager, and JavaGo implementations on LANs. An AMS considers only the cost of the current collective computation, but it is more useful to know the cost of the entire program. We have extended our AMS cost models to be parameterised on the cost of the remainder of the program. A cost calculus to estimate the costs for the remainder of a computation at arbitrary points has been built. An automatic Jocaml cost analyser based oil the calculus produces cost equations parameterised on program variables in context, and may be used to find both cost in higher-order functions and the cost for the remainder of the program. Costed autonomous mobility skeletons (CAMSs) have been built, which not only encapsulate common patterns of autonomous mobility but take additional cost parameters to provide costs for the remainder of the program. Potential performance improvements are assessed by comparing CAMS to AMS programs. The results show that CAMS programs perform more effectively than AMS programs, because they have more accurate cost information. Hence a CAMS program may move to a faster location when the corresponding AMS program does not.

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Syed, Nida Umme-Saleem. "On Demand Mobility Commuter Aircraft Demand Estimation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78879.

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On-Demand Mobility (ODM) is a concept to address congestion problems. Using electric aircraft and vertical take-off with limited landing (VTOL) capabilities, the ODM concept offers on demand transportation service between designated landing sites at a fraction of driving time. The purpose of this research is to estimate the potential ODM demand and understand the challenges of introducing ODM using the Northern California region (including major cities like San Francisco, Sacramento, and San Jose) as an area of study and a second, less rigorous analysis for the Washington-Baltimore region. A conditional logit model was developed to estimate mode choice behavior and to estimate ODM demand; presenting automobile and public transportation as the two competing modes to ODM. There are significant challenges associated with the service including ability to operate in bad weather, vehicle operating cost, siting and cost of landing sites, and overall public acceptance of small, remotely operated aircraft. Nine scenarios were run varying the input for a base fare, landing fare, cost per-passenger-mile, auto operational costs, and ingress (waiting) times. The results yielded sensitivity of demand to all these parameters and especially showed a great difference in demand when auto costs were decreased from the standard American Automobile Association (AAA) cost per mile to a likely, future auto operating cost. The challenge that aerospace engineers face is designing an aircraft capable of achieving lower operational costs. The results showed that in order for the ODM to be a competitive mode, the cost per passenger-mile should be kept at $1.
Master of Science

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Chechina, Natalia. "Autonomous mobility in multilevel networks." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2465.

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Autonomous Mobile Programs (AMPs) are mobile agents that are aware of their resource needs and sensitive to the execution environment. AMPs are unusual in that, instead of using some external load management system, each AMP periodically recalculates network and program parameters and independently moves to a new location if it provides a better execution environment. Dynamic load management emerges from the behaviour of collections of AMPs. AMPs have previously been measured using mobile languages like Java Voyager on local area networks (LANs). The thesis develops an accurate simulation for AMPs on networks and validates it by reproducing the behaviour of collections of AMPs on homogeneous and heterogeneous LANs. The analysis shows that AMPs exhibit thrashing like other distributed load balancers. This thrashing is investigated in collections of AMPs, and two types of redundant movement (greedy effect) are identified. The thesis explores the extent of greedy effects by simulating collections of AMPs, and proposes negotiating AMPs (NAMPs) to ameliorate the problem. The design of AMPs with a competitive negotiation scheme (cNAMPs) is presented, followed by a performance comparison AMPs and cNAMPs using simulation. To estimate the significance of the greedy effects the properties of balanced states are established, such as independent balance, singleton optimality, and consecutive optimality. The balanced states are characterised for homogeneous and heterogeneous networks where AMPs are analysed as the general case. The significance of the cNAMP greedy effect is established by conducting a worst case analysis of redundant movements, and the maximum number, and probability of, redundant movements are calculated for homogeneous and heterogeneous networks. One of three theorems proves that in a heterogeneous network of q subnetworks the number of redundant movements does not exceed q − 1. i The thesis proposes and evaluates a multilevel cNAMP architecture that abstracts over network topologies to effectively distribute cNAMPs in large networks. The thesis investigates alternatives for implementation of this multilevel architecture and proposes a fusion-based scheme where information is first available to neighbour nodes. These neighbour nodes modify the information and pass it to remote locations. The effectiveness of the scheme is evaluated by simulating networks with up to five levels, varying the number of locations from 5 to 336, and the number of cNAMPs from 8 to 3360. The experiments investigate the effects depending on the number of levels, topologies, number of locations, number of cNAMPs, work of cNAMPs, type of cNAMPs, speed of locations, and type of rebalancing. The architecture is found to be effective because it delivers performance close to the hypothetical, e.g. each additional level increases mean cNAMP completion time by just 2%.

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Lin, Michael Chia-Liang. "Affordable autonomous lightweight personal mobility." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131000.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, February, 2021
Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 302-308).
Self-driving cars and micro-mobility services are among the most important trends in the mobility landscape. While robo-taxi services are still in the pilot phase, residents in many cities today are adopting micro-mobility services as a more affordable and energy-efficient last-mile alternative to traditional forms of transportation. This dissertation proposes a new genre of urban mobility by bringing together the advantages of micro-mobility with those of the self-driving car. This dissertation presents a novel vehicle design that leverages the safety and autonomous navigation capabilities of a self-driving car while remaining ecologically responsible, lightweight, and affordable. In addition, the novel design enables new types of urban mobility services with the ability to operate autonomously in bike lanes and low-speed urban environments, and to provide door-to-door mobility delivery of both people and goods.
The proposed autonomous vehicle design takes a bottom-up approach, piecing together modularized hardware components and software blocks and giving rise to autonomous functionality. During the development of these systems, multiple full-scale working prototypes were completed, each designed to explore a specific research goal. The testing and evaluation of these prototypes were conducted within urban living labs, using the bike lanes of Cambridge, Taipei, and Andorra. Each prototype concluded with a public exhibition demonstrating the validity of these systems when applied to hypothetical mobility scenarios of the future. This dissertation includes the following five contributions: 1. A new genre of mobility that enables novel mobility services of the future. 2. A software framework for autonomous navigation that utilizes low-cost sensors and computers. 3.
A set of human-machine interactions using state-of-the-art autonomous vehicle perception as input for establishing effective Vehicle-to-Pedestrian communications. 4. A new methodology for road tests and evaluation of these systems i n the living environment. 5. The introduction of a possible decentralized community-based mobility industry. This dissertation will describe the research story of successful cooperation across academic institutions, cities, industries, and borders.
by Michael Chia-Liang Lin.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences

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Azmat, Muhammad. "Impact of autonomous vehicles on urban mobility." Institut für Transportwirtschaft und Logistik, WU Wien, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4633/1/WU_MSc_SCM_Master_Thesis.pdf.

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The urban population is growing at an exponential rate throughout the world leading to the problems related to swift and speedy mobility or issues caused by convectional mobility options. This study illustrates and explores the new ways to transport people specially taking into account the self-driving cars concept and discusses the concept of mobility 4.0 (smart / intelligent mobility) and briefly highlights the technological aspects of autonomous vehicles, adaptation advantages and progress in laws and legislations of autonomous vehicle. The study is primarily qualitative and relies on the work of previous researcher, technical reports and blogs but the part of this study is quantitative where empirical data was collected from the experts in a conference held by BBG Austria. The result of the studies shows adaptation readiness of Austrian professional market and business prospects associated with autonomous vehicles Moreover, different business models are suggested, which could be adopted to incorporate the driverless vehicles in day-to-day life of an individual living in urban environment. The models basically suggest that the adaptation of the technology would help curbing transport externalities especially external cost associated to transportation of each individual; which includes congestion, accident, infrastructure costs and environmental costs which are incurred by least efficient conventional cars and would also help shrinking the diseases like premature mortality, aggravation of respiratory as well as cardiovascular disease and sleep disturbance which are the result of city level congestion and pollution. (author's abstract)
Series: Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Transportwirtschaft und Logistik - Verkehr

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Pence, William Garrett. "Autonomous Mobility and Manipulation of a 9-DoF WMRA." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3288.

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The wheelchair-mounted robotic arm (WMRA) is a 9-degree of freedom (DoF) assistive system that consists of a 2-DoF modified commercial power wheelchair and a custom 7-DoF robotic arm. Kinematics and control methodology for the 9-DoF system that combine mobility and manipulation have been previously developed and implemented. This combined control allows the wheelchair and robotic arm to follow a single trajectory based on weighted optimizations. However, for the execution of activities of daily living (ADL) in the real-world environment, modified control techniques have been implemented. In order to execute macro ADL tasks, such as a "go to and pick up" task, this work has implemented several control algorithms on the WMRA system. Visual servoing based on template matching and feature extraction allows the mobile platform to approach the desired goal object. Feature extraction based on scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) gives the system object detection capabilities to recommend actions to the user and to orient the arm to grasp the goal object using visual servoing. Finally, a collision avoidance system is implemented to detect and avoid obstacles when the wheelchair platform is moving towards the goal object. These implementations allow the WMRA system to operate autonomously from the beginning of the task where the user selects the goal object, all the way to the end of the task where the task has been fully completed.

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Räisänen, Viljami. "Volvo Buro : Autonomous mobility enhancing the freedom at work." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160942.

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This Transportation Design thesis work goes through research of future work trends and relevant phenomenons among car industry. The conclusion of the research is used to define a car interior space for future telecommuter for the year 2042. The concept is branded for Volvo. Therefore Volvo's design heritage and philosophy was the other relevant part of a study in this degree project. Volvo has been used only as an inspiration for the concept, and it is not officially involved in the degree project. The result is an actual interior space with an exposed chassis of an autonomous car in which the future remote worker dedicates the part of his daily work. This vehicle is used to be taken in peaceful spots in nature in which the one can concentrate better in her/his work. The final outcome is an interior design of a vehicle from which the user can have wide visibility to the outside. The end result consists of a digital 3D model of the interior space and 2D visualizations of it.

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Hasfura, Andrés Michael Levering. "Pedestrian detection and tracking for mobility on demand." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106011.

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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-72).
This paper presents a pedestrian detection and tracking system to be used aboard mobility on demand systems. Mobility on demand is a transportation paradigm in which a fleet of vehicles is shared among a community, with rides provided upon request. The proposed system is capable of robustly gathering pedestrian paths in space using 2D LiDAR and monocular cameras mounted onboard a moving vehicle. These gathered pedestrian paths can later be used to infer network traffic to learn to anticipate the location of ride requests throughout a day. This allows mobility on demand systems to more efficiently utilize resources, saving money and time while providing a more favorable experience for customers. The onboard LiDAR is used to cluster and track objects through space using the Dynamic Means algorithm. Pedestrian detection is performed on images from the mounted cameras by extracting a combination of histogram of oriented gradients and LUV color channel features which are then classified by a set of learned decision trees. Temporal information is leveraged to achieve higher detection quality by accruing classification votes. Both a standard fusion technique and a novel extrinsic calibration error-resistant fusion method are tested to fuse camera and LiDAR information for pedestrian path collection. The novel error-resistant fusion system is shown to outperform standard fusion techniques under both normal conditions and when synthetic extrinsic calibration noise is added. System robustness and quality is demonstrated by experiments carried out in real world environments, including the target environment, a university campus.
by Andrés Michael Levering Hasfura.
M. Eng.

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17

Vang, Nielsen Andreas. "Future Active Mobility." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160945.

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The topic of the project has been about how the time spent during transport could take on a more engaging and active form; physically as well as mentally. The initial inspiration for this is the changing landscape of mobility, where technologies such as autonomous and shared systems, could allow for purpose specific vehicles rather then personally owned ones. The project investigates how a subscription based business model could help a global mass-market brand, like Volkswagen to stay true to its brand essence. The project is set in 2039’s megacities and is describing a scenario, where Volkswagen sets out to emphasise the ‘Volk’ in its name, by offering a whole new range of purpose specific vehicles, which the user then can pick and book at any given time. During the creative process both analogue and digital tools were used to explore form, function and the overall experience. Full-scale physical mocks-ups and 3D software models where additionally used to validate proportions, scale and concept principles. Working from the Volkswagen design studio gave valuable insights into the brand heritage and design inputs from the design team. The result is an active mobility vehicle concept called, (((O))), which allows its users to spent their transport time in an more engaging way. Through two modes the user can decide to exercise body or mind while being transported. This is done by the usage of mixed realities which connects and relates with the passing surrounds. The project hereby links the digital world with the real one, in order to create new notions of what a travel experience could be in the future.

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Wong, Joanne (Joanne Sharon). "Driving toward monopoly : regulating autonomous mobility platforms as public utilities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118227.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 95-101).
Autonomous vehicles (AV) have captured the collective imagination of everyone from traditional auto manufacturers to computer software startups, from government administrators to urban planners. This thesis articulates a likely future for the deployment of AVs. Through stakeholder interviews and industry case studies, I show that there is general optimism about the progress of AV technology and its power to positively impact society. Stakeholders across sectors are expecting a future of autonomous electric fleets, but have divergent attitudes toward the regulation needed to facilitate its implementation. I demonstrate that, given the immense upfront capital investments and the nature of network effects intrinsic to data-intensive platforms, the autonomous mobility-as-a-service system is likely to tend toward a natural monopoly. This view is corroborated by key informants as well as recent industry trends. In order to better anticipate the characteristics of this emerging platform, I look back at the developmental trajectories of two classic public utilities - telecommunications and the electricity industry. I argue that the aspiring monopolists in autonomous mobility, like icons in these traditional industries, will succeed in supplanting a legacy technology with a new, transformative one, and use pricing and market consolidation tactics to gain regional dominance. The discussion on monopoly power is then adapted to the new business models of internet-enabled technology giants, and I examine two additional industry case studies in Google and Amazon. I argue that the autonomous mobility platform will first be designed to prioritize scale over everything else, including profits, and that firms are likely to pursue both horizontal and vertical integration strategies to achieve sustained market leadership. I conclude by recommending next steps for reining in platforms that may harm the public interest, and encourage planners to traverse disciplinary boundaries to better facilitate discussions between innovators and regulators.
by Joanne Wong.
M.C.P.

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Vascik, Parker D. (Parker Denys Neff). "Systems-level analysis of On Demand Mobility for aviation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/109058.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017.
Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2017.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 245-256).
On Demand Mobility (ODM) is an emerging transportation concept that leverages pervasive telecommunication connectivity to enable the real-time matching of consumers with transportation service providers. Having experienced rapid adoption in ground transportation markets, numerous entities are now investigating opportunities to provide aircraft-based ODM within metropolitan areas. Previous research efforts have focused primarily on the technical capabilities of novel electric propulsion aircraft and sought to characterize the market potential for these vehicles. This thesis complements these initial efforts by adopting a broad view of anticipated aircraft-based ODM services to identify operational constraints and evaluate near and far-term mitigation opportunities. A systems-level analysis was used to capture interdisciplinary influence factors such as limitations placed on ODM networks as a result of air traffic control, ground infrastructure integration, network load balancing, unmanned aircraft interaction and community noise, among others. The holistic considerations of this analysis extend beyond the traditional conceptual design disciplines of engineering and business to include evaluative perspective from the legal, policy, urban planning and sustainability domains. The first order, systems-level analysis approach for early-phase conceptual design developed in this thesis was applied to a case study in Los Angeles. Promising markets were identified based upon current commuting and wealth patterns. A notional concept of operations was then applied to twelve reference missions within these markets. Scrutiny of these missions revealed a variety of operational challenges from which five preeminent constraints were derived. These constraints may limit or prohibit ODM aircraft operations and include ground infrastructure availability, aircraft noise emissions and air traffic control scalability. Furthermore, significant legal and policy challenges were identified related to low altitude flight, environmental impacts and community acceptance. Findings from this thesis may support the ODM community to develop a system architecting plan that directs technology investments, stakeholder negotiations and network implementation so as to overcome the identified constraints and avoid or internalize negative externalities.
by Parker D. Vascik.
S.M.
S.M. in Technology and Policy

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20

Zhang, Cen. "Modelling the Demand Evolution of New Shared Mobility Services." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242485.

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Rigole, Pierre-Jean. "Study of a Shared Autonomous Vehicles Based Mobility Solution in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-151126.

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The aim of this report is to provide an analysis of potential benefits of a fleet of Shared Autonomous Vehicles (SAV) providing a taxi service to replace private car commuter trips in a metropolitan area. We develop a framework for dynamic allocation of SAVs to passenger trips, empty-vehicle routing and multi-criteria evaluation with regard to passenger waiting time, trip time and fleet size. Using a representation of current private trip demand for the Stockholm metropolitan area and a detailed road network representation, different scenarios (varying levels of accepted passenger waiting time at origin and accepted increase in travel time) are compared with respect to passenger travel time, number of vehicles needed and vehicle mileage. In a second step the environmental impacts of the different scenarios are assessed and compared using a life cycle approach. The assessment includes both a fleet consisting of currently in use gasoline and diesel cars as well as electrical cars. The results show that an SAV-based personal transport system has the potential to provide an on-demand door-to-door transport with a high level of service, using less than 10 % of today's private cars and parking places. In order to provide an environmental benefit and lower congestion an SAV-based personal transport system requires users to accept ride-sharing, allowing a maximum 30% increase of their travel time (15% on average) and a start time window of 10 minutes. In a scenario where users are not inclined to accept any reduced level of service, i.e. no ride-sharing and no delay, empty vehicle drive of an SAV-based personal transport system will lead to increased road traffic increasing environmental impacts and congestion. Envisioning a future using electrical cars a SAV-based system and electrical vehicle technology seems to be a “perfect” match that could definitely contribute to a sustainable transport system in Stockholm.

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CRISTODARO, CALOGERO. "Advanced Integration of GNSS and External Sensors for Autonomous Mobility Applications." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2734313.

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Chandan, Shridhar. "Discrete Event Simulation of Mobility and Spatio-Temporal Spectrum Demand." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25331.

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Realistic mobility and cellular traffic modeling is key to various wireless networking applications and have a significant impact on network performance. Planning and design, network resource allocation and performance evaluation in cellular networks require realistic traffic modeling. We propose a Discrete Event Simulation framework, Diamond - (Discrete Event Simulation of Mobility and Spatio-Temporal Spectrum Demand) to model and analyze realistic activity based mobility and spectrum demand patterns. The framework can be used for spatio-temporal estimation of load, in deciding location of a new base station, contingency planning, and estimating the resilience of the existing infrastructure. The novelty of this framework lies in its ability to capture a variety of complex, realistic and dynamically changing events effectively. Our initial results show that the framework can be instrumental in contingency planning and dynamic spectrum allocation.
Master of Science

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24

Cantwell, Marilyn L. "Resource and demand effects on elderly functionality and residential mobility /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487671108307051.

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Lackey, Nathan. "Simulating Autonomous Vehicles in a Microscopic Traffic Simulator to Investigate the Effects of Autonomous Vehicles on Roadway Mobility." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555072367385629.

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26

Purohit, Tejas. "NIO Horizon : Future autonomous flight experience." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161309.

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What if future air travel was highly sustainable and appealing? What if you could hop from building rooftop to rooftop or better, from a city to an island without the worries of ground congestion and gridlocks? And how would it look like if NIO decided to take this opportunity and broaden their product offerings? These were some of the initial question that guided the project towards a mode of mobility which is new and challenging to realise. Admittedly It was also exciting to imagine what would future of autonomy look like in something other that a car and to see if A.I. driven technologies and fresh architecture ideas could enhance this experience. And remove the safety and social acceptance stigmas from this type of mobility. Furthermore to see how the design would be influenced by specific target user group & their needs. From Post-it ideation to Alias mock-up and Virtual reality software to validate ideas, the process saw use of several tools. Initial stage included several basic CAS layout proposals which allowed for fresh ideas which were translated into detailed sketches on paper and in Photoshop. Two loops of mid-level detailed CAS were generated and then through combination of both, and additional analogue material the final loop of Alias was completed and then handed to In-house CAS team for refinement and physical prototyping support. Throughout the process there were several check points with the mentor, interior director & university tutors which gave valuable input & direction to the project. The final outcome is a Vertical take off landing vehicle which shows a holistic idea of how future NIO products could look like. A small fleet and a shared model make this realistic and accessible mode of mobility. Passengers are welcomed to a NIO house which also acts as a sky-deck for the vehicle. Open interior layout of the vehicle poses unique and exciting possibilities for either enjoying personal time or a dialogue during the journey. Key functions such as ambient air, music or photo-chromatic glass can be activated by interacting with the two A.I. units placed on top of each seating zone. Use of recycled & vegan materials and lightweight construction of the seats allow for a bigger surface area but optimized weight. The overall welcoming gesture of the interior space aims for attracting a wide group of passengers.

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Rajna, Botond. "Mobility analysis with mobile phone data." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-106949.

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The thesis evaluates mobility based on mobile phone positions. The aim is to develop and assess different methods for travel demand estimation based on CDR data. Besides this estimation location data in cellular data is explained in more detail and a previous work based on mobile phone data and travel demand estimation is reviewed. The different methods of travel time estimation include both static and dynamic estimation. The static travel demand estimation evaluates movements in the city based on predefined time periods, whereas the dynamic estimations are based on different definitions of a trip. A trip can be defined as movements between important places, or just simply count a trip between each position, or a filtering of active states to create more accurate origin-destination matrices. The second part of the thesis includes evaluation of travel time based on CDR data before the final conclusions are drawn. The main finding of the thesis is that it is possible to assess mobility in a city based on CDR data, even if there are no validation data available.

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Chuang, Chih-Chao. "Green mobility Taipei City : with the arrival of mobility-on-demand system with ultra small electric vehicles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67763.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Page 250 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 246-249).
Urban form always transforms when new transportation technology is deployed. Urban form and transportation technologies always coevolve. Many new technologies have been developed to solve the problems of greenhouse gas emission, air pollution, energy efficiency, high gas prices, traffic congestion, etc. Electric vehicles (EVs) and Mobility-on-Demand systems are two of these technologies. With the advancement of battery technologies, EVs are become the next mainstream product for Automobile industry. Meanwhile, there are many new concepts about various alternative types of car ownership, such as Mobility-on-Demand (MoD) systems, a one-way rental car sharing systems, for which the Smart Cities group of MIT Media Lab is doing research. The regulation and infrastructure of current cities are mainly designed to accommodate gasoline-powered and private owned vehicles. This thesis addresses how will urban fabric and space transform with the arrivals of EVs and MoD systems and what kind of service and urban infrastructure can be integrated when individual vehicles become a node of mobility network. The thesis focuses on Taipei City as a case study city and develops varies scale design strategies, ranging from charging infrastructure, street, sidewalk, curb, parking infrastructure, to building type. The thesis also discusses the benefit of EVs and MoD system may bring to a city.
by Chih-Chao Chuang.
S.M.

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Johansson, Mårten. "Mobility as a Service: Exploring Young People’s Mobility Demands and Travel Behavior." Thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215509.

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Increasing vehicular travel and environmental issues are trends increasing the pressure on urban transport systems. The new concept Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is one approach to tackle these challenges. The aim of MaaS is to reduce the need of the private car and increase the use of shared resources by providing one single application that integrates all transport modes, payment, and services. Several ongoing societal trends such as urbanization, technologic development, and sharing economy are examples of reasons for the emergence of MaaS. Young people are often leading the development and are early adopters of new technologies. The mobility demands of young people today and in the future will therefore play an important role in the implementations of MaaS. This qualitative study uses focus groups to explore mobility demands today and in the envisioned future of young people (aged 15-23) living in Stockholm. Our understanding of travel behaviour and mobility demands among young people is limited, and this study also aims to get deeper understanding of the underlying values and attitudes towards mobility that influence those demands and behaviours. This study aims to answer how young people’s mobility demands look like and if they correspond to the visions of MaaS as stated by developers and experts of the concept. Findings indicate that mobility demands and behaviour are strongly influenced by parents, and underlying values such as ‘Freedom’ and ‘Comfortable life’ affect mobility more than factors such as availability and travel time. There is little need for increased accessibility to transport today and in the envisioned future. Findings also indicate a relatively widespread environmental awareness, but an unwillingness to convert awareness to change of behaviour. The demands of young people correspond to some extent with the visions of MaaS, and the probability of young people to adopt MaaS and to choose environmentally friendly journey is high if demands for convenience and comfort are fulfilled.

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Nguyen, Khoi Anh. "Development of an Autonomous and Intelligent System for Residential Water End-Use Classification." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366417.

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The strong emphasis on ensuring a secure water supply for the population of Australia has been brought to light by the increasing frequency, severity and duration of drought events throughout the nation. This has forced State and Local government to implement alternative water supply strategies. These measures include water restrictions, campaigns to lower water consumption, and construction of new infrastructure including pipelines, improvements to stormwater and wastewater management, and desalination plants. In the urban water planning and management industry, these initiatives are relied upon to provide alternative potable supply types and reduce average daily water demand. However, understanding the actual potable water savings attributed to water demand management and source substitution initiatives requires the application of end use water consumption monitoring due to the need to establish the point of source savings related to these measures.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Bernardi, Filippo <1991&gt. "The Future of Mobility: Impact of the Autonomous Car on Our Everyday Life." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9068.

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La tesi analizza alcuni dei numerosi fenomeni che stanno modificando l’industria automobilistica quali connettività, mobilità condivisa e auto autonome ed esamina come essi ridefiniranno le caratteristiche dell’intero settore già a partire dal prossimo futuro. La combinazione di questi trend permetterà la diffusione di nuove forme di trasporto personale e introdurrà nello scenario nuovi attori provenienti da mercati diversi. Lo scopo di questa ricerca è quello di chiarire e determinare i fattori chiave che spingono verso la prossima rivoluzione della mobilità, con l’intento di evidenziare le parti coinvolte nel cambiamento e le loro prospettive. Attraverso l’ottica dell’analisi del Business Model, lo studio osserva le mosse degli attori principali dell’industria automobilistica e definisce come essa si stia progressivamente reinventando, preservando la sua eredità in termini di prodotto e di ingegnerizzazione, ma al contempo attraendo le nuove generazioni di ‘digital natives’. La tesi presenta una comparazione critica di due casi di studio, protagonisti nell’introduzione di innovazioni nei rispettivi mercati, e una visione d’insieme sullo stato attuale della transizione in essere. Le aziende sono scelte strategicamente tra i maggiori competitor dell’industria automobilistica globale e, nonostante esistano rilevanti differenze tra di loro, l’adozione di specifiche tecnologie o il grado di innovatività delle imprese rappresenta il filo conduttore che permette la comparazione tra i casi. Cruciale per la definizione delle particolarità dei casi di studio è il contesto: prima di entrare nel dettaglio degli esempi, viene esaminato il settore e vengono fornite informazioni sui meccanismi tipici dell’industria dell’auto. La discussione è strutturata all’interno del dibattito accademico sulla teoria della diffusione delle innovazioni e sviluppa il dibattito sulle motivazioni riguardanti l’adozione di nuove tecnologie e la natura delle transizioni tecniche. Viene dedicata particolare attenzione anche al rapporto tra aziende affermate del settore e nuovi entranti quali vettori dell’apporto di innovazione nel mercato. L’importanza crescente di connettività, mobilità condivisa e auto autonome fa sì che sia essenziale per le organizzazioni sviluppare una strategia di risposta efficace a queste nuove sfide. La tesi prende in analisi e cerca di prevedere le traiettorie future dell’industria, tradizionalmente appannaggio delle grandi case automobilistiche, e immaginare come elementi di cambiamento quali software e servizi online possano trovare il loro segmento di mercato e cambiare il settore nel medio e lungo termine.

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Qiu, Han S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Dynamic pricing in shared mobility on demand service and its social impacts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111432.

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Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-73).
In this thesis, we formulate and solve a profit maximization problem of shared mobility on demand service operations, and investigate the impact of such operations on performance of transportation system with a carefully designed case study. It is shown that our approach can generate much more profit than other basic strategies, though it has negative impacts on system performance, such as increasing congestion level and reducing capacity provided. We also consider possible regulation schemes on such profit-driven operations, and find that schemes related to the total reduced distance in system can achieve significant improvement. These findings indicate several research directions in future for better designing or regulating shared mobility on demand service from the system perspective.
by Han Qiu.
S.M. in Transportation

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Chen, Yen-wen. "Tax incentives, job mobility and the demand for private pensions in Taiwan." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1271773566.

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Marcocchia, Giulia. "Projects as the enablers of ecosystem’s emergence : The case of the connected autonomous mobility." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT020/document.

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La thèse porte sur les formes de management pertinentes de projets d’innovation à forte composante systémique, disruptive et digitale, et qui contribuent à la structuration d’un écosystème. En effet, ces types d’innovation deviennent historiquement de plus en plus nombreuses étant donnée la connexion croissante des objets/services/entreprises/pouvoirs publics et les nouvelles possibilités de business croisés qui en résultent. Les informations fournies par la littérature existante permettent aux gestionnaires de prendre des décisions stratégiques lorsque les règles du jeu sont définies par des acteurs connus, mais pas lorsque les acteurs et l'environnement sont progressivement définis. De nos jours, les responsables d'institutions privées et publiques doivent s'aligner sur des conditions internes et externes variables, des perspectives temporelles et un système de demande mal défini. Ils manquent de conseils sur la façon de procéder. Les questions de recherche émergeant d’enquêtes empiriques et théoriques sont les suivantes: 1. Comment un projet d’écosystème peut-il être géré? Existe-t-il un schéma spécifique et quelles sont les variables du pilotage de projet? 2. Quels sont les processus de pilotage les plus stratégiques pour la sélection de projets d'innovation liés à la structuration des écosystèmes? Quelles sont les variables organisationnelles et les variables médiatrices de la structuration écosystémique? 3. Quels sont les artefacts de gestion les plus adéquats pour soutenir le processus d'exploration dans le contexte d'un projet d'écosystème? Afin d’étudier les dynamiques à l’œuvre, et d’instrumenter leur pilotage, le travail de recherche porte sur le cas de la mobilité connectée, observée par la participation à trois projets, suivant les usages qui se définissent sous l’impulsion des OEMs, et sous les initiatives des usagers (véhicule autonome, connecté, électrique, partagé). Les projets choisis portent sur la diffusion de l’infrastructure de recharge rapide du véhicule électrique, la création d’un prototype de marketplace pour les données collectées par les véhicules, et le développement de services autour du véhicule autonome. Tous constituent un terrain particulièrement perturbé par le trend de connexion, obligeant à une reconfiguration des acteurs, de leurs politiques partenariales, leur business model (ex : Uber, Google Car…). D’où le besoin actuel de réactualisation des outils et des théories existantes en management de l’innovation.L’analyse des données collectées permets de répondre aux questions posées. Suite à l’Identification des management challenges spécifiques aux projets d’innovation systémique et disruptive, nous avons développé un cadre d’analyse et d’action intégrant les trois logiques théoriques sous-jacentes (platform leadership / systemic innovation, disruptive innovation / design driven innovation, digital business model). Nous avons identifié et caractérise une typologie de projet, le Proto-ecosystem project, qui permet aux acteurs la création de connaissances, compétences et liens qui participent à la structuration d’un écosystème. Nous avons identifié le processus-type par étape finalise’ à l’alignement des partenaires des projets observés et les artefacts plus performants dans cette démarche. Nous avons indiqué les limitations de cette recherche et les possibles évolutions pour l’avenir
The thesis deals with the relevant forms of management of innovation projects with a strong systemic, disruptive and digital component, which contribute to the structuring of an ecosystem. Indeed, these types of innovation are becoming more and more numerous given the growing connection of objects / services / companies / public authorities and the resulting new cross-business opportunities.The insights provided by existing literature enable managers to perform strategic decision making when rules of the game are set among known actors, but not when the actors and the environment are progressively defined. Nowadays, managers from private and public institutions need to get aligned with variable internal, external conditions, time perspectives, and ill-defined demand system; they miss guidance on how proceeding with it. The research questions emerging from empirical and theoretical investigations are the following: 1. How can an ecosystem project be managed? Is there a specific pattern, and which are the variables of project steering? 2.Which are the most strategically performing steering processes for the selection of innovation projects related to ecosystem structuring? Which are the organizational variables and the mediating variables toward eco-systemic structuring? 3. Which are the more adequate management artefacts to support the exploration process in a context of ecosystem project?In order to study the dynamics at work, and to instrumentalise their management, the research work focuses on the case of connected mobility, observed through the participation in three projects, according to the uses defined by the impetus of OEMs, and under the initiatives of users (autonomous vehicle, connected, electric, shared). The projects chosen concern the diffusion of the fast charging infrastructure of the electric vehicle, the creation of a prototype marketplace for the data collected by the vehicles, and the development of services enabled by the autonomous vehicle. All of them constitute a terrain particularly disrupted by the trend of connection, forcing a reconfiguration of actors, their partnership policies, their business model (ex: Uber, Google Car ...). Hence the current need to update existing tools and theories in innovation management. The analysis of the data collected provides elements to answer the research questions. Following the identification of management challenges specific to systemic and disruptive innovation projects, we have developed a framework of analysis and action integrating the three underlying theoretical logic (platform leadership / systemic innovation, disruptive innovation / design driven innovation, digital business model). We have identified and characterized a project typology, the Proto-ecosystem project, which enables stakeholders to create the knowledge, skills and connections that contribute to the structuring of an ecosystem. We have identified the typical process by stage finalized to the alignment of the partners of the observed projects and the more efficient artifacts in this alignment process. We have indicated the limitations of this research and the possible future evolutions

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Bertoldi, Leonardo <1995&gt. "AUTONOMOUS DRIVING AND ITS FUTURE IMPACT ON MOBILITY: An analysis of perception in EU." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15787.

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The objective of this research is to investigate perception regarding autonomous vehicles in the European Union with a particular focus on travel time and safety perception. The core element of the study is a new concept called “travel time benefit”, which was introduced by the author as an expansion of travel time perception literature. This represents the research core of the work with an additional focus on safety perception as a secondary matter. A complete overview of the automotive industry latest trends and upcoming changes is provided as an introduction. A series of hypotheses are formulated based on previous studies in literature and applied to the newly introduced concept of travel time benefit. A sample of European Union citizens was used to fulfil a survey through Amazon Mturk with the goal of gathering primary data on the matter, to be then analysed with SPSS. Results are to be read as the current perception of autonomous driving technology. The main consequences are investigated, with a focus on additional time made available thanks to the fact of not having to drive, and added safety of the occupants. Findings of this research establish a useful market insight for the automotive industry huge upcoming autonomous vehicle revolution and add to the body of research on the topic in the European Union.

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Schubert, Uwe, and Ewald Brunner. "Labor Demand, Capital Mobility and R&D Investment in a Multiregional Context." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1985. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6225/1/IIR_Disc_25.PDF.

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Fields, Evan(Evan Jerome). "Demand uncensored : car-sharing mobility services using data-driven and simulation-based techniques." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121825.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 141-145).
In the design and operation of urban mobility systems, it is often desirable to understand patterns in traveler demand. However, demand is typically unobserved and must be estimated from available data. To address this disconnect, we begin by proposing a method for recovering an unknown probability distribution given a censored or truncated sample from that distribution. The proposed method is a novel and conceptually simple detruncation technique based on sampling the observed data according to weights learned by solving a simulation-based optimization problem; this method is especially appropriate in cases where little analytic information about the unknown distribution is available but the truncation process can be simulated.
The proposed method is compared to the ubiquitous maximum likelihood (MLE) method in a variety of synthetic validation experiments where it is found that the proposed method performs slightly worse than perfectly specified MLE and competitively with slight misspecified MLE. We then describe a novel car-sharing simulator which captures many of the important interactions between supply, demand, and system utilization while remaining simple and computationally efficient. In collaboration with Zipcar, a leading car-sharing operator in the United States, we demonstrate the usefulness of our detruncation method combined with our simulator via a pair of case studies. These tools allow us to estimate demand for round trip car-sharing services in the Boston and New York metropolitan areas, and the inferred demand distributions contain actionable insights.
Finally, we extend the detruncation method to cover cases where data is noisy, missing, or must be combined from different sources such as web or mobile applications. In synthetic validation experiments, the extended method is benchmarked against kernel density estimation (KDE) with Gaussian kernels. We find that the proposed method typically outperforms KDE, especially when the distribution to be estimated is not unimodal. With this extended method we consider the added utility of search data when estimating demand for car-sharing.
by Evan Fields.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center

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Lee, Kyubang. "The demand for owner-occupied housing : a study of the simultaneity among housing demand, the choice of loan-value ratio and the length of stay /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1278610468.

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Östman, Ludwig. "Rolls-Royce and the Future of Luxury Mobility." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-154738.

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The topic of the project has been about the future of luxury mobility and how the brand Rolls-Royce could evolve alongthe technological advancements until the year 2038. As luxury is changing from being about possession to the experience of luxury, the goal was to design a vehicle that could support both new internal and external experiences about the vehicle. The identified obstacle that could limit the scope of new experi- ences in an autonomous vehicle is motion sickness. As cities grow and technology develops the future cities are crowded so personal space, and privacy is being limited.During the process, the tools used varied from form explora- tion through sketching, concept principle testing and finalization in 3d software as well as visualization tools to communicate the proposed solutions. Working out of the Rolls-Royce designstudio provided brand insight but also expertise in the field of color & materials as well as advice on engineering solutions from the design team.The result Rolls-Royce Luxe Nomad is a vehicle for exploring the world outside the urban areas. Going far and beyond in search of new and unique experiences but also making the trip there as enjoyable as possible. The concept provides a solution inspired by high-speed trains that could limit those effects. Through understanding the future customers need of privacy a method of controlling the amount of insight was developed to enhance the user experience and giving them an increased sense of control of their space.

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Farzana, Fatema Hoque. "Estimation and Prediction of Mobility and Reliability Measures Using Different Modeling Techniques." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3880.

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The goal of this study is to investigate the predictive ability of less data intensive but widely accepted methods to estimate mobility and reliability measures. Mobility is a relatively mature concept in the traffic engineering field. Therefore, many mobility measure estimation methods are already available and widely accepted among practitioners and researchers. However, each method has their inherent weakness, particularly when they are applied and compared with real-world data. For instances, Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) Curves are very popular in static route choice assignment, as part of demand forecasting models, but it is often criticized for underperforming in congested traffic conditions where demand exceeds capacity. This study applied five mobility estimation methods (BPR Curve, Akcelic Function, Florida State University (FSU) Regression Model, Queuing Theory, and Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) Facility Procedures) for different facility types (i.e. Freeway and Arterial) and time periods (AM Peak, Mid-Day, PM Peak). The study findings indicate that the methods were able to accurately predict mobility measures (e.g. speed and travel time) on freeways, particularly when there was no congestion and the volume was less than the capacity. In the presence of congestion, none of the mobility estimation methods predicted mobility measures closer to the real-world measure. However, compared with the other prediction models, the HCM procedure method was able to predict mobility measures better. On arterials, the mobility measure predictions were not close to the real-world measurements, not even in the uncongested periods (i.e. AM Peak and Mid-Day). However, the predictions are relatively better in the AM and Mid-Day periods that have lower volume/capacity ration compared to the PM Peak period. To estimate reliability measures, the study applied three products from the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP2) projects (Project Number L03, L07, and C11) to estimate three reliability measures; the 80th percentile travel time index, 90th percentile travel time index, and 95th percentile travel time index. A major distinction between mobility estimation process and reliability estimation process lies in the fact that mobility can be estimated for any particular day, but reliability estimation requires a full year of data. Inclusion of incident days and weather condition are another important consideration for reliability measurements. The study found that SHRP2 products predicted reliability measures reasonably well for freeways for all time periods (except C11 in the PM Peak). On arterials, the reliability predictions were not close to the real-world measure, although the differences were not as drastic as seen in the case of arterial mobility measures.

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Karlsson, Josefin, and Anna-Sara Törnberg. "Short-term parking demand - An empirical study conducted in Norrköping." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-130002.

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För att öka bland annat trivsel och säkerhet inom ett bostadsområde är det av av stor fördel att anlägga bostadsparkering i utkanten och på sätt minska trafikflödet inom området. En sådan parkeringslösning förutsätter dock att viss markyta inom området avsätts för att kunna ställa upp sin bil under en kortare period för att hämta eller lämna passagerare samt lasta i eller ur gods. Detta kallas för att korttidsangöra. Examensarbetet har kartlagt hur korttidsangöring används samt undersökt om behovet att angöra påverkas av avstånd till parkering och socioekonomiska faktorer inom ett område.

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Gross, Eytan. "Scenario discovery for a future of automated mobility on-demand in the urban environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120604.

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Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 113-116).
Future uncertainty has always been a hindrance in the field of transportation planning. It is difficult to make robust decisions regarding optimal transportation policies when uncertainty is so wide. This project presents a novel approach for applying scenario discovery to agentbased simulation. In scenario discovery we define a space of uncertainty, and seek to find sub-spaces where strategies fail. Since scenario discovery requires running multiple simulations under different conditions of uncertainty, we can produce compelling narrative as to why certain strategies fail in the space where they do. Our two main performance measures are individual accessibility and overall petroleum-based energy consumption. We apply the Patient Rule Induction Method (PRIM), a method for clustering points within a hyper-space that fail to meet certain criteria, to both of these outputs. The strategies that were tested were: the current state; a strategy where automated mobility on-demand replaces current forms of mobility on-demand; a strategy where the frequency of all public transportation lines is doubled; a strategy where automated mobility on-demand are used only to solve the first-last mile problem for public transportation; and a strategy where all private modes are banned from entering the city's central business district (CBD). The strategy which produced the best overall performance taking into account both accessibility and energy consumption was the strategy by which the CBD was restricted. This framework of scenario discovery applied to agent-based simulation can be applied to additional modeled cities in the future.
by Eytan Gross.
S.M. in Transportation

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Iacobucci, Riccardo. "Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles: potential for Power Grid integration." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/235105.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(エネルギー科学)
甲第21385号
エネ博第373号
新制||エネ||73(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻
(主査)教授手塚哲央, 教授下田宏, 准教授 MCLELLAN,Benjamin
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Riccardo, Iacobucci. "Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles: potential for Power Grid integration." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/235105.

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京都大学
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(エネルギー科学)
甲第21385号
エネ博第373号
新制||エネ||73(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻
(主査)教授手塚哲央, 教授下田宏, 准教授 MCLELLAN,Benjamin
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Energy Science
Kyoto University
DFAM

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45

Ballard, Lance Dale. "Human-scaled personal mobility device performance characteristics." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45930.

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Today, numerous alternative modes of mobility are emerging to provide a solution to the problems created by the automobile. This research envisions a future where transportation in urban areas will be dominated by small personal mobility devices (PMDs) instead of automobiles. This Intelligent Mobility System (IMS) would be a car-free zone where people travel by a shared-system of PMDs providing levels of mobility greater than walking but less than a car. This research effort focuses on the operational aspects of this future system by studying PMD performance characteristics as inputs for a computer simulation model of an IMS environment. Therefore, the primary objective of this research is to evaluate the operations of PMDs that are currently used in a variety of settings. GPS recorders are used to log speed and location data each second of pedestrian, bicycle, Segway, and electric cart trips. Segway speed and acceleration are analyzed using three factors, sidewalk width, surface quality, and pedestrian density to study their effect on Segway speed. Pedestrians have the lowest mean speed and the most narrow speed distribution. Segways, bicycles and electric carts have increasingly faster mean speeds and wider speed distributions, respectively. Segways and bicycles were found to have similar acceleration distributions. Segways seem to provide a level of speed and mobility between that of pedestrians and cyclists, meaning that Segways might capture new users by providing a level of mobility and convenience previously unseen. Narrow sidewalk widths, poor sidewalk quality, and heavy pedestrian density all decreased Segway speeds. The researchers suspect that surface quality is likely an independent constraint for Segway speed and that sidewalk width and pedestrian density interact to limit Segway speeds under certain conditions. This research concludes that these external factors may affect PMD speed and should be considered when analyzing PMD mobility, especially in an IMS setting.

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Krishnakumar, Sita Srinivasaraghavan. "Intelligent actor mobility in wireless sensor and actor networks." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24735.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Abler, Randal T.; Committee Member: Copeland, John A.; Committee Member: Haas, Kevin; Committee Member: Moore II, Elliot; Committee Member: Owen III, Henry L.

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Gandia, Rodrigo. "Innovation in ecosystem business models : An application to MaaS and Autonomous vehicles in urban mobility system." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASC018.

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Le concept de mobilité comme service (MaaS) s’est généralisé dans les pays occidentaux et est devenu une option de marché concrète, présentant une offre de système de transport basée non plus sur la propriété mais basée sur l'usage. L’utilisateur est ainsi au centre des questions de mobilité urbaine, de sorte que les consommateurs doivent être ouverts à l'adoption de nouvelles technologies, telles que les véhicules autonomes. Cette thèse vise à analyser le concept de MaaS pour identifier les conditions de sa mise en oeuvre et de sa diffusion dans la mobilité urbaine de demain. Nous avons constaté que pour prendre une place durable dans le système de mobilité urbaine, le MaaS doit être considéré comme un modèle d’affaires modulaire et adaptable, applicable à tous les contextes socio-politiques, réglementaires, environnementaux et économiques. Pour cela, le modèle d’affaires de cet écosystème innovant doit tenir compte de l'acceptation des consommateurs, d’une coordination des multiples acteurs constituant la chaine de valeur au sein d’un MaaS et des systèmes de transport existant avec leur développement d’innovations technologiques (véhicule autonome)
The concept of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) has become widespread in Western countries and has become a solid market option, presenting a transport system offer based no longer on ownership but use. This approach places the user at the heart of urban mobility issues, so consumers must be open to adopting new technologies and services, such as autonomous vehicles. Based on our research, this Ph.D. thesis aims to analyze the concept of MaaS in order to identify the conditions for its implementation and diffusion in tomorrow's urban mobility. We found that to take a sustainable place in the urban mobility system, MaaS must be considered as a modular and adaptable business model applicable to all socio-political, regulatory, environmental, and economic contexts. To this end, the business model of this innovative ecosystem must take into account consumer acceptance, coordination of the multiple actors making up the value chain within a MaaS and existing transport systems that are specific with their development of technological

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Sail, Siddharth Subhash. "On the applicability of random mobility models for swarm robot movements /." Online version of thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/3939.

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Baleia, José Rodrigo Ferreira. "Haptic robot-environment interaction for self-supervised learning in ground mobility." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/12475.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores
This dissertation presents a system for haptic interaction and self-supervised learning mechanisms to ascertain navigation affordances from depth cues. A simple pan-tilt telescopic arm and a structured light sensor, both fitted to the robot’s body frame, provide the required haptic and depth sensory feedback. The system aims at incrementally develop the ability to assess the cost of navigating in natural environments. For this purpose the robot learns a mapping between the appearance of objects, given sensory data provided by the sensor, and their bendability, perceived by the pan-tilt telescopic arm. The object descriptor, representing the object in memory and used for comparisons with other objects, is rich for a robust comparison and simple enough to allow for fast computations. The output of the memory learning mechanism allied with the haptic interaction point evaluation prioritize interaction points to increase the confidence on the interaction and correctly identifying obstacles, reducing the risk of the robot getting stuck or damaged. If the system concludes that the object is traversable, the environment change detection system allows the robot to overcome it. A set of field trials show the ability of the robot to progressively learn which elements of environment are traversable.

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Wright, Landon Blaine. "Simulation Framework and Potential Field Relocation for Systems of Shared Autonomous Vehicles." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8629.

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Shared autonomous vehicles present a significant opportunity to change the way that urban mobility is viewed by society. By providing a shared mobility platform at a cost lower than has previously been obtainable there are significant possibilites to enable a new era of mobility for consumers. This opportunity, however, comes with significant risks in the form of emissions and increased road usage. Understanding how the risks and benefits of shared autonomous vehicles can be balanced is crucial to be able to adequately prepare for their introduction. One of the primary ways to understand the interplay between the risks and benefits of autonomous vehicles is through the use of computer simulations. However, typically simulations must be defined for a specific area and provide results that are not applicable to a wide range of areas and situations. This work presents the development of a framework that can be used to simulate SAV behaviour at any given region of interest. This framework automates the process of generating a directed non-planar graph using data gathered from the OpenStreetMap project. It further provides tools to generate activity based trips that are statistically similar in time and density to provided data that reflects the trips in the simulation area. In the absence of this data, this work has identified the 2009 National Household Travel Survey as an acceptable surrogate for data specific to a region. The framework then provides methods by which the trip origins and destinations are mapped into the directed non-planar graph representation of the area of interest. This mapping is performed using real-world data including business locations and census data. Finally the framework is capable of simulating the activity of SAV in response to the defined trips given a variety of starting conditions and relocation strategies. In addition to the simulation framework this work presents a novel relocation strategy for unoccupied SAV based on the potential field methods that have been used in robotic navigation. This method provides a continously differentiable function that describes the unmet demand in the service area for a network of shared autonomous vehicles. The tunable parameters of the method are explored by using a design of experiments, and optimal values reflecting different scenarios are identified.The method is also evaluated in the context of both and over- and under-supply of vehicles for the given demand. As a result this method has been shown to provide substantial reductions in the wait time for a vehicle to service a trip with a minimal increase in the total distance that is traveled by all vehicles in the network.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Autonomous Mobility on Demand'

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