Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Autonomie démocratique'
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Tiereaud, Sale. "Le droit international et la pratique de l'ingérence armée démocratique depuis 1945." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN20002/document.
Full textDoes the international law authorize the recourse to the force with a democratic aim? Does the practice of the States and the international organizations since 1945 have to make emerge a rule sanctioning a right of armed intervention democratic? The problems of the democratic armed interference associate in the international relations right - power - ideology. If the States, in spite of the prohibition of the recourse to the force posed by the Charter of the United Nations, very often showed a certain reserve to be subjected to the international law, it should be recognized that the practice of those, very incoherent, selective and arbitrary, with regard to the armed democratic interference, mainly was apart from the legal provision. As well during the bipolar period as post bipolar, the particular interpretation of the legal provision international translates only the expression of the aforesaid instrumentalisation regulates with the profit of the ideology and the power. Even the practices of the United Nations and other international organizations cannot make it possible to establish a report of the existence of a legal provision international favorable to the military inversion of a non democratic regime, or favorable for the use of the force to promote, found, maintain, and restore a democratic regime. The practice in this matter is only circumstantial, extremely rare, inconstant and incoherent. The international law since 1945 does not recognize a right of interference armed democratic in spite of emergence more and more pregnant with a principle with international democratic legitimacy. This current trend, dictating a kind of democratic imperialism, made only support the appearance, in practice international law, attempts at new approaches of legality, which express a phenomenon of deconstruction whose interest, from the point of view of an epistemological criticism of the current rules, is not to neglect
Mole-Mogolo, Gratien. "Autonomie patrimoniale des jeunes églises en République démocratique du Congo : 1885-2006." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA111022.
Full textLUCIO, SALATIEL FERREIRA. "L IMPORTANCE DE L AUTONOMIE MUNICIPALE POUR LA CONSTRUCTION D UN FÉDERALISME ÉQUILIBRÉ ET DÉMOCRATIQUE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25204@1.
Full textLe champ d application de cette thèse est l étude de quelques points importants dans la forme de l Etat après la promulgation de la Constitution Fédérale de 1988, telles que le type de fédération adopté et la définition de la municipalité, dans la nouvelle conception, comme une entité fédérale, délimitant aussi son rôle et son importance pour la construction d un fédéralisme équiliré et démocratique. Pour atteindre cet objectif, l étude est divisée en trois chapitres. Commence à donner des notions générales sur l Etat fédéral pour ensuite, dans le deuxième chapitre, porter à la lumière certains obstacles qui causent l affaiblissement de l autonomie municipale. Dans le troisième et dernier chapitre, l accent sera mis sur des solutions aux problèmes soulevés sur le texte constitutionnel lui-même, puis les amendements constitutionnels, mettant en évidence des mécanismes efficaces à la lutte contre la centralisation des pouvoirs dans les mains de l Union, importants qu ils sont pour la construction d un fédéralisme plutôt équilibré et démocratique.
Esta dissertação tem por escopo o estudo de alguns pontos importantes da forma de Estado a partir da promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, como por exemplo o próprio tipo de federação adotado, além da definição do Município, no novo desenho, como um ente federativo, delimitando-se o seu papel e a sua importância para a construção de um federalismo equilibrado e democrático. Para alcançar esse objetivo, o estudo está estruturado em três capítulos. Inicia-se dando noções gerais sobre o Estado Federal, para, em seguida, no segundo capítulo, trazer a lume alguns entraves que vêm causando o enfraquecimento da autonomia municipal. No terceiro e último capítulo, a ênfase recairá sobre as soluções para os problemas trazidos no próprio texto Constitucional e, posteriormente, nas emendas, apontando-se mecanismos eficientes no combate à centralização de poderes nas mãos da União, mecanismos estes importantes para a construção de um federalismo deveras equilibrado e democrático.
Koyanyo, Kongatua Jacques. "Du développement comme extensions des libertés : le cas des Pygmées Ndenga de la République démocratique du Congo." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0054.
Full textThis research proposes to study the possibilities of designing a development program applicable to extreme poverty situations such as those experienced by the Ndenga of the Democratic Republic of Congo since the latter, given the obsolescence of its structures undermined by corruption and bad governance do not offer the same opportunities for its citizens to choose a development model. Thus, extreme poverty has systematically gained the Congolese public space thus affecting the quality of life of all Congolese, but more the poorest population such as the Ndenga. Following Amartya Sen, we consider that poverty is not only due to lack of income, but is mostly considered as the absence of "capabilities". That is, the lack of real freedoms to convert disposable goods into actual operations. A perspective also pursued by A. Sen, Thomas Pogge, Martha Nusbaum and A. RenautOn the basis of this observation, our first task will be to justify, if among the contemporary theories of justice, especially those which are conceived as applied to the development, are those which are likely to be applied more especially in a context of extreme as in the case mentioned, with a view to proposing an acceptable development program on this point. Since to date, the development program set up in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has shown, in the way that it was understood (or misunderstood, or betrayed in the Congo), its limits by creating conditions of injustice . In the second moment, we relied on the observation of failure of traditional justice theories unsuited to situations of extreme poverty to propose an approach by engaging in an applied political philosophy starting from indicators of extreme poverty or indicators. of human development in the Congo, especially among the Ndenga Pygmies, and try to develop, from there, new normative references to identify the priorities that it would be right to put forward in a process of remedying these injustices express in terms of extreme poverty.Beyond the specific question, raised by the fate of the Pygmies of Congo, the process undertaken also consisted of a contribution to the reflection on the alternative, between philosophy of principles and philosophy ex datis in the field of development. It will also be necessary to justify whether contemporary theories of justice based on a principle such as the extension of real liberties, and on what conditions, have achieved the objective that they have set themselves for the reduction. inequalities between individuals when faced with situations of extreme injustice. In the third and last part, we are talking about a series of proposals that could solve the extreme poverty of the Ndenga. Clearly, the priority will focus on the Ndenga man who will have to be carried by the legal, political, social and economic more just to enable him to live in the end, according to his choice. The agenda to be put in place focuses on the process of empowering the Pygmies Ndenga so that they enjoy full rights of all prerogatives recognized Congolese citizens
Marguin, Julien. "La justiciabilité : essai critique sur un critère de la démocratie constitutionnelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU10046.
Full textConstitutional democracy was built under the aegis of the rule of law and the universality ofhuman rights on a desire for depolitisation. She made justice the guardian of a proceduraldemocracy transforming the constitution into a catalogue of rights. The vocation of rights to beclaimed in court becomes a condition and a frame of reference for the legitimacy of moderndemocracy as such, the present study proposes to show that modern democracy is adorned with anew standard, justiciability, and a new maxim according to which « everything must be justiciable ». Under cover this standard, the ambition is about repolitisation. In its terms, this advocates a powerrelationship based on a competitive logic of interpretation of the general interest. To make itcoherent, she builds a new criterion of democratic legitimacy. The thesis proposes here thus strivesto show that the emergence of people who would appropriate the constitution and renew thedemocratic phenomenon applies only partially in legal reality. Like any democratic project thatprojects towards autonomy of the community, it inevitably reveals its part of the ideal
Épinette, Françoise. "L'accession démocratique du Québec à la souveraineté nationale : le défi du parti québécois." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010287.
Full textSince 1968, the parti quebecois incarnates the dynamic of sovereignty in Quebec. We study it through a global lecture of the national Quebec question and an analysis of the real chances and of the juridic feasability for quebec to access to sovereignty. The first part tries to appreciate the credibility of this project in relation to the development of the national claim and after the formation of an almost state of Quebec around 1960. The second part studies the pq strategie for the success of sovereignty project and the consequences of it. The carrying out of this project is very complicated and implies a long negociation with the federal power and the others canadian provinces
Fabri, Eric. "De la propriété à l'autonomie :la propriété privée est-elle une institution démocratique?" Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/294335.
Full textKennes, Erik. "Fin du cycle post-colonial au Katanga, RD Congo : Rébellions, sécession et leurs mémoires dans la dynamique des articulations entre l'État central et l'autonomie régionale 1960-2007." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26228/26228.pdf.
Full textRoelens, Camille. "L'autorité bienveillante dans la modernité démocratique. Entre éducation, pédagogie et politique." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES007/document.
Full textThis thesis work adopts the point of view of educational political philosophy to contemplate a metamorphosis of authority in democratic modernity, in the light of the principle of individualist legitimacy. In this context, we acknowledge the major changes which occurred in modern democracies since 1945, as well as the path of the notion of authority over the same period of time. Then, we consider the syntagmatic articulation of authority and kindness concepts, to turn them into means serving autonomy of individuals. This conceptualization of benevolent authority allows to reconsider, from the very beginning, the link between authority, and the positioning in time and relationships between the beings within democratic modernity, that is to say redesigning the roman trinity authority – religion – tradition. Hence, one can also investigate jointly the questions of authority acknowledgment in its legitimacy, and of the role of authority relationships in everyone’s quest for individual reconnaissance. Thus, the praxis of benevolent authority in education can be explored, allowing to highlight its fruitfulness to face contemporary educational challenges. Considering authority in education as a praxis means renouncing to propose a frozen model of authority, applicable to any situation and for anyone. This approach can only strengthen the assumption of a place of authority. Setting individual authority as a goal of education requires this ethics to be neither moralistic, nor paternalistic nor abstentionist
Chollet, Antoine. "Les temps de la démocratie : incertitude et autonomie du présent." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D69.
Full textThis thesis discusses various researches on time in sociology, historiography and anthropology. These lead to a definition of time as recollection and coordination of changes, on a theoretical (the discourses), social (the institutions) and political (the conflicts between the former) level, and of temporality as the different relations to pasts, presents and futures. A lengthy historical and theoretical “detour” works as a research field for this thesis. It represents its major contribution, and aims to show as precisely as possible the authors’ (Machiavelli, de Tocqueville, Arendt, Merleau-Ponty, and Benjamin) conceptions of time. The conclusions we were able to draw from this detour are the following. First past and future, related to the present, are in a position of “otherness”, whereas the present must itself be thought of as autonomous (both regarding itself, and past or future). Democratic time is built upon uncertainty of changes. It is thus incomplete, first recognizing other conceptions of time, and then open to the apparition of unforeseeable events. Among them we find this specific kind of unforeseeable events that Benjamin describes under the concept of revolutionary time, which forms in a way the other time of democracy. Therefore democracy has an ordinary time interrupted by extraordinary events that need another conception of time. Finally, we show that it is the praxis (set of actions orientated by a common project) that creates democratic time
Nkou, Maurice. "Les difficultés d'une stratégie alimentaire autonome au Congo." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON10007.
Full textCheniguer, Rachid. "La démocratisation de l'état par la coercition militaire : le cas de l'Irak." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1019.
Full textThe question of the armed intervention in order to establish democracy had been studied by the liberals in the XIXth Century. Some of them had fought it in the name of the principle according to which the freedom had to be only the privilege of peoples who conquer it themselves and not by the goodwill of foreign nations. We often spoke about humanitarian intervention to defend the idea that assistance imposed an intervention in a State in spite of the fact that this one did not have it either requested or accepted. In the same direction, some people made reference to the hypothesis of the democratic intervention and thus to the democratization of the state by the military coercion when an outside assistance claims itself justifiable to overthrow a regime then establish a democracy. The promotion on democracy it has been put forward several times during the creation of international missions of preservation of the peace and was able to justify operations of assistance and checks of elections. If democracy remains a legitimate objective, however, the international law does not dedicate it as an objective right. On the eve of the American operation "Iraqi Freedom" of march 20th 2003, it is not demonstrated that an opinio juris in favor of a new exception in the rule of ban on the resort to force laid down by the Charter of the United Nations. The rough inheritance of the baath regime of former days has been followed brutally by an American inheritance which gives rhythm from now on to the Iraqi everyday life which has become a hostage of the random effects of a "democratic transplant"
Vadrot, Corinne. "L'individu autonome créateur du social pour une application de l'individualisme positif." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100026.
Full textThis thesis is a theoric pleads for "positive individualism" which goes against the "negative" point of view of contemporary individualism. This argument upon contemporary individualism emphasize the potentialities of self-government and responsibility which lie hidden within. This approach express itself in a logical way in two parts: the first part of the thesis is devoted to ground philosophically the "positive individualism" concept owing to a both analysis of the settling of the "self-process in the collectivity" and of the historical process of self0reliance of the human society. From this twofold process, we can describe a self-reliance and answerable figure before his own destiny and a maker of the social order. The second part investigates the applications of "positive individualism" in the economic and politic fields. Convergences exist between the advanced ideas in recent economic field and the notion of "positive individualism". On the politic scope, this thesis try to answer to the democracy shortage of our days and to the mediators crisis, by the description of a new citizenship, more active based on an lighter sense of self-reliance and individual responsibility. The uncertainty of the actual democracy and particularly of the representativeness are parse by yearning for individual judgment. On account to this concept of "positive individualism", we can give an optimistic glance of the nowadays society (enlarged to economic and politic)
Laupretre, Damien. "L'autonomie financière des pouvoirs politiques : contribution à l'analyse du financement public de la politique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0505.
Full textPolitics has a cost. But its mode of financing is not neutral : because it seeks the general interest, it must allow the autonomy of political activity and personnel political. This requirement can therefore be presented in the form of a general legal principle, which is organized differently for each particular political power. But if these different financial statuses are generally known, this is not the case of the one that applies to citizenship. It was therefore essential to determine the nature of it. This requires first to set the conceptual framework, then to study the historical practice, and finally to show the current legal mechanisms. This demonstrates the necessary existence of a general principle of financial autonomy of political powers, which also applies to citizenship
Duval, Eugenie. "Participation et démocratie représentative : le cas de la France." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC011.
Full textCitizen participation is at the core of the concept of democracy, which is based, among other things, on the idea of autonomy, a system in which the governed are their own governors. The representative system has limited governed contributions to elections, and voting became the main and almost exclusive way for citizens to participate. However, voting is inherently limited and is no longer enough to legitimatize politicians and their decisions. Since the end of the twentieth century, some procedures have been put in place to increase citizens’ participation in the rule-making process. These procedures appear limited, highlighting a narrow conception of citizen participation and of the role citizens can play in a representative democracy. Citizen participation is seen more as a tool to reinforce the legitimacy of the representative system rather than a real way to effectively involve the citizens in political decisions. This unambitious conception of citizen participation promotes the development of other forms of political contributions. Facing the lack and the limits of participation, citizens are generating the conditions for their own participation. These “parallel” forms of participation show a desire to be more involved, and a need for a “real” democracy. The development of these forms of political protest question the legitimacy of the representative democracy, explaining why rulers appear to restrain them. Hence, the dichotomy between a need for more participation on one hand, and no willingness to implement more audacious procedures on the other, highlights the struggles of the actual representative system with the ideas of autonomy and democracy
Gombarino, Rutashigwa Faustin-Noël. "L' implantation missionnaire au Congo-RDC : de l' assistance à l'autonomie financière. Une approche socio-historique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H035/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses the missionary presence in the Democratic Republic of Congo under the Belgian rule towards the end of the Sixth Century. We seek to understand bow this Church came to be financially dependent by looking at the different causes or exogenous and endogenous as well as the roots of this phenomenon within the context of the colonial policy. From the beginning, it has received State subsidies and enjoyed other significant advantages including large tracts of land. Ever since the native hierarchy has taken over, i.e. as from the decolonization, this Church has been unable to support itself and has been obliged constantly seek external aid from western financial bodies in order to meet its needs. But in the light of the current western sociocultural context (decline of religious practices, financial crises worldwide ... ) such a financial extraversion is no longer comforting. Ali things considered, long accustomed as it was to be assisted, this Congolese Church now needs to develop a new course of action through which it will be able to find other means of self-support for its survival. The objective of this work is to show that there is potential at band, namely the mobilization and the rational management of the human and economic resources available, the cost-effectiveness of the production facilities inherited from the missionaries, but resting on a favourable national sociopolitical and economic environment and a change in the attitude of the parties involved
Figueroa, Marie-Thérèse. "De la transition vers la démocratie : cinq romanciers espagnols en quête d'un passé récent." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10109.
Full text"Transition to democracy" is a key period in the recent history of Spain. This thesis endeavours to treat this period through the study of six contemporary novels (either published during or after the transition), by authors who are very different: Josefina R. Aldecoa, Juan Luis Cebrián, Miguel Delibes, Eduardo Mendoza and Antonio Muñoz Molina.These novels look into a period that goes from the 1960s, an era called "Late Francoism", to 1986, the year Spain joined the EEC. Moreover, the choice of this periodisation is the subject of an introductory reflection. These authors offer contrasted visions of these political, economic and social upheavals in a comprehensive manner as well as a look at the two most sensitive autonomy movements in cultural and socio-political terms: the Basque Provinces and Catalonia.Beyond their perception of the historical context itself, they ponder the transmission from the past and memory as well as the concept of culture and the notion of individual and collective identity.The final reflection deals with the History-Literature mix. Are these two domains paradoxical or complementary? Finally, do these memory novels also not give an account of an individual and intimate sensitivity?
Girard, Charles. "L'idéal délibératif à l'épreuve des démocraties représentatives de masse : autonomie, bien commun et légitimité dans les théories contemporaines de la démocratie." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010707.
Full textLévesque, Annie. "La problématique de la démocratie dans les médias analysée selon la théorie de Cornélius Castoriadis." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25237/25237.pdf.
Full textZerari, Fathi. "L’autonomie des collectivités locales et les fondements du Conseil de la Nation en Algérie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0673/document.
Full textSince its independence in 1962, Algeria has opted for a decentralized organization ofthe state. The four constitutions of Algeria have all recognized this mode oforganization, leaving the task of defining its content to the parliament, composed ofone chamber, till 1996, when a second chamber, the ‘Council of the Nation’, wasinstituted. Since then, political and doctrinal debates on the foundations andusefulness of this parliamentary chamber have multiplied.This research tries to find a direct and determinant link between a degree ofautonomy of the local collectivities and the foundations of the Council of the Nation.The chosen approach is based on the interaction of structural and functionalelements of local collectivities and the central government from the independenceuntil now. In order to better perceive the particularities of the Algerian context, theresearch has taken into account the inspiring traditions as well as other experiencesthat have developed in similar circumstances.Along the research, we try to find out whether the institution of the Council of theNation is just a constitutional mimesis or can it be part of a genuine process ofdemocratic transition
Kernani, Samir. "Risques psychosociaux & démocratie organisationnelle : un observatoire pour l'Algérie." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1070/document.
Full textThese last years, Algeria began an ambitious national plan on housing construction of all types. For example, 1,6 million homes are registered for realization under the five-year period 2015-2019. However and due to lack of skilled labor, companies in charge to build these homes used a workforce from abroad: China, Japan, Spain, Egypt, etc. In front of this situation, it was noticed that the sector of building and public works currently represents about a third of occupational accidents and professional diseases at national scale. However, no indication is provided on the question of emergence of psychosocial risks due to the organization of work. This is why a study was initiated in this direction, of whom the realization of a doctoral thesis in France. This thesis thus consists in acquiring theories on psychosocial risks and those of organizations. To do this, it was necessary in particular to put the accent on history of these risks in Europe and especially in France, the agenda setting on the emergence of psychosocial risks, particularly via the case of suicides and suicide attempts at France Télécom. In this wake and dig on this question, we put two hypotheses of worsening of psychosocial risks. Firstly, psychosocial risks aggravate by imbalance between regulation of control (managerial) too high, and autonomous regulation (by workers who organize their activity of the way which seems the best indicated) in reference to the theory of J.D. Reynaud. In the second place, psychosocial risks aggravate by deficit of organizational democracy of participative form, which joins and completes the first hypothesis. That being said, we indicate that the chapter that we devoted to epistemology (six schemes of intelligibility of J.M. Berthelot, which were taken, amended and operationalized by Pascale De Rozario within the framework of the study of the phenomenon of suicide) allowed us to make the inventory of theories dedicated to psychosocial risks and to evaluate them taking into consideration model which they carry on the relation between organization and individual.It should also be noted that we opted for a constructivist approach, object of the last chapter of the thesis. While starting initially with a top-down approach; we took our review of theoretical literature (J.D. Reynaud, Marie-Hélène Bacqué, Yves Sintomer and others authors) and we confronted it with a practical and managerial review of 4 observatories (observatories analyzed with regard to the contents on diffused psychosocial risks and in the manners of which they diffuse, interpret, clarify the reports between psychosocial risks, organization and managerial regulation of the activity) and then we followed a bottom-up approach. And It's at this moment there that we made constructivism. This last chapter represents our theoretical, methodological and operational proposal once return in Algeria to initiate a national public policy of sensitizing, management and prevention of psychosocial risks, in particular with through the implementation of an observatory of psychosocial risks adapted to the sector of building and public works
Pang, Liang. "Le concept de souveraineté à l'époque moderne : autonomie et hétéronomie chez Hobbes et Rousseau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7202.
Full textThis doctoral thesis aims to study the philosophical attempt in the modern era that tries to reconcile the tension between the absolute sovereignty and the individual autonomy. In other words, is it possible to constitute the sovereign power without any dominion? Jean Bodin and Hugo Grotius provide the possibility to construct this supreme political power that is nonetheless non-absolutist and capable of protecting the freedom of the individual. These two thinkers propose the fundamental modern concepts such as sovereignty, citizenship, contract, subjective right, which indicate the maintenance of individual autonomy within the State. However, their theories of sovereignty are not entirely free from the model of dominion. This necessarily leads to the alienation of individual autonomy. Bodin's and Grotius's thoughts inspire Thomas Hobbes's reflections. By criticizing and inheriting the thoughts of his predecessors, the English philosopher, by his theory of social pact and authorization, succeeds in liberating man from all traditional dominion, and establishing a purely artificial political body whose person possesses the absolute sovereignty. At the same time, Hobbes's theory insists on the inalienability of individual's right, and conceives of his autonomy during the constitution of the State. Thus, individual right becomes the only legal source of sovereignty. However, Hobbes does not hide his preference for sovereign monarch, and it is the will of the latter that gives legitimacy to all actions of the subjects in their political life. In this regard, there is an actual return to the political heteronomy in Hobbes's theory. In order to safeguard individual's autonomy, Jean-Jacques Rousseau emphasizes the absoluteness and the inalienability of sovereignty of the people. The supreme power always belongs to and only belongs to the whole people, so that individual is free from any other individual or social dominion. Furthermore, by the principles of equality and generality, Rousseau's social contract protects individual against the dominion of the political body, because the latter is made up of individuals, and encroaching on individual's freedom undermines the sovereignty of the whole body. In this regard, the citizen turns out to be at least as free as the savage man in the state of nature. Nevertheless, this ideal theory encounters several difficulties when it is applied to the political reality: the direct democracy within the large modern State, the distinction between the general will and the particular one of all or of the majority, as well as the sacralization of the sovereignty of the people. In other words, there is an insurmountable gap between the theory and its execution in Rousseau's philosophy, which would lead to the actual dominion in the name of the sacred people over individual. In this regard, it would be conceivable to seek the sovereignty without dominion in the reflection and the modification of Hobbes's and Rousseau's theories. While retaining the absolute sovereignty of the people, which is inalienable and indivisible, the expression of individual's opinion, as well as his right to contest and resist, should and must be protected by law. This would lead only to the common good and to that of each individual
Arnaud, Daniel. "La République a-t-elle encore un sens ?" Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00448420.
Full textZarate, Pérez Anibal Rafael. "L'indépendance des autorités de concurrence, analyse comparative, Colombie, France, Etats-Unis." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020031/document.
Full textAlthough Competition Agencies‘ independence is commonly explained through the necessity of objective expert decision-making, such necessity is not sufficient to legitimize their isolation from the government. Absent of democratic foundations and in apparent contradiction with the principle of Separation of Powers, "Independent" Competition Agencies attain their legitimacy from the conjunction of multiple institutional guarantees, control mechanisms and procedures, none of which may overshadow the others. Any effort to determine the role that the idea of independence plays in the institutional design of Colombian competition agencies requires an examination of these guarantees and mechanisms, as well as a comparison of their status to that of French and American agencies; whose institutional arrangement has influenced the constitution of Colombian authorities. Whilst the components of the independence vary in every analyzed jurisdiction (as there is not a unique institutional scheme of ―Independent‖ Agency), this study reveals that certain institutional guarantees recognized to agencies in France and in the United States, which grant them vast discretionary decision-making power, are not present in the specific case of Colombian agencies. Assuring a higher level of independence for Colombian competition authorities, by conferring them some of these guarantees, lean on a simultaneous effort to reinforce control mechanisms, procedures and instruments for citizen participation in the regulatory process. The construction of the independence of Competition Agencies – in both its organizational and functional dimensions – commands the design of institutional constraints. Maintaining a balance over these constraints to agency discretion not only constitutes a source of legitimacy, but equally becomes an effective means to safeguard their independence from external factors
Zbyszewski, Jean. "La représentation d'un intérêt local autonome : le système de gouvernement municipal portugais." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D023.
Full textThe Portuguese Constitution grants a large autonomy to the local communities in the context of the State organisation. The Constitution recognizes a local interest regarding each local community, which exists alongside with the general interest and under the protection of the Constitution. The autarchy's interest is autonomous. The municipality bas a prominent role in the autarchy's organisation because of its competences and its singular functioning. Both organs are directly elected witch creates tension concerning their democratic legitimacy although the Constitution stipu1ates that the executive is accountable before the assembly. The Portuguese Constitution states that the municipal executive operates collectively, is elected by a proportional system and bas a president that is the first candidate in the most voted list. In fact, the Constitution and the law do not recognise him as an organ. Although he has vast competences, three of those competences make all the difference. They block the organ from operating collectively
Caumières, Philippe. "Le projet d’autonomie selon Cornelius Castoriadis." Paris 8, 2007. http://octaviana.fr/document/162088574#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textTo approach Cornelius Castoriadis’s work from the project of autonomy, we first have to try and grasp its coherence : it is abundant, it can seem heterogeneous, and claim to go beyond the opposition theory / practice, therefore it becomes clearer and organized as soon as we consider it according to this axis. The defended thesis here is that Castoriadis’s attention regarding the effectiveness of social and historical reality is inextricably linked to the question of autonomy, so that for him everything can and has to be understood from a basic question: How is autonomy possible ? A question which has to be understood according to the double meaning of the word “possible”: how could autonomy appear in history ? How can it be organized ? The first part of this work will try and show how the grasp of this problem leads Castoriadis to distance himself from Marxism; the second and third parts will respectively focus on these two questions
Juan, Maïté. "Sociologie des initiatives culturelles citoyennes : le pouvoir d'agir entre démocratie participative et économie solidaire." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1182.
Full textThrough the analysis of cultural citizens’ experiences – a cultural centre of comunity-based managment, a self-directed sociocultural centre and an association of artistic mediation – this thesis questions the capacity of citizens’ initiatives to constitute autonomous public spaces, as sources of creativity and resistance, of elaboration of critical discourses and construction of concrete alternatives. In front of the limits of institutional offer of participation, of entrepreneurial standardization of citizens’ initiatives and of commodification of the cultural field, this research investigates the various levers of the autonomy of public spaces of civil society, combining two main scales of analysis : the making of collective action (institutional, organizational, economic but also social and relational dimensions) and the relation to political institutions, through the tension between institutionalization and counter-power, domestication and institutional innovation. At the crossroads between economic and political sociology, the stakes of this thesis are to articulate participatory democracy and solidarity-based economy fields to understand the conditions of citizen autonomy, to enrich the Habermasian approach of « autonomous public spaces » but also to contribute to a sociology of emancipation that, without neglecting domination and reproduction processes, was able to enlighten critical and creative capacities of these popular public spaces
Sharapova-Hang, Olga. "L'autonomie fiscale des collectivités locales : l'analyse comparative de la France et de la Russie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=1037&f=14705.
Full textThe present thesis stresses on the tax autonomy of local self-government in France and in Russia; in other words, it focuses on their control of own taxation through the possibility of establishing local taxes representing a significant part of local budgets. Two different models of local tax autonomy "à la française" and "à la russe" are placed in a context of decentralization with variable extent for the countries under study since 1990s, but with a paradoxical tendency to the enlargement of the attributions of local authorities without equal growth of their financial resources. This thesis is not limited to a contemporary state because it also aims for a scrutiny of the evolution of local tax powers over time, namely since 1789 in France and 1861 in Russia. Indeed, the main goals of this study are to clarify the definition, or even the meaning of the tax autonomy of local self-government in France and in Russia, to analyze the situation in both countries in order not only to figure out similarities and divergences, but also to focus on the practical implementation of this notion and to assess its impact both for the State and for local authorities. These targets could not have been achieved without analyzing the origins and the premises of local tax autonomy. Using the picture of a building, the present thesis attempts to demonstrate how the French and Russian States with their local authorities established the foundations and erected the walls before devoting themselves to construct a more modern part of the building that would embody the autonomy of local self-government in issues of taxation. During the research, three main hypotheses emerge. So, for the period until 1917, this study tries to establish that contrary to the French departments and Russians zemstva born by the political will of the State, the primary character of municipalities in comparison with the State, as well as their durability in time, have to bring them to a real tax autonomy, the existence of which would be incontestable. Then, it suggests that this difference in terms of degrees of autonomy trailed off face to a growing socioeconomic weight of supra-municipal levels in both countries in the XX century and leaded to the appearance of significant tax autonomy of local authorities independently of their categories. Finally, the thesis suggests that starting from the 1980s/90s, in view of the new role of local self-government as a whole, the Russian and French States had to evolve towards a larger tax autonomy of local authorities. This research underlines the utopian character of any ideal model of local tax autonomy however searched (in vain) for a long time by various governments and political regimes in France and in Russia. Therefore, it has no ambition to elaborate an universal and "magical" recipe, to find a golden mean between the full absorption of local taxation by that one of the State and the complete, see anarchic, freedom of local self-government in issues of taxation. The analysis may finally encourage the emergence of ideas for improving the financial situation of local authorities in both studied countries
Maya, Antton. "La justice transtionnelle au-delà de la transition : le cas de la communauté autonome basque." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU2087.
Full textTransitional Justice aims at dealing with gross violations of human rights perpetrated during dictatorships or armed conflicts. It’s significant development since the beginning of the new millennial, lead to its quasi-systematic use during transitions toward peace and/or democracy, even outgrowing the temporal boundaries of transitions. Indeed, transitional justice has been used in cases where the transition had already happened, creating a need to adapt its tool to post-transition contexts. The case of the Basque Autonomous Community appears as a paradigmatic case of such development of transitional justice beyond transition. The diversity and complexity of politically motivated violence perpetrated on this territory (civil war, dictatorial repression, ETA’s terrorism and violence in the frame of anti-terrorism politics) and the continuum of violence despite and after the political transition toward democracy, create a specific challenge regarding the temporal delimitation of the transition itself. Nevertheless, this delayed transition toward peace does not preclude the use of transitional justice tools. Even though it exceeds the traditional definition of the concept and frames in time the legal and political context, transitional justice takes place decades after the transition and simultaneously aims to participate to the transition toward peace, without being explicitly recognized as such. This research studies this expenditure of transitional justice beyond transition to highlight the important discursive dimension of transitional justice as a concept which implies to identify it as a concrete legal mechanism. The present study participates in a necessary redefinition of transitional justice, whose scope of action appears nowadays almost infinite
Cretin, Sombardier Marie. "Deux pensées constitutionnelles révolutionnaires : Robespierre et Condorcet." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAA017.
Full textLike many French revolutionaries, Robespierre and Condorcet wish to break with the Ancien Régime (Old Regime) by acknowledging the natural sovereignty of the people and the natural rights of men. However, as asserted and consistent democrats, they stand out by presenting the need of a representative government, not as an end, but as a provisional step to men’s achievement of freedom and happiness. Convinced of a perfectible human nature, empowering man to become free and happy, the two revolutionaries are led to promote the idea of a perfectible right and a transitional constitution which can connect sovereignty of the people and government to progressive naturalization of institutions and men. The progress in self-constitution of popular sovereignty, supported by its temporary representatives, sets the conditions of society’s empowerment and paves the way to that of the individual by reconciling the State and the society
Lalaubie, Ludovic Delolm de. "A cidadania dos não cidadãos: estímulos à mobilização de pessoas em situação de exclusão a partir da experiência do Grupo Pé no Chão na cidade de Recife, Brasil." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17502.
Full textCette thèse porte sur la mobilisation des personnes en situation d exclusion en vue de la production de politiques publiques. Elle prend comme terrain empirique une ONG d éducation sociale de rue travaillant avec des enfants et adolescents de deux favelas de Recife au Brésil et mettant la citoyenneté comme axe central de son projet politicopédagogique. L observation montre que l ONG n est pas la seule à utiliser le terme de citoyenneté. Celui-ci est récupéré par de nombreux acteurs de la société civile et politique aux limites de la sur-utilisation. Nous faisons l hypothèse que la notion recouvre un ensemble d attentes espérées par le Brésil dans sa phase de redémocratisation et mises en échec par les politiques néolibérales. La première partie de la recherche s intéresse à la difficile mise en place des politiques publiques au Brésil. Elle l analyse principalement à partir de la réalité de la ville de Recife et de la place accordée aux enfants et adolescents. Partant du rôle joué par les ONG dans la redémocratisation du pays dans les années 1970 puis 1980, elle pointe leur affaiblissement politique. Partagées entre, d une part, l analyse marxiste de la société construite dans un rapport de domination et soumission entre classes et, d autre part, l intégration du courant néolibéral empruntant au modèle entrepreneurial et se mettant à distance de la dimension politique, les ONG ont souvent été réduites à suppléer aux insuffisances des politiques publiques, perdant leur force de transformation sociale. C est à partir de ce contexte que, dans la deuxième partie, nous allons chercher à reconstruire la notion de citoyenneté. Repartant des fondements de la citoyenneté, croisant les apports de différents auteurs avec le terrain empirique, nous mesurons tout à la fois la richesse du concept et sa complexité. Relevant plus précisément cinq paradoxes (la relation entre droits et devoirs, la construction du bien commun dans une opposition entre public et privé, la citoyenneté passive face à la citoyenneté active, l équilibre entre l individuel et le collectif, la reconnaissance de la différence dans une recherche de l égalité) nous reconstruisons la citoyenneté comme une notion en tension, dynamique, désignant davantage une utopie du vivre ensemble qu un état. A partir de cette approche de la citoyenneté, la troisième partie s intéresse au cadre de sa mise en oeuvre. Associée à la démocratie, nous la définissons comme un art du « vivre ensemble » supposant la reconnaissance d une communauté politique, au sens où elle ouvre à l expérience du « participable » et du « partageable ». L espace public devient un élément central autorisant l existence de communautés particulières et permettant ainsi de répondre aux besoins d assignation des individus et de diversité culturelle. L égalité et la liberté se construisent alors à partir de la notion de « parité de participation dans la vie sociale » en référence aux travaux de N. Fraser et amènent à considérer le concept de « capabilité » développé par A. Sen dans le cadre de l effective participation politique et des « accomplissements » dans l espace public. La conclusion pointe la nécessaire formation du « sujet-citoyen » que le Groupe Pé no Chão nous a aidée à concevoir et place la construction des identités comme élément de transformation sociale
Esta tese trata da mobilização de pessoas em situação de exclusão face à produção de políticas públicas. Toma como objeto empírico uma ONG de educação social de rua que atua com crianças e adolescentes de duas favelas de Recife, no Brasil, tendo a cidadania como eixo central de seu projeto político-pedagógico. A observação mostra que a ONG não é a única a utilizar o termo cidadania que é empregado por inúmeros atores da sociedade civil e política. Construimos a hipótese que essa noção recobre um conjunto de expectativas presentes no Brasil em sua fase de redemocratização e frustradas pelas políticas neioliberais. A primeira parte da pesquisa tem como foco a dificil efetivação das polítias públicas no Brasil. A análise é feita a partir da realidade da cidade de Recife e do lugar destinado á crianças e adolescentes. Partindo do papel assumido pelas ONGs na redemocratização do país, nos anos 1970 e 1980, a análise aponta seu enfraquecimento político. Divididas entre, de uma parte, a análise marxista da sociedade construída sobre as relações de dominação e submissão entre classes e, de outra parte, a integração da corrente neoliberal e o distancimanento da dimensão política, as ONGs foram frequentemente reduzidas à suplementação das insuficiências das políticas públicas, perdendo sua força de transformação social. É a partir desse contexto que, na segunda parte, procuramos reconstruir a noção de cidadania. Partindo dos fundamentos da cidadania, cruzando as constribuições de diferentes autores com o campo empírico, deparamo-nos com a riqueza desse conceito e sua complexidade. Salientando cinco paradoxos (a relação entre direitos e deveres, a construção do bem comum na relação entre o público e o privado, a cidadania passiva face à cidadania ativa, o equilibrio entre o individual e o coletivo, o reconhecimento da diferença na busca da igualdade) reconstruimos a cidadania como uma noção em tensão, dinâmica, designando mais uma utopia do viver junto do que um estado. Tomando como referencial esta aproximação da cidadania, a terceira parte se interessa pela sua efetivação. Associada à democracia, nos a definimos como uma arte do « viver junto », supondo o reconhecimento de uma comunidade política, no sentido de sua abertura à experiência de participação e partilha. O espaço público passa a ser um elemento central possibilitando a existência de comunidades particulares e permitindo, assim, responder às necessidades de comprometimento de individuos e à diversidade cultural. A igualdade e a liberdade se constróem então a partir da noção de « paridade de participação na vida social » conforme trabalhos de N. Fraser e levando consideração o conceito de capability de A. Sen no contexto da efetiva participação política na construção do espaço público. A conclusão aponta a necessidade de formação do « sujeito-cidadão » que o Grupo Pé no Chão nos ajudou a conceber e o lugar da construção das identidades como elemento de transformação social
Girard, Simon. "Nationalisme révolutionnaire et socialisation politique : le cas du PPA-MTLD dans l'ancien département d'Alger, 1943-1954." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070014.
Full textOur research studies the history of the Algerian People's Party-Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberty which was the main and most "radical" nationalistic party between 1943 and 1954 in the former « Departement d'Alger ». Chronologically speaking,1943 is the year in which the political activity restarted after the Allies' landing in North Africa and 1954 the year in which the Algerian Revolution started with the November the 1st uprising. Our research is divided into two main parts aiming at understanding a political party which developed a style of functioning and different means of action according to particular moments or according to the field where it spread its activity. Firstly, we performed a historical analysis in which we tried to reconstruct the historical facts in their chronological linking in order to understand the way the party evolved. Secondly,we tried to produce a socio-historical analysis aimed at studying the nationalistic « counter society » that the APP MTDL strived to build with its specific structures. This analysis has led to point out certain caracteristic features that are specific to the algerian revolutionnary nationalism
Septanaya, I. Dewa Made Frendika. "L’évolution de l’offre de logements bon marché dans les régions métropolitaines de Java (Jakarta et Surabaya)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL045.
Full textHousing is one of the basic needs, like food and clothing. However, the metropolitan areas of Jakarta (Jabodetabek) and Surabaya (Gerbangkertosusila) are dealing with a huge housing shortage. In 2015, the number of housing needs has reached 1, 02 million in the "Greater Jakarta" and 46.058 in the "Greater Surabaya". Due to this issue, the study firstly describes the imbalance between supply and demand of low-cost housing in these two metropolitan areas, and then the attempts of the various actors involved (public and private) to solve this problem since the nation’s independence era until the presents days (“Old Order”, “New Order”, and the “Reform/ Democratic decentralisation”). Secondly, this study explores different factors that interfere the supply of affordable housing during the era of "democratic decentralisation”. Finally, this study examines several multi-actors cooperation strategies that were adopted lately to reduce the housing shortage. These strategies seem promising because each actor are capable of sharing their roles so that the implementation of low-cost housing development projects can become more feasible, especially if they will be implemented in the large urban areas
Manga, Jean-Baptiste. "Le droit des peuples à disposer d'eux-mêmes en droit et en relations internationales contemporaines : etude comparée de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et du Nunavut." Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NCAL0052.
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Tranchant, Thibault. "Raison et création : le constructivisme et l’institutionnalisme postmétaphysiques de Cornelius Castoriadis." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S040/document.
Full textThe purpose of this doctoral thesis is to expose Castoriadis’ poïetical and institutional answer to the following question: how can we constitute a practical universality in a postmetaphysical context. Starting with a definition of political philosophy as the progressive and institutional objectification of reason, I first show how the modern radical critic of metaphysical thoughts and the modern emergence of a procedural conception of reason were both problematic for political philosophy. The thesis is then divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to Castoriadis’ philosophy and presents his own critics of metaphysical thinking, his ontology and his theory of knowledge. I then follow the interpretative thesis according to which Castoriadis’ philosophy can be characterized as an ''ontopoïetical pluralistic constructivism'' The second part is about his conception of practical reason, which I interpret as a “postmetaphysical institutionalism”. I conclude by showing that Castoriadis offers not only new mediations between politics and philosophy but also an original conception of practical universality in the history of political philosophy. Using a comparative method, I put forward Castoriadis’ thoughts through a comparison with other philosophies that share common problems and thesis, e.g. the Hegelian-Marxian tradition and the philosophies of difference
Kalimeri, Vasiliki. "Le Conseil de l'Europe et les collectivités territoriales : contribution à l'étude de l'autonomie locale." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D052.
Full textThe Council of Europe is the first international organization to have integrated the sub-state actor in its action. Through the European Conference of local authorities, which later became the Congress of local and regional authorities and which is a body that focuses entirely on issues at the sub-state level, the Council of Europe pays particular attention to local and regional authorities. In parallel, the Council of Europe has set up an intergoverrunental mechanism composed by ministerial committees and· conferences, which are in charge of local self-government and local democracy-related issues. It is only the European Court of human rights that seems to black access for territorial communities by assimilating them to goverrunental organizations and thus rejecting their appeals. However this is not the case for the European Union, which treats sub-state entities differently, depending on their appeal type. The Committee of the Regions, which is an equivalent organ to the Congress of local and regional authorities in the framework of the European Union, seems to be more interested in the financial aspects of regional development. Putting aside the institutional dimension of the Congress of local and regional authorities, the Council of Europe shows an important standard-setting activity by elaborating conventions conceming the territorial communities' issues and it places local self-government in the heart of diverse state policies. Thus, local self-government has become a multifaceted notion, the legal nature of which needs to be examined in order to explore the possibility of constituting a fundamental right requiring protection. Over time, the Council of Europe has developed concrete mechanisms to control the respect of the local self-government commitments made by the member-states
Bouet, Jean-Baptiste. "L'administration décentralisée du territoire : choix et perspectives ouverts sous la Cinquième République." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00331419.
Full textVarimelo, Arquimedes João F. "La décentralisation en Angola et au Mozambique : Du discours à la consécration juridique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0915/document.
Full textAfter adopting political centralization as a form of political and administrativeorganization, Angola and Mozambique made up on decentralization reforms as a largeprocess of administrative reform.This choice for decentralization reforms would be warranted, according to theprevailing discourse, mainly by political actors, by its capacity to address certainpolitical, social, economic and administrative problems that can be found in these twocountries.However, the synchronism between this discourse and the legal consecration ofdecentralization in these countries remains far from being a reality.Thus, this study analyzes the legal consecration of decentralization, taking into accountthe discourse of decentralization prevailing in both countries
Gillet, Olivier. "L'Eglise orthodoxe et l'Etat communiste roumain, 1948-1989: étude de l'idéologie de l'Eglise orthodoxe :entre traditions byzantines et national-communisme." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212518.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Sferlea, Elena. "L'évolution de l'administration locale : les cas de la Roumanie et de la France depuis le début des années 1990." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST2007.
Full textThis research focuses on the evolution of the local government in Romania and France since thebeginning of the 1990s. The study of different initial conditions in both countries has been followedby the analysis of the major developmental stages of the legal framework concerning localauthorities : the relatively recent accession to (for Romania) or reinforcement of (in France) theconstitutional status of the communities and the evolution of the law corpus operating the transferof competencies and resources for local communities. This analysis revealed a conception ofreforms that has many similarities, but also some different implementation. An evaluation of thelevel of decentralization achieved in the two countries has been undertaken in the light of thecriteria of the European Charter of Local Self-Government. It identified the progress made by eachcountry, but also the opportunities for improvement. In the end, it was found that beyond an initialcontext and particularities of the administrative map, beyond the different application of reforms,Romania and France show today a very similar degree of decentralization, broadly consistent withthe requirements of the Charter
Prémonville, de Maisonthou Antoine-Louis de. "Chronopathie. La crise mémorielle et ses lois dans l'Espagne contemporaine de 1931 à nos jours." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30032.
Full textOver the past decade, the question of Spanish historical memory has been debated a lot. Whereas the memory of the Spanish Civil War’s defeated had been kept silenced for years, nowadays, the story of direct witnesses – often told by themselves or their heirs – has become inevitable from a historical, cultural and political point of view (see the “historical memory” Act). Many best-selling books and box-office hit films dealing with this painful historical period have contributed to generalise some neglected events which had not always been properly transmitted to the younger generations. However, the memorial activism of various individuals is not unanimously accepted. Indeed, some people consider that such a revival of a painful past might pose a threat to a national harmony which was not easy to obtain. Others, belonging to the national fraction, feel directly accused by the late “triumph” of yesterday’s defeated. The frequent parallel drawn between the Civil War and a would-be fight of the “goods” against the “evils”, has fuelled a partisan debate at the expense of historical truth. The debate on historical memory has become so serious that some analysts do wonder if the Civil War is over or not. The evolution of historiography since 1931 is real, but it should not be explained exclusively by the biased opposition of the heirs of both camps. In fact, we have to take into account deeper reasons at the roots of the problem. The Spanish case cannot be dissociated from a European context, even if it has to be explained by its own particular reasons which affect many other knowledge domains
Beauregard, Raphaëlle. "Sécurité publique, démocratisation et autonomie de l'état : leçons du Salvador." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2169/1/M10909.pdf.
Full textSagnières, Louis. "La démocratie à l’heure de l’internet : autonomie politique, vie privée et espace public dans un environnement numérique." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13730.
Full textMy goal in this thesis is twofold. First I want to understand the impact the Internet can have on democracy, that is to say, I want to understand what this technology changes to democracy. In order to do this, it is necessary to possess a clear and precise conceptual framework of the meaning of democracy and to ground my analysis in empirical literature. Second, I want to give a normative account of what needs to be done to ensure that the impact of the Internet on democracy will stay positive. To accomplish these goals, one first needs to have a clear conception of democracy. That is why I will offer, in the first part of my thesis, an understanding of democracy as political autonomy. I will offer an analysis of this last concept in my first chapter. I will then analyze two of its central elements, namely privacy and public space. In the second part of my thesis, I will offer an analysis that is both precise and empirically grounded of the impact of the internet on these two elements, in order to present an argument that will not simply be a priori and speculative. It is important to notice that the conclusions that I reach are only of value if the Internet doesn't evolve. It is therefore quite possible that the internet ceases to allow for greater political autonomy as I explain in my second part. It is thus important to carry out the normative part of my project to identify to what extent it might be necessary to do something to ensure the positive impact of the Internet on political autonomy. So, in the last part of my thesis, I show that it is necessary to protect the non-discriminatory Internet architecture, but that it is not necessary to protect its generative ecosystem. I will conclude by showing the importance of providing all the elements of a digital literacy, if we want that all benefit from the opportunities offered by the Internet.
Esquivel-Sada, Daphne. "Un labo à soi : l’idéologie DIYbio de démocratie des biotechnologies et la conjonction entre facultés manuelles et autonomie." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20633.
Full textDavakan, Brice Armand. "Citoyenneté et identités comme enjeux d'une « démocratisation ancrée » en Afrique noire : illustration par les trois villes autonomes du Bénin." Thèse, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2042/1/D1791.pdf.
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