Dissertations / Theses: 'Autonomic changes'

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Nosakhare, Ehimwenma. "QT-interval adaptation to changes in autonomic balance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84865.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 93-98).
ECG variability, as it relates to the influence of the autonomic nervous system on the heart, is primarily studied via frequency-domain and time-domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). HRV studies the variability of the RR intervals in the ECG; these intervals are modulated by the autonomic influence on the periodicity of the the heart's pacemaker, the sino-atrial node. The autonomic influence at this level is dominated by the parasympathetic nervous system. In order to have a robust assessment of autonomic balance, there is a need for an ECG-based approach to assess the influence of the sympathetic nervous system. In this thesis, using spectral analysis, we quantify the variability of the QT interval, which is primarily modulated by the sympathetic nervous system. We also estimate the time constant of the sympathetic nervous system by least-squares fitting of the QT time series resulting from step perturbations in autonomic balance. This study is carried out on graded head-up tilt test data. Our results demonstrate the potential of QT interval variability as a non-invasive assessment of the sympathetic nervous system activity on the heart.
by Ehimwenma Nosakhare.
S.M.

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Lamensdorf, Angela Mona-Lisa. "Cardiovascular risk and autonomic changes during high and low affect provocations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28098.

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Does having a positive family history of essential hypertension predispose one to greater cardiovascular reactivity? Could reactivity be assessed with stress tasks that have greater external validity than traditional laboratory stressors? To answer these questions? 2b subjects with parental history of essential hypertension and 3b subjects without) were induced to converse with an experimenter on (a) a neutral topic (the weather)? and (b) an affective topic (a frustrating person or event). The topics were selected from a Iist of 2b because they had been rated by undergraduates as being the least and most arousing topics to talk about with a stranger in an experimental situation. The ratings yielded no interactions of sex of experimenter with sex of the subject. Subjects also performed a mental arithmetic task which is a standard laboratory stressor. The order of task presentation was randomly assigned within groups but matched across groups and sex to control sequence effects. For each subject? a 15-minute base I ine period was al lowed before each task. Readings of blood pressure? heart rate and rate of respiration were made at minute one? three? and five of each task phase. Each conversation task consisted of five minutes of talking followed by Iistening for five minutes to the experimenter. The tasks were separated by five-minute intervals to allow return to baseline levels. Results indicated that compared to individuals without parental history of hyper tension? individuals with parental history displayed higher levels of blood pressure (but not heart rate and rate of respiration) whether talking or listening. When peak values were considered; positive parental history subjects showed greater reactivity to the affective topic on diastolic blood pressure. The results also indicated that the three kinds of stressors yielded different levels of physiological responses with the math task and talk phase of the affect task yielding higher levels of blood pressure and heart rate than talk about the weather. The difference between the math and affective tasks was not significant on systolic blood pressure? but math yielded higher responses on heart rate and lower responses on diastolic blood pressure than talking about a frustrating event or person. These results suggest that a more generalizabIe stress stimulus such as an affect-laden conversation? can be reasonably standardized across subjects and elicits an aIpha-adrenergic vaso-constrictive response? a response more readily given by individuals with positive parental history than individuals without. The results also suggest that individuals with positive parental history of hypertension have higher blood pressure levels than individuals without. With respect to the similarity of the findings of this study? with those of other studies which have used older populations? it is proposed that these results are generalizable to older populations and provide evidence that a positive family history of essential hypertension may be considered a risk factor for later cardiovascular disease.
Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate

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Roshan, Moniri Nazanin. "Vascular changes in spinal cord injured animals with repetitive episodes of autonomic dysreflexia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43531.

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that not only leads to paralysis, but also causes dramatic changes in cardiovascular function. Individuals with cervical or high thoracic SCI commonly suffer from a life threatening condition known as autonomic dysreflexia (AD). AD is characterized by episodic hypertension─ an exaggerated sympathetic response triggered by irritating stimulus below the level of injury e.g. distended bladder. As a lifespan of SCI patients increases, cardiovascular-related illnesses become more prevalent. Recent studies suggest marked vascular dysfunction within the critical splanchnic vascular bed. Mesenteric arteries from rats with chronic high-thoracic SCI are hypersensitive to the α₁-adrenoceptor agonist PE. The hypersensitivity of splanchnic vascular bed in response to PE develops over time after SCI and may contribute to the development of AD. In this dissertation, I examined the morphological changes in peripheral vasculature following repetitive episodes of AD in animals with high SCI. I hypothesized that recurrent episodes of AD will trigger an inward eutrophic remodeling in peripheral resistance arteries of SCI rats. In this study, male Wistar rats with complete spinal cord transection at third (T3) thoracic segment were utilized. At 2 weeks after the injury, AD was induced in rats with T3 SCI using CRD. 4 weeks following injury superior mesenteric (SMA) arteries and primary branches (PMA) were collected from T3 SCI-only, T3+CRD and control uninjured rats. Morphological characteristics such as media thickness, lumen diameter, wall-to-lumen ratio and wall cross sectional area (CSA) of the arteries were evaluated. Results suggest that AD induced through CRD lead to structural remodeling of PMAs, but no changes were observed in SMAs of CRD group. Media thickness, wall-to-lumen ratio significantly increased in PMAs of CRD group; lumen diameter and CSA of PMAs in CRD did not change when compared to T3 SCI-only and uninjured groups. The data support eutrophic (no change in CSA) remodeling of PMAs in CRD group, but failed to show a reduction in lumen diameter (inward changes) of these arteries. The findings of the study highlight the underlying effect of AD on structural remodeling of vasculature following an injury.

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Zheng, Mei Mu Zi (Annie). "Above and below : changes in conduit artery after spinal cord injury, autonomic dysreflexia, and passive exercise." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59093.

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that not only results in motor and sensory loss, but also autonomic dysfunctions. Individuals with SCI experience a 3-4 fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of mortality in this population. Endothelial dysfunction is among the earliest markers of CVD progression. This thesis aims to: 1) clarify previous reports showing a counterintuitive improvement in endothelial function after SCI, 2) examine the effect of autonomic dysreflexia (AD) on conduit vasculature, and 3) assess the efficacy of passive exercise (PE) to reverse vascular dysfunction. In uninjured controls (CON), T3-complete spinal cord transected Wistar rats (SCI), T3-transected with induced AD by colorectal distension (SCI+CRD), and T3-transected with PE (SCI+PE), we assessed endothelium-dependent vasodilation and specific mechanisms for relaxation in brachial (BA) and femoral artery (FA) using wire-myography. Sympathetic innervation, mechanotransducer expression [transient receptor potential channel V4 (TRPV4)], arterial morphology, and profibrotic markers were assessed using immunohistochemistry. Impaired reactivity to acetylcholine was seen in FA after SCI via decreased contribution of endothelium dependent hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) mediated pathways, while BA showed preserved endothelial function. Moreover, FA in SCI exhibited inward remodelling, 37.7% less sympathetic nerve fiber density, and increased collagen I expression (53.0%). Chronic repetitive AD resulted in a shift in vasodilatory mechanisms away from nitric oxide and towards EDHF, hypersensitivity to phenylephrine, and reduced elastin expression (13.9%). Passive hind-limb exercise after SCI led to improved sensitivity of FA to acetylcholine, through an increase in TRPV4 and prostacyclin-mediated pathways for vasodilation. Outward remodelling, as well as decreased expression of transforming growth factor beta (47.7%) and collagen I (39.0%) was seen in FA after PE. We have shown, for the first time, the expected endothelial dysfunction in the inactive/supraspinally disrupted FA after SCI and that chronic repetitive AD resulted in exacerbation of vascular dysfunction caudal to injury. Furthermore, PE was effective in reversing endothelial dysfunction and provided atheroprotective benefit, indicating PE may be a viable therapeutic intervention for preventing CVD after SCI. The observed changes provide insight into the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and possible directions on improvement of vascular health after SCI.
Medicine, Faculty of
Graduate

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Reeder, Matthew, and res cand@acu edu au. "The Emotional Congruence of Experience and Bodily Change." Australian Catholic University. School of Psychology, 2001. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp10.09042006.

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This study examined the association of the experience of emotion and somatic changes. The study compared reported somatic changes generally experienced when anxious with the actual association of the experience of emotion and somatic changes as measured during a specific event. Emotions were measured as both general negative emotion as well as specific emotions: anger, disgust, fear, sadness and shame. Participants were volunteers from a Victorian university who agreed to watch a video depicting the dramatisation of child abuse. Throughout the video, participants indicated their experience of emotion. Measures were also taken throughout the procedure of facial expression and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR). In order to examine emotional-congruence, subjects were divided into three groups. These groups were divided according to the congruence of subjects’ experienced emotion with autonomic changes and facial expressivity. Groups were divided separately for each of the emotion types. Where there was little difference between the reported experience of emotion and that, which would have been expected from the observed somatic changes, the subject was deemed to be in the Congruent Group. Subjects whose reported experience of emotion was greater or less than would be expected from observed somatic changes were allocated to the Over-reporter and Under-Reporter Groups respectively. This data was then compared to participants’ reports of the number of somatic symptoms usually experienced when anxious. It was found that participants who under-report the experience of general negative-emotion compared with their observed somatic changes (both GSR and facial expressivity) had lower trait-somatic-anxiety (reported fewer somatic symptoms usually experienced when anxious). There was no significant difference between the Congruent Group and Over-Reporter Group. The Under-Reporter Groups had significantly lower trait-somatic-anxiety than the Congruent Group when emotional-congruence was defined by fear and GSR, anger and GSR and sadness and facial expressivity. The actual association of shame and disgust with either somatic change, sadness with autonomic change and anger and fear with facial expressivity was unrelated to the number of somatic symptoms reported to be usually experienced when anxious. The results supported the idea that subjective reports of the number of somatic symptoms reported to be usually experienced when anxious reflect the actual association of somatic change and experience, but with limitations. The actual association of experience of fear with autonomic change seems to reflect the number of somatic symptoms reported to be usually experienced when anxious more than other emotions. Further for those for whom the experience of anger and negative-emotion has a greater association with somatic change, there was a greater number of somatic symptoms reported to be usually experienced when anxious. This would suggest that some people have a greater association of some experiences of emotion and somatic change. Furthermore, while there is an association between reported somatic changes generally experienced when anxious with the actual association of the experience of emotion and somatic changes as measured during a specific event, this was dependant on the association of the emotion types rather than being generalised for all emotions.

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Shiraiwa, Keigo. "Changes in electroencephalography and cardiac autonomic function during craft activities : experimental evidence for the effectiveness of occupational therapy." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263589.

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Jokinen, V. (Vesa). "Longitudinal changes and prognostic significance of cardiovascular autonomic regulation assessed by heart rate variability and analysis of non-linear heart rate dynamics." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2003. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514272005.

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Abstract Several studies have shown that altered cardiovascular autonomic regulation is associated with hypertension, diabetes, aging, angiographic severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), and increased mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The purpose of this study was to assess the temporal changes and prognostic significance of various measures of heart rate (HR) behaviour and their possible associations to coronary risk variables, and the progression of CAD in different populations. This study comprised five patient populations. The first consisted of 305 patients with recent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and lipid abnormalities, the second of 109 male patients with recent CABG, the third of 53 type II diabetic patients with CAD, the fourth of 600 patients with recent AMI, and the fifth of 41 elderly subjects. HR variability and non-linear measures of HR dynamics were analysed. Among the patients with prior CABG, a significant correlation existed between the baseline HR variability (standard deviation of N-N intervals, SDNN) and the progression of CAD (r = 0.26, p < 0.001)). In the longitudinal study of patients with prior CABG, only the fractal indexes of HR dynamics, such as the power law slope (β) and the short-term fractal exponent (α1), decreased significantly. In diabetic patients, SDNN decreased significantly (p < 0.001) during the three-year period. The reduction of SDNN was related to cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels, and also to progression of CAD (r = 0.36, p < 0.01). In the longitudinal follow-up study of patients with recent AMI, reduced fractal indices (α1 and β), and reduced HR turbulence predicted cardiac death when measured at the convalescent phase after AMI. Reduced β and turbulence slope predicted cardiac death when measured at 12 months after AMI. In the elderly population, β (p < 0.001) and α1 (p < 0.01) reduced significantly. Low-frequency power spectra were the only traditional measure of HR variability that decreased significantly during the 16-year period. HR variability is associated with many risk factors of atherosclerosis and with progression of CAD among patients with ischemic heart disease. Fractal HR dynamics are more sensitively able to detect age-related changes in cardiovascular autonomic regulation. Altered fractal HR dynamics and HR turbulence are associated with increased mortality after AMI.

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Cassam, Aly K. "Characterization of changes in dopamine ß-hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y, substance P and growth associated protein-43 expression in spinal autonomic nuclei after spinal cord injury." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21083.pdf.

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Zhang, Hongling. "Sigma Receptors Modulation of Voltage-gated Ion Channels in Rat Autonomic Neurons." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001183.

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Krishnan, Binu. "Hypothalamic and autonomic responses to change in glucose homeostasis." Thesis, Exeter and Plymouth Peninsula Medical School, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.544012.

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Matos, Dora Luísa Nunes de Lima Inácio de. "Autonomia, administração e gestão dos estabelecimentos públicos da educação : novo modelo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21005.

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Com esta investigação pretende-se fazer uma abordagem do impacto do novo modelo de Autonomia, Administração e Gestão dos Estabelecimentos Públicos da Educação na comunidade educativa e analisar a sua contribuição para a melhoria do funcionamento destes Estabelecimentos e para o sistema de ensino. Uma vez que este novo modelo provoca alterações profundas na Administração e Gestão dos Estabelecimentos Públicos da Educação, é importante analisar se essas alterações vão de encontro às expectativas dos intervenientes, às necessidades de adaptação ao meio em que estes se encontram inseridos e à nova realidade global. – ABSTRACT: The propose of this research is the approach of the impact of the new model of Autonomy, Administration and Management of the Public Buildings of the Education in the educative community and to analyze its contribution for the improvement of the functioning of these Establishments and for the educational system. Since this new model leads to deep changes in the Administration and Management of the Public Buildings of the Education, it is important to analyze if these changes are according to the expectations of the intervenient and to the necessities of adaptation to its environment and to the new global reality.

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Akour, Mohammed Abd Alwahab. "Towards Change Propagating Test Models In Autonomic and Adaptive Systems." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26504.

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The major motivation for self-adaptive computing systems is the self-adjustment of the software according to a changing environment. Adaptive computing systems can add, remove, and replace their own components in response to changes in the system itself and in the operating environment of a software system. Although these systems may provide a certain degree of confidence against new environments, their structural and behavioral changes should be validated after adaptation occurs at runtime. Testing dynamically adaptive systems is extremely challenging because both the structure and behavior of the system may change during its execution. After self adaptation occurs in autonomic software, new components may be integrated to the software system. When new components are incorporated, testing them becomes vital phase for ensuring that they will interact and behave as expected. When self adaptation is about removing existing components, a predefined test set may no longer be applicable due to changes in the program structure. Investigating techniques for dynamically updating regression tests after adaptation is therefore necessary to ensure such approaches can be applied in practice. We propose a model-driven approach that is based on change propagation for synchronizing a runtime test model for a software system with the model of its component structure after dynamic adaptation. A workflow and meta-model to support the approach was provided, referred to as Test Information Propagation (TIP). To demonstrate TIP, a prototype was developed that simulates a reductive and additive change to an autonomic, service-oriented healthcare application. To demonstrate the generalization of our TIP approach to be instantiated into the domain of up-to-date runtime testing for self-adaptive software systems, the TIP approach was applied to the self-adaptive JPacman 3.0 system. To measure the accuracy of the TIP engine, we consider and compare the work of a developer who manually identifyied changes that should be performed to update the test model after self-adaptation occurs in self-adaptive systems in our study. The experiments show how TIP is highly accurate for reductive change propagation across self-adaptive systems. Promising results have been achieved in simulating the additive changes as well.

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Viegas, Otávio Macedo. "Change over continuity? An analysis of Brazilian foreign policy during President Lula\'s years (2003-2010)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/101/101131/tde-29102013-182935/.

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Since the first months of Lula da Silva\'s presidency, Brazil adopted a more assertive stance in its foreign policy. A number of recent papers and books have emphasized one aspect of change in the country\'s strategy of external insertion, during President Lula\'s two terms in office (2003-2010): autonomy played a central role in the framing of Brazilian interests in global affairs. Chapter 1 reviews the literature on Brazilian foreign policy during that period, taking into account the following dimensions: a) the concept of autonomy; b) the return of the autonomist group to Itamaraty and the erosion of the ministry\'s monopoly in foreign policy-making; c) the links between regional leadership and a more autonomous stance in international politics. The goal of chapter 2 is to make an analysis of Brazilian foreign policy during President Lula\'s years (2003-2010) and is divided in two parts, besides the introduction and the conclusion. In the first section I initially discuss the concepts of middle-power and autonomy, then proceed to an overview of Brazil\'s foreign policy in the period. In the second section I analyze the country\'s quest for autonomy during President Lula\'s government, emphasizing the aspect of change in diplomatic stances during his second term. I argue that adjustment and program changes took place in this period and also discuss structural challenges affecting Brazil today.
Desde os primeiros meses da presidência de Lula da Silva, o Brasil adotou uma postura mais assertiva em sua política externa. Artigos e livros recentes têm enfatizado um aspecto de mudança na estratégia de inserção externa do país durante os dois mandatos de Lula: a autonomia desempenhou um papel central na configuração dos interesses Brasileiros em relações internacionais. O capítulo 1 desta dissertação revisa a literatura sobre política externa brasileira naquele período, levando em consideração as seguintes dimensões: a) o conceito de autonomia; b) o retorno do grupo autonomista ao Itamaraty e a erosão do monopólio desse ministério em assuntos de política externa; c) os nexos entre liderança regional e uma postura mais autônoma em política internacional. O objetivo do capítulo 2 é fazer uma análise da política externa brasileira durante os anos do Presidente Lula (2003-2010) e está dividido em duas partes, além da introdução e da conclusão. Na primeira seção eu inicialmente discuto os conceitos de potência média e de autonomia, e em seguida traço um panorama da política externa do Brasil no período. Na segunda seção é feita uma análise da busca do país por autonomia, enfatizando o aspecto de mudança nas posturas diplomáticas durante os anos 2007-2010. Argumenta-se que mudanças de ajuste e de programa ocorreram nesse período e também discutem-se desafios estruturais que afetam o Brasil hoje.

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Choi, Seunghee. "Do Technological Changes and Organizational Context Affect Job Autonomy?" NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04272005-183941/.

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This paper examines when jobs are autonomous in the labor process and under what kinds of circumstances workers achieve more control of their work process. The degree of skill, technology, and bureaucratization are addressed in previous literatures and are analyzed in this paper as sources of variation in work autonomy. The data employed for this study is the 2002 Australian National Organizations Survey, and the research target is core jobs, defined as jobs directly related to the primary product or service of the organizations. Ordinal Logistic regression is employed for this study and result shows that information based technology increase job autonomy for jobs that require higher education. Also, formalized jobs are likely to have less job autonomy. More generally, findings suggest that job autonomy is contingent on relative power in the labor process and that formalization is primarily a control device at least relative to the labor process.

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Walker, Earnest. "Directing Effective Change: The Autonomy of the Tennessee Superintendent." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1994. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2819.

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The problem was to determine certain factors which are perceived to limit the freedom superintendents have to implement change effectively. The purpose of the study was to determine the degree of autonomy with which superintendents in Tennessee may effectively make decisions regarding educational change. There are 138 public school superintendents, of which 132 (96%) participated in this study. The research was of a descriptive nature and utilized data gathered from a survey instrument constructed by the researcher. A questionnaire developed by Dr. John T. Haro in 1990 for a similar study in California was used as a basis for the development of the instrument to measure the factors that limit the superintendent's freedom to effect change. Additionally, the variables of the school district, the superintendent's demographic data, and the superintendent's relationship with various constituencies were examined. Once the instrument was altered, it was reviewed by eleven former school superintendents for further modification. The new instrument was then piloted with 15 assistant superintendents to complete the validation process. Findings include the following. More than 90% of the respondents reported having moderate to much freedom in effecting school district change. The values of the community had the most influence on the freedom to implement change of any variable, while school boards provided the most support for change. Superintendents with less than 10 years of experience reported that they were less free to implement change than were their peers with 11 to 20 years of experience. Superintendents with master's degrees considered site level administrators to be less limiting to change than did those with master's degrees plus. Superintendents from urban, suburban, and rural settings offered no significant difference in their response to the survey.

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Aeni, Eni Nur. "Human resource management change: a respond to institutional autonomy." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16204.

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Wolfe, Dianna K. "Autonomy : behavior change in nurses after continuing professional education program." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1159137.

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The purpose of the study was to determine how participation in a three and one-half hour continuing professional education program (CPE) influenced the nursing practice of 51 nurses three months later. The study sample was 45 staff nurses and six nurse managers.Four variables were measured using questionnaires before, immediately after, and three months after the CPE program. The variables measured were (a)"the characteristics of continuing professional education program, (b) the characteristics of individual professional, (c) the nature of the proposed change, and (d) the social system in which the professional must implement the behavior change" (Cervero, 1985, p.87). Qualitative data were collected using open-ended statements to ascertain how the content of the CPE program was useful in practice. Nurse managers were surveyed to ascertain their judgements about autonomy and empowerment levels of the nurses.Findings revealed significant positive relationship between behavior change, autonomy, and the variables the nature of the proposed change, empowerment, and the motivational levels of the 51 nurses. Characteristics of the social system and the CPE program were not found to be significantly related to behavior change. No significant differences were found between motivation levels of participants from before the CPE to three months later.Responses to the open-ended statements revealed four themes: the importance nurses placed on meeting the needs of patients, nurses were flexible and accepted change, nurses had positive perceptions about nursing, and nurses felt frustrated and inadequate. Judgements revealed in the responses of the nurse managers before and three months after the CPE program have significant implications for nurse managers when attempting to change nursing practice.
Department of Educational Leadership

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VENON, CHRISTINE. "Regime de change, mobilite des capitaux et autonomie des politiques monetaires. Elements d analyse." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL12013.

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Contrairement a ce qu avancent les theories et les modeles de la macroeconomie "standard", et en particulier les modeles type mundell-fleming, un reexamen empirique et theorique de l influence du regime de change sur l autonomie des politiques monetaires conduit a formuler les conclusions suivantes. Les caracteristiques de fonctionnement du marche des changes sous le regime de flottement des monnaies imposent aux politiques monetaires nationales une contrainte externe difficilement gerable par les banques centrales ; en regime de changes fixes, l interdependance des politiques monetaires est de nature differente et peut etre benefique, comme le suggere l experience du systeme monetaire europeen
Contrary to what is expounted by the theories and models of the "standard" macroeconomy, and specially the mundell-fleming-like models, an empirical and theorical reexamination of the influence of the exchange-rate regime on the monetary policies autonomy leads to settle the following conclusions. The characteristics of the foreign exchange market operation under the floating exchange-rate regime impose to the domestic monetary policies an external constraint which the central banks meet some difficulties to manage ; under fixed exchange-rate regime, the interdependence between the monetary policies is of a different nature and may be @profitable, as put forward by the experience of the european monetary system

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Cosson, Arnaud. "Réformateurs au quotidien : approche sociologique du travail de réforme dans la mise en œuvre d’une nouvelle loi sur les parcs nationaux." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0031/document.

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Au croisement de la sociologie du changement institutionnel, du travail administratif et de l’action publique environnementale, notre thèse appréhende de façon originale la question de l’autonomie du réformateur à partir d’un suivi ethnographique sur six ans du travail quotidien de cadres intermédiaires de l’administration responsables de la mise en œuvre d’une réforme des politiques territoriales de la nature : les directeurs de parcs nationaux. Après avoir démontré empiriquement, puis théoriquement à partir de leurs spécificités, l’inertie institutionnelle particulièrement forte de ces politiques publiques, nous soutenons la thèse suivante : même dans un contexte fortement contraint, l’autonomie du réformateur existe mais n'est jamais donnée ni acquise. Elle dépend étroitement de la pratique quotidienne du travail de réforme. Le réformateur doit la construire et l’entretenir. Certaines phases de la trajectoire de transformation institutionnelle s’avèrent cruciales pour cela : son démarrage et de courtes parenthèses où le réformateur peut travailler à ce que la dynamique du processus de réforme lui-même contraste fortement avec l’inertie de la politique publique. La gestion du processus de réforme, plus que sa substance, est ainsi au cœur de la construction de l’autonomie du réformateur et de l’ouverture d’une trajectoire d’innovation. Nous en montrons les modalités pratiques autour d’un travail d’interprétation, de composition et de modélisation par lequel la lecture de l’action en cours se fait de plus en plus à travers le prisme de l’expérience collective récente (de mise en œuvre de la réforme) et moins à travers celui de l’histoire lointaine sur lequel se fonde l’inertie institutionnelle
Our research work brings together sociology of institutional change, studies of administrative work and studies of environmental policies. Drawing on a six years ethnographical study, we document the daily activities of directors of national parks (i.e. middle managers in French administration) in charge of implementing in new law to reform this nature conservation policy. We address the issue of reformer’s autonomy. We demonstrate empirically, then theoretically, that national parks, and more generally nature conservation policies, features high institutional inertia. Then we argue that, even in a context including strong constraints, reformers have autonomy. Yet autonomy is never pre-given nor can be taken for granted. It closely depends on reformers’ daily practices. Reformers need to build and to maintain their autonomy. Certain stages in institutional change linked to the implementation of the reform are critical to achieve this : the beginning of the reform process and then short periods when reformers can work to ensure that the dynamics of the reform process itself depart strongly from the usual inertia mechanisms of the public policy. Thus, the management of the reform process, more than its substance, is at the heart of the building of reformers’ autonomy and opens up a space for institutional innovation. We document the practical modalities of reformers’ work of interpretation, of composition and of modeling which contribute to the fact that ongoing action is increasingly being considered through the lens of the recent collective experience (since the beginning of the reform) rather than through the lens of the distant history on which institutional inertia is based

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Shangase, Generous Mabutho. "Stability and change in South African public policy, 1994-2014." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31023.

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This thesis narrates the exercise of state autonomy to achieve macro-economic stability and effect incremental policy change in South Africa between 1994 and 2014. Employing a composite case study of the macro-economic policy framework; the Growth Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) (1996) strategy, and two micro policies, Free Basic Electricity (FBE) (2003) and No Fee Schools (NFS) (2006), it demonstrates how the post-apartheid state introduced reforms at macro and micro policy levels. Taking a historical institutionalist approach, it emphasizes the importance of ideas, context, configurations, temporal arguments and path-dependence to recount a story of policy change. The main sources of evidence comprise semi-structured elite interviews conducted with senior politicians, public servants, trade unionists and academic researchers as well as secondary data such as Hansard, government documents and other research reports. Data collection in South Africa was undertaken over a period of twelve months across various sites such as state departments, parliament, the South African Reserve Bank, university libraries, municipalities, private companies, parastatals and schools in the Gauteng Province. The context of transition from apartheid to a democratic dispensation, 1990-1994, with the negotiation processes forms a backdrop to the study whereby compromises and important policy choices set the scene for the formulation of new policy infrastructure culminating in GEAR in 1996. The implementation of GEAR in 1996 and the achievement of macroeconomic stability in turn prepared the ground for intervention at micro policy level. Consequently the introduction of incremental policy change through micro policies such as FBE (2003) and NFS (2006) became possible. Importantly this thesis reveals that whilst incremental policy change has been achievable, it is not totally transformative but rather built upon policy legacies as it proffers gradual adjustments which do not reverse earlier policy decisions and compromises nor effect fundamental change. Nevertheless, even in a difficult international and domestic environment, the South African state has shown a capacity to initiate and sustain incremental change in key areas of public policy.

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Luo, Wenen, and 罗文恩. "From dependence to autonomy?: institutional change and the evolution of charitable GONGOs in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48330024.

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With the rapid expansion of the state- led philanthropy sector over the past decade, charitable GONGOs have become salient players in China’s third sector. These organizations have acted as “transmission belts” between the state and society by placing government demands in the first priority and posed no challenges to the political hierarchy. However, several events occurring after the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake implied that charitable GONGOs began to secure an independent identity in pursuit of their own interests. I argue that traditional analytical frameworks to address state-society relations in China, namely civil society and corporatist approach, cannot fully explain this new phenomenon. Thus I propose a two- level institutional change model to explore why and how charitable GONGOs began to pursue an independent identity. At the societal level, three institutional sources are identified which are driving charitable GONGOs to detach themselves from the government: functional, legitimization and political pressure. At the organizational level, I argue that charitable GONGOs will adopt divergent strategies to pursue autonomy, and propose three interrelated propositions to explain their choices. The research methods used in this thesis include macro-historical analysis and the case study. In regard to the former, I review the laws, regulations, policies, past significant events and statistical data related to the philanthropy sector to explore how the change of general social context exerts impact on charitable GONGOs. I then use the China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation and China Charity Federation as cases to analyze why and how charitable GONGOs have devised divergent strategies to secure organizational autonomy. This study discloses that with the notable change in the economic, social and political environment; charitable GONGOs are encountering three institutional pressures to separate themselves from the government. First, functional pressure derived from the rise of new donors and private foundations. Second, the past malpractices of charitable GONGOs, including the administrative fundraising campaign, the “black box” in operation and corruption, which have severely undermined public trust and generates legitimization pressure. In addition, they have also faced political pressure to transform. The case studies find that two typical strategies are adopted by charitable GONGOs to pursue organizational autonomy. One strategy is to initiate a “de-bureaucratization” reform to transform from semi-governmental organizations to true NGOs, while the other is to pursue symbolic independence without a substantial shift of their close relationship to the government. In addition, institutional entrepreneurs holding a positive attitude towards their autonomy played a pivotal role on the different strategic choices, and the feedback effect reinforced the choices made at critical junctures. Given that only a few charitable GONGOs have changed into autonomous NGOs to date, it is still too early to say that a civil society is taking shape in top-down manner. Nevertheless, we should not overlook that there is increasingly visible tension between the publics’ expectation and the inert political system. If the reformist elites and leaders of the party-state reach a consensus on the relations between the government and social organizations, the future of civil society in China will become a little brighter.
published_or_final_version
Politics and Public Administration
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Johnston, Anne E. "The culture change movement in Ohio's nursing homes." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1185470927.

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de, Haas Sara. "Riksrevisionens kris 2016 : Ett fall av bristande förändringsarbete och ledarskap som hot mot professionens autonomi." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-363125.

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In 2016, the three Auditors General of the Swedish National Audit Office asked to be relieved of their positions after a period of intense criticism in the media. Swedish journalists had revealed that they all three had acted in ways that were not compatible with the office, and even in some cases against anti-corruption rules. However, it was also revealed that the staff resistance to the organisational change brought about by the three auditors had also contributed to the ongoing conflict within the agency. This paper aims to deepen the understanding of the situation within the agency and of how the change management methods used caused a conflict between the staff and the organisational leadership. I look into how the organisational transformation was accomplished and what the consequences were for performance auditors as a profession. The material consists primarily of interviews with employees of the performance audit department of the Swedish National Audit Office, and has been supplemented with independent audits of the organisational change within the agency and with media coverage. The material is analysed from the perspective of theories of change management as well as professionalism and new managerialism. The analysis of the gathered materials demonstrates that the change management and the resulting new working situation for the performance auditors was brought about through a leadership that ran roughshod over the professional needs and complaints of the performance auditors. It is highly likely that this is the critical reason for the crisis that occurred within the institution and later led to the resignation of the Auditors General. It seems, in fact, that the employees of the agency turned to media with compromising information because they wished to remove the leadership for other reasons. The outside pressure and lack of support from within the organisation made it then impossible for the auditors to continue in their positions.

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Mullins, Eddie. "The process of the law of attraction and the 3rd law, law of allowing." Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008mullinse.pdf.

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Hanitra, Rasoanampoizina. ""Political changes and access policies in Malagasy Higher Education since independence (1960-2008)"." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2510_1337936110.

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The objective of this research was to investigate the relationships between the political change and the access policy changes in Madagascar since independence. In this study qualitative and quantitative data were used. The qualitative research consisted of eleven in-depth interviews and the collection of policy documents from 1960 to 2008. Open-ended questionnaires were utilized to collect data and to achieve the objectives of the research. Policy documents were analyzed to identify government policy changes. The main findings from the research showed that access policy changed with each major change in political leadership. Four major political periods and four respective main access policy changes were identified from 1960 to 2008. Higher education policy in general changed when there was a major change in presidential leadership. The main conclusions of this study were that access policy changes were the result of major changes in presidential leadership and that in spite of rhetoric to the contrary, universities did not have the autonomy to resist changes in access policy because of the top-down state system and the institutional financial dependence on the national government.

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Brown, Rosemarie Ann. "Food Autonomy: The Paradox to Cereal-Based Food Choice." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16103/.

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Certain aspects of our modern diet have been implicated in thedevelopment of non-communicable diseases. For instance, energyconsumed in excess of an individual's physiological requirements maylead to an increased risk of obesity, diabetes mellitus, gall bladder disease,coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, and possibly some cancers.Although many of these diet-related diseases can be controlled by modernmedicine, they cannot be cured. Instead, prevention through public healthstrategies is the only satisfactory solution. One of the major strategies forprevention of diet-related diseases in Australia is to modify the nationaldiet (Rogers 1987). In April 1979, the Commonwealth Department of Health responded to theWorld Health Organisation's call for the development of national food andnutrition polices by proposing the Dietary Guidelines for Australians. "TheDietary Guidelines for Australians provide advice to the general populationabout healthy food choices, so that their usual diet contributes to ahealthy life-style and is consistent with minimal risk for the developmentof diet-related diseases" (National Health and Medical Research Council1992:ix). However, in order to achieve the aim of the dietary guidelines,supporting educational programs are required. This is because it isbelieved that as consumers become more informed about food, nutrition,health, and the dietary guidelines, they are more likely to begin changingtheir diet in the directions recommended by the CommonwealthDepartment of Health and Family Services (1998a). Public health professionals believe that behaviour-change theories arebeneficial in gaining an understanding of the evolution of peoples' foodand nutrition behaviours. Behaviour-change theories are typicallyintegrated into dietary interventions as a means of educating theAustralian population about healthy food choices. However, attempts tochange Australians' food and nutrition behaviours by applying behaviour-change theories have been adiaphorous. Therefore, public health professionals need to explore traditional food and nutrition practices inorder to determine more effective dietary change strategies for the Australian population. Qualitative research is complementary to existing quantitative studies onbehaviour-change. Since qualitative methodologies focus on the whole ofhuman experience and the meaning ascribed by individuals living theexperience, these methodologies permit broader understanding and deeperinsight into complex human behaviours such as food consumption thanwhat might be obtained from grossly measured quantitativeclassifications. Grounded theory was the qualitative methodology chosenfor this study because it allowed me to theorise about the rationale forconsumers' current food choices. Bread and Cereal consumption waschosen as an important staple food group in which to explore thisphenomenon. Thus, this research was designed to discover, understand,and theorise about the rationale for consumers' current Bread and Cerealfood choices. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with22 participants living in South-East Queensland. Adult males and femalesfrom three-generational families of varying ethnicity were recruited frommy personal network of associates. Interviews were analysed usinggrounded theory methodology for data analysis. The resulting Grounded Substantive Theory of Food Autonomy posits thatconsumers have different levels of power when it comes to selecting theBreads and Cereals they want to eat and that their power to choose themis governed by micro- and macroenvironmental forces.Microenvironmental forces envelop sociofamilial powers such as parents,partner, and offspring whereas macroenvironmental forces envelop thesociopolitical powers of the food industry, health professionals, andinstitutions. These forces influence a consumer's capacity to select theBreads and Cereals they want to eat. Consumers engage in the process ofinformation gathering in order to overcome these prevailing influences. The significance of the Grounded Substantive Theory of Food Autonomy asa means for explaining how consumers acquire food autonomy fromprevailing influences in order to eat the Breads and Cereals they desirehas important implications for public health nutrition education andpractice. An understanding of the life long nature underpinning a person'sfood behaviour will help nutrition and dietetic professionals understandbetter the range of change that is likely to be possible, and the best waysto facilitate food autonomy through appropriate education and compatibledietary interventions. Autonomy is not a new concept but when associatedwith food it introduces the public health professional to a paradoxicalperspective for studying consumers' food behaviour, which has beencustomarily looked at via the decision making process of food choice andbehaviour-change theories with adiaphorous effects.

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Shemweta, Alfred. "Att stimulera autonomin hos elever kring fysisk aktivitet ur ett livslångt perspektiv : lärares erfarenhet, i ämnet Idrott och Hälsa, om goda förutsättningar." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-153322.

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Sammanfattning Detta är en kvalitativ intervjuundersökning i form av fokusgruppsdiskussioner som innehåller åtta respondenter. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka förutsättningar lärare i ämnet Idrott och Hälsa i dagsläget anser vara goda för att stimulera autonomin så att fysisk aktivitet, ur ett livslångt perspektiv, ska kunna ske. Studien sker i en tanzanisk kontext och kopplas till Sverige utifrån ämnet - detta för att möjliggöra ett ömsesidigt lärande. I Tanzania heter detta ämne Physical Education, förkortat PE. Insamlade data kategoriserade med fokus på mening (dvs. meningskoncentrering) och resultaten sammankopplades därefter med det kognitiva perspektivet till utveckling, motsvarande på engelska cognitive orientation to development. Det kognitiva perspektivet till utveckling bildas av två ståndpunkter som är kognitivt utvecklingsperspektiv och Lev Vygotskijs kultur-historiskt utvecklingsperspektiv; dvs. cognitive development perspective respektive cultural-historical development perspective på engelska. Resultat visade att idrottslärare anser att personliga element, resurselement och ämnesplan för Idrott och Hälsa är essentiella förutsättningar för att stimulera autonomin kring fysisk aktivitet i det livslånga perspektivet. Det visade sig även att omgivningselement och lärarnas roll är grundläggande förutsättningar. Studien visade också att såväl elevernas motivation och personliga karaktärsdrag som deras fysiska, sociala, kulturella och historiska omgivning påverkar deras beteendeförändring.
Abstract This is a qualitative research by means of focus group discussions which brought together eight participants. The purpose of this study is to examine about Physical Education teachers’ experience concerning supportive environments that are considered necessary for stimulating autonomy so that physical activity, from a lifelong perspective, can take place. The research takes place in a Tanzanian context and is linked to Sweden based on the subject so as to enable a mutual learning. While termed as Idrott och Hälsa in Sweden, this school subject is called Physical Education in Tanzania, abbreviated to PE. The collected data were categorized with the emphasis upon their implication (i.e. their core meaning) and the results were then linked with the cognitive orientation to development. The cognitive orientation to development is made of two standpoints which are cognitive development perspective and Lev Vygotsky’s cultural-historical development perspective. The results showed that, PE teachers believe that personal elements, resources element and PE curriculum are essential prerequisites for stimulating the autonomy as regards to lifelong physical activity. It also turned out that the environment elements and the role of teachers are fundamental. The study also showed that both the students' motivation and personal characteristics, as well as their physical, social, cultural and historical environments, affect their behavioral change.

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Wiseman, Lynne Barbara. "A Study of Autonomy Support for Recommended Lifestyle Changes with a Vulnerable Hypertensive Sample: Utility of Self-Determination Theory." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1341886355.

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Fridner, Thomas. "What Facilitates Client Motivation for Change? : A critical look at self-determined behavior change." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-5168.

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Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a client-centered, directive approach for behavior change. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is a theory of human motivation and self-determined growth. Both of these social-cognitive theories aim to explain motivation and health behavior change and have generated a lot of research on how to increase human motivation. However, MI lacks a definite theory on mechanisms of behavior change and SDT offers a theory of motivation based on extensive research on human interactions. This paper aims to critically look at facilitators of client motivation for behavior change in-session from a social-cognitive perspective on one hand, and neural correlates related to client behavior change on the other hand. MI and SDT somewhat similarly explain what most importantly determines client motivation for change in-session. However, SDT mainly focus on psychological needs such as fostering client autonomy, and MI focus on the therapeutic alliance and on generating client change talk in-session. Efforts to bridge the two methods aim at generating a clearer definition of motivation in MI, and a better framework of practice in SDT. Studies on neural correlates of behavior change support and challenge elements of both approaches, indicating the importance of autonomy and relatedness for motivating positive behavior change.

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Barretto, Hugo. "Las relaciones entre autonomía colectiva y gobierno en Uruguay: crónica con final abierto." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116125.

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Relations between collective autonomy and government in Uruguay: chronic with open endingThe present article, after making a brief recount of the model of Uruguayan collective labor relations, analyzes the foundation and impact of heteronomous regulation on the protection of trade union freedom and collective bargaining released in the context of transformation model during periods from 2005 to 2009 and so far until 2012, with the purpose of determining whether the same meant a profound and definitive break of the pre-existing model or rather it emphasizes some of its elements without disturbing the nature
El presente artículo, tras efectuar un breve recuento del modelo de relaciones colectivas de trabajo uruguayo, analiza el fundamento y el impacto de la regulación heterónoma en materia de protección de la libertad sindical y de negociación colectiva, regulación emitida en el marco del modelo de transformación durante los períodos 2005 a 2009 y lo que va hasta el 2012. El objetivo del trabajo es determinar si dicha regulación significó una ruptura profunda y definitiva del modelo preexistente o si enfatiza más bien alguno de sus elementos sin alterar la naturaleza.

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Tam, Win-gee, and 譚穎知. "The moderation effect of original motivation level on the relation between task instrumentality and the change in motivation level." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196511.

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This experiment investigated the motivational effect of task instrumentality in a group of 8th grade students (N = 92). It investigated whether telling students that memory skills were instrumental could produce motivational effect. With reference to the self-determination theory, it was hypothesized that the original level of motivation would serve as the moderator of the effect of instrumentality on the change in motivation. It was believed that instrumentality would have more impact on students with low level of motivation at the first place; while the impact of instrumentality would be less on students with high level of motivation at the first place. The experiment was successful in the manipulation of instrumentality of memory skill. There was an increase in students’ introjection after the intervention. The main effects showed that the teaching session was effective in reducing students’ external regulation. Marginal significant main effect was found in the experimental group, where they had higher identification to the mnemonic session compared to the control group. Regarding the moderation effect, there was no significant moderation effect of original motivation level on the relation between task instrumentality and the change in motivation level. Implications of these findings on education were discussed.
published_or_final_version
Educational Psychology
Master
Master of Social Sciences

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GALVANI, SILVIA. "Professionalità dell'insegnante e organizzazione del servizio nella scuola. Studio di caso in tre istituti della Lombardia." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/701.

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La ricerca propone un’analisi, in prospettiva pedagogica, del cambiamento organizzativo nella scuola e della professionalità dell’insegnante. L’interesse per la problematica origina da considerazioni attinenti al rapporto tra riforma e innovazione e al ruolo svolto dagli insegnanti nei processi di cambiamento. L’indagine sviluppata si articola secondo due livelli, distinti ma interrelati. Il primo attiene al piano teorico-concettuale e inquadra le problematiche trattate con riferimento ai recenti contributi della letteratura scientifica; il secondo offre in modo complementare i risultati dello studio di caso, condotto in tre istituti scolastici di secondo grado della Lombardia. In ragione dei livelli considerati, i capitoli dedicati all’analisi teorica si alternano a quelli sull’indagine empirica. La ricerca coglie e problematizza la relazione fra cambiamento dell’assetto istituzionale e organizzativo della scuola e rinnovamento della professionalità dell’insegnante, sottolineando l’importanza di sperimentare nella pratica scolastica modelli di organizzazione che avvalorano ruolo e competenze dei docenti.
This research inquires into changes in school organisation and teacher professionalism from a pedagogical point of view. The main purpose is to reflect upon the relationship between school reform and teacher role in this field. The research work consists of two different but strictly intertwind levels. The first one concerns the theoretical standpoint and outlines issues according to the most recent scientific contributions. The other offers data collected during a study of case carried out in three secondary school institutes in Lombardy. The outcomes stress the importance of actual experience of organising models improving teacher specific role and skills.

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Lewis, Liane. "Yet another behaviour change intervention : the feasibility of an autonomy-supportive active lifestyle intervention in older adults." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/59465/.

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Background: Self-Determination Theory (SDT) has been used successfully as a model for health behaviour change in weight loss programs buts its effectiveness promoting physical activity (PA) behaviour change in an elderly population at elevated risk of colon cancer has not been tested. This study investigated the feasibility of implementing an SDT approach in this population and provides preliminary evidence of its efficacy for modifying motivational regulation in the short- and long-term. Furthermore, barriers to participation, and characteristics of non-participators were explored. Trial design: This thesis consists of two randomized controlled feasibility trials. Methods: Trial A was called ‘Physical Activity and Risk of Colon Cancer’ (PARC) and trial B was called ‘MOtiVation for Exercise- promoting an active lifestyle after Colorectal Cancer’ (MOVE). Participants in PARC (n=31, mean age 69y [SD=4.9], BMI 29.3 [SD=5.1]) were patients diagnosed with polyps after a screening colonoscopy. MOVE participants (n=28, mean age 65y [SD=8.3], BMI=27.7 [SD=4.6]) were patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer after completion of treatment. In both studies, participants were randomized to either an active lifestyle programme (ALP) (PARC n=17, MOVE n=14) or the standard care group (SC) (PARC n=14, MOVE n=14). ALP received supervised exercise sessions and physical activity counselling workshops during the intervention and SC was encouraged to continue with their usual lifestyle. For PARC the intervention was 6months with a 6 months follow-up and for MOVE the intervention was 3months with 3 months follow-up. Randomization was carried out with a bespoke computer software (nQuery). The intervention facilitator was not blinded to the group allocation. Data were analysed with intention-to treat analysis. The primary outcomes were the feasibility of the intervention in these populations. Secondary outcomes were variables of behavioural regulation, physical activity behaviour, physical capacity (fitness and strength), self-efficacy, intention to exercise, and quality of life. Results: PARC: Overall recruitment yield was 12.1% of eligible participants. Main barriers for participation for time commitment and distance to research site. Attrition post-intervention was 29% and at follow-up 43%. Attendance at the ii supervised exercise sessions was 62% and at the workshops was 53%. Post-intervention, ALP had lower amotivation (P<.01), and higher levels of identification (P<.01), intrinsic regulation (P<.001), relative autonomy index (P<.01), and intention to exercise (P<0.05) compared to SC. Total leisure time activity was higher in ALP compared to SC with a mean group difference of 84 min per week (P= 0.08). At follow-up the differences in behavioural regulation were not maintained. ALP did more physical activity at follow-up than SC, with a difference in mean change for leisure-time PA of 170min (P< 0.05). There were no adverse events during the intervention. MOVE: Overall recruitment rate was 58.3% of eligible participants. The main barriers to participation for time commitment and the travel distance to the research site. Attrition at 3months was 14% and 29% at 6months follow-up. Attendance at supervised exercise sessions was 79% and at physical activity counselling workshops 71%. Post-intervention, ALP was engaging in 98min more walking time physical activity (P< 0.05). Group differences were also observed for body composition with a reduction in body weight (-1.6kg), BMI (-0.04 kg/m2) and body fat (-1.4%) in ALP compared to an increase in these parameters in SC (+1.1kg, +0.5 kg/m2, +0.3%) (P< 0.05). At follow-up differences in PA and body composition were maintained (P< 0.05). No differences were observed for behavioural regulation, self-efficacy, intention to exercise, and quality of life at any time-point. Exercise was deemed safe and there were no adverse events throughout the intervention. Conclusion: Recruitment rates of both trials were poor, but other trials have reported similar low recruitment rates in studies with an elderly population. These are the first studies based on SDT in this population to demonstrate increased physical activity behaviour post-intervention and at long-term follow-up. The findings also suggest that 6months of intervention is successful at evoking changes in behavioural regulation. These findings are comparable to other studies using this model. Larger RCTs are needed to substantiate these findings. The studies were sponsored by the University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.

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Hower, Mark A. "Faculty Work: Moving Beyond the Paradox of Autonomy and Collaboration." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1342468279.

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Bedessem, Baptiste. "Quelle autonomie pour la recherche ? Analyse épistémologique des conditions de la gouvernance des sciences." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAP003.

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L'autonomie du champ scientifique, comprise comme sa capacité à fixer par lui-même sa composition interne, ses normes et ses objets, résulte d'ajustements et de compromis entre deux forces antagonistes : d'un côté, l'inscription du développement scientifique et technique dans un certain contexte social dont il tire ses ressources et qui tend à le mettre sous la dépendance d'objectifs et d'enjeux qui dépassent la seule communauté des chercheurs ; de l'autre, une défense inlassable de l'autonomie scientifique comme nécessité politique et épistémologique, provenant souvent des chercheurs eux-mêmes.Les modifications contemporaines des modes de gouvernance de la recherche scientifique posent dans ce cadre des questions proprement épistémologiques : quel type et quel degré d'autonomie faut-il accorder au champ scientifique d'une part, et aux chercheurs individuels d'autre part, pour optimiser la production des connaissances ? Comment organiser, institutionnaliser l'effort de recherche de manière à ce que la limitation de l'autonomie qui en résulte soit positive sur le plan épistémologique ?Notre thèse adopte ainsi une perspective philosophique sur des questions souvent réservées aux économistes et autres spécialistes du management de la recherche.Tout d'abord, nous proposons une recension des argumentaires élaborés pour défendre l'autonomie de la science et la liberté de recherche comme une nécessité épistémologique. Nous reconstruisons sur cette base deux thèses pro-autonomie qui doivent être prises au sérieux, car leurs critiques classiques échouent à les disqualifier de manière convaincante. La "thèse libérale" pose que la liberté individuelle des chercheurs favorise la productivité épistémique, en motivant la créativité, l'anticonformisme, la diversification des problèmes, questions et objets de recherche. La thèse "anti-utilitariste" distingue une science fondamentale d'une science appliquée en fonction des questions ou des objets étudiés et affirme la supériorité épistémique d'une recherche dédiée à des problèmes exclusivement cognitifs.Nous menons ensuite l'analyse critique de ces deux thèses. Nous abordons en un premier temps la thèse libérale à travers une mise en cause du modèle de la dynamique de la recherche qui la sous-tend. Contre la mise en valeur de la science comme activité exploratoire, nous proposons, justifions et renouvelons la perspective pragmatiste sur l'enquête sur la base d'études de cas et des travaux contemporains liés au practical turn.Nous revenons dans un second temps sur la thèse anti-utilitariste, en critiquant tout d'abord la distinction entre science fondamentale et science appliquée comme introduisantartificiellement une rupture entre les types de pratiques en fonction des objectifs qu'elles s'assignent. Nous proposons de déplacer cette opposition en élaborant une distinction entre des problèmes que nous qualifions d'endogènes, émergeant dans le cours des pratiques scientifiques, et des problèmes exogènes identifiés à l'extérieur du champ scientifique.En prenant l'histoire de la biologie moléculaire comme illustration, nous montrons la perméabilité constitutive du processus de recherche aux problèmes exogènes, nous détaillons certains mécanismes de ces interactions dans le cas des objets complexes, et nous montrons en quoi cette perméabilité est épistémologiquement positive.Enfin, dans un dernier temps, nous prolongeons ces analyses épistémologiques sur le plan pratique, en tentant d'en déduire des conditions de financement qui satisfassent les propriétés de la dynamique de la recherche précédemment dégagées. Contre la sélection trop centralisée des projets sur la base de l'évaluation par les pairs, d'une part, et la différentiation des sources de financement en fonction des objets ou de types de recherche, nous proposons un schéma de financement décentralisé et participatif reflétant la diversité des pratiques et la convergence locale des intérêts
The autonomy of the scientific field, understood as its ability to set itself its internal composition, its norms and its objects, is the result of compromises between two antagonistic forces : on the one hand, the inscription of scientific and technical development in a certain social context that provides it with the resources it needs and that tends to put it under the dependence of objectives foreign to the scientific community ; on the other hand, a defense of scientific autonomy as a political and epistemological necessity. The emergence of a need for the control of scientific progress, and the raise of the dependence of research to market economy, seems to result in the relative downturn of this call for autonomy.In that context, the current modifications in the way scientific research is governed raise epistemological questions : which degree of autonomy should we grant the scientific field, and individual researchers, in order to optimize the knowledge production ? How should we organize scientific research so that the limitations of its autonomy have positive epistemological effects ? In this thesis, we adopt a properly philosophical perspective on issues often studied by economists and specialists of science policy management, most notably that of the best ways of funding scientific disciplines, communities, or individual researchers.First, we carry out an analysis of the arguments elaborated to defend scientific autonomy and freedom of research as an epistemological requirement. We then rebuild on this basis two pro-autonomy theses that should be taken seriously into account, for the criticisms generally leveled against them are not sound. The ''liberal thesis'' claims that individual freedom promotes epistemic productivity by motivating creativity, anticonformism, and the diversification of the problems, questions and objects under study. The ''anti-utilitarian'' thesis distinguishes between fundamental and applied science and argues for the epistemological superiority of a research exclusively dedicated to cognitive problems.We then propose a critical analysis of these two theses. Against the promotion of science as an exploratory activity, we propose, justify and renew the pragmatist perspective on inquiry, drawing on case studies and contemporaneous works linked to the practical turn. We conclude that a laissez-faire principle does not optimize epistemic fecundity.We then deal with the anti-utilitarian thesis. We first criticize the distinction between fundamental and applied science as introducing a gap among scientific practices according to the goals they pursue. We propose to forgo this opposition in favor of a different one, between endogenous problems (emerging in the course of scientific practices), and exogenous problems (identified outside the scientific field).By considering the history of molecular biology, we show the constitutive permeability of the research process to exogenous problems, we give some details about the mechanisms of these interactions in the case of complex objects, and we show how this permeability is positive.Finally, we give these epistemological analysis a practical turn, by trying to infer from them some conditions that would fit with the properties of the research process we previously identified. We begin by showing that the principles guiding current scheme of governance of public research do not satisfy the epistemic constraints we propose to take into account. Against the excessively centralized selection of projects by way of peer-review processes, on the one hand, and in opposition to the differentiation of the funding sources between objects or types of research on the other hand, we propose a decentralized and participative funding scheme, reflecting the diversity of practices and the local convergence of interests

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36

Silva, Roberta Angela da. "Folhas de atividades para o ensino de função afim e quadrática : conceito e aplicações." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7081.

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Não recebi financiamento
After a careful evaluatation of my students, my principal investigator and I decided that students with difficulties in higher learning will be chosen, in this case, the first year of High School students in the three cities Jaboticabal, Monte Alto and Pontal. The math content to be worked upon was chosen from the assessment of difficulty students had learning first and second degree functions, as well as the importance the subject has when applied to other disciplines, such as Physics. To facilitate learning of these subjects, four activity sheets were composed to help improve text comprehension and reasoning, and consequently subject knowledge in such a way that the student builds the foundation concepts as to derive the affine and quadratic functions. Interactive exercises of multiple difficulties were prepared to inspire curiosity between students when solving problems. The exercises were designed to allow the students as much autonomy to finding solutions. The students were expected to develop: regularity identification, table-algebraic-graphic conversions, develop a problem situation without a previous explanation; relationship with the concept of affine function, justifying its proportionality; relationship with the concept of quadratic function; graphic analysis of quadratic functions; maximums and minimums; problems treatments on numeric fields and assay for algebraic fields; enthusiasm developing the activities; participation on activities discussion; the ability developing a problem situation with connection to different contexts; that the student had as much autonomy as possible on exercises solution; that the students build strategies and knowledge, given structure and organization to their thoughts, reaching a higher level of abstraction. Students were organized into pairs and encouraged to discuss while working on the activity sheet and review with each other in other classes the methods employed to solve the problems before the solutions were provided.
Após observar, estudar e avaliar o desenvolvimento do corpo discente para o qual leciono, meu orientador e eu decidimos que as turmas “escolhidas” para a aplicação do trabalho seriam as que apresentavam maior dificuldade de aprendizagem, no caso, o primeiro ano do Ensino Médio e ocorreria em três cidades: Jaboticabal, Monte Alto e Pontal. O conteúdo matemático escolhido para ser trabalhado surgiu das dificuldades destes estudantes com o tema funções afim e quadrática, bem como da importância destes temas quando aplicados na disciplina de Física, por exemplo. Nas escolas em questão, o conteúdo de função afim e função quadrática é revisto no terceiro ano do Ensino Médio e é notório que a dificuldade persiste. Para tentar facilitar e colaborar com o ensino desse conteúdo, foram confeccionadas quatro Folhas de Atividades para trabalhar a interpretação de texto, o raciocínio e, por consequência, o conhecimento sobre o assunto, de modo que o estudante construísse o conceito de função afim e função quadrática. Foram preparadas atividades de níveis fácil e médio que exigissem uma boa interpretação de texto, que despertassem a curiosidade e proporcionassem, durante a resolução, a interação entre os estudantes, dos quais se esperava: identificar regularidades; converter dados tabulares algébricos em gráficos, desenvolver uma situação problema sem explicação anterior; relacionar situações com o conceito de função afim, usando proporcionalidade; relacionar situações com o conceito de função quadrática; analisar graficamente a função quadrática; usar máximos e mínimos; tratar os problemas no campo numérico e fazer alguns ensaios no campo algébrico; ter entusiasmo no desenvolvimento da atividade; participar na discussão da atividade; procurar desenvolver a situação problema com ligação a diferentes contextos; ter autonomia na resolução dos exercícios; criar estratégias e construir conhecimento, dando estrutura e ordem aos seus pensamentos, chegando a atingir um nível de abstração mais elevado. Tudo foi observado na ação da maioria dos estudantes. Organizaram-se em duplas para a resolução das Folhas de Atividades e debateram as dúvidas durante a resolução. Antes mesmo que comentasse sobre os resultados, em uma próxima aula, eles já comentavam entre si o método que cada um havia utilizado e em qual resultado haviam chegado.

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37

Aydogdu, Ozlem. "Changes In The Meaning Of Type In Architecture Since Eighteenth Century." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607330/index.pdf.

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The need to define notions in one and a concrete way is actually a tendency to remove the contradictions that could blur their meanings. However, in the architectural discourse the different definitions and interpretations of a notion lead sometimes to an interesting and productive paradox through which a dual situation can emerge. The notion of type as one of these instances gained such a duality in time throughout the accumulated thoughts that were studied in different times and conditions since the eighteenth century by scholars like Marc-Antoine Laugier, Quatremé
re de Quincy, Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand, Le Courbusier, Giulio Carlo Argan, Aldo Rossi, and Peter Eisenman. These conditions which occurred between the relations type-nature, type-machine and type-city have a common point in that type was seen as a principle, to explain the architectural attitude in a particular period. And in these periodical conditions it can be said that type has, actually, a visual (in Leandro Madrazo&
#8217
s terms) and non-visual (in Leandro Madrazo&
#8217
s terms) aspect which leads to a discrepant problem in that it is sometimes defined as sensible in the sense of a physical construction and sometimes defined as conceptual in the sense of a conceptual construct. Therefore, in using the outline of Anthony Vidler&
#8217
s essay the third typology as a loose framework in the context of a historical point of view from the eighteenth century to the twentieth century, the main problem of this thesis will be to expose this dual situation between the visual (sensible) and non-visual (conceptual) aspects of type. In addition, it is actually said that the visual aspect of type appeared in the sense how its non-visual aspect is re-constructed. Moreover, within its double-nature (in Leandro Madrazo&
#8217
s terms) type seems to have a potential and power for its transformation towards a key for reading the architectural process in a re-constructed continuity. And because of this re-construction it is possible to follow the continuity of architectural knowledge, which designates the changing boundaries of the architectural discipline and gives the means for a tendency to define it as autonomous.

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Pan, Suyan, and 潘甦燕. "How higher educational institutions cope with social change: the case of Tsinghua University, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42577755.

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B, K. Anjali. "The Person-centered culture of Ohio nursing homes." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1525438253602506.

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Fequetia, Maria Glalcy. "Um estudo sobre o fenômeno da desistência em um curso de formação online para professores." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13586.

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Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo
Technological advances have brought about a revolution in education. The advantages resulting from the distance learning, temporal ruptures and spacers have been established as key factors for professionals who seek an online course, an alternative to the continuity of their education. Moreover, following this movement, there is a major challenge in the permanence and completion of these courses by individuals. The purpose of this research was to study about the phenomenon of giving up by analyzing the messages of the course participants leavers of Contemporary Reading and Writing Practices offered online for learning supervisors, technical-pedagogical assistants (ATPs), coordinators and teachers of Secondary and High Schools of the São Paulo, Brazil, state school system. The theoretical lens that guided this study was divided into three parts: the first one related to the processes of Reculturing , Restructuring and Retiming proposed by Fullan (1996.1997); the second one related to the development of autonomy and processes of change from studies of Freire (1996), Nicolaides (2003), Sprenger (2004), Benson (2006, 2007, 2008, 2011) and Collins (2008); and the third one related to the question of time as a problematizing factor. Through a qualitative analysis of messages, it was possible to observe what conflicts in Reculturing, Restructuring and Retiming put themselves as providers of the phenomenon of giving up and the connections between these processes, the development of autonomy and the time factor. It was also possible, through these links, to map a set of conceptions of what would to study online: which postures are more appropriate, structural requirements which must be fulfilled, which the modes of interaction are more effective for each context, and more
Os avanços tecnológicos têm propiciado uma revolução no campo educacional. As facilidades advindas do ensino a distância , as rupturas temporais e distanciais têm se consolidado como fatores decisivos pelos profissionais que procuram, num curso online, uma alternativa para a continuidade de sua formação. Por outro lado, acompanhando esse movimento, nota-se um desafio muito grande na permanência e conclusão desses cursos pelos indivíduos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo um estudo sobre o fenômeno da desistência através da análise das mensagens de participantes desistentes do curso Práticas de Leitura e Escrita na Contemporaneidade, oferecido na modalidade online para supervisores de ensino, assistentes técnico-pedagógicos (ATPs), professores-cordenadores (PCs) e professores do Ensino Fundamental II e Ensino Médio da rede pública estadual de São Paulo. A lente teórica que orientou este trabalho foi divida em três partes: a primeira em relação aos processos de Reculturação, Reestruturação e Reorganização Temporal propostos por Fullan (1996,1997); a segunda em relação ao desenvolvimento da autonomia e os processos de mudança a partir dos estudos de Freire (1996), Nicolaides (2003), Sprenger (2004), Benson (2006, 2007, 2008, 2011) e Collins (2008); e a terceira em relação à questão do tempo como fator problematizador. Através de uma análise qualitativa das mensagens, foi possível verificar que conflitos nos processos de Reculturação, Reestruturação e Reorganização Temporal colocam-se como propiciadores do fenômeno da desistência e quais as ligações entre esses processos, o desenvolvimento da autonomia e o fator tempo. Foi possível também ,através dessas ligações, mapear um conjunto de concepções do que seria o estudar online: quais posturas são mais adequadas, quais necessidades estruturais devem ser atendidas, quais os modos de interação mais efetivos para cada contexto, entre outros

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41

Pan, Suyan. "How higher educational institutions cope with social change the case of Tsinghua University, China /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42577755.

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42

Davis, Charles N. "Women's Substance Abuse Treatment With Supplemental Couple's Therapy: Changes in Women's Levels of Intimacy and Autonomy in Relation to Treatment Outcomes by Treatment Modality." DigitalCommons@USU, 2005. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2512.

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The current study is a secondary analysis of a National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) study in which 122 women received treatment for their substance abuse problems. Three models of substance abuse treatment were administered. One included standard substance abuse treatment alone and two models included supplemental couple's therapy in addition to standard treatment. The current study examined the significance of the relationship between changes in the women's levels of intimacy and autonomy, during and after treatment, and their treatment outcomes according to the treatment modality they received. It was hypothesized that the relationship would be significant in that levels of intimacy and autonomy would be important variables with regard to treatment outcomes in couple's therapy. No statistical significance was reported although some significant trends were found with regard to the fluctuation of intimacy and autonomy levels during and after treatment. Implications for policy, practice, and future research are reviewed.

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43

Noh, Sung Hun. "The road to change : the emergence of autonomy in South Korean higher education policy with special reference to two national universities." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442637.

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South Korean higher education has been regarded as an essential resource for national and personal development both by the government and the people. In particular, its economic significance has been great since the authoritarian military regime of the 1960s. Korean higher education policy had been controlled by the government. Based on this background, it has developed greatly in extent. However, with Korean political democracy and the spread of global economy under neoliberal market principles since the 1990s, the Korean government provided the universities with the right to manage themselves to improve managerial performance and quality in consideration of its low international competitiveness. From this autonomy policy, main issues to explore emerged: on how changes have developed both for the government and in the institutions, in two national universities in particular, with regard to autonomy and responsibility. This thesis introduces a proposition which rewards greater empowerment to the universities with institutional changes to improve managerial performance and quality together with the key actors' support. All the results show that the autonomy policy was followed to bring changes as proposed above. The authoritarian government style changed into a more collaborative relationship through greater empowerment to the universities. In response to this, the two universities made efforts to change themselves through responsible self-management with the support of key actors. However, some limitations to full institutional autonomy also appeared in the government policy, the institutions' implementing process and the key actors' views.

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44

Winqvist, David. "Augmenting communication channels toward the evolution of autonomous construction sites." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-12752.

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Context In the last centuries, we have been generating and building infrastructure at a faster pace than ever before. Simultaneously the costs for labor and construction sectors as road and house building is increasing. This provides room for autonomous machines. The development of infrastructure is accomplished through highly efficient and productive construction machinery that progressively modernizes to form the society. In order to increase the pace of development, both cars and industry are getting more and more automated. Volvo Construction Equipment is exploring the autonomous vehicle space. The new machines complement and perfect the human work with efficiency, reliability, and durability. There is however, a question of trust between the human workers and the autonomous machines, I will in this thesis investigate methods on how to develop trust through communication systems with autonomous machines. Objectives To create recommendations and solutions for products that build trust between human and automated machines on a construction site. Method Outcome is reached through a case study exploration with validated learning, meaning that it will incorporate learnings through prototype iterations. Results The result evaluates how trust could be developed between humans and autonomous machinery at a construction site and how communication methods between these parties could be implemented while maintaining high levels of efficiency and safety. Conclusion Findings in this thesis indicates that trust is developed over time with reliable systems that provide colleagues with updated information available at any time. The results can be introduced in both today’s and tomorrow’s construction sites at various levels of advanced technology.
Sammanhang De senaste hundra åren har vi gett upphov till att bygga infrastruktur i en snabbare takt än någonsin tidigare. Samtidigt ökar kostnaderna för både arbetskraft och byggsektorer som väg- och bostadsbyggnader. Denna situation ger utrymme för autonoma maskiner. Utvecklingen av infrastruktur sker genom effektiva och produktiva konstruktionsmaskiner som successivt moderniseras för att forma samhället. För att öka utvecklingstakten moderniseras både bilar och industri för att möta en mer automatiserad vardag. Volvo Construction Equipment undersöker det autonoma fordonsutrymmet för nästa generations maskiner. Automationen kompletterar de nya maskinerna och fulländar det mänskliga arbetet med effektivitet, tillförlitlighet och hållbarhet. Det finns dock en fråga om relationen mellan mänskliga arbetare och autonoma maskiner, jag kommer i denna avhandling undersöka metoder för hur man kan utveckla tillit genom kommunikationssystem mellan arbetare och autonoma maskiner. Mål Att skapa rekommendationer och lösningar för produkter som bygger tillit mellan mänskliga och automatiserade maskiner på en byggarbetsplats. Metod Resultatet uppnås genom användandet av fallstudie forskning kombinerat med validerande lärande. Detta innebär lärdomar med hjälp av en iterativ process utav prototyper som testas och valideras. Resultat Resultatet utvärderar hur förtroende kan utvecklas mellan människor och autonoma maskiner på en byggarbetsplats. Hur kommunikationsmetoder mellan dessa parter skulle kunna genomföras samtidigt som hög effektivitet och säkerhet upprätthålls . Slutsats Lärandet i denna avhandling tyder på att förtroendet utvecklas över tid med tillförlitliga system som ger medarbetare uppdaterad nödvändig information tillgänglig när som helst. Resultaten kan införas i både dagens och framtidens anläggningsplatser på olika nivåer av avancerad teknik.

Vissa delar är borttagan på grund av konfidentialitet.

ME310 Design Innovation at Stanford University

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45

Bennett, Nigel David. "Change and continuity in school practice : a study of the influences affecting secondary school teachers' work, and of the role of local and national policies within them." Thesis, Brunel University, 1991. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5142.

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This thesis examines the impact of local and national education policies on teachers' practice in six secondary schools in two similar, non-contiguous, metropolitan authorities. Ten propositions on the relationship between policy and action were generated from a literature review and related to literature on school organisation and culture. Empirical data to test them were collected between September 1987 and July 1989, during the development of National Curriculum legislation and statutory instruments but prior to its implementation in secondary schools. Extended interviews were conducted with sixty-six teachers, the six Headteachers, and both Chief Inspectors. Detailed interview reports were confirmed as accurate with each interviewee. National influences were found to be important, particularly public examination reforms. This was attributed to their public use as indicators of school effectiveness, and to teachers' own positions resting on their own examination success for legitimacy. Personal professional values led to the LEA and its officers being dismissed as insignificant: factors internal to the school were more important. Chief among these was teachers' relationships with their departmental colleagues, especially how their perception of their needs and obligations as teachers of particular subjects, with particular epistemologies, affected departmental opportunities as management units to influence individual practice and require conformity to external requirements. Relations with senior staff were also important, and how far informal networks of power and influence operated against the formal hierarchies. Lastly, personal professional values stressed classroom experience as the only satisfactory basis for offering direction or guidance to teachers. This view of the teacher as expert emphasised that teachers must ultimately have autonomy to decide how best to handle classroom situations, and not only downgraded LEA staff and teacher education as sources of assistance, but also worked to prevent teachers from acknowledging problems to their colleagues.

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46

Collomb, Jean. "Optimisation du processus de dimensionnement thermomécanique de Moule Autonome à Transfert Thermique Efficient pour transformation rapide des matériaux composites à renforts continus." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAA019/document.

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L’enjeu du projet MATTE est de proposer à terme un mode de transformation novateur utilisant des technologies parfaitement maîtrisées, pour la production haute cadence de structures composites hautes performances à fibres continues et résines thermoplastiques (composites TPFC) ou thermodure. Ce système fait partie des techniques dites Heat&Cool, bien connues dans le domaine de l’injection plastique. Il s’agit ici d’étendre ces techniques au domaine des matériaux composites structuraux. Par rapport aux moyens existant, ce procédé permettra d’intégrer en production : de nouvelles fonctions de contrôle, de réduire les consommations énergétique de l’ordre de 80%, les investissements périphériques de 30% et de tendre vers un temps de cycle complet inférieur à 3 minutes. Le procédé similaire dans les composite déjà existant est le RTM lourd, cependant il est très énergivore et ne permet de faire que de la moyen cadence dû à des cycles de cuisson assez long. Il est donc la référence pour quantifier les performances de la technologie MATTE
The issue of MATTE project is to propose an innovative process using perfectly controlled technologies for the production of structural composites high speed high performance with continuous fibers and thermoplastic resins (composites TPFC) or thermoset. This system is one of the techniques known as Heat & Cool, well known in the field of plastic injection. The aim of this technology is to extend these techniques to the field of structural composites. Compared to existing resources, this process will integrate in production: new monitoring functions, reduce energy consumption by about 80%, peripheral investments by 30% and to pursue a complete cycle time of less than 3 minutes. The similar method in the existing composite is the RTM, however, it is high energy consumption technology and do not allow high production rate. It is therefore the reference to quantify the performance of the MATTE technology

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RAHMAN, SHAHNUR. "Visual Perception in Autonomous Vehicles." Thesis, KTH, Hållbarhet och industriell dynamik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189346.

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The human factor accounts for nine out of ten out of all traffic accidents, and because more vehicles are being deployed on the roads, the number of accidents will increase. Because of this, various automated functions have been implemented in vehicles in order to minimize the human factor in driving. In recent year, this development has accelerated and vehicles able to perform the complete driving task without any human assistance have begun to emerge from different projects around the world. However, the autonomous vehicle still has many barriers to overcome before safe driving in traffic becomes a reality. One of these barriers is the difficulty to visually perceive the surrounding. This is partly because of the fact that something can cover the camera sensors, but it is also problematic to translate the perceived data, that the sensors are collecting, into something valuable for the passenger. The situation could be improved if wireless communications were available to the autonomous vehicle. Instead of trying to understand the surrounding by the use of camera sensors, the autonomous vehicle could obtain the necessary data via wireless communication, which was the subject of this study. The study showed that wireless communication will be significant for the autonomous vehicle in the future. The conclusion is based on the fact that wireless communication was a solution in other transport systems that have had the similar barrier as for the autonomous vehicle. There are also plans on managing the barrier via wireless communication in pilot projects related to autonomous vehicles.
Den mänskliga faktorn står för nio av tio utav alla trafikolyckor, och eftersom att allt fler fordon kommer ut på vägarna så leder det till att olycksantalet ökar. På grund av detta så har olika automatiserade funktioner applicerats i fordonet för att undvika den mänskliga faktorn i körningen. Denna utveckling har accelererat och fordon som ska kunna utföra hela det dynamiska framförandet utan mänsklig assistans har börjat utvecklas i olika projekt runt om i världen. Dock så har det autonoma fordonet många barriärer kvar att övervinna, för säkert framförande, varav en av dessa barriärer är fordonets förmåga att visuellt uppfatta omgivningen. Dels genom att något kan täcka kamerasensorerna men även att kunna omsätta det sensorerna uppfattar till något värdefullt för passageraren. Situationen skulle dock kunna förbättras om trådlös kommunikation gjordes tillgänglig för det autonoma fordonet. Istället för att försöka uppfatta omgivningen via kamerasensorer, skulle det autonoma fordonet kunna få den information som behövs via trådlös kommunikation, vilket är vad denna studie behandlade. Studien visade att trådlös kommunikation kommer att ha en betydelse för det autonoma fordonet i framtiden. Slutsatsen grundar sig på att trådlös kommunikation varit en lösning inom andra transportsystem som haft en liknande barriär som för det autonoma fordonet. Man planerar dessutom på att hantera det autonoma fordonets barriär via trådlös kommunikation i pilotprojekt i dagsläget

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48

Altundas, Gulsemin. "Assessing industry emergence and structuration : an approach through interorganizational relationship networks around Key Technological Activities." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0002.

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Cette recherche propose d'étudier l'émergence d‘une industrie suite à une innovation de rupture. Afin de participer aux débats actuels autour de sa mesure, nous avons adopté une approche dynamique en retenant trois niveaux d‘analyse, c‘est-à-dire niveau macro, puis réseau et enfin, niveau organisationnel. A partir d‘une analyse de réseaux de l‘industrie du véhicule autonome de 2011 à 2019, nos résultats mettent en évidence le rôle des réseaux de relations interorganisationnelles autour d‘activités technologiques clefs permettant la réalisation de véhicules autonomes, comme mesure de l‘émergence et de la structuration d‘une industrie. L‘intensité de ces relations permettent également de distinguer ces deux phases souvent confondues, d‘émergence et de structuration d‘une industrie et de proposer une analyse dynamique et non a posteriori de l‘émergence
The present doctoral thesis aims to examine industry emergence caused by disruptive innovation. We adopted a dynamic approach to industry emergence to nourish debates around its assessment through a three-level funnel approach adopted: macro, network, and organizational levels. Based on a social network analysis of the Autonomous vehicles industry from 2011 to 2019, our findings allow us to assess the ex-ante emergence of an industry. The present thesis notably suggests an interesting way to measure industry emergence through interorganizational relationship networks building around Key Technological Activities required for the Autonomous vehicles industry to become a reality and to distinguish the emergence from the structuration of an industry

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49

Laqua, Kerstin. "Wahrnehmung und Bewertung Ekel auslösender Sinnesreize." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-151885.

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Schimmeliges Brot, Nasensekret, offene Wunden, Cholera, schmutzige Toiletten, Maden, Begegnungen mit Leichen, Sodomie und sogar Mord – alle diese Dinge haben einen potentiell Ekel erregenden Charakter gemeinsam und gehören somit zu den häufigsten Ekel auslösenden Faktoren (Haidt et al. 1994; Rozin et al. 2000; Oaten et al. 2009). Dies wurde in verschiedensten Studien bereits anhand von theoretischen Fragestellungen, Bildern, Viedeoclips, Gerüchen und Geräuschen untersucht (Rozin et al. 1999; Vernet-Maury et al. 1999; Wright et al. 2004; Stevenson und James 2008; de Jong et al. 2011). In der Fachliteratur finden sich jedoch nur sehr wenige Studien in Bezug auf Töne bzw. Geräusche und fast keine Nachweise dafür, dass auch über Tasteindrücke Ekel ausgelöst werden kann. Bei der Erforschung von Emotionen stellt sich oft die Frage nach deren Objektivierbarkeit. Aus diesem Grund erfolgten in den letzten Jahren zahlreiche Studien, in denen beim Empfinden von Emotionen gleichzeitig Parameter des autonomen Nervensystems gemessen wurden. Dabei gibt es allerdings einige Kontroversen darüber, ob ein emotionsspezifisches Verhalten dieser Parameter vorliegt (Vernet-Maury et al. 1999; Cacioppo et al. 2000; Barrett 2006). Zusätzlich fällt bei solchen Untersuchungen erneut eine Verteilung der präsentierten Reize mit einer deutlich höheren Anzahl an Bildern, Videoclips und Gerüchen gegenüber Geräuschen und Tasteindrücken auf (Kreibig 2010). Um nachzuweisen, dass Ekel über verschiedene Sinneseindrücke ausgelöst werden kann, wurden in dieser Studie 125 Probanden mit Ekel erregenden und neutralen Bildern, Geräuschen, Gerüchen und Tasteindrücken konfrontiert. Diese wurden in folgende Kategorien aufgeteilt: verdorbenes Essen, kranker Mensch und Fäkalien. Nach den jeweiligen Reizen erfolgte eine subjektive Einschätzung der Probanden über die empfundene Emotion mittels einer Abfrage der Basisemotionen und der Self-Assessment Mannikin. Des Weiteren wurde jeweils eine Kategorie der Sinnesreize zuvor benannt. Zusätzlich erfolgten mit einem Teil der Probanden Wiederholungsmessungen, zur Messung einer eventuellen Gewöhnung an diese Reize. Weiterhin wurden Parameter des autonomen Nervensystems (Herzfrequenz, systolischer Blutdruck und Hautleitwert) bei allen Probanden und Durchläufen aufgezeichnet. Die Probanden wurden zuvor auf Einschränkungen hinsichtlich ihrer Sinneswahrnehmungen überprüft. Die Auswertung der Ergebnisse erfolgte nach den subjektiven Bewertungen, der Parameter des autonomen Nervensystems, nach Geschlecht getrennt und jeweils in Bezug auf die Wiederholungsmessungen. Es ergaben sich dabei im Wesentlichen folgende Ergebnisse: 1. Es konnte anhand der subjektiven Bewertungen gezeigt werden, dass alle potentiell ekeligen Sinnesreize auch als ekelig empfunden wurden. Gerüche und Tasteindrücke riefen zusätzlich Überraschung hervor. Visuelle Reize lösten am stärksten Ekel aus. Es konnte erstmals demonstriert werden, dass sich in Bezug auf die unterschiedlichen Sinneskanäle, unterschiedliche autonome Aktivierungen zeigten. Ein allgemein ekelspezifisches Verhalten der autonomen Parameter wurde im Einklang mit der Literatur nicht nachgewiesen (Barrett 2006). 2. Frauen ekelten sich in Bezug auf Bilder mehr als Männer, was sich mit anderen Literaturangaben deckt (Rozin et al. 1999; Curtis et al. 2004). Zudem wurde für Frauen teilweise eine höhere sympathische Aktivierung beim Wahrnehmen von Tönen, Gerüchen und haptischen Eindrücken ermittelt. 3. Das Label führte zu einem höheren Empfinden von Ekel für Tasteindrücke und Gerüche und zu einem größeren Blutdruckabfall bei Gerüchen. Dies bestätigt den großen Einfluss von Assoziationen beim Wahrnehmen von Gerüchen, da ein Käsegeruch je nach Kontext auch als Schweißgeruch interpretiert werden kann. Dieser Bewertungsaspekt konnte bereits für Gerüche nachgewiesen werden (Herz und von Clef 2001; Bensafi et al. 2007) und lässt ebenso für Tasteindrücke eine assoziative Komponente vermuten. 4. Bei den Wiederholungsmessungen fand keine Gewöhnung für Töne und Gerüche statt und die autonomen Messungen zeigten, dass keine Sensitivierung stattfindet. Auch nach Abschluss dieser Studie konnte keine eindeutige Aussage hinsichtlich eines Ekel spezifischen Verhaltens autonomer Parameter getroffen werden. Das Verhalten des autonomen Nervensystems ist von vielen Faktoren abhängig und wird wie hier gezeigt, durch den angesprochenen Sinneskanal mit beeinflusst. Ebenso spielen Geschlechtsunterschiede, Assoziationen und wiederholte Reizexposition eine Rolle beim Empfinden von Ekel. Alle diese Aspekte wurden in der durchgeführten Studie berücksichtigt und kontrovers diskutiert. Es wird hierbei keineswegs ein Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit erhoben. Diese Studie hatte zum Ziel verschiedene Aspekte in Bezug auf die Emotion Ekel mit Hilfe der Parameter des autonomen Nervensystems zu untersuchen. Die vorliegende Studie hilft widersprüchliche Ergebnisse in der Literatur aufzuklären und einzuordnen, indem erstmals ausführlich auf die Relevanz des angesprochenen Sinneskanals hingewiesen wird
Mould bread, nasal discharge, gaping wounds, Cholera, dirty toilets, maggots, confrontation with corpses, sodomy and even murder – all these things have a potential disgusting character and rank among the most disgusting cues (Haidt et al. 1994; Rozin et al. 2000; Oaten et al. 2009). This has been evaluated in different studies with the help of theoretical questions, pictures, video clips, odours and sounds (Rozin et al. 1999; Vernet-Maury et al. 1999; Wright et al. 2004; Stevenson und James 2008; de Jong et al. 2011). However, only few studies concern disgusting sounds and to even lesser extend haptical impressions. It is one of the most challenging questions in emotion research, how to objectify them. In recent years several studies dealt with the problem of measuring patterns of autonomic responses towards emotions. Nevertheless whether there are emotion specific patterns is discussed controversially (Vernet-Maury et al. 1999; Cacioppo et al. 2000; Barrett 2006). Furthermore, there are again few studies dealing with sounds and haptical impressions (Kreibig 2010). Aim of the present study was to arouse a feeling of disgust through different sensory stimuli. 125 subjects were tested. Before measurement started all subjects were tested concerning restrictions of their sense perception. The participants were confronted with disgusting and neutral pictures, sounds, odours and haptical impressions. These stimuli were separated into three categories: spoiled food, sick person and feces. Additionally always one category was labeled and with a part of the subjects a repetition of measurement was realized. After presentation of each stimulus, participants rated the evoked basic emotion, valence and arousal. During all measurements, patterns of the ANS (heart rate, systolic blood pressure and skin conductance level) were recorded. The analysis based on the ratings, patterns of the ANS, sex and on the repetition measurements. The essential results were as follows: 1. All potential disgusting stimuli evoked a feeling of disgust. Additionally, sounds and haptical impression also evoked surprise. Visual stimuli were rated as most disgusting. Stimulation of different senses induced a different activation of the autonomic nervous system. In accordance with the current literature (Barrett 2006) a general disgust specific behavior could not be proofed. 2. Females felt more disgusted while watching related pictures. This is in line with previous studies (Rozin et al. 1999; Curtis et al. 2004). Furthermore, females showed partly a higher sympathetic activation if confronted with sounds odours and haptical stimuli. 3. The label enhanced feelings of disgust for haptical impressions and odours, only. The label led to a higher deceleration of systolic blood pressure after presentation of disgusting odours. This is in accordance to the previously described suggestibility in olfaction (Herz und von Clef 2001; Bensafi et al. 2007). It can be supposed that there is such an associative component for haptical impressions. 4. Concerning the repetitive measurements no habituation for sounds and odours was found, in contrast to pictures and haptical impressions. Autonomous measurements showed no sensitization. In conclusion, it is not possible to finally judge, whether there is a disgust specific behavior of patterns of ANS or not. This depends on several factors, including the senses disgust is evoked through. Also gender differences and repetitive measurement affect the feeling of disgust. All these aspects were considered in this study and were discussed controversially. This study does not raise the claim to completeness. However, it helps to clarify and classify the inconsistent results in literature by pointing out the relevance of the different sensory channels

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50

Kassogue, Yada. "La migration féminine face aux mesures de restriction au pays dogon (Mali)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH205.

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Au cœur de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, le Mali est un pays où la migration est ancrée de longue date dans les pratiques de la société. Le Pays dogon connait une forte migration rurale, comme la plupart des zones du Mali, mais se singularise par l’existence d’une organisation locale de la restriction de la migration féminine, assortie de sanctions. La majorité des chercheurs qui ont étudié les Dogon ont focalisé leur attention sur la culture traditionnelle et les mythes, au détriment des réalités sociales. Loin de ces stéréotypes, l’étude de la migration révèle des dynamiques locales tout à fait contemporaines. Dans les villages dogons, la migration saisonnière ne semblait toucher pendant longtemps que les jeunes hommes à la recherche d’un travail ponctuel rémunéré. Si cette forme classique de migration a des impacts sur l’organisation sociale locale, notamment pour la crise de main-d’œuvre qu’elle suscite, le départ des jeunes femmes semble lui entraîner une transformation des normes sociales. Cette thèse montre que la recherche du trousseau de mariage, qui a longtemps été la principale cause de la migration féminine interne au Mali, est en train d’être rejointe par d’autres ambitions. Les femmes saisissent la migration pour bénéficier d’avantages ou marges de liberté qui améliorent leur vie quotidienne et, plus encore, leur vie maritale. Les hommes justifient la mise en place du contrôle local de la migration de travail des femmes par ses conséquences néfastes. Les efforts de l’état et des ONG pour limiter la migration échouent largement et sont sous-tendus par des arguments similaires. Ce contrôle se maintient dans les villages malgré l’existence d’une gestion institutionnelle des migrations de la population. Sur la base d’une enquête ethnographique, ce travail analyse les divergences générationnelles dans une perspective genrée pour éclairer les enjeux sociaux de la migration féminine, au-delà de ses enjeux économiques. Analysant les craintes masculines d’une transformation des principes et des procédures des alliances matrimoniales, il met en avant les stratégies féminines qui sous-tendent la migration, en éclairant les formes de résistance et d’autonomisation qu’elle autorise
In the heart of West Africa, Mali is a country where migration has long been anchored in the practices of society. Like most areas of Mali, Dogon country experiences significant rural-to-urban migration. At the same time, women are restricted from migrating by local organizations and sanctions. The majority of researchers who have studied the Dogon have focused their attention on traditional culture and myths, to the detriment of social realities. Far from these stereotypes, the study of migration reveals local dynamics that are quite contemporary. In Dogon villages, seasonal migration was long seen as affecting only young men looking for temporary work. This classic form of migration has an impact on local social organization, especially for the manpower crisis it causes. The departure of young women, however, leads to a transformation of social norms. This thesis shows that the search for the marriage trousseau, which had long been the cause of internal female migration in Mali, is being joined by other ambitions. Women seize the opportunity to migrate in order to gain benefits or freedoms, which improve their daily lives and their marital life. Men cite the harmful consequences of this migration to justify local control of women's movement. State and nongovernmental organizations’ efforts to limit migration largely fail and are underpinned by similar arguments. This control is maintained in the villages despite the existence of institutional management of population migrations. Through ethnographic research at the origins and destinations of young women from Dogon country, this research examines generational changes from a gender perspective to illuminate the social stakes of female migration. Analyzing men’s fears of a transformation of the principles and procedures of marriage alliances, it highlights women’s strategies, illuminating the forms of resistance and empowerment that migration allows

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Autonomic changes'

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