Journal articles on the topic 'Automobiles – Motors – Exhaust system'
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1
Solomin, V. A., A. V. Shabanov, A. A. Shabanov, V. M. Kiliushnik, and A. V. Mladenskiy. "Increasing the efficiency of the catalytic converter." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66928.
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The article deals with the efficiency of the catalytic converter of automobiles in operation with the aim of solving the problem of reducing the pollution of the atmospheric air by the exhaust gases of automobiles. The problem of reducing emissions of harmful substances of vehicles is considered to be one of the main. The article presents calculations of the efficiency of the neutralizer at various operating conditions of the internal combustion engine, and factors influencing the process of oxidation-reduction reactions are determined. It is shown that a small amount of oxygen (О2) to the neutralizer limits the oxidation processes and does not give a good reduction efficiency for CO and CH. At an О2 concentration of 1.7 to 0.75% up to the neutralizer, the efficiency of the oxidation reactions in the neutralizer is maximal. The main requirements for the process of catalyzing harmful emissions and the disadvantages of modern neutralizers are considered. The main contribution to emissions of CO and CH is made by the modes of starting and warming up of engine. This is especially felt in the cycle of "cold tests" of the automobile under the UN Rules No. 83-06. Emissions of hydrocarbons increase proportionally with a decrease in engine temperature. In this regard, new types of neutralizers are provided to ensure the achievement of catalytic reactor activity at a lower temperature than those currently used on automobiles, as well as on-board vehicle diagnostic systems that support the environmental characteristics of vehicles in operation. The reasons for the "aging" of the neutralizer during its operation, the methods for diagnosing the neutralizer for the purpose of assessing its technical condition and on-board monitoring systems are analyzed. The urgency of the task of improving the design of the automobile in terms of limiting toxicity and the system of technical control in operation was noted. Improvement of the environmental control of vehicles is primarily related to the operability of on-board diagnostic systems of the car in operation and the catalytic neutralization system. The normative base of the Russian Federation and the EU in the field of environmental control of motor vehicles in operation is given.
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Solomin, V. A., A. V. Shabanov, A. A. Shabanov, V. M. Kilyushnik, and A. V. Mladenskiy. "Analysis of methods and means of ecological control of harmful emissions of exhaust gases of automobiles." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66942.
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The problem of reduction of atmospheric air pollution by exhaust gases is discussed. A brief assessment of the impact of transport on the environment is given. The components of the pollutants are discussed. It is noted that in considering this problem, the methods of measurement and control of harmful emissions of the vehicles play a crucial role. The emphasis on the subject is made at the normative Russian and international standards, UN Rules and adoption of purposeful measures in the field of environmental protection during vehicles operation. The modern methods and devices used for the measurement of emissions of harmful substances of exhaust gases of automobiles are given. The conformity of the newly introduced vehicles to environmental requirements of international normative documents (UN Rules) on the emissions of harmful substances applies to a large extent the accuracy of measurement of gas analysis equipment. It is associated with a significant reduction of the measured values of concentrations of harmful emissions for vehicles of the ecological class EURO-5. It was noted that today especially relevant becomes the problem not only to improve the vehicle design from the point of limiting toxicity, but also improvement of technical control in operation. The lack of control and low level of maintenance lead to the breakdown of the normal operation of units and systems of the vehicle, which leads to increased emissions of harmful substances into the atmospheric air. As a result, all the efforts of the automotive industry to improve engine and neutralization systems to ensure environmental standards can be mitigated. In this regard, there were proposed approaches for the improvement of methods of technical control of vehicles. Substantially improvements of environmental control of motor vehicles are connected with performance of the onboard diagnostic systems of the vehicle in operation and neutralization systems. In order to guarantee their effective functioning during the life of the vehicle it is proposed to establish a system of replacement of catalytic converters of a vehicle failed during operation of the vehicle.
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Gao, Shixiang. "Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Real-time Charging of Electric Vehicles Based on Deep Learning." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2066, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2066/1/012106.
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Abstract In recent years, the automotive industry has informed the development situation. Under the problems related to automobile exhaust emissions and serious air pollution and energy shortages, new electric vehicles have sufficient advantages due to their low emissions, high energy efficiency, and low noise. It has been recognized by the people and governments of all countries. The research purpose of this paper is to meet the electricity demand of users, adopt the boundary model of charging and discharging energy and fully adopt deep learning to optimize the real-time charging optimization scheduling strategy of electric vehicles. In order to meet the electricity demand of users, the charge-discharge energy boundary model is used to characterize the charge-discharge behavior of electric vehicles. After the day-ahead training and parameter saving of the proposed model, according to the real-time state of system operation at each moment of the day, the charge-discharge scheduling strategy at that moment is generated. It is verified that the proposed charging scheduling method based on deep reinforcement learning can effectively reduce the power fluctuations in the microgrid and reduce the daily charge and discharge costs on the premise of meeting the charging needs of users; during the development of electric vehicles, different electronic components, especially the power consumption of electric motors, must be faced. A deep learning algorithm based on an improved recurrent neural network (MRNN) is proposed. The system is modeled according to different data and parameters inside the vehicle, and the network is modeled by the MRNN deep learning algorithm. Carry on training, predict the power demand and provide the best power, so as to expand the mileage, better optimize the power distribution of the motor, and compare the improved models. Experimental research results show that the efficiency of the related scheduling strategy model is increased by about 37.2% compared with the traditional model. The proposed method is fast in calculation and does not require iterative calculation, which fully meets the needs of real-time scheduling.
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Min Xu, Jian, Shuiting Zhou, and Shui xuan Chen. "An Analysis of the Vibration Characteristics of Automotive Exhaust Systems and Optimization of Suspension Points." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 574–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01408010574.
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In order to reduce the impact of automotive exhaust systems on the vehicle vibration, finite element modal analyses of the exhaust system of a motor vehicle are conducted in its natural state, partially constraints state and fully constraints state. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the exhaust system are obtained. The harmonic analysis is conducted on the basis of the modal analysis. The results show that: the vibration amplitude of the exhaust system at lowspeed operating condition is relatively bigger than that of the exhaust system in high-speed conditions. The excitation frequency of the engine at the idle and economy speed can avoid the natural frequency of the exhaust system, so it can be stated that the system has good dynamic characteristics. Suspension points on the exhaust system are optimized and the optimal mounting points are located based on the method of the average drive DOF displacement (ADDOFD). The study has practical significance for reducing the vibration of automobile exhaust systems and the vehicle.
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Qin, Dong-Sheng, and Chang-Yuan Gao. "Control Measures for Automobile Exhaust Emissions in PM2.5 Governance." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (April 11, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8461406.
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This paper analyses the correlation between automobile exhaust, PM2.5, and air pollution to explore the rate of contribution of automobile exhaust to PM2.5 pollution and the effect of government regulation on automobile exhaust gas. The results show that the atmosphere is hazy and that car exhaust is the main cause of PM2.5 pollution. This paper divides the governance strategy into two methods: reducing the number of motor vehicles and reducing the emissions capacity of motor vehicles. It also analyses the effects of congestion control on public car travel and establishes a dynamic game model. To strengthen the influence of supervision on enterprises with regard to purifying devices and restrictions, this study also creates a “prisoner’s dilemma” model. The final results of the study show that restriction measures can effectively relieve road pressure. Additionally, congestion costs can alleviate environmental pressure, but it is difficult to determine the costs, and the difficulty of implementation increases. Increasing enterprises’ installation of purifying devices is not advisable or desirable in the short term. Finally, the paper offers some suggestions for the maintenance of the atmospheric environment and the management of automobile exhaust: (1) improve the national green transport system and environmental protection awareness; (2) advocate public transport as a mode of travel; and (3) reduce the use of buses and popularize new energy vehicles.
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Shepelev, V., A. Gritsenko, and G. Salimonenko. "Control of hydrocarbon emissions when changing the technical condition of the exhaust system of modern cars." FME Transactions 49, no. 3 (2021): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2103749s.
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The most applicable ICE monitoring method is selective control followed by individual corrections for the current technical condition. The combination of a gas analyzer installed individually in each collector, a motor tester, and a loader which provides test modes makes it possible to recognize failures of exhaust and other systems with high accuracy and to assign an individual corrective action to ensure specified environmental and economic parameters. We developed a generalized mathematical model of changes in the composition of exhaust gases depending on changes in the resistance of the catalytic converter, the spark gap of the spark plug, and the capacity of the electromagnetic nozzle.
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Marciniak, Andrzej. "Analysis of solutions of automatic exhaust systems for car vehicles." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (September 7, 2018): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.055.
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The article contains an analysis of the solutions of automatic fire extinguishing systems used in motor vehicles. Automobile vehicle fires do not occur as often as fires in buildings, but in the event of such a situation pose a threat to people and the environment. The motor vehicle is a conglomerate of combustible materials such as fuel, other combustible liquids and solid equipment materials such as polymers and other plastics. The article is an attempt to systematize and analyze currently used extinguishing devices. The analysis includes used extinguishing media and a review of selected technical solutions of individual systems
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André, Marc-Olivier, Christophe Gassmann, and Paolo Reghenzi. "Torque motors as actuators in intake and exhaust system." MTZ worldwide 67, no. 6 (June 2006): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03227853.
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Baek, Bok H., Rizzieri Pedruzzi, Minwoo Park, Chi-Tsan Wang, Younha Kim, Chul-Han Song, and Jung-Hun Woo. "The Comprehensive Automobile Research System (CARS) – a Python-based automobile emissions inventory model." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 12 (June 21, 2022): 4757–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4757-2022.
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Abstract. The Comprehensive Automobile Research System (CARS) is an open-source Python-based automobile emissions inventory model designed to efficiently estimate high-quality emissions from motor vehicle emission sources. It can estimate air pollutant, greenhouse gas, and air toxin criteria at any spatial resolution based on the spatiotemporal resolutions of input datasets. The CARS is designed to utilize local vehicle activity data, such as vehicle travel distance, road-link-level network geographic information system (GIS) information, and vehicle-specific average speed by road type, to generate an automobile emissions inventory for policymakers, stakeholders, and the air quality modeling community. The CARS model adopted the European Environment Agency's on-road automobile emissions calculation methodologies to estimate the hot exhaust, cold start, and evaporative emissions from on-road automobile sources. It can optionally utilize average speed distribution (ASD) of all road types to reflect more realistic vehicle speed variations. In addition, through utilizing high-resolution road GIS data, the CARS can estimate the road-link-level emissions to improve the inventory's spatial resolution. When we compared the official 2015 national mobile emissions from Korea's Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) against the ones estimated by the CARS, there is a significant increase in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (33 %) and carbon monoxide (CO) (52 %) measured, with a slight increase in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) (15 %) emissions. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) and sulfur oxide (SOx) measurements are reduced by 24 % and 17 %, respectively, in the CARS estimates. The main differences are driven by different vehicle activities and the incorporation of road-specific ASD, which plays a critical role in hot exhaust emission estimates but was not implemented in Korea's CAPSS mobile emissions inventory. While 52 % of vehicles use gasoline fuel and 35 % use diesel, gasoline vehicles only contribute 7.7 % of total NOx emissions, whereas diesel vehicles contribute 85.3 %. However, for VOC emissions, gasoline vehicles contribute 52.1 %, whereas diesel vehicles are limited to 23 %. Diesel buses comprise only 0.3 % of vehicles and have the largest contribution to NOx emissions (8.51 % of NOx total) per vehicle due to having longest daily vehicle kilometer travel (VKT). For VOC emissions, compressed natural gas (CNG) buses are the largest contributor at 19.5 % of total VOC emissions. For primary PM2.5, more than 98.5 % is from diesel vehicles. The CARS model's in-depth analysis feature can assist government policymakers and stakeholders in developing the best emission abatement strategies.
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Nagaraj, Nayak S., N. Kapilan, and Prabhu S. Sadashiva. "Modeling of Urea-Water Solution Injection Spray in SCR System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.583.
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To control the emissions from the diesel engines of modern automobiles, it requires the development of adequate and advanced exhaust gas aftertreatment devices. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is a method that can be used in mobile diesel engine aftertreatment systems to reduce harmful NOx emissions. Due to the toxicity and handling problems of ammonia, currently injection of a liquid Urea-Water Solution (UWS) into the exhaust stream approach is used. The water evaporates and the urea undergoes thermal decomposition producing ammonia that reacts with the NOx in the exhaust gas inside a SCR catalyst to produce nitrogen and water vapor. This work presents the study of UWS injection spray using commercial available CFD code, Fire v8.3. The evaporation of water from a single droplet of UWS is investigated theoretically and droplets are treated with Lagrangian particle tracking. Simulation study at different exhaust gas temperatures and injector locations is carried out and compared with experimental values. Thus, the present study results predict the local distribution and the conversion of the reducing agent.
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Tomori, M. O., and O. F. Mustapha. "Implementation of Hybrid Controlled Vehicle Braking Method for the Design of Collision Avoidance Systems In Vehicles." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/digital/v10n2p7.
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According to data from the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration, human error is to blame for at least 90% of all car collisions. This information has intensified the focus on the design and development of collision avoidance systems in automobiles. This paper presents a semi-automated braking system to increase the accuracy of collision avoidance systems by reducing errors on the vehicle’s driver part. The methodology used combines the use of a microprocessor for analyzing data from sensors aided by servo motors, sending information to output devices for the alarm system and electric motors, and integrated circuits to implement hybridized engagement of vehicle brake. The braking system can be manually applied but can interfere and bring the vehicle to a halt once it has been determined that the driver has lost control of maneuvering the vehicle. The implemented system was able to determine the separation distances between automobiles and obstacles, give warning employing alarm set-up and engage braking at a minimum separation distance that is provided with an average response time of 0.86 s and a percentage error of 12.8% during operation. Keywords: Hybrid Controlled Vehicle Braking Method, Collision Avoidance Systems In Vehicles
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Maddheshiya, Devendra. "Methods Used to Enhance the Conversion Efficiency of Exhaust Based Thermoelectric Generator." International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IJERMCE) 9, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ijermce/09.05.a001.
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Majority of the current thermal power generation technologies first convert thermal energy into mechanical energy before producing electricity. Thermoelectric Generation Technology therefore, is one of the budding conversion method, which can directly convert low-grade thermal energy into electrical energy by using thermoelectric compounds (materials). But energy generated by such a system is very low making it difficult for implementation.Therefore the focus of this study is to review the basic principle of thermoelectricity and it’s process to convert waste heat from exhaust of automobiles into electricity. Furthermore, the study delves into the methods to enhance the conversion efficiency of automotive exhaust thermoelectric generators.
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Radhakrishnan, Dhanasekaran, Raja R, Srikari Srinivasan, and Libin George Alexander. "Performance of Thermal Barrier Coating on Exhaust System Component." ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology 1, no. 1 (November 10, 2021): pp43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.1.0.6.
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Thermal management in automobiles is important to keep the passenger cabin and heat sensitive components away from thermal effects. Hence various types of insulation methods are used to reduce the thermal effects. Heatshields are the most common method of thermal insulation. They can be classified into various types based on their construction architecture and insulation materials. Some of the heat shielding systems contain fibre materials that are hazardous to health due to their carcinogenic effects and hence not recommended. With increasing space constraints in the compact vehicle architecture designs, packaging space is premium, limiting the size of heatshields. In addition, from durability aspect, heatshields alone are not adequate to withstand high temperatures during the service life of exhaust systems. Hence the role of Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) as an alternative solution comes effective. TBC’s are ceramic coatings which can take care of extended heat loads and temperature differences. This coating not only provides thermal insulation but also improves the fatigue life of substrate material. Hence in this paper, the application of TBC on exhaust system components with respect to thermal insulation and thermo mechanical fatigue are studied. Virtual analysis and physical test are carried out to validate the results. TBC coating on exhaust component shows promising results.
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Sakuraba, Takahiro, Naoki Uchiyama, Shigenori Sano, and Tatsuhiko Sakaguchi. "Design and Experimental Verification of a Wheeled Mobile System with a Spring-Based Regenerative Brake." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 21, no. 4 (July 20, 2017): 751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2017.p0751.
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In human-operated mechanical systems such as automobiles, electric bicycles, and electric wheelchairs, energy saving is an important criterion. Hybrid systems consisting of combustion engines and electric motors have found successful applications in automobiles. However, it is difficult to apply this type of hybrid system to personal mobilities and industrial machines in a factory, as there is a requirement to reduce their energy consumption owing to recent environmental and energy resource problems. Therefore, a previous study has focused on the use of a mechanical spring as a regenerative brake in a hybrid bicycle. This study, however, presents a new type of hybrid system that includes the use of a mechanical spring. An experimental wheeled mobile system is designed, and its effectiveness is confirmed through comparative experiments in which a reduction of more than 30% in the consumed energy is achieved in acceleration periods as compared to a conventional system.
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Kassim, Muna S., and Ammar Fadhil Hussein Al-Maliki. "Experimental Study of Pipes Shape Effect on Noise Reduction." Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences 5, no. 1 (April 12, 2017): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol5.iss1.66.
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Internal combustion engine is a major source of noise pollution. These engines are used for various purposes such as, in power plants, automobiles, locomotives, and in various manufacturing machineries. The noise is caused by two reasons; the first reason is the pulses which created when the burst of high pressure gas suddenly enters the exhaust system, while the second reason is the friction of various parts of the engine where the exhaust noise is the most dominant. The limitation of the noise caused by the exhaust system is accomplished by the use of silencers and mufflers. The aim of this study is the reduction of the noise by changing its inlet and outlet pipe length and shape. Also the losses in noise for different length and shapes have been investigated experimentally. The results show that the corrugated pipe is preferable for noise reduction.
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Xian, Ming Li, and Qing Huang Yong. "Test and Analysis of Exhaust Pollutants from Automobiles Based on GPS Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 40-41 (November 2010): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.40-41.675.
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Taking the actual running vehicles on the urban roads of Ningpo City as the object of study, by using the brand-new on-vehicle automobile exhaust real-time testing system, and through actual testing by tracking the running vehicles and real-time data gathering, The paper analyzed urban road operating conditions, the vehicle emission situation on the actual roads, obtained the relations between the operating conditions, the speed and emissions and the law by which the automobile operating conditions affect the automobile exhausts.
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Khan, Muhammad, Ali Kazim, Ghulam Uddin, Jawad Sarwar, Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad Danish, and Aqsa Shabbir. "Thermoelectric waste heat recovery of an automotive IC engine using (Na, K) co-doped polycrystalline tin selenide (SnSe)." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200620300k.
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Recent developments in converting the thermal energy of exhaust gasses of automobiles into electric power directly, require an extensive simulation and design of appropriate thermoelectric generation system. This work aims to create a physical model of engine exhaust system using Simscape language to simulate waste heat recovery from the exhaust gasses using (Na, K) co-doped polycrystalline tin selenide (SnSe) thermoelectric material. This particular material exhibits a high Seebeck coefficient and extremely low lattice thermal conductivity in power generation because of phonons scattering by the rattlers (Na, K atoms) and Nano-structuring. In the MATLAB/Simulink environment, a transient simulation is done for the recovery of waste heat from a 1.5 liters engine using these specific material-based thermoelectric modules. According to the results obtained, at the temperature gradient of 285 K across its sides, electrical power of 10.4 watts with a conversion efficiency of almost 5 percent is produced from one module. The total system output power was 477 watts at the exhaust gas inlet temperature of 900 K to the octagonal heat exchanger on which the modules are mounted.
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Justin Dhiraviam, F., V. Naveen Prabhu, T. Suresh, and C. Selva Senthil Prabhu. "Improved Efficiency in Engine Cooling System by Repositioning of Turbo Inter Cooler." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 792–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.792.
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Turbochargers are an integral part of today’s modern diesel engines and are a major reason that they are able to produce more power. Unlike a super charger that is driven via a belt from the engine, a turbo takes the exhaust that the engine is producing and puts it to good use. As Turbochargers are driven by exhaust, heat is an unwelcome by product and something that wasn’t really taken into account in automobiles. Then those intercoolers started to come into play in turbocharged automobiles. The forced air produced by the turbocharger is routed through the intercooler where its temperature is reduced before reaching the engine. The use of intercoolers has made turbocharged vehicles far more reliable and, in the case of today’s heavy duty diesel trucks, is a very important component. The inlet air of an IC engine from turbocharger temperature is very much high (due to compression) means oxygen content is very much less. And also air with high temperature causes pre-ignition and detonation. So fuel combustion does not take place properly. Inter Cooling of inlet air is very much essential according to performance point of view. Turbo intercoolers are used for cooling the inlet air of an IC engine from turbo chargers. Moreover cooling of air makes it denser and contributes for better combustion and more power they are mounted close to the radiators for achieving lower air temperature. This arrangement affects the performance of both. So in this project an attempt will be made to increase the efficiency of the turbo intercooler arrangement through design modification and repositioning of intercooler by taking the TATA MARCOPOLO-Star Bus 909 as a reference.
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Gritsenko, А. V., K. V. Glemba, and G. N. Salimonenko. "SUBSTANTIATION OF THE METHOD FOR DIAGNOSING THE IGNITION SYSTEM OF AUTOMOBILE PETROL ENGINES BY EXHAUST GAS TOXICITY PARAMETERS IN INDIVIDUAL CYLINDERS." Intellect. Innovations. Investments, no. 5 (2022): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2022-5-58.
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It is known that the proportion of failures of the elements of the power supply system of automobile piston engines reaches 45% of all its failures, including 9% of cases are failures of the elements of the ignition system. An analysis of this statistics shows that spark plugs are most susceptible to wear, overheating and significant loading. The range of resource parameters of spark plugs offered by manufacturers within 10-60 thousand km aggravates the situation of timely replacement. It was revealed that the period for replacing spark plugs can be adjusted, since their guaranteed resource sometimes does not correspond to the declared one. It has been determined that the means used for diagnosing the ignition system (in the classic version: a motor-tester, a gas analyzer) do not allow to accentuate the load on a separate element and bring it to an extreme operating mode, in which hidden failures appear. The sensitivity and reliability of existing methods are at a low level, because Many factors influence the shape of the oscillogram, including interference in the measuring circuit and measurement errors, the need for frequent calibration of the measuring channels, which introduces a significant error in the diagnostic process. The purpose of the research is to increase the reliability of diagnosing the elements of the ignition system of automobile engines based on the analysis of toxicity parameters during selective sampling of exhaust gases in test modes. A method for troubleshooting and assessing the technical condition of the elements of the ignition system in test modes with selective sampling of exhaust gases is proposed, for the implementation of which a software and hardware complex for test diagnostics has been developed. On the basis of the developed methods, a methodology for the comprehensive determination of the technical condition of spark plugs in the engines of VAZ and GAZ vehicles was created based on the results of the analysis of the composition of exhaust gases on comparative nomograms. Scientific novelty: a mathematical model of the change in the secondary voltage depending on the spark interelectrode gap of the spark plug has been developed; the relationship between the breakdown voltage in the interelectrode gap of the spark plug and the air density in the chamber of the test device is established, where the most significant factor is the discrepancy between the interelectrode gap of the spark plug to its nominal value: the dependence of the parameters of the composition and content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases on the technical condition of the elements of the ignition system in individual engine cylinders. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of continuous monitoring of the elements of the ignition system by the test method, in particular the spark plugs of the ignition system, taking into account the individual contribution of each spark plug to the exhaust process and the content of toxicity parameters in the exhaust gases. Further research on this topic should be extended to other brands of cars, as well as gas engine installations with elements of automating the diagnostic process.
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Kulkarni, Mahesh V., and Ravindra B. Ingle. "Attenuation analysis and acoustic pressure levels for double expansion chamber reactive muffler: Part 2." Noise & Vibration Worldwide 49, no. 6 (June 2018): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957456518781859.
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The major source responsible for noise pollution is internal combustion engine. These engines are used for various purposes such as in automobiles, locomotives, and in various manufacturing machineries. In an engine, the exhaust noise and the noise produced due to friction of various parts of the engine share maximum contribution to noise pollution. Muffler is a device used to reduce noise within the exhaust system. It is arranged along the exhaust pipe for the purpose of noise attenuation. The paper describes the propagation of pressure wave in a double expansion chamber reactive muffler. The approach is useful in analysis of damping for propagation of harmonic pressure waves. The purpose of paper is to describe the finite element analysis of double expansion chamber reactive muffler using pressure acoustics and to validate it with experimental evaluation using two-load method.
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Syed Bahari, Syed Najib, and Wan Ahmad Wan Yusoff. "Quality Improvement in Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) System Using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) Methodology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 165 (April 2012): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.165.290.
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This paper intends to present the application of FMEA method on Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) system. Catalytic converter of auto-exhaust emission is one of the most successful applications of heterogeneous catalysis, both in commercial and environmental point of view. FMEA method will be applied to this system to quantitatively determine and evaluate its risk factors. This method is being employed effectively for identifying and addressing what potentially could go wrong with a product or process. It is expected to enhance the lifetime of the TWC by improving its resistance to deactivation. It is widely accepted that FMEA is one of the best quality improvement tool. For the last several decades, FMEA has been widely used in industry especially in automotive sectors. This research will cover mostly on the system and design of the TWC itself as the most important part for controlling the exhaust emission from automobiles. By improving its resistance to deactivation will contribute to longer lifetime of automotive catalytic converter.
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Ryu, Younghyun, Taewoo Kim, Jungsik Kim, and Jeonggil Nam. "Investigation on the Emission Characteristics with a Wet-Type Exhaust Gas Cleaning System for Marine Diesel Engine Application." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110850.
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Global air pollution regulations are becoming stricter for large diesel engines powering automobiles and ships. In the automotive sector, Euro 4 regulations came into force in January 2013 in accordance with European Union (EU) emission standards for heavy-duty diesel engines and are based on steady-state testing. In the marine sector, the International Maritime Organization(IMO) Maritime Environment Protection Committee(MEPC) is a group of experts who discuss all problems related to the prevention and control of marine pollution from ships, such as efforts to reduce ozone-depleting substances and greenhouse gas emissions. To reduce the harmful emissions from marine diesel engines, a wet-type exhaust gas cleaning system was developed in this study. As a test, seawater, electrolyzed water, and sodium hydroxide were sequentially injected into the exhaust gas. SO2 was reduced by 98.7–99.6% with seawater injection, NOx by 43.2–48.9% with electrolyzed water injection, and CO2 by 28.0–33.3% with sodium hydroxide injection.
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Wang, Cun Xian, Shuo Shuo Wei, and Fan Zhang. "Development of Automatic Detection System for EGR Valve Position Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 1166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.1166.
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As an effective way for controlling emission of nitrogen oxide, EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) has been widely used in automobiles. EVP (EGR valve position sensor) is a key component in EGR and functions as obtaining the accurate EGR valve opening position for governing the recirculation volume of exhaust gas. Its overall quality and working accuracy affect the performance of EGR directly and must be detected stringently before delivered from the factory. To solve the problems of labor intensity, low detecting efficiency, big deviation results with traditional EVP manual detection equipment in an automotive electronics company, an automatic detection system for EVP is developed based on PLC and industrial microcomputer. The working principle and structure of the system and design of EVP detection fixture are present, and hardware and software of its control system are developed in the paper. Three function modules, that are manual operation, automatic operation and data statistical analysis, are described in more detail. The practical application shows that the automatic detection system for EVP can achieve detection process flexibility, increase detection efficiency and accuracy greatly and solve the problems with traditional method effectively.
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Pokusaev, Mikhail Nikolaevich, Konstantin Evgenievich Khmelnitsky, Alexei Alekseevich Kadin, and Alexei Viktorovich Sergeev. "Design and evaluating efficiency of gas exhaust system silencer of outboard motor SEA PRO 2.5." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2021, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2021-1-81-87.
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The article presents the results of developing and evaluating the effectiveness of the silencer of outboard motor SEA PRO 2.5 made in China. The experiments were carried out in a large experimental pool of Astrakhan State Technical University, with the use of a noise meter-spectrum analyzer Ecophysics-110 of the first class, with the software Signal+3G Light. In the theoretical analysis of the development, it has been suggested that the efficiency of silencers of exhaust systems of outboard motors could have a smaller effect than with cars, since at underwater exhaust the noise reduction will occur from the water layer when the motor is submerged. It has been proved that using a silencer in underwater exhaust systems of outboard motors can increase the aerodynamic drag for gases and reduce power. To test the theoretical assumptions, there was made a silencer for the gas exhaust system of the outboard motor SEA PRO 2.5 from stainless steel perforated sponge. It was determined that the net effect of the silencer (excluding water silencing) could be heard at low frequencies (up to 125 Hz) and makes up to 12.7 dba at full speed of the motor. The average equivalent sound level is reduced up to 4.5 dba at low speed, and at full speed of the outboard motor is practically not evident. In addition, the outboard motor noise level was reduced by water and made at full speed up to 22 dba for frequencies over 2000 Hz; for average equivalent noise level it made 15 dba. The combination of noise reduction by water and by a silencer helps to reduce noise at low and high sound frequencies, which is a positive effect of the developed device.
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Mamytov, K. Zh, O. K. Beisenbayev, V. F. Shvets, and K. K. Syrmanova. "The Multifunctional Automobile Gasoline Additive on the Basis of Amino-Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Oxygen-Containing Compounds." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 14, no. 3 (May 23, 2012): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj121.
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Octane improvement can be attained by two ways. They are increasing the high-octane oil fraction output and using the alternative antiknock additive. The first method is reasonable for countries with developed oil refining system, which possess sufficient capacities for catalytic cracking, isomerization and alkylation. At this time the second version is more suitable to Kazakhstan’s oils. The additive is represented in the paper; this additive allows to increase antiknock properties (octane number) and to decrease harmful component content in exhaust gases, tar deposit on engine feed system as well as to extend the term of service of catalysts for exhaust gas purification. Regulation the high knock characteristic of gasoline is one of requirements to motor fuel producers. It is attained by up-to-date technological processes using with minimal hydrocarbon material losses associated with it’s conversion into less valuable side products. Aromatic amines are ammonia derivatives like fatty amines. An amine group can be bonded with a nuclear directly or be in a lateral chain. Like in aliphatic series aromatic amines can be primary, secondary and tertiary ones. Depending on radicals (aromatic only or aromatic and aliphatic) bonded with an atom of nitrogen, pure aromatic and fatty aromatic amines are distinguished. N-methylaniline (monomethylaniline, extraline) refers to the substituted arylamine class. High-antiknock additive MMA and thereupon basis additives are used at petroleum refining enterprises to adjust gasoline octane number in production of any mark gasoline. MMA conforms to up-to-date European standards in physicalchemical and operational properties. MMA is several times more cost-efficient than MTBE. To increase octane number from 76 till 92, 2.5% ММА is required.
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Izmaylov, A. Yu, G. S. Savel'ev, M. N. Kochetkov, E. V. Ovchinnikov, and S. Yu Uyutov. "The automobile and tractor diesel engine, adapted to work on the liquefied hydrocarbon gas on the gas-diesel process." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 12, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66820.
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The investigations were carried out on the brake bench equipment of the D-243 diesel engine manufactured by the Minsk motor plant. The system of distributed supply of the liquefied hydrocarbon gas with an ignition charge of diesel fuel by automatically changing the gas injection angle and incorporating into the exhaust gas recirculation system into the intake manifold was subjected to the tests. Adaptation of the diesel engine allows the feed system to work as in diesel mode and as well in gas-diesel mode, with the electronic control of diesel fuel supply in the “diesel” mode is more accurate and contributes to lower fuel consumption and more complete combustion of the diesel fuel into the exhaust manifold. Standard equipment which is widely used for the transfer gasoline engines with ignition from a spark plug, used for distributed supply of the liquefied hydrocarbon gas. The electronic control unit of domestic production was adjusted according to the methodology for controlling the supply of gas through the cylinders developed in the laboratory. The investigations have shown that the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere has decreased on all loading modes of the engine on the gas-diesel process and corresponds to the standard “Euro 4”. Due to half of the cost of liquefied hydrocarbon gas compared to the diesel fuel, the cost of using the latter is reduced by 20…25%. The usage of liquefied hydrocarbon gas in the gas-diesel engines ensures a reduction in the cost of production of agricultural products by 10…12%. These indicators confirm the relevance of scientific researches on the development of a system for adapting the diesel automobile and tractor engine to work on alternative types of fuel.
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Gürbüz, Habib, and Hüsameddin Akçay. "Experimental investigation of an improved exhaust recovery system for liquid petroleum gas fueled spark ignition engine." Thermal Science 19, no. 6 (2015): 2049–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150417181g.
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In this study, we have investigated the recovery of energy lost as waste heat from exhaust gas and engine coolant, using an improved thermoelectric generator (TEG) in a LPG fueled SI engine. For this purpose, we have designed and manufactured a 5-layer heat exchanger from aluminum sheet. Electrical energy generated by the TEG was then used to produce hydrogen in a PEM water electrolyzer. The experiment was conducted at a stoichiometric mixture ratio, 1/2 throttle position and six different engine speeds at 1800-4000 rpm. The results of this study show that the configuration of 5-layer counterflow produce a higher TEG output power than 5-layer parallel flow and 3-layer counterflow. The TEG produced a maximum power of 63.18 W when used in a 5-layer counter flow configuration. This resulted in an improved engine performance, reduced exhaust emission as well as an increased engine speed when LPG fueled SI engine is enriched with hydrogen produced by the PEM electrolyser supported by TEG. Also, the need to use an extra evaporator for the LPG fueled SI engine is eliminated as LPG heat exchangers are added to the fuel line. It can be concluded that an improved exhaust recovery system for automobiles can be developed by incorporating a PEM electrolyser, however at the expense of increasing costs.
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Brahmbhatt, Shubh, Harmish Panchal, Meet Patel, Vikas Thakkar, Prof Krupal Shah, and Prof Bharat Dogra. "Adaptive Headlights System for Four Wheelers: A Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 1553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41476.
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Abstract: This paper focuses on the review of design and working of a microcontroller based Adaptive Headlight System (AHS) for automobiles. The main purpose of this system is to present a cost-effective technique to illuminate blind spots while driving in the night and during the times when the visibility is reduced significantly to make the objects visible in those darkened locations and thereby prevent accidents. The system functions in accordance to the controlled input from microcontroller unit which drives the stepper motors connected to the headlights. The system is also designed to receive input from the indicator switch wherein a full turn is achieved by the headlight mirror when the indicator input is given. Also, the adaptive headlights are automatically switched on when the amount of light measured by a photo diode falls below a threshold, thereby eliminating the need for the driver to switch on the headlights.
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Pokusaev, Mikhail Nikolaevich, Konstantin Evgenievich Khmelnitsky, Anastasia Aleksandrovna Khmelnitskaya, Maxim Michailovich Gorbachev, Alexei Alekseevich Kadin, Elena Valerievna Kadina, Maksim Aleksandrovich Tolochin, and Stanislav Aleksandrovich Prudkov. "Modernizing small model tank for comprehensive testing outboard motors." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2022, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2022-1-7-13.
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The article focuses on modernization of a small model tank in Astrakhan State Technical University, which was used for comprehensive testing of outboard motors and analyzing the exhaust gases of outboard motors for harmful emissions. Modernization was undertaken to expand the types of experiments carried out with outboard motors based on a previously obtained utility model patent RU 196596 U1, 06.03.2020. The small experimental pool was equipped with technical means, such as a device (pipe outlet) for redirecting the water flow from the outboard motor propeller and measuring instruments for determining the level of noise, vibration, temperature, etc. For further testing, it was necessary to evaluate the amount of heat discharged into the water by exhaust gases from the deadwood of the outboard motor, by friction developed by the propeller in the water, by heating during operation of the bevel hypoid gear in the gearbox of the outboard motor, by using various types of lubricating oils. All these caused the need to equip the small experimental pool with thermal insulation to save heat. Due to the special requirements for the thermal insulation of the small experimental pool, namely, a small thickness of the coating, neutrality when interacting with combustible materials and lubricants there was used a heat-insulating paint produced by NPP Termalcom, LLC, Astratek Metal brand. To measure the specific parameters, in particular, noise of the gas exhaust system of an outboard motor, there arose a problem to conduct the experiments in the tank with an open lid, which could result in splashing water during the propeller rotation. A detailed description of technical solutions, designs and principles of action to eliminate the identified shortcomings in a small experimental pool is given.
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Su, Yingsheng, Xin Liu, and Xuejun Li. "Research on Traffic Congestion Based on System Dynamics: The Case of Chongqing, China." Complexity 2020 (March 17, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6123896.
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With the rapid development of society, urban traffic congestion has gradually become an important social problem that many cities need to solve. For Chongqing, traffic congestion not only affects residents’ normal travel but also brings more serious environmental pollution. Aiming at the problem of urban traffic congestion and automobile exhaust pollution, this paper adopts the system dynamics method to establish a model for studying urban traffic congestion system from the perspectives of private cars, trucks, and public transportation. First, we determine city motor vehicle trips as an indicator of the degree of traffic congestion in this paper. Second, we analyze the causal relationship between the growth of private cars, the travel of trucks, public transportation, population, and other factors and then build a model and test the stability of the model. Then, we add some practical policies to the model for policy analysis. Finally, it is concluded that the private car restriction policy is effective in controlling the amount of private car travel, and the purchase restriction policy controls the growth of the number of private cars from the root cause, but the development of public transportation is the most effective treatment measure in the long run.
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Lai, Feng, Hongliang Zhang, Kongfa Zhu, and Man Huang. "Test study and molecular dynamics simulation of Fe3+ modified TiO2 absorbing automobile exhaust." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): e0263040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263040.
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With the growth of the economy, the number of automobiles on the road is fast growing, resulting in substantial environmental pollution from exhaust gas emissions. In the automobile factory, some improvements have been achieved by constructing devices to degrade automobile exhaust. However, although most of the vehicle exhaust emissions have met the national standards, the exhaust gas is superimposed at the same time period due to the increasing traffic volume, making the exhaust emissions seriously reduce the air quality. Therefore, the scholars in the road field began to study new road materials to degrade vehicle exhaust, which has gradually become one of the effective ways to reduce automobile exhaust. Photocatalyst materials have been widely concerned because of their ability to oxidize harmful gases by solar photocatalysis. Yet, the effect has been not satisfactory because of the small light response range of photocatalyst material, which restricts the catalytic effect. In this study, this paper attempts to use Fe3+ to modify the TiO2, which is one of the main photocatalytic materials, to expand the range of light reaction band and to improve the degradation effect of automobile exhaust. The degradation effects of ordinary TiO2 and modified TiO2 on automobile exhaust were compared by test system in the laboratory. The results show that the modified TiO2 can effectively improve the performance of vehicle exhaust degradation. Moreover, the molecular dynamics method was used to establish the channel model of TiO2, and the dynamic process of automobile exhaust diffusion and absorption was simulated. The diffusion law and adsorption process of different types of automobile exhaust gas such as NO, CO, and CO2 in the TiO2 channel were analyzed from the molecular scale through the radial concentration distribution and adsorption energy.
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Boopathi, Nikita Gobichettipalayam, Manoj Shrivatsaan Muthuraman, Ryszad Palka, Marcin Wardach, Pawel Prajzendanc, Edison Gundabattini, Raja Singh Rassiah, and Darius Gnanaraj Solomon. "Modeling and Simulation of Electric Motors Using Lightweight Materials." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 17, 2022): 5183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145183.
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Electric motors are utilitarian devices of great potential as they can limit the amount of pollution by drastically reducing the release of harmful gases. The implementation of the right type of advanced materials plays a vital role in the amelioration of modern automobiles while maintaining and/or improving the performance and efficiency of the electric motor. The use of lightweight materials could result in a better-performing vehicle that can be much less heavy. The replacement of regular cast iron, steel, and aluminum with lightweight materials such as fiber-reinforced polymer, carbon fiber, and polymer composites can reduce the weight of the motor without impacting its performance and improve its energy-saving capacity. This paper explores a way to reduce motor weight by employing a PA6GF30 30% glass fiber-reinforced polymer casing to reduce the weight of the motor while making cooling system modifications. This material was applied to the motor casing, which resulted in a significant reduction in weight compared to the water-cooled electric motor of aluminum (Alloy 195 cast) casing.
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Pokusaev, Mikhail Nikolaevich, Konstantin Evgenievich Khmelnitsky, Anastasia Aleksandrovna Khmelnitskaya, Mikhail Fedorovich Rudenko, Alexei Alekseevich Kadin, and Galina Gennadievna Klochkova. "Modification of design of small experimental tank for complex tests of outboard motors." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2022, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2022-4-19-26.
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When studying the characteristics of the outboard motors with capacity of more than 10 kW weighing over 100 kg at full equipment, the Department of Water Transport Operation of Astrakhan State Technical University needed to change the design of a small experimental tank. Previously, the small experimental tank was adapted for testing outboard motors with capacity not exceeding 8 l/s - 6 kW and weight up to 25 kg having such technical indicators as the screw stop, the developed power of the outboard motor, tank water temperature, exhaust gas temperature, fuel consumption, rate of heating the aquatic environment during the engine operation, the number of revolutions
of the engine crankshaft, the number of revolutions of the screw, with possibility of environmental studies of noise levels, vibration levels, as well as harmful discharges and exhaust emissions of outboard motors by sampling water and gases. In addition to sensors and devices designed to measure technical and environmental indicators, the small experimental tank was previously equipped with an auxiliary equipment: supply and exhaust ventilation, a water level gauge in a basin tank, a steam compressor refrigeration unit, a water supply and drainage system with sampling fittings, a gas sampling probe, a rotary rod for installing a noise meter, a platform with steps, general and local lighting fixtures. There has been illustrated a layout of an experimental tank covered with heat-insulating paint from the outside. In the course of changing the structure there was installed a lifting boom and an external transom. The tank bowl was upgraded by installing a bypass pipe. The described technical solutions have expanded the possibilities of the small experimental tank in conducting the research on outboard motors.
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Shin, Wae Gyeong, Soo Hong Lee, and Young Sik Song. "The Reliability Life Test and Analysis of Wiper Motor for Automobiles." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.605.
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Reliability of automotive parts has been one of the most interesting fields in the automotive industry. Especially wiper motor for automobiles is important part because of improving visual comfort for the driver and the passengers. Therefore, we have dealt with the reliability test procedure of wiper motor. The failures such as wear-out of brush, bearing damage, motor coil burnout are caused by the electrical and mechanical operating for low and high actions of wiper motor. In this research, we have qualitatively selected the efficient test items through the analysis of the life and potential failures of wiper motor. So, wiper motor itself requires an estimation of life causing failure of brush wear out in order to operate the system safely. We have tested six wiper motors. The result is established by employing the weibull plot. We validated the life of wiper motor to the experimental result.
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Riba, Jordi-Roger, Antoni Garcia, and Luís Romeral. "A computer experiment to simulate the dynamic behaviour of electric vehicles driven by switched reluctance motors." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 51, no. 4 (October 2014): 368–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.0008.
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The study of the dynamic behaviour of electric vehicles is being incorporated in the syllabuses of an increasing number of graduate and undergraduate courses. This paper analyses the basic mechanical and electric concepts of electric traction applied to automobiles. For this purpose, in this work the switched reluctance motor is analysed. A model based on MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the behaviour of both the electric motor and the vehicle dynamics is described. It allows students to gain a better understanding of the fundamental mechanical and electrical concepts by simulating the system behavior in an interactive and flexible manner.
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Balaji, G., M. Suriya, M. Vigneshwar, and Saandeep Shapthagiri. "Study of Cerium Silica as a catalyst in CI engine fuelled with plastic oil blend." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2054, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2054/1/012032.
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Abstract Emissions from automobiles cause major damage to the environment NOx is one of those gases responsible for enhancing the greenhouse effect. To overcome these sorts, most vehicles are employed with catalytic converter. Cerium silica is used as a catalytic material to reduce the emissions from the CI engine. Two methods such as impregnation and co-precursor are employed in the preparation of ceria silica. Ceria silica is molded into solid by adding TMOS [Tetra methyl orthosilicate], Absolute ethanol, DI water, Propylene oxide, and cerium salt. The mould used in the exhaust gas as a catalytic material after-treatment system. The study is done to reduce various exhaust emissions. The engine that is employed is a 5.2kW single cylinder CI engine. Plastic oil blend is used in this process to run the engine which is being produced by pyrolysis process from waste plastic materials.
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Priyadarshini, Kompala, Nisanth Sai, Peddi Sai Krishna, and Dr Shruti Bhargava Choubey. "Automatic Tunnel Lighting System for Road Traffic with Auto Exhaust Fan." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 1254–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44035.
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Abstract: The main objective of this project work is to provide intelligent lighting scheme for the tunnels of hill station roads. Tunnel means tubular passage cut through the hill or underground, these tunnels remain in dark always and inside the tunnels proper lighting system are essential to avoid the accidents. In this regard our government is arranging lights and they are glowing continuously irrespective of traffic and lot of energy is wasted. To avoid energy losses at these places, this efficient and intelligent lighting scheme is developed, which works automatically depending up on the road traffic and minimizes the energy consumption. In addition, all the vehicles release the waste (exhaust) gases that may be stagnated in the tunnel, due to lack of circulation with the outside environment. So, a gas detector/sensor is used for sensing these exhaust gases released from the automobiles and pump them outside the tunnel through an exhaust fan automatically. The process begins from the sensors; optical sensors are used for sensing the vehicles and depending up on the traffic density, inside lights of tunnel are controlled automatically. For example, many vehicles entered in to the tunnel from both the sides, all the lights are energized and as the traffic moving forward depending up on the clearance, required lights are energized, during the clearance means no vehicle is inside, all the lights remain in off condition automatically. The system is designed with Microcontroller, four sets of Infra Red sensors are used and they can be arranged either side of the tunnel in by directional mode. All the sensors are interfaced with Microcontroller and the program is prepared such that, depending up on the interrupted signals obtained from the sensors. The sensor used in the project work can detect all types of petroleum gases; in addition, it can detect smoke also. The sensor interfaced with the controller can energize exhaust fan automatically when it detects any type of gas or smoke.
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Chen, Shih Ming, Yu Ying Huang, and Yeng Horng Perng. "Green Ventilation System Design for Underground Garage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 763 (May 2015): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.763.105.
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In recent years, the issues of indoor air quality and thermal comfort in underground garages have attained considerable importance. The purpose of this study is to present a green natural ventilation system with a ventilation shaft connected to the outdoors through a horizontal branch pipe. The system combines with a diaphragm wall and steel cage frame for an underground garage or similar underground enclosed spaces. The design system reduces use of tradition fans and motors used in mechanical ventilation. It improves exhaust from indoor spaces and reduces energy consumption. The green design of the ventilation system in this study is cost effective, saves energy and improves the air quality in an underground garage.
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Heyer, Markus, André Berkefeld, Pascal Voepel, and Barbara Milow. "Advanced Opacified Fiber-Reinforced Silica-Based Aerogel Composites for Superinsulation of Exhaust Tubing Systems in Semi-Stationary Motors." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 2677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122677.
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Within this study, monolithic three-dimensional silica aerogel (SA) composite parts with super insulating properties are presented. A generic part based on fiber-reinforced (FR) silica aerogel for thermal insulation of the exhaust tubing system—to keep the exhaust gases as hot as possible to improve the efficiency of the catalyst system—was produced via a sol-gel-based molding process in combination with a supercritical drying using scCO2. A thermal conductivity of 16 mW m−1 K−1 was measured via a heat flow meter technique. In this manuscript, we present a full cycle of the material compound design, starting with fundamental material evaluation including aerogel optimization, opacifier influence, and casting process. The obtained generic part in shape of a half-shell for pipe insulation is characterized under real conditions.
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Zhang, Han Xin. "Analysis on Affection and Dissemination of Road Traffic Accidents." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.200.
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Analysis for the road traffic accident is the dissemination of summary analysis of road traffic accidents, all types of traffic into the causes and recommends a system can reduce the effective theory of road traffic accidents. Road traffic system is a person, motor vehicles, the combined effect of the environment from the system. Road traffic safety depends on people, vehicles, roads, environment and road traffic management in all aspects of an integrated system for co-ordination. Characteristics for the occurrence of traffic accidents, road traffic accident on an analysis and research of the impact-spread of road traffic accident, to investigate the microscopic properties of a traffic accident on the traffic flow, emissions, noise impact and the dissemination of the law, analyzing the past, the scene of the accident the speed of other vehicles and drivers of the physical distribution psychological reaction to speed up the disposal of road traffic accidents, to reduce road traffic accidents on traffic flow and avoid the second derivative disasters, the elimination of road accident black spots, build a smart urban road traffic command system, to reduce pollutants in automobile exhaust emissions to protect the natural ecological environment, thus contributing to building a harmonious ecological city transport network.
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Akasaka, Shuichi. "Construction of omni-directional elastic modulus evaluation system using lamb wave for fabric." Impact 2020, no. 9 (December 30, 2020): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.9.80.
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Engineers and materials scientists are constantly working to improve the quality of our built environments and vehicles, including noise levels and vibration. The researchers pursuing the duel goals of safety and comfort are increasingly being challenged as the projects they work on advance technologically, in size and are constructed with new materials. Buildings grow taller and must compensate for greater movement and vibrations from wind or shifting foundations. Cars especially are undergoing drastic changes that require a rethinking of the material and designs of their frames, panels, doors and windows. The advent of electric motors for example, has reduced overall noise but shifted the frequency of sound higher, making them more uncomfortable. Assistant Professor Shuichi Akasaka, who is based in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Tokyo Institute of Technology in Japan, is carrying out research to design new materials that reduce vibration and noise, and create the quiet, safe automobiles and living spaces of the future.
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Subhanandh, B. V., N. Abilash, and P. Saji Raveendran. "Investigation of emission and performance analysis of honne oil in VCR diesel engine." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2054, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2054/1/012065.
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Abstract The world is facing two serious problems: energy crises and pollution. The daily increase in industrialization and the number of automobiles is the reason for these two problems. This work focus on to analyse the performance characteristics and emission parameters of the diesel engine for the blend of calophyllum inophyllum (Honne oil) Biodiesel blend (B10, B20 and B30) and Also find out how they affect the performance of the I.C Engine. While testing, the compression ratio of the engine was in the range of 15 to 18. Then speed of the engine is constant (1500 rpm). In conventional diesel engines and exhaust gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (Nox), hydrocarbons (HC) has been reduced. Considering that, by using this hybrid system, the thermal performance and the emission system must be investigated.
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Abah, Emmanuel Owoicho, Tofael Ahamed, and Ryozo Noguchi. "Catalytic Temperature Effects on Conversion Efficiency of PM2.5 and Gaseous Emissions from Rice Husk Combustion." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 6131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196131.
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Most studies on honeycomb catalysts have been conducted using simulation models and exhaust experiments from automobiles. Very few monolithic catalyst studies have been applied to the agricultural sector, especially the catalyst exhaust system for flue purification from the biomass industry. The importance of exhaust gas purification and particulate removal from biomass power plants has become critical for evaluating the performance and environmental sustainability of biomass combustion. This is one of the first studies to investigate the performance of honeycomb catalysts for the oxidation of flue (PM2.5), (CO), and (SO2) from a rice husk briquette combustion system. The experimental setup comprised a fixed-bed electric furnace, the catalyst, an aerosol sampler, and a flue gas analyzer. Rice husk (0.1 g/mL density) and rice husk briquettes (0.8 g/mL density), were burned at 600–1000 °C for 3 min. From the results, the catalyst CO conversion rate was 100% at the optimum heated temperatures of 427.4–490.3 °C. At these temperatures, the inhibition effect of the chemisorbed CO was significantly minimized, enhancing the adsorption of oxygen, which reacted with CO to form CO2. However, SO2 oxidation was lower than that of CO because platinum-based catalysts are generally more attracted to CO in the presence of oxygen. The emission of PM2.5 decreased from its uncatalyzed-value (1169.9 mg/m3 and 1572.2 mg/m3) to its catalyzed values (18.9 mg/m3 and 170.1 mg/m3). This is a significant result in ensuring cleaner production of energy from rice husk.
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Jatana, Gurneesh S., and Brian C. Kaul. "Characterization of temporal variations and feedback timescales of exhaust gas recirculation gas properties using high-speed diode laser absorption spectroscopy for next-cycle control of cyclic variability." International Journal of Engine Research 20, no. 8-9 (October 11, 2018): 945–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418805654.
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Dilute combustion offers efficiency gains in boosted gasoline direct injection engines both through knock-limit extension and thermodynamic advantages (i.e. the effect of γ on cycle efficiency), but is limited by cyclic variability at high dilution levels. Past studies have shown that the cycle-to-cycle dynamics are a combination of deterministic and stochastic effects. The deterministic causes of cyclic variations, which arise from feedback due to exhaust gas recirculation, imply the possibility of using active control strategies for dilution limit extension. While internal exhaust gas recirculation will largely provide a next-cycle effect (short-timescale feedback), the feedback of external exhaust gas recirculation will have an effect after a delay of several cycles (long timescale). Therefore, control strategies aiming to improve engine stability at dilution limit may have to account for both short- and long-timescale feedback pathways. This study shows the results of a study examining the extent to which variations in exhaust gas recirculation composition are preserved along the exhaust gas recirculation flow path and thus the relative importance and information content of the long-timescale feedback pathway. To characterize the filtering or retention of cycle-resolved feedback information, high-speed (1–5 kHz) CO2 concentration measurements were performed simultaneously at three different locations along the low-pressure external exhaust gas recirculation loop of a four-cylinder General Motors gasoline direct injection engine using a multiplexed two-color diode laser absorption spectroscopy sensor system during steady-state and transient engine operation at various exhaust gas recirculation levels. It was determined that cycle-resolved feedback propagates through internal residual gases but is filtered out by the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation flow system and do not reach the intake manifold. Intermediate variations driven by flow rate and compositional changes are also distinguished and identified.
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Rahmat, A., M. I. Fahmi, LH Fang, AA Mustafa, HMT Noh, and M. Saifizi. "The performance of the Optimisation and Regenerative Braking systems by using PI controlling technique for Electric Vehicle (EV)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2312, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2312/1/012022.
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Abstract Electric automobiles have lower fuel costs because electric motors are more efficient than internal combustion engines. These automobiles can only drive a certain distance because to insufficient batteries and the lack of charging stations. EVs, on the other hand, lack a short driving distance and require frequent charging and discharging of power batteries. EVs will benefit from the development of energy-saving technologies that will expand their reach and prevent battery damage caused by frequent charging and discharging. The goal is to improve the energy efficiency of braking system and its motor efficiency to generate current, as well as to improve regenerative braking (RB) efficiency in EV’s. Using a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor by adding an LC filter is the method that will be applied. A significant addition of current and less ripple and spike in the torque and a quick dynamic interference is the desired result. The performance of the system optimisation and RB circuit systems by using PI controlling technique. The output from torque produced by a 2200 Rpm is 3 Nm and demonstrates that the BLDC motor is efficient when driven by an LC filter circuit. Finally, using the Matlab/Simulink tool, this research presents a thorough simulation of a BLDC motor’s operation as a motor and a generator with RB to create more current in EVs.
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Faіtar, Catalіn, Liviu-Constantin Stan, and Nicolae Buzbuchi. "Performance and reliability of exhaust gas recovery units for marine engines." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 4, no. 8 (August 25, 2022): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v4i8.7262.
Full textAbstract:
Although the marine diesel engine market is dominated by slow-coupled two-stroke engines with a direct coupling system and a crossover system or four-stroke engines with medium or high speeds, equipped with a reversing system, there is a hybrid variant that has always been used by the market in Japan and East Asia, especially by coastal or fishing operators. These are four-stroke slow engines. These types of engines are a specialty specific to the Japanese profile industry, being characterized by a simple and robust construction and fairly long piston strokes. The rated speeds of these motors do not exceed 200 rpm, which allows direct coupling to the propeller, eliminating the need for a reduction system. Compared to equivalent engines on the US or EU market, where medium or high speed four-stroke engines are preferred, the Japanese model has 6-cylinder in-line configurations, and the piston diameters of these engines may vary depending on the need for on market. For example, Akasaka Diesel built engines of the same type using piston diameters ranging from 220 mm to 510 mm, all with in-line 6-cylinder configuration.
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Asteekar, R., S. Senthamil Selvan, and R. Janani. "Waste Heat Management System for Hybrid Vehicles Using Thermoelectric Generator." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1063–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2669.
Full textAbstract:
The present scenario is like that the need of the electrical energy is growing rapidly whereas the resource availability is lagging behind the load demand due to its extinction which leads to hinder our overall generation. It has been observed that the sustainable resources have great future potential to take lead to generate power and supply demand. In the present scenario there exists a few energy resources equivalent to fuel resource. So, there must be a technology to trap the waste and unutilized heat available in the atmosphere and utilize it into the form useful electrical energy. In the current situation, waste heat in the form of thermal energy is recovered and converted into conventional electrical energy. Today, 70% of produced energy in automobiles is wasted in form of heat by exhaust gases. The main outcome of this paper is to manage the waste heat is being generated in the vehicles efficiently, by introducing the concept of “Thermo Electric Generator” (TEG) which convert the waste heat produced inside the vehicles and Re-Generate in the form electric current and give it back to the “storage unit” due to “Seebeck effect” concept.
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Yusupov Sarvarbek Sodiqovich and Inoyatkhodjaev Jamshud Shukhratullaevich. "Analysis of test results using an automatic start-stop system in vehicle driving modes." Open Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (September 6, 2021): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/ojst.v4i2.1791.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, the energy efficiency of automobiles through the automatic start-stop system as a part of the intelligent transport systems was determined by the research method. In the research method, the vehicle's driving mode was analyzed according to the NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) standard. The M1 category Chevrolet Nexia used the method of measuring fuel consumption by volume in the drive cycle at the auto polygon. In this method, the capabilities of the car's design and electronic control unit were used to determine fuel consumption and vehicle speed. The data were obtained via OBD-II from onboard the vehicle through the Scanmatic diagnostic device. The diagram forms were generated using computer technology. The fuel consumption of the car is 8.0 liters per 100 km in the technical parameters. The car consumed 7.5 liters of fuel while using automatic start-stop technology in the auto polygon. The calculation method showed us the system saved 6.25% of the fuel and emitted 6.25% less exhaust gases to the environment.
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Kawada, Yoshihiro, and Hirotaka Shimizu. "Development of an Electrostatic Precipitator with Porous Carbon Electrodes to Collect Carbon Particles." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 21, 2019): 2805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142805.
Full textAbstract:
Exhaust gases from internal combustion engines contain fine carbon particles. If a biofuel is used as the engine fuel for low-carbon emission, the exhaust gas still contains numerous carbon particles. For example, the ceramic filters currently used in automobiles with diesel engines trap these carbon particles, which are then burned during the filter regeneration process, thus releasing additional CO2. Electrostatic precipitators are generally suitable to achieve low particle concentrations and large treatment quantities. However, low-resistivity particles, such as carbon particles, cause re-entrainment phenomena in electrostatic precipitators. In this study, we develop an electrostatic precipitator to collect fine carbon particles. Woodceramics were used for the grounded electrode in the precipitator to collect carbon particles on the carbon electrode. Woodceramics are eco-friendly materials, made from sawdust. The electrical resistivity and surface roughness of the woodceramics are varied by the firing temperature in the production process. Woodceramics electrodes feature higher resistivity and roughness as compared to stainless-steel electrodes. We evaluated the influence of woodceramics electrodes on the electric field formed by electrostatic precipitators and calculated the corresponding charge distribution. Furthermore, the particle-collection efficiency of the developed system was evaluated using an experimental apparatus.
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Yuniarto, Winoko Agus, Hertomo Bambang, and Nurhadi Nurhadi. "PENGGUNAAN HYDRO-CRACK SYSTEM SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KINERJA MESIN." ROTOR 11, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/rotor.v11i2.9323.
Full textAbstract:
The use of hydro-crack systems in combustion motors in addition to functioning to improve exhaust emissions and improve engine performance through the combustion process. Perfect combustion can be adjusted during the combustion process. The purpose of the study was to determine the select magnitude of power increase, decrease fuel consumption and increase the average effective pressure and rotation of the use of 92 octane fuel without HCS. The method of testing engine performance in obtaining data is constant speed (v boarding) based on ISO 1585. Subsequent data signifies presented in a graphical form which is then calculated by statistics. Power increased 2.83hP and bmep 43.19kPa at 4000rpm, sfc dropped 0.0358kg / hP. Hours at 1000rpm and rose by 43.19kPa, when using 92 octane fuel against the standard. When using octane 95 with HCS the power rises 7.95hP at 4000rpm, buys 28.42 kPa when 4500 and sfc drop 0.0537kg / hp. Hours at 1000rpm
Keywords: power, fuel consumption, effective average pressure, octane value, hydro-crack system