Academic literature on the topic 'Automobiles – Motors – Exhaust system'
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Journal articles on the topic "Automobiles – Motors – Exhaust system"
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Solomin, V. A., A. V. Shabanov, A. A. Shabanov, V. M. Kiliushnik, and A. V. Mladenskiy. "Increasing the efficiency of the catalytic converter." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66928.
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The article deals with the efficiency of the catalytic converter of automobiles in operation with the aim of solving the problem of reducing the pollution of the atmospheric air by the exhaust gases of automobiles. The problem of reducing emissions of harmful substances of vehicles is considered to be one of the main. The article presents calculations of the efficiency of the neutralizer at various operating conditions of the internal combustion engine, and factors influencing the process of oxidation-reduction reactions are determined. It is shown that a small amount of oxygen (О2) to the neutralizer limits the oxidation processes and does not give a good reduction efficiency for CO and CH. At an О2 concentration of 1.7 to 0.75% up to the neutralizer, the efficiency of the oxidation reactions in the neutralizer is maximal. The main requirements for the process of catalyzing harmful emissions and the disadvantages of modern neutralizers are considered. The main contribution to emissions of CO and CH is made by the modes of starting and warming up of engine. This is especially felt in the cycle of "cold tests" of the automobile under the UN Rules No. 83-06. Emissions of hydrocarbons increase proportionally with a decrease in engine temperature. In this regard, new types of neutralizers are provided to ensure the achievement of catalytic reactor activity at a lower temperature than those currently used on automobiles, as well as on-board vehicle diagnostic systems that support the environmental characteristics of vehicles in operation. The reasons for the "aging" of the neutralizer during its operation, the methods for diagnosing the neutralizer for the purpose of assessing its technical condition and on-board monitoring systems are analyzed. The urgency of the task of improving the design of the automobile in terms of limiting toxicity and the system of technical control in operation was noted. Improvement of the environmental control of vehicles is primarily related to the operability of on-board diagnostic systems of the car in operation and the catalytic neutralization system. The normative base of the Russian Federation and the EU in the field of environmental control of motor vehicles in operation is given.
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Solomin, V. A., A. V. Shabanov, A. A. Shabanov, V. M. Kilyushnik, and A. V. Mladenskiy. "Analysis of methods and means of ecological control of harmful emissions of exhaust gases of automobiles." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66942.
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The problem of reduction of atmospheric air pollution by exhaust gases is discussed. A brief assessment of the impact of transport on the environment is given. The components of the pollutants are discussed. It is noted that in considering this problem, the methods of measurement and control of harmful emissions of the vehicles play a crucial role. The emphasis on the subject is made at the normative Russian and international standards, UN Rules and adoption of purposeful measures in the field of environmental protection during vehicles operation. The modern methods and devices used for the measurement of emissions of harmful substances of exhaust gases of automobiles are given. The conformity of the newly introduced vehicles to environmental requirements of international normative documents (UN Rules) on the emissions of harmful substances applies to a large extent the accuracy of measurement of gas analysis equipment. It is associated with a significant reduction of the measured values of concentrations of harmful emissions for vehicles of the ecological class EURO-5. It was noted that today especially relevant becomes the problem not only to improve the vehicle design from the point of limiting toxicity, but also improvement of technical control in operation. The lack of control and low level of maintenance lead to the breakdown of the normal operation of units and systems of the vehicle, which leads to increased emissions of harmful substances into the atmospheric air. As a result, all the efforts of the automotive industry to improve engine and neutralization systems to ensure environmental standards can be mitigated. In this regard, there were proposed approaches for the improvement of methods of technical control of vehicles. Substantially improvements of environmental control of motor vehicles are connected with performance of the onboard diagnostic systems of the vehicle in operation and neutralization systems. In order to guarantee their effective functioning during the life of the vehicle it is proposed to establish a system of replacement of catalytic converters of a vehicle failed during operation of the vehicle.
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Gao, Shixiang. "Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Real-time Charging of Electric Vehicles Based on Deep Learning." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2066, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2066/1/012106.
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Abstract In recent years, the automotive industry has informed the development situation. Under the problems related to automobile exhaust emissions and serious air pollution and energy shortages, new electric vehicles have sufficient advantages due to their low emissions, high energy efficiency, and low noise. It has been recognized by the people and governments of all countries. The research purpose of this paper is to meet the electricity demand of users, adopt the boundary model of charging and discharging energy and fully adopt deep learning to optimize the real-time charging optimization scheduling strategy of electric vehicles. In order to meet the electricity demand of users, the charge-discharge energy boundary model is used to characterize the charge-discharge behavior of electric vehicles. After the day-ahead training and parameter saving of the proposed model, according to the real-time state of system operation at each moment of the day, the charge-discharge scheduling strategy at that moment is generated. It is verified that the proposed charging scheduling method based on deep reinforcement learning can effectively reduce the power fluctuations in the microgrid and reduce the daily charge and discharge costs on the premise of meeting the charging needs of users; during the development of electric vehicles, different electronic components, especially the power consumption of electric motors, must be faced. A deep learning algorithm based on an improved recurrent neural network (MRNN) is proposed. The system is modeled according to different data and parameters inside the vehicle, and the network is modeled by the MRNN deep learning algorithm. Carry on training, predict the power demand and provide the best power, so as to expand the mileage, better optimize the power distribution of the motor, and compare the improved models. Experimental research results show that the efficiency of the related scheduling strategy model is increased by about 37.2% compared with the traditional model. The proposed method is fast in calculation and does not require iterative calculation, which fully meets the needs of real-time scheduling.
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Min Xu, Jian, Shuiting Zhou, and Shui xuan Chen. "An Analysis of the Vibration Characteristics of Automotive Exhaust Systems and Optimization of Suspension Points." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 574–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01408010574.
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In order to reduce the impact of automotive exhaust systems on the vehicle vibration, finite element modal analyses of the exhaust system of a motor vehicle are conducted in its natural state, partially constraints state and fully constraints state. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the exhaust system are obtained. The harmonic analysis is conducted on the basis of the modal analysis. The results show that: the vibration amplitude of the exhaust system at lowspeed operating condition is relatively bigger than that of the exhaust system in high-speed conditions. The excitation frequency of the engine at the idle and economy speed can avoid the natural frequency of the exhaust system, so it can be stated that the system has good dynamic characteristics. Suspension points on the exhaust system are optimized and the optimal mounting points are located based on the method of the average drive DOF displacement (ADDOFD). The study has practical significance for reducing the vibration of automobile exhaust systems and the vehicle.
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Qin, Dong-Sheng, and Chang-Yuan Gao. "Control Measures for Automobile Exhaust Emissions in PM2.5 Governance." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (April 11, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8461406.
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This paper analyses the correlation between automobile exhaust, PM2.5, and air pollution to explore the rate of contribution of automobile exhaust to PM2.5 pollution and the effect of government regulation on automobile exhaust gas. The results show that the atmosphere is hazy and that car exhaust is the main cause of PM2.5 pollution. This paper divides the governance strategy into two methods: reducing the number of motor vehicles and reducing the emissions capacity of motor vehicles. It also analyses the effects of congestion control on public car travel and establishes a dynamic game model. To strengthen the influence of supervision on enterprises with regard to purifying devices and restrictions, this study also creates a “prisoner’s dilemma” model. The final results of the study show that restriction measures can effectively relieve road pressure. Additionally, congestion costs can alleviate environmental pressure, but it is difficult to determine the costs, and the difficulty of implementation increases. Increasing enterprises’ installation of purifying devices is not advisable or desirable in the short term. Finally, the paper offers some suggestions for the maintenance of the atmospheric environment and the management of automobile exhaust: (1) improve the national green transport system and environmental protection awareness; (2) advocate public transport as a mode of travel; and (3) reduce the use of buses and popularize new energy vehicles.
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Shepelev, V., A. Gritsenko, and G. Salimonenko. "Control of hydrocarbon emissions when changing the technical condition of the exhaust system of modern cars." FME Transactions 49, no. 3 (2021): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2103749s.
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The most applicable ICE monitoring method is selective control followed by individual corrections for the current technical condition. The combination of a gas analyzer installed individually in each collector, a motor tester, and a loader which provides test modes makes it possible to recognize failures of exhaust and other systems with high accuracy and to assign an individual corrective action to ensure specified environmental and economic parameters. We developed a generalized mathematical model of changes in the composition of exhaust gases depending on changes in the resistance of the catalytic converter, the spark gap of the spark plug, and the capacity of the electromagnetic nozzle.
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Marciniak, Andrzej. "Analysis of solutions of automatic exhaust systems for car vehicles." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (September 7, 2018): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.055.
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The article contains an analysis of the solutions of automatic fire extinguishing systems used in motor vehicles. Automobile vehicle fires do not occur as often as fires in buildings, but in the event of such a situation pose a threat to people and the environment. The motor vehicle is a conglomerate of combustible materials such as fuel, other combustible liquids and solid equipment materials such as polymers and other plastics. The article is an attempt to systematize and analyze currently used extinguishing devices. The analysis includes used extinguishing media and a review of selected technical solutions of individual systems
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André, Marc-Olivier, Christophe Gassmann, and Paolo Reghenzi. "Torque motors as actuators in intake and exhaust system." MTZ worldwide 67, no. 6 (June 2006): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03227853.
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Baek, Bok H., Rizzieri Pedruzzi, Minwoo Park, Chi-Tsan Wang, Younha Kim, Chul-Han Song, and Jung-Hun Woo. "The Comprehensive Automobile Research System (CARS) – a Python-based automobile emissions inventory model." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 12 (June 21, 2022): 4757–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4757-2022.
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Abstract. The Comprehensive Automobile Research System (CARS) is an open-source Python-based automobile emissions inventory model designed to efficiently estimate high-quality emissions from motor vehicle emission sources. It can estimate air pollutant, greenhouse gas, and air toxin criteria at any spatial resolution based on the spatiotemporal resolutions of input datasets. The CARS is designed to utilize local vehicle activity data, such as vehicle travel distance, road-link-level network geographic information system (GIS) information, and vehicle-specific average speed by road type, to generate an automobile emissions inventory for policymakers, stakeholders, and the air quality modeling community. The CARS model adopted the European Environment Agency's on-road automobile emissions calculation methodologies to estimate the hot exhaust, cold start, and evaporative emissions from on-road automobile sources. It can optionally utilize average speed distribution (ASD) of all road types to reflect more realistic vehicle speed variations. In addition, through utilizing high-resolution road GIS data, the CARS can estimate the road-link-level emissions to improve the inventory's spatial resolution. When we compared the official 2015 national mobile emissions from Korea's Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) against the ones estimated by the CARS, there is a significant increase in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (33 %) and carbon monoxide (CO) (52 %) measured, with a slight increase in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) (15 %) emissions. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) and sulfur oxide (SOx) measurements are reduced by 24 % and 17 %, respectively, in the CARS estimates. The main differences are driven by different vehicle activities and the incorporation of road-specific ASD, which plays a critical role in hot exhaust emission estimates but was not implemented in Korea's CAPSS mobile emissions inventory. While 52 % of vehicles use gasoline fuel and 35 % use diesel, gasoline vehicles only contribute 7.7 % of total NOx emissions, whereas diesel vehicles contribute 85.3 %. However, for VOC emissions, gasoline vehicles contribute 52.1 %, whereas diesel vehicles are limited to 23 %. Diesel buses comprise only 0.3 % of vehicles and have the largest contribution to NOx emissions (8.51 % of NOx total) per vehicle due to having longest daily vehicle kilometer travel (VKT). For VOC emissions, compressed natural gas (CNG) buses are the largest contributor at 19.5 % of total VOC emissions. For primary PM2.5, more than 98.5 % is from diesel vehicles. The CARS model's in-depth analysis feature can assist government policymakers and stakeholders in developing the best emission abatement strategies.
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Nagaraj, Nayak S., N. Kapilan, and Prabhu S. Sadashiva. "Modeling of Urea-Water Solution Injection Spray in SCR System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.583.
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To control the emissions from the diesel engines of modern automobiles, it requires the development of adequate and advanced exhaust gas aftertreatment devices. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is a method that can be used in mobile diesel engine aftertreatment systems to reduce harmful NOx emissions. Due to the toxicity and handling problems of ammonia, currently injection of a liquid Urea-Water Solution (UWS) into the exhaust stream approach is used. The water evaporates and the urea undergoes thermal decomposition producing ammonia that reacts with the NOx in the exhaust gas inside a SCR catalyst to produce nitrogen and water vapor. This work presents the study of UWS injection spray using commercial available CFD code, Fire v8.3. The evaporation of water from a single droplet of UWS is investigated theoretically and droplets are treated with Lagrangian particle tracking. Simulation study at different exhaust gas temperatures and injector locations is carried out and compared with experimental values. Thus, the present study results predict the local distribution and the conversion of the reducing agent.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Automobiles – Motors – Exhaust system"
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Bell, Arthur. "The effect of fuel formulation on the exhaust emissions of spark ignition engines." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1335.
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Toral, del Rio Maria Isabel. "An analysis of the influence of phosphorus poisoning on the exhaust emission after treatement systems of light-duty diesel vehicles." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/697.
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Climate change has become a discussion topic of exponentially increasing urgency and importance amoung world leaders of all disciplines. These changes are brought about by the emission of so-called Greenhouse gases from various human activities. The primary cause of CO2 emissions is the burning of the Earth’s supply of nonrenewable natural fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas. The world first agreed on the prevention of “dangerous” climatic changes at the Earth Summit in 1992. The Kyoto Protocol of 1997 was the first step toward protection of the atmosphere and prescribes restrictions on emission pollutants. Since then the vehicle gas emissions are being controlled by means of different gas emissions norms, like the European Union Norm in Europe. The automotive manufacturers and suppliers are collectively working on reducing overall vehicle emissions. They are focusing on several different emission limiting possibilities, for example improved engine design, special fuel development and exhaust gas treatment systems. The exhaust gas treatment process requires continuous controlling and management of the exhaust gas emissions while driving a vehicle. Certain factors such as high emission temperatures have a negative influence on the life span of these systems. Their functionality and durability is also known to be reduced by the presence of chemical poisoning species like sulphur, phosphorus, zinc and calcium. The chemical poisoning species are produced during combustion of fuel and engine oil. They are therefore contained in the exhaust emissions and can poison the catalyst when passing over it. Phosphorous poisoning is particularly problematic and should be reduced considerably. This study involves the investigation of the phosphorous poisoning process and aims to provide clarity regarding the influences of different fuel and oil compositions on the severity of the process. Engine oil and biodiesel are two major sources of phosphorous poisoning. The phosphorus contained in biodiesel fuel is a natural component and can be minimized during the refining procedure. In contrast to others studies, the biodiesel fuel used during this project was SME (Soya Methyl Ester) with a 20% biodiesel content. This choice of fuel was made because of the increasingly important role that this type of biodiesel is playing in the European market and the future tendency to increase the percentage of biodiesel in the mixture with standard diesel fuel. The phosphorus contained in engine oil is a necessary additive to retain the antioxidant and anti-wear properties of the oil. This study examined the poisoning influences from the most commonly used phosphorus containing oil additive, Zinc Dithiophosphates (ZDDP), as well as a Zn-free, phosphorus containing anti-wear oil additive. This formulation provides information about the phosphorus poisoning process as caused by the engine oil in the absence of Zn in the oil additives. The results show how the phosphorus content in biodiesel fuel affects the functionality of the exhaust gas treatment systems and the importance of reducing the permitted content of phosphorus contained in the fuel. Reducing the phosphorus content in the fuel will conserve the functionality of the exhaust gas treatment systems during their operational life and thereby protect the environmental from emission pollutants. It also provides insight into the differences in the poisoning processes when the phosphorus deposited on the catalyst comes from biodiesel fuel and when it comes from the engine oil. Finally the results also illustrate the influence of different phosphorous forms contained in engine oil additives on the catalyst poisoning process. This information could be used for the development of new oil additive formulations.
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Wiemeler, Dirk. "Aero acoustic on automotive exhaust systems." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0018.
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Dans les systèmes d'échappement automobile, les sources de bruit d'origine aéro-acoustique représentent une partie importante du contenu fréquentiel, objectivement et subjectivement identifiable. De robustes procédures de tests ont été mises en place mais la simulation du contenu du bruit n'a pas encore fait ses preuves dans les processus de développement au quotidien. Cette thèse montre que le bruit aéro-acoustique provenant de sources type dipôle est dominant pour ce qui concerne les systèmes automobiles. La simulation des écoulements à l'origine de ces bruits spécifiques combinée avec les outils de calculs acoustiques classiques est très lourde voir tout simplement impossible. Le but de cette thèse est d'analyser la loi d'échelle pour des modèles de sources compactes, permettant de déterminer l'émission de la puissance acoustique selon différentes configurations géométriques "simples" et généralement répandues (par ex. tube perforé, diaphragme placé dans un tube…) basées sur des données empiriques. Il est démontré à l'aide de simulations que son utilisation est simple et que la précision de ces modèles de sources est satisfaisante si l'on ne s'écarte pas trop des géométries déjà analyséesOn automotive exhaust systems aero acoustic noise is a dominant and critical noise content, which is clearly objectively and subjectively detectable. Robust test procedures are established but the simulation of this noise content has not gained ground in the real life development processes. This thesis shows that the dominating characteristic of the aero acoustic noise of automotive systems is dipole noise. The simulation of these specific noise sources with classical computational areo acoustics is very cumbersome or even just impossible. The aim of the thesis is a review of the scaling law approach for compact source models, enabling the determination of the sound power emission of discret configurations based on empirical data. Application simulations show that the use of these source models is simple and that the accuracy is acceptable within the geometry limits analysed
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Van, Vuuren Christiaan Michael. "Modelling of internal combustion engine intake and exhaust processes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52343.
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Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is concerned with unsteady, one-dimensional flow, which closely mimics those found in the manifolds of internal combustion engines. The physical equations describing problems of this nature are presented and some of the important concepts introduced. These equations and concepts were verified by comparison to published results. The Method of Characteristics (MaC) for unsteady one-dimensional flow with friction and heat transfer was used to analyse the gas flow through the inlet and exhaust systems of an engine. The theoretical derivation of unsteady gas dynamic boundary conditions is presented and the integration with the unsteady pipe flow explained. A simulation flow model was developed to analyse the flow by using the Mae. Thisflow model was then incorporated into an engine simulation program, ESA,to simulate internal combustion engines and to predict the performance of a specific engine. A cam-profile model and an in-cylinder thermodynamic model are used to complete the ESAsoftware. Experimental work was done on a modified Nissan Z24/NA20 engine to evaluate the simulation model. The manifolds of the Nissan Z24/NA20 were modified to isolate one of the cylinders for a proper single cylinder model. More experimental work was done on a Volkswagen 1.6£ 8-valve and a 1.6£ 20-valve engine to obtain performance data on two inlet manifolds developed using the ESAsoftware. Performance data and pressure traces in the inlet manifold of the Nissan Z24/NA20 were recorded for comparison with the ESA software. Good correspondence was found between tested and modelled data and the differences varied between ±5% on engine performance data and pressure wave frequency predictions, and ± 10% on pressure pulse amplitudes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis handeloor bestendige, eendimensionele vloei, wat die gasvloei in spruitstukke van binnebrandenjins naboots. Die nodige vergelykings wat hierdie tipe probleme beskryf asook van die belangrikste konsepte, word bespreek. Hierdie vergelykings en konsepte is met behulp van gepubliseerde data geverifieer. Die Metode van Karakteristieke (MVK) vir bestendige, eendimensionle vloei met wrywing en warmte oordrag, is gebruik om die gasvloei deur inlaat en uitlaat sisteme van 'n enjin te analiseer. Die teoretiese afleiding van bestendige gasdinamiese randvoorwaardes asook hul integrasie met die bestendige pypvloei, word verduidelik. 'n Simulasie vloeimodel is ontwikkelom die vloei met behulp van die metode van karakteristieke te analiseer. Hierdie vloeimodel is deel van 'n omvattende enjinsimulasie program, ESA. Dit word gebruik om binnebrandenjins te simuleer en enjinwerkverrigting te voorspel. 'n Nokprofielmodel en 'n termodinamiese ontbrandingsmodel word gebruik om die enjinsimulasie program af te rond. Eksperimentele toetse op 'n gemodifiseerde Nissan Z24/NA20 enjin is gebruik om die simulasie model te evalueer. Die spruitstukke van die Nissan Z24/NA20 is aangepas om een van die silinders te isoleer om so 'n geskikte enkelsilindermodel te skep. Verdere eksperimentele toetse is gedoen op Volkswagen 1.6£8- klep en 1.6£ 20-klep enjins. Werkverrigtingsdata is verkry op twee nuwe inlaatspruitstukke wat met behulp van die ESAsagteware ontwerp is. Werkverrigtingsdata en drukverdelingsdata in die inlaatspruitstuk van die Nissan Z24/NA20is aangeteken om te vergelyk met die resultate van die ESAsagteware. Goeie ooreenstemming is verkry tussen toets- en gemoduleerde data. Die verskille varieer tussen ±5% op enjin werkverrigtingsdata en drukpulsfrekwensie voorspellings, en ± 10%op drukpuls-amplitudes.
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Rongchai, Kanchit. "The High Temperature Condensation Particle Counter (HT-CPC) : a new instrument for a measurement of solid particulate matter." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708259.
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Astanei, Dragoş-George. "Improving the performances of the combustion engines by improving the ignition system." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2073/document.
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Face aux normes actuelles et futures, de plus en plus drastiques, concernant les émissions de polluants, les constructeurs automobiles cherchent en permanence à améliorer l'efficacité des moteurs à allumage commandé. Une des solutions les plus efficaces et applicables pour diminuer la quantité de polluants émis dans les gaz d’échappement (HC, CO, NOx) et réduire la consommation de carburant, est d’utiliser un mélange très pauvre (richesse du mélange inférieure à 0,6). Toutefois, ce concept de fonctionnement est limité par les systèmes d'allumage classiques qui ne peuvent pas garantir un allumage du mélange air / combustible dans de bonnes conditions, de manière à assurer une combustion complète, rapide et reproductible.Le sujet de cette thèse consiste en l'élaboration d'un nouveau système d'allumage basé sur une bougie d’allumage double, qui peut produire deux d'étincelles quasi-simultanées, dont la longueur cumulée est plusieurs fois plus élevée que celle d’étincelles produites par une bougie d'allumage classique. Pour valider ce système d'allumage, trois différents types d'analyses ont été réalisés: une analyse des paramètres électriques des décharges, un diagnostic du plasma par spectroscopie optique d'émission, et des essais in situ du système d'allumage sur deux moteurs à combustion interne avec analyse des gaz d'échappement et détermination des performances des moteurs.Ces tests ont révélé que l'utilisation du système d’allumage à double étincelle peut assurer une meilleure stabilité dans le fonctionnement du moteur (en particulier dans les conditions d'allumage difficiles, en utilisant des mélanges très pauvres) ; des performances accrues du moteur pour une même quantité de carburant consommé ; et une diminution de la quantité d’hydrocarbures imbrûlés et de monoxyde de carbone dans les gaz d'échappement, mais avec une plus grande émission d'oxydes d'azote par rapport à un système d'allumage classiqueFaced with the current and future more and more drastic standards for pollutant emissions, the car manufacturers are permanently trying to improve the efficiency of spark ignition engines. One of the most effective applicable solutions for reducing the quantity of pollutant emissions (HC, CO, NOx) from the exhaust gases and also to reduce the fuel consumption is to operate with very lean mixture (equivalent ratio lower than 0.6). However, this operation concept is limited by the actual ignition systems that cannot assure an air/fuel mixture ignition in good conditions, in order to assure a complete, fast and repeatable combustion. The subject of this thesis consists into developing of a new ignition system based on a double spark plug, which can produce two quasi-simultaneous spark discharges with cumulated length few times higher than the sparks produced by a conventional spark plug. For ignition system validation, three different types of analysis have been considered: the analysis of the discharges electrical parameters, the plasma diagnosis using optical emission spectroscopy methods and the tests of the ignition system on two internal combustion engines with the exhaust gases analysis and engine performances determination. The tests revealed that the utilization of the double spark ignition system can assure a better stability in engine operation (especially in difficult ignition conditions such using very lean mixtures), increased engine performances for the same amount of consumed fuel and it can provide a diminution of the unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide quantities from the exhaust gases, but with an increased quantity of nitrogen oxides, compared with a conventional ignition system
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Bachman, William Hendricks. "Towards a GIS-based modal model of automobile exhaust emissions." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21762.
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Dohanich, Francis Albert. "On-Road Remote Sensing of Motor Vehicle Emissions: Associations between Exhaust Pollutant Levels and Vehicle Parameters for Arizona, California, Colorado, Illinois, Texas, and Utah." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5524/.
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On-road remote sensing has the ability to operate in real-time, and under real world conditions, making it an ideal candidate for detecting gross polluters on major freeways and thoroughfares. In this study, remote sensing was employed to detect carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NO). On-road remote sensing data taken from measurements performed in six states, (Arizona, California, Colorado, Illinois, Texas, and Utah) were cleaned and analyzed. Data mining and exploration were first undertaken in order to search for relationships among variables such as make, year, engine type, vehicle weight, and location. Descriptive statistics were obtained for the three pollutants of interest. The data were found to have non-normal distributions. Applied transformations were ineffective, and nonparametric tests were applied. Due to the extremely large sample size of the dataset (508,617 records), nonparametric tests resulted in "p" values that demonstrated "significance." The general linear model was selected due to its ability to handle data with non-normal distributions. The general linear model was run on each pollutant with output producing descriptive statistics, profile plots, between-subjects effects, and estimated marginal means. Due to insufficient data within certain cells, results were not obtained for gross vehicle weight and engine type. The "year" variable was not directly analyzed in the GLM because "year" was employed in a weighted least squares transformation. "Year" was found to be a source of heteroscedasticity; and therefore, the basis of a least-squares transformation. Grouped-years were analyzed using medians, and the results were displayed graphically. Based on the GLM results and descriptives, Japanese vehicles typically had the lowest CO, HC, and NO emissions, while American vehicles ranked high for the three. Illinois, ranked lowest for CO, while Texas ranked highest. Illinois and Colorado were lowest for HC emissions, while Utah and California were highest. For NO, Colorado ranked highest with Texas and Arizona, lowest.
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Lui, Wing-man, and 呂穎雯. "A study on the effectiveness of air pollution control policy on motor vehicles in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013147.
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Ševčík, Miroslav. "Výfukové potrubí pro motor BMW." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-255792.
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This master´s thesis describes design and optimalization of the exhaust mainfold and an effective muffler for BMW 320i E30 car. This car is equipped with 6 cylinder engine M20B20. The construction is carried out with regard to the rules laid down by FAS Czech Republic. I used theoretical knowledge and Lotus Engine Simulation software in this thesis.
Books on the topic "Automobiles – Motors – Exhaust system"
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How to build & modify intake & exhaust systems. Osceola, WI: Motorbooks International, 1994.
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Munjal, M. L. Acoustics of ducts and mufflers with application to exhaust and ventilation system design. New York: Wiley, 1987.
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Automotive cooling, exhaust, fuel, and lubricating systems. Reston, Va: Reston Pub. Co., 1985.
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New, Jersey Legislature Senate Committee on Law Public Safety and Defense. Public hearing before Senate Law, Public Safety, and Defense Committee to receive testimony from individuals and organizations on the recently announced plans to change the standards and procedures for the motor vehicle inspection system administered by the Division of Motor Vehicles (this hearing continued March 11, 1991. See transcript that date): February 25, 1991. Trenton, N.J: The Committee, 1991.
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E, Duffy James. Auto fuel and emission control systems: Technology. South Holland, Ill: Goodheart-Willcox, 1992.
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Policy, India Expert Committee on Auto Fuel. Report of the Expert Committee on Auto Fuel Policy: Executive summary. [New Delhi]: Govt. of India, 2002.
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International Conference on 21st Century Emissions Technology . International Conference on 21st Century Emissions Technology. Bury St Edmunds: Professional Engineering for IMechE, 2001.
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Engine emissions measurement handbook: HORIBA automotive test systems. Warrendale, Pennsylvania, USA: SAE International, 2014.
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Kelly, Claire J. Quantitative Assessment of Particulate Emissions from Light Duty Vehicles on Urban Driving Patterns. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1998.
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Automotive Industry in Expanding Countries Conference (1991 Buenos Aires, Argentina). Automotive Industry in Expanding Countries Conference proceedings. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Automobiles – Motors – Exhaust system"
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Friedman, Walter A. "6. Modern companies, 1910–1930." In American Business History: A Very Short Introduction, 68–84. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190622473.003.0007.
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“Modern companies, 1910–1930” explores the “second industrial revolution” brought about by electricity and the internal combustion engine. New products included automobiles and soft drinks, with Henry Ford and General Motors splitting the market and Coca-Cola swiftly followed by its rival, Pepsi. Electricity had a transformative effect on manufacturing, allowing factories to run twenty-four hours a day and enabling washing machines, vacuum cleaners, and refrigerators. This period also saw the emergence of a modern financial system on Wall Street and the rise of door-to-door selling, insurance, and management as a professional science. While these years were volatile and ended with a stock market crash, industries still looked to managers for solutions.
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Scamardella, Filippo, Giorgio Zamboni, Edward Canepa, Paola Gualeni, and Angelo Macocco. "Ammonia as an Alternative Fuel for Large Passenger Ships: Benefits and Challenges." In Progress in Marine Science and Technology. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/pmst220018.
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The shipping industry is under increasing pressure to comply with new demanding requirements for exhaust gas emissions. Alternative fuels as well as new technologies need to be developed to meet these goals and reduce Green-House Gases (GHG). This paper investigates ammonia as an alternative fuel for the cruise ship market. A focus is given on the regulatory framework (e.g. EU, IMO and Classification Societies) that at present defines requirements for gaseous emissions and design principles of the fuel containment as well as supply systems. Ammonia allows for effective reduction of CO2 but is potentially toxic for human life and the environment. Due to the innovative nature of ammonia as a fuel, the regulatory approach is based mainly on alternative design instead of prescriptive rules. A case – study, with Internal Combustion Engine ICE (Dual-Fuel) and Propulsion Electric Motors (PEM) as selected standard propulsion system, has been carried out to investigate the impacts of ammonia as fuel on a large passenger ship. The purpose is to evaluate the variation of navigation autonomy, arrangement and weights/stability, considering also specific storage and handling requirements.
Conference papers on the topic "Automobiles – Motors – Exhaust system"
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Meierjurgen, Kenneth, Brian Harries, Marc Compere, and Yan Tang. "Sensorless Selective Catalytic Reduction Using Artificial Neural Networks for Emissions Prediction With Fuzzy Logic Control." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65301.
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The transportation industry is a major contributor to the increase of greenhouse gasses present in the atmosphere. With the number of automobiles increasing every year, the U.S. government has implemented several regulations to reduce the environmental impact of the transportation industry. The most recent regulations increase the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFÉ) to over 50mpg by 2025. These increased fuel economy standards will save consumers money, reduce dependence on foreign oil and cut GHG emissions in half (1). In order to comply with these regulations and reduce GHG emissions, automakers are improving powertrain efficiency and diversifying their fuel sources. One way automakers are improving fleet fuel economy is by offering more efficient Compression Iginition (CI) engines. Compression ignition engines can have a 10% improvement in peak efficiency over a Spark Ignition (SI) Engine. Although CI engines have higher efficiencies, they also have higher Nitrous Oxide (NOx) emissions. One of the most effective methods for reducing NOx emissions is a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system. Current methods for reducing NOx emissions using SCR rely on two NOx sensors for close loop control. These sensors add substantial costs to the production exhaust after treatment systems. This paper presents an intelligent control technique to achieve accurate prediction of NOx emissions and closed loop control without the use of expensive on board sensors. Simulation models were created to validate two artificial neural networks that aim to replace the upstream and downstream NOx sensors. The upstream neural network was trained using dynamometer data from a General Motors 1.3l turbo diesel engine. This neural network represented NOx emissions as a function of engine speed and throttle position. The downstream ANN was created using a nonlinear statespace plant model that simulates the catalyst NOx and nh3 reaction. To control the nh3 injection into the catalyst, a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) was implemented. The FLC controller had two inputs: the error function calculated from the output NOx and a predetermined NOx target as well as the predicted surface coverage from the nh3 reaction. The results from steady state and drive cycle simulations are shown. The work presented in this paper serves as a proof of concept for the sensorless SCR system that was developed as part of ERAU’s entry in EcoCAR2: Plugging Into the Future. The simulations were conducted as part of year 1 of the EcoCAR2 competition and will be further developed during years 2 and 3 on ERAU’s Series Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle.
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Sanjeevi, R., R. Giridharan, N. Ganesh, B. Ashok, and S. Vasandan. "Experimental investigation of condensate water collector in exhaust system of an automobiles." In PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS IN MECHANICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING: ICRTMME 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0025085.
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Srinath, Nitin, Ashwin Kumar, and Sharnappa Joladarashi. "Smart Multimode Transmission for Automobiles." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67019.
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There are two basic types of transmissions — manual and automatic. While manual transmissions have greater transmission efficiency and better overall driving experience, it is difficult and not as easy to handle as automatic transmissions. Automatic transmissions make life a lot easier for the driver but are less efficient and laggard. So, the aim of this project is to take the best of both worlds and combine it in one, i.e. a transmission system that is capable of working as both a manual and an automatic transmission. For this, we plan to automate a regular manual transmission with a manual override option on both the clutch and the gearbox systems. Motors will be used to control the clutch and the changing of gears in the gearbox. In the manual mode, the motors will be operated by user input switches (clutch pedal and stick shift). In the automatic mode, the same motors will be controlled by a control algorithm based on various inputs like weight of the car, inclination, speed of the engine and the car etc.
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Iyer, Rajesh C., Pankaj Gohil, Hemant J. Nagarsheth, and S. A. Channiwala. "Development of a Vapor Compression Air Conditioning System Utilizing the Waste Heat Potential of Exhaust Gases in Automobiles." In Future Transportation Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3475.
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Sharifpur, Mohsen. "Designing New Cooling System for Automobiles to Get More Fuel Efficiency and Less Environment Defects." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68413.
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Almost all of the internal combustion engines waste a significant amount of their fuel energy from cooling system or exhaust gas. On the other hand in the warm season or regions, it needs to remove some extra heat from air conditioner radiator (condenser). This subject effects directly on global warming. Changing some part of this waste energy to shaft work (or electricity) not only has benefit in the way to find a source for hybrid automobiles but also, it has effect on global warming, fuel economy, saving natural resources and if the fuel produce CO2, less greenhouse effect and less air pollution defect could be remarkable. In this work, a new cooling system is offered that is the same as a core of boiling water (nuclear) reactors (BWR), it means a subcooled working fluid could enter to engine shell then during the heat removes from engine and exhaust gas, it will be a boiling generator (boiling heat exchange) for a smart thermodynamic cycle. In this way not only could change some parts of unused energy to work, but also it has more capability with environment. Here, it is offered this idea by using the typical engines data. The Results confirm that it can recover at least about 20% of waste heat. This new cooling system is suitable for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) which combines a conventional propulsion system with an onboard rechargeable energy storage system. However, it can use this idea for almost the entire internal ignition engines in automobiles or somewhere that needs to remove some heat from a device, same as condensers of modified power plants or engine of ships.
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Hsu, C. T., D. J. Yao, and B. Yu. "Application of Thermoelectric Waste Heat Recovery From Automobiles." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18144.
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This article introduces a waste heat recovery system with eight thermoelectric generators (TEGs) to transfer heat to electrical energy from exhaust pipe of an automobile. Simulations and experiments for the TE module used in this system are investigated to perform the feasibility of these applications. A thermal resistor network which is used to estimate temperature difference between TE elements has been conceived. The results would establish the fundamental development of materials which enhance TEG efficiency for vehicles. In addition, the performance of a TEG module is influenced by thermal contact effect. So we clamp the TE module in our experimental apparatus by applying different pressure load to present the relationship between power output and pressure load. Through the simulation, effects upon different configurations of heat sink are also compared. Besides simulations, the system is also designed and assembled. The results would establish the fundamental development of materials which enhance TEG efficiency for vehicles.
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Menon, Shruti Mohandas, and Navid Goudarzi. "Exhaust Systems: CO2 Emission Reduction Using Zeolite Catalyst." In ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2017-3389.
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Air pollution is a leading public health concern that needs to be tackled. About 30% of the total greenhouse gas emissions, such as CO, HC and NOx are due to automobiles. By 2030, the US Department of Transportation aims to reduce light duty vehicle emissions by 18%. This can be achieved by public policy approaches such as implementing emission control norms and performance improvements such as exhaust system design. In this work, the implementation of a pure Zeolite catalyst to reduce the exhaust CO2 emission of a SI engine is studied theoretically and experimentally. The complete exhaust system including the catalytic converter, muffler, and pipes is modeled in a 3D CAD modeling software, using the engine specifications. Current expensive precious metals in the catalytic converter are replaced with a binding agent along with Zeolite catalyst. The exhaust system is fabricated and the experimental tests are performed at the maximum engine RPM to obtain threshold emission reduction values. The results showed obtaining an emission reduction of CO2 at a lower cost. Furthermore, it is found that employing Zeolite sieves can further reduce the pollutant emission at a similar cost.
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Czechowicz, Alexander, Fabian Hoffmann, Sven Langbein, Peter Dültgen, and Romeo Wieczorek. "On the Development of an SMA Based Rear Mirror Folding Actuator." In ASME 2016 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2016-9119.
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Nowadays electric motors are used for various applications in the automotive industry which affects the automobiles’ mass significantly. Small and medium sized electromotors are mainly used for comfort applications like locking systems or mirror folding drives. On the other hand, electromotor drives use often a reduction of a high speed rotation to a slow and powerful movement by the usage of gears. Due to the multistage gear ratio principle, such drives emit a noise level up which can be an inferiority attribute of an automotive system. Nevertheless, comfort applications are mainly driven by electromotor actuators in automobiles. Figure 1 shows a cut through a schematic side mirror of a car with two major electromotor drives comparable to the state of the art. The motor for mirror folding consists mainly of the complex gear box which has to fulfill a mirror movement of more than 65° in less than 5 seconds. To move the mirror with the motor has to have enough mechanical power to overcome this force and to move the mirror with a torque of more than 5 Nm.
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King, Alex, Matt Del Buono, Jonathan Marolf, Michael Dop, and Richard S. Stansbury. "An Intelligent System for Improving the Efficiency of a PHEV for the EcoCar Challenge." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90309.
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Globally, significant efforts are being made to reduce green-house gases and decrease the demand of fossil fuels. Automotive manufacturers are offering significantly more “green” versions of their popular automobiles in order to combat the negative impact of rising fuel prices. The EcoCar Challenge is a college-level competition primarily sponsored by General Motors and the United States Department of Energy in an effort to provide global awareness of this effort and educate future engineers in the processes and technologies used to construct fuel economic hybrid vehicles. The program consists of 17 teams with a wide variety of hybrid vehicle types. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) is implementing a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) through the modification of a stock 2009 Saturn Vue as described in [1]. This paper presents the Intelligent Drive Efficiency Assistant (IDEA) system a hardware/software component being added to ERAU’s EcoCar vehicle. The IDEA system uses artificial intelligence techniques to analyze the driving conditions ahead (terrain, traffic, and anticipated torque requirements) to select the best operating mode for the hybrid vehicle. The IDEA system submits its recommendation to a hybrid or supervisory control unit, presented in [2], which does the necessary work to transition the vehicle into that operating mode (so long as it deems the request safe). This preemptive strategy is believed to provide two key benefits. First, through learning algorithms, new control strategies may be developed based on the driving conditions and past experience. Second, by preemptively making recommendations ahead of a driving event such as an uphill climb, or a frequent stop in rush-hour traffic, it is believed that there will be less energy wasted by not waiting until the need arises to start making the transition between hybrid modes. Within this paper, the initial design of the IDEA system is be presented, and the evaluation plan using hardware-in-the-loop and software-in-the-loop simulation is discussed.
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Hedrick, John, Steve Fritz, and Kathy Plunkett. "Diesel Particulate Filter Retrofit of a 1500 kW Multi-Engine Genset Locomotive." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92130.
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This paper documents the initial test results of a locomotive diesel particulate filter (DPF) retrofit project. The locomotive used for this project was BNSF1284, a 1,566 kW National Railway Equipment Company (NREC) model 3GS21B, originally manufactured in April, 2008, and designed to be an Ultra-Low Emissions Locomotive (ULEL). This genset switcher locomotive uses three Cummins QSK19 Cummins 522 kW diesel-engine driven generator sets (Genset 1, 2, and 3) to provide the power needed to drive the traction motors. The GT Exhaust Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) retrofit system, installed on BNSF1284, uses catalyzed DPF elements. The DPF, and its catalyzed coating, offered significant hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate (PM) emissions reduction. Additionally, the catalyzed coating should allow the diesel particulate filters to passively regenerate at moderate exhaust temperatures, thus keeping the engine back pressure within allowable limits of the manufacture. The GT Exhaust DPF’s were installed in place of the standard mufflers on each of the three engines. The GT Exhaust DPF’s are roughly the same size as the stock muffler. The only locomotive modification needed to install the GT Exhaust DPF’s was to the muffler mounting platform, directly above the engine, where the exhaust pipe opening needed to be enlarged. There are no external modifications to the locomotive car body needed to install the GT Exhaust DPF’s. After installation of the DPF’s, they were degreened by operating the engines at rated power for 20 hours. After degreening testing was performed according to Title 40 of the U. S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 92, Subpart B. The addition of the DPF reduced the PM emissions to 0.016 g/kW-hr or 60 percent below the locomotive Tier 4 PM limits. BNSF1284 was returned to revenue service in Richmond, California in March 2012, where the DPF performance will be tracked for 3,000 hours of operation as part of a California Air Resources Board (CARB) verification program.
Reports on the topic "Automobiles – Motors – Exhaust system"
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VAN KATWIJK, C. Local Exhaust System Fans and Fan Motors and Backdraft Dampers and Isolation Dampers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/804507.
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VAN KATWIJK, C. Local Exhaust System Fans and Fan Motors and Backdraft Dampers and Isolation Dampers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/804837.
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VAN KATWIJK, C. Local Exhaust System Fans and Fan Motors and Backdraft Dampers and Isolation Dampers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/801893.
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VAN KATWIJK, C. Local Exhaust System Fans and Fan Motors and Backdraft Dampers and Isolation Dampers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/803686.
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