Academic literature on the topic 'Automobiles Fuel consumption Mathematical models'
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Journal articles on the topic "Automobiles Fuel consumption Mathematical models"
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Micklem, J. D., D. K. Longmore, and C. R. Burrows. "Modelling of the Steel Pushing V-Belt Continuously Variable Transmission." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 208, no. 1 (January 1994): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_094_02.
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The steel pushing V-belt continuously variable transmission (CVT) is now commercially available in the automobiles of a number of manufacturers but to date it has not led to a significant reduction in fuel consumption. To develop its full potential it is necessary to have a good mathematical model of the system. A number of models have been described in recent years but all make use of a Coulomb friction model for the shear connection between the belt and the pulleys. This paper proposes a friction model based on elastohydrodynamic theory. It is shown that there is good agreement between measured and calculated slip values for the transmission which justifies use of the model.
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Ilyanov, S. V., N. A. Kuzmin, and G. V. Borisov. "EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF FUEL CONSUMPTIONS CONSIDERING THE SPEEDS OF CITY BUSES." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 3 (2021): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2021-3-72.
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At the moment, there is a large number of dissertations and scientific works covering the issues of traction-speed and fuel-economic characteristics of vehicles, the results of which are presented in the form of: regression models, approximating dependencies, mathematical models based on multivariate analysis, including a number of additional coefficients. In this connection, the use of the results of these works in practice is limited, since it requires high qualifications of the МTЕ personnel and the use of special software and hardware. At the same time, at the department “Automobile transport” NSTU named after R. E. Alekseev developed a probabilistic-analytical method for predicting fuel consumption by road trains, considering the high-speed mode of movement, which shows a high convergence of results with actual average speeds only for uniform movement of buses with a constant average speed, which is not applicable to the assessment of fuel consumption of city buses. Based on the hypothesis put forward on the applicability of the Weibull-Gnedenko distribution for calculating the average speeds of city buses and the normal distribution for calculating accelerations during movement, the tasks of this study are formulated, expressed in the development of mathematical models reflecting the dependences of speeds and accelerations during bus movement in urban operating conditions, for planning their fuel consumption. To solve the set tasks, the following experimental studies were carried out: determination of the average coefficient of total road resistance; the actual distribution of speeds and accelerations when driving city buses; determination of the average actual value of fuel consumption when the bus is moving and when idle at stopping points. Based on the results of processing experimental studies, the possibility of using the Weibull-Gnedenko law to describe the actual speeds in urban conditions and the normal law to describe accelerations when driving city buses was confirmed, which allows planning fuel consumption using the analytical apparatus of the theory of probability and mathematical statistics and using the developed methodology in practice of motor transport enterprises. Based on experimental studies and theoretical studies in this area, an analytical method for planning fuel consumption for city buses, considering the speed of their movement, has been developed, which allows planning fuel consumption without additional experiments. Carrying out such studies for other types of motor vehicles and assessing unaccounted for indicators of road, transport and natural-climatic operating conditions will create a generalized analytical method for planning fuel consumption by vehicles in various operating conditions.
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Kurganov, V. M., M. V. Gryaznov, A. N. Dorofeev, and A. A. Aduvalin. "METHODOLOGY FOR RATIONING MATERIAL RESOURCES FOR BUSES." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 1 (2022): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2022-1-102.
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Abstract. The industry standards for the consumption of material resources currently in force in road transport are advisory in nature and are used by carriers in their current work for production planning. Industry standards, regulated, for example, by order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation No. 158 dated May 30, 2019, establish resource consumption on an average for all road carriers of the Russian Federation. Taking into account the individual operating conditions of the rolling stock and the organization of the transport process is possible only by a correction factor to the fuel consumption rate, the calculation method of which is not regulated. The result is low convergence of planned and actual traffic figures. An effective solution to this problem is the use of resource consumption rates calculated on the basis of statistical data on the consumption of material resources obtained using the means of objective control and data storage of ERP systems. This will make it possible to fully take into account the complex of significant factors that determine the volume of consumption of material resources, reduce the amount of inventory, increase the turnover of funds, and increase the accuracy of rationing and pricing processes for any trucking company. However, the substantiation of such resource consumption norms requires an assessment of the influence of significant factors, the establishment of a relationship between them and the development of a mathematical apparatus for normalization. Therefore, the purpose of this study, which is to increase the efficiency of passenger transportation by buses based on ensuring the reliability of material resource consumption rates, taking into account individual operating conditions, is aimed at solving an urgent scientific and practical problem. Theoretical studies are carried out on the basis of the analysis of scientific and regulatory and technical literature, the legal framework, systemic, statistical, factorial and technical and economic analysis, economic and mathematical modeling of the transport process, and expert evaluation. Experimental studies were carried out in the conditions of operating passenger transport enterprises using the methods of mathematical statistics, computer modeling, field observations. The main results of scientific novelty are: a set of qualitative characteristics and quantitative indicators of factors that determine the consumption of material resources in the operation of the bus fleet; mathematical models for calculating the consumption rates of fuels and lubricants, spare parts and car tires, as well as the corresponding standard operating costs; dependence of indicators of operating consumption of diesel fuel, resource mileage of automobile tires on the magnitude of significant factors established for domestically produced buses of various capacities. Further research is supposed to be carried out in the direction of the development of resource saving methods in the motor transport complex.
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Gumerov, I. F., L. I. Fardeev, S. M. Andriyanov, A. V. Kozlov, A. A. Matveev, and K. V. Milov. "Thermodynamic analysis of an engine with compression ignition according to the controlled Miller cycle." Trudy NAMI, no. 3 (October 3, 2022): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2022-3-27-35.
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Introduction (problem statement and relevance). This article presents the thermal calculation results of an in-line six-cylinder highly accelerated engine with a displacement of 13 liters with compression ignition, according to the controlled Miller cycle. The result of the study is the main performance indicators that testify the potential for using the controlled Miller cycle with the intake valves early closing in a highly forced engine as one of the ways to improve energy efficiency.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of valve timing and the intake and exhaust valves lift on the average specific fuel consumption of a highly forced automobile engine with compression ignition at the early stages of design.Methodology and research methods. Computational and theoretical studies were carried out using mathematical modeling of thermodynamic processes in a one-dimensional setting. The reliability of the calculations was verified by comparing the simulation data and the results of experimental studies of the internal combustion engine. To develop the laws of valve lift, the method of sequential nonlinear quadratic programming was used.Scientific novelty and results. The law of valve lift of a highly accelerated automobile engine with compression ignition according to the controlled Miller cycle has been developed, which made it possible to reduce the minimum specific fuel consumption by up to 7.8% in comparison with the basic version of the engine.Practical significance. The developed thermodynamic models make it possible to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative contribution to achieving fuel efficiency through the use of the controlled Miller cycle and obtain initial data in the form of a valve lift law for further work on the development of a valve timing mechanism.
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Matveev, A. A., I. Kh Israfilov, V. N. Nikishin, and S. M. Andriyanov. "Thermodynamic analysis of working process effective indicators of a diesel engine with an open and closed crankcase ventilation system." Trudy NAMI, no. 4 (January 5, 2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2021-4-22-30.
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Introduction (problem statement and relevance). This article provides up-to-date information analysis of the crankcase gases bypass effect from the crankcase ventilation system to the compression ignition engine intake. The paper considers the information on the variants of the crankcase ventilation systems of modern engines. The article reveals the necessity to analyze the engine working process at the design and development stage of a closed crankcase ventilation system. The legislative requirements for the implementation of the ventilation system to ensure safe environmental performance have been indicated. The purpose of the study was to assess both open and closed ventilation system effect on the crankcase space indicators, in particular, on the average specific fuel consumption, with reference to a high-performance automobile engine with compression ignition.Methodology and research methods. Theoretical and computational studies were carried out with the help of mathematical statistics and thermodynamics methods in a one-dimensional setting. The verification of the calculations reliability was carried out by comparing the simulation data and the results the internal combustion engine experimental studies.Scientific novelty and results. A thermodynamic model of a high-performance automobile engine compression ignition V8 CHN 12/13 with an open and closed ventilation system of the crankcase space has been developed. The model made it possible to evaluate the effect of crankcase gases bypass back to the engine cylinder intake.Practical significance. The developed thermodynamic models confirmed the insignificant effect on the working process of the V8 CHN 12/13 engine by bypassing crankcase gases back to the cylinder inlet.
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Çapraz, Ahmet Gürcan, Pınar Özel, Mehmet Şevkli, and Ömer Faruk Beyca. "Fuel Consumption Models Applied to Automobiles Using Real-time Data: A Comparison of Statistical Models." Procedia Computer Science 83 (2016): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.04.166.
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Sabo, Kristian, Rudolf Scitovski, Ivan Vazler, and Marijana Zekić-Sušac. "Mathematical models of natural gas consumption." Energy Conversion and Management 52, no. 3 (March 2011): 1721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.10.037.
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Zhang, Qian, Shaopeng Tian, and Xinyan Lin. "Recent Advances and Applications of AI-Based Mathematical Modeling in Predictive Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Management in China." Electronics 12, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020445.
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Artificial intelligence is widely used in mathematical modeling. The technical means in mathematical modeling are more and more diversified, especially the application of artificial intelligence algorithm greatly promotes the development of mathematical modeling. In recent years, because of its great influence on the fuel consumption, output power and exhaust performance of automobiles, the control strategy has become a research hotspot and focus in automobile R&D industry. Therefore, based on the relevant research results in recent years, after studying and analyzing the typical control strategies of hybrid vehicles, this paper finally puts forward the energy management strategy of hybrid vehicles based on model predictive control (MPC), and strives to contribute to the academic research of energy management strategies of hybrid vehicles.
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Yeom, Chan-Uk, and Keun-Chang Kwak. "Performance Evaluation of Automobile Fuel Consumption Using a Fuzzy-Based Granular Model with Coverage and Specificity." Symmetry 11, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11121480.
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The predictive performance of different granular models (GMs) was compared and analyzed for methods that evenly divide linguistic context in information granulation-based GMs and perform flexible partitioning. GMs are defined by input and output space information transformations using context-based fuzzy C-means clustering. The input space information transformation is directly induced by the output space context. Usually, the output space context is evenly divided. In this paper, the linguistic context was flexibly divided by stochastically distributing data in the output space. Unlike most fuzzy models, this GM yielded information segmentation. Their performance is usually evaluated using the root mean square error, which utilizes the difference between the model’s output and ground truth. However, this is inadequate for the performance evaluation of information innovation-based GMs. Thus, the GM performance was compared and analyzed using the linguistic context partitioning by selecting the appropriate performance evaluation method for the GM. The method was augmented by the coverage and specificity of the GMs output as the performance index. For the GM validation, its performance was compared and analyzed using the auto MPG dataset. The GM with flexible partitioning of linguistic context performed better. Performance evaluation using the coverage and specificity of the membership function was validated.
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Shkrabak, V. S., and N. I. Dzhabborov. "Method for determining probabilistic estimates of the specific fuel consumption of a gas turbine engine as a part of arable unit." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66933.
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The article describes the method for determining the probabilistic estimates of the specific fuel consumption of a gas turbine engine as a part of arable unit. When justifying mathematical models for determining probabilistic estimates of the specific fuel consumption of the gas turbine engine, the method of the random argument function of professor L. Ageev was implemented. To improve the accuracy of calculations in determining the probabilistic estimates of the specific fuel consumption of a gas turbine engine correction factors (or functions) and formulas for their determination are proposed. The mathematical expectation of the specific fuel consumption, the inverse of the normally distributed argument, in this case the effective power of the gas turbine engine is not equal to the reciprocal of the mathematical expectation of the argument. This inequality varies depending on the coefficient of variation of effective power, which should also be taken into account when determining the dispersion and the standard deviation of the specific fuel consumption of the gas turbine engine. Experimental studies of arable unit consisting of a gas turbine tractor (GTT) with GTD-350T gas turbine engine and a mounted plow with variable width PNI-8 / 9-40, to verify the reliability of mathematical models of probabilistic estimates of the specific fuel consumption of the gas turbine engine, were conducted in the fields of training and experimental household of the Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University. The proposed method allows to determine the average and optimal values of the mathematical expectation, variance, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of the effective specific fuel consumption of the gas turbine engine in the composition of various agricultural units.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Automobiles Fuel consumption Mathematical models"
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Yen, Jeffrey Lee. "A system model for assessing water consumption across transportation modes in urban mobility networks." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39527.
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Energy and environmental impacts are two factors that will influence urban region composition in the near future. One emerging issue is the effect on water usage resulting from changes in regional or urban transportation trends. With many regions experiencing stresses on water availability, transportation planners and users need to combine information on transportation-related water consumption for any region and assess potential impacts on local water resources from the expansion of alternative transportation modes. This thesis will focus on use-phase water consumption factors for multiple vehicle modes, energy and fuel pathways, roads, and vehicle infrastructure for a given transportation network.
While there are studies examining life cycle impacts for energy generation and vehicle usage, few repeatable models exist for assessing overall water consumption across several transportation modes within urban regions. As such, the question is: is it possible to develop a traceable decision support model that combines and assesses water consumption from transportation modes and related mobility infrastructure for a given mobility network? Based on this, an object-oriented system model of transportation elements was developed using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) and Model-Based Systems Engineering principles to compare water consumption across vehicle modes for assessing the resiliency of existing infrastructure and water resources.
To demonstrate the intent of this model, daily network usage water consumption will be analyzed for current and alternative network scenarios projected by policies regarding the expansion of alternative energy. The model is expected to show variations in water consumption due to fluctuations in energy pathways, market shares, and driving conditions, from which the model should help determine the feasibility of expanding alterative vehicles and fuels in these networks. While spatially explicit data is limited compared to the national averages that are used as model inputs, the analytical framework within this model closely follows that of existing assessments and the reusable nature of SysML model elements allows for the future expansion of additional transportation modes and infrastructure as well as other environmental analyses.
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Watson, Cody. "Modeling of pressure transients in fuel injection lines." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16869.
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Linde, Florian. "3D modelling of ship resistance in restricted waterways and application to an inland eco-driving prototype." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2389/document.
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Les travaux de cette thèse ont pour but de développer un prototype d’éco-pilote, nommé EcoNav, permettant d’optimiser la vitesse d’un bateau afin de réduire sa consommation de carburant. EcoNav est composé de plusieurs modules dont : un modèle hydraulique 2D simulant l’écoulement hydrodynamique (vitesse du courant et hauteur d’eau) le long du trajet du bateau; - un modèle de résistance à l’avancement servant à alimenter un modèle de prédiction de la consommation de carburant; - un algorithme d’optimisation permettant de trouver le profil optimal de vitesse. Afin de pouvoir estimer la consommation de carburant, un modèle numérique de la résistance à l’avancement en milieu confiné a été développé durant la première partie de cette thèse. Ce modèle numérique 3D simule l’écoulement du fluide autour du bateau et permet de calculer les forces agissant sur sa coque. La résolution des équations RANS est couplée avec un algorithme de quasi-Newton afin de trouver la position d’équilibre du bateau et calculer son enfoncement. Cette méthode est validée en comparant les résultats numériques avec des résultats expérimentaux issus d’essais en bassin de traction. L’influence de l’enfoncement sur la résistance à l’avancement et la précision de la méthode est étudiée en comparant les résultats numériques obtenus avec et sans enfoncement. La précision des modèles empiriques de prédiction de la résistance à l’avancement est également comparée à celle du modèle numérique. Enfin, le modèle numérique est utilisé afin de déterminer si le confinement en largeur ou en profondeur ont une influence identique sur l’augmentation de résistance à l’avancement. Les résultats de cette étude permettent d’établir si le confinement de la voie d’eau peut être caractérisé à l’aide d’un paramètre unique (coefficient de blocage par exemple) ou bien deux paramètres permettant de distinguer le confinement latéral et vertical. Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, les méthodes numériques utilisées pour le modèle d’éco-pilote sont décrites et comparées afin de sélectionner celles qui sont le plus adaptées à chaque module. EcoNav est ensuite utilisé afin de modéliser un cas réel : celui du bateau automoteur Oural navigant sur la Seine entre Chatou et Poses (153 km). La consommation optimisée est comparée à la consommation non optimisée, calculée à partir des vitesses AIS observées sur le tronçon étudié. L’influence de la trajectoire du bateau et de son temps de parcours sur sa consommation sont également étudiés. Les résultats de ces investigations ont montré qu’optimiser la vitesse du bateau permet d’obtenir une réduction de la consommation de carburant de l’ordre de 8 % et qu’optimiser la trajectoire du bateau ainsi que prendre en compte des informations en temps réel (disponibilité des écluses, trafic sur le fleuve) peuvent permettre de réaliser des économies de carburant supplémentairesAn eco-driving prototype, named EcoNav, is developed with the aim of optimizing a vessel speed in order to reduce fuel consumption for a given itinerary. EcoNav is organized in several modules : - a 2D hydraulic model simulating the flow conditions (current speed and water depth) along the itinerary; - a ship resistance model calculating the thrust necessary to counteract the hydrodynamic forces ; - a fuel consumption model calculating the fuel consumption corresponding to the thrust input; - a non linear optimization algorithm calculating the optimal speed profile. In order to evaluate the fuel consumption of an inland vessel, a ship resistance numerical model is developed in the first part of this PhD. This 3D numerical model simulates the flow around an inland self-propelled vessel and evaluates the hydrodynamic forces acting on the hull. A RANS solver is coupled with a quasi-Newton approach to find the equilibrium position and calculate ship sinkage. This method is validated by comparing the results of numerical simulations to towing tank tests. The numerical results with and without sinkage are also compared to study the influence of sinkage on ship resistance and on the accuracy of the method. Additionally, some empirical models are investigated and compared with the accuracy of the numerical method. Finally, the numerical model is used to determine if channel with and water depth restriction contribute to the same amount of ship resistance increase for the same level of restriction. The results of that investigation give insight to whether channel restriction can be characterized by a unique parameter (for instance the blockage ratio) or two parameters to distinguish water depth and channel with effects. In the second part of this PhD, the numerical methods used in the speed optimization model are described and validated. The speed optimization model is then used to simulate a real case: the itinerary of the self-propelled ship Oural on river Seine, between Chatou and Poses (153 km). The optimized fuel consumption is compared with the non-optimized fuel consumption, based on AIS speed profile retrieved on this itinerary. The effects of the ship trajectory and travel duration on fuel consumption are also investigated. The results of those investigations showed that optimizing the ship speed lead to an average fuel saving of 8 % and that using an optimal track and including real time information such as lock availability and river traffic can lead to additional fuel savings
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Iorga-Simăn, Victor. "Etude par simulation numérique des écoulements dans le conduit d’admission d’un moteur à levée de soupape d’admission variable." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CNAM0800/document.
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L’impact négatif de l’automobile sur l’environnement a entraîné une sévérisation des normes législatives pour protéger celui-ci. Les difficultés rencontrées lors de l’amélioration du rendement du moteur à allumage commandé, résultent principalement de son fonctionnement inefficace à charges partielles. La distribution variable est capable d'améliorations concernant la réduction de la consommation de carburant, surtout dans une zone d’utilisation fréquente : basses charges et bas régimes. Une alternative à l’étude expérimentale est l’approche par simulation numérique, CFD en utilisant le logiciel ANSYS-Fluent. Dans cette thèse de doctorat, le but principal a été de déterminer les vitesses d’écoulement du fluide pendant le processus d’admission pour deux lois de levée de la soupape, pour un moteur entraîné à 815 tr/min et une ouverture du papillon de gaz de 21.6°. Dans ce but, on a utilisé deux modèles de simulation numérique: un modèle bidimensionnel et un modèle tridimensionnel. L’étude réalisée par simulation numérique a permis de clarifier quelques aspects importants concernant les vitesses d’écoulement de l’air dans le cylindre et le degré de turbulenceThe negative impact of automobiles on the environment has led to increased severity in the legislation concerning environmental protection. The problems encountered in the efforts intended to improve the efficiency of the spark ignition engine are derived from its inefficient operation under partial loads. The variable intake valve lift is capable of significant changes aiming at lower fuel consumption, especially in the frequent use area: low torque, low speed. An alternative to the experimental study of fluid flow is the approach by numerical simulation, CFD, using the software ANSYS-Fluent. The main purpose of the present doctoral thesis was to determine the fluid flow velocity during the intake, for two intake valve lift laws, when the engine is running at 815 rpm, and with an opening of the throttle plate at 21.6°. To do this, we have used two numerical simulation models: one two-dimensional, and one three-dimensional. The study by numerical simulation made it possible to clarify some important issues regarding the air flow velocity into the cylinder, and the level of turbulence
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Rea, Jeremy Ryan. "An investigation of fuel optimal terminal descent." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/18393.
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Current renewed interest in exploration of the moon, Mars, and other planetary objects is driving technology development in many fields of space system design. In particular, there is a desire to land both robotic and human missions on the moon and elsewhere. The core of a successful landing is a robust guidance, navigation, and control system (GN&C). In particular, the landing guidance system must be able to deliver the vehicle from an orbit above the planet to a desired soft landing, while meeting several constraints necessary for the safety of the vehicle. In addition, due to the performance limitations of current launch vehicles, it is desired to minimize the amount of propellant used during the landing. To make matters even more complicated, the landing site may change in real-time in order to avoid previously undetected hazards which become apparent during the landing maneuver. The Apollo program relied heavily on the eyes of the astronauts to avoid such hazards through manual control. However, for missions to the lunar polar regions, poor lighting conditions will make this much more difficult; for robotic missions, this is not an option. It is desired to find a solution to the landing problem such that the fuel used is minimized while meeting constraints on the initial state, final state, bounded thrust acceleration magnitude, and bounded pitch attitude. With the assumptions of constant gravity and negligible atmosphere, the form of the optimal steering law is found, and the equations of motion are integrated analytically, resulting in a system of five equations in five unknowns. When the pitch over constraint is ignored, it is shown that this system of equations can be reduced analytically to two equations in two unknowns. In addition, when an assumption of a constant thrust acceleration magnitude is made, this system can be reduced further to one equation in one unknown. It is shown that these unknowns can be bounded analytically. An algorithm is developed to quickly and reliably solve the resulting one-dimensional bounded search. The algorithm is used as a real-time guidance and is applied to lunar and Mars landing test cases.text
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Quigley, Christopher John 1962. "Refueling and evaporative emissions of volatile organic compounds from gasoline powered motor vehicles." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3642.
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The United States Environmental Protection Agency has estimated that over 111 million people reside in areas that exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone. One major source of the chemical precursors (nitrogen dioxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) for ozone are motor vehicles. The overall goal of this research is to improve the knowledge base related to VOC refueling and evaporative emissions from motor vehicles. Refueling, running loss, hot soak, and diurnal loss total and speciated VOC emissions were investigated. A total of 12 uncontrolled refueling events were completed and involved the determination of volumetric flow rates of gasoline vapor during refueling, as well as total and speciated VOC concentrations. Total VOC emissions were compared with two commonly used algorithms. Speciated VOC vapor profiles were compared with two published gasoline vapor profiles and theoretical predictions based on knowledge of liquid composition and environmental conditions. An evaluation of refueling emissions impacts on ozone formation potentials using MIR was completed and results were compared against speciated emissions and MOBILE-based total VOC emissions estimates coupled with a default speciation profile. Refueling VOC emissions and resultant ozone formation potential may be underestimated in existing emission inventories, particularly during the summer ozone season, A model was developed to predict the speciation of VOCs associated with evaporative emissions from motor vehicles. Model-predicted speciation profiles were evaluated using SHED studies. Running loss, hot soak and diurnal emissions were included in each test. Total VOC emissions measured during each test were compared against MOBILE6 predicted emissions. An evaluation of evaporative emissions impacts on ozone formation potentials using MIR was completed, comparing measured and predicted emissions. The measured:predicted speciation results ranged between 0.93 and 1.11 and had an average value of 1.02. For the conditions tested, MOBILE6 underestimated evaporative emissions in 20 of 24 comparisons. MOBILE6-based ozone formation potentials may be underestimated.
Books on the topic "Automobiles Fuel consumption Mathematical models"
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McGill, R. Fuel consumption and emission values for traffic models. McLean, Va: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1985.
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Hensher, David A. Predicting automobile fuel consumption in the household sector: A disaggregate approach. [North Ryde, N.S.W.]: Macquarie University, School of Economic and Financial Studies, 1985.
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Gommersbach, Manfred. Ökonomische Analyse der PKW-Kraftstoffnachfrage in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Köln: Müller Botermann, 1988.
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International Federation of Automobile Engineers' and Technicians' Associations. International Congress. The vehicle and the environment: Technical papers : XXIV FISITA Congress, 7-11 June, 1992, London : automotive technology serving society. London: published by Mechanical Engineering Publications Ltd. for the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1992.
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Franzén, Mikael. The demand for gasoline in the OECD. [Göteborg, Sweden]: Gothenburg University School of Economics and Legal Science, 1990.
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Gaudry, Marc J. I. DRAG-2, un modèle économétrique appliqué au kilométrage, aux accidents et à leur gravité au Québec. Québec: Société de l'assurance automobile du Québec, 1994.
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Conniffe, Denis. Energy elasticities: Responsiveness of demands for fuels to income and price changes. Dublin: Economic and Social Research Institute, 1990.
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Conniffe, Denis. Energy elasticities: Responsiveness of demands for fuels to income and price changes : Executive summary. Dublin: Economic and Social Research Institute, 1990.
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Malarz, Adam. Electricity generation in Japan: A fossil fuel demand model. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 1992.
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Izumi, K. H. A conflict analysis of 4D descent strategies in a metered, multiple-arrival route environment. Hampton, Va: NASA Langley Research Center, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Automobiles Fuel consumption Mathematical models"
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Stennikov, Valery A., and Ivan V. Postnikov. "Problems of Modeling and Optimization of Heat Supply Systems." In Sustaining Power Resources through Energy Optimization and Engineering, 102–26. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9755-3.ch005.
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This chapter deals with the problem of comprehensive analysis of heat supply reliability for consumers. It implies a quantitative assessment of the impact of all stages of heat energy production and distribution on heat supply reliability for each consumer of the heat supply system. A short review of existing methods for the analysis of fuel and heat supply reliability is presented that substantiates the key approaches to solving the problem of comprehensive analysis of heat supply reliability. A methodological approach is suggested, in which mathematical models and methods for nodal evaluation of heat supply reliability for consumers are developed and the studies on the impact of different elements of fuel and heat supply systems on its level are described. Mathematical modeling is based on the Markov random processes, models of flow distribution in a heat network, deterministic dependences of thermal processes of heat energy consumption and some other models.
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Burlaka, Serhiy, and Natalia Telekalo. "MODERNIZATION OF THE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF A DIESEL POWER PLANT." In Modernization of research area: national prospects and European practices. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-221-0-10.
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The research is devoted to solving important tasks of interdisciplinary research work on the topic: «Development of scientific and technical support for energy autonomy of the agro-industrial complex based on environmentally efficient use of agrobiomass for biofuel production», state registration number 0122U000844, implementation of which is planned for 2022–2024 at the expense of the state budget of Ukraine.This paper considers topical scientific and technical issues of improving the efficiency of machine units when working with mixed fuels. One of the most promising alternative fuels is biofuels, the use of which will reduce the consumption of petroleum fuels and reduce corrosion emissions into the atmosphere.A review of the literature sources of modern power systems and equipment using biofuels and their mixtures, the impact of fuel mixtures on engine operation and analysis of mathematical models for calculation by the methods of Lyshevsky O. S. and clarification of prof. Razleytseva M. F.An improved diesel engine power system has been developed, which electronically controls the composition of the dosed fuel mixture, a mixer for mixed fuel supply to the machine unit has been developed, the operation of the machine-tractor unit (MAT) model has been confirmed, and AIT physical and mathematical models have been developed. A method for calculating the continuity of the working fluid flow in the characteristic areas of modern power supply systems has been developed. The geometric parameters of the Savonius rotor of the developed mixer are calculated and optimized to the most appropriate design solution.The aim of the study is to increase the efficiency of biofuel use in diesel power plants by improving the fuel system of the fuel mixer.Research methods include theoretical and experimental studies of the process of obtaining and supplying biofuels using a mixing device, comparative studies of diesel power plant in bench conditions and operating conditions on this fuel using modern technical measuring instruments and methods of processing these data on personal computers using standard application packages Compass, FlowVision.
Conference papers on the topic "Automobiles Fuel consumption Mathematical models"
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Nguyen, The, Mohammad Elahinia, and Constantin Ciocanel. "A Magnetorheological Mount for Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1362.
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Advanced vehicular technologies have been increasingly popular since they improve fuel economy. Automobiles with variable cylinder management are capable of turning on/off the cylinders in order to optimize the fuel consumption. Hybrid vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) or hydraulic hybrid vehicles (HHVs) allow the engines to operate in the most efficient region. Besides, the hybrid technology includes capturing the braking energy, otherwise wasted as heat, to aid the acceleration. However, the enhancement in fuel efficiency comes with unbalance, shock and wider range of frequency vibration. Noise and vibration is actually one of the main obstacles in commercializing the HHV technology. This study is to design a vibration isolator to work for HHVs effectively and economically. The vibration profile of HHVs is proven to include both shock load at the switches of power sources and wide frequency range of vibration. That the HHV’s engine is turned on/off frequently and the hydraulic pumps/motors operate between 0 and 2000RPM, corresponding to 0–300Hz, poses difficult challenges for the isolation system. Rubber mounts are cheap, but only good for static load support and suitable for low power engine. Passive hydraulic mounts are only effective for conventional engines with unvarying working schedules. On the other hand, the active mounts are responsive for any condition, but too costly for commercial vehicles. Semi-active mounts with magnetorheological fluid (MRF) have been researched and recognized as a highly potential solution for hydraulic hybrid vehicles. The semi-active MRF mount is constructed very similar to a conventional hydraulic mount. However, the working fluid is an MRF which can quickly change its characteristics when the magnetic field is present. The main features of the MRF mount include multiple controllable MR valves, utilizing the flow (valve) mode, to connect the top and bottom fluid chambers. In addition, the mount is also capable of employing the fluid in squeeze mode. The structure of the MRF mount allows the stiffness and damping to be controlled in real time. The controllability makes the mount tunable to particularly fit the requirements of the HHVs. In this study, a mathematical model was constructed to predict the performance of the mount. The parameters were tuned so that the mount is effective within the whole operating frequency range of the HHV’s vibration.
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Casoli, Paolo, Luca Riccò, Federico Campanini, Antonio Lettini, and Cesare Dolcin. "Mathematical Model of a Hydraulic Excavator for Fuel Consumption Predictions." In ASME/BATH 2015 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2015-9566.
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This paper presents the multibody mathematical model of a hydraulic excavator, developed in the AMESim® environment, which is able to predict the machinery fuel consumption during the working cycles. The mathematical modelling approach is presented as well as the subsystems models. The experimental activity on the excavator is presented in detail. The excavator fuel consumption was measured according to the JCMAS standard. The working cycles were executed an appropriate number of times in order to minimize the stochastic influence of the operator on the fuel consumption. The results show the mathematical model capability in the machine fuel consumption prediction. The excavator model could be useful either to perform accurate analyses on the energy dissipation in the system, giving the possibility to introduce new system configurations and compare their performance with the standard one, or for the definition of novel system control strategies in order to achieve the fuel consumption reduction target.
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Igor, Egorov N., Kretinin V. Gennady, Leshchenko A. Igor, and Kuptzov V. Sergey. "Multi-Objective Robust Optimization of Air Engine Using IOSO Technology." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53504.
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This paper demonstrates the multi-objective optimization of air engine in aircraft system using either Deterministic or Robust Design Optimization statements. The goal is to obtain the Pareto-optimum frontier for the air engine and aircraft parameters. Performance characteristics of engine include the following: specific fuel consumption; thrust, with external resistance included, for any flight operating modes of aircraft; weight; the engine size parameters; engine’s life period; level of engine noise; and maintenance costs of the engine. Performance characteristics of an aircraft include passenger-per-kilometer fuel consumption, direct maintenance expenditures, maintenance cost, terrain noise level, take-off runway length, maximum flight altitude, maximum flight Mach number for different parameters of the operation process of the engine, and the various aircraft geometry parameters. While solving a problem of optimizing an engine in an aircraft system, conditions may exist where values of objective function and constraints can not be calculated. This can be caused by both the unfeasibility of a whole system for certain combinations of design variables, and the instability of numerical schemes used as mathematical models. Such conditions can even lead to a crash of the mathematical model. The existence of such areas usually substantially complicates the solution of optimization tasks and in some cases makes it impossible to find optimal solution. The paper illustrates that IOSO algorithms can deal with such cases very efficiently. This paper presents the result of the probabilistic statement of the multi-objective optimization problem, which decreases technical risks when developing modern objects and systems with the highest level of efficiency.
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Mills, Val D., John R. Wagner, and Darren M. Dawson. "Nonlinear Modeling and Analysis of Steering Systems for Hybrid Vehicles." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/de-23270.
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Abstract Hybrid vehicles integrate an internal combustion engine, electric motor with accompanying battery pack and generator, and potentially fuel cells to realize greater fuel economy and reduced emission levels. An attractive advantage of multiple energy sources is the increased travel range, reduced stationary recharging times, and availability of greater power for acceleration and payloads. A variety of operating scenarios exist for hybrid vehicle powertrains including engine (and belt driven generator), electric motor using battery back and/or fuel cell, and finally, engine and electric motor. Therefore, automotive subsystems such as hydraulic power steering cannot be consistently powered by a conventional belt driven hydraulic pump since the engine may be frequently turned-off to conserve energy. A need exists to investigate the dynamic behavior of various steering systems for hybrid vehicles in terms of platform steering characteristics, power consumption, and identification of performance requirements for a servo-motor steering system. In this paper, empirical and analytical mathematical models will be presented for power (e.g., hydraulic, electric, and steer-by-wire) rack and pinion steering units. The influence of vehicle and steering system nonlinearities will be introduced for greater accuracy in predicting the vehicle’s transient response. Representative results will be presented and discussed to investigate the response of the vehicle to different driver inputs as the steering system configurations are adjusted. An analysis of the numerical results will ultimately allow the prediction of vehicle trajectory, feedback torque, and power consumption during the driving maneuvers.
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Ali, Fakhre, Ioannis Goulos, Konstantinos Tzanidakis, Vassilios Pachidis, and Roberto d’Ippolito. "A Multidisciplinary Approach for the Comprehensive Assessment of Integrated Rotorcraft–Powerplant Systems at Mission Level." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25037.
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This paper presents an integrated methodology for the comprehensive assessment of combined rotorcraft–powerplant systems at mission level. Analytical evaluation of existing and conceptual designs is carried out in terms of operational performance and environmental impact. The proposed approach comprises a wide-range of individual modeling theories applicable to rotorcraft flight dynamics and gas turbine engine performance. A novel, physics-based, stirred reactor model is employed for the rapid estimation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. The individual mathematical models are implemented within an elaborate numerical procedure, solving for total mission fuel consumption and associated pollutant emissions. The combined approach is applied to the comprehensive analysis of a reference twin-engine light aircraft modeled after the Eurocopter Bo 105 helicopter, operating on representative mission scenarios. Extensive comparisons with flight test data are carried out and presented in terms of main rotor trim control angles and power requirements, along with general flight performance charts including payload-range diagrams. Predictions of total mission fuel consumption and NOx emissions are compared with estimated values provided by the Swiss Federal Office of Civil Aviation. Good agreement is exhibited between predictions made with the physics-based stirred reactor model and experimentally measured values of NOx emission indices. The obtained results suggest that, the production rates of NOx pollutant emissions are predominantly influenced by the behavior of total air inlet pressure upstream of the combustion chamber, which is affected by the employed operational procedures and the time-dependent all-up mass of the aircraft. It is demonstrated that, accurate estimation of on-board fuel supplies ahead of flight is key to improving fuel economy as well as reducing environmental impact. The proposed methodology essentially constitutes an enabling technology for the comprehensive assessment of existing and conceptual rotorcraft–powerplant systems, in terms of operational performance and environmental impact.
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Goulos, Ioannis, Panos Giannakakis, Vassilios Pachidis, and Pericles Pilidis. "Mission Performance Simulation of Integrated Helicopter–Engine Systems Using an Aeroelastic Rotor Model." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94798.
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This paper presents an integrated approach, targeting the comprehensive assessment of combined helicopter–engine designs, within designated operations. The developed methodology comprises a series of individual modeling theories, each applicable to a different aspect of helicopter flight dynamics and performance. These relate to rotor blade modal analysis, three-dimensional flight path definition, flight dynamics trim solution, aeroelasticity and engine performance. The individual mathematical models are elaborately integrated within a numerical procedure, solving for the total mission fuel consumption. The overall simulation framework is applied to the performance analysis of the Aérospatiale SA330 helicopter within two generic, twin-engine medium helicopter missions. An extensive comparison with flight test data on main rotor trim controls, power requirements and unsteady blade structural loads is presented. It is shown that, for the typical range of operating conditions encountered by modern twin-engine medium civil helicopters, the effect of operational altitude on fuel consumption is predominantly influenced by the corresponding effects induced on the engine, rather than on airframe–rotor performance. The implications associated with the implicit coupling between aircraft and engine performance, are discussed in the context of mission analysis. The potential to comprehensively evaluate integrated helicopter–engine systems within complete three-dimensional operations, using modeling fidelity designated for main rotor design applications, is demonstrated. The proposed method essentially constitutes an enabler in terms of focusing the rotorcraft design process on designated operation types, rather than on specific sets of flight conditions.
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Parkar, Omkar, Benjamin Snyder, and Sohel Anwar. "Optimization of Powertrain Energy Management for Range Extended Electric Vehicle Using Modified Particle Swarm Algorithm." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69605.
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Abstract Energy and Power Management Strategies play vital role in improving efficiency of any hybrid propulsion system. However, these control strategies are sensitive to the dynamics of the powertrain components used is the given system. A mathematical model for hybrid powertrain of Range Extended Electric Vehicle (REEV) has been developed in this study and is further optimized to reduce the level of fuel consumption and NOx emissions individually by optimizing the control strategy of Power Management System (PMS). A modified Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm has been used in this research, to determine the optimum PMS strategy. In performing these optimizations, the control signal consisting of genset speed and power for a full 2-hour cycle was used as the controllable decision parameters input directly from the optimizer. Each element of the control signal was split into 50 distinct points representing the full 2 hours giving slightly more than 2 minutes per point, noting that the values used in the models were interpolated between the points for each time step. With the control signal consisting of 2 distinct signals viz. speed and power, as 50 element time variant signals, a 100-D problem was formulated for the optimizer. The developed algorithms were simulated on the REEV model on MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. Simulation results show that the fuel consumption reduction of 12% and NOx emission reduction of 35% was achieved individually by deploying the optimal PMS strategy when compared with the baseline results.
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Mahmoud, K. G., O. Knaus, T. Parikyan, and M. Patete. "Three Dimensional Ring Dynamics Modeling Approach for Analyzing Lubrication, Friction and Wear of Piston Ring-Pack." In ASME 2017 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2017-3586.
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The automotive industry is subjected to increasing pressure in order to improve fuel efficiency and reduce the CO2 emissions of internal combustion (IC) engines. The power cylinder system (piston, piston ring, and liner) contributes significantly to the friction losses, engine oil consumption and gas leakage called blow-by. The role of cylinder bore shape in engine performance has been the subject of several studies in recent years. High bore distortion must be avoided because it can lead to ring conformability issues, which leads to inadequate sealing resulting in increased blow-by and oil consumption. It also leads to asperity contact between the piston skirt and cylinder bore increasing friction causing abnormally high surface wear. Although bore distortion cannot be eliminated, engine manufacturers strive to contain it within acceptable limits. Therefore, numerical analysis of the power cylinder with physically based mathematical models becomes very essential to the engine and component manufacturer in order to reduce engine development lead time and minimize the number of engine tests. The integrated ring-pack modeling methodology developed by the authors [1] is used to investigate the piston ring-pack performance. Although the modeling approach can be used for extensive parameter analysis of piston, piston rings and lubrication oil consumption, the influence of the bore distortion on the ring conformability and its impact on blow-by, friction and wear is highlighted in this study. Piston tilting, piston ring twist and surface roughness of the piston ring and liner have been taken into consideration.
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Javed, Salman, Farhan Javed, and Samsher. "Effect of Boat Tail Profile on Drag Coefficient of a Sedan Using CFD." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72653.
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An appendage is a boat tail which is installed at the rear section of the passenger car. An inflatable appendage has been developed to reduce the aerodynamic drag experienced by passenger cars. It can be inflated when driving under high-speed conditions and deflated while parking. In this study, an appendage is designed to maintain the streamlined rear body configuration and reduce flow separation. The profile of this aerodynamic device is based on several mathematical curves such as kappa curve, lame curve, catenary curve and aerofoil curve. Four types of boat tailing devices with different lengths and profiles were installed, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed under moving ground conditions. The primary objective of this study is to find an optimum shape for the appendage and explain the aerodynamic drag reduction mechanism. Comparisons between the base model and modified models were made on the basis of the coefficient of drag, pressure contours, velocity contours, velocity streamlines and pressure distribution plot. It is shown that significant drag reduction can be obtained with the proposed aerodynamic device. Improvement in fuel efficiency varies based on the profile of add-on device. It is shown numerically that the aerodynamic performance is improved by 18.8% compared to the base model. As a result, the fuel consumption of the modified sedan reduces by 4.5%.
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Sisca, Lorenzo, Alessandro Messana, Henrique de Carvalho Pinheiro, Alessandro Ferraris, Andrea Giancarlo Airale, and Massimiliana Carello. "Validation of a Numerical-Experimental Methodology for Structural Health Monitoring on Automotive Components." In ASME 2021 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2021-68159.
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Abstract In the recent years, the materials composing the traditional of aircrafts are being progressively replaced with lower density materials, as the Reinforced Plastics. The same trend has been highlighted in the Automotive field to assess the reduction of fuel consumption and CO2 emission. In order to achieve an optimization of maintenance a variety of on-board systems has been applied for on-line SHM based on piezoelectric transducers earned a particularly high interest for continuous monitoring on metallic and composite structures. The application of this system in automotive could enhance passenger safety, through the monitoring of the vehicle composite material structure health status. In this paper, six mathematical models for evaluating the electrical response of piezoelectric sensors have been implemented, with the aim of selecting the most effective model for damage identification. Experimental tests were carried out on three types of simpler specimens of different geometries made of different materials (steel, aluminum and carbon fiber). A correlation study has been carried on in order to support the positioning of sensors. The proposed numerical-experimental methodology is an essential foundation for the introduction of monitoring systems based on piezoelectric transducers in the Automotive sector.