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Journal articles on the topic 'Automobile systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Vegesna, Dr Vinod Varma. "Investigations on Cybersecurity Challenges and Mitigation Strategies in Intelligent transport systems." Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research 06, no. 04 (2022): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46759/iijsr.2022.6409.

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Automobiles are becoming more linked, also with the ability to synchronize to cellular telephones, offer atmospheric as well as navigational alerts for vehicle passengers, and even broadcast safety alerts to all other automobiles and nearby infrastructures. Although automobile connectivity or digitalization provides obvious benefits to passenger satisfaction including accident prevention, these have indeed increased potential enabling attackers to take over automobiles that endanger either driver's or pedestrians' life. Since the attackers are capable of hacking vehicular communications, some of the notable automobile attacks became effective. This study expands on discussio

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2

James, Ajith Tom, O. P. Gandhi, and S. G. Deshmukh. "Knowledge management of automobile system failures through development of failure knowledge ontology from maintenance experience." Journal of Advances in Management Research 14, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 425–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-02-2017-0024.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an ontological model of failure knowledge of automobile systems that will enhance the knowledge management of automobile system failures, which will help for design and maintenance of automobiles. Failure knowledge of automobile systems and components gained through maintenance and repair can mitigate future failures, if integrated in the design. This is an outcome of this paper. Design/methodology/approach A failure coding scheme is developed for assimilating various entities of automobile failure knowledge and an ontological model is developed for its systematic structuring and representation. The developed failure code is a combination of alphanumeric and numeric code that incorporates ingredients of the failure knowledge, which will help database management, with reduced data entry time and storage space. Findings The maintenance of automobiles not only brings back the systems into operating conditions but also convey a lot of information regarding the failures. This is a useful input to the designers in development of reliable and maintainable automobile systems. A knowledge base can be created for automobile systems/components failures from their maintenance and service experience. Research limitations/implications Developed ontological model of automobile failure knowledge gained through maintenance experience can be shared across automobile manufacturers and service providers. This would help in design improvements, with ease and efficient undertaking of maintenance activities. This paper proposes the conceptual ontology structure, which is populated with three cases of automobile maintenance. Originality/value This research work is a first attempt to develop an ontological model for automobile failures from their maintenance and service experience. The novelty of the work is in its explicit consideration of all knowledge related to failures and maintenance of automobile systems, with their coding and structuring.

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Maeda, Shinnosuke, Kyaw Thu, Tomohiro Maruyama, and Takahiko Miyazaki. "Critical Review on the Developments and Future Aspects of Adsorption Heat Pumps for Automobile Air Conditioning." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 2061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112061.

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Emission and heat rejection from automobiles are largely responsible for urban environmental issues. Adsorption systems driven by engine waste heat exhibit huge potential to meet the demand for cabin thermal comfort while improving fuel economy. However, the mechanical vapour compression (MVC) systems are still the undisputed champions in automobile air conditioning. This paper provides a critical review on the development and progress of adsorption heat pumps specifically for automobile air conditioning. In doing so, some of the progress and development in land-based adsorption chillers (heat pump), which are not realistically relevant to automobile adsorption systems, are explicitly excluded. Matching the energy density, durability, and reliability of the MVC systems remain major hurdles. The importance of improving the energy density based on the overall system weight or volume, real-world tests under various driving modes and durability aspects are discussed.

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Weber, Michael, André Berton, and Björn Reich. "Abstrakte Beschreibung automobiler HMI-SystemeAbstract Description of Automobile HMI systems." i-com 8, no. 2 (August 2009): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/icom.2009.0019.

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ZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel wird eine Beschreibungssprache für automobile HMI-Systeme definiert, die es er-möglicht ein solches System unabhängig von einem zur Modellierung eingesetzten Programm zu beschreiben. Vor der Definition dieser eigenen Beschreibungssprache werden vorhandene Sprachen auf ihre Tauglichkeit hin untersucht. Anschließend wird am Beispiel von Web-Services gezeigt, wie mit einer solchen Beschreibungssprache auch die Anbindung neuer Dienste an ein HMI-Modell beschrieben werden kann.

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Leoncini, Riccardo, and Sandro Montresor. "The automobile technological systems." Research Policy 30, no. 8 (October 2001): 1321–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-7333(00)00155-4.

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6

TOKUDA, Tomokazu. "Human-Machine Systems in Automobile." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 88, no. 797 (1985): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.88.797_401.

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7

Mohammadian, Abolfazl, and Eric J. Miller. "Empirical Investigation of Household Vehicle Type Choice Decisions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1854, no. 1 (January 2003): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1854-11.

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Automobile ownership models are an integral part of comprehensive transportation modeling systems. Recent work and ongoing advances in the area of activity-based travel demand modeling have recognized the need for increased experimentation with automobile choice models. On the other hand, while automobiles are very important in people's everyday lives, they also have a serious impact on the environment. This impact occurs at the micro level (pollution) as well as the macro level (emission of greenhouse gases and global warming). Such impacts have led to increased interest in reducing motor vehicle emissions. A household automobile type choice model was developed at a disaggregate level. The model can provide a direct forecast of consumer demand for personal-use vehicles given the available choices. A well-developed form of discrete choice modeling techniques, the nested logit model, was used to investigate the process of household automobile type choice decisions given that a transaction has occurred.

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Shin, Hoisik, Junseo Yang, and Woongi Hwang. "Investigating the Safety Management Plan in Junkyard." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.2.103.

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Automobiles play a crucial role in our lives as they help us in improving our quality of life. Owing to the expansion and development of various industries, the demand for automobiles has increased, which has resulted in an increase in the number of vehicles. The boundary value, due to the recycling of automobile-based waste, is expected to reach approximately 500 billion won per year. In particular, due to the amendment in the Automobile Management Act in 2010, the central axis has shifted from “dismantled and recycled” to “dismantled and recycled.” For recycling, each and every part of the automobile should be dismantled at the junkyard. However, the junkyards in Korea do not have a systematic and automated dismantling system for cars, and thus, they rely on direct dismantling and separation systems; this results in large-scale fires owing to the increased risk of fires that occur during the direct dismantling process. To address this issue, I would like to suggest a safety management plan for junkyards in Korea.

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Sun, Fang Fang, Cai Ping Liang, and Peng Li. "On-Line Test System of Air-Condition in Automobile." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1784–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1784.

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Because of better comfort, air-conditioning (AC) systems are a common feature in automobile these days. Testing the performance of AC systems before automobile are sold in order to decrease AC systems repair rate become more and more urgent to auto manufacturers. An on-line test system of AC systems in automobile is designed in this paper; this system can test temperature, humidity, and wind speed of AC systems when automobile are moving on production line .Users can determine AC systems are qualified or not by these measured values.

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Shin, Chuan Yuan, Yi Wen Guo, and Ruey Gwo Chung. "Effects of Vocational School Students’ Web-Based Collaborative Learning on Diagnosis and Repair in Automobile Electrical Systems – Cases of Starting, Charging and Ignition Systems." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 1840–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.1840.

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The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of web-based collaborative learning with automobile electrical system diagnosis and repair on starting the system, charging system and ignition system. Literature review and experimental design were utilized to analyze the learning effects of automobile electrical system diagnosis and repair cognitive, psychomotor and affective and the measurement of collaborative learning effects scales after experimental teaching. The expected effects of this study, is to find out about the digital materials of the web-based automobile electrical system diagnosis and repair are used and explored in teaching methods of collaborative learning through experimental teaching for students from automobile department in vocational schools. Proceeding the learning effects of automobile electrical system diagnosis and repair cognitive, psychomotor and affective and the measurement of collaborative learning effects scales after experimental teaching. Hopefully, the results and suggestions can be a reference of planning practical digital materials instruction in automobile electrical system diagnosis and repair in vocational high schools.

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ISMAIL, MUHAMMAD YUSRI, M.S. Beg, M.F. Jamlos, W.H. Azmi, N.H. Badrulhisam, and Omar I. Awad. "Potential and Limitation of Internet of Things (IOT) Application in the Automotive Industry: An Overview." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 3 (October 11, 2022): 9939–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.06.0766.

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With yearly output exceeding 70 million units, the automotive industry is one of the world's largest manufacturing industries. According to worldwide estimates, the car industry's global revenue was an astounding 3 trillion dollars equating to a combined global GDP of 3.65 percent. The emergence of IoT in the automobile sector has created new opportunities for automakers and purchasers worldwide. With industrial and commercial applications, IoT in the automobile industry has developed into a significant hotspot for a variety of multipurpose applications. From linked automobiles to automated transportation systems, Internet of Things applications have had a significant impact on the worldwide automotive business. The Internet of Things, along with other disruptive technologies, is reshaping the automobile sector as a whole. The evolution of this sector has resulted in the birth of ground-breaking advancements in automobiles, namely linked and autonomous vehicles. Different types of internet of things technology have significant qualities that make them viable candidates as a technology for use in automotive industry. This paper focuses on internet of things latest findings done by previous researcher and describes the operation of the technology. Moreover, this paper also provides insights into some countermeasures against internet of things.

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Balaraju, A., and R. Venkatachalam. "A Study on Conventional versus Independent Suspension System of an Automobile." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 827–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.827.

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the suspension system of an automobile helps to support the car body, engine and passengers, and at the same time absorbs shocks received from the ground while vehicle moves on rough roads. There are two types of suspension systems which are being used in the automobiles, namely, conventional suspension system and independent suspension system. in this paper it is aimed at studying the dynamic behaviour of the two types of suspension systems, using full car model.

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Wienecke, Dirk, and Wilfried J. Bartz. "Automobile Transmission Gears as Tribological Systems." Tribology Transactions 44, no. 3 (January 2001): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402000108982485.

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Oluwatimilehin, Ariyo Samson, Udogu Kingsley Chimezia, and Mamman Danladi. "Integration of Automobile Mechatronics Technology into the Curriculum of Automobile Trades Programmes at the Technical Colleges in Nigeria." Britain International of Linguistics Arts and Education (BIoLAE) Journal 3, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biolae.v3i1.404.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of automobile industries workshop craftsmen in relation to the integration of automobile mechatronics technology into the curriculum of automobile trade programmes in technical colleges in Nigeria. Three research questions guided the study. A survey research design was adopted for the study. The population for the study is 31 comprising 23 automobile industries workshop craftsmen who are currently working in automobile companies in Enugu state, and eight (8) automobile trades’ technical teachers in technical colleges in Enugu state. A structured questionnaire titled Instrument for Integrating Automobile Mechatronics Sub-systems (IIAMS) was used for data collection. Two experts from the Department of Industrial Technical Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, and one expert from Anambra Motor Manufacturing Company (ANAMCO) face validated the instrument. The reliability co-efficient of the instrument was found to be 0.87 using Cronbach Alpha. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for the research questions, while t-test was used to test the null hypotheses. The results of the study indicate that that automobile craftsmen find difficulties in servicing some automobile mechatronics sub-systems, while 16 mechatronics sub-systems were agreed on to be integrated into the automobile curriculum. It was recommended that these mechatronics sub-systems should be integrated into technical college curriculum and that technical colleges should partner with automobile industries for effective training of craftsmen. The study will contribute positively to the understanding of automobile mechatronics technology, and how it can be integrated into the curriculum.

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Oluwatimilehin, Ariyo Samson, Udogu Kingsley Chimezia, and Mamman Danladi. "Integration of Automobile Mechatronics Technology into the Curriculum of Automobile Trades Programmes at the Technical Colleges in Nigeria." Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v2i1.195.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of automobile industries workshop craftsmen in relation to the integration of automobile mechatronics technology into the curriculum of automobile trade programmes in technical colleges in Nigeria. Three research questions guided the study. A survey research design was adopted for the study. The population for the study is 31 comprising 23 automobile industries workshop craftsmen who are currently working in automobile companies in Enugu state, and eight (8) automobile trades’ technical teachers in technical colleges in Enugu state. A structured questionnaire titled Instrument for Integrating Automobile Mechatronics Sub-systems (IIAMS) was used for data collection. Two experts from the Department of Industrial Technical Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, and one expert from Anambra Motor Manufacturing Company (ANAMCO) face validated the instrument. The reliability co-efficient of the instrument was found to be 0.87 using Cronbach Alpha. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for the research questions, while t-test was used to test the null hypotheses. The results of the study indicate that that automobile craftsmen find difficulties in servicing some automobile mechatronics sub-systems, while 16 mechatronics sub-systems were agreed on to be integrated into the automobile curriculum. It was recommended that these mechatronics sub-systems should be integrated into technical college curriculum and that technical colleges should partner with automobile industries for effective training of craftsmen. The study will contribute positively to the understanding of automobile mechatronics technology, and how it can be integrated into the curriculum.

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Ramsey, Kent L., and F. Blair Simmons. "High-Powered Automobile Stereos." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 109, no. 1 (July 1993): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989310900119.

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We measured the owner-adjusted acoustic outputs of 10 automobile stereo systems, with power ratings ranging between 150 and 600 watts. The sound levels ranged from 107 to 138 dB SPL and 84 to 108 dBA. Most of the high-Intensity sound was in the 31, 62, and 125 Hz center-frequency octave bands. The mean computed noise dose, based on the vehicle owners' reported dally duration of exposure, was 108.5%. While there is clearly a risk of hearing damage in the extreme cases according to OSHA standards, the typical listening durations claimed by the stereo owners would seem to lower the risk for the majority to acceptable margins for the automobiles measured.

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Akhibi, Samuel Damilola. "Smart automobile self-diagnosis data evaluation system." European Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ejcsit/vol10.no1.pp38-45.

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The optimal performance of an automobile requires that underlining problems are checked at intervals by qualified technicians. Many a time, the checks are not carried out routinely until a fault in the vehicle raises its ugly head, this can cause disruptions of all kinds and disrupt the schedule of the owner. Over time, with the advent of technological advancement, there has been an increase in the usage of fault monitoring sensors in keeping track of the performance and maintenance requirements of automobiles. As the trend in technological advancement continues, diagnosis and evaluation techniques are now focused on a more active and user-centric system. In this paper, we would be analyzing current diagnosis and evaluation systems and looking into the research for self-diagnosing and evaluation for automotive systems

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18

Tsugawa, Sadayuki. "Automobile Driver Assistance Systems: Trends and Issues." NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI 80, no. 10 (2007): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2324/gomu.80.368.

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19

Bollen, Math. "Book Review: Automobile Electrical and Electronic Systems." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 33, no. 3 (July 1996): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099603300315.

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Simmons, R. B., J. A. Noble, L. Rose, D. L. Price, S. A. Crow, and D. G. Ahearn. "Fungal colonization of automobile air conditioning systems." Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 19, no. 2 (August 1, 1997): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900451.

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21

Vatter, Clemens. "Simulation of Automobile Insurance Bonus-Malus Systems." American Journal of Mathematical and Management Sciences 17, no. 3-4 (February 1997): 329–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01966324.1997.10737443.

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22

Liang, Cai Ping, Hao Bin Tian, Xiao Hang Liu, and Zhong Tu Yu. "Study on the Effect of Riveting Equipment Spindle Displacement on Torque of Ball Stud in Auto Control Arms." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 1594–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.1594.

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The control arms, as an important part of automobile components, are widely used in auto assemblies. The ball joint sealing of control arms is a key process to chassises assembly and the sealing quality directly determines the lifespan of steering systems of automobiles. In this paper, based on the aluminum control arms, a precise control system of revolving-riveting equipment spindle displacement was developed and the effect of riveting equipment spindle displacement on torque of ball joint sealing was studied through experiments method. The results showed that the torque of ball joint is directly related to the displacement of spindle, and a better sealing quality can be achieved when the displacement of spindle was in a reasonable range. The research will provide elementary technical support to the ball joint sealing of automobile control arms.

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James, Ajith Tom, Om Parkash Gandhi, and Sanjeev Govindrao Deshmukh. "Development of methodology for the disassemblability index of automobile systems using a structural approach." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 4 (August 5, 2016): 516–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016656311.

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The time and effort required for maintenance of an automobile system are highly dependent on its disassemblability, which is one of the most important attributes of its maintainability. To evaluate the disassemblability index, i.e. to measure the ease of disassembly, the disassemblability factors (both the design factors and the contextual factors) of an automobile system are identified. These and their interrelations are modelled by considering their structure using the graph theory. The directed graph (digraph) of the disassemblability of the automobile system is defined; the nodes of this represent its disassemblability factors, while the edges represent their degrees of influence. An equivalent matrix of the digraph establishes the system’s disassemblability function which characterizes the disassemblability of the system, leading to development of the disassemblability index. A high value of the disassemblability index indicates that it is very easy to remove or replace parts. The disassemblability index ratio is used to compare the actual conditions of disassembly with the ideal conditions of disassembly. A case study of an automobile gearbox is illustrated using the step-by-step procedure of the proposed methodology of disassemblability. The proposed methodology is helpful to evaluate and compare various alternative designs of the automobile system and, therefore, can aid the design and development of automobile systems from the disassembly viewpoint.

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James, Ajith Tom, Girish Kumar, Aavriti Arora, and Shrey Padhi. "Development of a design based remanufacturability index for automobile systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 235, no. 12 (March 25, 2021): 3138–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544070211005574.

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The growing concern over environmental protection is prompting automobile manufacturers to develop products with better End-of-Life performance. Product remanufacturability is considered as an End-of-Life performance booster. Remanufacturability, that is, the easiness for remanufacturing of products depends on the technical, environmental, and economic feasibilities. The technical feasibility depends on the product design attributes that support remanufacturability. These design attributes are comprised of several sub-attributes. Moreover, the attributes are interrelated with each other. This paper develops a remanufacturability index for automobile systems based on the design attributes that affect the remanufacturability. A structural methodology of graph theory and matrix approach is applied for developing the remanufacturability index. The design attributes and their interrelations with due consideration of their structure is modelled through the graph theory. The remanufacturability directed graph (digraph) is defined; the nodes of this represent the remanufacturability enhancing design attributes, while the edges represent their degrees of interrelationships. The equivalent matrix of the digraph forms a remanufacturability function which leads to the evaluation of remanufacturability index. A higher value of the remanufacturability index indicates that the automobile system has high potential for being remanufactured. The methodology can be applied during the design stage of automobile systems to evaluate the remanufacturability that will enhance the End-of-Life performance. The observations would be helpful to automobile system designers in determining the extent to which the system can be remanufactured and in identifying the specific attributes that can be improved to enhance remanufacturability.

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Gupta, Param, Hemant Sharma, and Jatin Bhalla. "Automobile Thermoelectric Exhaust Generator." International Journal of Control and Automation 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2016): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijca.2016.9.10.13.

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Kulakov, Aleksandr, Eduard Muhametdinov, Eduard Tsybunov, and Ayrat Badriev. "Development of on-board Diagnostic Systems for Vehicles to Improve their Reliability." MATEC Web of Conferences 334 (2021): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133401037.

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The article is dedicated to various questions of control and diagnostics of automobile technical conditions by applying on-board diagnostic system. The structure of automated diagnostic system was analyzed. Various types of sensors, signals and required types of their transfigurations were enlisted . The relationship between the structural and diagnostic parameters of the car is given, where all systems and car units are divided into groups. The first group consists of systems, units and machine parts that provide traffic safety, the second group contains the remaining functional systems. A structural and investigation scheme for diagnosing automobile’s brake gear with an air pressure brake system was developed.

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27

Gao, Yuan, and Jiaxing Zhu. "Characteristics, Impacts and Trends of Urban Transportation." Encyclopedia 2, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 1168–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2020078.

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Economic growth, urban development and the prosperity of the automobile industry have driven a huge shift in global urban transportation from walking to public transportation and then to automobiles. Private mobility has become an important part of residents’ daily trips. Cities, especially automobile-dependent cities, face a variety of negative impacts such as increased commuting distances, higher congestion costs, traffic accidents, traffic pollution including climate change, etc. Therefore, how to balance the relationship between people’s growing demand for private motorization with the development of urbanization, modernization and motorization and the huge economic, social and environmental costs brought about by them, so as to realize the sustainable development of cities and transportation, is the main problem facing cities around the world. The entry focuses on trends in the sustainable development of urban transportation such as restrictions in private car ownership and use, electrification of urban transportation, intelligent transportation systems (including shared mobility, customized buses and Mobility as a Service/MaaS) and transit-oriented development (TOD). China, as the largest global automobile producer and consumer, represents and leads the growth and evolution of other emerging countries.

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Song, Gui Qiu. "The Research of Dynamic Optimization Method on Automobile Shock Absorption Twist Bar Spring Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.415.

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This paper presents recent developments in the study of optimization methods for industrial product design, and provides a method of dynamic optimization design to calculate the optimal loading property of automobile twist bar spring system. This is a different approach to traditional systems that is based on dynamic and random load, applying the basic theory and methods of dynamic design, according to the multi-goal characteristic of automobile twist bar spring. This paper presents a thorough analysis dynamic quadratic fuzzy optimal method of double-goal and the method to determine paper optimal gene. This method is used to automobile twist bar spring design, the result shows that the ability of spring loading is improved; the weight of structure is reduced. The new approach makes the vibration absorbing system more reliable and comfortable. The results presented in this paper are not only applicable to automobile twist bar spring systems but all systems that possess dynamic, random and fuzzy characteristics. This work finds applications in automobile components design and dynamic character analysis.

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Saunders, James E., William H. Slattery, and William M. Luxford. "Automobile Airbag Impulse Noise: Otologic Symptoms in Six Patients." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 118, no. 2 (February 1998): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(98)80021-1.

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Automobile airbag safety systems have successfully reduced the number of occupant injuries from motor vehicle accidents. Unfortunately, airbags are also associated with some inherent risk, including a high-amplitude, short-duration noise from airbag deployment. A review of the available research in the automobile industry indicates that the peak amplitude of this noise may exceed 170 dB sound pressure level. Despite the increasingly wide application of airbags in automobiles, there have been no previous reports of airbag-related otologic injuries. We have encountered six patients with otologic symptoms that appear to be related to airbag impulse noise. Five of these patients have documented hearing loss, one patient reported persistent tinnitus, and two patients have significant dysequilibrium. Although permanent hearing loss from airbag noise appears to be rare, temporary threshold shifts are probably much more common. It is important, therefore, that the clinician be aware of the noise associated with airbag inflation and the possibility of acoustic trauma from these safety devices.

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Bazhenov, YU V., and V. P. Kalenov. "Diagnosis of electronic engine control systems for LADA automobile." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 12, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66808.

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The article is devoted to the development of a system for ensuring the efficiency of ECM through the introduction of diagnostics of its technical condition into the technological processes of servicing and repairing vehicles. In order to create such a system, we performed studies on the operational reliability of the structural elements of the ECU, the effect of their failures on the engine operating parameters, and the substantiation of diagnostic parameters evaluating the technical condition of the system. The object of the research is the electronic control system M86, installed on domestic LADA VESTA automobiles (VAZ-21179 engine). According to the results of the research, the average operating time of the structural elements of the ECM to failure and the reasons for their occurrence were established. Authors imitated the failure of each ECM elements by turning it off and using the appropriate equipment to measure selected parameters of engine operation. The most significant influence on the operation of the engine is caused by failure of fuel pump, ECU and crankshaft position sensor. The failure of this elements causes the complete loss of engine performance as fuel supply to the cylinders stops. In case of failure of other elements of ECM the engine performance is maintained, but its operating capabilities significantly decrease. To ensure the required level of reliability of the ECM, it is necessary at regular intervals to maintain the vehicles to diagnose the technical condition of its elements at automobile service enterprises. In this paper, it is recommended to split the ECM into three subsystems, each of which is evaluated by one complex diagnostic parameter reflecting the technical condition of the structural elements included there. The deviation of the parameters beyond the tolerance limits caused by the occurrence of faults serves as the basis for deciding whether to conduct the necessary technical actions. Diagnostics of the ECM subsystems is carried out in accordance with the developed algorithms that establish a rational sequence of control, adjustment and other operations to identify and eliminate damages arising in the process of operation. As an example, the article presents an algorithm for diagnosing the fuel supply subsystem and reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases. The developments proposed in the article were tested and introduced into the technological processes of maintenance and automobile repairs of the LADA dealership center in the city of Vladimir.

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Urrea, Claudio, Felipe Garrido, and John Kern. "Design and Implementation of Intelligent Agent Training Systems for Virtual Vehicles." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020492.

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This paper presents the results of the design, simulation, and implementation of a virtual vehicle. Such a process employs the Unity videogame platform and its Machine Learning-Agents library. The virtual vehicle is implemented in Unity considering mechanisms that represent accurately the dynamics of a real automobile, such as motor torque curve, suspension system, differential, and anti-roll bar, among others. Intelligent agents are designed and implemented to drive the virtual automobile, and they are trained using imitation or reinforcement. In the former method, learning by imitation, a human expert interacts with an intelligent agent through a control interface that simulates a real vehicle; in this way, the human expert receives motion signals and has stereoscopic vision, among other capabilities. In learning by reinforcement, a reward function that stimulates the intelligent agent to exert a soft control over the virtual automobile is designed. In the training stage, the intelligent agents are introduced into a scenario that simulates a four-lane highway. In the test stage, instead, they are located in unknown roads created based on random spline curves. Finally, graphs of the telemetric variables are presented, which are obtained from the automobile dynamics when the vehicle is controlled by the intelligent agents and their human counterpart, both in the training and the test track.

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Lampón, Jesús F., Vincent Frigant, and Pablo Cabanelas. "Determinants in the adoption of new automobile modular platforms." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 30, no. 4 (June 3, 2019): 707–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-07-2018-0214.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the key factors behind the adoption of new automobile modular platforms from the perspectives of product design, manufacturing network and production systems.Design/methodology/approachAn in-depth and qualitative cross-case analysis of European manufacturing networks was performed based on the modular platforms of seven automobile manufacturers.FindingsThe adoption of modular platforms has changed automobile product architecture helping automobile manufacturers to improve their manufacturing network outputs. The results show that operational flexibility and scope and scale economies at manufacturing network level depend on the platform design – degree of modularity – and the manufacturer’s product and manufacturing network conditions. This new product architecture allows for the new production systems to be efficient in terms of flexibility and versatility without overinvestment.Originality/valueThe main contribution to the research literature is the combination of traditional product architecture with the manufacturing network approach to analyse the influence of product design on production systems, especially regarding the adoption of new automobile modular platforms.

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Pallares-Barbera, Montserrat. "Changing Production Systems: The Automobile Industry in Spain." Economic Geography 74, no. 4 (October 1998): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/144329.

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Kobayashi, Kiyoshi, Se-il Mun, and Hirokazu Tatano. "Economic Evaluation of Information Systems for Automobile Navigation." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 506 (1995): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1995.77.

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Tryfos, Peter. "The Equity of Classification Systems in Automobile Insurance." Journal of Risk and Insurance 54, no. 3 (September 1987): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/253368.

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Pallares-Barbera, Montserrat. "Changing Production Systems: The Automobile Industry in Spain." Economic Geography 74, no. 4 (December 31, 2008): 344–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.1998.tb00020.x.

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Burakov, M. V., and A. S. Konovalov. "Fuzzy Control for Anti-Lock Automobile Brake Systems." Informatsionno-upravliaiushchie sistemy (Information and Control Systems) 2, no. 81 (April 2016): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15217/issn1684-8853.2016.2.35.

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Xian, Hong Wei, Nor Azwadi Che Sidik, and G. Najafi. "Recent state of nanofluid in automobile cooling systems." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 135, no. 2 (June 19, 2018): 981–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7477-3.

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Tondato, C., and D. Hull. "Microcellular Urethane Technology Applied to Automobile Suspension Systems." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 19, no. 1 (January 1987): 32–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009524438701900104.

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Ok, Chang-Hun, Duk-Su Kim, Jung-Su Gong, and Yoon-Ho Seo. "Study on Integrated Storage Systems for Automobile Production." Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2012): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.9709/jkss.2012.21.2.091.

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Ерхова, O. Erkhova, Зайнеев, I. Zayneev, Басыров, and R. Basyrov. "RESEARCH OF INTELLECTUAL SYSTEMS IN THE AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 2, no. 2 (December 17, 2015): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19474.

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The article describes the main provisions to ensure the safety of vehicles by applying modern management systems, including innovative models of unmanned vehicle. Efficiency of functioning of a transport and road complex of the country is considered. Ways of improvement of quality are given in providing safe and effective transport services, satisfying requirements of the population.

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Toyama, Shigeki, and Yasuo Murakuki. "Dynamic Autonomous Car Mobile Analysis Simulating Mechanical Systems Analysis – First Dynamic Characteristics of Running Mouse –." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 10, no. 6 (December 20, 1998): 488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1998.p0488.

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This paper dynamically simulates a small running 2DW2C automobile (mouse) and simulates path tracking control. Our purpose was to optimize mouse design using simulation results. We added tire force and DC motor force to A1 Motion, a simulator for analyzing mechanical systems developed in our laboratory, and improved the simulator simulating a running automobile. Experiments with a small 2DW2C automobile compared experimental and simulation results involving dynamic characteristics of an actual mouse. We got correct simulation results using this model and simulator. We studied its running performance, affected by its wheelbase and caster length, and evaluated path tracking control using closoidal curves.

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Tian, Hao Bin, Xiao Hang Liu, and Zhong Tu Yu. "Study on the Ball Joint Sealing of Aluminium Control Arms." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 758–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.758.

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The control arms, as an important part of automobile chassises, are using Aluminum alloy in more and more cases instead of steel. The ball joint sealing of control arms is a key process to chassises assembly and the sealing quality directly determine the lifespan of steering systems of automobiles. In this paper, based on the aluminum control arms, revolving-reveting processes for ball joint sealing of control arms are studied through finite element methods and experiments, and the effects of housing shape on the quality of ball joint sealing are also studied. The results show that the sealing quality for ball joint is related to the housing shape, and a better sealing quality can be achieved when the housing has a sloped edge, and verified by the experiments, which will provide elementary technical support to the ball joint sealing of automobile control arms. Keywords: Ball joint sealing; Revolving-reveting technology; Aluminium control arm.

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Ramakrishnan, R., Somashekhar S. Hiremath, and M. Singaperumal. "Modeling, Simulation and Design Optimization of a Series Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.727.

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Crude oil resources in the world continue to diminish; automobile, agricultural machinery and construction machinery manufacturing companies are placing more emphasis on energy efficient series hydraulic hybrid systems which can replace their conventional transmission systems. Series hydraulic hybrid system is a mechatronics system with two source of power (that includes prime mover and hydro-pneumatic accumulator) which drives the vehicle. Even though, it has been proven as an energy efficient system, sizing of the components or sub-system for automobiles has got a major influence on energy efficiency of vehicle. In this paper, a power bond graph approach is used to model the dynamics of series hydraulic hybrid system and simulation results elucidate various modes of operations. It also shows the dynamic response of hydro-pneumatic accumulator, prime-mover and system output speed. Further, design optimization of system is carried out to optimize the physical /process parameters for the maximum system's output energy that, leads to increase in energy efficiency and environmental friendly vehicle.

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Lepeshkin, A. V., N. K. Katanaev, and S. S. Dragunov. "Vehicle Longitudinal Motion Simulation by Analytical Automatic Machines." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 2, no. 1 (January 10, 2008): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-69566.

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In work examines an aspect of the human-machine system "Automobile-Environment-Driver" model construction, associated with a description of the vehicle longitudinal motion control systems of, allowing to reproduce controlled automobile motion under normalized conditions with various functionals of qualities.

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Kustra, Victor. "Connected Vehicle Technology: An All Too Convenient Solution to Roadway Problems in the United States." Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/tlp.2015.180.

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Automobile accidents and roadway infrastructure problems are increasing in the United States. Specifically, 5.7 million automobile accidents were reported in 2013. The number of automobile accidents caused by lane drifting has increased over the past fifteen years, given the increased number of drivers on the road. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) have developed a cumulative solution to these problems. Connected Vehicle technology is part of the USDOT’s “Intelligent Transportation Systems” (ITS) initiative. The ITS initiative targets automobile crash avoidance and better traffic flow through the use of automated technologies.[1] Id. at v.

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Stiller, Christoph, Wolfram Burgard, Barbara Deml, Lutz Eckstein, and Frank Flemisch. "Kooperativ interagierende Automobile." at - Automatisierungstechnik 66, no. 2 (February 23, 2018): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2017-0129.

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ZusammenfassungDie Verknüpfung von Automatisierung mit Vernetzung von Fahrzeugen weist in langfristiger Betrachtung eine kaum überschätzbare ökonomische, ökologische und gesellschaftliche Relevanz auf. In der langfristigen Vision wird die vernetzte Automatisierung unseren Straßenverkehr grundlegend verändern. Kooperatives Verhalten zwischen Verkehrsteilnehmern wird dadurch automatisiert erfolgen und somit das Regelverhalten bilden. Außerdem eröffnet technische Kooperation im Vergleich zur heutigen manuellen Kooperation zwischen Verkehrsteilnehmern qualitativ verbesserte und neuartige funktionale Möglichkeiten aufgrund der erzielbaren Latenzzeit, Genauigkeit, Eindeutigkeit und Verlässlichkeit automatischen Verhaltens. Entsprechend aufeinander abgestimmte Trajektorien weisen eine höhere erreichbare Dichte, Geschwindigkeit und Sicherheit auf. Bei langfristig zu erwartendem hohem Durchdringungsgrad des Straßenverkehrs mit vernetzten automatischen Verkehrsteilnehmern sind sichere und hocheffiziente Verkehrsflüsse denkbar, die biologischen Schwarmbewegungen nahe kommen. Dieser Überblicksbeitrag beschreibt den Stand der Forschung in den wesentlichen Forschungsfeldern und das von der DFG eingerichtete SchwerpunktprogrammKooperativ interagierende Automobile.

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Tai, Wan-Ping. "The Political Economy of the Automobile Industry in ASEAN: A Cross-Country Comparison." JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 4, no. 1 (August 9, 2016): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jas.v4i1.1536.

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The automobile industry plays a leading role in a country’s industrialization. Various countries have used different methods to identify a model of industrial development. For developing countries, establishing the automobile industry is crucial for promoting industrialization. After Southeast Asian countries achieved independent, their automobile industries underwent establishment and development stages. The domestic and overseas competiveness of the automobile industries in ASEAN have received global attention.How can the industrial development of Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines, which are ASEAN countries, be understood? Researchers have proposed various views regarding the industrial development of these four ASEAN countries. We researched the political economy of these countries to understand the development of their automobile industries. Thailand’s automobile industry was successfully developed because of the government’s crucial role in implementing a coordinated market economy and national system of innovation. In Indonesia, government–business relations hampered the government’s efforts to meet society and market needs, thereby limiting the country’s industrialization. Malaysia must learn how to coordinate its industries with a market economy through liberalization and coordination. The Philippines has positioned its automobile industry on manufacturing automotive parts because of the country’s limited industrialization.Theoretically, following the 1997 Asian financial crisis, these ASEAN countries have adopted market economy-oriented policies; however, because of the historical context of political economy, the development of their automobile industries has varied. Under the context of globalization, the economic systems of various countries have exhibited low convergence. In this study, we show that embedded liberalism is the preferred interpretation in ASEAN automobile industry development. In other words, researchers should look beyond convergence theory and consider the political economy characteristics of various countries. Accordingly, further comparative research must be conducted to clarify the differences in the economic systems and policies in ASEAN studies.

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Chung, Sheng-Luen, and Chung-Lun Li. "Modeling of temperature and humidity ratio in an automobile passenger compartment for automobile air conditioning systems." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 34, no. 4 (June 2011): 559–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2011.553031.

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Kim, Seong-Kyu. "Automotive Vulnerability Analysis for Deep Learning Blockchain Consensus Algorithm." Electronics 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010119.

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In this study, future cars are attempting self-driving around the world. However, hacking, such as ECUs in automobiles, creates problems that are directly connected to human life. Therefore, this study wrote a paper that detects anomalies in such cars by field. As a related study, the study investigated the vulnerabilities of the automobile security committee and automobile security standards and investigated the detection of abnormalities in the hacking of geo-train cars using artificial intelligence’s LSTM and blockchain consensus algorithm. In addition, in automobile security, an algorithm was studied to predict normal and abnormal values using LSTM-based anomaly detection techniques on the premise that automobile communication networks are largely divided into internal and external networks. In the methodology, LSTM’s pure propagation malicious code detection technique was used, and it worked with an artificial intelligence consensus algorithm to increase security. In addition, Unity ML conducted an experiment by constructing a virtual environment using the Beta version. The LSTM blockchain consensus node network was composed of 50,000 processes to compare performance. For the first time, 100 Grouped Tx, 500 Channels were tested for performance. For the first time, the malicious code detection rate of the existing system was verified. Accelerator, Multichannel, Sharding, Raiden, Plasma, and Trubit values were verified, and values of approximately 15,000 to 50,000 were obtained. In this paper, we studied to become a paper of great significance on hacking that threatens human life with the development of self-driving cars in the future.

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