Relevant bibliographies by topics / Automobile industry and trade

Academic literature on the topic 'Automobile industry and trade'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Automobile industry and trade":

1

Choi, Doo-Won, and Neung-Ho Han. "A Study on the Change of Trade Competitiveness in the Automobile Industry after Japan’s Export Regulation." Korea International Trade Research Institute 18, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.18.3.202206.267.

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Purpose This study analyzed how Japan’s export regulations affected the imports and exports of the automobile industry, and examined whether there was a change in the trade competitiveness of the automobile industry. Design/Methodology/Approach In order to examine the degree of improvement in the automobile industry’s imports, exports, and trade competitiveness with Japan in Korea, the world and Japanese import and export statistical data of the automobile industry were aggregated for five periods. In addition, the change trend in the dependence on imports and exports of automobiles and parts to Japan was examined. In addition, the change in competitiveness of the Korean automobile and parts industry to Japan was examined using the trade specialization index. Findings As a result of the analysis, it was found that the trade deficit of automobiles and parts with Japan in 2021 fell compared to 2017 and 2019. In the case of import and export dependence, there was little change in export dependence, but it was confirmed that there was a significant decrease in import dependence. Korea’s dependence on exports of automobiles and parts to Japan has decreased slightly, but its dependence on imports has decreased by 10 times, which can be interpreted as Japan receiving more trade losses in the automobile industry due to the Korea-Japan trade dispute. Research Implications In the passenger car sector, it can be evaluated that there has been a result of the boycott of Japanese products, and efforts to strengthen the competitiveness of domestic cars and diversify import lines should continue to continue this in the future. In addition, in order to continue this performance in automobile parts, efforts should be made to improve product competitiveness and import dependence in more diverse item groups in the parts.
2

Nagy, Judit, and Zsófia Jámbor. "Competitiveness in global trade: The case of the automobile industry." Ekonomski anali 63, no. 218 (2018): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1818061n.

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Numerous studies handle analyses of revealed comparative advantages of global trade (especially in agriculture sector) using Balassa index, but the selected automobile industry represents new potentials to study. This study focuses on the competitiveness of automobile industry, which is a key sector due to its high value-added activities, a competitive market, with increasing technology requirements and high employment characteristics. The aim of our paper is to analyse the revealed comparative advantages of global automobile trade as well as the duration and stability of Balassa indices by applying Markov transition probability matrices and Kaplan-Meier survival function. The source of data is global automobile exports at HS6 level for 1997-2016. The paper has reached numerous conclusions. First, by analysing characteristics of global automobile trade, it turned out that China, USA, Japan and Germany were the biggest producers of cars, however the top exporters were Germany, Japan and Canada in the period analysed, together giving 40% of all products exported - the top10 countries, however, gave 71% of concentration. Second, our analysis has made it clear that the most traded/exported automobile product is vehicle with only sparkling ignition internal combustion (1500-300cm3) (870323) globally, giving more than 40% of all vehicle exports between 1997 and 2016. Third, the calculation of Balassa indices showed that Spain and Japan had highest comparative advantages in all periods analysed among the most important automobile exporters in the world.
3

Damoense, Maylene, and André C. Jordaan. "Intra-industry trade: a methodology to test the automobile industry in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 10, no. 1 (February 21, 2013): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v10i1.542.

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This paper provides a study of the theory and empirical evidence of intra-industry trade (IIT) and relates it specifically to South Africa’s automobile industry. The automobile industry in South Africa is a key sector within the national economy and has experienced increased trade and foreign investment in recent years, and thus represents an important case study of IIT. In view of this, the paper proposes a methodology that may be used in future to assess the pattern and determinants of IIT between South Africa and its main trading partners in the automobile industry.
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Goldberg, Penny Koujianou. "Trade policies in the U.S. automobile industry." Japan and the World Economy 6, no. 2 (June 1994): 175–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-1425(94)00013-1.

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Qi, Hui Feng, and Dong Chen. "Planning Control of Automobile Trade Logistics Park: The Case of Auto Parts Logistics Center in TAIAN." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.519.

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Automobile Trade Logistics Park is one of the most important industrial zones for specific automobile trade and distribution in auto industry cities. The development control of physical spatial planning has a profound effect on the construction and operation of Automobile Trade Logistics Park. Three factors, including advantages of transportation, geographic features and industrial cluster, influencing the location of Logistics Park are discussed. The scales of automobile trade spaces built recent years in China are compared. Analyzing dual function of commerce and distribution, facilities in Automobile Trade Logistics Park are summarized. According to the arrangement of land use and spatial structure, development intensity of different space types for auto trade is proposed. The final section of this article examines the experience in Regulatory Plan of Auto Parts Logistics Center in TAIAN Hi-tech Industry Development Zone.
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Liu, Yuying, Jiali Wu, and Danni Wang. "Research on International Mutual Recognition of Carbon Certification System of Automobile Products." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 3, no. 1 (December 7, 2022): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.3.1.364.

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With the global attention to climate change gradually heating up, to carbon peak carbon neutralization as the theme of the new international trade system is gradually taking shape, will also have a broad and far-reaching impact on our foreign trade pattern. The automobile industry is the key to transportation in our country carbon industry, in response to climate change under the situation of double carbon targets, for car carbon product certification international mutual recognition research is not only beneficial to China's auto industry to establish a comprehensive carbon accounting system but can also help our country automobile industry breakthrough carbon tariff barriers to trade actively, Promote Chinese automobile manufacturing industry to complete green and low-carbon transformation.
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Cao, Daqian, Yu Song, and Haiyang Wang. "Analysis of Automotive Parallel Import in China in 2021." Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fhss.v2i5.713.

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Since 2020, the global pandemic of COVID-19 shows far-reaching influences on the world economy and the automobile market and international trade. China's parallel imported car market has seen a further decline in 2021 due to multiple factors, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the implementation of the new national emission policy and so on. With the clearance of the first batch of China 6 parallel imported automobiles in May 2021, parallel imported automobile market development ushered in a new stage. Enterprises and relevant government departments should analyze industry changes and jointly promote the sustainable development of parallel imported automobiles in China.
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Ha, Young-Kyou, and Su-Han Woo. "Transportation Infrastructure or Economic Power? Development of the Automobile Industry in the United States." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 31, 2022): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031649.

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The motive for the Korean automobile industry’s US investment is the easing of trade regulations and managing a stable supply chain by establishing local production. The Korean automobile industry has undergone major changes due to strong trade regulations since the beginning of the Trump administration and the COVID-19 pandemic. This has affected parts production, procurement, and automobile manufacturing and shaken the foundation of the automobile industry supply chain. The purpose of this study is to provide implications for additional investment decisions by analyzing the impact of the US industry and economy on the success of the automobile industry if Korean automobile companies advance into the US. This study conducted panel analysis by collecting 10 years of data to investigate the impact of economic, industrial, and infrastructure factors in each state on the success of the automobile industry. This study reflected the characteristics and investment motivation of the automobile industry. The study findings revealed that an export-oriented industrial area is suitable for strategic investment rather than a region where the economy is simply large or where all industries are developed. In addition, when making investment decisions, it is important to prioritize the internal capabilities of the company rather than external factors.
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LEE, SANG MIN. "A Comparative Study of the Automobile Industry in Japan and Korea." Asian Survey 51, no. 5 (September 2011): 876–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2011.51.5.876.

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This study utilized sociological perspectives to explain the relationships between institutional arrangements (government’s role, social dimensions of indigenous business organizations, and consumption culture) and non-tariff trade barriers embedded in Japan and Korea. A comparative study of institutional arrangements and the automobile industry reveals that there have been visible and invisible trade barriers in the Japanese and Korean automobile industries.
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Huang, Qian, and Kai Kang. "Rescuing the global automotive industry supply chain." Journal of Innovation and Development 1, no. 1 (January 8, 2023): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jid.v1i1.4468.

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China's economy has been deeply integrated into the global industrial supply chain, and the global industrial chain is highly dependent. The automobile industry is an important pillar industry of the national economy. It plays an important role in the development of the national economy and society because of its wide industrial chain, strong correlation, wide employment and large consumption. This paper studies the value chain of the global automobile industry. By analyzing the current situation of China's automobile industry, the degree of dependence on global foreign trade, and the position and advantages and disadvantages in the global value chain, it puts forward the development trend and direction of the future automobile industry chain, which has certain reference significance for the development of the automobile industry.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Automobile industry and trade":

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Yoshida, Phyllis Genther. "A history of Japan's government-business relationship the passenger car industry /." Ann Arbor : Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20825489.html.

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Sorensen, Daniel Schäfer Henry. "Automotive development process a real options analysis /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2006. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10231855.

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Wojcik, Charlotte A. (Charlote Anne). "Studies of the automobile industry and international trade." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10841.

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Eziquiel-Shriro, Jonathan. "Mobility in China : a conceptual take on a personal vehicle for China in 2010 that enhances maneuverability /." Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10962.

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Muth, Hendrik. "Mehrmarkenhandel in der Automobilbranche : eine Betrachtung aus Kundensicht /." Frankfurt am Main ; New York : Lang, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989360997/04.

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Yan, Mengmeng. "A comparative analysis of the U.S. and Chinese automotive financial service industry." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/r3/yanm/mengmengyan.pdf.

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Calton, Jerry Merle. "The political economy of international automotive competition : a comparative and longitudinal study of governmental policy, developmental change, and shifting competitive advantage in the European and Japanese automobile industries /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8725.

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Talay, Mehmet Berk. "Coevolutionary dynamics of market competition product innovation, change and marketplace survival /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Vázquez, Astorga Gabriel. "A hybrid approach to enhance an automotive manufacturing process using QFD & VSM techniques." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Vine, Daniel Jon. "Sourcing the decline in U.S. GDP volatility : evidence from the automobile industry /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3096415.

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Books on the topic "Automobile industry and trade":

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Yu, Hong. China's automobile industry: An update. Singapore: East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore, 2010.

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Laux, James Michael. The European automobile industry. New York: Twayne, 1992.

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Shah, S. G. Shaping the Indian automobile industry. Mumbai: Association of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, Research & Publications, 1996.

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S, May George, ed. The Automobile industry, 1920-1980. New York: Facts on File, 1989.

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Law, Christopher M. Restructuring the Global Automobile Industry. Milton: Taylor and Francis, 2017.

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Kollins, Michael J. Pioneers of the U.S. automobile industry. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 2002.

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Agarwalla, Santosh. Manpower review: Automobile industry sector. New Delhi: Institute of Applied Manpower Research, 1997.

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S, May George, ed. The Automobile industry, 1896-1920. New York: Facts on File, 1990.

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Peter, Wells. The new European automobile industry. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994.

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Rae, John Bell. The American automobile industry. Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Automobile industry and trade":

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Labit, Anne. "Group Working at Volkswagen: An Issue for Negotiation between Trade Unions and Management." In Teamwork in the Automobile Industry, 395–411. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14933-9_18.

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Clibborn, Stephen, Russell D. Lansbury, and Chris F. Wright. "Who Killed the Australian Automotive Industry: The Employers, Government or Trade Unions?" In New Frontiers of the Automobile Industry, 255–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18881-8_10.

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Fieger, Thiemo, and Gerd Witt. "Füge- und Montagerichtlinien als Teil generischer Konstruktionsrichtlinien im Automobilbau / Joining and assembly manual as part of generic design guidelines in the automobile industry." In Rapid.Tech – International Trade Show & Conference for Additive Manufacturing, edited by Wieland Kniffka, Michael Eichmann, and Gerd Witt, 403–12. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446450608.036.

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Mody, Ashoka, and David Wheeler. "The Automobile Industry." In Automation and World Competition, 128–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11312-5_4.

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Pandya, Jayshree. "Global Automobile Industry." In Topics in Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, 263–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1260-7_28.

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Khan, Shahrukh Rafi. "India's automobile industry." In Economic Successes in South Asia, 170–86. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003176411-15.

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Wong, Wilson Kia Onn. "The global automobile industry." In Automotive Global Value Chain, 13–29. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge advances in management and business studies ; 71: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315300993-2.

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Schneberger, G. L. "Adhesives in the Automobile Industry." In Handbook of Adhesives, 729–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0671-9_45.

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Razim, C., and C. Kaniut. "Ceramics in the Automobile Industry." In Designing with Structural Ceramics, 273–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3678-5_16.

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Guerzoni, Marco. "Variety in the Automobile Industry." In Product Variety in Automotive Industry, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01907-9_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Automobile industry and trade":

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Hirota, Keiko, and Kiyoyuki Minato. "Regional Trade and Emission Gas in Asian Automobile Industry." In 2001 Environmental Sustainability Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-3761.

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Song, Kisun, Kyung Hak Choo, Jung-Hyun Kim, and Dimitri N. Mavris. "Aerodynamic Automobile Shape Optimization by Incorporating Reverse Shape Design Method With CFD Analysis." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67175.

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In modern automotive industry market, there have been a lot of state-of-art methodologies to perform a conceptual design of a car; functional methods and 3D scanning technology are widely used. Naturally, the issues frequently boiled down to a trade-off decision making problem between quality and cost. Besides, to incorporate the design method with advanced optimization methodologies such as design-of-experiments (DOE), surrogate modeling, how efficiently a method can morph or recreate a vehicle’s shape is crucial. This paper accomplishes an aerodynamic design optimization of rear shape of a sedan by incorporating a reverse shape design method (RSDM) with the aforementioned methodologies based on CFD analysis for aerodynamic drag reduction. RSDM reversely recovers a 3D geometry of a car from several 2D schematics. The backbone boundary lines of 2D schematic are identified and regressed by appropriate interpolation function and a 3D shape is yielded by a series of simple arithmetic calculations without losing the detail geometric features. Besides, RSDM can parametrize every geometric entity to efficiently manipulate the shape for application to design optimization studies. As the baseline, an Audi A6 is modeled by RSDM and explored through CFD analysis for model validation. Choosing six design variables around the rear shape, 77 design points are created to build neural networks. Finally, a significant amount of CD reduction is obtained and corresponding configuration is validated via CFD.
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Stankova, Mariya, and Maksym Dimitrov. "CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR TOURISM DESTINATION COMPETITIVENESS IN THE FACE OF GLOBAL FUNCTIONAL TRANSFORMATION." In TOURISM AND CONNECTIVITY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/tc2020.165.

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Tourism is among the industries that record globally, the most rapid rate of development. Being a highly dynamic sector, modern tourism forms the third largest volume in international trade operations, after the oil and automobile industries. It is distinguished by its vulnerability to external economic, political and nature factors, but also by its great flexibility in relation to the ongoing transformation processes. In this dynamic and changing environment, the tourism industry and tourist destinations are exposed to the global competition pressure. Regarding to that, this paper explores the role of possible approaches to the destination management for improving the whole process of competitiveness increase, with accent on the cluster concept. The results show that in the frame of common approach in the management of tourist destination, when developing a model for approving its success and competitiveness, a modification on clusters' approach is purposeful to adapt.
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Yamagishi, Kiichiro, Yukio Yamada, Yoshihiro Echizenya, and Shoji Ishiwata. "Current Status of Ceramic Gas Turbine R&D in Japan." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-114.

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The Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) has started two nine-year national R&D projects for small-capacity ceramic gas turbines (CGTs) from 1988, following several preliminary investigations of the technical aspects and of the social impacts of CGTs. Planned 300kW industrial ceramic gas turbines are to be used for co-generation and mobile power generation. The goals are 42% and higher for the thermal efficiency at the turbine inlet temperature of 1350°C, and the emission from the exhaust gas should meet the regulatory values. Also ceramic components have the goals of 400MPa for the minimum flexure strength at 1500°C, and 15 MPam1/2 for the fracture toughness. New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) is the main contractor, and three groups of private industries are the subcontractors for 300kW industrial CGT project. Three national research institutes are involved in the projects to conduct supportive research of ceramic materials and engine components as well as to carry out assessment of the materials and engine systems developed by the private industries. The development of 100kW CGT for automotive use was also recommended in the above stated investigations and a two-year preliminary study started in 1988. The full-scale 100kW automotive CGT R&D project is scheduled to start in 1990 after the preliminary study. Japan Automobile Research Institute, Inc. (JARI) is the main contractor for 100kW automotive CGT project with the cooperation of three automobile companies.
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Itoh, Takane, and Hidetomo Kimura. "Status of the Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine Development Program." In ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-002.

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The seven-year program, designated “Research and Development of Automotive CGT” commenced in June 1990 with the object of demonstrating the potential advantages of ceramic gas turbine engines for automotive use. This program has been being conducted by the Petroleum Energy Center (PEC) with the support of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry. The engine demonstration project in this program is being handled by a team from the Japan Automobile Research Institute, Inc., (JARi). This paper describes the activities of the first year of the seven-year program, and includes the project goals and objectives, the program schedule, and the first-stage design of an experimental automotive ceramic gas turbine (CGT) engine and its components. The basic engine is a 100kW, single-shaft gas turbine engine having a turbine inlet temperature of 1350°C and a rotor speed of 110,000 rpm. The primary engine components including the turbine hot flow path components have been designed using monolithic ceramics and are scheduled to be produced during the second year of the program.
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Ishida, Sachiko, and Hakimi Azuri. "Experimental Study on Folding Patterns and Deployability of Inflatable Structures." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98107.

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Abstract In this study, the authors experimentally investigate the relationship between folding patterns and performances of inflatable structures; compactness and deployability. Inflatable structures are widely applied in various engineering fields such as airbags in automobile industry, inflatable building in architectural field, and inflatable satellite antenna and landing equipment to Mars in space engineering field. However, these two requirements can be a tradeoff, as a compact product is hard to deploy in general. As a possible solution, circular spiral patterns are adopted in this study, because 1) they can be simultaneously deployed along spiral fold lines that is an advantage on deployability, and 2) the removal of the core of the circular sheet can make the sheet folded more compactly that is an advantage on compactness. Inflation models with different design parameters are created and tested. As experimental results, the inflation time (i. e. deployablity) and the initial width (i. e. compactness) can be optimized simultaneously in terms of four design parameters, but a trade-off relationship is observed in terms of the rest parameter; the folding angle formed by the V-shaped fold lines.
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Forster, Franz X., Alexander E. Deravanessian, Matthew J. Nazarian, Mariano Rubio, and Kevin R. Anderson. "CFD Analysis of Refrigeration Cycle Ejector." In ASME 2021 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2021-62237.

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Abstract The use of ejector cycles for increased performance and efficiency is becoming more prevalent in industry. The goal of this study is to evaluate an ejector using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to evaluate flow patterns, perform trade studies varying the type of refrigerant, and determine the entrainment ratio for each working fluid, over a range of boundary condition pressures, set at points along the ejector’s flow path. The 2012 Toyota Prius V is one of the first automobiles using an ejector cycle in their internal cabin refrigeration system. The DENSO Corporation ejector hardware was used as the basis for the creation of geometry for the CFD mode of the ejector. Three working fluids were simulated, R-134a, R-245fa, and R-1235yf. The primary findings of this study were as follows. The CFD study here indicates that R-245fa performs the best out of the three working fluids, when examining their entrainment ratios (ratio of secondary to primary flow rates in the ejector). For all three working fluids, the entrainment ratio was seen to peak performance at an ejector inlet pressure of 1.75 × 105 Pa. The ejector mixing chamber pressure and ejector outlet pressure boundary conditions also witnessed a rise in entrainment ratios, during an increase of their respective pressure values.
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Roessler, David M., and Nasin Uddin. "Lasers in the automobile industry." In Photonics West '96, edited by Jan J. Dubowski, Jyotirmoy Mazumder, Leonard R. Migliore, Chandrasekhar Roychoudhuri, and Ronald D. Schaeffer. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.237727.

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Coitinho, Marcos, and Mardel B. de Conti. "Prioritization of projects in an automobile industry." In 2006 SAE Brasil Congress and Exhibit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-2569.

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Kroskinsque, Paulo R., and Valter L. Medeiros. "Electronic Simulation Applied in the Automobile Industry." In SAE Brasil. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/931645.

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Reports on the topic "Automobile industry and trade":

1

Berry, Steven, Vittorio Grilli, and F. Lopez-de-Silanes. The Automobile Industry and The Mexico-Us Free Trade Agreement. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4152.

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Russo, Margherita, Fabrizio Alboni, Jorge Carreto Sanginés, Manlio De Domenico, Giuseppe Mangioni, Simone Righi, and Annamaria Simonazzi. The Changing Shape of the World Automobile Industry: A Multilayer Network Analysis of International Trade in Components and Parts. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp173.

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In 2018, after 25 years of the North America Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the United States requested new rules which, among other requirements, increased the regional con-tent in the production of automotive components and parts traded between the three part-ner countries, United States, Canada and Mexico. Signed by all three countries, the new trade agreement, USMCA, is to go into force in 2022. Nonetheless, after the 2020 Presi-dential election, the new treaty's future is under discussion, and its impact on the automo-tive industry is not entirely defined. Another significant shift in this industry – the acceler-ated rise of electric vehicles – also occurred in 2020: while the COVID-19 pandemic largely halted most plants in the automotive value chain all over the world, at the reopen-ing, the tide is now running against internal combustion engine vehicles, at least in the an-nouncements and in some large investments planned in Europe, Asia and the US. The definition of the pre-pandemic situation is a very helpful starting point for the analysis of the possible repercussions of the technological and geo-political transition, which has been accelerated by the epidemic, on geographical clusters and sectorial special-isations of the main regions and countries. This paper analyses the trade networks emerg-ing in the past 25 years in a new analytical framework. In the economic literature on inter-national trade, the study of the automotive global value chains has been addressed by us-ing network analysis, focusing on the centrality of geographical regions and countries while largely overlooking the contribution of countries' bilateral trading in components and parts as structuring forces of the subnetwork of countries and their specific position in the overall trade network. The paper focuses on such subnetworks as meso-level structures emerging in trade network over the last 25 years. Using the Infomap multilayer clustering algorithm, we are able to identify clusters of countries and their specific trades in the automotive internation-al trade network and to highlight the relative importance of each cluster, the interconnec-tions between them, and the contribution of countries and of components and parts in the clusters. We draw the data from the UN Comtrade database of directed export and import flows of 30 automotive components and parts among 42 countries (accounting for 98% of world trade flows of those items). The paper highlights the changes that occurred over 25 years in the geography of the trade relations, with particular with regard to denser and more hierarchical network gener-ated by Germany’s trade relations within EU countries and by the US preferential trade agreements with Canada and Mexico, and the upsurge of China. With a similar overall va-riety of traded components and parts within the main clusters (dominated respectively by Germany, US and Japan-China), the Infomap multilayer analysis singles out which com-ponents and parts determined the relative positions of countries in the various clusters and the changes over time in the relative positions of countries and their specialisations in mul-tilateral trades. Connections between clusters increase over time, while the relative im-portance of the main clusters and of some individual countries change significantly. The focus on US and Mexico and on Germany and Central Eastern European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia) will drive the comparative analysis.
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Krishna, Kala, Kathleen Hogan, and Phillip Swagel. The Non-Optimality of Optimal Trade Policy: The U.S. Automobile Indust ry Revisited, 1979-1985. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3118.

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Gillingham, Kenneth, Fedor Iskhakov, Anders Munk-Nielsen, John Rust, and Bertel Schjerning. Equilibrium Trade in Automobile Markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25840.

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Ramey, Valerie, and Daniel Vine. Declining Volatility in the U.S. Automobile Industry. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11596.

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Chen, Chia-Wen, Wei-Min Hu, and Christopher Knittel. Subsidizing Fuel Efficient Cars: Evidence from China's Automobile Industry. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23045.

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Levinsohn, James. CARWARS: Trying to Make Sense of U.S.-Japan Trade Frictions in the Automobile and Automobile Parts Markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5349.

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Raff, Daniel M. G., and Manuel Trajtenberg. Quality-Adjusted Prices for the American Automobile Industry: 1906-1940. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5035.

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Feenstra, Robert, Joseph Gagnon, and Michael Knetter. Market Share and Exchange Rate Pass-Through in World Automobile Trade. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4399.

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Novak, Sharon, and Scott Stern. How Does Outsourcing Affect Performance Dynamics? Evidence from the Automobile Industry. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13235.

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