Journal articles: 'Automobile accident'

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Liu, Lining, Xiaofei Ye, Tao Wang, Xingchen Yan, Jun Chen, and Bin Ran. "Key Factors Analysis of Severity of Automobile to Two-Wheeler Traffic Accidents Based on Bayesian Network." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 15, 2022): 6013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106013.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the complex coupling relationships among accident factors contributing to the automobile and two-wheeler traffic accidents by establishing the Bayesian network (BN) model of the severity of traffic accidents, so as to minimize the negative impact of automobile to two-wheeler traffic accidents. According to the attribution of primary responsibility, traffic accidents were divided to two categories: the automobile and two-wheeler traffic as the primary responsible party. Two BN accident severity analysis models for different primary responsible parties were proposed by innovatively combining the Kendall correlation analysis method with the BN model. A database of 1560 accidents involving an automobile and two-wheeler in Guilin, Guangxi province, were applied to calibrate the model parameters and validate the effectiveness of the models. The result shows that the BN models could reflect the real relationships among the influential factors of the two types of traffic accidents. For traffic accidents of automobiles and two-wheelers as the primary responsible party, respectively, the biggest influential factors leading to fatality were weather and visibility, and the corresponding fluctuations in the probability of occurrence were 32.20% and 27.23%, respectively. Moreover, based on multi-factor cross-over analysis, the most influential factors leading to fatality were: {Off-Peak Period → Driver of Two-Wheeler: The elderly → Driving Behavior of Two-Wheeler: Parking} and {Drunk Driving Two-Wheeler → Having a License of Automobiles → Visibility: 50 m~100 m}, respectively. The results provide a theoretical basis for reducing the severity of automobile to two-wheeler traffic accidents.

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Sivalingam, Kesavakumar, Siva Priya Thiagarajah, and Azwan Mahmud. "Life Case: Inelastic Collision based Automobile Crash Detection and Alert System via 3G Network." Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Physics 2, no. 1 (June 17, 2020): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33093/jetap.2020.2.1.2.

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Accident detection and alert systems that can pinpoint the whereabouts of an accident are crucial to ensure the concerned authorities are informed instantaneously about the occurrence of an accident, in order for the deployment of emergency response to save lives in the least amount of time. A 3G incorporated accident detection system, known as Life Case is designed to discover the accidents between automobiles and, send the timestamp, and the actual position of an accident, to a developed android application built using Android Studio, via a cloud database. The alert message is presented using Google Maps which helps user to save plenty of time through easy navigation feature towards the accident location. Life Case measures the acceleration of an automobile during a collision using the Theory of Inelastic Collision.

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Cao, Yi, and Zhong Yi Zuo. "Research on Mechanical Automation with Vehicle’s Reconstruction Analysis Model of Offset Collision Accidents." Advanced Materials Research 738 (August 2013): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.738.203.

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In order to provide a theory algorithm and a mechanical automation process for simulation and reconstruction analysis of offset collision accidents, the application limitation of traditional one-dimensional collision dynamics model was summarized, on the basis of analysis. Using the principles of classical mechanics and mechanical automation, the collision dynamics model and movement trajectory model of automobile offset collision were constructed. Using the model above and PC-Crash mechanical automation software, a real accident case was analyzed. The comparative study between the reconstruction analysis results and the vehicle’s traces remained in the accident scene was conducted. The comparative analysis showed that, the turning trajectories of automobiles were consistent with the trajectories remained in the accident scene. The model is suitable for small eccentric offset collision accidents.

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Pradeep. R, Mr Nale. "Automated Pneumatic Braking and Bumper System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 3305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37111.

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Automobiles have been used to move human beings or things and the automobile technology has been developed within the last few years. The traffic accidents are increasing as automobile production has been increasing. The number of casualties during the vehicle accidents is very large as compared to the other causes of death. It is important to prevent accidents and to protect the driver and pedestrian when accidents occur. Though there are different causes for these accidents but proper technology of braking system and technology to reduce the damage during accident (such as pneumatic bumper system) can be effective on the accident rates. Therefore, pre-crashing system is demanded. Automotive safety has gained an increasing amount of interest from the general public, governments, and the car industry. The pre-crash system is to prevent accidents on roads with poor visibility by using sensor network to find invisible vehicles, which are to be detected by autonomous on-vehicle sensors. The pre-crashing system is processing the sensor data and controlling the vehicle to prevent accidents and accidents caused by careless driving. The pneumatic system is simple and easy in operation and hence can be used in automation industry.

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Gilchrist, Barbara J. "Managed Care Takes to the Highway: Implications for Insureds." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 29, no. 2 (2001): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2001.tb00341.x.

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Automobile insurance companies are joining the move to managed care in the hopes of reducing health-care expenditures arising out of automobile accidents. Industry interest is strong enough that large managed care organizations, such as Concentra Managed Care, Inc., and HNC Insurance Solutions, are beginning to offer their existing network of providers to persons seeking medical care for automobile accident injuries and their evaluation software to insurers.While insurance companies have successfully pressed four state legislatures and one commissioner of insurance for authorization to offer consumers a managed care option in automobile insurance policies, these efforts have not gone unchallenged. Vocal opponents, primarily lawyer and chiropractic organizations, question whether persons injured in accidents will receive care when needed (especially if the accident occurs when the policyholder is away from home), what the quality of care received will be, and whether any savings will be passed on to consumers.

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Jose, M. Jerin, S. Akmal Jahan, R. Arunachalam, R. Karnan, and V. Kishore. "Automobile Accident Sensing Unit and Notifier using Arduino." SIJ Transactions on Industrial, Financial & Business Management 05, no. 01 (February 3, 2017): 05–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/sijifbm/v5i1/05020050102.

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Horvat, Rajko, Berislav Barišić-Jaman, Gordan Mršić, Igor Špoljarić, Andro Vrdoljak, and Ivan Pehar. "Method of Light Bulbs Analysis on Vehicles Damaged in Traffic Accidents." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 22, no. 4 (March 1, 2012): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v22i4.191.

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One of the measures to increase road traffic safety in Croatia is the introduction of obligatory use of daily lights on vehicles in road traffic during driving, regardless of the visibility and the time of day. The paper describes the new original technical and technological procedure of analysing automotive light bulbs in order to find the traces of glass particles of the broken glass balloon in the marginal cases of action of small inertia forces generated as result of a traffic accident. Investigations of light bulbs in traffic accidents had been rarely done before; therefore the subject of this scientific research is the analysis of the light bulb filament used in automobiles to light the road ahead and to give light signals, i.e. all the light signalling devices on the automobile using the new technical and technological procedure by means of SEM/EDX method. The scientific research has improved the investigation procedure in analysing the light bulbs on automobiles in determining whether at the moment of the traffic accident the regulatory lights were switched on. In determining the responsibility of participants for causing the traffic accident, such a fact may sometimes be of crucial significance. KEY WORDS: traffic accident, light bulb, technical and technological procedure, lights in traffic, microscope, molten glass particles

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Cao, Yi, Hui Zhi Xu, and Zhong Yi Zuo. "Applicability Analysis for the Reconstruction Model of Automobile Two-Dimensional Eccentric Collision Accidents." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.747.

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In order to provide a theory algorithm for simulation and reconstruction analysis of automobile two-dimensional eccentric collision accidents, the applicability problems of the traditional dynamics model and trajectory model in this kind of accident were analyzed in theory respectively. Using PC-Crash software and the traditional models, a real accident case was reconstructed and analyzed. The comparative study between the reconstruction analysis results and the vehicles traces remained in the accident scene was conducted. According to the comparative study, reliabilities of the traditional models were verified.

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Men, Yu Zhuo, Hai Bo Yu, and Xin Pan. "Study on Macroscopic Prediction Model of Traffic Accident Influence Factors." Advanced Materials Research 590 (November 2012): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.590.531.

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In order to study the main influence factors on urban traffic accident, the grey correlation system macroscopic prediction method was presented. Concerning the overall environmental perspective of people, automobile, and road as well as the distinctive characteristic of urban traffic accident, the prediction model of factors contributing to traffic accident was proposed. EXCEL software was applied to analyze the relations between the influence factors and traffic accidents with grey theory model adopted to calculate the correlation grade among different factors. The prediction Model was also validated through examples on the basis of the investigation of traffic accident and the relevant statistics. The results show that the model is applicable and efficient in forecasting the main factors and the relations between them, thus to avoid traffic accidents.

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Yamashita, Tomonobu. "Subrogation in Automobile Accident Compensation Insurance." Hokengakuzasshi (JOURNAL of INSURANCE SCIENCE), no. 600 (2008): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5609/jsis.2008.600_121.

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Kurisu, Satoshi, Ichiro Inoue, Takuji Kawagoe, Masaharu Ishihara, Yuji Shimatani, Yasuharu Nakama, Keisuke Ohkawa, et al. "Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy after automobile accident." International Journal of Cardiology 118, no. 1 (May 2007): e16-e18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.11.214.

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Flick, Cassandra, and Kimberly Schweitzer. "Influence of the Fundamental Attribution Error on Perceptions of Blame and Negligence." Experimental Psychology 68, no. 4 (July 2021): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000526.

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Abstract. Automobile accidents are a frequent occurrence in the United States and commonly result in legal ramifications. Through a fundamental attribution error (FAE) framework ( Ross, 1977 ), the current research examined how individuals perceive blame and negligence in these cases. In Study 1 ( N = 360), we manipulated the driver (you vs. stranger) of a hypothetical accident scenario and the situational circumstances surrounding the accident (favorable vs. unfavorable). Supporting the FAE, individuals' situational blame attributions only varied as a function of situational circumstances when they themselves were hypothetically driving. However, neither the driver nor the situation significantly predicted dispositional blame attributions. Yet, Study 1 provided initial support for the importance of an individual's trait tendency to neglect situational constraints when making dispositional blame attributions. In Study 2 ( N = 212), we again manipulated situational circumstances surrounding the hypothetical accident, but within the context of a mock civil trial. Results provided additional support for the importance of this trait tendency and expanded our findings of dispositional blame attributions to perceptions of negligence. Implications include the importance of considering trait individual differences in the likelihood to ignore situational demands when individuals are making legally relevant judgments about automobile accidents.

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Fornalchik, Yevgenii, and V. V. Gilevich. "The level of saturation by automobile equipment of regional and urban settlements and the number of accidents." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 2(254)’2018 (June 20, 2018): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2018-2-254-15-18.

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In order to determine the impact of motorization growth on the number of accidents, it is proposed to assess the level of motorization of the population not because of the number of cars, but because of the total number of all automobile equipment per 1000 inhabitants. The results of studies, such as the Lviv region and the city Lviv, do not support previous assumptions about such an impact. Keywords: motorization, cars, automobile equipment, level of saturation, road accident, city, region.

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Lippmann, O., A. L. Corn, and M. C. Lewis. "Bioptic Telescopic Spectacles and Driving Performance: A Study in Texas." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 82, no. 5 (May 1988): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x8808200506.

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The safety of driving an automobile with Bioptic Telescopic Spectacles (BTS) is controversial, yet statistical analysis of driving performance may help resolve questions. All 64 persons licensed to drive in Texas with BTS and who had driven at least one year were compared to a random control group. BTS drivers had 1.34 times more accidents than controls ( p< 0.05). Although telescope users do not have a significantly higher chance of having a first accident, BTS drivers who were involved in one accident are likely to have more accidents than control subjects. The telescope-using drivers were at fault in 82 percent of their 22 accidents, while 40 percent of the controls were faulted in their 15 accidents. Visual field losses with bilaterally fitted telescopes are profound. A direct correlation between any specific ocular defect and a particular accident is difficult to determine.

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Manish, R., M. Sumithra, ,Lokhitha D., Mahalakshmi L., Durga V., and Nirmala G. "Accident Detection System Using GPS and GSM by IOT." Journal of Cognitive Human-Computer Interaction 4, no. 1 (2022): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/jchci.040105.

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The primary goal of accident detection implementation is to reduce traffic accidents that result in the loss of priceless human life and other valuable items. Accident detection systems that use GPS and GSM save lives by shortening the time it takes for emergency personnel to reach the scene of an accident. We made the decision to recognise an automobile collision and notify the emergency personnel as well as the driver's main contacts. The product's main goal was to increase security for consumers and their families. GPS (Global Positioning System) and GSM are its foundations (Global system of Mobile communication).

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Zhang, Han Xin. "Analysis on Affection and Dissemination of Road Traffic Accidents." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.200.

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Analysis for the road traffic accident is the dissemination of summary analysis of road traffic accidents, all types of traffic into the causes and recommends a system can reduce the effective theory of road traffic accidents. Road traffic system is a person, motor vehicles, the combined effect of the environment from the system. Road traffic safety depends on people, vehicles, roads, environment and road traffic management in all aspects of an integrated system for co-ordination. Characteristics for the occurrence of traffic accidents, road traffic accident on an analysis and research of the impact-spread of road traffic accident, to investigate the microscopic properties of a traffic accident on the traffic flow, emissions, noise impact and the dissemination of the law, analyzing the past, the scene of the accident the speed of other vehicles and drivers of the physical distribution psychological reaction to speed up the disposal of road traffic accidents, to reduce road traffic accidents on traffic flow and avoid the second derivative disasters, the elimination of road accident black spots, build a smart urban road traffic command system, to reduce pollutants in automobile exhaust emissions to protect the natural ecological environment, thus contributing to building a harmonious ecological city transport network.

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Frangos, Nicholas E., and Spyridon D. Vrontos. "Design of Optimal Bonus-Malus Systems With a Frequency and a Severity Component On an Individual Basis in Automobile Insurance." ASTIN Bulletin 31, no. 1 (May 2001): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.31.1.991.

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AbstractThe majority of optimal Bonus-Malus Systems (BMS) presented up to now in the actuarial literature assign to each policyholder a premium based on the number of his accidents. In this way a policyholder who had an accident with a small size of loss is penalized unfairly in the same way with a policyholder who had an accident with a big size of loss. Motivated by this, we develop in this paper, the design of optimal BMS with both a frequency and a severity component. The optimal BMS designed are based both on the number of accidents of each policyholder and on the size of loss (severity) for each accident incurred. Optimality is obtained by minimizing the insurer's risk. Furthermore we incorporate in the above design of optimal BMS the important a priori information we have for each policyholder. Thus we propose a generalised BMS that takes into consideration simultaneously the individual's characteristics, the number of his accidents and the exact level of severity for each accident.

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Xu, Hai Hua, and Guang Fu Li. "Research on the Methods of Accident Vehicle Safety Performance Technological Identification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.310.

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With the rapid development of the automobile industry and transport, the increasing traffic accidents have become the serious problems for the traffic management. The important issue that we how to deal with the traffic accidents scientifically and make an accurate identification about the traffic accidents is badly in need of solving. Based on the current situation and research methods of traffic accidents at home and abroad, this paper illustrates the research on accident vehicle safety performance technology identification from one of factors causing traffic accidents-vehicles, which makes the identification for the accident vehicles about the operation process. The selection and process of identification items and information record will be strictly controlled to make the work quality and efficiency improve greatly.

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Caples, Linda Griffin. "Applications: Squeal Those Tires!: Automobile-Accident Reconstruction." Mathematics Teacher 85, no. 1 (January 1992): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.85.1.0056.

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The procedures used by law-enforcement officers in traffic-accident reconstruction contain a wealth of material that can be applied in teaching secondary school mathematics. Students are highly interested in the milestone of obtaining a driver's license, It is important that they recognize their responsibility of driving within the speed limits to reduce the chance of their involvement in an accident. Should they be in an accident, they may be surprised to know that methods of estimating minimum speeds are available. These methods require a basic knowledge of vectors and trigonometry, which makes their use an ideal real-life application for students in precalculus, mathematical analysis, or trigonometry.

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Oliveira, Amanda Lima de, Andy Petroianu, Dafne Maria Villar Gonçalves, Gisele Araújo Pereira, and Luiz Ronaldo Alberti. "Characteristics of motorcyclists involved in accidents between motorcycles and automobiles." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 61, no. 1 (February 2015): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.61.01.061.

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Introduction: traffic accidents are one of the main causes of death and disability, with motorcyclists representing the great majority of both the victims and the perpetrators. Objective: this work studied the characteristics of motorcyclists injured in accidents involving motorcycles and automobiles. Method: this study sought to interview 100 motorcyclists who had been injured in collisions between motorcycles and automobiles, and who were undergoing emergency hospital treatment in the region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The questionnaires included demographic information (age, gender, skin color, education level, profession) and questions about years of licensed driving practice, how often they would drive an automobile, how long they had had a motorcycle driver’s license, how often they would ride a motorcycle, the number of prior accidents involving a car, and the number of prior accidents not involving a car. Results: of the 100 consecutive accidents studied, 91 occurred with men and 9 with women, aged between 16 and 79 (m = 29 ± 11) years. Regarding their reason for using a motorcycle, 83% reported using it for transport, 7% for work, and 10% for leisure. Most of these accident victims had secondary or higher education (47%). Of the motorcyclists who held a car driver’s license, 68.3% drove the vehicle daily or weekly and held the license for more than one year. Sixty-seven percent of the accident victims used a motorcycle daily and had a motorcycle driver’s license for at least one year. Conclusion: among the motorcyclists injured, most were men aged 20 years or older, with complete secondary education, and experienced in driving both motorcycles and cars, indicating that recklessness while driving the motorcycle is the main cause of traffic accidents.

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Glancy, D. Luke, Darrin G. Merwin, Karthik Reddy, and Mark Cassidy. "Abnormal Electrocardiogram Obtained After an Automobile Accident." Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings 18, no. 4 (October 2005): 405–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2005.11928102.

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Evrard, John R., William Q. Sturner, and Edward J. Murray. "Fetal Skull Fracture from an Automobile Accident." American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 10, no. 3 (September 1989): 232–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000433-198909000-00013.

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Feldman, Bernard J. "Elementary physics in a real automobile accident." Physics Teacher 35, no. 6 (September 1997): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2344714.

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Adelman, Harold M., Paul M. Wallach, Philip Altus, John N. Greene, Charlotte A. Truitt, Ronald De Masi, and Glenn Matfin. "Medical Emergency Long After an Automobile Accident." Hospital Practice 31, no. 11 (November 15, 1996): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21548331.1996.11443373.

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Raj, R. Melvin, Jyosthna R, Ramya Madhuri N, Akshay Sunny R, and Pratima A. "Damage Detection of An Automobile." International Journal of Engineering Research in Computer Science and Engineering 9, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ijercse/09.10.art014.

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As a result of the proliferation of automobile in- dustries today. There have been an increasing number of car accidents, not all of which are serious, but the automobile is damaged. Detecting automobile damage at the site of an accident using images is exceptionally beneficial as it may significantly lower the cost of processing the insurance reimbursement process while also providing more convenience to automobile users. In most cases, this damage is detected and assessed manually from the car’s images during the car evaluation process. In this paper, we worked on the problem of automation of vehicle damage detection which can be used by insurance companies to automate the process of vehicle insurance claims in a rapid fashion. The recent advances in computer vision largely due to the adoption of fast, scalable, and end-to-end trainable Convolutional Neural Networks make it technically feasible to recognize vehicle damages using semantic segmentation. We manually collected and annotated images from various online sources containing different types of vehicle damages and we used U-NET architec- ture to detect the damage of an automobile.

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Guan, Zhi Guang, Jie Liang, and Qiu Hua Miao. "Research on Automatic Positioning System in Traffic Accident." Advanced Materials Research 422 (December 2011): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.422.79.

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With the rapid development of the global economy, automobile industry and high-grade highway create the necessary tools and infrastructure for the fast and convenient traffic. However, the cars also bring some negative effects of human life, such as traffic accidents. China has become the world's most serious national in the traffic accidents. In order to make the traffic accident rescue convenient, the automatic positioning system is studied, and the software and hardware are also designed. The control system uses the PIC18F458 as a controller, which combines with the modern sensor technology and GPS, and realizes the automatic positioning in traffic accidents. Experiments show that the system has the advantages of stability, reliability and strong anti-interference ability.

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Cho, Gyu-Seong. "A Study on Problems and Solutions of Automobile Accident Damage Support Project in Guarantee of Automobile Accident Compensation Act." Legal Studies Institute of Chosun University 23, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 365–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18189/isicu.2016.23.1.365.

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Yang, Xiao Long, Ping Li, Tao Lv, and Xue Hua Liao. "Traffic Accident Reconstruction Technology Research." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 946–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.946.

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Based on the virtual simulation theory, we used three-dimensional modeling software to build modeling road facilities (vehicles, trees, street lights, etc.) for simulating the accident environment, and by using OpenGL technology, achieved reading, displaying and controlling the three-dimensional models. This dynamically realized the three-dimensional animated simulation of vehicle movement. Simultaneously we have calculated in progress the simulation of vehicle crash with the basic theory of automobile collision, vehicle collision model and the law of conservation of energy and momentum. Finally, we constructed a flexible platform for the simulation experiment. The platform is enabling to add and update road, trees, street lamps and house on the simulation environment dynamically, and has ability to analysis the traffic accident. This could give an assistant to the handling traffic accidents.

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Kraut, Caio. "APRENDIZADO DE MÁQUINA UTILIZANDO AGRUPAMENTO E REGRESSÃO NA PREVISÃO DE LOCAIS DE ACIDENTES DE TRÂNSITO EM ZONAS URBANAS." COLLOQUIUM EXACTARUM 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ce.2022.v14.n1.e380.

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With the urbanization of Brazilian cities, automobile locomotion has become indispensable, so the area of urban mobility has increased on an exponential scale, resulting in an increase in traffic violence, whether caused by traffic jams, human bias or infrastructure problems. This work proposes a solution that predicts accident locations within urban areas based on temporal data (date and time) of accidents. It uses the K-Means algorithm to group and KNN Regressor to predict, within the sample of accident data from the city of São Paulo collected between 2019 and 2021, a predictive model with an accuracy of 96.04% within a tolerance of 500m was obtained.

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Powell, Nelson B., Kenneth B. Schechtman, Robert W. Riley, Kasey Li, and Christian Guilleminault. "Sleepy Driving: Accidents and Injury." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 126, no. 3 (March 2002): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mhn.2002.122699.

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OBJECTIVE: The study goals were to evaluate the associated risks of driving and to assess predictors of accidents and injury due to sleepiness. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional Internet-linked survey was designed to elicit data on driving habits, sleepiness, accidents, and injuries during the preceding 3 years. Statistical analysis included logistic models with covariate-adjusted P values of <0.01 (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals or limits). Independent accident predictors were sought. RESULTS: Responses from 10,870 drivers were evaluated. The mean ± SD age was 36.9 ± 13 years; 61% were women and 85% were white. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale overall baseline score was 7.4 ± 4.2 (for drivers with no accidents) and ranged to 12.7 ± 7.2 (for drivers with ≥ 4 accidents) ( P = < 0.0001). Twenty-three percent of all respondents experienced ≥ 1 accident. Among respondents who reported ≥ 4 accidents, a strong association existed for the most recent accident to include injury ( P < 0.0001). Sleep disorders were reported by 22.5% of all respondents, with a significantly higher prevalence (35%, P = 0.002) for drivers who had been involved in ≥ 3 accidents. CONCLUSION: Factors of sleepiness were strongly associated with a greater risk of automobile accidents. Predictors were identified that may contribute to accidents and injury when associated with sleepiness and driving.

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ЧЕБЕРЯЧКО, Сергій, Юрій ЧЕБЕРЯЧКО, Олег ДЕРЮГІН, Олена ТРЕТЯК, and Іван БАС. "ESTIMATION OF INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITION OF THE DRIVER ON SAFETY OF PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORTATIONS." СУЧАСНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ В МАШИНОБУДУВАННІ ТА ТРАНСПОРТІ 1, no. 18 (June 9, 2022): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36910/automash.v1i18.755.

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The safety of road passenger transport depends on the main key elements that make up the system: driver-car-road-environment. Failure of any element of this system increases the probability of its exit from the normal-functional state, and most importantly, will increase the risk of an accident (hereinafter - road accident). Therefore, the search for ways to reduce the likelihood of accidents during passenger road transport based on the analysis of the consequences of changes in the psychophysiological states of the driver is an urgent task. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for reducing the probability of accidents during passenger road transportation based on the analysis of the consequences of changes in the psychophysiological states of a driver. The study used the method of expert assessments and the method of "Failure Mode and Effects Analysis" (hereinafter the method "FMEA"), which includes organizational, logical and mathematical and statistical procedures aimed at obtaining from experts the assessment of hazards affecting the change the psychophysiological state of a driver while driving a passenger bus, their analysis and generalization of the results in order to prepare rational decisions. It is determined that changes in the psychophysiological state of a driver lead to errors in driving a passenger bus and are the main catalyst, which together with various hazards when driving a vehicle and joint interaction of the subject with the object - leads to traffic violations and further - to road accidents. It is shown that in case of elimination of one of the listed components, the road accident will not occur. It is established that the loss of concentration, changes in emotional state and intensity of the load are the main factors that affect the psychophysiological state of a passenger bus driver. The dependence of the accident on the presence of the catalyst, the hazard, and the interaction of the subject with it is determined. It is proposed to use the driver's reaction as a catalyst, which depends on the change of their psychophysiological state while driving a passenger bus. Keywords: driver, psychophysiological condition, passenger bus, hazard, interaction, catalyst.

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Lohiya, Ghan-Shyam. "Uterine prolapse and cystocele after an automobile accident." Annals of Emergency Medicine 42, no. 6 (December 2003): 850–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2003.05.002.

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Archana, Myaka. "Automatic Vehicle Accident Detection System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 2975–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35670.

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The ascent of technology and infrastructure has created our lives easier. the appearance of technology has conjointly enhanced the traffic hazards and therefore the road accidents ensue ofttimes that causes immense loss of life and property owing to the poor emergency facilities. Our project can give AN optimum resolution to the present flinch. AN measuring device may be utilized in a automobile alarm application in order that dangerous driving may be detected. It may be used as a crash or change detector of the vehicle throughout and when crash. With signals from AN measuring device, a severe accident may be recognized. in step with this project once a vehicle meets with AN accident straight off vibration detector can notice the signal or if a automobile rolls over, and small electro system (MEMS) detector can notice the signal and sends it to ARM controller. Microcontroller sends the alert message through the GSM electronic equipment together with the situation to the police room or a rescue team. therefore the police will straight off trace the situation through GPS electronic equipment, when receiving the data. Then when orthodox the situation necessary action are going to be taken. If the person meets with a little accident or if there's no serious threat to any ones life, then the alert message may be terminated by the motive force by a switch provided so as to avoid wasting the dear time of the medical rescue team. This paper is helpful in police work the accident exactly by suggests that of each vibration detector and small electro system (MEMS) or measuring device. As there's a scope for future implementation we will add a wireless net cam for capturing the photographs which can facilitate in providing drivers help.

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Knutsen, Erik S. "Auto Insurance as Social Contract: Solving Automobile Insurance Coverage Disputes Through a Public Regulatory Framework." Alberta Law Review 48, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr148.

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Automobile insurance in Canada is a product with a decidedly public purpose, a social contract. The provincial governments are heavily involved in the creation, regulation, drafting, and operation of the automobile insurance regime in any particular province. This public flavour to Canadian automobile insurance necessarily should affect the way one assesses the availability of insurance coverage in accident situations involving injuries or death. Understanding the limits of automobile insurance coverage for injuries or death in any given accident situation in Canada should be an exercise of interpretation akin to discerning the meaning of a public regulatory instrument with a public purpose, like a statute. This article proposes a novel interpretive framework for Canadian automobile insurance coverage disputes, one which accounts for the public purpose of such insurance and which searches for the true intent behind the language in the coveragegranting instruments. The framework also prompts an assessment of coverage decision consequences in a public compensatory regime and, in instances of coverage ambiguity, solves those ambiguities through basic tools of consumer protection.

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Volkov, V., E. Nabatnikova, and E. Lebedev. "SOME TRAFFIC SAFETY ISSUES AT UNREGULATED PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS IN THE CITY." EurasianUnionScientists 5, no. 12(81) (January 18, 2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.5.81.1168.

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The groups of participants of the pedestrian and automobile flows, whose actions cause the greatest danger to the occurrence of conflict situations in the zone of unregulated transition, are identified. The factors determining the likelihood of a traffic accident at an unregulated transition are systematized, for which probability estimates of the occurrence of road traffic accidents are calculated. As an estimated parameter, the hazard coefficient of a conflict point of an unregulated transition is proposed, which is determined by the ratio of the probability of a traffic accident in the real-time hourly interval to the average annual probability of a traffic accident reduced to the hourly interval. The dependences of the hazard ratio of an unregulated transition are established on the most significant factors: the speed mode of transport in the area before the transition and the state of the road surface.

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Inamasu, Joji, Masashi Nakatsukasa, Kazuhiro Tomiyasu, Keita Mayanagi, Masaaki Nishimoto, Takeo Oshima, Masami Yoshii, Satoru Miyatake, and Akira Imai. "Stroke while driving: Frequency and association with automobile accidents." International Journal of Stroke 13, no. 3 (August 31, 2017): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747493017728398.

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Background Cardiovascular events while driving have occasionally been reported. In contrast, there have been few studies on stroke while driving. Aim The objectives of this study were to (1) report the frequency of stroke while driving and (2) evaluate its association with automobile accidents. Methods Clinical data prospectively acquired between January 2011 and December 2016 on 2145 stroke patients (1301 with ischemic stroke, 585 with intracerebral hemorrhage, and 259 with subarachnoid hemorrhage) were reviewed to identify patients who sustained a stroke while driving. The ratio of driving to performing other activities was evaluated for each stroke type. Furthermore, the drivers’ response to stroke was reviewed to understand how automobile accidents occurred. Results Among the 2145 patients, 85 (63 ischemic stroke, 20 intracerebral hemorrhage, and 2 subarachnoid hemorrhage) sustained a stroke while driving. The ratio of driving to performing other activities was significantly higher in ischemic stroke (4.8%) than in intracerebral hemorrhage (3.4%) or subarachnoid hemorrhage (0.8%). A majority of drivers either continued driving or pulled over to the roadside after suffering a stroke. However, 14 (16%) patients were involved in automobile accidents. In most patients, an altered mental status due to severe stroke was the presumed cause of the accident. Conclusion Stroke occurred while driving in 4.0% of all strokes and accidents occurred in 16% of these instances.

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Sokolovskij, Edgar. "INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERACTION OF AN AUTOMOBILE WHEEL WITH A VERTICAL OBSTACLE." TRANSPORT 20, no. 4 (August 30, 2005): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2005.9638011.

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Collision of automobile wheels with a vertical obstacle as a result of which the wheel tire gets dismantled is considered in the present article. The required force and the minimal speed of driving which is equivalent to the expenditures of the kinetic energy necessary for dismantling of the tire from the wheel rim after the collision with an obstacle are ascertained. The values of this force and speed typical of automobiles attributed to different classes, their dependence upon the height of the obstacle and the angle of collision with the obstacle are fixed. A more precise method for the calculation of the automobile speed prior to the traffic accident taking into consideration the expenditures of the kinetic energy necessary for dismantling of the wheel after the occurrence of its collision with a vertical obstacle is suggested.

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Kiyashko, Larisa A., and Victoria A. Ksenofontova. "RESEARCH OF DEFORMATION AND DESTRUCTION OF CAR ELEMENTS UNDER EXTREME CONDITIONS." International Journal of Advanced Studies 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2227-930x-2022-12-2-21-35.

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The article is devoted to the improvement of the methodology for the examination of the operation the vehicles in extreme conditions that occur during road traffic accidents (RTA). Of great interest in the field of road safety are the tasks of determining the causes of RTA and the conditions under which they occur. There are computer systems that allow modeling the processes of interaction automobile vehicles with obstacles and among themselves during an accident. These developments based on various mathematical models of the car collision process. The most reliable and promising are systems that based on methods for analyzing plastic deformations and destruction of car structural elements during an accident. The basis of these methods is the law of conservation energy or the model of the transition of the kinetic energy of a moving vehicle into the potential energy of a structure deformed after an accident. This process described with the help of the parameter – the energy equivalent of the speed. The analysis of the object is study – automobile body structures carried out. They classified as thin-walled shell structures that are easily plastically deformed. The available methods for solving the problems of analysis the elastic-plastic deformations in such structures do not allow providing the high accuracy of the solution necessary for the examination of the RTA. Purpose – improvement of the methodology for conducting an autotechnical examination of an accident. Methodology: solution of inverse problems of continuum mechanics. Results: a variant of the finite element representation of the design and a method of the variational approach to determining the energy criteria of the process under study were developed. It provides the greatest accuracy in solving the tasks. Practical implications: it is expedient to apply the obtained results when carrying out an autotechnical examination of an accident.

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Melgar, Marija Del Carmen, and Jose Antonio Ordaz. "The Utility of Zero-Inflated Models in the Estimation of the Number of Accidents in the Automobile Insurance Industry." Equilibrium 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2010): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2010.034.

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The main purpose of the present paper is to provide an econometric model which estimates the number of automobile accidents that policyholders declare to their insurance companies, pointing out those variables that are significant in this process. Our empirical analysis is based on the data supplied by a private insurance company that operates in Spain, and on the zero-inflated count data models as methodology. We find a positive association between the levels of coverage and the accident rates, suggesting the existence of problems related to adverse selection and moral hazard. This result is one of the most important conclusions of our work and confirms the theoretical aspects pointed up by other empirical studies in the literature. Additionally, estimating the number of policyholders that suffered any accident but not declared, and how many these non-declared accidents are, could be very useful information for insurers to evaluate their risk planning. Our model attempts to reach this target as well.

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Asante, Seth A., Louis H. Adams, John J. Shufon, and Joseph P. McClean. "Estimating Average Automobile Occupancy from Accident Data in New York State." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1553, no. 1 (January 1996): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155300117.

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Average automobile occupancy (AAO) data are valuable input to congestion management systems (CMS). Continuous field collection of these data at the system level has been lacking because of high costs associated with current data collection methodology. It is shown how the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) has built upon prior research by the Connecticut Department of Transportation, which uses traffic accident data to calculate estimates of vehicle occupancy, and has tailored the process to meet NYSDOT's CMS needs. Accident data covering a 3-year period are used to estimate AAOs by county, year of occurrence, month of year, day of week, and time-of-day intervals. Occupancy rates are calculated to be lowest during the morning peak traffic period and highest during the evening period between 6:00 and 11:00 p.m. Occupancy rates are highest for summer months and lowest for winter months. Occupancy rates are highest for the weekends and lowest for weekdays. Accident-based AAOs are compared to multiple-station roadside-observed AAOs. Adjustment factors are developed to convert the former to be comparable to the latter. It is concluded that using accident data to estimate AAO is a viable and economical approach to continuous monitoring of system-level AAO performance. NYSDOT is currently using accident-based AAO data as an integral part of its CMS.

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V. J., Ugale. "Study of Accident Control System in Automobile in India." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology V, no. III (March 27, 2017): 614–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.3115.

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Ko, Min Seok and 김승희. "Analysis of Medical Expenses for patients by Automobile Accident." Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology 13, no. 1 (March 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17958/ksmt.13.1.201103.1.

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Tanase, Takao. "The Management of Disputes: Automobile Accident Compensation in Japan." Law & Society Review 24, no. 3 (1990): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3053856.

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Rolph, John E., James K. Hammitt, and Robert L. Houchens. "Automobile Accident Compensation: Who Pays How Much How Soon?" Journal of Risk and Insurance 52, no. 4 (December 1985): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/252312.

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Acharya, Debopam, Vijay Kumar, Gary M. Gaddis, and Nicholas Garvin. "SAVE: a wireless Java enabled automobile accident reporting system." International Journal of Intelligent Defence Support Systems 1, no. 3 (2008): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijidss.2008.023009.

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Chi, Michael, and Jafar Vossoughi. "Engineering Aspect of Automobile Accident Reconstruction Using Computer Simulation." Journal of Forensic Sciences 30, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 11014J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs11014j.

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Comer, Jonathan C., Nicholas J. Rose, and Leonard S. Bombom. "Poisson Regression Analysis of Highway Fatality Accident Data in Oklahoma." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 5, no. 4 (October 2014): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2014100105.

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Analysis of fatality automobile accident data can be challenging in rural areas where a relatively small number of such accidents occurs on specific sections of highways. Combining crash data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and highway networks and design specifications from the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT), this article employs Poisson regression analysis to determine what roadway characteristics (e.g. grade, geometry, and design) are most associated with fatal accidents on predominantly rural segments of highways in Oklahoma. The results provide information about what combinations of highway design traits have contributed most to past crashes and therefore can identify potentially dangerous road segments system-wide. This information will help transportation engineers evaluate current construction practice and seek ways to address design issues that are shown to contribute significantly to serious crashes.

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R.D, Balaji. "A Case study on Automatic Smart Headlight System for Accident Avoidance." International Journal of Computer Communication and Informatics 2, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ijcci2012.

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The recent developments in the sensors and the IoT (Internet of Things) technologies are transforming many of the devices smart and to act independently or with minimum human intervention. The researchers are identifying many existing systems and trying to address the current problems in the functionalities or limitation of these existing devices. The researchers are also working to discover the technologies which are very expensive and not in the reach of the common man so that it would be possible to bring out the better solution for the ever-growing mankind with suitable affordability. The functionalities of IoT are not limited to a specific field and outweigh the other traditional methodologies; it is being used in many of the life saving applications in recent days including health care, emergency care, accident-aids and many more. The recent survey reveals that the accidents percentage is high between evening 6 to morning 6 compared to the day time. The top most reason for these accidents are temporary blindness of the drivers caused by the headlights of the opposite side vehicles. Another study shows that the accident chances are high during raining or foggy season than a normal day. To avoid these accidents, we are mainly depending on the fog lights. There are few technologies already existing with the luxury cars but these are highly expensive to be adopted in the economy cars. This paper proposes the technology which can be used to make the headlight system to be smart to avoid many existing reasons for the night time or bad weather accidents on road. The researchers’ main objective is to design an economic Automatic Smart Headlight system which can be used by the automobile industry. The second main objective is to design the headlight system for the two and three wheelers also, which is not actually considered by many of the researchers or the automobile industries.

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Синицын, Владимир, Vladimir Sinitsyn, В. Татаринов, V. Tatarinov, А. Кирсанов, and A. Kirsanov. "Method for Construction of Software and Hardware Complex for Notification of an Accident on Automobile Transport with Hazardous Cargo." Safety in Technosphere 6, no. 5 (February 21, 2018): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a855aac037c58.39530541.

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In this paper a minimum necessary structure of the software and hardware complex for operative notification of an automotive accident in the real time mode has been proposed based on analysis of accidents on automobile transport with hazardous cargo, notification features of EMERCOM’s duty-dispatching services, and functional capabilities of domestic and foreign geo-information systems. A model for management support based on application of simulation software and hardware complex for monitoring a road transportation of hazardous cargos (based on sensors for automatic identification of accidents, and satellite technologies) has been proposed as well. Model implementation of the software and hardware complex has shown its operating capacity and high efficiency.

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Belleau, Claude. "L'assurance des dommages matériels au Québec et l'indemnisation directe : un régime efficace mais encore mal compris." Dommages-intérêts / assurance 39, no. 2-3 (April 12, 2005): 613–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043506ar.

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Depuis vingt ans, la réparation des dommages causés aux automobiles s'effectue suivant le principe de l'indemnisation directe basée sur la faute chaque fois que deux ou plusieurs véhicules sont impliqués dans un accident. Cette innovation majeure présente de nombreux avantages par rapport au système antérieur, mais certains de ses aspects sont encore mal compris par le public. L'auteur relate d'abord les circonstances qui ont amené le législateur à adopter ce système en 1978. Il expose ensuite les modifications apportées par la Loi sur l'assurance automobile aux règles générales du Code civil du Québec relatives au contrat d'assurance pour répondre aux exigences de la mise en oeuvre de l'assurance obligatoire et de l'indemnisation directe. Puis, l'auteur discute les conséquences de l'indemnisation directe en ce qui concerne la disparition, dans la police d'assurance automobile, de l'exclusion relative à la conduite en état d'ébriété et en ce qui a trait à la tarification du risque et à la création en 1989 du Fichier central des sinistres automobiles. Il aborde enfin le problème de l'utilisation de l'âge, du sexe et de l'état civil comme facteur de tarification au regard des dispositions de la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Automobile accident'

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