Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Automatisation – Aspect économique – France'
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Bunel, Simon. "Essays on the impact of innovation and technical progress." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0142.
Full textSince the early 2000s, France and, more broadly, Europe have experienced a notable decline relative to the global technological frontier. In this context, this thesis examines the challenges of technological change by exploring both its causes and its economic implications. It is a collection of three essays that study the effect of technological change on growth and the labor market, as well as the effectiveness of public R\&D and innovation policies aimed at fostering the emergence of technological change. The analysis draws on French administrative firm data to shed light on these macroeconomic issues from a "micro-to-macro" perspective.The first chapter studies the effects of investments in modern manufacturing capital — including automation technologies — on the labor and product markets at different levels of analysis: firm, industry, and local labor market (commuting zone). The causal effects are estimated using an instrumental variable model that leverages pre-determined supply linkages and productivity shocks among foreign capital suppliers ("Shift-Share IV"). At both the firm and industry levels, investments in modern manufacturing capital lead to increased labor demand, higher sales and exports. However, the industry-level labor demand response is positive only in industries exposed to international competition. This chapter contributes to the existing literature by focusing on investment in modern manufacturing capital in a broad sense, without concentrating on a specific type of technology. It implements a novel empirical method within this literature to estimate the causal effects of adopting these technologies.The second chapter focuses on the implementation of an innovation support policy, the Innovation Tax Credit (CII), which aims to encourage SMEs to develop new products through the development of prototypes or pilot plants, thereby contributing to technological change. Using a difference-in-differences method following propensity score matching, this chapter reveals a greater short-term increase in employment for firms benefiting from the scheme, as well as a more pronounced medium-term increase in their turnover. Additionally, a greater increase in the number of new products produced is observed.Finally, the third chapter investigates the effect of creative destruction on the measurement of economic growth in France. Indeed, in sectors where new products replace old ones, it is challenging for statistical offices to distinguish between the increase in monetary value due to inflation and the real productivity growth. The standard procedure is to assume that the quality-adjusted inflation rate is the same as for other items in the same category that the statistical office can track over time, i.e., products not subject to creative destruction. This procedure is referred to as "imputation" in the United States. Using the Schumpeterian growth paradigm and establishment-level data, this chapter estimates that between 2004 and 2015, approximately 0.5 percentage points of real output growth per year is missed by INSEE, a figure similar to what has been estimated in the United States. The underlying dynamics of establishments and firms highlight that the similar estimates of missing growth between France and the United States conceal notable differences in establishment dynamics between the two countries
Mazureau-Pajot, Laurence. "Analyse économique de l'isolement." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT4006.
Full textThe isolation of people comprises both deeply demographic and long term changes, the economic and social significance of which has only been perceived for one decade. This phenomenon is not a specific French problem because most of the developed countries are experiencing the same developments, albeit with différences according to age groups. The objective of this work is threefold. First of all, we airn to redefine the contexts surrounding the situations involving isolation by taking into account the dynamics of contemporary social changes. Secondly, we will endeavor to présent the éléments of microeconomic theory likely to describe this phenomenon. Finally, we will attempt to provide an empirical explanation and to interpret the population growth of isolated people
Vard, Patrick. "Éléments pour une analyse économique de l'organisation des marchés de titres." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE0503.
Full textGuillon, Bernard. "Monopole et concurrence dans les services évolués : la réaction stratégique de la direction générale des Télécommunications." Toulouse 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU10020.
Full textThe growth of new telecommunication services, or evolved services, on French soil, has created a certain number of disturbances within the monopolistic structure which characterises the telephone business. The use of terms like "added-value services" or "added-value networks" denotes the differences in behaviour between the "old hands" of the business and the prospective newcomers. The attitude of the telecommunications managing body is no exception to the rule. The strategic choices made by this body demonstrate how their conception of evolved services is translated, in reality, into a series of measures which allow their competitors' processes only a relative presence on the market, a presence which is, furthermore, restricted in time
Louizi, Khalid. "Analyse économique de l'entrepreneuriat social." Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0033.
Full textChaix, Pierre. "Analyse économique du rugby professionnel en France." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21025.
Full textSabatier, Brigitte. "Informatisation et automatisation du circuit du médicament à l'hôpital : quels enjeux ?" Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P610.
Full textDoliger, Cédric. "Démographie, fécondité et croissance économique en France : une analyse cliométrique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/DOLIGER_Cedric_2006.pdf.
Full textTarbalouti, Essaid. "Analyse économique du droit de la faillite." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020023.
Full textThis work is devoted to an economic analysis of the law of bankruptcy. It aims to answer the following question : do the rules on bankruptcy allow an efficient reduction of conflicts between creditors and debtors ? the first part of this work is devoted to the historical reasons of the decline in the law of contract and sets out the arguments for and against this decline. The second part presents the nature of the enterprise and the role of the law of bankruptcy. This part also describes those factors that increase gains and costs and the role of the law of bankruptcy in the internalizing of these costs. The third part presents a model of a single creditor and debtor in order to show the impact of the rules of the law of bankruptcy (prohibition of bankruptcy, discharge) on conflict resolution and increased efficiency. Apparently, none of these rules of law solves the problem of bankruptcy efficiently or justly. To demonstrate this point, we have based ourselves on the contractual freedom between the creditor and debtor parties, as advanced by the coase theorem. The fourth part is devoted to the development of several creditors model. It addresses the problem of a tug-of-war between the different creditors. Centered on the cost of conflict, it examines the efficiency of the law governing compulsory collective procedure with a view to achieving maximum efficiency. The role of warranties and of insurance of this cost reduction is also addressed
Prin, Florence. "Deux contributions à l'analyse économique du tourisme." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX24026.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to realize an economic analysis of tourism based on empirical and theoretical studies that show a significant potential of tourism for growth in developed and developing countries. In the first part, the contribution of tourism in advanced economies is analyzed in the frameworks of computable general equilibrium model measuring the impacts of tourist investments on the employment in France. This model allows understanding of transmission channels from tourism expansion to economic growth. The second part aims to determine the potential of tourism for the economic growth in developing countries. Theoretical and empirical studies are undertaken to find out the essential conditions for the expansion of the tourism sector which brings growth and sustainable development and allows those countries to take advantage from international exchanges. This part focuses in particular on the importance of terms of trade and proposes, through the example of Senegal, a computable general model that shows the negative impacts of a deterioration of terms of trade for developing countries
Glot-Sanchez, Nathalie. "L'interface énergie-environnement : une approche économique modélisée." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON10014.
Full textRubio, Nathalie Audrey. "Analyse économique de l'indépendance du juge : le cas de la France." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX32041.
Full textThe independence aims at isolating judges from the government and at maintaining stability of judges' decisions. However, judicial independence is created by the legislator and it holds particularly for France where the strict separation of powers is rooted in the fear of “judges' government”. Thus, the first part of the thesis focuses on rationality of the judge's independence in France and shows that the degree of independence depends of the stability of governments. On the other side, while weak judicial independence makes easier for government to interfere, strong judicial independence is not less dangerous if it is not counterbalanced by judicial accountability. The second part deals with the discretionary power of the independent judge and shows how structural independence affects judge' s choices and thus how independence is also an elements of the judge's rationality
Charrier, Dominique. "L'économie du sport en France : une analyse socio-économique des phénomènes sportifs." Paris 9, 1990. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1990PA090034.
Full textLecourt, Arnaud. "Le juge et l'économie." Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU2009.
Full textDelamotte, Éric. "Industrialisation et marchandisation de la formation : le cas de la formation des adultes en France." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030156.
Full textThe training of adults, now in-service training, serves a social purpose whose utility has been recognized and use extended. Its official recognition results from the setting-up of a systematic organisation with several intervening partners : industries, social partners, the state. Impinging on several fields at the start, it now tends to become autonomous. In this field, the training agencies stand out, beside the state and the industries. The observer cannot allow himself to give a rapid definition of their activities as they are of a great variety. The questioning of monopoly situations on of protected "markets" contributes to bring the training of adults chose to a business model. A dynamic of "tailored" offers of services has developed. In order to meet the diversity of demand, the agencies have changed the organization of work - therefore as the services offered differ from the collective models of initial training, the training of adults, taking into account its own characteristics, can be analysed as a component of the whole industry of culturel. The analysis then clearly shows that the fragmentation of the trainers's activity objectively results from a new "rapport de force". All things considered, at a practical level, the turning of training into both an industry and a business, simply appears as the instrument and the embodiment of the acceptability of a new group of people : the professionals of adult training
Mazamba, Tédie. "Éducation, santé et croissance économique." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020039.
Full textGrenet, Julien. "Démocratisation scolaire, politiques éducatives et inégalités : une évaluation économique." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0029.
Full textThis thesis evaluates the economic impact of three of the most important educational policies that fostered the democratization of education in France: the lengthening of compulsory education, the definition of school catchment areas and the practice of secondary school tracking. This work's main objective is to measure the consequences of these policies on various forms of educational inequalities using French data: these include economic inequalities, socio-spatial inequalities and inequalities induced by the date of birth. We start by assessing the impact of the Berthoin reform, which raised in 1967 the minimum school leaving age from 14 to 16, on educational and labor market outcomes and compare its effects to those of the 1973 British Education Act, which raised the minimum school leaving age from 15 to 16 in the United Kingdom. We then perform a theoretical and empirical analysis of the interaction between school admission ruIes, residential stratification and educational inequalities. We develop a theoretical model to evaluate the properties of alternative school enrollment schemes (strict school zoning, redrawing of school attendance boundaries, school choice) and then quantify the impact of middle school performance on housing prices in the city of Paris. Finally, we carry out a systematic evaluation of the effects of the month of birth on educational attainment and labor market outcomes
Le, Guirriec-Milner Gaëlle. "L'arbitrage autarcie-marché et la modélisation des décisions de production au sein de la famille : une analyse théorique et empirique." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020053.
Full textSultan, Thaer. "L' économie du tourisme et ses impacts : étude sur deux exemples : la France et la Syrie." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32014.
Full textSyria possesses a rich historic, cultural and natural inheritance. But this capital remains still uncultivated because is missing a clear and an active strategy allowing to develop this sector. The central question which arises: why, with all the advantages which Syria possesses, tourism remains incapable to take its place in the Syrian economy?And which strategy is it necessary to apply in Syria to throw tourist development? We analyze French tourist economy, French model of tourism, applied tourist strategies, way of resolving problems to attract the recommendations and the lessons of this experience which we can adjust to the Syrian case. We present at first a review in the tourist literature, the offer, the demand, the weight economic of the tourism and its impacts
Mille, Marylène. "Connaissance et croissance économique : le rôle économique des universités." Littoral, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DUNK0086.
Full textThe objective is to study the contribution of universities to the process of growth and their implication in the development of their territory of reception. A model of general balance revitalized with endogenous growth by accumulation of knowledge in a public university system was built. It evokes the possibility of a positive effect on the growth, but on condition that it is not counterbalanced by a rate of too much raised financing. A confrontation of the results obtained with the facts observed in the French case revealed a globally positive correlation. We estimated the impact of universities on the local development. A method of modelling of the effects of the externalities of academic knowledge, within the framework of an endogenous growth model localized with public policy, was proposed. Then, we analyzed concretely the ways by which a university can join economically on its territory of reception
Parreau, Christophe. "Les ports de commerce moyens du versant manche-atlantique francais : etude geographique." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT3003.
Full textGuillot, Olivier. "La demande de logement : une analyse micro-économique." Nancy 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN20005.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to identify the main economic determinants of housing demand. In the first part of this work, microeconomic theory is used to analyze the demand for housing services and the choice between renting and owning a home ; in the second part, two econometric models of housing tenure choice (a limited dependent variable model and a hazard rate model) are specified and tested on French micro-level data
Perot, Pierre. "Entre politiques publiques et action collective : l'action économique locale." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21033.
Full textDécentralization opened new topics for local authorities, especially in the économic policies. However, the companies seem less and less concerned to the ressources available in their own environement. The communities, vis-à-vis this report, build general policies, turned, not towards the territory, but towards the capacity of their citizens to be more effective on the external markets. These policies, by their power as well in the political speeches as in the managérial practices of the communes, engage the communities towards other innovations, with respect to all their inhabitants and their public partners. One will seek to characterize these evolutions and their feedback on the local economic policies
Sethi-Krasa, Andrea. "Evaluation stratégique, technique et économique de l'automatisation flexible : méthodologie de prise de décision et de contrôle." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1EC07.
Full textLe, Brun Sophie. "Vers un meilleur management des achats médicaux hospitaliers." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P009.
Full textThireau, Véronique. "Les fondements de la nouvelle dynamique spatiale : pour une approche territoriale du développement." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10026.
Full textUsually analysed as an exclusively economic diruption, the current crisis, through the mutations it reveals, is also spatial, political and widely social. Still viewed as a temporary disturbance, the new economical and territorial organization, which takes place for several years in regions of france, could disclose us an other economical, social and spacial order, which is not yet accepted and agreed by everyone. The perception of change required two steps : - the first one implied identification of "new dynamic areas" in order to bring to the fore the likenesses of development and to bring back transformations easier to perceive ; - the second one, based on a theoriticcal reflexion, proposed a reading able to integrate the maximum of the change components
Teste, Thierry. "Les modèles de durée : application pour un traitement micro-économique des durées de chômage." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOE012.
Full textMade from the survey entitled "suivi des chômeurs", this thesis suggests an econometric analysis of unemployment duration in France. This analysis follows a reduced form and rests essentially on the theory of duration models. It uses the most recent techniques. Thus, it is possible to integrate into models the different exits met after unemployment: regular job, marginal job or inactivity. Most of all, it is possible to take into account the stock sampling from the survey, whose importance and influence are underlined. The main objective of this thesis is to be a logical continuation to the numerous studies undertaken until now. That's why this study resumes known and tested buildings. It also uses proportional hazard models and a model of accelerated life. This thesis also shows how this method could be extended to correct the length biased sampling on the model referred to. Moreover, by analyzing the effects of unemployment benefits, it also suggests a modelisation integrating temporal variables
Bailly, Denis. "Economie des ressources naturelles communes : la gestion des bassins conchylicoles." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN11044.
Full textHachem, Thérèse el. "Economie de l'éducationLes erreurs de planification de l'éducation en France : essai d'évaluation." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010001.
Full textBoussemart, Jean-Philippe. "Production capital productivité et endettement de l'agriculture française." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010048.
Full textJulié, Ludovic. "La fiscalité de la culture." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020060.
Full textHeim, Arthur. "Social investment and the changing face of poverty : essays on the design and evaluation of family and social policies in France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0027.
Full textThis thesis explores early childcare and activation policies, fundamental within the social investment paradigm, through two large field experiments in France, supported by the National Family Allowance Fund.In the first chapter, with Julien Combe, we consider access to daycare as a matching problem. We propose market design models to define assignment mechanisms and analyse the consequences of design choices in a field experiment. The problem is akin to school choice, but specific constraints affect the definition and scope of stable matchings. Our algorithms provide Student Optimal Fair Assignments (SOFA) in different versions of the problem. Our analysis focuses on the Matthew effect, demonstrating how design and policy choices influence it. Our tools promote fairness and transparency in assignment processes.Chapters 2 and 3 analyse data from an intensive experimental programme aimed at low-income single-parent families in France, implemented from 2018 to 2022.In Chapter 2, I analyse the effects on labour market participation and poverty, and how wrong we would have been not to use a randomised controlled trial. The analyses reveal initially negative effects that diminish over time. Participants have higher employment rates than other comparison groups, but this difference is entirely due to selection bias. This bias is so strong that estimates using the next best identification strategy - modern doubly robust differences-in-differences - fail to include experimental estimates within confidence intervals. Overall, the programme has no average effect on labour market participation and poverty after the end of the training. There are heterogeneous treatment effects by number of children at baseline.In Chapter 3, with Alexandra Galitzine, we challenge the narrative of "making work pay" for single-parent families in France. The 2019 reform of in-work benefits (Prime d'activité) was adopted contemporaneously with this programme. The intervention directly provided individualized and detailed information on the socio-fiscal system in a year-long support programme, likely to have further reduced various barriers to employment. We use this experiment to measure low-income single-parent families' reactions to incentives after the reform.Our primary contribution lies in estimating counterfactual distributions using experimental assignment variations. We find high labour income elasticities for participants, indicating significant disincentives to employment and increased in-work poverty. The programme's effects on family structure vary based on the number of children, highlighting the complex interplay between policy incentives and poverty dynamics. We coined the term "Assistaxation" to describe the phenomenon of heavily taxing the economic, physical, and mental resources of those accessing public assistance, leaving them with little means to escape
Sonnac, Nathalie. "La presse magazine en France : essai d'analyse économique." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010067.
Full textThe main purpose of the thesis consist to show up the most significant strategical elements structure of the press magazine. The principal theoritical point of the thesis is founded on the new industrial organization and in particular on the imperfect competition theory. I have show up the strategical interactions and notably optimal strategies of the firm on the market. Three main results are obtained : the first concerns the product differentiation. I have proved the interest of the press magazine groups to be present in the market (horizontal growth strategy). The second result succeed in a new modelling of pricing and subscription (model of goodwill with introducing offers and efficiency of advertising). The third result consist to analyse the dual financing. We present on original typology of press groups with help of triangulary relation : reader - editor - advertiser
Guyomard, Hervé. "Investissement et choix technique du secteur agricole francais : étude économétrique." Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN11023.
Full textThis study investigates the structure of french agricultural technology using duality theory and flexible functional forms. The plan of the thesis is as follows. Part 1 discusses data analysis and measurement problems. Part 2 reviews the different generations of input demand models, while paying close attention to the invesment function. Part 3 presents our analysis of french agricultural technology using annual data from 1959 to 1984. TTwo approaches are followed to relax the assumption of full static equilibrium. First, since certain factors cannot be freely varied within the single period of observation, we develop a short-run hicksian equilibrium model : only the variable inputs adjust to their cost minimizing levels, while the quasi-fixed inputs remain fixed. We provide an exhaustive characterization of this model : more precisely, we discuss the underlying assumptions and show how the different possible equilibria can be derived from the knowledge of the short-run hicksian equilibrium. We propose also different possible measures of the disequilibrium, in the price space, in the inputs quantity space and in the output quantity space. Second, the adjusment cost hypothesis is invoked to specify and estimate a system of dynamic demand equations : a disequilibrium process is represented as a generalized partial adjustment model where disequilibrium in one input may affect other inputs
Clarens, Pascal de. "L'avenir du crowdfunding en France : une approche par les plateformes." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT3013.
Full textAlternative finance, and its offshoot crowdfunding, has developed particularly rapidly in France. We will review the situation of the 4 existing forms, Donations, Lending, Equity and Royalties, with reference to the rules, the market, and the promises relating to alternative finance. Through a lexical analysis of three complementary corpuses, we will show the complementariness or the differentiation according to the positions of the stakeholders. Through action-research we will propose a detailed study of the differences between the various forms of crowdfunding. Through action-research, we will propose a detailed study of the differences between the various forms of crowdfunding, of its evolution and its future. The differentiation between the various forms of crowdfunding depending on their aim and the analysis of their BM. An analysis of problems of profitability will enable us to suggest possible improvements. By demonstrating the central importance of the Project for the success of a crowdfunding campaign and by pinpointing the promises made by cooperative platforms, we will argue that returning to the initial promises of alternative financing could give the sector a new boost
Bonnet, Carole. "Inégalités et redistribution inter et intragénérationnelles : études quantitatives appliquées au système de retraite français." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002IEPP0021.
Full textCoiffard, Mathias. "Transferts intergénérationnels et croissance économique : essai sur leurs interactions dans la France contemporaine." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0007.
Full textThis phd dissertation deals with the interactions between economic growth and intergenerational transfers in France from 1820 to 2000. We have chosen an analytical process based on a model involving three overlapping generations with uncertain life expectancy and up- and downward transfers. This has allowed us to define the function of life insurance and also to include three organisations –market, family, state – which produce institutions changing with time. Thus the economic process can be dated historically. To begin with, using a model based on two sectors (agriculture and industry) involving three overlapping generations, we studied the consequences of introducing a compulsory education program on economic development ; with the conclusion that, as upward transfers ceased, a free lunch was introduced for elderly people. Then we studied the macro economic impact of this pensions system. In order to complete the institutional characteristics of the post war economy, we proceeded to analyze the Ford wage agreement. We assessed a cross-age management within corporations of aggregate remuneration and implicit subsidies between age groups in internal markets. Putting an end to these subsidies helps explain the high rate of unemployment among younger and older workers in France as the number of working people financing the youngest and the oldest is reduced by the increase in life expectancy and the concentration of unemployment at both ends of the age range. Does this entail a “war” between age groups being waged ?
Moyen, Léandre Serge. "La responsabilité des communes du fait de leur intervention dans le domaine économique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32032.
Full textPimont, Sébastien. "L'économie du contrat." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT3021.
Full textBend, Albin. "Analyse de l'impact de la télématique sur les organisations." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR1D035.
Full textElectronic revolution presents numerous characteristics illustrated by neologisms related to computer. For the firm, this technical revolution induces many breaks and stakes. It is possible to take up these new challenges by a sector-based approach: office automation, cad cam. . . Our study attempts to highlight one aspect of the electronic mutation : compunication. It defines the field concerned by compunication before analysing the impact of this technology on space implementation of economic activites, firm structure and social activities. Technical problems, legal and economic issues, psychosociological hang up are all factors that can hinder the development of compunication. Data from 43 firms are used to support this research
Montaigne, Étienne. "Enjeux et stratégies dans la filière d'innovation du matériel végétal viticole : un essai d'analyse économique du changement technique." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON10019.
Full textBen, Abid-Zarrouk Sandoss. "Une évaluation économique de l'enseignement à distance universitaire français : le cas particulier des centres de télé-enseignement universitaire de la FIT-Est." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOE019.
Full textBesancenot, François. "Territorialité, durabilité : un seul enjeu ? : réflexion sur la mise en oeuvre d'un développement territorial durable à partir d'un exemple : le Bassin potassique alsacien." Lyon, École normale supérieure lettres et sciences humaines, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00097780.
Full textThe difficulties encoutered by many terrtorial authorities in Europe when putting sustainable development policies into practice suggest that territory and sustainable development do not necessarily sit well together. However, a closer examination seems to show that they are actually inextricably intertwined. The study of the regeneration of the Alsace potassium Basin helps bring these two concepts closer together. A single activity/single identity system, typical of mining areas, progressively replaced by diversification in business and identities, has allowed us to ask : how to make a success of such a fundamental process of change ? Can the concept of sustainable development help us here ? Based on bibliographical studies, public surveys and extensive discussions, a better knowledge of the Basin (1904-2005) has allowed us to develop an alternative conception of its development and to demonstrate that it is ready to adopt a real territorial project like a sustainable development project. This is followed by a dissection of differing methods of putting sustainable development ideas into pratice and some further reflection on the suitability of the area chosen for study. Finally, we propose a sustainable development diagnosis that can be extended to any territory, using appropriately adapted indicators. This way of trying out such a diagnosis for the Basin has proven the importance of the concept of territoriality when putting in place Agenda 21 at a local level. Every project of this sort requires a coherent territorial entity (potassium Basin) even if this (Communauté de communes de Mulhouse Sud-Alsace) does not correspond directly to the area of a given political body. Whilst this particularly study has been solely of the potassium Basin, it would be especially interesting to apply our methods to analysis of other sustainable development projects, whether or not they work within coherent territories, both in France and in other countries
Orivel, Estelle. "Légitimité de l'intervention de l'Etat dans le domaine des arts : Rationalité des acteurs et optimum social." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOE011.
Full textThe legitimacy of state intervention must be analysed through its capacity to bring the point of market equilibrium nearer from that of social optimum. The first ambition of this thesis is to focus on the dependency of the analysis on 1) rationality hypotheses concerning economic and political agents'behavior and 2) value judgements hidden behind criteria of social optimum. While rationality hypotheses of economic agents lead to the determination of market equilibrium, that is to the point reached concerning the consumption and production of arts, criteria of social optimum define the point to be reached. The gap between the two constitutes the failure of the market. The existence of market failures does not suffice however to demonstrate the legitimacy of state intervention. Indeed, the functionning of the state can, it too, be the subject of other kinds of failures. One must thus analyse, rather than the ideal functionning of the state, its actual functionning, whose characterisation depends, just like that of the market, on rationality hypotheses concerning the behavior of political agents. Finally, apart from the focus placed on the dependence of the analysis on rationality hypotheses and criteria of social optimum, a second original innovation consists in the implementation of a survey on a random sample of 987 french individuals. Its objectives are of two kinds: first of all, test some of the hypotheses concerning the characterisation of works of arts; second of all, establish the excess or insufficiency of the financial effort made by the state concerning the arts
Valdenaire, Karine. "Concentration économique et diversité culturelle : le cas du livre en France." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010031.
Full textAnzalone, Guilhem. "Les économies politiques de l’agriculture biologique : production et commercialisation de la viande bovine biologique en France." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0027.
Full textThough recently developed and limited in scope, the French organic farming sector is highly diversified. The reason is that organic farming refers to farming practices but also to an ideological movement. Producing and commercializing organic products in such situation constitutes a relevant topic for economic sociology: how is the organic farming ideological project embedded in the commercialization process? The analysis is based on a fieldwork conducted with the economic sector’s actors in western and south-western France: breeders, farmers groups, manufacturing plants, distributors, professional associations and unions. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews and the gathering of written sources. To analyze how organic meat circulates, I take into account the definition of the product, the form of the economic transaction and more widely the social roles played by actors involved in the circulation of the product. Drawing on the notions of “circuits of commerce” (V. Zelizer) and that of “moral economy” (E. P. Thompson), I show that the combination of these three criteria shapes different economic organization models – which I call political economies. I identify two of them: a standardization political economy and a producer political economy. The former is based on the concentration of volumes of production and its dispatching to diversified markets while the latter is characterized by the central breeders’ role
Garbinti, Bertrand. "Épargner, Hériter, Divorcer : essais sur les inégalités de patrimoine et de niveaux de vie en France." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0005.
Full textThe first chapter of this dissertation deals with the link between saving rate and income. Our results show consistently that saving rate is positively correlated with both current and permanent incomes. The second chapter focuses on the link between intergenerational transmissions and home purchase on one hand, and firm creation on the other hand. We show that households who received a gift or a bequest buy more often their primary residence. For the creation or the buyout of a firm, gifts also exhibit a significant effect while bequests do not. In the third chapter, we explore a new way to leverage the receipt of an inheritance as a plausible exogenous wealth shock, by relying on the precise timing of receipt. We find that, at any age between 55 and 65, chances of current labor market exit are significantly higher among individuals who inherit at that age than among those who inherit in the next few years. In the last chapter, we study the economic consequences of marital disunions. We interestingly show that both women and men support a loss in average, but still of larger magnitude for women. Results also suggest that, contrary to the common belief, the number of children only play a minor role in the explanations of the large women's impoverishment. The share of couple's resources each spouse provides before divorce is the main driver. Child support payments, public transfers and the massive labor market reentry of inactive women mitigate but do not cancel post-divorce gender inequalities
Icard, Julien. "Analyse économique et droit du travail." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010317.
Full textPialoux, Serge. "Les troupes théâtrales professionnelles en Aquitaine : étude historique et socio-économique de 1977 à 1990." Bordeaux 3, 1997. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=1997BOR30088.
Full textThe setting up of professional theatre companies in aquitaine is in line with the various attempts at theatre decentralisation policy that has taken place in france over the last two centuries. Five professional theatre companies are studied here : the baladins en agenais (agen), the theatre de la vache cruelle (perigueux), fartov et belcher (bordeaux), the theatre de feu (mont-de-marsan) and the theatre des chimeres (biarritz). Four aspects are discussed : an historical overview of each company (the founding members, their approach to theatre, the actors, theatre workshops); the repertory (genres, number of first performances and revivals each year); touring in the region and outside; administration and accounts (chart of each company, accounts). The last chapter is putting forward some new proposals for the future of decentralisation
Cadiou, Yann. "Analyse comparative des systèmes d'innovation de la France et du Japon dans le contexte de la mondialisation." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070023.
Full textInternationalization of innovation systems is studied within the framework of the institutionalistic theories of innovation, in a context of globalization of the activities, intensification of the transfers of knowledge and development of ICT's. Internationalization of these systems is analysed starting from a former work (8 typologies carried out on each subsystem), a comparison of the trajectories of France and Japan from the point of view of the performances of the countries in the field of innovation and competitiveness, and the addition of a level of reflection related to the financial systems. 76 variables are mobilized. This thesis is built in 3 great parts made up each of 2 chapters : - We analyse innovation systems which include the institution beyond only field of science and of technology be characterize on the theoretical and statistics plans though the study of French, Japanese and ten other innovation systems. The problem of internationalization of innovation systems and of the national basis of these systems in a context of globalization and the methodology used in the comparative analysis. - The trajectory of French and Japanese innovation systems is then studied through a data analysis. The analyses of the first part are prolonged and we compare innovation systems at three dates to appreciate the convergence and the divergence of the countries. The internationalization of the systems is posed in the regional dimension. - Innovation systems tend finally both to converge and to maintain their specificities in particular as regards of their regional integration. One also insists on the analysis of these systems in an international "regime", the articulation of technological and financial dimensions, the taking into account of the supply international system