Relevant bibliographies by topics / Automation of metallographic preparation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Automation of metallographic preparation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Automation of metallographic preparation"

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Huang, Song Lin, and Jian Zhong Cui. "Application and Realization of Liquid Automatic Drip System with Metallographic Polishing." Advanced Materials Research 1014 (July 2014): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1014.45.

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Metallographic examination is one of the essential means of materials science research. Metallurgical polishing is a significant preparation before metallographic examination. In this paper, a polishing liquid automatic drip system was designed and related experiments were conducted. The results show that, as a secondary automation equipment of polishing process, polishing liquid automatically supply system can meet the requirements of metallurgical polishing, reduce the labor intensity, improve efficiency and also reduce the polishing liquid consumables waste. It also shows that automation and computerization in the field of material is not only feasible, but also essential for materials science research.
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Chopra, M. A., and R. W. Rauser. "Automatic metallographic preparation of low-concentration, directionally solidified lead-tin alloys." Materials Characterization 25, no. 3 (October 1990): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1044-5803(90)90060-w.

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Kopp, Wolf-Ulrich, and Günther Müller. "Prepamatic — eine Maschine zur vollautomatischen Anschliff- Präparation metallographischer Proben / Prepamatic — a Machine for the Fully Automatic Preparation of Metallographic Specimens." Practical Metallography 24, no. 7 (July 1, 1987): 336–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-1987-240705.

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López de Lacalle, Luis Norberto, Gorka Urbikain Pelayo, Ibon Azkona, Victor Verbiţchi, Radu Cojocaru, Lia Nicoleta Boţilă, Cristian Ciucă, Ion Aurel Perianu, and Miomir Vlascici. "Functional Layers of Aluminium Alloy on Steel Made by Alternative Friction Processes, for Elements of Metal Structures." Advanced Materials Research 1146 (April 2018): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1146.106.

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Coating of steel with aluminium alloy is needed for the execution of a functional layer for corrosion protection. Some experiments have been performed on square-section tubes (50 mm x 50 mm) of S235 steel, according to EN 10 025, to be coated with 1 mm thick sheets of EN AW 5754 aluminium alloy that have been previously bended as U shaped profiles. A new experimental model of specialized equipment has been used for certain experiments to make these functional layers of aluminium alloy on steel. Firstly, friction drilling and threading by form tapping, followed by screws-mounting without nuts have been used to make such joints. Several holes have been executed by a Ø4.3 friction drilling tool, then an M5 form tap was used for threading. For friction drilling, tools with 90% tungsten carbide content and 1 micron grain size were applied. By threading, TiN coated form taps have been used. Secondly, overlap friction stir welding (FSW) has been applied, to make a functional layer of aluminium alloy on a 50 mm x 50 mm S235 steel tube. The wings of the U profiles were overlapped. A quenched FSW tool, own-made of C 45 grade steel, EN 10083, has been used for these joining tests. The joining parameters are mentioned for each process. The run of each joining process is described and the joint test samples are presented. The appearance of the screw-mounted functional layers is appropriate. The metallographic analysis has revealed adequate form of the burr formed below the hole. The burr height is 2.5 – 3.2 mm. The pattern of the M5 thread is appropriate. No defects have been detected on the holes and threads. The appearance of the FSW functional layers is adequate. Metallographic analysis shows that FSW joints of the overlapped aluminium alloy sheets are adequate, because there is no gap between these sheets. There is only a narrow gap between the aluminium alloy bottom sheet and the wall of the steel tube, which proves an appropriate positioning of the two metals. No defects were detected, except for a weld flaw, as a small and isolated cavity, with a section less than 0.1 mm2, considered within the acceptance limit, according to EN 25239-5. The U shaped sheets of aluminium alloy are firmly fixed on the square steel tube, for both coating types. The mentioned processes are proposed to increase productivity in industrial technologies for series production. The processes addressed in this paper are more rapid than conventional processes. Adequate preparation of the parts to be welded, mechanization and automation allow repeatability and quality. The target applications are coated structure elements for devices, appliances, tools, welded structures or automobiles. The involved industrial areas of the applications are: manufacturing, electro-technique, construction and automotive industries. The presented processes are ecological, because they do not need lubricants or other toxic substances and do not produce chips or harmfull substances.
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Kachynskyi, Volodymyr, Michael Koval, and Volodymyr Klymenko. "DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY AND CREATION OF TEST EQUIPMENT FOR PRESSURE WELDING OF HIGH-LOAD THIN-WALLED HETEROGENEOUS STEEL TUBULAR PARTS." Science and Innovation 17, no. 4 (August 9, 2021): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/scine17.04.003.

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Introduction. Magnetically impelled arc butt welding (MIAB) method differs from the existing arc methods by high productivity, stable quality of welded joints, high degree of mechanization and automation of the technological process and so on. Welding is performed automatically, which significantly reduces the influence of theoperator-welder on the quality of welded joints. The optimal values of the magnetic field induction components for thin-walled tubular parts with a diameter of 212 mm are determined. The basic technological parameters on welding of tubular details in stationary conditions are defined, it is: qualitative preparation of end faces of pipes;optimal distribution of induction of the control magnetic field (CMF); arc voltage; the magnitude and order of programming the welding current; the rate of closure of the arc gap in the process of upset. The influence of liquid metal melt in the arc gap during upset on the formation of welded joints of pipes is determined. Metallographicstudies showed no defects in the weld line and a relatively small area of thermal impact. Mechanical properties of welded joints at the level of mechanical properties of the base metal. Studies have been conducted to determine theparameters that affect the stable movement of the arc along the thin-walled edges of tubular parts and the influence of liquid metal melt in the arc gap during heating on the formation of welded joints.Problem Statement. Pipes of small diameters (up to 220 mm) are used in various industrial enterprises and construction of pipelines. The work requires high-performance automatic welding methods that allow obtaining stable and reliable welded joints.Purpose. The purpose is to raise labor productivity and to save materials by using equipment and technology for press welding of magnetically controlled arc of thin-walled tubular parts.Materials and Methods. Steel thin-walled tubular parts with a diameter of 42mm and 212 mm, with a wall thickness of 2.5… 3 mm were used for research on press welding. To create a control magnetic field, magnetic systems for tubular parts with a diameter of 212 mm were developed. Experimental welding was performed andsamples of welded joints of pipes with a diameter of 212 mm with a wall thickness of 3 mm were investigated. In the course of the research, the main parameters are recorded and the welding process is controlled by computer. Results. The main technological parameters: preparation of pipe ends; magnitude and distribution of control magnetic field induction; the arc voltage; the magnitude and order of programming the welding current; the rateof closure of the arc gap during upset, which affects the formation of welds have been determined. The experimental industrial technology for welding of thin-walled tubular details with a diameter up to 212 mm for thepurpose of its industrial use and the concept of the welding equipment has been developed, patents for the invention have been received.Conclusions. The mechanical and metallographic tests have shown that the properties of welded joints are at the level of the properties of the base metal. The use of press welding technology for tubular parts increases productivity and automates the welding process. The influence of the bandwidth of the liquid molten metal in the arc gap, while heating, on the formation of welded joints of pipes has been experimentally established. The main technological parameters and their influence on the quality of welded joints in the process of heating, the ends, and the upset of thin-walled tubular parts have been determined. Experimental industrial technology for press welding of thin-walled tubular parts has been developed and industrial tests have been conducted, in accordance with the customer's requirements.
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Kelly, Ann M., Dan J. Thoma, Robert D. Field, Paul S. Dunn, and David F. Teter. "Metallographic preparation techniques for uranium." Journal of Nuclear Materials 353, no. 3 (July 2006): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.12.008.

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Voos, Patrick. "Metallographic Preparation for Electron Backscattered Diffraction." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.578.

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Electron Backscatter Diffraction measurement can provide much analytical information, such as the phase orientation or material identification. The “Quality” rating of the backscatter diffraction depends on the success rate of indexing. To achieve this, a deformation-free preparation is essential. In recent years most preparation methods have been optimized to contain on average only three to four sample preparation steps. The sample quality is excellent when reflected light microscopy is used. Due to the low information depth of the EBSD measurement (20-100nm), the standard method must be modified. The preparation method must remove the scratches and the underlying damage in order to obtain a high quality EBSD pattern. The optimization can be done by chemo-mechanical polishing, electrolytic polishing or vibratory polishing. Examples are used to show where the limits of the technologies are and to give helpful ‘Hints’ for EBSD sample preparation.
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Romberg, J., J. Freudenberger, J. Scharnweber, U. Gaitzsch, T. Marr, A. Eschke, U. Kühn, et al. "Metallographic Preparation of Aluminium-Titanium Composites." Practical Metallography 50, no. 11 (November 15, 2013): 739–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/147.110259.

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Voort, G. Vander, W. Van Geertruyden, S. Dillon, and E. Manilova. "Metallographic Preparation for Electron Backscattered Diffraction." Microscopy and Microanalysis 12, S02 (July 31, 2006): 1610–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927606069327.

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Milkereit, B., Y. Meißner, C. Ladewig, J. Osten, Q. Peng, B. Yang, A. Springer, and O. Keßler. "Metallographic Preparation of Single Powder Particles." Practical Metallography 58, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-2021-0009.

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Abstract This work developed a systematic method for a metallographic preparation of single powder particles with diameters of approx. 20 to 40 μm. It was motivated by the objective of understanding additive manufacturing processes such as Laser Powder Bed Fusion. A fundamental aspect of the relationship between manufacturing, structure, and properties is the correlation of rapid solidification and resulting microstructure. During powder-based additive manufacturing processes, cooling rates up to 1 MK/s are attained. A thermal analysis determining the characteristics of solidification at such rapid cooling rates can be performed with the aid of chip sensor-based, dynamic Differential Fast Scanning Calorimetry, DFSC. For this purpose, the heat flow during the solidification of single powder particles is measured and, for instance, the solidification onset temperature is evaluated as a function of cooling rate. It is thus possible to estimate the undercooling which has a significant impact on the resulting structure. Subsequently, cross sections of single powder particles must be prepared for the analysis of the resulting structure.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Automation of metallographic preparation"

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Čermák, Jan. "Návrh automatizovaného procesu elektrolytického leštění vzorků pro elektronový mikroskop." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444286.

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This diploma thesis deals with the automation of the electropolishing process, which is per-former as the last step in the preparation of metallographic samples intended for observation in an electron microscope. A complete hardware design of a single-purpose machine has been developed, which provides the automatic preperation of up to six samples per insertion. There was the design of a manipulator for sample handling together with chemically re-sistant sample holder suitable for automatic operation as a part of solution. The design of the whole machine was developed with regard to the safety of the operator. The thesis includes detailed 3D model of the device and the desing of an application for measurement in the LabVIEW. It describes the future working process of the machine, including a description of a software for controlling the machine and sending process data of each sample to the to the database in accordance with the principles of industry 4.0. In the conclusion, the achieved results and the proposal of further steps necessary for the realization of the machine are for-mulated.
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Johansson, Joel. "Design Automation Systems for Production Preparation : Applied on the Rotary Draw Bending Process." Licentiate thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping University, JTH, Mechanical Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-10673.

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Intensive competition on the global market puts great pressure on manufacturing companies to develop and produce products that meet requirements from customers and investors. One key factor in meeting these requirements is the efficiency of the product development and the production preparation process. Design automation is a powerful tool to increase efficiency in these two processes.

The benefits of automating the production preparation process are shortened led-time, improved product performance, and ultimately decreased cost. Further, automation is beneficial as it increases the ability to adapt products to new product specifications with production preparations done in few or in a single step. During the automation process, knowledge about the production preparation process is collected and stored in central systems, thus allowing full control over the design of production equipments.

Three main topics are addressed in this thesis: the flexibility of design automation systems, knowledge bases containing conflicting rules, and the automation of the finite element analysis process. These three topics are discussed in connection with the production preparation process of rotary draw bending.

One conclusion drawn from the research is that it is possible to apply the concept of design automation to the production preparation process at different levels of automation depending on characteristics of the implemented knowledge. In order to make design automation systems as flexible as possible, the concept of object orientation should be adapted when building the knowledge base and when building the products geometrical representations. It is possible to automate the process of setting up, running, and interpreting finite element analyses to a great extent and making the automated finite element analysis process a part of the global design automation system.

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Říčan, Daniel. "Návrh výroby tělesa plynového analyzátoru s využitím metody Direct Metal Laser Sintering." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229527.

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This master’s thesis deals with the possibility of manufacturing gas analyzer by Rapid Prototyping Technology and it with the method Direct Metal Laser Sintering. The theoretical part describes the current production of component in the Frentech Aerospace LLC and innovation with the DMSL method in the company Innomia Furthermore JSC. Then an analysis of the principle of single methods Rapid Prototyping, especially the method of Direct Metal Laser Sintering, is implemented. The aim of the experimental part is to compare the mechanical properties and material structures, conventional metallurgy and powder metallurgy. The thesis also contains a technical-economic evaluation comparing the manufacture of mechanical part by conventional and advanced additive technology.
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Medina, Deyber Arley Vargas. "Aplicações de robótica open-source na automatização do preparo de amostra para a análise cromatográfica de compostos orgânicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75135/tde-06022019-163042/.

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A crescente demanda por analises rápidas, simples e eco-fiendly tem feito da busca pela miniaturização e automatização dos procedimentos de preparo de amostra uma necessidade permanente na academia e na indústria. Atualmente, embora existam diversas técnicas miniaturizadas de preparo de amostra, estas ainda são utilizadas de forma manual na maioria das situações, pois o acesso às possibilidades de automatização em muitos laboratórios de química é ainda bastante limitado. Afortunadamente, as plataformas de robótica Open-Source estão se tornado uma alternativa interessante no desenvolvimento lab made de todo tipo de instrumentos e sistemas automatizados. Esta tese apresenta três exemplos de desenvolvimento no laboratóriode sistemas robotizados para a automatização de técnicas miniaturizadas de preparo de amostras. Num primeiro estudo, foi projetado, construído e programado um robô cartesiano capaz de operar simultaneamente seis microsseringas de extração. Este sistema foi posto à prova na automatização da microextração por sorvente empacotado (MEPS) e validado na extração de HPAs em amostras de esgoto sanitário, demostrando alta precisão, exatidão e frequência de análise. Um segundo robô cartesiano, equipado com uma única unidade de extração, foi projetado, construído e programado para conseguir pela primeira vez a integração on-line da microextração em fase liquida (LPME) com a análise mediante cromatografia líquida. Este sistema possibilitou o desenvolvimento de um método para determinação de triazinas, com tempo de total de análise de 10 minutos, incluindo o preparo da amostra e a separação/detecção dos analitos. Finalmente, por integração de técnicas em fluxo, ferramentas de robótica Open-Source e impressão 3D, a microextração líquido-líquido dispersiva baseada na solidificação da fase orgânica (DLLME-SFO) foi completamente automatizada pela primeira vez. O sistema assim desenvolvido foi validado no desenvolvimento de um método para a determinação de parabenos em produtos de cuidado pessoal, águas, urina e saliva, demostrando de esta forma, o grande potencial das tecnologias modernas no desenvolvimento de novos, versáteis e eficientes sistemas automatizados nos laboratórios de química.
The growing demand for rapid, simple and eco-friendly analyzes has made the search for miniaturization and automation of sample preparation procedures a permanent necessity. Although, nowadays there are a number of miniaturized sample preparation techniques, they are used manually in most situations. The access to automation tools is limited yet, in many chemistry laboratories. Fortunately, Open-Source robotics platforms have become an interesting alternative in the lab-made development lab made instruments and automated systems. This thesis presents three examples of laboratory development of robotic systems for the automation of miniaturized sample preparation techniques. In a first study, a cartesian robot capable of simultaneously operating six extraction microsystems was designed, constructed and programmed. This system was tested in the automation of microextraction by packaged sorbent (MEPS) and validated in the extraction of HPAs in sanitary sewage samples, demonstrating high accuracy and throughput analysis. A second cartesian robot, equipped with a single extraction unit, was designed, constructed and programmed to accomplish for the first time the online integration of the liquid phase microextraction (LPME) and the liquid chromatography analysis. This system allowed the development of a method for the determination of triazines, with an analysis time of 10 minutes, including sample preparation and separation / detection of the analytes. Finally, by integrating flow techniques, Open-Source robotics tools and 3D printing, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) was completely automated for the first time. The developed system was validated in the development of a method for the determination of parabens in personal care products, water, urine and saliva, thus demonstrating the great potential of modern technologies in the development of new, versatile and efficient automated systems in chemistry laboratories.
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Dammann, Maximilian Peter, Wolfgang Steger, and Ralph Stelzer. "Automatisierung des Datenaufbereitungsprozesses für AR/VR-Anwendungen im Engineering." Thelem Universitätsverlag & Buchhandlung GmbH & Co. KG, 2021. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75935.

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Die Produktvisualisierung in AR/VR-Anwendungen erfordert einen weitgehend manuellen Prozess der Datenaufbereitung. Bisherige Veröffentlichungen konzentrieren sich auf die fehlerfreie Triangulation oder Transformation von Produktstrukturdaten und Anzeigeattributen für AR/VR-Anwendungen. Diese Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die Aufbereitung der benötigten Geometriedaten. In diesem Zusammenhang kann durch Automatisierung eine deutliche Aufwandsreduzierung erreicht werden. Die Schritte der Geometrieaufbereitung werden identifiziert und auf ihr Automatisierungspotenzial hin untersucht. Darüber hinaus werden mögliche Kopplungen von Teilschritten diskutiert. Es wird eine Struktur für den Geometrieaufbereitungsprozess vorgeschlagen. Mit diesem strukturierten Prozess wird es möglich, die verfügbare Rechenleistung der Zielplattform bei der Geometrieaufbereitung zu berücksichtigen. Die Anzahl der zu rendernden Objekte, die Qualität der Tesselierung und der Detailgrad können durch die automatisierte Wahl der Transformationsparameter gesteuert werden. Es wird ein Software-Tool vorgestellt, in dem Teile der automatischen Aufbereitung bereits implementiert sind. Nach einer Analyse der Produktstruktur einer CAD-Datei wird die Transformation für jede Komponente (Bauteil oder Baugruppe) durchgeführt. Bisher implementierte Funktionen erlauben z.B. die Auswahl von Komponenten anhand von Filteroptionen, die Transformation im Batch-Modus, das Entfernen bestimmter Details und die Erstellung von UV-Maps. Flexibilität, Transformationsqualität und Zeitersparnis werden beschrieben und diskutiert.
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Kuijpers, Nicola. "Système autonome de sécurité lors de la préparation d'un repas pour les personnes cognitivement déficientes dans un habitat intelligent pour la santé." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS436/document.

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Dans les pays développés tels que le Canada ou la France, la population est vieillissante et le nombre de personnes atteintes de déficiences cognitives augmente en conséquence. Ces troubles ont des conséquences sur les activités de la vie quotidienne pour les personnes qui en souffrent. Selon l’autonomie de ces personnes et la sévérité de leur déficience, un hébergement en centre spécialisé peut être envisagé. Ces centres spécialisés représentent souvent un coût financier énorme tant pour la personne que pour la société. Afin de limiter ces coûts, une solution alternative a émergé : les habitats domotiques. Ce sont des habitats dans lesquels un ensemble de technologies permet de pallier aux déficiences des personnes et de leur donner une autonomie accrue. L’activité de préparation d’un repas est une activité complexe qui peut présenter des risques variés pour des personnes atteintes de déficiences. Ces personnes vivent rarement seules, il faut tenir compte qu’un public varié puisse bénéficier du système. Ces habitats sont généralement déjà équipés d’appareils, il devient nécessaire pour le système de pouvoir s’adapter à ces appareils existants. L’objectif de ces travaux est la réalisation d’un prototype permettant d’assurer la sécurité lors de l’activité de la préparation d’un repas par des personnes atteintes de la maladie d’Alzheimer et ses aidants (professionnels ou naturels). Ce prototype doit s’adapter au profil des usagers, de son environnement et du matériel sur lequel il est déployé. Pour ce faire, le système, basé sur un système multi agent, applique des règles de sécurité qui se personnalisent par le biais du profil médical des usagers. Nos travaux ont été menés au sein de deux laboratoires, qui chacun, disposent d’appareils de cuisine différents dans leurs habitats intelligents pour la santé. Le système a pu être testé dans ces deux environnements, son adaptation vis-à-vis d’une clientèle variée et pour plusieurs risques de sécurité à travers des scénarios d’usage. Les résultats de ces expérimentations ont permis de montrer que le prototype répond bien aux objectifs visés
In developed countries such as Canada or France, the population is ageing and the number of people with disabilities increases. Those disabilities have an impact on their activities of daily living. According to the severity of the disability and the independance of those people, a placement in a specialized institution can be considered. Those institutions often represent huge financial costs for the people as for society. In order to reduce those costs, smart homes are an alternative solution. Smart homes make it possible for people to compensate their disabilities and increase their independance through a set of technologies. Preparing a meal is a complex activity can present various risks for those people. These people rarely live alone, and it must be taken into account that a varied public can use the system. Homes are usually already equipped with appliances, it is necessary for the system to adapt itself to these devices. This work aims the implementation of a prototype ensuring the safety of people with Alzheimer during meal preparation and their caregivers (natural or professional). The prototype must adapt itself to the user’s profiles, its environment and the appliances on which it is deployed. In order to do this, the system, based on a multi agent system, applies safety rules that are customizable through the users’ medical profiles. This work is carried out in two laboratories, each with distinct kitchen appliances in their smart home. The system had been tested in both environments, its adaptation towards different users and for several safety rules through use cases. The results of these experiments showed that the prototype meets the objectives
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Neduchal, Bronislav. "Povrchové kalení litiny s kuličkovým grafitem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417081.

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This diploma thesis is focused on the surface hardening of cast irons with spheroidal graphite. The work describes a theoretical analysis of the structure and properties of cast irons and individual methods suitable for surface hardening. The practical part describes the production of cast iron castings with spheroidal graphite, on which the surface hardening is performed, tensile test, hardening of produced castings by induction and laser surface hardening, preparation of samples for measuring microhardness and metallographic analysis of metal structures.
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Irshad, Muhammad Aatif. "The effect of prior austenite grain size on the machinability of a pre-hardened mold steel. : Measurement of average grain size using experimental methods and empirical models." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för maskin- och materialteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-8777.

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The use of pre-hardened mold steels has increased appreciably over the years; more than 80% of the plastic mold steels are used in pre-hardened condition. These steels are delivered to the customer in finished state i.e. there is no need of any post treatment. With hardness around ~40HRC, they have properties such as good polishability, good weldability, corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity. Machinability is a very important parameter in pre-hardened mold steels as it has a direct impact on the cost of the mold. In normal machining operations involving intricate or near net shapes, machining constitutes around 60% of the total mold cost. Efforts are underway to explore every possible way to reduce costs associated with machining and to make production more economical. All the possible parameters which are considered to affect the machinability are being investigated by the researchers. This thesis work focuses on the effect of prior austenite grain size on the machinability of pre-hardened mold steel (Uddeholm Nimax).  Austenitizing temperatures and holding times were varied to obtain varying grain sized microstructures in different samples of the same material. As it was difficult to delineate prior-austenite grain boundaries, experimental and empirical methods were employed to obtain reference values. These different grain sized samples were thereafter subjected to machining tests, using two sets of cutting parameters. Maximum flank wear depth=0.2mm was defined for one series of test which were more akin to rough machining, and machining length of 43200mm or maximum wear depth=0.2mm were defined for second series of tests which were similar to finishing machining. The results were obtained after careful quantative and qualitative analysis of cutting tools. The results obtained for Uddeholm Nimax seemed to indicate that larger grain sized material was easier to machine. However, factors such as retained austenite content and work hardening on machined surface, which lead to degradation of machining operations were also taken into consideration. Uddeholm Nimax showed better machinability in large grained samples as retained austenite(less than 2%) content was minimal in the large grained sample. Small grained sample in Uddeholm Nimax had a higher retained austenite (7+2%) which resulted in degradation of machining operation and a lesser cutting tool life.
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Breton, Francois. "Development of novel spme coatings and high-throughput automation of sample preparation for pharmaceutical and clinical samples." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4888.

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Increasing the efficiency of the methods used through the development and trial of novel pharmaceutical compounds is an important step to reduce the time required to develop new medical treatments. Before a drug can be used, multiple analyses are required to obtain their physical, chemical and biopharmaceutical properties. The aim of this thesis will be to show that SPME can be an advantageous technique in the field of pharmaceutical development due to its use both as a tool to determine the physical properties of drugs and to facilitate clinical development by easily and cheaply providing high-throughput analysis of compounds in biological fluids. It will be demonstrated that a novel coating of triacontyl is capable of rapid equilibrium while providing enhanced sensitivity towards benzodiazepines when compared to shorter chain alkyl extraction phases. The same extraction phase will prove capable of providing a rapid determination of the hydrophobicity of structurally diverse β-blocker drugs while maintaining the use of solvents and analyte to a minimum. We will then show the possibility to produce large quantities of fibers using a robotic apparatus for high-throughput handling of samples. The 96 fiber plate produced will then be used to analyze the target drug loratadine in human plasma using the same apparatus.
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Vuckovic, Dajana. "Solid-phase microextraction as sample preparation method for metabolomics." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5106.

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The main objective of the emerging field of metabolomics is the analysis of all small molecule metabolites present in a particular living system in order to provide better understanding of dynamic processes occurring in living systems. This type of studies is of interest in various fields including systems biology, medicine and drug discovery. The main requirements for sample preparation methods used in global metabolomic studies are lack of selectivity, incorporation of a metabolism quenching step and good reproducibility. The efficiency of metabolism quenching and stability of analytes in selected biofluid or tissue dictate how accurately the analytical results represent true metabolome composition at the time of sampling. However, complete quenching of metabolism is not easily accomplished, so sample preparation can significantly affect metabolome's composition and the quality of acquired metabolomics data. In this research, the feasibility of the use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) in direct extraction mode for global metabolomic studies of biological fluids based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was investigated for the first time. Initial research presented in this thesis focused on resolving several outstanding issues regarding the use of SPME for the analysis of biological fluids. SPME was not simultaneously capable to provide high-sample throughput and high degree of automation when coupled to LC-MS. This was successfully addressed through the development and evaluation of a new robotic station based on a 96-well plate format and an array of 96 SPME fibres. The parallel format of extraction and desorption allowed increased sample throughput of >1000 samples/day which represents the highest throughput of any SPME technique to date. This exceeds sample throughput requirements for a typical metabolomics study whereby ~100 samples/day are processed. SPME can also be used for direct in vivo sampling of flowing blood of an animal without the need to isolate a defined sample volume. This format of SPME is particularly attractive for metabolomic studies as it decreases the overall number of steps and also eliminates the need for metabolism quenching step because only small molecular weight species are extracted by the device, whereas large biological macromolecules such as proteins are not extracted by the coating. In current work, in vivo SPME sampling was successfully applied for sampling of mice for the first time. The proposed sampling procedure was fully validated against traditional terminal and serial sampling approaches for a pharmacokinetic study of carbamazepine and its metabolite. Excellent agreement of pharmacokinetic parameters such as systemic clearance, steady-state volume of distribution and terminal half-life was found for all three methods, with no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). The performance of new prototype commercial SPME devices based on hypodermic needle was also evaluated within the context of the study. The availability of such single-use devices with excellent inter-fibre reproducibility (<10% RSD) presents an important step forward in order to gain wider acceptance of in vivo SPME sampling. Finally, existing SPME coatings were not suitable for the simultaneous direct extraction of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic species, which is one of the requirements for a successful global metabolomics study. To address this issue, a systematic study of 40 types of commercially available sorbents was carried out using a metabolite standard test mixture spanning a wide molecular weight (80-777 Da) and polarity range (log P range of -5 to 7.4). The best performance for balanced extraction of species of varying polarity was achieved by (i) mixed-mode coating containing octadecyl or octyl group and benzenesulfonic acid ion exchange group, (ii) polar-enhanced polystyrene-divinylbenzene polymeric coatings and (iii) phenylboronic acid coatings. The second aspect of the research focused on the evaluation of SPME for a global metabolomics study of human plasma using two complementary LC-MS methods developed on benchtop Orbitrap MS system: reverse-phase method using pentafluorophenyl LC stationary phase and HILIC method using underivatized silica stationary phase. The parameters influencing overall method sensitivity such as voltages, mass ranges and ion inject times into C-trap were optimized to ensure best instrument performance for global metabolomic studies. Orbitrap system provided a powerful platform for metabolomics because of its high resolution and mass accuracy, thus helping to distinguish between metabolites with same nominal mass. The acquisition speed of the instrument at the highest resolution setting was insufficient for use with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), so all methods were developed using conventional LC. However, overall metabolite coverage achieved in current study compared well or even exceeded metabolite coverage reported in literature on different LC-MS or UHPLC-MS platforms including time-of-flight, quadrupole time-of-flight and hybrid Orbitrap instruments. The performance of SPME was fully compared versus traditional methods for global metabolomics (plasma protein precipitation and ultrafiltration). The main findings of this systematic study show that SPME provides improved coverage of hydrophobic metabolites versus ultrafiltration and reduces ionization suppression effects observed with both plasma protein precipitation and ultrafiltration methods. Using SPME, <5% and <20% of peaks showed significant matrix effects in reverse phase and HILIC methods, respectively and the observed effects were mostly correlated to elution within retention time window of anticoagulant for the majority of metabolites showing this effect. This improves overall quality of collected metabolomics data and can also improve metabolite coverage. For example, the highest number of metabolite features (3320 features) was observed using SPME in combination with negative ESI reverse-phase LC method, while in positive ESI mode plasma protein precipitation with methanol/ethanol mixture provided the most comprehensive metabolite coverage (3245 features versus 1821 features observed for SPME). Method precision of SPME method was excellent as evaluated using median RSD (11-18% RSD) of all metabolites detected. A proof-of-concept in vivo SPME study was also performed on mice to study the effects of carbamazepine administration and shows that SPME can be used as successful sample preparation method for global metabolomic studies in combination with unsupervised statistical data analysis techniques. This study highlights important advantages of in vivo sampling approaches including the ability to capture short-lived and/or unstable metabolites, to achieve truer representation of the metabolome at the time of sampling than achievable by blood withdrawal methods and the ability to use smaller animal cohorts while obtaining highly-relevant data sets. The experimental results provide new and useful insight into the effects of different sample preparation methods on the collected metabolomics data, and establish both in vitro and in vivo SPME as a new tool for global LC-MS metabolomics analysis for the first time.
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Books on the topic "Automation of metallographic preparation"

1

Surface preparation and microscopy of materials. Chichester [England]: Wiley, 1992.

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Metallographic and materialographic specimen preparation, light microscopy, image analysis, and hardness testing. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2006.

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Lockley, A. J. Metallographic preparation of Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube material for examination of inclusions. Chalk River, Ont: Reactor Materials Division, Chalk River Laboratories, 1994.

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Geels, K., DB Fowler, W.-U. Kopp, and M. Rückert, eds. Metallographic and Materialographic Specimen Preparation, Light Microscopy, Image Analysis and Hardness Testing. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/mnl46-eb.

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Lockley, A. J. Metallographic preparation of ZR-2.5Nb pressure tube material for examination of inclusions. Chalk River, Ont: Chalk River Laboratories, 1994.

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Vlasov, K. P. Osnovy avtomaticheskogo upravlenii͡a︡ tekhnologicheskimi prot͡s︡essami obogashchenii͡a︡ ugli͡a︡. Moskva: "Nedra", 1985.

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High throughput bioanalytical sample preparation: Methods and automation strategies. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2003.

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Salama, Ahmed I. A. Canadian coal preparation process-control research and development directions. [Ottawa]: CANMET, Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology, Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, 1988.

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Rehmus, Paul. Overview of the Warrior Preparation Center's joint warrior exercises. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1987.

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International, Strategic Directions. Laboratory sample preparation techniques: Breaking the productivity bottleneck. Los Angeles: Strategic Directions International, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Automation of metallographic preparation"

1

Taulli, Tom. "Data Preparation." In The Robotic Process Automation Handbook, 195–216. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-5729-6_9.

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Xue, Gang, and K. Rick Lung. "Automation and Sample Preparation." In Sample Preparation of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 285–307. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9631-2_12.

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Cemprola, Michael, Andrew VanBezooijen, and Leonard O’Leary. "Metallographic Preparation and Characterization of Thermal Barrier Coatings." In 100 Years of E04 Development of Metallographic Standards, 21–36. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp160720170217.

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Yu, Haixuan, Yuan Lu, Yangzi Xu, and Richard D. Sisson. "The Effect of Surface Preparation on Retained Austenite Measurement." In 100 Years of E04 Development of Metallographic Standards, 12–20. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp160720170210.

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Loos, H. A. "Standardization Procedures Required by Automation of Blood Component Preparation." In Automation in blood transfusion, 105–7. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2027-3_12.

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Martin, Alice O., Michael Shaunnessey, Howard Sabrin, Sheri Maremont, Alan Dyer, Michael C. Cimino, Amy Rissman, et al. "Evaluation and Development of a System for Automated Preparation of Blood Specimens for Cytogenetic Analysis." In Automation of Cytogenetics, 149–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74738-0_13.

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Kornilova, A., E. Acri, and N. N. Pronina. "Automation of Design and Technological Preparation of Repair Works." In Current Achievements, Challenges and Digital Chances of Knowledge Based Economy, 347–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47458-4_41.

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Lecouat, François, and Jean-Michel Darroy. "Tools for Operations Preparation and Automation: The Opsware Approach." In Space Technology Proceedings, 311–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9395-3_40.

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Manchanda, Sanjeev. "Automation of Bid Proposal Preparation Through AI Smart Assistant." In Data Management, Analytics and Innovation, 45–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2934-1_3.

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Kłos, Sławomir. "The Impact of an ERP System on the Technical Preparation of Production." In Recent Advances in Automation, Robotics and Measuring Techniques, 115–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05353-0_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Automation of metallographic preparation"

1

Blann, G. A. "The Effects of Manual vs. Semi-Automatic Metallographic Specimen Preparation of Thermally Sprayed Coatings." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0965.

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Abstract If the microstructure of thermally sprayed coatings is to be accurately evaluated, proper metallographic specimen preparation techniques need to be utilized to reveal the true coating characteristics. Variations of the materials used and the method of application on a substrate requires variations in the metallographic preparation procedure. The ASTM and Best Recommended Practices Committee of TSS are developing metallographic standards for thermally sprayed coatings using semi-automatic or automatic preparation equipment There are laboratories that continue to prepare coating specimens manually due to an inability to upgrade their equipment, and they must meet industry standards of evaluation. The purpose of this paper is to assist these laboratories in manual preparation that will enable them to produce accurate coating characteristics.
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Reiter, Katja, and Hans Bundgaard. "Failure Analysis of Electronic and Microelectronic Components with a New Automatic Target Preparation System." In ISTFA 2005. ASM International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2005p0327.

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Abstract Based on the requirements regarding target, reproducibility, and specimen surface quality, an automatic system for controlled material removal and target preparation has been developed. The tool is for metallographic failure analysis of electric and microelectronic components, and provides an accuracy of 5 micrometer. This article presents details of sample preparation and device evaluation methods. The images presented show typical objects of examination in the analysis of microstructures and materials in the electronics packaging industry with brief comments. For automatically controlled material removal and preparation, the tool offers alignment and measuring of the sample prior to the preparation. The desired preparation layers were achieved precisely and reproducibly with several specimens of the same kind. The automatic preparation system allowed the preparation of critical samples within a short time, with high precision and with excellent reproducibility.
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Sugimoto, Takuya, Eriko Aiba, and Akihiko Goto. "Comparison of Different Grinding Sound During Metallographic Preparation." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36631.

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The carburizing process requires metallurgical inspection by means of ground metallurgical mounts. Grinding process for a metallurgical mount is an important process. In this study, we investigate the difference in the outcome of the sound during the grinding process between an expert and a non-expert execution. We aim to identify the evaluation criteria in grinding technique based on the sound information, in order to establish more efficient training method for acquiring the grinding techniques for non-expert inspectors. As a result, we found the factor in the sound that are essential for the efficient grinding.
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Kharlanova, E., S. Lafrenière, G. E. Kim, and T. A. Brzezinski. "Development of Tailored Metallographic Preparation Techniques for Thermally Sprayed Coatings." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p0967.

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Abstract In order to properly characterize the entire deposition process, evaluation of the coating, including a reliable metallographic preparation technique which reveals the true microstructure, must be performed. Often, recommended metallographic sample preparation methods for thermally sprayed coatings are generic and are not tailored to specific materials. They are time-consuming and, in some cases, may provide inaccurate details (pull-outs, smearing, etc). This could lead to a wrong interpretation of the coating quality. The aim of the investigation was to develop new metallographic sample preparation procedures tailored to different types of coatings (metallic, ceramic, multilayer and composites), in order to reveal a more representative microstructure. A comparative study of different preparation procedures for the examination of various as-sprayed coatings is presented using an optical microscope. The coatings were deposited by atmospheric and vacuum plasma spray (APS and VPS) and high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) processes. A separate approach is recommended for choosing the right metallographic preparation procedure for ceramic, metallic, or composite coatings. Applied load and positioning of the mounted sample during preparation are identified as key factors in developing proper procedures. The microhardness of the coating must be considered when determining the applied load. Interesting practical trends in preparation procedures that may lead to superior coating representation and, in some instances, cost and time savings are presented.
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Tkachenko, Anton, Maik Mueller, Thomas Zerna, and Klaus-Juergen Wolter. "Influence of metallographic preparation on EBSD characterization of Cu wire bonds." In 2010 3rd Electronic System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/estc.2010.5642846.

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Sugimoto, Takuya, Toshihiko Sakamoto, Yoshiaki Kuwahara, Tetsushi Koshino, Atsushi Endo, Yuka Takai, and Akihiko Goto. "Comparison of Different Preparation Processes and Final Surface Finishes of Metallographic Specimens." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63971.

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The carburizing process requires metallurgical inspection by means of polished metallurgical mounts. Metallographic preparation for a metallurgical mount is an important process. The purpose of this study is to clarify the differences between expert and nonexpert executions of the grinding and polishing process and the consequent polished surface finishes. Three inspectors with 0.5, 2 and 20 years of experience in metallographic preparation were interviewed and their processes analyzed. As a result of the process analysis, the differences between an expert and a nonexpert were determined.
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Panchenko, Iuliana, Maik Mueller, and Klaus-Juergen Wolter. "Metallographic preparation of the SnAgCu solders for optical microscopy and EBSD Investigations." In 2010 33rd International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isse.2010.5547252.

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Tkachenko, Anton, Maik Mueller, Thomas Zerna, and Klaus-Juergen Wolter. "Influence of metallographic preparation on electron backscatter diffraction characterization of copper wire bonds." In 2010 33rd International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isse.2010.5547258.

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Sauer, J. P. "Metallographic Preparation of Thermal Spray Coatings: Coating Sensitivity and the Effect of Polishing Intangibles." In ITSC 1996, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1996p0777.

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Abstract The heterogeneous or composite nature of the thermal spray deposit can make choosing a metallographic preparation process very difficult. Hard vs. soft phases, brittle ceramics, and mixtures of many phases can create a variety of issues. When a procedure is developed, it becomes a necessity to document all the parameters or intangibles that define the process. Examples of procedure definition will be discussed and a suggested list of critical intangibles such as polishing abrasives (concentration vs. frequency of application), lubricant (pH, type), and many other factors will be highlighted.
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He, Xue-Mei, Tao Shen, Shou-Xu Wang, Yuan-Ming Chen, Huai-Wu Zhang, Li-Jun Gong, Bei Chen, and Wei He. "Preparation of PMMA/PGMA Blend to Apply for Metallographic Cross Section of Printed Circuit Board." In 3rd Annual International Conference on Advanced Material Engineering (AME 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ame-17.2017.46.

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Reports on the topic "Automation of metallographic preparation"

1

Catalano, James E., and Laszlo J. Kecskes. A Generic Metallographic Preparation Method for Magnesium Alloys. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada585245.

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Ratchford, Joshua B., Bruce A. Poese, Cynthia L. Lundgren, Jan L. Allen, and Jeff Wolfenstine. Synthesis, Elemental Analysis, and Metallographic Preparation of Lithium (Li)-Silicon (Si) Alloys. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada553965.

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Tan, H. Automation and integration of multiplexed on-line sample preparation with capillary electrophoresis for DNA sequencing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/355039.

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