Academic literature on the topic 'Automatic test cell'
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Journal articles on the topic "Automatic test cell"
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Yan, Jin, Feng Lin, Zhen Zhou Ye, and Jian Wen Shao. "The Design of Automated Parking Brake Performance Test Equipment." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 2551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.2551.
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In order to test the parking brake performance of in-use vehicle, in this research, we designed a set of automated test system which could calculate the parking brake performance. The automated test system which was composed of four parts: vehicles weighing device, automatic traction gear, force cell, and intelligent control unit would calculate the braking force based on the traction force and the total mass of the vehicle. The results indicate that this test equipment is found to be convenient application, small floor coverage and reliable.
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Feng, Xiaozhen, Yiping Cao, Kuang Peng, and Cheng Chen. "An online identity authentication method for blood smear." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 09, no. 06 (August 2016): 1550039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179354581550039x.
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Blood smear test is the basic method of blood cytology and is also a standard medical test that can help diagnose various conditions and diseases. Morphological examination is the gold standard to determine pathological changes in blood cell morphology. In the biology and medicine automation trend, blood smears' automated management and analysis is very necessary. An online blood smear automatic microscopic image detection system has been constructed. It includes an online blood smear automatic producing part and a blood smear automatic microscopic image detection part. Online identity authentication is at the core of the system. The identifiers printed online always present dot matrix digit code (DMDC) whose stroke is not continuous. Considering the particularities of DMDC and the complexities of online application environment, an online identity authentication method for blood smear with heterological theory is proposed. By synthesizing the certain regional features according to the heterological theory, high identification accuracy and high speed have been guaranteed with few features required. In the experiment, the sufficient correct matches between the tube barcode and the identification result verified its feasibility and validity.
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Jou, Hei-Jen, Li-Yun Chou, Wen-Chun Chang, Hsin-Cheng Ho, Wan-Ting Zhang, Pei-Ying Ling, Ko-Hsin Tsai, et al. "An Automatic Platform Based on Nanostructured Microfluidic Chip for Isolating and Identification of Circulating Tumor Cells." Micromachines 12, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12050473.
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Circulating tumor cell (CTC) test is currently used as a biomarker in cancer treatment. Unfortunately, the poor reproducibility and limited sensitivity with the CTC detection have limited its potential impact on clinical application. A reliable automated CTC detection system is therefore needed. We have designed an automated microfluidic chip-based CTC detection system and hypothesize this novel system can reliably detect CTC from clinical specimens. SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line was used first to test the reliability of our system. Ten healthy volunteers, 5 patients with benign ovarian tumors, and 8 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) were recruited to validate the CTC capturing efficacy in the peripheral blood. The capture rates for spiking test in SKOV3 cells were 48.3% and 89.6% by using anti-EpCAM antibody alone and a combination of anti-EpCAM antibody and anti-N-cadherin antibody, respectively. The system was sensitive to detection of low cell count and showed a linear relationship with the cell counts in our test range. The sensitivity and specificity were 62.5% and 100% when CTC was used as a biomarker for EOC. Our results demonstrated that this automatic CTC platform has a high capture rate and is feasible for detection of CTCs in EOC.
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Ranefall, Petter, Kenneth Wester, Ann-Catrin Andersson, Christer Busch, and Ewert Bengtsson. "Automatic Quantification of Immunohistochemically Stained Cell Nuclei Based on Standard Reference Cells." Analytical Cellular Pathology 17, no. 2 (1998): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/195432.
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A fully automatic method for quantification of images of immunohistochemically stained cell nuclei by computing area proportions, is presented. Agarose embedded cultured fibroblasts were fixed, paraffin embedded and sectioned at 4 µm. They were then stained together with 4 µm sections of the test specimen obtained from bladder cancer material.A colour based classifier is automatically computed from the control cells. The method was tested on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue section material, stained with monoclonal antibodies against the Ki67 antigen and cyclin A protein. Ki67 staining results in a detailed nuclear texture with pronounced nucleoli and cyclin A staining is obtained in a more homogeneously distributed pattern.However, different staining patterns did not seem to influence labelling index quantification, and the sensitivity to variations in light conditions and choice of areas within the control population was low. Thus, the technique represents a robust and reproducible quantification method.In tests measuring proportions of stained area an average standard deviation of about 1.5% for the same field was achieved when classified with classifiers created from different control samples.
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Ranefall, Petter, Kenneth Wester, and Ewert Bengtsson. "Automatic Quantification of Immunohistochemically Stained Cell Nuclei Using Unsupervised Image Analysis." Analytical Cellular Pathology 16, no. 1 (1998): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/608293.
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A method for quantification of images of immunohistochemically stained cell nuclei by computing area proportions is presented. The image is transformed by a principal component transform. The resulting first component image is used to segment the objects from the background using dynamic thresholding of theP2/A‐histogram, whereP2/Ais a global roundness measure. Then the image is transformed into principal component hue, defined as the angle around the first principal component. This image is used to segment positive and negative objects. The method is fully automatic and the principal component approach makes it robust with respect to illumination and focus settings. An independent test set consisting of images grabbed with different focus and illumination for each field of view was used to test the method, and the proposed method showed less variation than the intraoperator variation using supervised Maximum Likelihood classification.
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Gao, Zhan, Min-Chun Hu, Santosh Malagi, Joe Swenton, Jos Huisken, Kees Goossens, and Erik Jan Marinissen. "Reducing Library Characterization Time for Cell-aware Test while Maintaining Test Quality." Journal of Electronic Testing 37, no. 2 (April 2021): 161–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10836-021-05943-3.
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AbstractCell-aware test (CAT) explicitly targets faults caused by defects inside library cells to improve test quality, compared with conventional automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) approaches, which target faults only at the boundaries of library cells. The CAT methodology consists of two stages. Stage 1, based on dedicated analog simulation, library characterization per cell identifies which cell-level test pattern detects which cell-internal defect; this detection information is encoded in a defect detection matrix (DDM). In Stage 2, with the DDMs as inputs, cell-aware ATPG generates chip-level test patterns per circuit design that is build up of interconnected instances of library cells. This paper focuses on Stage 1, library characterization, as both test quality and cost are determined by the set of cell-internal defects identified and simulated in the CAT tool flow. With the aim to achieve the best test quality, we first propose an approach to identify a comprehensive set, referred to as full set, of potential open- and short-defect locations based on cell layout. However, the full set of defects can be large even for a single cell, making the time cost of the defect simulation in Stage 1 unaffordable. Subsequently, to reduce the simulation time, we collapse the full set to a compact set of defects which serves as input of the defect simulation. The full set is stored for the diagnosis and failure analysis. With inspecting the simulation results, we propose a method to verify the test quality based on the compact set of defects and, if necessary, to compensate the test quality to the same level as that based on the full set of defects. For 351 combinational library cells in Cadence’s GPDK045 45nm library, we simulate only 5.4% defects from the full set to achieve the same test quality based on the full set of defects. In total, the simulation time, via linear extrapolation per cell, would be reduced by 96.4% compared with the time based on the full set of defects.
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Wang, Qing, Xue Zhe Wei, and Hai Feng Dai. "Hardware-in-Loop Test Platform for Electric Vehicle Cell Battery Management System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 2398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.2398.
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This article introduces a Hardware-In-Loop test platform for electric vehicle Cell Battery Management System (BMS). At first, system structure of test method is projected to make requests for a battery emulator which is the main work of test platform. Then hardware is designed to simulate the input and output signals of BMS. The model for Lithium-ion battery, hardware driver and relative algorithm are built in Matlab/Simulink. After the model is validated, automatic code generation is performed. The code is downloaded to hardware platform. This platform enables validation of BMS instead of using real batteries.
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Tsakiroglou, Anna Maria, Martin Fergie, Ken Oguejiofor, Kim Linton, David Thomson, Peter L. Stern, Susan Astley, Richard Byers, and Catharine M. L. West. "Spatial proximity between T and PD-L1 expressing cells as a prognostic biomarker for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma." British Journal of Cancer 122, no. 4 (December 6, 2019): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41416-019-0634-z.
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Abstract Background Fulfilling the promise of cancer immunotherapy requires novel predictive biomarkers to characterise the host immune microenvironment. Deciphering the complexity of immune cell interactions requires an automated multiplex approach to histological analysis of tumour sections. We tested a new automatic approach to select tissue and quantify the frequencies of cell-cell spatial interactions occurring in the PD1/PD-L1 pathway, hypothesised to reflect immune escape in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Methods Single sections of diagnostic biopsies from 72 OPSCC patients were stained using multiplex immunofluorescence (CD8, PD1, PD-L1, CD68). Following multispectral scanning and automated regions-of-interest selection, the Hypothesised Interaction Distribution (HID) method quantified spatial proximity between cells. Method applicability was tested by investigating the prognostic significance of co-localised cells (within 30 μm) in patients stratified by HPV status. Results High frequencies of proximal CD8+ and PD-L1+ (HR 2.95, p = 0.025) and PD1+ and PD-L1+ (HR 2.64, p = 0.042) cells were prognostic for poor overall survival in patients with HPV negative OPSCC (n = 31). Conclusion The HID method can quantify spatial interactions considered to reflect immune escape and generate prognostic information in OPSCC. The new automated approach is ready to test in additional cohorts and its applicability should be explored in research and clinical studies.
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ZATTOUTA, B., and L. MESSIKH. "Performance comparison of some censoring CA-based CFAR processors in heterogeneous environments." Algerian Journal of Signals and Systems 2, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51485/ajss.v2i1.30.
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Performance comparison of automatic censoring CA-based CFAR processors contribute to the development of more efficient censoring detectors. In this paper, the authors analyze the performance of the detection schemes which named: ACCA-odv- (Automatic Censored Cell Averaging -ordered data variability-), ADCCA- (Automatic Dual Censoring Cell Averaging-), ACGCA- (Automatic Censoring Greatest Cell Averaging-), and GGDC- (Goodness-of-fit Generalized likelihood test with Dual Censoring-)-CFAR's in heterogeneous environments. The assumed environments are represented by three situations: first, the homogeneous situation, second, the presence of interfering targets, and the third case is allowed to the presence of clutter edges. The obtained results, under the assumption of a Gaussian clutter and a mono pulse processing, show that most of the studied detectors perform well in a specific conditions and there is a need to further developments to ensure the required performances for recent target detection application.
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Yu, Ta-Chuan, Wen-Chien Chou, Chao-Yuan Yeh, Cheng-Kun Yang, Sheng-Chuan Huang, Feng Ming Tien, Chi-Yuan Yao, et al. "Automatic Bone Marrow Cell Identification and Classification By Deep Neural Network." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 2084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-125322.
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Purpose Differential counting of blood cells is the basis of diagnostic hematology. In many circumstances, identification of cells in bone marrow smears is the golden standard for diagnosis. Presently, methods for automatic differential counting of peripheral blood are readily available commercially. However, morphological assessment and differential counting of bone marrow smears are still performed manually. This procedure is tedious, time-consuming and laden with high inter-operator variation. In recent years, deep neural networks have proven useful in many medical image recognition tasks, such as diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy, and detection of cancer metastasis in lymph nodes. However, there has been no published work on using deep neural networks for complete differential counting of entire bone marrow smear. In this work, we present the results of using deep convolutional neural network for automatic differential counting of bone marrow nucleated cells. Materials & Methods The bone marrow smears from patients with either benign or malignant disorders in National Taiwan University Hospital were recruited in this study. The bone marrow smears are stained with Liu's stain, a modified Romanowsky stain. Digital images of the bone marrow smears were taken using 1000x oil immersion lens and 20MP color CCD camera on a single microscope with standard illumination and white-balance settings. The contour of each nucleated cell was artificially defined. These cells were then divided into a training/validation set and a test set. Each cell was then classified into 1 of the 11 categories (blast, promyelocyte, neutrophilic myelocyte, neutrophilic metamyelocyte, neutrophils, eosinophils and precursors, basophil, monocyte and precursors, lymphocyte, erythroid lineage cells, and invalid cell). In training/validation set, the classification of each cell was annotated once by experienced medical technician or hematologist. The annotated dataset was used to train a Path-Aggregation Network for instance segmentation task. In test set, cell classification was annotated by three medical technicians or hematologists; only over 2/3 consensus was regarded as valid. After the neural network model was fully trained, the ability of the model to classify and detect bone marrow nucleated cells was evaluated in terms of precision, recall and accuracy. During the model training, we used group normalization and stochastic gradient descent optimizer for training. Random noise, Gaussian blur, rotation, contrast and color shift were also used as means for data augmentation. Results The digital images of 150 bone marrow aspirate smears were taken for this study. They included 61 for acute leukemia, 39 for lymphoma, 2 for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 2 for myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), 10 for MDS/MPN, 12 for multiple myeloma, 4 for hemolytic anemia, 9 for aplastic anemia, 8 for infectious etiology and 3 for solid cancers. The final data contained 5927 images and 187730 nucleated bone marrow cells, which were divided into 2 sets: 5630 images containing 170966 cells as the training/validation set, and 297 images containing 16764 cells as the test set. Among the 16764 cells annotated in test set, 15676 cells (93.6 %) reached over 2/3 consensus. The trained neural network achieved 0.832 recall and 0.736 precision for cell detection task, 0.79 mean intersection over union (IOU) for cell segmentation task, mean average precision of 0.659 and accuracy of 0.801 for cell classification. For individual cell categories, the model performs the best with "erythroid-lineage-cells" (0.971 recall, 0.935 precision) and the worst with "monocyte-and-precursors" (0.825 recall, 0.337 precision). Conclusions We have created the largest and the most comprehensive annotated bone marrow smear image dataset for deep neural network training. Compared with previous works, our approach is more practical for clinical application because it is able to take in an entire field of smear and generate differential counts without any other preprocessing steps. Current results are highly encouraging. With continued expansion of dataset, our model would be more precise and clinically useful. Figure Disclosures Yeh: aether AI: Other: CEO and co-founder. Yang:aether AI: Employment. Tien:Novartis: Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria; Celgene: Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria; Johnson &Johnson: Honoraria; Alexion: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria; Roche: Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria. Hsu:aether AI: Employment.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Automatic test cell"
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Tejkl, Michal. "Konstrukce jednoúčelového stroje pro automatické testování pneumatického šroubení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444287.
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The subject of this diploma thesis is the design of a single-purpose machine for automatic testing of pneumatic fittings. Pneumatic fittings used in brake systems are subject to high technical requirements and 100% tightness control in production. In this case, manual testing is not effective and the goal is to automate the process. The theoretical part presents pneumatic mechanisms, analysis of the tested pneumatic fitting with technical parameters, the possibility of tightness testing, use of sensors, and rotary tables. In the practical part, a systematic analysis of the problem was performed, according to which the overall design proceeded. Subsequently, the design of the complete machine containing individual nodes is processed, supplemented by the necessary calculations. The conclusion of the thesis contains an evaluation of the whole project.
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Staněk, Lukáš. "Návrh metody pro testování elektricky asistovaných turbodmychadel." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230750.
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The Diploma thesis deals with the testing of electrically assisted turbochargers. Aim of this work is to apply the established way of the performance testing of conventional turbochargers for electrically assisted turbocharger. Part of this work is to create a program for the calculation of the observed characteristics of the turbocharger. The program is extended to the characteristics of the generator for electrically assisted turbocharger. The program will serve as a basic for control the data for tested motorsport applications.
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Schinner, Charles Edward 1957. "Electronic manufacturing test cell automation and configuration using AI techniques." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278327.
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This thesis utilizes artificial intelligence techniques and problem specific knowledge to assist in the design of an manufacturing test cell for electronic products. The electronic printed circuit board (PCB) is subjected to one or more functional evaluation(s) during the manufacturing process. The purpose of these evaluations is to assure product quality. This thesis is focused on, with historical knowledge, the configuration of this testing environment and associated fault isolation processes. By using such knowledge, an improvement in the testing efficiency will be realized which will allow the overall product cost to be minimized.
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Liljequist, Viktor. "Development of a Bioreactor Simulator for supporting automation software test and verification." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325959.
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The GE Healthcare Life sciences organization develop and manufacture bioreactors, mixers, filtration skids and chromatography systems used together in a biomanufacturing platform. The platform is monitored and controlled by a distributed control system through a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The automation software controlling the platform is today tested and verified together with the physical units. The software use PROFIBUS, an industry standard for industrial automation, for communication and control of the units. Limited access to the physical units is usually a bottleneck and it's difficult to test abnormal situations to make sure the correct alarms are triggered. To reduce the hardware dependency and to provide support during test and verification, a virtual environment is developed to simulate the behavior of a bioreactor during execution. A .NET application has been developed together with a mathematical framework to simulate a cell culture and to return relevant process parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature and weight. The results show that it's possible to simulate a bioreactor and to communicate with the control system. The software can be a valuable tool when developing and testing automation software but should not be used for process optimization or tuning of control parameters.
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Vemula, Sudheer Stroud Charles E. "Built-in self-test for input/output cells in field programmable gate arrays." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Theses/VEMULA_SUDHEER_17.pdf.
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Braccini, Michele. "Automatic Design of Boolean Networks for Modelling Differentiation Trees." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10432/.
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Real living cell is a complex system governed by many process which are not yet fully understood: the process of cell differentiation is one of these.
In this thesis work we make use of a cell differentiation model to develop gene regulatory networks (Boolean networks) with desired differentiation dynamics.
To accomplish this task we have introduced techniques of automatic design and we have performed experiments using various differentiation trees.
The results obtained have shown that the developed algorithms, except the Random algorithm, are able to generate Boolean networks with interesting differentiation dynamics.
Moreover, we have presented some possible future applications and developments of the cell differentiation model in robotics and in medical research.
Understanding the mechanisms involved in biological cells can gives us the possibility to explain some not yet understood dangerous disease, i.e the cancer.
Le cellula è un sistema complesso governato da molti processi ancora non pienamente compresi: il differenziamento cellulare è uno di questi.
In questa tesi utilizziamo un modello di differenziamento cellulare per sviluppare reti di regolazione genica (reti Booleane) con dinamiche di differenziamento desiderate.
Per svolgere questo compito abbiamo introdotto tecniche di progettazione automatica e abbiamo eseguito esperimenti utilizzando vari alberi di differenziamento.
I risultati ottenuti hanno mostrato che gli algoritmi sviluppati, eccetto l'algoritmo Random, sono in grado di poter generare reti Booleane con dinamiche di differenziamento interessanti.
Inoltre, abbiamo presentato alcune possibili applicazioni e sviluppi futuri del modello di differenziamento in robotica e nella ricerca medica.
Capire i meccanismi alla base del funzionamento cellulare può fornirci la possibilità di spiegare patologie ancora oggi non comprese, come il cancro.
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Fortier, Hélène. "AFM Indentation Measurements and Viability Tests on Drug Treated Leukemia Cells." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34345.
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A significant body of literature has reported strategies and techniques to assess the mechanical properties of biological samples such as proteins, cellular and tissue systems. Atomic force microscopy has been used to detect elasticity changes of cancer cells. However, only a few studies have provided a detailed and complete protocol of the experimental procedures and data analysis methods for non-adherent blood cancer cells. In this work, the elasticity of NB4 cells derived from acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) was probed by AFM indentation measurements to investigate the effects of the disease on cellular biomechanics. Understanding how leukemia influences the nanomechanical properties of cells is expected to provide a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms associated to cancer, and promises to become a valuable new tool for cancer detection and staging. In this context, the quantification of the mechanical properties of APL cells requires a systematic and optimized approach for data collection and analysis, in order to generate reproducible and comparative data.
This Thesis elucidates the automated data analysis process that integrates programming, force curve collection and analysis optimization to assess variations of cell elasticity in response to processing criteria. A processing algorithm was developed by using the IGOR Pro software to automatically analyze large numbers of AFM data sets in an efficient and accurate manner. In fact, since the analysis involves multiple steps that must be repeated for many individual cells, an automated and un-biased processing approach is essential to precisely determine cell elasticity. Different fitting models for extracting the Young’s modulus have been systematically applied to validate the process, and the best fitting criteria, such as the contact point location and indentation length, have been determined in order to obtain consistent results.
The designed automated processing code described in this Thesis was used to correlate alterations in cellular biomechanics of cancer cells as they undergo drug treatments. In order to fully assess drug effects on NB4 cells, viability assays were first performed using Trypan Blue staining for primary insights before initiating thorough microplate fluorescence intensity readings using a LIVE/DEAD viability kit involving ethidium and calcein AM labelling components. From 0 to 24 h after treatment using 30 µM arsenic trioxide, relative live cell populations increased until 36 h. From 0 to 12 h post-treatment, relative populations of dead cells increased until 24 h post-treatment. Furthermore, a drastic drop in dead cell count has been observed between 12 and 24 h. Additionally, arsenic trioxide drug induced alterations in elasticity of NB4 cells can be correlated to the cell viability tests.
With respect to cell mechanics, trapping of the non-adherent NB4 cells within fabricated SU8-10 microwell arrays, allowed consistent AFM indentation measurements up to 48 h after treatment. Results revealed an increase in cell elasticity up to 12 h post-treatment and a drastic decrease between 12 and 24 h. Furthermore, arsenic trioxide drug induced alterations in elasticity of NB4 cells can be correlated to the cell viability tests.
In addition to these indentation and viability testing approaches, morphological appearances were monitored, in order to track the apoptosis process of the affected cells. Relationships found between viability and elasticity assays in conjunction with morphology alterations revealed distinguish stages of apoptosis throughout treatment. 24 h after initial treatment, most cells were observed to have burst or displayed obvious blebbing. These relations between different measurement methods may reveal a potential drug screening approach, for understanding specific physical and biological of drug effects on the cancer cells.
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Gohil, Kuldeepsinh. "Verification and Visualization of Safe Human Robot Collaboration for Robotic Cell." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för Industriell ekonomi, Elektro- och Maskinteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-12798.
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Robotics and Automation field is booming in today´s scenario. Researchers and Technologist comes up with new ideas in the robotics field to achieve a higher productivity, flexibility and efficiency. To achieve the above goals, it shall be required that human and robot share their work space with each other and works in a collaborative nature. Safety is a main concern and in focus. Robot should not injure the operator in any way during working in robotic cell. In this master thesis main focus is to create a various test plans and validate them to ensure the safety level in robotic cell. The test plan should be validated in a real robot environment. The test plans consist of functional and individual verification of safety devices which are being used in a robotic cell at PTC which is known as smart automation lab. Apart from that it includes design simulation of robotic cells with manikins to ensure validation of safety in virtual environment. Design simulation of robotic cell with manikins are created in RobotStudio 6.06. However, smart components, trap routines, SafeMove and offline program in RAPID have been created. Various test results are incorporated in the results section to ensure the verification and validation of safe human robot collaboration of virtual environment in RobotStudio 6.06.
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Valentini, Ludovica. "Sviluppo di un software per la diagnosi automatica di celle solari attraverso test agli infrarossi e di elettroluminescenza." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14253/.
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Il presente lavoro di tesi va a completare il precedente studio, svolto durante il tirocinio curriculare, del fenomeno dell’elettroluminescenza sulle celle solari e la ricerca di metodologie per la corretta acquisizione delle immagini durante lo svolgimento dei test a elettroluminescenza e ad infrarossi. L’argomento principale di questa tesi è stato lo sviluppo di un software realizzato in ambiente MATLAB® in grado di scansionare le foto scattate nella fase precedente ai pannelli solari di ALMASat EO ed ESEO (European Student Earth Orbiter) e capace di determinare le diverse tipologie di difetti che possono essere riscontrati sulle loro celle.
Il lavoro è iniziato da un’analisi più approfondita dei risultati ottenuti durante il tirocinio, allo scopo di capire quali informazioni è possibile estrapolare dalle foto scattate durante questa tipologia di test; per comprendere come affrontare questo percorso è stata necessaria una seconda fase di studio riguardante la conoscenza dello specifico strumento Image Processing Toolbox™ di MATLAB grazie al quale si è potuto realizzare il software stesso.
In questo elaborato sono spiegati i risultati ottenuti durante il tirocinio, come sono stati conseguiti e il legame tra questi e il lavoro di tesi; in seguito è descritto il software a partire dall’ambiente di sviluppo utilizzato e proseguendo con la definizione della sua struttura, sino ai dettagli di ogni suo blocco principale.
L’obiettivo finale dell’attività è stato lo sviluppo di un codice in grado di generare automaticamente un report conclusivo per ogni cella scansionata che contenesse ognuno dei principali risultati ottenuti dall’analisi diagnostica della cella stessa.
Infine sono esposti eventuali sviluppi futuri che potrebbero rendere il software sempre più versatile nel suo impiego.
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Sallander, Suzanne. "Automated serological technique with special emphasis on a solid phase test for red cell antibody detection in routine blood banking /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3550-5/.
Full textBooks on the topic "Automatic test cell"
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McCann, Shaun R. The role of technology in haematology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198717607.003.0011.
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Various technologies have changed and improved the practice of haematology. Because it is possible to obtain blood cells so readily (via a simple venepuncture), haematology has been at the forefront of technological developments in medicine. The diagnosis of both malignant and benign haematological disorders has become more exact because of the technological advances outlined, and the understanding of the pathogenesis of many diseases has been advanced as a direct result of the application of technologies such as immunofluorescence, confocal and electron microscopy, automated cell counting, flow cytometry, digital cell morphology, advanced staining techniques, and PCR. However, it is important to stress that all technologies and ‘tests’ need to be cautiously interpreted, and a full history and physical examination should always be the first step in the investigation of patients.
Book chapters on the topic "Automatic test cell"
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Ane, Bernadetta Kwintiana, and Dieter Roller. "Adaptive Intelligent Systems for Recognition of Cancerous Cervical Cells Based on 2D Cervical Cytological Digital Images." In Machine Learning Algorithms for Problem Solving in Computational Applications, 292–331. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1833-6.ch018.
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To date, cancer of uterine cervix is still a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women in the world. Papanicolau smear test is a well-known screening method of detecting abnormalities of the cervix cells. Due to scarce number of skilled and experienced cytologists, the screening procedure becomes time consuming and highly prone to human errors that leads to inaccurate and inconsistent diagnosis. This condition increases the risk of patients who get HPV infection not be detected and become HPV carriers. Coping with this problem, an adaptive intelligent system is developed to enable automatic recognition of cancerous cells from. Here pattern recognition is done based on three morphological cell characteristics, i.e. size, shape, and color features, and measured as numerical values in terms of N/C ratio, nucleus perimeter, nucleus radius, cell deformity, texture heterogeneity, wavelet approximation coefficients, and gray-level intensity. Through a supervised learning of multilayer perceptron network, the system is able to percept abnormality in the cervix cells, and to assign them into a predicted group membership, i.e. normal or cancerous cells. Based on thorough observation upon the selected features and attributes, it can be recognized that the cancerous cells follow certain patterns and highly distinguishable from the normal cells.
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Edwards, Bruce S., and Larry A. Sklar. "Automation and High- Throughput Flow Cytometry." In Flow Cytometry for Biotechnology. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195183146.003.0007.
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The flow cytometer is unique among biomedical analysis instruments in its ability to make multiple correlated optical measurements on individual cells or particles at high rates. Moreover, an ever-expanding arsenal of fluorescent probes enables the modern flow cytometer to quantify a large and growing diversity of cell-associated macromolecules and physiological processes. Modern flow cytometers have achieved such a level of sophistication and reliability that unattended operation by automated systems is a practical reality. From its inception, flow cytometry has been in the vanguard of automation in cytological analysis. One of the most powerful automated features is cell sorting, an operation in which highly purified subsets of cells or particles are isolated from heterogeneous source populations on the basis of a targeted, multiparameter phenotype. The method most widely used for sorting today, which is based on electrostatic deflection of charged droplets, was developed over 30 years ago and led to commercial flow cytometers that were capable of sorting cells at rates of hundreds of cells per second. Influenced by the need of the Human Genome Project for efficient isolation of purified chromosomes, a high-speed chromosome flow sorter was developed and patented in 1982 that increased sort rates to tens of thousands of events per second (13). Commercial systems subsequently became available in the 1990s that permitted sorting of cells at such high rates (www.bdbiosciences.com; www.dakocytomation. com). Thus, since the initial development of the technology, the throughput of automated cell sorting has increased by nearly two orders of magnitude. In single cell analysis and sorting, throughput is determined by the rate at which the flow cytometer can process individual cells as they pass single file through the point of detection. Another aspect of flow cytometer throughput concerns the rate at which the flow cytometer can sequentially process multiple discreet collections of cells. This component of throughput will be important, for example, in the screening of collections of test compounds for their effects on bulk populations of cells. This is of particular relevance for modern drug discovery, in which there is a need to test cellular targets against millions of potentially valuable compounds that may bind cellular receptors to effect clinically therapeutic cellular responses.
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"Automated single cell electrophoresis realized in PARMOQUANT 2 and PARMOQUANT L: Test Results." In Cell Electrophoresis, 55–72. De Gruyter, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110860559-007.
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Jena, Biswajit, Pulkit Thakar, Vedanta Nayak, Gopal Krishna Nayak, and Sanjay Saxena. "Malaria Parasites Detection Using Deep Neural Network." In Deep Learning Applications in Medical Imaging, 209–22. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5071-7.ch009.
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Malaria is a dreadful infectious disease caused by the bite of female Anopheles mosquito, by the protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. It's an epidemic disease and demands rapid and accurate diagnosis for proper intervention. Microscopic test on the thick and thin blood smear to detect the malaria and counts the infected cells is the gold standard for diagnosis of this disease. An automation process in the form of computer-aided diagnosis is much needed as it plays a vital role in fully or semi-automated diagnosis of diseases based on medical image information. Deep learning has vast ranging applications. This work is to build a convolutional neural network to expertly detect the presence of malaria parasitized cells in the thin blood smear. The authors construct the model as small and computationally efficient to obtain the highest level of accuracy possible.
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Dolphin, Heather, and Fatima Ahmad. "Bacteriology Diagnostic Methods." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0015.
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This is summarized in Table 8.1. a) Microscopy— A cell count is performed on sterile fluids and CSF samples using the Neubauer chamber or a similar device. The number of white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells seen under the microscope are reported as well as the differential WBC count (i.e. the number or percentage of lymphocytes and neutrophils in the sample). A Gram stain is then done and the presence of any organism reported. b) Culture samples are plated onto the appropriate media and streaked out for single colonies as shown. Blood agar is normally used; however, other media are used depending on the site of the specimen, e.g. chocolate agar is used if a fastidious organism is a potential pathogen such as Haemophilus sp.; anaerobic agar for anaerobes; selective agar such as MacConkey can be used on non-sterile specimens to differentiate between the colony types. Plates are incubated for eighteen to forty-eight hours at the correct conditions; most plates being CO2, others at O2 and anaerobically. c) Identification plates are examined for growth. Potentially significant isolates are identified either by MALDI-TOF MS, by API, or other biochemical tests. d) Sensitivities are performed on significant organisms by manual and automated methods. This is summarized in Table 8.2. Selective agar is necessary when isolating pathogens from faeces, although further confirmatory tests are needed. ● Black or colourless colonies on xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) or other chromogenic agar plates are tested with oxidase reagent. ● Oxidase negative isolates are identified by MALDI-TOF, API and or biochemically using triple-sugar iron (TSI) tubes. ● Serology is then performed on suspicious isolates and sent to a reference laboratory for confirmation. ● Campylobacter is confirmed by testing grey flat colonies on campylobacter agar with oxidase reagent. Oxidase positive samples are Gram stained and if ‘seagull’-shaped gram-negative bacteria are observed under the microscope, campylobacter is confirmed. The catalase test is a simple biochemical test to differentiate between Staphylococcus species and Streptococcus species, with the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). It tests for the presence of the enzyme catalase which is found in Staphylococcus species.
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"Methods and Models for the Formation of Pseudo-Random Number Sequences Based on Cellular Automata." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 99–193. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2649-1.ch006.
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The chapter describes well-known models and implementation options for pseudorandom number generators based on cellular automata. Pseudorandom number generators based on synchronous and asynchronous cellular automata are briefly reviewed. Pseudorandom number generators based on one-dimensional and two-dimensional cellular automata, as well as using hybrid cellular automata, are described. New structures of pseudorandom number generators based on asynchronous cellular automata with a variable number of active cells are proposed. Testing of the proposed generators was carried out, which showed the high quality of the generators. Testing was conducted using graphical and statistical tests.
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Hai-Jew, Shalin. "Conducting Sentiment Analysis and Post-Sentiment Data Exploration through Automated Means." In Social Media Data Extraction and Content Analysis, 202–40. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0648-5.ch008.
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One new feature in NVivo 11 Plus, a qualitative and mixed methods research suite, is its sentiment analysis tool; this enables the autocoding of unlabeled and unstructured text corpora against a built-in sentiment dictionary. The software labels selected texts into four categories: (1) very negative, (2) moderately negative, (3) moderately positive, and (4) very positive. After the initial coding for sentiment, there are many ways to augment that initial coding, including theme and subtheme extraction, word frequency counts, text searches, sociogram mapping, geolocational mapping, data visualizations, and others. This chapter provides a light overview of how the sentiment analysis feature in NVivo 11 Plus works, proposes some insights about the proper unit of analysis for sentiment analyses (sentence, paragraph, or cell) based on text dataset features, and identifies ways to further explore the textual data post-sentiment analysis—to create coherence and insight.
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Bilan, Sergii. "Influence of Neighborhood Forms on the Quality of Pseudorandom Number Generators' Work Based on Cellular Automata." In Handbook of Research on Intelligent Data Processing and Information Security Systems, 43–78. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1290-6.ch003.
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The chapter analyzes modern methods for constructing pseudo-random number generators based on cellular automata. Also analyzes the influence of neighborhood forms on the evolution of the functioning of cellular automata, as well as on the quality of the formation of pseudo-random bit sequences. Based on the use of various forms of the neighborhood for the XOR function, the quality of generators was analyzed using graphical tests and NIST tests. As a result of experimental studies, the optimal dimension of cellular automata and the number of heterogeneous cells were determined, which make it possible to obtain a high-quality pseudo-random bit sequence. The obtained results allowed to formulate a method for constructing high-quality pseudo-random number generators based on cellular automata, as well as to determine the necessary initial conditions for generators. The proposed generators allow to increase the length of the repetition period of a pseudo-random bit sequence.
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Pai, Srinivasa P., and Nagabhushana T. N. "Tool Condition Monitoring Using Artificial Neural Network Models." In Handbook of Research on Emerging Trends and Applications of Machine Learning, 550–76. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9643-1.ch026.
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Tool wear is a major factor that affects the productivity of any machining operation and needs to be controlled for achieving automation. It affects the surface finish, tolerances, dimensions of the workpiece, increases machine down time, and sometimes performance of machine tool and personnel are affected. This chapter deals with the application of artificial neural network (ANN) models for tool condition monitoring (TCM) in milling operations. The data required for training and testing the models studied and developed are from live experiments conducted in a machine shop on a widely used steel, medium carbon steel (En 8) using uncoated carbide inserts. Acoustic emission data and surface roughness data has been used in model development. The goal is for developing an optimal ANN model, in terms of compact architecture, least training time, and its ability to generalize well on unseen (test) data. Growing cell structures (GCS) network has been found to achieve these requirements.
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Pai, Srinivasa P., and Nagabhushana T. N. "Tool Condition Monitoring Using Artificial Neural Network Models." In Research Anthology on Artificial Neural Network Applications, 400–426. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2408-7.ch019.
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Tool wear is a major factor that affects the productivity of any machining operation and needs to be controlled for achieving automation. It affects the surface finish, tolerances, dimensions of the workpiece, increases machine down time, and sometimes performance of machine tool and personnel are affected. This chapter deals with the application of artificial neural network (ANN) models for tool condition monitoring (TCM) in milling operations. The data required for training and testing the models studied and developed are from live experiments conducted in a machine shop on a widely used steel, medium carbon steel (En 8) using uncoated carbide inserts. Acoustic emission data and surface roughness data has been used in model development. The goal is for developing an optimal ANN model, in terms of compact architecture, least training time, and its ability to generalize well on unseen (test) data. Growing cell structures (GCS) network has been found to achieve these requirements.
Conference papers on the topic "Automatic test cell"
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Cachaco, Jose, Nuno Machado, Nuno Lourenco, Jorge Guilherme, and Nuno Horta. "Automatic technology migration of analog IC designs using generic cell libraries." In 2017 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/date.2017.7927189.
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Warren, Ted, Larry Morris, and John McPhearson. "Rapid H2 Purge With CO2 for Safer Plant Operations: Test Run Results." In ASME 2016 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2016-59257.
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Hydrogen cooled generators need to undergo carbon dioxide (CO2) purging before being placed into service and when taken offline. This process typically takes 4 to 12 hours, and can take as long as 36 hours in extreme cases, to fully and safely purge a generator. Reducing the volume of hydrogen gas in these generators is essential for reducing the risks of explosions. If these purge times could be shortened, improvements in safety, shorter outages, and increased production could be realized. This paper describes plant testing of a CO2 Fast Degas purging system for hydrogen cooled generators. Results from eight test runs at two different plants are presented in tabular and graphical form. Mean reduction from pure hydrogen to less than 4% hydrogen was 39.8 minutes, while maintaining CO2 temperatures above 80°F (27°C). This eliminates the possibility of CO2 freeze up, and reduces the stress on the piping and the detrimental effects on the generator from extreme temperature swings that occur when CO2 is de-pressurized. These rapid purge rates were accomplished while maintaining the generator pressure within a set range. In order to achieve the minimum purge time, it is critical that mixing of the two gases be minimized during the purge operation. By utilizing the slope of the graphs provided, the system was optimized to minimize purge times to reach safe levels. Tests were performed on both purging operations, replacing hydrogen with CO2 and replacing air with CO2. Samples to analyze the generator gas purity were taken from the vent line using multiple thermal conductivity purity instruments to assure accurate results. The system was tested in both automatic and semi-automatic modes of operation. The fast degas system was found to significantly reduce generator purge times, reducing down time, and improve operator efficiency, positively affecting the overall safety profile of the plant.
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Bianchini, Cosimo, Mirko Micio, Francesco Maiuolo, and Bruno Facchini. "Numerical Investigation to Support the Design of a Flat Plate Honeycomb Seal Test Rig." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95612.
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Among the various type of seals used in gas turbine secondary air system to guarantee sufficient confinement of the main gas path, honeycomb seals well perform in terms of enhanced stability and reduced leakage flow. Reliable estimates of the sealing performance of honeycomb packs employed in industrial gas and steam turbines, are however missing in literature, thus, in order to evaluate the complete characteristic curve of the seals in the wide range of working conditions, an experimental campaign is planned. This work reports the findings of the numerical investigation exploited to properly design such test rig. Computations are performed with the steady-state RANS solver implemented in Ansys CFX ® using k-ω SST turbulence model with automatic wall treatment and exploiting symmetry condition when possible. Due to the generally large amount of honeycomb cells typically present in real seals, it would be convenient to treat the sealing effect of the honeycomb pack as an increased distributed friction factor on the plain top surface that is why the simplest configuration, the honeycomb facing a flat plate, is employed in this paper. The geometry of the hexagonal cell and the investigated clearances were chosen to well represent actual honeycomb packs employed in industrial compressors. First the pressure distribution within the seal was analysed verifying that downstream the first 5 rows of cells where entrance effects are predominant, the relative pressure drop is almost constant thus the use of an equivalent friction factor is appropriate to characterize the seal. Furthermore the calculated pressure field was used to assess potential effects of pressure probe positioning. Subsequent analysis focused on the characterization of the friction factor as function of the Reynolds number with the aim of establishing the proper geometrical scaling to achieve flow conditions similar to real turbine most critical ones. The eventual direct influence of both geometrical scaling and operating conditions was investigated as well. Additional CFD computations were used to assess the entrance length effects and the spanwise extension of the honeycomb pack. Finally the different behaviour of the honeycomb sealing depending on the hexagonal cell arrangement was evaluated both in terms of flow structure and friction factor showing an increase of 15% circa with the facing edge arrangement.
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Glancey, J. L., P. Popper, M. Mitch, P. Truitt, N. Nasr, M. Orgovan, and J. Stevens. "A New Cyclic Impact Test Instrument and Methodology for Hand-Struck Tools." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41451.
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The use of hand-struck tools is still a necessary job function for technicians in several industries throughout the world. Despite the importance of these tools, evolving concerns regarding the detrimental effects of their long-term use continue to grow. Repetitive motion injuries, nerve damage of the hands and arms, and hearing loss are some of the problems that continue to afflict users of these types of tools. Although hammer-tool systems are relatively simple mechanical systems that have required very little improvement historically, the growing concerns associated with their use necessitate a thorough evaluation of current tool designs. In addition, the introduction of new and modified tools with improved performance characteristics will be essential to maintaining their long term, effective use in the workplace. Currently, no standard test methods exist to assess the performance characteristics of hand-struck tools. This makes evaluations and comparisons very difficult since performance characteristics are significantly influenced by the user of the tool. As a result, for the purposes of assessing the performance of current hammer-tool systems as well as evaluating alternate designs, a new testing device for hand-struck tools was developed. The device is designed to simulate the approximate cyclic kinematic motion of a user repeatedly hitting a tool with a conventional hammer. A computer controller automates the striking and return stroke actions, and the resulting impact velocity and force exerted by the hammer are adjustable and approximate the performance of a human. For the purpose of development, the testing device was designed to accept steel hand-struck chisels. As configured, a chisel is placed in the device and used to shear a standard, replaceable work piece. The key output of this test is the number of impacts needed to fail the standard piece. Other features integrated into the device include a load cell under the work piece to capture the force exerted during a hammer impact, measurement of the hammer velocity at impact, noise measurements, and an automatic counter to record the number of hammer impacts required to fail the work piece. Preliminary tests with standard, conventional chisels indicate the device is capable of failing a standard 6.5 mm steel drill rod work piece in the same number of hammer blows as an experienced chisel user. Subsequent work will focus on characterizing and improving the properties of hammer-chisel systems relevant to the detrimental effects associated with their long term use.
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Roemer, Michael J., Gregory J. Kacprzynski, Michael Schoeller, Ron Howe, and Richard Friend. "Advanced Test Cell Diagnostics for Gas Turbine Engines (USAF Automated Jet Engine Test Strategy – AJETS)." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0012.
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Improved test cell diagnostics capable of detecting and classifying engine mechanical and performance faults as well as instrumentation problems is critical to reducing engine operating and maintenance costs while optimizing test cell effectiveness. Proven anomaly detection and fault classification techniques utilizing engine Gas Path Analysis (GPA) and statistical/empirical models of structural and performance related engine areas can now be implemented for real-time and post-test diagnostic assessments. Integration and implementation of these proven technologies into existing USAF engine test cells presents a great opportunity to significantly improve existing engine test cell capabilities to better meet today’s challenges. A suite of advanced diagnostic and troubleshooting tools have recently been developed and implemented for gas turbine engine test cells as part of the Automated Jet Engine Test Strategy (AJETS) program. AJETS is an innovative USAF program for improving existing engine test cells by providing more efficient and advanced monitoring, diagnostic and troubleshooting capabilities. This paper describes the basic design features of the AJETS system; including the associated data network, sensor validation and anomaly detection/diagnostic software that was implemented in both a real-time and post-test analysis mode. These advanced design features of AJETS are currently being evaluated and advanced utilizing data from TF39 test cell installations at Travis AFB and Dover AFB.
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Kuo, Keilin, and Chungchen Tsao. "Automobile Driving Control for a Dual Power Electric Vehicle With a Hydrogen Fuel Cell." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20099.
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In this study, we adopt a dual power system for extension (DPES) operation by combining the existing power system of an electric vehicle with a hydrogen fuel cell. This was to enhance the durability of the electric vehicle and reduce the inconvenience of battery charging. The lithium battery acts as the primary power source and has real-time monitoring of its state of charge (SOC), while the hydrogen fuel cells act as the auxiliary power supply. The auxiliary power can be used either directly or for charging the lithium battery while the vehicle is in its idle state. The dual power system is coupled with a dual-mode motor controller and energy management system. This study aims to apply the dual power system on the electric vehicle using hydrogen fuel cells. We designed a simulation platform for real driving conditions using Labview to send and receive control commands. In this study, we simulated the road cycles of the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE-40), Japanese legislative cycle (JP10) and the World-wide Motorcycle Emissions Test Cycle (WMTC), using Proportional-integral Control (PI) for automatic tracking and employing engineering error analysis to determine the most suitable PI parameter values for the simulated system. The results showed that using a fixed 100 W fuel cell could enhance the operation time up to 21 %, 21 %, and 14 % for the road cycles of the ECE-40, JP10, and WMTC, respectively. Due to the required features of an actual vehicle, we also designed an energy limiting system to manage the driver-controlled electronic throttle by controlling the instantaneous and maximum power output of the motor in order to achieve savings in energy consumption, increase its operation time, protect the system, and enhance its durability.
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Rosen, William G., Larry Banta, Megan Gorrell, Bernardo Restrepo, and David Tucker. "Response Surfaces for Key Controlled Variables in a Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine System." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54142.
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Hybrid generation systems have been extensively modeled as a first step toward the development of automatic controls for the system. In most cases, it is impossible to validate mathematical models against real hardware because only a handful of hardware systems exist in the world. Data taken from the existing hardware has demonstrated significant nonlinearity, complex coupling between controlled variables, and sometimes non-intuitive behavior. This work exploits the capability of the HyPer hardware test bed at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) to generate data from a real recuperated gas turbine coupled with hardware simulations of a fuel cell cathode and appropriate ancillary equipment. Prior work has characterized the system only over a limited range of its operating envelope, due to the inability to manipulate multiple control inputs simultaneously. The work presented here fills the gaps using data from a 34 factorial experiment to generate quasi-continuous response surfaces describing the operating state space of the HyPer system. Polynomial correlation functions have been fitted to the data with excellent agreement. Relationships between the control inputs and critical state variables such as cathode mass flow, cathode temperature, turbine inlet and exhaust temperatures and other key system parameters are presented.
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Gopinath, Ranganathan, Ravikumar Venkat Krishnan, Lua Winson, Phoa Angeline, and Jin Jie. "Dynamic Photon Emission on FinFET Devices Through Novel Scan Test Approaches." In ISTFA 2019. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2019p0160.
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Abstract Dynamic Photon Emission Microscopy (D-PEM) is an established technique for isolating short and open failures, where photons emitted by transistors are collected by sensitive infra-red detectors while the device under test is electrically exercised with automated test equipment (ATE). Common tests, such as scan, use patterns that are generated through Automatic Test Pattern Generator (ATPG) in compressed mode. When these patterns are looped for D-PEM, it results in indeterministic states within cells during the load or unload sequences, making interpretation of emission challenging. Moreover, photons are emitted with lower probability and lesser energies for smaller technology nodes such as the FinFET. In this paper, we will discuss executing scan tests in manners that can be used to bring out emission which did not show up in conventional test loops.
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Roemer, Michael J., Rolf F. Orsagh, Gregory J. Kacprzynski, James Scheid, Richard Friend, and William Sotomayer. "Upgrading Engine Test Cells for Improved Troubleshooting and Diagnostics." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30034.
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Upgrading military engine test cells with advanced diagnostic and troubleshooting capabilities will play a critical role in increasing aircraft availability and test cell effectiveness while simultaneously reducing engine operating and maintenance costs. Sophisticated performance and mechanical anomaly detection and fault classification algorithms utilizing thermodynamic, statistical, and empirical engine models are now being implemented as part of a United States Air Force Advanced Test Cell Upgrade Initiative. Under this program, a comprehensive set of real-time and post-test diagnostic software modules, including sensor validation algorithms, performance fault classification techniques and vibration feature analysis are being developed. An automated troubleshooting guide is also being implemented to streamline the troubleshooting process for both inexperienced and experienced technicians. This artificial intelligence based tool enhances the conventional troubleshooting tree architecture by incorporating probability of occurrence statistics to optimize the troubleshooting path. This paper describes the development and implementation of the F404 engine test cell upgrade at the Jacksonville Naval Air Station.
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Kim, Jinseon, Minsoo Kim, Minju Shin, Incheol Nam, Daesun Kim, Hongsun Hwang, Sangjae Rhee, Kangyong Cho, and Seongjin Jang. "A Study on Error Corrected Code Failure-Induced Latent Defect in between High-k MIM Capacitors." In ISTFA 2017. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2017p0424.
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Abstract For fault management, various types of error-correcting codes (ECC) have been widely used for most computers and memory. From a memory perspective, the ECC technique is generally adopted for DRAM modules to correct data corruption among multiple chips, not in-chip level. Recently, increased soft single-bit failures have accelerated introduction of the ECC technique into DRAM components. For reliability, fault generation technique by high voltage at high temperature, also known as burn-in stress, has been widely used in the IC manufacturing process. In DRAM, burn-in stress is also useful to screen latent defects or to predict device lifetime. In this paper, we studied un-correctable errors which occurred due to various types of storage node bridge defects in ECC DRAM. 12 faulty cells among 1,000 cells are observed after burn-in stress. Retention time of each cell is measured with automatic test equipment under the various temperature conditions, and activation energy were extracted from measurement results. Results of activation energy show that there were two types of faults, one was metal-metal hard bridge (0.14eV) and the other was dielectric-dielectric soft bridge (0.35eV), in comparison with normal cells (0.53eV). Moreover, soft bridge was carefully analyzed with TEM and nanoprobing showing that activation energy analysis was well-matched.