Academic literature on the topic 'Automatic gas analyzers'
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Journal articles on the topic "Automatic gas analyzers"
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Nikolaev, I. N., A. V. Litvinov, and T. M. Khalfin. "Automatic Gas Analyzers for Hydrogen in the Volumetric Concentration Range 10–6–1.0%." Measurement Techniques 47, no. 7 (July 2004): 725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:mete.0000043664.69022.52.
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Bulgakov, A. B., S. P. Vashchuk, and R. A. Panshin. "Application of gas analyzers for the control of fuel in the air environment of rocket and space industry enterprises." VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 20, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7533-2021-20-3-110-118.
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The presented work shows the necessity of organization of individual instrumental control of the content of rocket fuel and its products in the air of rocket-space industry enterprises. No accurate analysis of gas analyzers presented on the Russian market, providing individual instrumental control of concentrations of heptyl and its derivatives in the workplace air is available. Therefore, the task of express, automatic, selective and simultaneous monitoring of heptyl vapors and derivatives of its transformation in the air of industrial premises by one instrument and replacing the imported gas analyzers remains urgent. It is shown that the solution of the posed problem is possible on the basis of the optical absorption method. The requirements to be met by the gas analyzer are formulated. Approximate wavelengths at which simultaneous measurement of concentrations of heptyl and its derivatives in an air sample is possible have been determined. The ways of realization of individual gas analyzers having small mass-size characteristics are outlined. Structural schemes for infra-red gas analyzers have been proposed: multi-channel; single-channel (with frequency modulation of radiation). Tasks for further research are formulated.
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Fitsev, Igor M., Maria Yu Vakhitova, Vasily M. Babaev, Ksenia S. Bulygina, Ildar Kh Rizvanov, and Evgenia I. Fitseva. "Methodical aspects of quantitative elemental analysis of organic compounds using automated CHNS-analyzers." Butlerov Communications 58, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-58-5-154.
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In this article the methodical aspects of quantitative elemental analysis of organic compounds on the automatic CHNS-analyzers, combining the method of Dumas-Pregl and gas chromatographic separation of analytic forms elements (N2, CO2, H2O, SO2) recorded by the thermal conductivity detector are explored. Also there are shown methods of calibration of the thermal conductivity detector, including the traditional way that uses one standard sample and the way that uses three standard samples with different quantitative content determined elements. Besides, attached the methodical approach, which is used in quantitative elemental analysis of organic compounds and their mixtures on the automatic CHNS-analyzers made on local and abroad plants, is based on operative control of calibration characteristics that we get from the thermal conductivity detector (characteristics and results of a standard sample of known composition before and after elemental analysis of unknown compound).
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Abdurakhmanov, E., Z. B. Murodova, M. E. Eshkobilova, and Kh G. Sidikova. "Development of a selective sensor for the determination of hydrogen." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 839, no. 4 (September 1, 2021): 042086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/839/4/042086.
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Abstract The composition of the catalyst (70% ZrO2 and 30% Cu2O) and the optimal conditions for the selectivity of hydrogen oxidation in the presence of combustible ingredients have been developed. Using a selected catalyst and optimal conditions, selective thermocatalytic hydrogen sensors are manufactured. In the range of hydrogen concentrations of 0.11 – 4.10% vol. the dependence of the sensor signal on the concentration is rectilinear. With continuous operation of the sensor for 1000 hours, the signal value remains stable. The presence of carbon monoxide (up to 1.4%), ammonia (up to 1.7%), and methane (up to 1.2%) in the analyzed mixture does not affect the value of the output signal of the hydrogen sensor. The developed sensors can be used as part of automatic gas analyzers and signaling devices.
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Siebicke, Lukas, and Anas Emad. "True eddy accumulation trace gas flux measurements: proof of concept." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 8 (August 15, 2019): 4393–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4393-2019.
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Abstract. Micrometeorological methods to quantify fluxes of atmospheric constituents are key to understanding and managing the impact of land surface sources and sinks on air quality and atmospheric composition. Important greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Further important atmospheric constituents are aerosols, which impact air quality and cloud formation, and volatile organic compounds. Many atmospheric constituents therefore critically affect the health of ecosystems and humans, as well as climate. The micrometeorological eddy covariance (EC) method has evolved as the method of choice for CO2 and water vapor flux measurements using fast-response gas analyzers. While the EC method has also been used to measure other atmospheric constituents including methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone, the often relatively small fluxes of these constituents over ecosystems are much more challenging to measure using eddy covariance than CO2 and water vapor fluxes. For many further atmospheric constituents, eddy covariance is not an option due to the lack of sufficiently accurate and fast-response gas analyzers. Therefore, alternative flux measurement methods are required for the observation of atmospheric constituent fluxes for which no fast-response gas analyzers exist or which require more accurate measurements. True eddy accumulation (TEA) is a direct flux measurement technique capable of using slow-response gas analyzers. Unlike its more frequently used derivative, known as the relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) method, TEA does not require the use of proxies and is therefore superior to the indirect REA method. The true eddy accumulation method is by design ideally suited for measuring a wide range of trace gases and other conserved constituents transported with the air. This is because TEA obtains whole air samples and is, in combination with constituent-specific fast or slow analyzers, a universal method for conserved scalars. Despite the recognized value of the method, true eddy accumulation flux measurements remain very challenging to perform as they require fast and dynamic modulation of the air sampling mass flow rate proportional to the magnitude of the instantaneous vertical wind velocity. Appropriate techniques for dynamic mass flow control have long been unavailable, preventing the unlocking of the TEA method's potential for more than 40 years. Recently, a new dynamic and accurate mass flow controller which can resolve turbulence at a frequency of 10 Hz and higher has been developed by the first author. This study presents the proof of concept that practical true eddy accumulation trace gas flux measurements are possible today using dynamic mass flow control, advanced real-time processing of wind measurements, and fully automatic gas handling. We describe setup and methods of the TEA and EC reference flux measurements. The experiment was conducted over grassland and comprised 7 d of continuous flux measurements at 30 min flux integration intervals. The results show that fluxes obtained by TEA compared favorably to EC reference flux measurements, with coefficients of determination of up to 86 % and a slope of 0.98. We present a quantitative analysis of uncertainties of the mass flow control system, the gas analyzer, and gas handling system and their impact on trace gas flux uncertainty, the impact of different approaches to coordinate rotation, and uncertainties of vertical wind velocity measurements. Challenges of TEA are highlighted and solutions presented. The current results are put into the context of previous works. Finally, based on the current successful proof of concept, we suggest specific improvements towards long-term and reliable true eddy accumulation flux measurements.
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Mammarella, I., P. Werle, M. Pihlatie, W. Eugster, S. Haapanala, R. Kiese, T. Markkanen, Ü. Rannik, and T. Vesala. "A case study of eddy covariance flux of N<sub>2</sub>O measured within forest ecosystems: quality control and flux error analysis." Biogeosciences 7, no. 2 (February 2, 2010): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-427-2010.
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Abstract. Eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements of nitrous oxide (N2O) obtained by using a 3-D sonic anemometer and a tunable diode laser gas analyzer for N2O were investigated. Two datasets (Sorø, Denmark and Kalevansuo, Finland) from different measurement campaigns including sub-canopy flux measurements of energy and carbon dioxide are discussed with a focus on selected quality control aspects and flux error analysis. Although fast response trace gas analyzers based on spectroscopic techniques are increasingly used in ecosystem research, their suitability for reliable estimates of EC fluxes is still limited, and some assumptions have to be made for filtering and processing data. The N2O concentration signal was frequently dominated by offset drifts (fringe effect), which can give an artificial extra contribution to the fluxes when the resulting concentration fluctuations are correlated with the fluctuations of the vertical wind velocity. Based on Allan variance analysis of the N2O signal, we found that a recursive running mean filter with a time constant equal to 50 s was suitable to damp the influence of the periodic drift. Although the net N2O fluxes over the whole campaign periods were quite small at both sites (~5 μg N m−2 h−1 for Kalevansuo and ~10 μg N m−2 h−1 for Sorø), the calculated sub-canopy EC fluxes were in good agreement with those estimated by automatic soil chambers. However, EC N2O flux measurements show larger random uncertainty than the sensible heat fluxes, and classification according to statistical significance of single flux values indicates that downward N2O fluxes have larger random error.
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Mammarella, I., P. Werle, M. Pihlatie, W. Eugster, S. Haapanala, R. Kiese, T. Markkanen, Ü. Rannik, and T. Vesala. "A case study of eddy covariance flux of N<sub>2</sub>O measured within forest ecosystems: quality control and flux error analysis." Biogeosciences Discussions 6, no. 4 (July 14, 2009): 6949–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-6949-2009.
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Abstract. Eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements of nitrous oxide obtained by using a 3-D sonic anemometer and a tunable diode laser gas analyzer for N2O were investigated. Two datasets (Sorø, Denmark and Kalevansuo, Finland) from different measurement campaigns including sub-canopy flux measurements of energy and carbon dioxide are discussed with a focus on selected quality control aspects and flux error analysis. Although fast response trace gas analyzers based on spectroscopic techniques are increasingly used in ecosystem research, their suitability for reliable estimates of eddy covariance fluxes is still limited, and some assumptions have to be made for filtering and processing data. The N2O concentration signal was frequently dominated by offset drifts (fringe effect), which can give an artificial extra contribution to the fluxes when the resulting concentration fluctuations are correlated with the fluctuations of the vertical wind velocity. Based on Allan variance analysis of the N2O signal, we found that a recursive running mean filter with a time constant equal to 50~s was suitable to damp the influence of the periodic drift. Although the net N2O fluxes over the whole campaign periods were quite small at both sites (~5 μg N m−2 h−1 for Kalevansuo and ~10 μg N m−2 h−1 for Sorø), the calculated sub-canopy EC fluxes were in good agreement with those estimated by automatic soil chambers. However EC N2O flux measurements show larger random uncertainty than the sensible heat fluxes, and classification according to statistical significance of single flux values indicates that downward N2O fluxes have larger random error.
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Kasapidou, Eleni, Zoitsa Basdagianni, Vasileios Papadopoulos, Chrysoula Karaiskou, Anastasios Kesidis, and Arsenios Tsiotsias. "Effects of Intensive and Semi-Intensive Production on Sheep Milk Chemical Composition, Physicochemical Characteristics, Fatty Acid Profile, and Nutritional Indices." Animals 11, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): 2578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092578.
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Dairy sheep farming is a vital sector of the agricultural economy in Greece. Information on the effect of the farming system on sheep milk characteristics is critical for producing dairy products with improved nutritional value according to the current guidelines for healthy food consumption. This study aimed to investigate the basic composition, physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid composition, and nutritional indices of milk produced in intensive and semi-intensive sheep farms. Bulk tank milk samples from 20 intensive and 20 semi-intensive sheep farms were examined. Sheep in the intensive farms were kept indoors and were fed with roughage, silage, and concentrates. Sheep in the semi-intensive farms were kept indoors during the night and were moved to the pastures during the day. Sheep were fed with roughage, silage, and concentrates in combination with grazing. Milk composition and somatic cell count were determined with automatic analyzers. The physicochemical characteristics were determined with standard laboratory methods. The fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography. The farming system did not affect milk chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics. However, milk fatty acid composition and nutritional value were significantly improved in milk from farms using the semi-intensive production system, and this favorable effect was attributed to the inclusion of pasture in sheep diet.
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Saliba, Martin, Francelle Azzopardi, Rebecca Muscat, Marvic Grima, Alexander Smyth, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Lasse Johansson, et al. "Trends in Vessel Atmospheric Emissions in the Central Mediterranean over the Last 10 Years and during the COVID-19 Outbreak." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 7 (July 11, 2021): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070762.
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Giordan Lighthouse, located on the island of Gozo in the Malta-Sicily Channel within the central Mediterranean region, is ideally located to study the primary sources of atmospheric pollution. A total of 10 years of data have been accumulated from the reactive gas and greenhouse gas detectors and the aerosol analyzers found at this Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) regional station. The data has been evaluated, resulting in trends in emissions from shipping recorded within the same region coming to the fore. The other source of emissions that was evident within the recorded data originated from Mt. Etna, located on the island of Sicily and representing the highest active volcano in Europe. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of ship emissions on trace gases and aerosol background measurements at Giordan Lighthouse, including the putative influence of COVID-19 on the same emissions. The model used to evaluate ship emissions was the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM). From trace gas measurements at Giordan Lighthouse, a slowly decreasing trend in sulfur oxide (SOx) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions was noted. To better understand the air quality results obtained, the STEAM model was fed, as an input, an Automatic Identification System (AIS) dataset to describe the vessel activity in the area concerned. This study also investigates the effects of the COVID19 pandemic on marine traffic patterns within the area and any corresponding changes in the air quality. Such an analysis was carried out through the use of SENTINEL 5 data.
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Li, Tao. "Design of an Automatic Detector for Gas Desorption of Coal Samples." Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie 19, no. 5 (November 15, 2020): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/i2m.190505.
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Gas content measurement is a common technique in the prevention of coalmine gas disasters. During the measurement, the gas desorption amount of field coal samples needs to be obtained by an instrument working under the principle of gas collection by water displacement (GCWD). The instrument is poorly automated, and susceptible to the influence of subjective factors. To overcome these defects, this paper designs an automatic detector of gas desorption, aiming to realize automated detection. Firstly, the authors analyzed the gas desorption detection process, and clarified the contents and features of the information to be collected. On this basis, the hardware and software systems of the multi-data automatic detector were developed based on digital circuit design and multi-sensor detection. To further improve the measuring accuracy of gas desorption, the multi-range multi-stage mode was introduced to the automatic detector. Application results show that the proposed detector can automatedly collect and store gas desorption amount, ambient pressure, and temperature, greatly improve the degree of automation, and minimize the influence of subjective factors. The popularization of this detector will make gas desorption measurement more efficient and effective, laying a solid basis for the prevention of coalmine gas disasters.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Automatic gas analyzers"
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Витяганець, В. С., Олег Ярославович Пітак, Тамара Степанівна Бондаренко, and І. В. Пітак. "Контроль стану повітряного середовища приміщень хімічних виробництв." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/39328.
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Обґрунтовано доцільність та необхідність розробки, впровадження та використання систем автоматичного контролю стану повітряного середовища в робочій зоні на підприємствах хімічної промисловості. Наведено рекомендації, щодо проведення автоматичного безперервного контролю повітряного середовища на хімічних підприємствах.The expediency and necessity of the development, introduction and use of systems of automatic control of the state of the air environment in the working zone at the enterprises of the chemical industry are substantiated. The recommendations concerning automatic continuous control of the air environment at chemical enterprises are given.
Book chapters on the topic "Automatic gas analyzers"
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Belau, E., CH Grote, and K. Levsen. "An Improved Automatic Analyzer for Organic Compounds in Water Based on Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) Coupled to Gas Chromatography." In Field Screening Europe 2001, 241–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0564-7_38.
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Petrovic, Oliver, Philipp Blanke, Manuel Belke, Eike Wefelnberg, Simon Storms, and Christian Brecher. "Evaluation of ML-Based Grasping Approaches in the Field of Automated Assembly." In Annals of Scientific Society for Assembly, Handling and Industrial Robotics 2021, 337–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74032-0_28.
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AbstractCurrent trends in the manufacturing industry lead to high competitive pressure and requirements regarding process autonomy and flexibility in the production environment. Especially in assembly, automation systems are confronted with a high number of variants. Robot-based processes are a powerful tool for addressing these challenges. For this purpose, robots must be made capable of grasping a variety of diverse components, which are often provided in unknown poses. In addition to existing analytical algorithms, empirical ML-based approaches have been developed, which offer great potentials in increasing flexibility. In this paper, the functionalities and potentials of these approaches will be presented and then compared to the requirements from production processes in order to analyze the status quo of ML-based grasping. Functional gaps are identified that still need to be overcome in order to enable the technology for the use in industrial assembly.
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Pery, Andrew, Majid Rafiei, Michael Simon, and Wil M. P. van der Aalst. "Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence and Process Mining: Challenges and Opportunities." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 395–407. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98581-3_29.
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AbstractThe premise of this paper is that compliance with Trustworthy AI governance best practices and regulatory frameworks is an inherently fragmented process spanning across diverse organizational units, external stakeholders, and systems of record, resulting in process uncertainties and in compliance gaps that may expose organizations to reputational and regulatory risks. Moreover, there are complexities associated with meeting the specific dimensions of Trustworthy AI best practices such as data governance, conformance testing, quality assurance of AI model behaviors, transparency, accountability, and confidentiality requirements. These processes involve multiple steps, hand-offs, re-works, and human-in-the-loop oversight. In this paper, we demonstrate that process mining can provide a useful framework for gaining fact-based visibility to AI compliance process execution, surfacing compliance bottlenecks, and providing for an automated approach to analyze, remediate and monitor uncertainty in AI regulatory compliance processes.
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Golagha, Mojdeh. "How to Effectively Reduce Failure Analysis Time?" In Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering 2020, 45–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83128-8_4.
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AbstractDebugging is one of the most expensive and challenging phases in the software development life-cycle. One important cost factor in the debugging process is the time required to analyze failures and find underlying faults. Two types of techniques that can help developers to reduce this analysis time are Failure Clustering and Automated Fault Localization. Although there is a plethora of these techniques in the literature, there are still some gaps that prevent their operationalization in real-world contexts. Besides, the abundance of these techniques confuses the developers in selecting a suitable method for their specific domain. In order to help developers in reducing analysis time, we propose methodologies and techniques that can be used standalone or in a form of a tool-chain. Utilizing this tool-chain, developers (1) know which data they need for further analysis, (2) are able to group failures based on their root causes, and (3) are able to find more information about the root causes of each failing group. Our tool-chain was initially developed based on state-of-the-art failure diagnosis techniques. We implemented and evaluated existing techniques. We built on and improved them where the results were promising and proposed new solutions where needed. The overarching goal of this study has been the applicability of techniques in practice.
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Lighton, John R. B. "Constant Volume Techniques Using Gas Analysis." In Measuring Metabolic Rates, 20–42. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830399.003.0004.
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By using modern gas analyzers and variations of constant volume techniques described in Chapter 2, simple and high-throughput measurement of the metabolic rates of organisms ranging in size from bacteria to large insects and even small vertebrates are easily implemented. It is also possible to measure water loss rate and carbon dioxide production using only an oxygen analyzer. These respirometry techniques can be deployed in the field as well as the laboratory. Both manual and automated, computerized implementations of constant volume techniques for metabolic rate measurement are covered in full step-by-step detail, and appropriate analytical protocols for oxygen, carbon dioxide, or both oxygen and carbon dioxide analysis systems are also described in detail.
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Monroy, Javier, and Javier Gonzalez-Jimenez. "Towards Odor-Sensitive Mobile Robots." In Rapid Automation, 1491–510. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8060-7.ch070.
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Out of all the components of a mobile robot, its sensorial system is undoubtedly among the most critical ones when operating in real environments. Until now, these sensorial systems mostly relied on range sensors (laser scanner, sonar, active triangulation) and cameras. While electronic noses have barely been employed, they can provide a complementary sensory information, vital for some applications, as with humans. This chapter analyzes the motivation of providing a robot with gas-sensing capabilities and also reviews some of the hurdles that are preventing smell from achieving the importance of other sensing modalities in robotics. The achievements made so far are reviewed to illustrate the current status on the three main fields within robotics olfaction: the classification of volatile substances, the spatial estimation of the gas dispersion from sparse measurements, and the localization of the gas source within a known environment.
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"Algorithm for Petro-Graphic Color Image Segmentation Used in Oil Exploration." In Advances in Multimedia and Interactive Technologies, 187–95. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4896-8.ch015.
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A new heuristic algorithm for porosity segmentation for the colored petro-graphic images is proposed. The proposed algorithm automatically detects the porosities that represent the presence of oil, gas, or even water in the analyzed thin section rock segment based on the colour of the porosity area filled with dies in the analyzed sample. For the purpose of the oil exploration, the thin section fragments are died in order to emphasize the porosities that are analyzed under the microscope. The percentage of the porosity is directly proportional to the probability of the oil, gas, or even water presence in the area where the drilling is performed (i.e. the increased porosity indicates the higher probability of oil existence in the region). The proposed automatic algorithm shows better results than the existing K-means segmentation method.
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K. Habib, Maki, and Hashem Rizk. "Pre-Harvest and Post-Harvest Techniques for Plant Disease Detections." In Biomimetics. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97612.
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As the agriculture industry is growing fast, many efforts are introduced to ensure a high quality of produce. Diseases and defects found in plants and crops affect greatly the agriculture industry. Hence, many techniques and technologies have been developed to help solve or reduce the impact of plant diseases. Imagining analysis tools and gas sensors are becoming more frequently integrated into smart systems for plant disease detection. Many disease detection systems incorporate imaging analysis tools and VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) profiling techniques to detect early symptoms of diseases and defects of plants, fruits, and vegetative produce. These disease detection techniques can be further categorized into two main groups: preharvest disease detection and postharvest disease detection techniques. This paper aims to introduce the available disease detection techniques and to compare them with the latest innovative smart systems that feature visible imaging, hyperspectral imaging, and VOC profiling. In addition, this paper considers the efforts to automate imaging techniques to help accelerate the disease detection process. Different approaches are analyzed and compared in terms of work environment, automation, implementation, and accuracy of disease identification along with the future evolution perspective in this field.
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Donelli, Massimo. "Application of Natured-Inspired Algorithms for the Solution of Complex Electromagnetic Problems." In Handbook of Research on Soft Computing and Nature-Inspired Algorithms, 1–33. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2128-0.ch001.
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In the last decade nature-inspired Optimizers such as genetic algorithms (GAs), particle swarm (PSO), ant colony (ACO), honey bees (HB), bacteria feeding (BFO), firefly (FF), bat algorithm (BTO), invasive weed (IWO) and others algorithms, has been successfully adopted as a powerful optimization tools in several areas of applied engineering, and in particular for the solution of complex electromagnetic problems. This chapter is aimed at presenting an overview of nature inspired optimization algorithms (NIOs) as applied to the solution of complex electromagnetic problems starting from the well-known genetic algorithms (GAs) up to recent collaborative algorithms based on smart swarms and inspired by swarm of insects, birds or flock of fishes. The focus of this chapter is on the use of different kind of natured inspired optimization algorithms for the solution of complex problems, in particular typical microwave design problems, in particular the design and microstrip antenna structures, the calibration of microwave systems and other interesting practical applications. Starting from a detailed classification and analysis of the most used natured inspired optimizers (NIOs) this chapter describes the not only the structures of each NIO but also the stochastic operators and the philosophy responsible for the correct evolution of the optimization process. Theoretical discussions concerned convergence issues, parameters sensitivity analysis and computational burden estimation are reported as well. Successively a brief review on how different research groups have applied or customized different NIOs approaches for the solution of complex practical electromagnetic problem ranging from industrial up to biomedical applications. It is worth noticed that the development of CAD tools based on NIOs could provide the engineers and designers with powerful tools that can be the solution to reduce the time to market of specific devices, (such as modern mobile phones, tablets and other portable devices) and keep the commercial predominance: since they do not require expert engineers and they can strongly reduce the computational time typical of the standard trial errors methodologies. Such useful automatic design tools based on NIOs have been the object of research since some decades and the importance of this subject is widely recognized. In order to apply a natured inspired algorithm, the problem is usually recast as a global optimization problem. Formulated in such a way, the problem can be efficiently handled by natured inspired optimizer by defining a suitable cost function (single or multi-objective) that represent the distance between the requirements and the obtained trial solution. The device under development can be analyzed with classical numerical methodologies such as FEM, FDTD, and MoM. As a common feature, these environments usually integrate an optimizer and a commercial numerical simulator. The chapter ends with open problems and discussion on future applications.
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Rice, Peter M., and Keith EHiston. "DNA." In Sequence Analysis Primer. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195098747.003.0004.
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Software packages are available for all common laboratory computer systems. The packages for personal computers (PC or Macintosh) are able assemble and correct the sequence, those for the larger systems (VAX or Unix) are generally able to analyze the sequence in greater detail. Most laboratories will be able to use sequence assembly programs in their favorite sequence analysis software package. In general, the stages of sequence assembly are gel entry, overlap detection, editing, and reporting. The available programs differ in the ways they handle each of these tasks. No single package is ideal, though all should be adequate for a smaller project such as a single cDNA. Particular attention should be given to the quality and features of the editor, as this is where most time will be spent, and to the possibilities of extending the software to cope with problems that may arise. Good status reports and a choice of methods for overlap detection can save considerable time in resolving ambiguities and correcting errors later. Figure 1 lists some of the commonly used sequence assembly programs. The prices vary widely depending on the features of the package and the options for academic or commercial licenses. Originally, each package used its own “special” codes to represent ambiguous bases and gaps in sequences. Mostpackages now use the standard IUB-IUPAC codes (Figure 2) for the nucleotides, though the program documentation should be checked before starting the project. The task of sequence reading depends on the sequencing protocol used. In many laboratories the sequence is generated on an autoradiograph (Figure 3) from which the sequence is read. Although automated gel readers are on the market, most sequence data is read manually with the aid of a digitizer. Most sequence assembly programs accept DNA sequence read by a sonic digitizer. An example of a device which is supported by most of the available programs is the GrafBar GP-7 [Science Accessories Corporation, Southport, CT, US A and P.M.S. (Instruments) Ltd., Waldeck House, Reform Road, Maidenhead, Berks, SL6 8BX, UK]. Sonic digitizers have a stylus to point to locations on an autoradiograph, which is illuminated from below by a light box.
Conference papers on the topic "Automatic gas analyzers"
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Moyroud, Francois, Georges Jacquet-Richardet, and Torsten Fransson. "A Modal Coupling for Fluid and Structure Analyses of Turbomachine Flutter: Application to a Fan Stage." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-335.
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The paper presents an approach for the modal aeroelastic analysis of three-dimensional turbomachinery bladings with several fluid and structure analyzers. Structure analyzers are three-dimensional solvers for static and dynamic analyses of axisymmetric/cyclic-symmetric blade-shroud-disk-shaft assemblies with/without elastic coupling between blades. Fluid analyzers are two-dimensional/three-dimensional solvers for single/multi-stage steady/unsteady turbomachinery flows. An automatic interfacing procedure for exchanging data at the incompatible fluid-structure boundary and the development of a multi-model interfacing software are discussed. The modal aeroelastic analysis of a first stage shrouded fan is carried out to illustrate the main issues of the paper. In particular, two structural models for the elastic coupling of the part-span shrouds are discussed. The results show the strong dependence of the structure dynamics and aeroelastic analysis on this modelling.
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Marius, Roman, Ciupa Vasile, Gligor Elena, Abrudean Mihail, and Roman Flaviu. "New Design of pH / Blood Gas Analyzer." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aqtr.2006.254618.
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Brunner, Raimund, Roland Grisar, and Maurus Tacke. "Spectral correlation as a tool for automated operation of tunable diode laser gas analyzers." In SPIE's 1996 International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Alan Fried. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.255313.
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Sajjad, Farasdaq Muchibbus, Alvin Derry Wirawan, Dharmawan Alfian Rachmadi, Wingky Suganda, Dany Susanto, and Muryadi Gusman. "PiNTAR Gas Lift System: Paving the Way for Automated Field Implementation." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205784-ms.
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Abstract As oil and gas development in Indonesia is shifting towards offshore environment, automation is essential for reducing operating cost. PHE ONWJ as the biggest oil and gas operator in Indonesia develops an automated field operation for gas lift optimization, called PiNTAR. PHE ONWJ has been operating gas lift wells for almost 40 years. The biggest challenge is how to efficiently conduct the business operations in offshore environment. The current regular operations (for instance production monitoring) are conducted manually in monthly basis. It is time-consuming and requires long time for trouble shooting. PiNTAR is designed by PHE ONWJ by integrating smart signal system that can be operated remotely without having to be physically presence at the site. The system is integrated with SCADA sensors, satellite system and fully electronic transmitter that sends production data and related parameters to PHE ONWJ head office to be analyzed 24/7 and mitigated if necessary. PiNTAR has been implemented on more than 50 wells in PHE ONWJ working areas. PHE ONWJ also provides interactive Graphical User Interface based software for monitoring and production adjustment purposes. Standardization is also performed therefore PiNTAR can be implemented in a wider area, with different gas lift situations. PiNTAR enables operators to quickly diagnose flow irregularities ranging from adjusting injected Gas Liquid Ratio (GLR) to minimize annular flow, modify choke openings, dynamic reallocation of injected gas from multiple well systems, and also allows the team to comprehend a significant amount of flow characteristics in gas lifted wells as measurements are taken in a very small-time frame, ranging from minutes to seconds. PiNTAR also enables automated production test that enables the construction of real time Gas Lift Performance Curve, which reduces operator workload and enables dynamic gas lift optimization. Implementation of PiNTAR also reduces HSSE risks for rope jumping operations in offshore and increases efficiency of fuel and personnel timing in platform. The publication presents a success story of gas lift automated optimization using in-house development from PHE ONWJ called PiNTAR. Significant monetary efficiency as well as production increase has been observed during the implementation, encouraging the company to pursue further field automation efforts.
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Wang, Eric. "Using Automatic Feature Recognition to Interface CAD to CAPP." In ASME 1992 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1992-0028.
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Abstract Interfacing CAD to CAPP (computer-aided process planning) is crucial to the eventual success of a fully-automated computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) environment. Current CAD and CAPP systems are separated by a “semantic gap” that represents a fundamental difference in the ways in which they represent information. This semantic gap makes the interfacing of CAD to CAPP a non-trivial task. This paper argues that automatic feature recognition is an indispensable technique in interfacing CAD to CAPP. It then surveys the current literature on automatic feature recognition methods and systems, and analyzes their suitability as CAD/CAPP interfaces. It also describes a relatively recent automatic feature recognition method based on volumetric decomposition, using Kim’s alternating sum of volumes with partitioning (ASVP) algorithm. The paper’s main theses are: (1) that most previous automatic feature recognition approaches are ultimately based on pattern-matching; (2) that pattern-matching approaches are unlikely to scale up to the real world; and (3) that volumetric decomposition is an alternative to pattern-matching that avoids its shortcomings. The paper concludes that automatic feature recognition by volumetric decomposition is a promising approach to the interfacing of CAD to CAPP.
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Huang, Mengyao, Shuping Xu, Xiaohui Su, and Qiyu Dong. "Design of Ultraviolet Flue Gas Analyzer Based on Recursive Iterative Algorithm." In 2019 International Conference on Computer Network, Electronic and Automation (ICCNEA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccnea.2019.00081.
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Henke, Martin, Thomas Monz, and Manfred Aigner. "Introduction of a New Numerical Simulation Tool to Analyze Micro Gas Turbine Cycle Dynamics." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56335.
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Micro gas turbine (MGT) technology is evolving towards a large variety of novel applications, like weak gas electrification, inverted Brayton cycles and fuel cell hybrid cycles; however, many of these systems show very different dynamic behaviors compared to conventional MGTs. In addition, some applications impose more stringent requirements on transient maneuvers, e.g. to limit temperature and pressure gradients in a fuel cell hybrid cycle. Besides providing operational safety, optimizing system dynamics to meet the variable power demand of modern energy markets is also of increasing significance. Numerical cycle simulation programs are crucial tools to analyze these dynamics without endangering the machines, and to meet the challenges of automatic control design. For these tasks, complete cycle simulations of transient maneuvers lasting several minutes need to be calculated. Moreover, sensitivity analysis and optimization of dynamic properties like automatic control systems require many simulation runs. To perform these calculations in an acceptable timeframe, simplified component models based on lumped volume or one-dimensional discretization schemes are necessary. The accuracy of these models can be further improved by parameter identification, as most novel applications are modifications of well-known MGT systems and rely on proven, characterized components. This paper introduces a modular in-house simulation tool written in Fortran to simulate the dynamic behavior of conventional and novel gas turbine cycles with real-time calculation speed. Thermodynamics, gas composition, heat transfer to the casing and surroundings, shaft rotation and control system dynamics as well as mass and heat storage are simulated together to account for their interactions. The simulation tool is explained in detail, including a description of all component models, coupling of the elements and the ODE-solver. Finally, validation results of the simulator based on measurement data from the DLR Turbec T100 recuperated MGT test rig are presented, including cold start-up and shutdown maneuvers.
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Staroselsky, Naum, and Lawrence Ladin. "More Effective Control for Centrifugal Gas Compressors Operating in Parallel." In ASME 1986 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/86-gt-204.
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Parallel Operating centrifugal gas compressors are major elements in the chemical industry, in oil production and in natural gas gathering, injection, separation, transmission and LNG production. Large energy savings, reduced repairs and improved automation are possible with more effective solutions for compressor station control. The authors suggest an improved definition of compressor energy efficiency. They analyze several common approaches to control of parallel compressors and evaluate them in terms of energy efficiency, stability of control, equipment protection and level of automation. An improved system developed by one of the authors will be described theoretically and with an example from field operation.
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Kakati, Pallabi, Devendra Dandotiya, and Rajendrakumar Savanur. "Online Automatic Degradation Diagnosis of Gas Turbine Bearings Based on Unsupervised Machine Learning." In ASME 2019 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2019-2367.
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Abstract The bearing prognostic analysis plays a critical role in improving the reliability of any rotational engine. In data-driven methods, used in such bearing prognosis, real time bearing vibrational data can be acquired from a set of sensors. In literature, many supervised learning techniques have been proposed to analyze this data. However, the labelled training data required for such a supervised technique is not always available in real life. Therefore, in this work, an unsupervised learning technique based on adaptive resonance theory 2 (ART2) has been used for bearing vibrational signal analysis. The benefit of this method is that no separate training is required for the prognosis purpose. The gas turbine is studied in this work is a GE MS 3002 used in natural gas transportation in Algeria. This method is used to study the bearing vibrational signal emitted at the high-pressure turbine side. The use of online method helps us updating the model, as new observations are available. This method also offers better performance under noisy environment.
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Hartmann, Ulrich, and Joerg R. Seume. "Automated Condition Evaluation of Hot-Gas Path Components of Jet Engines Through Exhaust Jet Analysis." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75384.
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This paper determines the influence of different defective components in the hot-gas path (HGP) of a civil aircraft engine on the density distribution in the exhaust. The intention is to automate the identification of defective components inside the HGP through an analysis of the density distribution in the exhaust jet. The defects include an increased radial gap of the blades in the high-pressure turbine (HPT), and a reduction of the film cooling air mass flow in the first stage of the HPT. In addition, several combinations of both defects are simulated. In the present paper the exhaust density distributions are generated numerically using CFD simulations of the HGP. The density distribution in the exhaust jet is reconstructed with synthetic Background-Oriented Schlieren (BOS) measurements and automatically analyzed. The methodology for the automated defect detection consists of two algorithms, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm to automatically classify each measurement into a corresponding defect or reference class and an outlier detection algorithm to detect variations from the reference state — without assignment. It is shown that BOS provides a sufficient reconstruction quality to automatically detect defective HGP components with a SVM algorithm. It is possible to automatically detect both defects, even when they occur at the same time. For this purpose, different features were calculated to isolate the influence of each defect on the density distribution. The outlier detection algorithm allows for an automated detection of variations in the density distribution compared to the reference state without any previous knowledge of the influence of the defects on the density distributions during the training procedure. With this algorithm it is possible to detect unknown or new defects which have not been observed or regarded yet. These results strengthen the hypothesis, that an automated detection of defects in jet engines prior to the disassembly is possible.
Reports on the topic "Automatic gas analyzers"
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Kumar, Indraneel, Lionel Beaulieu, Annie Cruz-Porter, Chun Song, Benjamin St. Germain, and Andrey Zhalnin. An Assessment of the Workforce and Occupations in the Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction Industries in Indiana. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315018.
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This project explores workforce and occupations within the highway, street, and bridge construction industries (NAICS 237310) in Indiana. There are five specific deliverable comprised of three data reports, one policy document, and a website. The first data report includes an assessment of the workforce based on the eight-part framework, which are industry, occupations, job postings, hard-to-fill jobs, Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP), GAP Analysis, compatibility, and automation. The report defines a cluster followed by a detailed analysis of the occupations, skills, job postings, etc., in the NAICS 237310 industry in Indiana. The report makes use of specialized labor market databases, such as the Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI), CHMURA JobsEQ, etc. The analysis is based only on the jobs covered under the unemployment insurance or the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data. The second data report analyzes jobs to jobs flows to and from the construction industry in Indiana, with a particular emphasis on the Great Recession, by utilizing the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data. The third data report looks into the equal employment opportunity or Section 1391 and 1392 data for Indiana and analyzes specific characteristics of that data. The policy report includes a set of recommendations for workforce development for INDOT and a summary of the three data reports. The key data on occupations within the NAICS 237310 are provided in an interactive website. The website provides a data dashboard for individual INDOT Districts. The policy document recommends steps for development of the highways, streets and bridges construction workforce in INDOT Districts.
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Modlo, Yevhenii O., Serhiy O. Semerikov, Stanislav L. Bondarevskyi, Stanislav T. Tolmachev, Oksana M. Markova, and Pavlo P. Nechypurenko. Methods of using mobile Internet devices in the formation of the general scientific component of bachelor in electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects. [б. в.], February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3677.
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An analysis of the experience of professional training bachelors of electromechanics in Ukraine and abroad made it possible to determine that one of the leading trends in its modernization is the synergistic integration of various engineering branches (mechanical, electrical, electronic engineering and automation) in mechatronics for the purpose of design, manufacture, operation and maintenance electromechanical equipment. Teaching mechatronics provides for the meaningful integration of various disciplines of professional and practical training bachelors of electromechanics based on the concept of modeling and technological integration of various organizational forms and teaching methods based on the concept of mobility. Within this approach, the leading learning tools of bachelors of electromechanics are mobile Internet devices (MID) – a multimedia mobile devices that provide wireless access to information and communication Internet services for collecting, organizing, storing, processing, transmitting, presenting all kinds of messages and data. The authors reveals the main possibilities of using MID in learning to ensure equal access to education, personalized learning, instant feedback and evaluating learning outcomes, mobile learning, productive use of time spent in classrooms, creating mobile learning communities, support situated learning, development of continuous seamless learning, ensuring the gap between formal and informal learning, minimize educational disruption in conflict and disaster areas, assist learners with disabilities, improve the quality of the communication and the management of institution, and maximize the cost-efficiency. Bachelor of electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects is a personal and vocational ability, which includes a system of knowledge, skills, experience in learning and research activities on modeling mechatronic systems and a positive value attitude towards it; bachelor of electromechanics should be ready and able to use methods and software/hardware modeling tools for processes analyzes, systems synthesis, evaluating their reliability and effectiveness for solving practical problems in professional field. The competency structure of the bachelor of electromechanics in the modeling of technical objects is reflected in three groups of competencies: general scientific, general professional and specialized professional. The implementation of the technique of using MID in learning bachelors of electromechanics in modeling of technical objects is the appropriate methodic of using, the component of which is partial methods for using MID in the formation of the general scientific component of the bachelor of electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects, are disclosed by example academic disciplines “Higher mathematics”, “Computers and programming”, “Engineering mechanics”, “Electrical machines”. The leading tools of formation of the general scientific component of bachelor in electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects are augmented reality mobile tools (to visualize the objects’ structure and modeling results), mobile computer mathematical systems (universal tools used at all stages of modeling learning), cloud based spreadsheets (as modeling tools) and text editors (to make the program description of model), mobile computer-aided design systems (to create and view the physical properties of models of technical objects) and mobile communication tools (to organize a joint activity in modeling).
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Amirav, Aviv, and Steven Lehotay. Fast Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695851.bard.
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The overall theme of this project was to increase the speed of analysis for monitoring pesticide residues in food. Traditionally, analytical methods for multiple pesticides are time-consuming, expensive, laborious, wasteful, and ineffective to meet critical needs related to food safety. Faster and better methods were needed to provide more cost-effective detection of chemical contaminants, and thus provide a variety of benefits to agriculture. This overarching goal to speed and improve pesticide analysis was successfully accomplished even beyond what was originally proposed by the investigators in 1998. At that time, the main objectives of this project were: 1) to further develop a direct sample introduction (DSI) device that enables fast sampling and introduction of blended-only agricultural products for analysis by gas chromatography (GC); 2) to evaluate, establish, and further develop the method of simultaneous pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection for enhanced pesticide identification capabilities; and 3) to develop a new and novel MS pesticide analysis method, based on the use of supersonic molecular beams (SMB) for sampling and ionization. The first and third objectives were successfully accomplished as proposed, and the feasibility of the second objective was already demonstrated. The capabilities of the GC/SMB-MS approach alone were so useful for pesticide analysis that the simultaneous use of a PFPD was considered superfluous. Instead, the PFPD was investigated in combination with an electron-capture detector for low-cost, simultaneous analysis of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in fatty foods. Three important, novel research projects not originally described in the proposal were also accomplished: 1) development of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method for pesticides in foods; 2) development and optimization of a method using low-pressure (LP) GC/MS to speed pesticide residue analysis; and 3) innovative application of analyte protectants to improve the GC analysis of important problematic pesticides. All of the accomplishments from this project are expected to have strong impact to the analytical community and implications to agriculture and food safety. For one, an automated DSI approach has become commercially available in combination with GC/MS for the analysis of pesticide residues. Meanwhile, the PFPD has become the selective detector of choice for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides. Great strides were made in SMB-MS through the manufacture of a prototype "Supersonic GC/MS" instrument, which displayed many advantages over commercial GC/MS instruments. Most notably, the QuEChERS method is already being disseminated to routine monitoring labs and has shown great promise to improve pesticide analytical capabilities and increase lab productivity. The implications of these developments to agriculture will be to increase the percentage of food monitored and the scope of residues detected in the food, which will serve to improve food safety. Developed and developing countries alike will be able to use these methods to lower costs and improve results, thus imported/exported food products will have better quality without affecting price or availability. This will help increase trade between nations and mitigate certain disputes over residue levels in imported foods. The improved enforcement of permissible residue levels provided by these methods will have the effect to promote good agricultural practices among previously obstinate farmers who felt no repercussions from illegal or harmful practices. Furthermore, the methods developed can be used in the field to analyze samples quickly and effectively, or to screen for high levels of dangerous chemicals that may intentionally or accidentally appear in the food supply.