Journal articles on the topic 'Automatic batch production systems'
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Kamel, Khaled, and Eman Kamel. "PLC Batch Process Control Design and Implementation Fundamentals." September 2020 2, no. 3 (June 9, 2020): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jei.2020.3.001.
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Batch process control is typically used for repeated chemical reaction tasks. It starts with a measured liquid material filling operations followed by a controlled reaction leading to the discharge or transport of processed quantities of material. The input materials is contained in vessel reactor and subjected to a sequence of processing activities over a recipe predefined duration of time. Batch systems are designed to measure, process, and discharge a varying volume of liquid from drums, tanks, reactors, or other large storage vessel using a programmable logic controller (PLC). These systems are common in pharmaceutical, chemical packaging, Beverage processing, personal care product, biotech manufacturing, dairy processing, soap manufacturing, and food processing industries. This paper briefly discusses the fundamental techniques used in specifying, designing, and implementing a PLC batch process control [1, 2]. A simplified batch process is used to illustrate key issues in designing and implementing such systems. In addition to the structured PLC ladder design; more focus is given to safety requirements, redundancy, interlocking, input data validation, and safe operation. The Allen Bradley (AB) SLC 500 PLC along with the LogixPro simulator are used to illustrate the concepts discussed in this paper. Two pumps are used to bring in material during the tank filling and a third pump is used to drain processed product. The three pumps are equipped with flow meters providing pulses proportional to the actual flow rate through the individual pipes. The tank material is heated to a predefined temperature duration followed by mixing for a set time before discharge. Batch control systems provides automated process controls, typically and universally using PLC’s networked to HMI’s and other data storage, analysis, and assessment computers. The overall system perform several tasks including recipe development and download, production scheduling, batch management and execution, equipment performance monitoring, inventory, production history and tracking functionalities. Flexible batch control systems are designed to accommodate smaller batches of products with greater requirements / recipes variation, efficiently and quickly. In addition to providing process consistency, continuous batch process control quality improvements are attained through the automatic collection and analysis of real-time reliable and accurate event performance data [3, 4].
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Tomson, K., T. Paalme, P. S. Laakso, and R. Vilu. "Automatic laboratory-scale fed-batch procedure for production of recombinant proteins using inducible expression systems of Escherichia coli." Biotechnology Techniques 9, no. 11 (November 1995): 793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00159403.
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Heloury, Jeanne, Guillaume Bouguéon, Thomas Deljehier, Audrey Jourand, Aude Berroneau, and Sylvie Crauste-Manciet. "Automation of Aseptic Sterile Preparation: Risk Analysis and Productivity Comparison with Manual Process." Pharmaceutical Technology in Hospital Pharmacy 4, no. 1 (May 2, 2019): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pthp-2019-0001.
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Abstract Two automation methods for aseptic preparation in hospital pharmacy, robot and peristaltic pump, were compared to manual process both for risk analysis using Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) method and for productivity using time analysis grids built for each process. The results obtained with the different workflow organizations showed that the worst-case conditions for productivity was production “on demand” of tailor-made preparations. in that case, the manual process was not significantly different from the robotic process (p-value=0.72). For the standardized preparations, the semi-automatic process preparing a batch from bulk solution from “to be reconstituted” drugs was significantly superior to the robotic process preparing repetitive series of doses (p-value<0.01). Productivity of the robot was dramatically increased when the robot performed standardized preparations either from ready to use solutions or mixed cycles due to the robot design. When different processes were FMECA analyzed for risk analysis the robotic process was found as the safer process in comparison to others with a total of Criticality Indexes of 1060, 719, 656 for manual, semi-automatic and robot, respectively. Except for the robotic, semi-automatic and manual processes needed additional IT control systems to limit the risk of failures.
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Nájera, S., M. Gil-Martínez, and J. A. Zambrano. "ATAD control goals through the analysis of process variables and evaluation of quality, production and cost." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 5 (January 14, 2015): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.006.
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The aim of this paper is to establish and quantify different operational goals and control strategies in autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD). This technology appears as an alternative to conventional sludge digestion systems. During the batch-mode reaction, high temperatures promote sludge stabilization and pasteurization. The digester temperature is usually the only online, robust, measurable variable. The average temperature can be regulated by manipulating both the air injection and the sludge retention time. An improved performance of diverse biochemical variables can be achieved through proper manipulation of these inputs. However, a better quality of treated sludge usually implies major operating costs or a lower production rate. Thus, quality, production and cost indices are defined to quantify the outcomes of the treatment. Based on these, tradeoff control strategies are proposed and illustrated through some examples. This paper's results are relevant to guide plant operators, to design automatic control systems and to compare or evaluate the control performance on ATAD systems.
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Keim, Juan Pablo, Robert Berthiaume, David Pacheco, and Stefan Muetzel. "Comparison of rumen in vitro fermentation of temperate pastures using different batch culture systems." Animal Production Science 57, no. 4 (2017): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15190.
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In vitro batch culture systems are popular because they are relatively inexpensive and allow the screening and testing of large amounts of samples in a short time. Most of the batch culture systems have been designed for the evaluation of gas produced during fermentation of substrates and different designs have been compared between laboratories, but very little work is published where methane production or volatile fatty acid production is compared. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of agreement between two different in vitro batch culture systems, from different laboratories when measuring in vitro fermentation kinetics and end products using pasture samples as substrates. The two systems were a manual and a fully automated pressure-based system. Duplicates of pasture samples were incubated in three consecutive runs. Concordance correlation coefficients between systems and estimates of variance components (pasture, incubation run and random error) for each system were determined for all measured variables. There were poor correlations between systems for most of the variables except for time to produce half of the asymptotic gas production and acetate molar proportion of volatile fatty acids. However, for both systems most of variance was due to pasture sample and then incubation run. The poor agreement between systems might be explained by the different laboratory protocols. Therefore, comparisons of absolute values from different batch culture systems or experiments must be done carefully. Alternatively, more standardisation in terms of sample preparation and incubation procedure may be needed to compare in vitro fermentation products among systems.
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Denkena, Berend, Marcel Wichmann, Klaas Maximilian Heide, and René Räker. "Laser Scanning Based Object Detection to Realize Digital Blank Shadows for Autonomous Process Planning in Machining." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 6, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6010001.
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The automated process chain of an unmanned production system is a distinct challenge in the technical state of the art. In particular, accurate and fast raw-part recognition is a current problem in small-batch production. This publication proposes a method for automatic optical raw-part detection to generate a digital blank shadow, which is applied for adapted CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing) planning. Thereby, a laser-triangulation sensor is integrated into the machine tool. For an automatic raw-part detection and a workpiece origin definition, a dedicated algorithm for creating a digital blank shadow is introduced. The algorithm generates adaptive scan paths, merges laser lines and machine axis data, filters interference signals, and identifies part edges and surfaces according to a point cloud. Furthermore, a dedicated software system is introduced to investigate the created approach. This method is integrated into a CAD/CAM system, with customized software libraries for communication with the CNC (computer numerical control) machine. The results of this study show that the applied method can identify the positions, dimensions, and shapes of different raw parts autonomously, with deviations less than 1 mm, in 2.5 min. Moreover, the measurement and process data can be transferred without errors to different hardware and software systems. It was found that the proposed approach can be applied for rough raw-part detection, and in combination with a touch probe for accurate detection.
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Ćwikła, Grzegorz. "The Methodology of Development of the Manufacturing Information Acquisition System (MIAS) for Production Management." Applied Mechanics and Materials 474 (January 2014): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.474.27.
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The acquisition of data on the state of the production process is essential in the management of a company. The ERP system, as well as company management, should be continuously supplied with up-to-date information about the state of the production system, but in many cases there is a gap between the business and manufacturing layers of a company. Data on the state of production orders, machines, materials and human resources have to be automatically acquired, transmitted, archived, pre-processed and converted to a form compatible with business layer systems. There is a need for the development of methodology, describing methods of data acquisition and pre-processing directly from the shop floor. The methodology should be universal, covering the needs of different types of technological processes (discrete, continuous, batch), branches of industry and levels of production automation, etc. This paper presents the methodology of the development of Manufacturing Information Acquisition System (MIAS) covering needs for automated data acquisition, archiving and pre-processing systems, able to provide on-line production processes information for various clients. MIAS can be used as a link between data sources, MES/ERP systems and company management. Furthermore, it can be used as a stand-alone management information tool.
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Liang, Steven Y., Rogelio L. Hecker, and Robert G. Landers. "Machining Process Monitoring and Control: The State-of-the-Art." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 126, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1707035.
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Research in automating the process level of machining operations has been conducted, in both academia and industry, over the past few decades. This work is motivated by a strong belief that research in this area will provide increased productivity, improved part quality, reduced costs, and relaxed machine design constraints. The basis for this belief is two-fold. First, machining process automation can be applied to both large batch production environments and small batch jobs. Second, process automation can autonomously tune machine parameters (feed, speed, depth of cut, etc.) on-line and off-line to substantially increase the machine tool’s performance in terms of part tolerances and surface finish, operation cycle time, etc. Process automation holds the promise of bridging the gap between product design and process planning, while reaching beyond the capability of a human operator. The success of manufacturing process automation hinges primarily on the effectiveness of the process monitoring and control systems. This paper discusses the evolution of machining process monitoring and control technologies and conducts an in-depth review of the state-of-the-art of these technologies over the past decade. The research in each area is highlighted with experimental and simulation examples. Open architecture software platforms that provide the means to implement process monitoring and control systems are also reviewed. The impact, industrial realization, and future trends of machining process monitoring and control technologies are also discussed.
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Ding, Lin, Sajad Razavi Bazaz, Jesus Shrestha, Hoseyn A. Amiri, Sima Mas-hafi, Balarka Banerjee, Graham Vesey, Morteza Miansari, and Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani. "Rapid and Continuous Cryopreservation of Stem Cells with a 3D Micromixer." Micromachines 13, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13091516.
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Cryopreservation is the final step of stem cell production before the cryostorage of the product. Conventional methods of adding cryoprotecting agents (CPA) into the cells can be manual or automated with robotic arms. However, challenging issues with these methods at industrial-scale production are the insufficient mixing of cells and CPA, leading to damage of cells, discontinuous feeding, the batch-to-batch difference in products, and, occasionally, cross-contamination. Therefore, the current study proposes an alternative way to overcome the abovementioned challenges; a highly efficient micromixer for low-cost, continuous, labour-free, and automated mixing of stem cells with CPA solutions. Our results show that our micromixer provides a more homogenous mixing of cells and CPA compared to the manual mixing method, while the cell properties, including surface markers, differentiation potential, proliferation, morphology, and therapeutic potential, are well preserved.
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Бичков, С. А., О. Д. Донець, and В. Г. Читак. "ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СЕРІЙНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА РЕГІОНАЛЬНИХ ПАСАЖИРСЬКИХ ЛІТАКІВ АН-148 ТА АН-158." Open Information and Computer Integrated Technologies, no. 84 (July 2, 2019): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2019.84.06.
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The main results and peculiarities of putting the family of regional passenger airplanes An-148/An-158 into the batch production are presented. Based on the results of audits of the Aviation Register of the Interstate Aviation Committee and the State Aviation Service of Ukraine the complex of works that had been performed allowed to obtain approval for putting of airplanes into the batch production. The production is carried out in accordance with the requirements of «Guidelines21.2Cfor the Certification and Supervision of Aircraft Production», «Guidelines 21.2D of Certification and Control Procedures over the Civil Aircraft Production», Standards ISO9001-2009 and EN9100 of «Quality Management Systems. Requirements». The functioning of the quality system is constantly monitored by internal inspections.To put the AN-148-100/158 airplanes into the batch production: technological preparation of production for about 65 000 parts, units and assemblies has been made; more than 19 300 items of special technological equipment and tools have been designed and manufactured; more than 75 000 sets of design documentation for the processes of manufacturing, assembling, controlling and testing parts, units, assemblies and systems of airplanes have been worked out; new technological processes in the forging and stamping, mechanical assembly production, aggregate and assembly manufacturing have been completed, improved and implemented; advanced metalworking tools have been tested and implemented in the production; works on restoration of efficiency and improvement of technological equipment have been performed; new technological processes of manufacturing parts and units on numerically controlled programmable machines have been completed and implemented; complex manufacturing and new production processes of manufacturing products from composite and nonmetallic materials, forging and stamping products, foundry and thermal production have been completed and implemented; new equipment and production processes of welding have been mastered and implemented; the information infrastructure of the company has been organized and is being developed; an integrated automated production management system (ASC) has been developed. It functions based on the main data scope computation on a central computer capable to connect users to view the data; automated workplaces based on personal computers have been organized; measures on recruitment and training of the personnel have been organized and carried out.
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Giberti, Hermes, Tommaso Abbattista, Marco Carnevale, Luca Giagu, and Fabio Cristini. "A Methodology for Flexible Implementation of Collaborative Robots in Smart Manufacturing Systems." Robotics 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics11010009.
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Small-scale production is relying more and more on personalization and flexibility as an innovation key for success in response to market needs such as diversification of consumer preferences and/or greater regulatory pressure. This can be possible thanks to assembly lines dynamically adaptable to new production requirements, easily reconfigurable and reprogrammable to any change in the production line. In such new automated production lines, where traditional automation is not applicable, human and robot collaboration can be established, giving birth to a kind of industrial craftsmanship. The idea at the base of this work is to take advantage of collaborative robotics by using the robots as other generic industrial tools. To overcome the need of complex programming, identified in the literature as one of the main issues preventing cobot diffusion into industrial environments, the paper proposes an approach for simplifying the programming process while still maintaining high flexibility through a pyramidal parametrized approach exploiting cobot collaborative features. An Interactive Refinement Programming procedure is described and validated through a real test case performed as a pilot in the Building Automation department of ABB in Vittuone (Milan, Italy). The key novel ingredients in this approach are a first translation phase, carried out by engineers of production processes who convert the sequence of assembly operations into a preliminary code built as a sequence of robot operations, followed by an on-line correction carried out by non-expert users who can interact with the machine to define the input parameters to make the robotic code runnable. The users in this second step do not need any competence in programming robotic code. Moreover, from an economic point of view, a standardized way of assessing the convenience of the robotic investment is proposed. Both economic and technical results highlight improvements in comparison to the traditional automation approach, demonstrating the possibility to open new further opportunities for collaborative robots when small/medium batch sizes are involved.
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Wójcicki, Tomasz. "Model of Intelligent Design and Optimisation of Structures of Vision Systems for Surface Inspection." Solid State Phenomena 223 (November 2014): 272–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.223.272.
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The article presents a selected area of on-going research on the possibility of using intelligent computer-aided design systems for surface inspection of products manufactured in large batch processes. Systems based on machine vision are used wherever it is essential to obtain high efficiency, reproducibility, and where there is the need to use non-contact measurement methods. The IT solution significantly improves the design processes by automatically generating optimal configuration of machine vision systems intended for the detection of surface defects in manufactured products. General structure of the model and its individual modules, performing functions such as automatic component selection of machine vision systems, setting the angle of the light emission towards the surface of the analysed objects, and the selection of the range of light radiation are discussed. The individual configuration steps of vision systems for surface inspection, in which processes are implemented using expert systems making inferences based on both classical bivalent logic, as well as multi-valued fuzzy logic, are shown. The author presents the original methodology for the optimisation of structures forming vision systems intended for the reduction of components and costs associated with their implementation in physical structures, designed for use in production lines. The results of empirical studies of the calculation model are shown.
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Brevik, John, Daniel Nurmi, and Rich Wolski. "Using Model-based Clustering to Improve Predictions for Queueing Delay on Parallel Machines." Parallel Processing Letters 17, no. 01 (March 2007): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626407002855.
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Most space-sharing parallel computers presently operated by production high-performance computing centers use batch-queuing systems to manage processor allocation. In many cases, users wishing to use these batch-queued resources may choose among different queues (charging different amounts) potentially on a number of machines to which they have access. In such a situation, the amount of time a user's job will wait in any one batch queue can be a significant portion of the overall time from job submission to job completion. It thus becomes desirable to provide a prediction for the amount of time a given job can expect to wait in the queue. Further, it is natural to expect that attributes of an incoming job, specifically the number of processors requested and the amount of time requested, might impact that job's wait time. In this work, we explore the possibility of generating accurate predictions by automatically grouping jobs having similar attributes using model-based clustering. Moreover, we implement this clustering technique for a time series of jobs so that predictions of future wait times can be generated in real time. Using trace-based simulation on data from 7 machines over a 9-year period from across the country, comprising over one million job records, we show that clustering either by requested time, requested number of processors, or the product of the two generally produces more accurate predictions than earlier, more naive, approaches and that automatic clustering outperforms administrator-determined clustering.
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Farooq, Basit, Jinsong Bao, and Qingwen Ma. "Flow-Shop Predictive Modeling for Multi-Automated Guided Vehicles Scheduling in Smart Spinning Cyber–Physical Production Systems." Electronics 9, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050799.
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Pointed at a problem that leads to the high complexity of the production management tasks in the multi-stage spinning industry, mixed flow batch production is often the case in response to a customer’s personalized demands. Manual handling cans have a large number of tasks, and there is a long turnover period in their semi-finished products. A novel heuristic research was conducted that considered mixed-flow shop scheduling problems with automated guided vehicle (AGV) distribution and path planning to prevent conflict and deadlock by optimizing distribution efficiency and improving the automation degree of can distribution in a draw-out workshop. In this paper, a cross-region shared resource pool and an inter-regional independent resource pool, two AGV predictive scheduling strategies are established for the ring-spinning combing process. Besides completion time, AGV utilization rate and unit AGV time also analyzed with the bottleneck process of the production line. The results of the optimal computational experiment prove that a draw frame equipped with multi-AGV and coordinated scheduling optimization will significantly improve the efficiency of can distribution. Flow-shop predictive modeling for multi-AGV resources is scarce in the literature, even though this modeling also produces, for each AGV, a control mode and, if essential, a preventive maintenance plan.
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Sornek, Krzysztof, and Mariusz Filipowicz. "A study of the applicability of a straw-fired batch boiler as a heat source for a small-scale cogeneration unit." Chemical and Process Engineering 37, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2016-0041.
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Abstract Straw-fired batch boilers, due to their relatively simple structure and low operating costs, are an excellent source of heat for a wide range of applications. A concept prototype of a cogeneration system with a straw-fired batch boiler was developed. The basic assumptions were based on the principles of the Rankine Cycle and the Organic Rankine Cycle systems with certain design modifications. Using the prototype design of a system that collects high-temperature heat from the boiler, studies were performed. The studies involved an analysis of the flue gas temperature distribution in the area of the oil exchanger, a comparison of the instantaneous power of the boiler’s water and oil circuits for different modes of operation, as well as an analysis of the flue gas. In the proposed system configuration where the electricity production supplements heat generation, the power in the oil circuit may be maintained at a constant level of approx. 20-30 kW. This is possible provided that an automatic fuel supply system is applied. Assuming that the efficiency of the electricity generation system is not less than 10%, it will be possible to generate 2-3 kW of electricity. This value will be sufficient, for an on-site operation of the boiler.
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Skėrė, Simona, Aušra Žvironienė, Kazimieras Juzėnas, and Stasė Petraitienė. "Decision Support Method for Dynamic Production Planning." Machines 10, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10110994.
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Small and medium-sized engineering production companies face challenges that are related to unpredicted rapid changes of availability of the work force, materials and equipment. Those challenges are especially difficult to solve for companies focusing on unit or batch production and when they are collaborating with customers who require short lead times. A four-month observation was carried out in a metal processing company in Lithuania to understand the most common rising problems and developing solution for computerised decision support systems. It was discovered that the company needs a computerised “employee centred” system for the improvement of the allocation of tasks to employees. Such a need proved to be the most urgent one, especially during pandemics. An algorithm for the analysis and automated allocation of the employees’ tasks has been developed and tested. The proposed algorithm is universal and may be applied in different SMEs for engineering production.
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Finetto, Christian, Giulio Rosati, Maurizio Faccio, and Aldo Rossi. "Implementation framework for a fully flexible assembly system (F-FAS)." Assembly Automation 35, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-03-2014-022.
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Purpose – This paper aims to provide a framework for the choice, design, set-up and management of a fully flexible assembly system (F-FAS). Many industrial applications for small batch productions require highly flexible automated manufacturing systems. Moreover, some extensions of the F-FAS concept are provided. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews recent findings regarding the F-FAS with a top-down approach, and defines an integrated implementation framework. This framework is structured into three strictly correlated phases, and the presented procedure is organized to be readily used for new industrial applications. Practical applications are presented to show how the system can satisfy flexibility demands in a variety of cases. Findings – The proposed framework is organized in three steps: convenience analysis of the F-FAS compared to a traditional flexible assembly system; an optimal design of the feeder; a choice of the set-up and sequencing algorithm yielding the highest throughput. Following these steps, the F-FAS can become an effective solution for small batch productions with frequent reconfigurations. However, due to the limited throughput, the system is not well suited for large batches. Originality/value – The presented framework allows to implement an F-FAS for a given industrial application, and to evaluate its efficacy with respect to other assembly technologies. Moreover, with the same implementation framework, the F-FAS concept can be applied to production fields that are different from assembly, as shown by the provided examples. This represents an important element of originality and of interest for its strong practical implications in different production environments.
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Liang, Haigang, and Jinwei Qiao. "Analysis of Current Situation, Demand and Development Trend of Casting Grinding Technology." Micromachines 13, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 1577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101577.
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Although grinding is essential in the production of castings, the casting grinding process in manufacturing is complicated and there are many difficulties, such as the large amount of noise in the grinding environment, non-structural casting entities, and the inclination in the overall shape–time variation. Even in the face of complex technology and a variety of difficulties, modern casting grinding technology still demands large-batch production, low cost, fast response, thin brittleness, high precision, etc. The grinding process has a long history. This paper focus on its development from a human-operated, mechanical job, to an automatic grinding task based on compliant control theory. However, the methods mentioned above can no longer satisfy the current production need. In recent years, researchers have proposed intelligent grinding methods to meet the needs of modern casting production, and provided various strategies and alternatives to the challenges of machining accuracy, machining efficiency, and surface consistency. The research direction of casting polishing has mainly focused on online robot detection, material removal prediction, constant grinding contact force control, and high-precision matching. Although applications for online detection and constant grinding contact force control exist in industry, there are challenges in material removal prediction and three-dimensional high-precision matching. This paper also compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different grinding methods, and puts forward some research directions for future work, so as to promote more intelligent and efficient grinding of complex castings in practical application.
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Bauer, P., C. Gonnermann, A. Magana, and G. Reinhart. "Autonome Prüfsysteme in der digitalen Fabrik*/Autonomous inspection systems in the digital factory – Skill-based modelling within the geometric quality assurance for robot-based inspection systems." wt Werkstattstechnik online 109, no. 05 (2019): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2019-05-23.
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Kostendruck und individualisierte Massenproduktion wirken sich auf die Qualitätsprüfung aus. Infolgedessen haben sich automatisierte Prüfsysteme in den letzten Jahren hervorgetan. Derzeit ist vorab ein hohes Maß an Expertenwissen erforderlich, um das richtige Messverfahren in Abhängigkeit eines Messmerkmals auszuwählen. Das vorliegende Konzept beschreibt einen skill-basierten, lösungsneutralen Modellierungsansatz, der eine deutliche Reduktion von Planungsaufwänden insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Qualitätsprüfung bei Losgröße Eins verspricht. Cost pressure and individualized mass production have an impact on quality assurance. Consequently, automated inspection systems excelled in recent years. These days, a great amount of expert knowledge is required in advance to select the proper measuring method in dependence of the measurement feature. The presented concept describes a skill-based, solution-neutral modelling approach which promises a significant reduction of planning effort in particular in regard to the quality assurance of batch size one.
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Нырков, Д., D. Nyrkov, Александр Стариков, and Aleksandr Starikov. "Analysis of Advanced Algorithms Master Production Schedule for Custom Manufacture of Furniture." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 3 (November 1, 2017): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59c2124049cd45.48567850.
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The article discusses the algorithms employed in automated systems for master production scheduling in the applicability of their produce-to-order furniture. Small batch and custom production of furniture occupies a significant market share, as we do, and in the countries of Western Europe. Also, it is a prospective direction of development for other industries, focused on the end user. Most of the existing national planning systems designed for large-scale and mass production, in which the main role takes enterprise performance. Therefore, the main indicator, which is used by the optimization of scheduling, is the moment of completion of the last job. However, custom production is much more complex factors affecting the success of the enterprise as a whole: a key indicator in this case is the completion of all work no later than the specified time, not their early completion (within the terms established by treaties with customers). Also in the custom and small-scale production, it takes an important role time index spent on readjustment of the equipment associated with the transition to a different type of output. If these and other indicators do not have a significant role in large-scale production, the small-scale productions of these indicators have a significant impact on the performance of the enterprise, and they can no longer be neglected. In this paper, the three most promising mathematical algorithms (algorithm simulated annealing, genetic algorithm and artificial neural network), which allow us to optimize schedules based on several criteria applied to the problem of master production scheduling, customized production of furniture.
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Kumar, Ashish, Isuru A. Udugama, Carina L. Gargalo, and Krist V. Gernaey. "Why Is Batch Processing Still Dominating the Biologics Landscape? Towards an Integrated Continuous Bioprocessing Alternative." Processes 8, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8121641.
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Continuous manufacturing of biologics (biopharmaceuticals) has been an area of active research and development for many reasons, ranging from the demand for operational streamlining to the requirement of achieving obvious economic benefits. At the same time, biopharma strives to develop systems and concepts that can operate at similar scales for clinical and commercial production—using flexible infrastructures, such as single-use flow paths and small surge vessels. These developments should simplify technology transfer, reduce footprint and capital investment, and will allow to react readily to changing market pressures while maintaining quality attributes. Despite a number of clearly identified benefits compared to traditional batch processes, continuous bioprocessing is still not widely adopted for commercial manufacturing. This paper details how industry-specific technological, organizational, economic, and regulatory barriers that exist in biopharmaceutical manufacturing are hindering the adoption of continuous production processes. Based on this understanding, the roles of process systems engineering (PSE), process analytical technologies, and process modeling and simulation are highlighted as key enabling tools in overcoming these multi-faceted barriers in today’s manufacturing environment. Of course, we do recognize that there is also a need for a clear set of regulations to guide a transition of biologics manufacturing towards continuous processing. Furthermore, the role played by the emerging fields of process integration and automation as well as digitalization is explored, as these are the tools of the future to facilitate this transition from batch to continuous production. Finally, an outlook focusing on technology, management, and regulatory aspects is presented to identify key concerted efforts required to drive the broad adaptation of continuous manufacturing in biopharmaceutical processes.
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Rong, Yiming (Kevin), and Yong Bai. "Automated Generation of Fixture Configuration Design." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 119, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2831097.
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Flexible fixturing is a necessary aspect of Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems (CIMS). Modular fixtures are most widely used in industry for job and batch production. Computer-Aided Fixture Design (CAFD) has become a research focus in implementing FMS and CIMS. Fixture configuration design is an important issue in the domain of CAFD. A review of the current research in CAFD indicates that a major problem impeding the automated generation of fixture configurations is the lack of studies on fixture structures. This paper investigates fundamental structures of dowel-pin based modular fixtures and fixturing characteristics of commonly used modular fixture elements. A Modular Fixture Element Assembly Relationship Graph (MFEARG) is designed to represent combination relationships between fixture elements. Based on MFEARG, algorithms are developed to search all suitable fixturing unit candidates and mount them into appropriate positions on a baseplate with interference checking. A prototype system for automated design of dowel-pin modular fixture configurations is presented in this paper. Fixture design examples are given at the end of the paper.
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Carrez, Laurent, Vincent Martin, Anne Sophie Verrey, Pascal Furrer, Lucie Bouchoud, Ludivine Falaschi, and Pascal Bonnabry. "Qualification and Performance Evaluation of an Automated System for Compounding Injectable Cytotoxic Drugs." Pharmaceutical Technology in Hospital Pharmacy 3, no. 3 (August 28, 2018): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pthp-2018-0012.
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Abstract Background Use of automated systems for the production of chemotherapy will increase in answer to hospitals’ needs to rationalise production. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of a PharmaHelp® automated system for compounding chemotherapy. Methods Viable and non viable particles in air and liquid were measured by particle counter. Surface chemical contamination was simulated with a quinine solution. Microbiological contamination and aseptic processes were studied using media-fill tests. Dose accuracy was evaluated using a gravimetric method, in simulation studies and with real products in daily practice. Productivity was calculated by batch of ten IV-bags. Results No particles or microbiological contamination were detected. Filling was accurate for all the volumes of non-viscous solution studied (97–103 %). Minimum volumes which could be prepared accurately were 2 mL and 5 mL for the non-viscous and viscous solutions, respectively. For 2–5 mL volumes, the robot was less accurate than average, and 0–2 % of bags were rejected (deviation>10 %). Average fill deviations were from 0–3 % for 2–5 mL volumes and<1 % for volumes above 5 mL. Average production time for ten bags was 61±11 min. Conclusions The automated system was able to produce chemotherapy effectively, delivering appropriate quality with productivity comparable to manual preparations. These results confirmed that such automated systems have the potential to guarantee optimal safety for patients and technicians.
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Schovancová, Jaroslava, Alessandro Di Girolamo, Aristeidis Fkiaras, and Valentina Mancinelli. "Evolution of HammerCloud to commission CERN Compute resources." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 03033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921403033.
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HammerCloud is a testing service and framework to commission, run continuous tests or on-demand large-scale stress tests, and benchmark computing resources and components of various distributed systems with realistic full-chain experiment workflows. HammerCloud, used by the ATLAS and CMS experiments in production, has been a useful service to commission both compute resources and various components of the complex distributed systems of the LHC experiments, as well as integral partof the monitoring suite that is essential for the computing operations of the experiments and their automation. In this contribution we review recent developments of the HammerCloud service that allow use of HammerCloud infrastructure to test Data Centre resources in the early phases of the infrastructure and services commissioning process. One of thebenefits we believe HammerCloud can provide is to be able to tune the commissioning of the new infrastructure, functional and also stress testing, as well as benchmarking with "standard candle" workflows, with experiment realistic workloads, that can be heavy for CPU, or I/O, or IOPS, or everything together. This extension of HammerCloud has been successfully usedin CERN IT during the prototype phase of the "BEER" Batch on EOS (Evaluation of Resources) project, and is being integrated with the continuous integration/continuous deployment suite for Batch service VMs.
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Zhang, Fuqiang, and Jingjing Li. "An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Integrated Scheduling Model in AGV-Served Manufacturing Systems." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 17, no. 03 (July 30, 2018): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686718500221.
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To address the resources optimization problem of AGV-served manufacturing systems driven by multi-varieties and small-batch production orders, a scheduling model integrating machines and automated guided vehicles (AGVs) is proposed. In this model, the makespan of jobs from raw material storage to finished parts storage through multi-stage processes has been used as the objective function, and the utilization ratios of machines and AGVs have been used as the comprehensive evaluation functions. An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm with the characteristics of main particles and nested particles is developed to solve a reasonable scheduling scheme. Compared with the basic particle swarm optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm, the numerical result suggests that the nested particle swarm optimization algorithm has more advantages in convergence and solving efficiency. It is expected that this study can provide a useful reference for the flexible adjustment of AGV-served manufacturing systems.
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Britton, Thomas. "Automated and Distributed Monte Carlo Generation for GlueX." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 03028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024503028.
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MCwrapper is a set of systems that manages the entire Monte Carlo production workflow for GlueX and provides standards for how that Monte Carlo is produced. MCwrapper was designed to be able to utilize a variety of batch systems in a way that is relatively transparent to the user, thus enabling users to quickly and easily produce valid simulated data at home institutions worldwide. Additionally, MCwrapper supports an autonomous system that takes user’s project submissions via a custom web application. The system then atomizes the project into individual jobs, matches these jobs to resources, and monitors the jobs status. The entire system is managed by a database which tracks almost all facets of the systems from user submissions to the individual jobs themselves. Users can interact with their submitted projects online via a dashboard or, in the case of testing failure, can modify their project requests from a link contained in an automated email. Beginning in 2018 the GlueX Collaboration began to utilize the Open Science Grid (OSG) to handle a bulk of simulation tasks; these tasks are currently being performed on the OSG automatically via MCwrapper. This talk will outline the entire system of MCwrapper, its use cases, and the unique challenges facing the system.
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Schöfer, S., M. Schmitz, T. Prof Gries, C. Mack, and A. Basler. "Prozesskette zur Herstellung textiler 3D-Preforms/Multi-step production of textile 3D preforms - Use of tufting and particle foam technology for draping textile semi-finished parts." wt Werkstattstechnik online 107, no. 06 (2017): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2017-06-8.
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Die Umsetzung von Prozessketten zur automatisierten Fertigung von 3D-Preforms im industriell etablierten Stempelumformverfahren ist aufgrund hoher Investitionskosten für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen bisher nicht wirtschaftlich tragbar. Die neuentwickelte Prozesskette wirkt dem entgegen und verspricht, komplexe 3D-Preforms bei geringer Prozesszeit sowohl textil- als auch lastgerecht herzustellen und dabei Ausschussquoten aufgrund von Drapierfehlern sowie den Verschnitt zu senken. Implementing process chains for the automated manufacturing of 3D textile preforms based on the established industrial stamp forming technology is not economical for small- and medium-sized enterprises due to high investment costs for small batch sizes and variable geometries. The new process chain counteracts by manufacturing complex 3D preforms at low processing times, both textile- and load-conform, while reducing scrap rates from draping errors and offcut.
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Hillebrecht, M., V. Uhlenwinkel, A. von Hehl, H. Zapf, and B. Schob. "Basis für den industriellen 3D-Druck in Stahl/Basics for industrial 3D printing for steel - Contribution to additive manufacturing of complex products in multi-variant and functional skeleton construction." wt Werkstattstechnik online 107, no. 06 (2017): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2017-06-31.
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Mithilfe laserbasierter generativer Fertigungsverfahren (Laser Additive Manufacturing – LAM) ist es möglich, potentiell komplexe Bauteilgeometrien variantenreich herzustellen. Damit kann Gewicht eingespart werden und Funktionen sind integrierbar. In Kombination mit Automatisierungs- und innovativer Lasertechnik in der Schweiß- und Schneidapplikation lässt sich dieser Prozess wirtschaftlich nutzen. Durch pulverbettbasierte Lasergenerierverfahren können metallische Bauteile schichtweise aufgebaut werden, jedoch ist die Auswahl der Werkstoffe limitiert. Im Forschungsprojekt StaVari (Additive Fertigungsprozesse für komplexe Produkte in variantenreicher und hochfunktionaler Stahlbauweisen) vereinen sich die neuesten Erkenntnisse in Material-, Laser-, Füge- und Automatisierungstechnik, um modernen Anforderungen der Automobilbranche in der Massenfertigung sowie bei der Medizintechnik in der Kleinserie gerecht zu werden. Laser Additive Manufacturing LAM has the potential to generate complex geometries. Through this weight reduction, functional integration and multi-variant production is possible. In combination with automation and innovative laser technology applicated in welding and cutting, this process can be used economically. With powderbed based laser additive manufacturing metal parts can be built up layer by layer. However selection of available metals is limited. In the project StaVari latest findings in material-, laser-, joining and automation technology are joint by qualified partners to meet modern automotive demands in mass production and medicine technology for small batch series.
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D'Emilia, Giulio, and Emanuela Natale. "Use of MEMS sensors for condition monitoring of devices: discussion about the accuracy of features for diagnosis." International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering 12 (2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2021011.
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This paper analyses the effect of the variability of metrological characteristics of a set of low-cost Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) for the acceleration measurement, on the calculation of typical features used for condition monitoring (CM) of automatic production lines. The knowledge of the contribution of the variability of metrological characteristics to the final accuracy of features is an aspect of interest when networks of low-cost sensors are used, in particular in case the variability of their characteristics is high. In fact, due to a mass production, the calibration is not carried out sensor by sensor, but the characteristics are determined on a sample basis and assigned to the entire batch. Neglecting the variability between sensors can lead to effects on the results of data analysis, which are not easily predictable. In this paper, the real variability of the sensor's characteristics, experimentally evaluated through the calibration of a set of 25 low-cost MEMS accelerometers, has been taken into account. Digital sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio and data rate variability of each device have been considered for the analysis. The analysis has been carried out with reference to two different test cases of industrial interest, by modifying the real outputs of high performance piezoelectric accelerometers used for CM, in order to simulate the effect of the metrological characteristics of MEMS sensors. The results show which features, among those typically used for CM, are more affected and which characteristics of MEMS are more influencing the features themselves, with reference to the specific considered applications.
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MIKITENKO, IGOR I. "DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC MODELS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS BY STAGES OF THE LIFE CYCLE." H&ES Research 13, no. 2 (2021): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2409-5419-2021-13-2-44-51.
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Introduction: when forecasting and simultaneously supporting the planned development of a set of large technical systems, it is required to develop an integrated mechanism for accounting for the state and costs of resources. The approaches known for these purposes are characterized by high complexity of implementation and fragmentation over the stages of the system cycle. Purpose: to develop a complex of interrelated economic models for the analysis and development of large technical systems. Results: on the basis of scientific directions of economic analysis, aspects of the development of economic models were considered and on their basis, modeling of complex composite technical systems by stages of their life cycle was carried out in the interests of the subsequent formation and adoption of managerial decisions both in the selection and implementation of such systems, and in support of their development. The set of economic models is combined into a generalized model of systems development in the interests of a comprehensive assessment of current and future costs, further forecasting and, based on the results of simulation and calculations, making effective decisions. Since a feature of the production of large technical systems is their serial nature of products, then the integrated model evaluates the costs both for individual systems and for the stages of their life cycle, and for the entire complex of systems as a whole. Modeling of various modes of financing the development of one system or their complex is predicted, the features for each stage of development are taken into account. The possibility of assessing the structural restructuring of the relationship of enterprises participating in the production process and changing the possible sequence of technological processes for the production of samples has been obtained. Practical relevance: the proposed model (s) for batch or piece production of products is recommended in specific science-intensive areas of mechanical engineering and is applicable, for example, in aviation, space, shipbuilding, mining, and other industries. Its application is especially important in the design, development and manufacture of products for government orders. Discussion: the presented solution is proposed to be formalized with a software package and to create an automated control system for the development, production, operation and disposal of large technical systems with the functions of a decision support system.
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Zhao, Rongli, Guangxin Zou, Qianyi Su, Shangwen Zou, Wenshun Deng, Ailin Yu, and Hao Zhang. "Digital Twins-Based Production Line Design and Simulation Optimization of Large-Scale Mobile Phone Assembly Workshop." Machines 10, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10050367.
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The mobile phone is a typical 3C electronic product characterized by frequent replacement, multiple product specifications, high flexibility, high-frequency production line switching, and urgent delivery time during production. Therefore, the optimized design of the mobile phone production workshop is crucial. This paper takes the assembly process of a specific type of mobile phone assembly as the research object and adopts the heuristic balance method to combine the production procedures. Moreover, it considers the automation degree of the process and the demand for production line rhythm to carry out station division and working hours design for the assembly process. The advantages and disadvantages of the plug-and-play production line and unit production line architecture are integrated, aiming at the production line’s construction cost and unit area capacity. A hybrid workshop with a mixed combination of two types of production lines is designed and an optimization model of hybrid workshop design is established. The semi-physical simulation technology of digital twins is utilized to verify the proposed design scheme to achieve the balance optimization of the production line, improve production efficiency, and reduce production costs. This work provides a technical scheme for designing and optimizing large-scale mobile phone assembly workshops with multi-batch and high-frequency production changes.
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Sawatzki, Annina, Sebastian Hans, Harini Narayanan, Benjamin Haby, Niels Krausch, Michael Sokolov, Florian Glauche, Sebastian Riedel, Peter Neubauer, and Mariano Cruz Bournazou. "Accelerated Bioprocess Development of Endopolygalacturonase-Production with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using Multivariate Prediction in a 48 Mini-Bioreactor Automated Platform." Bioengineering 5, no. 4 (November 21, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering5040101.
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Mini-bioreactor systems enabling automatized operation of numerous parallel cultivations are a promising alternative to accelerate and optimize bioprocess development allowing for sophisticated cultivation experiments in high throughput. These include fed-batch and continuous cultivations with multiple options of process control and sample analysis which deliver valuable screening tools for industrial production. However, the model-based methods needed to operate these robotic facilities efficiently considering the complexity of biological processes are missing. We present an automated experiment facility that integrates online data handling, visualization and treatment using multivariate analysis approaches to design and operate dynamical experimental campaigns in up to 48 mini-bioreactors (8–12 mL) in parallel. In this study, the characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae AH22 secreting recombinant endopolygalacturonase is performed, running and comparing 16 experimental conditions in triplicate. Data-driven multivariate methods were developed to allow for fast, automated decision making as well as online predictive data analysis regarding endopolygalacturonase production. Using dynamic process information, a cultivation with abnormal behavior could be detected by principal component analysis as well as two clusters of similarly behaving cultivations, later classified according to the feeding rate. By decision tree analysis, cultivation conditions leading to an optimal recombinant product formation could be identified automatically. The developed method is easily adaptable to different strains and cultivation strategies, and suitable for automatized process development reducing the experimental times and costs.
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Yaroshchuk, Liudmyla, and Yevheniia Tiurina. "Modeling and control of oils and greases adsorptive purification in the changing raw materials mode." Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.3.2022.265361.
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The development of the production sphere and transport determines the need for industrial and transport oils and greases regeneration. A feature of production processes for purification waste is the significant unstable properties of raw materials that come in for purification.
An urgent task is to create control systems for the purification of these substances when they arrive with significantly different properties.
The purpose of the study is to improve efficiency of automation systems of adsorption purification by determining relationship between properties of each new batch of raw materials and necessary conditions for its purification.
Analysis of the adsorption purification technology, typical solutions of control systems and raw materials properties made it possible to justify the need to create a special mathematical support for control of the changing raw materials stage.
A control method aimed at achieving this goal is proposed, which is based on the use of a database. The method involves following stages: searching in the database of substances-analogs for new raw materials; statistical studies of the regime parameters array found for analogues; making decisions on correcting tasks for controllers; parameters adaptation specifically to new raw materials; entering facts about properties of new raw materials and relevant parameters into the database.
Statistical studies involve the description of substances properties and the purification process in several forms (types of models) and a gradual change of forms depending on the database capacity. The article provides an example of the algorithm implementation using MS Access.
The results are obtained on the basis of methods of system analysis, statistical studies, control systems design and databases.
The scientific novelty of obtained results is as follows: in singling out the arrival of new raw materials as a separate operation mode of the control object; in the method of forming tasks for controllers using database of analogue raw materials; in the application of various forms of connection between the properties of substances and mode parameters depending on the database capacity.
The obtained results make it possible to increase efficiency of the control systems of waste regeneration productions by reducing time and increasing the accuracy of determining necessary conditions for the processing of various contaminated raw materials.
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Pritchin, S., V. Dragobetsky, V. Palagin, V. Bakhmat, and D. Pasenko. "SYSTEM OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF MEASUREMENT OF INDUSTRIAL CONTROLLED PARAMETERS OF SILICON FOR POROUS SUBSTRATES." Electromechanical and energy saving systems 4, no. 56 (December 2021): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/2072-2052.2021.4.56.80-86.
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Purpose. The article discusses the features of improving the technology of growing gallium arsenide ingots for the production of substrates that are intended for applying a porous film. Such porous gallium arsenide is used to manufacture gas sensors with improved technical parameters. Such sensors are highly sensitive and can operate at room temperature without the use of heating systems. To improve the technology of growing gallium arsenide ingots, the paper proposes the development of software for an information-control system for growing ingots. The features of the technological process of growing gallium arsenide ingots are considered in detail and the main parameters that directly affect the process are analyzed. Based on the analysis, the requirements for the operation algorithm of the information and control system have been developed. Methodology. The developed algorithm allows organizing the system operation in three modes; Technologist mode, operator mode, adjuster mode. Each mode has its own privileges and its own limitations. In addition, the algorithm allows organizing control and output of information from the following subsystems: heater control subsystem, crucible control subsystem, seed control subsystem, weight sensor control subsystem, as well as storing information in the database. Results. Software has been developed that implements this algorithm. The technologist mode is designed to form the growth profile of ingots. The technologist can choose one of the existing profiles previously recorded with reference to the ingot brand, or create a new profile in case of launching a new batch of products. The profile allows you to bind changes in technological parameters to the length of the ingot. In the "Operator" mode, the system displays current information about the technological process and allows you to organize work in automatic or manual mode. Manual mode is designed to adjust the process parameters in case of emergency situations. In the “Adjuster” mode, it is possible to configure the control system depending on specific requirements, change the PID controller coefficients, and configure input and output signals. Originality. The proposed program differs from the existing ones in that it allows you to freely configure the control system for the growth of gallium arsenide ingots, in particular, to change the parameters with reference to the length of the grown ingot or to the diameter of the ingot. Change the parameters of the inputs and outputs of the controllers. Practical value. The developed system makes it possible to improve the quality of gallium arsenide ingots by eliminating the human factor, which often leads to process parameters going beyond acceptable values, to increase the repeatability of ingot parameters, and to obtain better substrates for manufacturing gas sensors. The proposed software can be used for the system of growing silicon ingots in the electronics industry. Figures 4, references 14.
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Lipke, Elizabeth A., Wen J. Seeto, Yuan Tian, Mohammadjafar Hashemi, Iman Hassani, Benjamin Anbiah, Nicole L. Habbit, Michael W. Greene, Dmitriy Minond, and Shantanu Pradhan. "Abstract 175: Production of cancer tissue-engineered microspheres for high-throughput screening." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-175.
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Abstract There is a need for new in vitro systems that enable pharmaceutical companies to collect more physiologically-relevant information on drug response in a low-cost and high-throughput manner. For this purpose, three-dimensional (3D) spheroidal models have been established as more effective than two-dimensional models. Current commercial techniques, however, rely heavily on self-aggregation of dissociated cells and are unable to replicate key features of the native tumor microenvironment, particularly due to a lack of control over extracellular matrix components and heterogeneity in shape, size, and aggregate forming tendencies. In this study, we overcome these challenges by coupling tissue engineering toolsets with microfluidics technologies to create engineered cancer microspheres. Specifically, we employ biosynthetic hydrogels composed of conjugated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and fibrinogen protein (PEG-Fb) to create engineered breast and colorectal cancer tissue microspheres for 3D culture, tumorigenic characterization, and examination of potential for high-throughput screening (HTS). MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were used to create breast cancer microspheres and the HT29 cell line and cells from a stage II patient-derived xenograft (PDX) were encapsulated to produce colorectal cancer (CRC) microspheres. Using our previously developed microfluidic system, highly uniform cancer microspheres (intra-batch coefficient of variation (CV) ≤ 5%, inter-batch CV < 2%) with high cell densities (>20×106 cells/ml) were produced rapidly, which is critical for use in drug testing. Encapsulated cells maintained high viability and displayed cell type-specific differences in morphology, proliferation, metabolic activity, ultrastructure, and overall microsphere size distribution and bulk stiffness. For PDX CRC microspheres, the percentage of human (70%) and CRC (30%) cells was maintained over time and similar to the original PDX tumor, and the mechanical stiffness also exhibited a similar order of magnitude (103 Pa) to the original tumor. The cancer microsphere system was shown to be compatible with an automated liquid handling system for administration of drug compounds; MDA-MB-231 microspheres were distributed in 384 well plates and treated with staurosporine (1 μM) and doxorubicin (10 μM). Expected responses were quantified using CellTiter-Glo® 3D, demonstrating initial applicability to HTS drug discovery. PDX CRC microspheres were treated with Fluorouracil (5FU) (10 to 500 μM) and displayed a decreasing trend in metabolic activity with increasing drug concentration. Providing a more physiologically relevant tumor microenvironment in a high-throughput and low-cost manner, the PF hydrogel-based cancer microspheres could potentially improve the translational success of drug candidates by providing more accurate in vitro prediction of in vivo drug efficacy. Citation Format: Elizabeth A. Lipke, Wen J. Seeto, Yuan Tian, Mohammadjafar Hashemi, Iman Hassani, Benjamin Anbiah, Nicole L. Habbit, Michael W. Greene, Dmitriy Minond, Shantanu Pradhan. Production of cancer tissue-engineered microspheres for high-throughput screening [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 175.
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Mahmood, Ali, and Sepehr Abrishami. "BIM for lean building surveying services." Construction Innovation 20, no. 3 (May 14, 2020): 447–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-11-2019-0131.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the implementation of building information modelling (BIM) concepts of the various processes involved in building surveying practice can lead to a reduction in waste. In turn leading to a synergy between BIM functionalities and lean production concepts. Design/methodology/approach To verify and validate the existence of this synergy between the two methods in building surveying, evidences were gathered from previous literature that supports these interactions. Next, a questionnaire was conducted for the purpose of identifying new interactions and providing further evidence to support existing interactions. Finally, based on the findings from previous literature and the results of the questionnaire, an interaction matrix was constructed linking the two concepts with the relevant evidence found. Findings The results of the questionnaire show that the BIM functionality with the highest interactions, maintenance of information integrity, had a high correlation with the reduction of variability, cycle time, batch size and promoting standardization of value flow. 4 D model-based scheduling, the second highest functionality, showed a high correlation with the reduction of variability, cycle time, batch size and an increase in the use of visual management. Finally, the results of the interaction matrix between the two concepts showed that the BIM functionalities with the most interactions were maintenance of information integrity, visualization of form and the automated generation of models and documents. The lean principles with the most interactions were reducing variability, cycle time, batch size as well as “enables visual management”. While most of these interactions were positive, negative interactions were also observed. These negative interactions were due to the fact that the level of competency and knowledge in BIM for building surveyors is at reduced levels which can lead to increased human errors. Originality/value The significance of this study is to provide the basis for building surveying organizations who wish to implement BIM and how this would lead to a synergy between BIM functionalities and lean principles. Both positive and negative interactions were considered to provide these organizations with different options for waste elimination.
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Laursen, Johan Sund, Lars-Peter Ellekilde, and Ulrik Pagh Schultz. "Modelling reversible execution of robotic assembly." Robotica 36, no. 5 (January 11, 2018): 625–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574717000613.
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SUMMARYProgramming robotic assembly for industrial small-batch production is challenging; hence, it is vital to increase robustness and reduce development effort in order to achieve flexible robotic automation. A human who has made an assembly error will often simply undo the process until the error is undone and then restart the assembly. Conceptually, robots could do the same. This paper introduces a programming model that enables robot assembly programs to be executed in reverse. We investigate the challenges in running robot programs backwards and present a classification of reversibility characteristics. We demonstrate how temporarily switching the direction of program execution can be an efficient error recovery mechanism. Moreover, we demonstrate additional benefits arising from supporting reversibility in an assembly language, such as increased code reuse and automatically derived disassembly sequences. As a default approach to reversibility, we use program inversion and statement-level inversion of commands, but with a novel override option providing alternative sequences for asymmetric reverse actions. To efficiently program for this model, this paper introduces a new domain-specific language, SCP-RASQ (Simple C++ Reversible Assembly SeQuences). In initial experiments, where 200 consecutive assemblies of two industrial cases were performed, 18 of 22 errors were corrected automatically using only the trial-and-error capabilities that come from reverse execution.
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Górski, Filip, Radosław Wichniarek, Wiesław Kuczko, and Magdalena Żukowska. "Study on Properties of Automatically Designed 3D-Printed Customized Prosthetic Sockets." Materials 14, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 5240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185240.
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This paper presents the results of experiments conducted on a batch of additively manufactured customized prosthetic sockets for upper limbs, made of thermoplastics and designed automatically on the basis of a 3D-scanned limb of a 3-year-old patient. The aim of this work was to compare sockets made of two different materials—rigid PLA and elastic TPE. Two distinct socket designs with various mounting systems were prepared. To find a reliable set of parameters for cheap and stable manufacturing of usable prostheses using 3D printers, realizing the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, sets of sockets were manufactured with various process parameters. This paper presents the methodology of the design, the plan of the experiments and the obtained results in terms of process stability, fit and assessment by patient, as well as strength of the obtained sockets and their measured surface roughness. The results are promising, as most of the obtained products fulfil the strength criteria, although not all of them meet the fitting and use comfort criteria. As a result, recommendations of materials and process parameters were determined. These parameters were included in a prototype of the automated design and production system developed by the authors, and prostheses for several other patients were manufactured.
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Ouranidis, Andreas, Christina Davidopoulou, Reald-Konstantinos Tashi, and Kyriakos Kachrimanis. "Pharma 4.0 Continuous mRNA Drug Products Manufacturing." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091371.
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Continuous mRNA drugs manufacturing is perceived to nurture flow processes featuring quality by design, controlled automation, real time validation, robustness, and reproducibility, pertaining to regulatory harmonization. However, the actual adaptation of the latter remains elusive, hence batch-to-continuous transition would a priori necessitate holistic process understanding. In addition, the cost related to experimental, pilot manufacturing lines development and operations thereof renders such venture prohibitive. Systems-based Pharmaceutics 4.0 digital design enabling tools, i.e., converging mass and energy balance simulations, Monte-Carlo machine learning iterations, and spatial arrangement analysis were recruited herein to overcome the aforementioned barriers. The primary objective of this work is to hierarchically design the related bioprocesses, embedded in scalable devices, compatible with continuous operation. Our secondary objective is to harvest the obtained technological data and conduct resource commitment analysis. We herein demonstrate for first time the feasibility of the continuous, end-to-end production of sterile mRNA formulated into lipid nanocarriers, defining the equipment specifications and the desired operational space. Moreover, we find that the cell lysis modules and the linearization enzymes ascend as the principal resource-intensive model factors, accounting for 40% and 42% of the equipment and raw material, respectively. We calculate MSPD 1.30–1.45 €, demonstrating low margin lifecycle fluctuation.
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Rudas, Imre J. "Intelligent Engineering Systems." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 4, no. 4 (July 20, 2000): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2000.p0237.
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The "information revolution" of our time affects our entire generation. While a vision of the "Information Society," with its financial, legal, business, privacy, and other aspects has emerged in the past few years, the "traditional scene" of information technology, that is, industrial automation, maintained its significance as a field of unceasing development. Since the old-fashioned concept of "Hard Automation" applicable only to industrial processes of fixed, repetitive nature and manufacturing large batches of the same product1)was thrust to the background by keen market competition, the key element of this development remained the improvement of "Machine Intelligence". In spite of the fact that L. A. Zadeh already introduced the concept of "Machine Intelligence Quotient" in 1996 to measure machine intelligence2) , this term remained more or less of a mysterious meaning best explicable on the basis of practical needs. The weak point of hard automation is that the system configuration and operations are fixed and cannot be changed without incurring considerable cost and downtime. Mainly it can be used in applications that call for fast and accurate operation in large batch production. Whenever a variety of products must be manufactured in small batches and consequently the work-cells of a production line should be quickly reconfigured to accommodate a change in products, hard automation becomes inefficient and fails due to economic reasons. In these cases, new, more flexible way of automation, so-called "Soft Automation," are expedient and suitable. The most important "ingredient" of soft automation is its adaptive ability for efficiently coping with changing, unexpected or previously unknown conditions, and working with a high degree of uncertainty and imprecision since in practice increasing precision can be very costly. This adaptation must be realized without or within limited human interference: this is one essential component of machine intelligence. Another important factor is that engineering practice often must deal with complex systems of multiple variable and multiple parameter models almost always with strong nonlinear coupling. Conventional analysis-based approaches for describing and predicting the behavior of such systems in many cases are doomed to failure from the outset, even in the phase of the construction of a more or less appropriate mathematical model. These approaches normally are too categorical in the sense that in the name of "modeling accuracy," they try to describe all structural details of the real physical system to be modeled. This significantly increases the intricacy of the model and may result in huge computational burden without considerably improving precision. The best paradigm exemplifying this situation may be the classic perturbation theory: the less significant the achievable correction is, the more work must be invested for obtaining it. Another important component of machine intelligence is a kind of "structural uniformity" giving room and possibility to model arbitrary particular details a priori not specified and unknown. This idea is similar to that of the ready-to-wear industry, whose products can later be slightly modified in contrast to the custom-tailors' made-to-measure creations aiming at maximum accuracy from the beginning. Machines carry out these later corrections automatically. This "learning ability" is another key element of machine intelligence. To realize the above philosophy in a mathematically correct way, L. A. Zadeh separated Hard Computing from Soft Computing. This revelation immediately resulted in distinguishing between two essential complementary branches of machine intelligence: Hard Computing based Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing based Computational Intelligence. In the last decades, it became generally known that fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks, and probabilistic reasoning based Soft Computing is a fruitful orientation in designing intelligent systems. Moreover, it became generally accepted that soft computing rather than hard computing should be viewed as the foundation of real machine intelligence via exploiting the tolerance for imprecision, uncertainty and partial truth to achieve tractability, robustness, low solution cost and better rapport with reality. Further research in the past decade confirmed the view that typical components of present soft computing such as fuzzy logic, neurocomputing, evolutionary computation and probabilistic reasoning are complementary and best results can be obtained by their combined application. These complementary branches of Machine Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence, serve as the basis of Intelligent Engineering Systems. The huge number of scientific results published in journals and conference proceedings worldwide substantiates this statement. Three years ago, a new series of conferences in this direction was initiated and launched with the support of several organizations including the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society and IEEE Hungary Section in technical cooperation with IEEE Robotics & Automation Society. The first event of the series hosted by Bdnki Dondt Polytechnic, Budapest, Hungary, was called "19997 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems " (INES'97). The Technical University of Vienna, Austria hosted the next event of the series in 1998, followed by INES'99 held by the Technical University of Kosice, Slovakia. The present special issue consists of the extended and revised version of the most interesting papers selected out of the presentations of this conference. The papers exemplify recent development trends of intelligent engineering systems. The first paper pertains to the wider class of neural network applications. It is an interesting report of applying a special Adaptive Resonance Theory network for identifying objects in multispectral images. It is called "Extended Gaussian ARTMAP". The authors conclude that this network is especially advantageous for classification of large, low dimensional data sets. The second paper's subject belongs to the realm of fuzzy systems. It reports successful application of fundamental similarity relations in diagnostic systems. As an example failure detection of rolling-mill transmission is considered. The next paper represents the AI-branch of machine intelligence. The paper is a report on an EU-funded project focusing on the storage of knowledge in a corporate organizational memory used for storing and retrieving knowledge chunks for it. The flexible structure of the system makes it possible to adopt it to different SMEs via using company-specific conceptual terms rather than traditional keywords. The fourth selected paper's contribution is to the field of knowledge discovery. For this purpose in the first step, cluster analysis is done. The method is found to be helpful whenever little or no information on the characteristics of a given data set is available. The next paper approaches scheduling problems by the application of the multiagent system. It is concluded that due to the great number of interactions between components, MAS seems to be well suited for manufacturing scheduling problems. The sixth selected paper's topic is emerging intelligent technologies in computer-aided engineering. It discusses key issues of CAD/CAM technology of our days. The conclusion is that further development of CAD/CAM methods probably will serve companies on the competitive edge. The seventh paper of the selection is a report on seeking a special tradeoff between classical analytical modeling and traditional soft computing. It nonconventionally integrates uniform structures obtained from Lagrangian Classical Mechanics with other simple elements of machine intelligence such as saturated sigmoid transition functions borrowed from neural nets, and fuzzy rules with classical PID/ST, and a simplified version of regression analysis. It is concluded that these different components can successfully cooperate in adaptive robot control. The last paper focuses on the complexity problem of fuzzy and neural network approaches. A fuzzy rule base, be it generated from expert operators or by some learning or identification schemes, may contain redundant, weakly contributing, or outright inconsistent components. Moreover, in pursuit of good approximation, one may be tempted to overly assign the number of antecedent sets, thereby resulting in large fuzzy rule bases and much problems in computation time and storage space. Engineers using neural networks have to face the same complexity problem with the number of neurons and layers. A fuzzy rule base and neural network design, hence, have two important objectives. One is to achieve a good approximation. The other is to reduce the complexity. The main difficulty is that these two objectives are contradictory. A formal approach to extracting the more pertinent elements of a given rule set or neurons is, hence, highly desirable. The last paper is an attempt in this direction. References 1)C. W. De Silva. Automation Intelligence. Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence. Vol. 7. No. 5. 471-477 (1994). 2)L. A. Zadeh. Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks and Soft Computing. NATO Advanced Studies Institute on Soft Computing and Its Application. Antalya, Turkey. (1996). 3)L. A. Zadeh. Berkeley Initiative in Soft Computing. IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Newsletter. 41, (3), 8-10 (1994).
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Smoliar, V., І. Sliusar, I. Chernytska, V. Knysh, and О. Orysenko. "INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE BRIDGE CRANE DUE TO THE INTRODUCTION OF ARDUINO'S HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE BASE IN ITS CONTROL SYSTEM." Системи управління, навігації та зв’язку. Збірник наукових праць 3, no. 49 (July 3, 2018): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/sunz.2018.3.143.
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The research results of the possibility of increasing the productivity of the bridge crane through the introduction of hardware and software base Arduino in its control system are given in the article. The indexes of technical productivity of batch operation lift and carry machines of periodic action are analyzed and the working cycle duration has been shortened. Several cases (successive execution –- each subsequent movement only begins after the end of the previous one; partial combination – combine only a few separate movements are combined; full alignment – all crane movements with the load are combined in time) is considered. In this article, based on the results of the analysis, the control of the load-lifting machine was built due to of the introduction of telecommunication systems and technologies, namely the use of microcontrollers with the implementation of control using wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Bluetooth, Wi-Fi) network. Because there is the need to increase the productivity of lift and carry machines, to improve the working conditions of personnel, to improve the reliability and durability of machine elements, causes the creation of new, more advanced systems of machine management and partial or complete automation of their work. Safety in the production will increase significantly with this technology, as it will be possible to implement protection against overload, excess speed, rocking, moving cargo to areas where people are located and so on the results of the article are shown. Crane management can be done either from the operator's cab, directly controlled by the controller, or remotely, by transmitting signals over wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Bluetooth, Wi-Fi) networks.
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Salila Vijayalal Mohan, Hari Krishna, Pyei Phyo Aung, Chee Fong Ng, Zheng Zheng Wong, and Andrew Alexander Malcolm. "Rapid Non-Invasive Capacitive Assessment of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Authenticity." Electronics 12, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020359.
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Economically motivated adulteration (EMA) and/or cross-contamination are the two major factors resulting in the substandard quality of premium edible oil like extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) produced in food and beverage (F&B) fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industries. Current quality assurance methods (e.g., spectroscopy and chromatography) in FMCG involve intrusive sample extraction and ex situ analysis in a laboratory using expensive bulky instrumentation, which is neither integrable inline nor scalable to match the production throughput. Such techniques do not meet the industrial requirements of in situ testing, non-intrusive analysis, and high throughput inspection (100% product verification) leading to food loss and package waste from unwanted batch rejects. Herein, a low-cost electrical approach based on capacitance is proposed to show the proof of concept for screening EVOO-filled containers non-invasively for adulteration without any sample extraction by capturing the differences in the dielectric properties of mixed oils. The sensor system displayed a fast response (100 ms) and low detection limits for different adulterants (olive oil (32.8%), canola oil (19.4%), soy oil (10.3%) and castor oil (1.7%)), which is suitable for high-throughput (>60 sample/min) screening. Furthermore, a low-cost automated system prototype was realized to showcase the possibility of translating the proof of concept for possible scaling up and inline integration.
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Williams, R. E., and K. P. Rajurkar. "Stochastic Modeling and Analysis of Abrasive Flow Machining." Journal of Engineering for Industry 114, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899761.
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Finishing operations in the metal working industry represent a critical and expensive phase of the overall production process. A new process called Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM) promises to provide the accuracy, efficiency, economy, and the possibility of effective automation needed by the manufacturing community. The AFM process is still in its infancy in many respects. The process mechanism, parametric relationships, surface integrity, process control issues have not been effectively addressed. This paper presents preliminary results of an investigation into some aspects of the AFM process performance, surface characterization, and process modeling. The effect of process input parameters (such as media viscosity, extrusion pressure, and number of cycles) on the process performance parameters (metal removal rate and surface finish) are discussed. A stochastic modeling and analysis technique called Data Dependent Systems (DDS) has been used to study AFM generated surface. The Green’s function of the AFM surface profile models provides a “characteristic shape” that is the superimposition of two exponentials. The analysis of autocovariance of the surface profile data also indicates the presence of two real roots. The pseudo-frequencies associated with these two real roots have been linked to the path of the abrasive grains and to the cutting edges of the grain. Furthermore, expressions have been proposed for estimating the abrasive grain wear and the number of grains actively involved in cutting with a view towards developing indicators of media batch life. A brief introduction to the AFM process and related research is also included in this paper.
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Jang, Jae-Cheol, Zhikai Zeng, Gerald C. Shurson, and Pedro E. Urriola. "Effects of Gas Production Recording System and Pig Fecal Inoculum Volume on Kinetics and Variation of In Vitro Fermentation using Corn Distiller’s Dried Grains with Solubles and Soybean Hulls." Animals 9, no. 10 (October 9, 2019): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100773.
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An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of inoculum volume (IV), substrate quantity, and the use of a manual or automated gas production (GP) recording system for in vitro determinations of fermentation of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (cDDGS) and soybean hulls (SBH). A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used and included the factors of (1) ingredients (cDDGS or SBH), (2) inoculum volume and substrate quantity (IV30 = 0.2 g substrate + 30 mL inoculum or IV75 = 0.5 g substrate + 75 mL inoculum), and (3) GP recording system (MRS = manual recording system or ARS = automated recording system). Feed ingredient samples were pre-treated with pepsin and pancreatin, and the hydrolyzed residues were subsequently incubated with fresh pig feces in a buffered mineral solution. The GP recording was monitored for 72 h, and the kinetics were estimated by fitting data using an exponential model. Compared with SBH, cDDGS yielded less (p < 0.01) maximal gas production (Gf), required more time (p < 0.02) to achieve half gas accumulation (T/2), and had less (p < 0.01) fractional rate of degradation (µ) and in vitro fermentability of dry matter (IVDMF). Using the ARS resulted in less IVDMF (p < 0.01) compared with MRS (79.0% vs. 81.2%, respectively). Interactions were observed between GP recording system and inoculum volume and substrate quantity for Gf (p < 0.04), µ (p < 0.01), and T/2 (p < 0.04) which implies that increasing inoculum volume and substrate quantity resulted in decreased Gf (332 mL/g from IV30 vs. 256 mL/g from IV75), µ (0.05 from IV30 vs. 0.04 from IV75), and T/2 (34 h for IV30 vs. 25 h for IV75) when recorded with ARS but not MRS. However, the recorded cumulative GP at 72 h was not influenced by the inoculum volume nor recording system. The precision of Gf (as measured by the coefficient of variation of Gf) tended to increase for IV30 compared with IV75 (p < 0.10), indicating that using larger inoculum volume and substrate quantity (IV75) reduced within batch variation in GP kinetics. Consequently, both systems showed comparable results in GP kinetics, but considering convenience and achievement of consistency, 75 mL of inoculum volume with 0.5 g substrate is recommended for ARS.
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SOFOKLEOUS, ANASTASIS A., and ANDREAS S. ANDREOU. "AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION OF TEST DATA WITH A MULTIPLE BATCH-OPTIMISTIC METHOD." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 18, no. 01 (February 2009): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213009000044.
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Recent research on software testing focuses on integrating techniques, such as computational intelligence, with special purpose software tools so as to minimize human effort, reduce costs and automate the testing process. This work proposes a complete software testing framework that utilizes a series of specially designed genetic algorithms to generate automatically test data with reference to the edge/condition testing coverage criterion. The framework utilizes a program analyzer, which examines the program's source code and builds dynamically program models for automatic testing, and a test data generation system that utilizes genetic algorithms to search the input space and determine a near to optimum set of test cases with respect to the testing coverage criterion. The performance of the framework is evaluated on a pool of programs consisting of both standard and random-generated programs. Finally, the proposed test data generation system is compared against other similar approaches and the results are discussed.
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Boyd, Jeffrey A., Bruce L. Levine, Kathrin Jinivizian, Margit A. Jeschke, Megan M. Suhoski Davis, Zhaohui Zheng, Daniel Stark, Liza Loidolt, Christopher H. Keir, and Patricia A. Wood. "Successful Translation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) Targeting CD19 (CTL019) Cell Processing Technology from Academia to Industry." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 3100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3100.3100.
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Abstract Introduction: Use of chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) targeting CD19 (CTL019) as a cell-based immunotherapy has been reported to have positive results with high complete response rates in hematological malignancies, including relapsed/refractory (r/r) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). In all the studies reported thus far with CTL019, the cell therapy was processed in an academic center (University of Pennsylvania). For large-scale manufacturing of CTL019 and more widespread distribution to patients and physicians, a focus on scalability to meet demands is critical. Here we report the outcomes from successful transfer of CTL019 processing technology from academia to our large-scale GMP facility. Methods & Results: The focus of effective transfer included areas of manufacturing process and analytical technology to consistently manufacture CTL019 with scale-up capabilities. Through strong collaboration of diverse technology transfer team participants from academia, GMP production, Technical development, Quality Assurance and Regulatory, we developed a step-based approach for process transfer. After gathering data from the academia process we made improvements to further enhance control and consistency of the process by implementing key Quality Systems elements (e.g., batch record, change control, process SOPs). Areas of improvement included closing of process steps through customized consumable and equipment solutions; replacing some manual processes with automation solutions and developing a new quantitation method for the expression of the CTL019 transgene. Initial production and release testing results and experience were gained by utilizing healthy donor starting material for manufacturing the cell product in our large scale GMP production facility. Patient-derived autologous CTL019 for treatment of pediatric patients with r/r ALL enrolled in a US-based, multicenter, phase II clinical trial have now been processed in the industry setting. Shipping logistics of the cryopreserved products (apheresis and CTL019) have been established. The cell expansion growth curves and release criteria on the cell products obtained in this large scale manufacturing facility were similar to those obtained at the academic facility. Conclusions: Leveraging a proven step-wise industry transfer process to capture academic experience along with extensive collaborative training and strong analytics led to this successful CAR cell therapy process transfer from academia to industry. This resulted in CTL019 cell expansion growth curves from our process that were similar to those observed from academia, which we anticipate will provide for global scalability. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Boyd: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Employment. Levine:Novartis: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Jinivizian:Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Employment. Jeschke:Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Employment. Suhoski Davis:Novartis: Patents & Royalties. Zheng:Novartis: Patents & Royalties. Stark:Novartis Pharma AG: Employment. Loidolt:Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Employment. Keir:Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Employment. Wood:Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Employment.
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Okumuş, Fatih, Emrah Dönmez, and Adnan Fatih Kocamaz. "A Cloudware Architecture for Collaboration of Multiple AGVs in Indoor Logistics: Case Study in Fabric Manufacturing Enterprises." Electronics 9, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122023.
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In Industry 4.0 compatible workshops, the demand for Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) used in indoor logistics systems has increased remarkably. In these indoor logistics systems, it may be necessary to execute multiple transport tasks simultaneously using multiple AGVs. However, some challenges require special solutions for AGVs to be used in industrial autonomous transportation. These challenges can be addressed under four main headings: positioning, optimum path planning, collision avoidance and optimum task allocation. The solutions produced for these challenges may require special studies that vary depending on the type of tasks and the working environment in which AGVs are used. This study focuses on the problem of automated indoor logistics carried out in the simultaneous production of textile finishing enterprises. In the study, a centralized cloud system that enables multiple AGVs to work in collaboration has been developed. The finishing enterprise of a denim manufacturing factory was handled as a case study and modelling of mapping-planning processes was carried out using the developed cloud system. In the cloud system, RestFul APIs, for mapping the environment, and WebSocket methods, to track the locations of AGVs, have been developed. A collaboration module in harmony with the working model has been developed for AGVs to be used for fabric transportation. The collaboration module consists of task definition, battery management-optimization, selection of the most suitable batch trolleys (provides mobility of fabrics for the finishing mills), optimum task distribution and collision avoidance stages. In the collaboration module, all the finishing processes until the product arrives the delivery point are defined as tasks. A task allocation algorithm has been developed for the optimum performance of these tasks. The multi-fitness function that optimizes the total path of the AGVs, the elapsed time and the energy spent while performing the tasks have been determined. An assignment matrix based on K nearest neighbor (k-NN) and permutation possibilities was created for the optimal task allocation, and the most appropriate row was selected according to the optimal path totals of each row in the matrix. The D* Lite algorithm has been used to calculate the optimum path between AGVs and goals by avoiding static obstacles. By developing simulation software, the problem model was adapted and the operation of the cloud system was tested. Simulation results showed that the developed cloud system was successfully implemented. Although the developed cloud system has been applied as a case study in fabric finishing workshops with a complex structure, it can be used in different sectors as its logistic processes are similar.
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Vyatkin, A. A., E. G. Dmitrieva, S. S. Skachkova, Ya I. Kalugin, A. V. Malygin, O. A. Barbul, and K. V. Sen’kin. "Modernizing batch-wetting systems at sinter-production machines." Steel in Translation 39, no. 2 (February 2009): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091209020089.
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Hull, Frank M., and Paul D. Collins. "High-Technology Batch Production Systems: Woodwards Missing Type." Academy of Management Journal 30, no. 4 (December 1987): 786–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/256160.
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Allweyer, Thomas, and August-Wilhelm Scheer. "Integrating Scheduling in Logistic Systems for Batch Production." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 28, no. 21 (September 1995): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)46708-5.
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