Academic literature on the topic 'Automated Guided Vehicle System'

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Journal articles on the topic "Automated Guided Vehicle System"

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Slanina, Zdenek, Ivo Pergl, and Pavel Kedron. "Automated Guided Vehicle Control System for Automated Parking Purposes." IFAC-PapersOnLine 55, no. 4 (2022): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.06.060.

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Jaiganesh, V., J. Dhileep Kumar, and J. Girijadevi. "Automated Guided Vehicle with Robotic Logistics System." Procedia Engineering 97 (2014): 2011–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.444.

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Zajac, Jerzy, Grzegorz Chwajoł, Tomasz Wiek, Krzysztof Krupa, Waldemar Małopolski, and Adam Słota. "Automated Guided Vehicle System for Work-in-Process Movement." Solid State Phenomena 196 (February 2013): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.196.181.

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The paper presents an automated guided vehicle transportation subsystem used for work-in-process movement, built at the Production Engineering Institute of Cracow University of Technology. It describes design and operational parameters of built vehicles as well as the principles of integration of AGV control subsystem with the AIM multi-agent manufacturing control system. Furthermore, results of the verification of applied path-finding, anti-collision and anti-deadlock algorithms are included.
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Aized, Tauseef, Koji Takahashi, and Ichiro Hagiwara. "The Impact of Guide Path Configurations on Performance of an Integrated Automated Guided Vehicle System Using Coloured Petri Net." International Journal of Automation Technology 1, no. 1 (September 5, 2007): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2007.p0052.

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The objective of this study is to analyse an integrated Automated Guided Vehicle System (AGVS) which is embedded in a pull type multi-product, multi-stage and multi-line flexible manufacturing system (FMS). The analysis is carried out through the development of different guide path configurations. Three guide-path configurations are developed to add flexibility gradually in the AGVS and the impact of added flexibility is studied by examining the performance of the system. The study uses coloured Petri net methodology to model the system and the simulation results lead to decrease the number of automated guided vehicles and hence the overall cost of the system.
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Adiga N, Achal, Avaneesh B. Ballal, Dileep P, Harishgowda M, Roopa T S, and Gangadhar Angadi. "Smart Automated Guided Vehicle for Flexible Manufacturing Systems." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 13205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.13205ecst.

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In the Flexible Manufacturing System, automation and the ability to restructure the manufacturing facility is important. The development of a discretely working Smart Automated Guided Vehicle is the need of the hour. Hence the objective is to develop a compact unit load Smart Automated Guided Vehicle to increase efficiency and productivity & to overcome the problems of conventional material handling systems and improve the efficacy of manufacturing. Smart Automated Guided Vehicle is provided with navigation, weight sensing, obstacle detection systems with other auxiliary systems instrumental in zonal setup for the Smart Automated Guided Vehicle as well as adaptable for frequent changes. This model of Smart Automated Guided Vehicle is helpful for a small operational manufacturing unit for multipurpose applications at very low cost and high customizability. The objective is to provide a safe environment to the Smart Automated Guided Vehicle & its surroundings also, to reduce human dependency.
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Hasan, Hameedah Sahib. "Automated Guided Vehicle, Routing and algorithms." Science Proceedings Series 1, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/sps.v1i2.562.

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The routing problem of Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) targets to discovery the shortest path between two station. AGV is used widly in transporting sysrems. Earily it used in static routing (pre-defined routes), which follow fixed line. Instead of using fixed path, there is another type which is dynamic routing can use to add a high flexibility to the system.To accommodate the increased flexibility and reduce time. In this paper, routing of AGV is introduced. Different AGV shortest path algorithms are presented with highlights their main differences between them. Furthermore, AGV routing in real time using local position system (LPS) wthin labview environment is achived. Keywords: AGV; Dynamic Routing; Shortest Path Algorithm; local position system ____________________________________________________________________
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Pradhan, S. K., Amit Kumar, and A. N. Sinha. "Some Analysis of Automated Guided Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 2225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.2225.

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AGV is mostly used in industrial application to move material around manufacturing facility. Here assembling of AGV is done by using components like chassis, wheels, wiper motors, gear motor, LED sensors, tactile sensor, actuators etc. AGV is designed with the help of electrical design of sensors which are used to control AGV during operation when it is moved on guided path. AGV design was modelled and simulated using catiaV5 software .Design was modelled and drawing preparation was done using catiaV5.Static analysis was done for stress using catiaV5 .Here principal stresses at different point were obtained having different deflection .Graphs are plotted for principal stress verses deflection and Navigation performance of AGV uses electric motor .Thus AGV is used to pick up the object with proper gripping system. A navigation system has been developed using sensors. AGV contains software and hardware components and is primarily used for material handling in industries. Static analysis was done for stress using catiaV5. Graphs are plotted for principal stress vs. deflection. The same analysis can be done for different material depending on loading condition. Stress analysis concept can be used to study dynamic analysis. Optimization of AGV can be possible by using different material. To evaluate the performance simulations were conducted using catiaV5 maintaining a constant setup inputs all over. IndexTerms:Catia,navigation,optimization
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Wang, Hsiao-Fan, and Ching-Min Chang. "Facility Layout for an Automated Guided Vehicle System." Procedia Computer Science 55 (2015): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.07.007.

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Vosniakos, G. C., and A. G. Mamalis. "Automated guided vehicle system design for FMS applications." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 30, no. 1 (January 1990): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-6955(90)90044-j.

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Kasilingam, R. G., and S. L. Gobal. "Vehicle requirements model for automated guided vehicle systems." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 12, no. 4 (July 1996): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01239614.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Automated Guided Vehicle System"

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Ujvári, Sándor. "Simulation in automated guided vehicle system design." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275545.

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Fithian, Jeff E. "A laser-guided, autonomous automated guided vehicle." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42957.

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The purpose of this research was to determine the feasibility of a laser-based positioning system as a primary navigation method. The system developed for this research consisted of an automated guided vehicle which navigated solely with the use of the laser-based positioning system in real-time. To date, there are no systems which can navigate a pre-defined path using such a positioning system. Some lessons were learned by the researcher, however, concerning the viability of this system in an industrial environment. The system should have had the following advantages over previous systems: 1) Greater range, 2) no prior structuring of environment, 3) real-time navigation, and 4) no reliance on dead-reckoning for navigation.

The results showed that goals two through four had been met and are advantages of this system over current systems. The range of this system is limited, however, but it is believed that the next generation system should have greater range than the system used in this research.


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Chan, Chi Kit. "An ultrasonic self-localized automated guided vehicle system /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IELM%202006%20CHAN.

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Martínez, Gil Fernando, and Gil Mario Martínez. "Simulation-based Automated Guided Vehicle System Capacity Calculation." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18834.

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Simulation is becoming more important nowadays, where there is a need for developing or improving projects more efficiently without taking any economic risk. Jernbro Industrial Services AB in Skövde is specialized in Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) production, and so far, they have been calculating the optimal number of AGVs of a system by using Excel. However, they want to go a step further and include simulation in their projects to obtain this data more accurately and efficiently and update their working procedures. In this thesis, former articles and researches have been studied to acquire knowledge in previous works related to the calculation of the optimal number of AGVs. A market survey has been conducted to find the best software simulation tool in the market for AGVs, by analysing the main features of each software. Although many software satisfies the requirements, FlexSim is the tool that has been chosen, as it provides good results in a user-friendly way. Therefore, in order to validate whether simulation provides accurate and interesting data for the company, an already existing model has been simulated to compare the new results with the former ones calculated with Excel. After discussing the results and the issues that have been confronted during the project, it has been found that the optimal number of AGVs in the system is 3 but, in view of security and the unpredictable behaviour of AGVs systems, 4 is the number considered as the best solution for the model. Moreover, all the benefits of simulation are presented as a solution for future projects the company develops.
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Jayaraman, Arun. "Use of simulation-animation techniques in the design of an automated guided vehicle system." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04272010-020111/.

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Dutt, Subir. "Guided vehicle systems : a simulation analysis /." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01122010-020040/.

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Liu, Shiming. "Architecture and coordination of a Holonic Automated Guided Vehicle system." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0025/MQ51397.pdf.

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Swanepoel, Petrus Johannes. "Omnidirectional image sensing for automated guided vehicle." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/39.

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Thesis (M. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2009
Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) have many different design specifications, although they all have certain design features in common, for instance they are designed to follow predetermined paths, and they need to be aware of their surroundings and changes to their surroundings. They are designed to house sensors for navigation and obstacle avoidance. In this study an AGV platform was developed by modifying an electric wheelchair. A serial port interface was developed between a computer and the control unit of the electric wheelchair, which enables the computer to control the movements of the platform. Different sensors were investigated to determine which would be best suited and most effective to avoid collisions. The sensors chosen were mounted on the AGV and a programme was developed to enable the sensors to assist in avoiding obstacles. An imaging device as an additional sensor system for the AGV was investigated. The image produced by a camera and dome mirror was processed into a panoramic image representing an entire 360o view of the AGV‟s surroundings. The reason for this part of the research was to enable the user to make corrections to the AGV‟s path if it became stuck along the track it was following. The entire system was also made completely wireless to improve the flexibility of the AGV‟s applications.
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Baxter, Jeremy. "Fuzzy logic control of an automated guided vehicle." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5817/.

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This thesis describes the fuzzy logic based control system for an automated guided vehicle ( AGV ) designed to navigate from one position and orientation to another while avoiding obstacles. A vehicle with an onboard computer system and a beacon based location system has been used to provide experimental confirmation of the methods proposed during this research. A simulation package has been written and used to test control techniques designed for the vehicle. A series of navigation rules based upon the vehicle's current position relative to its goal produce a fuzzy fit vector, the entries in which represent the relative importance of sets defined over all the possible output steering angles. This fuzzy fit vector is operated on by a new technique called rule spreading which ensures that all possible outputs have some activation. An obstacle avoidance controller operates from information about obstacles near to the vehicle. A method has been devised for generating obstacle avoidance sets depending on the size, shape and steering mechanism of a vehicle to enable their definition to accurately reflect the geometry and dynamic performance of the vehicle. Using a set of inhibitive rules the obstacle avoidance system compiles a mask vector which indicates the potential for a collision if each one of the possible output sets is chosen. The fuzzy fit vector is multiplied with the mask vector to produce a combined fit vector representing the relative importance of the output sets considering the demands of both navigation and obstacle avoidance. This is operated on by a newly developed windowing technique which prevents any conflicts produced by this combination leading to an undesirable output. The final fit vector is then defuzzified to give a demand steering angle for the vehicle. A separate fuzzy controller produces a demand velocity. In tests carried out in simulation and on the research vehicle it has been shown that the control system provides a successful guidance and obstacle avoidance scheme for an automated vehicle.
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Uttendorf, Sarah [Verfasser]. "Automated Generation of Roadmaps for Automated Guided Vehicle Systems / Sarah Uttendorf." Garbsen : TEWISS - Technik und Wissen GmbH, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193515491/34.

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Books on the topic "Automated Guided Vehicle System"

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Ullrich, Günter. Automated Guided Vehicle Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44814-4.

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Ullrich, Günter, and Thomas Albrecht. Automated Guided Vehicle Systems. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35387-2.

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Gutsche, Ralf. Fahrerlose Transportsysteme: Automatische Bahnplanung in dynamischen Umgebungen. Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1994.

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Ujvari, Sandor. Simulation in automated guided vehicle system design. Leicester: De Montfort University, 2003.

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Rachel, Subrin, ed. Automated guided vehicles and automated manufacturing. Dearborn, Mich: Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Publications Development Dept., Marketing Division, 1987.

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Castleberry, Guy A. AGV system specification, procurement, and implementation guide: A step-by-step guide to purchasing and installing an automated guided vehicle system. Port Washington: AGV Decisions, 1992.

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Hammond, Gary. AGVS at work: Automated guided vehicle systems. Bedford: IFS, 1986.

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Miller, Richard Kendall. Survey on automated guided vehicles systems. Madison, GA: Future Technology Surveys, 1989.

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Tokyo), International Conference on Automated Guided Vehicle Systems (5th 1987. Proceedings of the 5th international conference on automated guided vehicle systems. Bedford: IFS (Publications), 1987.

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Castleberry, Guy A. The AGV handbook: A handbook for the selection of automated guided vehicle systems. Ann Arbor, Mich: Braun-Brumfield, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Automated Guided Vehicle System"

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Koff, Gary A. "Automated Guided Vehicle Systems." In The Electronics Assembly Handbook, 562–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13161-9_89.

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Ullrich, Günter, and Thomas Albrecht. "History of Automated Guided Vehicle Systems." In Automated Guided Vehicle Systems, 1–26. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35387-2_1.

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Ullrich, Günter. "The History of Automated Guided Vehicle Systems." In Automated Guided Vehicle Systems, 1–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44814-4_1.

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Ullrich, Günter. "Interdisciplinary Design of Automated Guided Vehicle Systems (AGVS)." In Automated Guided Vehicle Systems, 197–227. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44814-4_5.

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Ullrich, Günter. "Modern Areas of Application." In Automated Guided Vehicle Systems, 15–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44814-4_2.

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Ullrich, Günter. "Technological Standards." In Automated Guided Vehicle Systems, 97–163. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44814-4_3.

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Ullrich, Günter. "The Fourth Era." In Automated Guided Vehicle Systems, 165–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44814-4_4.

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Ullrich, Günter, and Thomas Albrecht. "The Holistic AGVS Planning." In Automated Guided Vehicle Systems, 227–68. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35387-2_5.

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Ullrich, Günter, and Thomas Albrecht. "Areas of Application." In Automated Guided Vehicle Systems, 109–202. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35387-2_3.

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Ullrich, Günter, and Thomas Albrecht. "The Future of the AGV." In Automated Guided Vehicle Systems, 203–26. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35387-2_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Automated Guided Vehicle System"

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INAGAWA, Hiroyuki, Seiyuu OOYA, Tomoyuki OZAWA, and Touru KATO. "12 Present situation of Automated Guided Vehicle." In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 10-2 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan: Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-32-1781.

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<div class="htmlview paragraph">Many automated guided golf cars using the electromagnetic guide technology are used in Japan to obtain more convenient and safer golf play. Now this technology is beginning to be used outside of the golf course as an on-demand people mover system.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents an example of the engineering system of automated guided golf cars along for the 2 principles of automated guided vehicle.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The first principle is “the steering control system including the automatic sensitivity adjustment function”, and the other principle is “the vehicle speed control system”.</div>
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T, Venkatesh, and Nataraj Urs H D. "Vision-Based Automated Guided Vehicle." In 2023 International Conference on Smart Systems for applications in Electrical Sciences (ICSSES). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsses58299.2023.10199657.

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Reith, Karl-Benedikt, Patrick Boden, Martin Daumler, Sebastian Rank, Thorsten Schmidt, and Ralf Hupfer. "Evaluating Automated Guided Vehicle System Characteristics in Semiconductor Fab Automated Material Handling Systems." In 2019 30th Annual SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference (ASMC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asmc.2019.8791758.

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Hossam-Eldin, Ahmed A., Hamdy A. Ashour, and Islam M. Ragab. "Enhancement of Automated Guided Vehicle System for Heavy Trucks." In 2020 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEENG). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceeng45378.2020.9171726.

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Yin, Pingbao, Wenfeng Li, and Ying Duan. "Combinatorial inertial guidance system for an automated guided vehicle." In 2018 IEEE 15th International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2018.8361286.

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Kafiev, I., P. Romanov, and I. Romanova. "Fuzzy Logic Based Control System for Automated Guided Vehicle." In 2020 International Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fareastcon50210.2020.9271513.

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Li, Haibo, Yunfei Zou, and Guangyu Li. "Development and Application of Container Automated Guided Vehicle System." In Second International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413036.036.

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Kumaraguru, Karthikeyan, and Ernest L. Hall. "Expert system approach to design an automated guided vehicle." In Photonics East (ISAM, VVDC, IEMB), edited by David P. Casasent. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.325792.

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You, Dong-Ying, Chih-Wei Chen, Laskar Pamungkas, Yi-Feng Lin, and Huang-Jen Chiu. "A Wireless Power Transmission System for Automated Guided Vehicle." In 2022 IET International Conference on Engineering Technologies and Applications (IET-ICETA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iet-iceta56553.2022.9971685.

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Lothar Schulze. "The Approach of Automated Guided Vehicle Systems." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/soli.2006.236834.

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Reports on the topic "Automated Guided Vehicle System"

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Fowler, Camilla. Automation in transport - Leading the UK to a driverless future. TRL, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/tawj9464.

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The gap between technology development and automated vehicle deployment has been underestimated and the challenges involved with delivering autonomy have been far greater and more complex than first envisaged. TRL believe that in order for the UK to achieve its potential for automation in transport, the following activities are key in overcoming these challenges: Develop a UK regulatory approval system that enables the safe and secure deployment of automated vehicles in the future. A flexible and responsive regulatory system is needed that can enable innovation by streamlining entry into emerging markets and lessen the initial regulatory burden on developers and manufacturers. Provide a simple, consistent but robust approach to assuring safety during trials and testing to enable and facilitate trials across all UK locations and environments. The approach to safety assurance varies between stakeholders and this inconsistency can provide a barrier to testing in multiple locations or avoiding areas with more stringent requirements. TRL is developing a software tool that could be used to guide and support stakeholders when engaging with trialling organisations. Develop and implement a UK safety monitoring and investigation unit to monitor safety, analyse data, investigate incidents and provide timely feedback and recommended actions. TRL can identify road user behaviours that are likely to lead to a collision. These behaviours could be monitored using in-vehicle data and supplemented with environmental and location data from intelligent infrastructure. This proactive approach would drive safety improvements, promote continuous improvement, accelerate innovation and development and make Vision Zero a more realistic and achievable target. Enable more advanced trials to be undertaken in the UK where the boundaries of the technology are extended and solutions to the identified challenges are explored without compromising safety. London’s Smart Mobility Living Lab (SMLL) provides a unique real-world test facility to conduct advanced tests and validate vehicle behaviour performance. Through testing in a real-world environment and monitoring performance using cooperative infrastructure, we can accelerate learning and technology progression. Accelerate the adoption and safe implementation of automated vehicles for off- highway activities and minimise worker exposure to high risk environments and working practices within the UK and globally. As part of an Innovate funded project on Automated Off-highway Vehicles, TRL has developed and published a draft Code of Practice providing guidance to operators of automated vehicles in all sectors of the off-highway industry.
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Norcross, Richard J., Roger V. Bostelman, and Joseph A. Falco. Automated Guided Vehicle Bumper Test Method Development. National Institute of Standards and Technology, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.8029.

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Yan, Yujie, and Jerome F. Hajjar. Automated Damage Assessment and Structural Modeling of Bridges with Visual Sensing Technology. Northeastern University, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17760/d20410114.

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Recent advances in visual sensing technology have gained much attention in the field of bridge inspection and management. Coupled with advanced robotic systems, state-of-the-art visual sensors can be used to obtain accurate documentation of bridges without the need for any special equipment or traffic closure. The captured visual sensor data can be post-processed to gather meaningful information for the bridge structures and hence to support bridge inspection and management. However, state-of-the-practice data postprocessing approaches require substantial manual operations, which can be time-consuming and expensive. The main objective of this study is to develop methods and algorithms to automate the post-processing of the visual sensor data towards the extraction of three main categories of information: 1) object information such as object identity, shapes, and spatial relationships - a novel heuristic-based method is proposed to automate the detection and recognition of main structural elements of steel girder bridges in both terrestrial and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based laser scanning data. Domain knowledge on the geometric and topological constraints of the structural elements is modeled and utilized as heuristics to guide the search as well as to reject erroneous detection results. 2) structural damage information, such as damage locations and quantities - to support the assessment of damage associated with small deformations, an advanced crack assessment method is proposed to enable automated detection and quantification of concrete cracks in critical structural elements based on UAV-based visual sensor data. In terms of damage associated with large deformations, based on the surface normal-based method proposed in Guldur et al. (2014), a new algorithm is developed to enhance the robustness of damage assessment for structural elements with curved surfaces. 3) three-dimensional volumetric models - the object information extracted from the laser scanning data is exploited to create a complete geometric representation for each structural element. In addition, mesh generation algorithms are developed to automatically convert the geometric representations into conformal all-hexahedron finite element meshes, which can be finally assembled to create a finite element model of the entire bridge. To validate the effectiveness of the developed methods and algorithms, several field data collections have been conducted to collect both the visual sensor data and the physical measurements from experimental specimens and in-service bridges. The data were collected using both terrestrial laser scanners combined with images, and laser scanners and cameras mounted to unmanned aerial vehicles.
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Batemon, Brice. The Development of an Automated Pneumatic Leveling System for an Agricultural Robotic Vehicle (AgRover). Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-1417.

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Hemphill, Jeff. Unsettled Issues in Drive-by-Wire and Automated Driving System Availability. SAE International, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022002.

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While many observers think that autonomy is right around the corner, there many unsettled issues. One such issue is availability, or how the vehicle behaves in the event of a failure of one of its systems such as those with the latest “by-wire” technologies. Handling of failures at a technical actuation level could involve many aspects, including time of operation after first fault, function/performance after first fault, and exposure after first fault. All of these and other issues are affected by software and electronic and mechanical hardware. Drive-by-wire and Automated Driving System Availability discusses the necessary systems approach required to address these issues. Establishing an industry path forward for these topics will simplify system development and provide a framework for consistent regulation and liability, which is an enabler for the launch of autonomous vehicles.
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LaVine, Nils D., Carl W. Lickteig, and Jeffrey H. Schmidt. Description of a Tank-Based Automated Command and Control System as Simulated for the Combat Vehicle Command and Control Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada263459.

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7

Coyner, Kelley, and Jason Bittner. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Connectivity. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2023013.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Do connected vehicle (CV) technologies encourage or dampen progress toward widespread deployment of automated vehicles? Would digital infrastructure components be a better investment for safety, mobility, and the environment? Can CVs, coupled with smart infrastructure, provide an effective pathway to further automation? Highly automated vehicles are being developed (albeit slower than predicted) alongside varied, disruptive connected vehicle technology. </div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Connectivity</b> looks at the status of CV technology, examines the concerns of automated driving system (ADS) developers and infrastructure owners and operators (IOOs) in relying on connected infrastructure, and assesses lessons learned from the growth of CV applications and improved vehicle-based technology. IOOs and ADS developers agree that cost, communications, interoperability, cybersecurity, operation, maintenance, and other issues undercut efforts to deploy a comprehensive connected infrastructure.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>
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Lv, Chen. Human-like Decision-making and Control for Automated Driving. SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022005.

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The on-vehicle automation system is primarily designed to replace the human driver during driving to enhance the performance and avoid possible fatalities. However, current implementations in automated vehicles (AVs) generally neglect that human imperfection and preference do not always lead to negative consequences, which prevents achieving optimized vehicle performance and maximized road safety. Human-like Decision-making and Control for Automated Driving will take one step forward to address unsettled technologies in human-like automated driving to break through the limitation for future vehicle automation application existing methods and emerging technologies in Human driving feature modeling and analysis Personalized motion control for AVs Human-like decision making for AVs
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Kalaiyarasan, A., Ben Simpson, David Jenkins, F. Mazzeo, Hao Ye, Kostas Kourantidis, Mark Courtier, MCS Wong, and Rebecca Wilford. Remote operation of Connected and Automated Vehicles. TRL, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/gywi4270.

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Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) offer numerous societal benefits; however, there is still a long way to go before CAVs can be considered reliable and safe. Even when CAV technology has matured, and is more readily available, there will be scenarios that require human intervention such as system failures, situations outside of the AV’s Operational Design Domain (ODD), or to support users. As part of project Endeavour, TRL conducted research on potential human intervention scenarios, which has been considered and referred to as a part of ‘remote operation’. This study sought to understand the current roles of the in-vehicle Safety Driver and Test Assistant during CAV trials and testing to recognise the technical challenges of removing the roles and enabling remote operation. This report includes findings from a literature review and stakeholder engagement and contains: Information on the roles and responsibilities of the in-vehicle Safety Driver and Test Assistant and their remote counterparts Current terminology used in the CAV space, and recommended terms for remote operation Use cases and recommendations to enable safe remote operation A high-level roadmap describing the milestones to enable remote operation in the UK
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Coyner, Kelley, and Jason Bittner. Infrastructure Enablers and Automated Vehicles: Trucking. SAE International, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022017.

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While automated trucking developers have established regular commercial shipments, operations and testing remain limited largely to limited-access highways like interstates. This infrastructure provides a platform or operating environment that is highly structured, with generally good road conditions and visible lane markings. To date, these deployments have not included routine movements from hub to hub, whether on or off these limited-access facilities. Benefits such as safety, fuel efficiency, staffing for long-haul trips, and a strengthened supply chain turn enable broader deployment which can enable movement from one transportation system to another. Infrastructure Enablers and Automated Vehicles: Trucking focuses on unresolved issues between the automated vehicle industry and infrastructure owners and operators that stand in the way of using infrastructure—both physical and digital—to extend use cases for automated trucking to more operational design domains (ODDs). The report also examines opportunities and recommendations related the integration of automated trucking across transportation networks and the supply chain. The topics include road conditions and lane marking visibility, work zone navigation, transfer hubs, and facility design, as well as connected and electric charging infrastructure.
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