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Journal articles on the topic 'Automated factories'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Swinbanks, David. "Automated factories ahead." Nature 357, no. 6374 (May 1992): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/357100b0.

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2

Jon‐Chao, Hong, Wu Jinn‐Cherng, and Wu Ming‐Hsiung. "Supervisor skill formation in Taiwan’s automated factories." Work Study 45, no. 2 (April 1996): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00438029610110401.

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3

HOSHI, Takehiko, Toshiaki OKANO, Tetsuo SEKIYAMA, and Masamoto TAKATSUJI. "Development of plant transportation system for automated plant factories." Shokubutsu Kojo Gakkaishi 6, no. 1 (1994): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2525/jshita.6.15.

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4

Chang, Paul, Diana Kaledina, Anatoly Popovich, and Andrey Volkov. "Factories of the future: operation and perspectives of development." SHS Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184400022.

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The role of automation in industrial development was highlighted. We discussed the significance of automation for creating the factory of the future. We presented the basic criteria of efficiency of automated factories. We analyzed the experience of creating automated factories, indicated the basic scientific-technical problems related to automation of production and suggested the ways to overcome them. We listed the basic factors of scientific-technical progress that should be the basis for automation of production and indicated its basic elements. We showed the role of technological equipment, tools and accessories. We analyzed the results of state support of industry.
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5

Beier, Herbert. "AZR — A new approach to shop-floor management for automated and non-automated factories." Computers in Industry 6, no. 6 (December 1985): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-3615(85)90024-7.

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6

Lee, Chien-Liang, Yen-Po Wang, and Ray Kai Leung Su. "Assessment of vibrations induced in factories by automated guided vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 166, no. 4 (April 2013): 182–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stbu.11.00036.

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7

Suryanarayanan, R., and V. Sridhar. "Future Factories – Automated Welding Cell based on Cloud Computing Technology." EAI Endorsed Transactions on Cloud Systems 4, no. 13 (December 7, 2018): 155883. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.16-5-2018.155883.

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8

Tanigawa, Tohru, Toshitsugu Sawai, and Tadashi Nakao. "High Precision Automatic Alignment and its Computer Vision Technology." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 1, no. 3 (October 20, 1989): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1989.p0220.

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Recently, industrial robotics and computer vision technology has become very important in flexible manufacturing systems and automated factories. Especially high precision automatic alignment technology beyond human ability is essential to some manufactures, and its application fields are extending rapidly. This paper describes the high precision automatic alignment system of large-sized LCD panels. The features of the system are (1) high precision and high speed detection of position using the special alignment mark, (2) high contrast image obtained by the use of ultraviolet rays, (3) new image-processing algorithms for improvement of system reliability.
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9

Lu, Shaoping, Chen Xu, Ray Y. Zhong, and Lihui Wang. "A RFID-enabled positioning system in automated guided vehicle for smart factories." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 44 (July 2017): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2017.03.009.

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10

Baydar, Cem M., and Kazuhiro Saitou. "Prediction and Diagnosis of Propagated Errors in Assembly Systems Using Virtual Factories." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 1, no. 3 (August 1, 2001): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1411966.

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Large-scale automated assembly systems are widely used in automotive, aerospace and consumer electronics industries to obtain high quality products in less time. However, one disadvantage of these automated systems is that they are composed of too many working parameters. Since it is not possible to monitor all these parameters during the assembly process, an undetected error may propagate and result in a more critical detected error. In this paper, a unique way of detecting and diagnosing these types of failures by using Virtual Factories is discussed. A Virtual Factory was developed by building and linking several software modules to predict and diagnose propagated errors. A multi-station assembly system was modeled and a previously discussed “off-line prediction and recovery” method was applied. The obtained results showed that this method is capable of predicting propagated errors, which are too complex to solve for a human expert.
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11

Sun, Shunkai, Jianping Hu, Jie Li, Ruidong Liu, Meng Shu, and Yang Yang. "An INS-UWB Based Collision Avoidance System for AGV." Algorithms 12, no. 2 (February 18, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a12020040.

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As a highly automated carrying vehicle, an automated guided vehicle (AGV) has been widely applied in various industrial areas. The collision avoidance of AGV is always a problem in factories. Current solutions such as inertial and laser guiding have low flexibility and high environmental requirements. An INS (inertial navigation system)-UWB (ultra-wide band) based AGV collision avoidance system is introduced to improve the safety and flexibility of AGV in factories. An electronic map of the factory is established and the UWB anchor nodes are deployed in order to realize an accurate positioning. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) scheme that combines UWB with INS data is used to improve the localization accuracy. The current location of AGV and its motion state data are used to predict its next position, decrease the effect of control delay of AGV and avoid collisions among AGVs. Finally, experiments are given to show that the EKF scheme can get accurate position estimation and the collisions among AGVs can be detected and avoided in time.
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12

Pech, Martin, Jaroslav Vrchota, and Jiří Bednář. "Predictive Maintenance and Intelligent Sensors in Smart Factory: Review." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041470.

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With the arrival of new technologies in modern smart factories, automated predictive maintenance is also related to production robotisation. Intelligent sensors make it possible to obtain an ever-increasing amount of data, which must be analysed efficiently and effectively to support increasingly complex systems’ decision-making and management. The paper aims to review the current literature concerning predictive maintenance and intelligent sensors in smart factories. We focused on contemporary trends to provide an overview of future research challenges and classification. The paper used burst analysis, systematic review methodology, co-occurrence analysis of keywords, and cluster analysis. The results show the increasing number of papers related to key researched concepts. The importance of predictive maintenance is growing over time in relation to Industry 4.0 technologies. We proposed Smart and Intelligent Predictive Maintenance (SIPM) based on the full-text analysis of relevant papers. The paper’s main contribution is the summary and overview of current trends in intelligent sensors used for predictive maintenance in smart factories.
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13

Liu, Shao-Chen, Yu-Ren Chen, Cheng-Ju Kuo, Tzu-Yu Lin, Kuo-Cheng Ting, Don-Lin Yang, Hsi-Min Chen, and Yi-Chung Chen. "Multi-tasking multi-machine scheduling system for multi-stage multi-criteria production." MATEC Web of Conferences 185 (2018): 00023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818500023.

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In recent years, many major manufacturers have been incorporating Industry 4.0 technologies such as preventive fault detection, automated scheduling algorithms, and component management to increase productivity and reduce production costs. Achieving this objective requires a substantial amount of working capital to acquire large quantities of new machinery, equipment to extract data from the machinery, and high-priced big data analysis software. However, most factories in the world are small-or medium-sized companies and have not enough capital to replace their machinery or purchase big data analysis software. It is therefore almost impossible for these factories to reach the goal of Industry 4.0. Furthermore, most of the conventional automated production scheduling methods only consider a single criterion in scheduling, which is not applicable for actual situations. This study therefore proposed a multi-tasking multi-machine scheduling system for multi-stage multi-criteria production to address various shortcomings in existing methods. To achieve this goal, we proposed a novel concept based on skyline queries to assist in the scheduling process. Also, a data structure of "heap" is applied in this work to accelerate the scheduling process. The experimental results demonstrated the validity of the proposed approach.
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14

Chen, Fu, Le Yuan, Shaozhen Ding, Yu Tian, and Qian-Nan Hu. "Data-driven rational biosynthesis design: from molecules to cell factories." Briefings in Bioinformatics 21, no. 4 (June 26, 2019): 1238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbz065.

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Abstract A proliferation of chemical, reaction and enzyme databases, new computational methods and software tools for data-driven rational biosynthesis design have emerged in recent years. With the coming of the era of big data, particularly in the bio-medical field, data-driven rational biosynthesis design could potentially be useful to construct target-oriented chassis organisms. Engineering the complicated metabolic systems of chassis organisms to biosynthesize target molecules from inexpensive biomass is the main goal of cell factory design. The process of data-driven cell factory design could be divided into several parts: (1) target molecule selection; (2) metabolic reaction and pathway design; (3) prediction of novel enzymes based on protein domain and structure transformation of biosynthetic reactions; (4) construction of large-scale DNA for metabolic pathways; and (5) DNA assembly methods and visualization tools. The construction of a one-stop cell factory system could achieve automated design from the molecule level to the chassis level. In this article, we outline data-driven rational biosynthesis design steps and provide an overview of related tools in individual steps.
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15

諏佐, 美頼, 明大 長縄, and 朗人 高橋. "縫製工場における接着芯地作業を自動化するロボットの開発." 産業応用工学会論文誌 8, no. 2 (2020): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12792/jjiiae.8.2.147.

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16

Шлекова, I. Shlekova, Шлекова, and E. Shlekova. "Product Loss Enhancement and Emission Reduction on Automated Systems of Clock Running of Petroleum Processing Plants." Safety in Technosphere 5, no. 6 (December 25, 2016): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24828.

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The analysis of the volume of oil refining, production of gasoline, commodity options shipment of petroleum products and logistics perspectives of various Russian factories is given. The possibility of reduction of irretrievable losses in the construction of the automated system of clock running instead of traditional gallery trestles is considered. The estimation of the reduction of losses and calculations of emissions into the atmosphere during loading of gasoline into tank cars is made. The article shows the environmental effectiveness of the automated system of clock running and the economic feasibility of the transition from the gallery loading on the clock filling the commodity petroleum products.
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17

Vargas Cruz, Ramiro Sebastián, Lourdes Cecilia Ruiz Salvador, and María Cristina Navas Lema. "Merging Manual and Automated Egg Candling: A Safety and Social Solution." Enfoque UTE 9, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29019/enfoqueute.v9n2.292.

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Eggs should comply with strict quality control processes. The first step of the quality process is egg candling analysis. Egg candling is a non-destructive procedure that consists on applying light against an egg to detect abnormalities. This process is usually done manually at small and medium poultry factories. Manual egg candling is prone to human mistakes and can cause health problems to the workers. It is necessary to implement an automated process. The following study briefly describes a device that merges automated and manual egg candling analysis. Furthermore, it goes beyond the design and describes valid solutions regarding occupational safety and malnutrition that can emerge due to the implementation of this innovative design.
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18

Al-augby, Salam, Ahmed Y. Mjhool, Mohammed W. Alboaldeen, and Ali Al-Sabbagh. "Improving saddle stitching line using affordable embedded system." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1235-1242.

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In most printing factories, the stitching machine is considered as a significant tool in accomplishing the printing process cycle, such as in the Printing House of the University of Kufa (PHUK), complete their jobs using a cheap manual machine, and thus this leads to an increase in the number of employees and work hours. That is because the automated stitching machine of production is very costly. A decent printing house design maximizes production with a minimum investment in new equipment parts. However, a decent PHUK layout alone cannot reach the intended aims unless firmly linked with a developed production line of an automated stitching machine for the purpose of reducing cost, time, and efforts. This article focused on designing and developing automatic saddle stitching machines for folded paper sheet products such as newspapers, magazines, catalogs, exam sheets, etc. using accommodate devices such as Arduino and infrared sensors. Furthermore, the proposed design is applied in PHUK successfully and it showed that the cost of the stitching machine and the manpower is reduced by 60 percent, also the time is reduced by 70 percent. Finally, one of the significant implications of this work is using IT in management of resources.
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19

Chen, Chen, Thomas Phang, and Lee Kong Tiong. "Planning semi-automated precast production using GA." International Journal of Industrialized Construction 1, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/ijic215.

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Although fully automated production systems have been developed and used in some industry leaders, most of the precast factories have yet to be developed to that stage. Semi-automated production lines are still popularly used. As production productivity can be maximally improved within the physical constraints by applying a sound production plan, this paper tends to propose a production planning method for the semi-automated precast production line using genetic algorithm (GA). The production planning problem is formulated into a flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSSP) model and solved using an integrated approach. Thanks to the development of new technologies such as building information modeling (BIM) platform and radio frequency identification (RFID), implementation of a just-in-time (JIT) schedule in the semi-automated precast production line becomes practicable on the grounds of risk mitigation and enhanced demand forecast capability. In this regard, the optimization objectives are minimum makespan, station idle time, and earliness and tardiness penalty. An example was applied to validate the integrated GA approach. The experimental results show that the developed GA approach is a useful and effective method for solving the problem that it can return high-quality solutions. This paper thus contributes to the body of knowledge new precast production planning method for practical usage.
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20

Huebbers, J. W., and J. F. Buyel. "On the verge of the market – Plant factories for the automated and standardized production of biopharmaceuticals." Biotechnology Advances 46 (January 2021): 107681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107681.

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21

Lee, Sae-Eun, Naan Ju, and Kyu-Hye Lee. "Visioning the Future of Smart Fashion Factories Based on Media Big Data Analysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 7549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167549.

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Recently, many companies have adopted smart factories to increase productivity and efficiency. However, the fashion industry is one of the industries that have been relatively slow at embracing automation and switching to a smart factory. The purpose of the study is to suggest the future direction of the low-maturity smart factory in the fashion industry through newspaper analysis. In this study, semantic network analysis and convergence of iterated correlation (CONCOR) analysis were performed on 15,523 news articles. The analyses revealed that the smart fashion factory was developing to incorporate automated, unmanned, and intelligent operation. The problem of job loss owing to the smart factory was also heavily addressed in the news articles. In the newspaper articles, the view that the smart factory is efficient, fast, and innovative, and concerns regarding the possible damages that will result from hacking and machine malfunction were simultaneously expressed. Therefore, if news about security improvement emerges in the future, negative public opinion will be reduced, positively influencing the government’s support for smart factories and policy making.
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22

Valenti, Michael. "Weld Domination." Mechanical Engineering 123, no. 04 (April 1, 2001): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2001-apr-5.

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This article illustrates that factories and machine shops use automated controls, sensors, and continuous electric arcs to make faster welds better. Welding system manufacturers, such as Lincoln Electric Co. of Cleveland, work with robot manufacturers, including ABB, to integrate their products and tailor automated welding systems that make faster precision welds. At the same time, instrumentation companies, such as LMI Selcom of Gothenburg, Sweden, have developed sensors to improve the precision of automated welding systems even further in high-volume applications. LMI Selcom Robotic Guidance of Gothenburg, Sweden, developed its SeamFinder laser measurement systems to improve the welding quality and cycle times of robotic. A key component to the Power MIG 200 is its Diamond Core technology, an internal assembly that provides a constant electrical current to the welding torch. A Michigan-based welding company taking advantage of the Power MIG 200’s smooth arc is Midstate Utility in White Cloud. The company fabricates machinery used to install telephone cable. Midstate Utility has been using the Lincoln unit since October of 2000.
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23

Heisler, Paul, Stefan Hoessle, and Jörg Franke. "Increasing the Automation Degree in Wiring Harness Assembly by Extending the Standard Crimping Machines by Developed Assembly Concept." Applied Mechanics and Materials 871 (October 2017): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.871.262.

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In the automotive industry, the assembly of wiring harnesses is done mostly manually. This leads to high labour costs as well as a high number of defects. In order to minimize these disadvantages, both industry and research made huge efforts in recent decades to increase the level of automation in the assembly of wiring harness modules. The fully automated crimping and blockloading machine e.g. Komax Zeta 656, is already successfully used in the industry as a machine for the automated assembly of small wiring harnesses. But still, there is a great potential to increase efficiency and quality in the assembly of wiring harnesses. This paper presents a newly developed machine concept for the fully automated assembly of wiring harnesses. It is shown that the new system can provide higher production efficiency compared to both the competitive systems and manual assembly. The presented concept also helps saving resources as it uses the standard crimping machine as e.g. Komax Alpha 355 as a basis which is already present in many wiring harness factories. To set up the presented mounting machine the Komax Alpha has not to be fully replaced, but only to be extended by a few components.
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24

Kussak, Anders, Barbro Andersson, and Kurt Andersson. "Determination of aflatoxins in airborne dust from feed factories by automated immunoaffinity column clean-up and liquid chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 708, no. 1 (July 1995): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)00365-t.

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25

Huang, Che-Hsuan, Pei-Hsuan Lee, Shu-Hsiu Chang, Hao-Chung Kuo, Chia-Wei Sun, Chien-Chung Lin, Chun-Lin Tsai, and Xinke Liu. "Automated Optical Inspection Method for Light-Emitting Diode Defect Detection Using Unsupervised Generative Adversarial Neural Network." Crystals 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11091048.

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Many automated optical inspection (AOI) companies use supervised object detection networks to inspect items, a technique which expends tremendous time and energy to mark defectives. Therefore, we propose an AOI system which uses an unsupervised learning network as the base algorithm to simultaneously generate anomaly alerts and reduce labeling costs. This AOI system works by deploying the GANomaly neural network and the supervised network to the manufacturing system. To improve the ability to distinguish anomaly items from normal items in industry and enhance the overall performance of the manufacturing process, the system uses the structural similarity index (SSIM) as part of the loss function as well as the scoring parameters. Thus, the proposed system will achieve the requirements of smart factories in the future (Industry 4.0).
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26

Pérez, Luis, Silvia Rodríguez-Jiménez, Nuria Rodríguez, Rubén Usamentiaga, and Daniel F. García. "Digital Twin and Virtual Reality Based Methodology for Multi-Robot Manufacturing Cell Commissioning." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (May 24, 2020): 3633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103633.

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Intelligent automation, including robotics, is one of the current trends in the manufacturing industry in the context of “Industry 4.0”, where cyber-physical systems control the production at automated or semi-automated factories. Robots are perfect substitutes for a skilled workforce for some repeatable, general, and strategically-important tasks. However, this transformation is not always feasible and immediate, since certain technologies do not provide the required degree of flexibility. The introduction of collaborative robots in the industry permits the combination of the advantages of manual and automated production. In some processes, it is necessary to incorporate robots from different manufacturers, thus the design of these multi-robot systems is crucial to guarantee the maximum quality and efficiency. In this context, this paper presents a novel methodology for process automation design, enhanced implementation, and real-time monitoring in operation based on creating a digital twin of the manufacturing process with an immersive virtual reality interface to be used as a virtual testbed before the physical implementation. Moreover, it can be efficiently used for operator training, real-time monitoring, and feasibility studies of future optimizations. It has been validated in a use case which provides a solution for an assembly manufacturing process.
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27

Ikeda, Masaki, Qinglin Cui, Toshihisa Toyoda, Hiromitsu Nakamura, and Hiroyuki Fujiwara. "Developing an Automated System for Simple Estimation of the Direct Damage Amounts from Earthquakes." Journal of Disaster Research 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2021.p0275.

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Earthquakes damage physical assets, such as houses, public infrastructure, fields, factories, facilities, as well as inventory of timbers, crops, or products. A direct damage amount is the primary evidence for financial measures to restore and reconstruct the affected areas. Therefore, from a policy perspective, it is essential to estimate it quickly and accurately. Cui et al. have proposed a simple method for estimating direct damages [1, 2]. This study aimed to build a prototype of automatic estimation system and discuss its social implementation. As a result, we succeeded in estimating three earthquakes – the 2018 Osaka Prefecture Northern Earthquake, 2018 Hokkaido Iburi Earthquake, and 2019 Yamagata-oki Earthquake – damage amounts automatically and defining some technical requirements for development. On the other hand, it is necessary to replace the Minryoku index, which is used for Cui’s estimation method and no longer being updated, by new physical assets quantity index, which is continuously updatable. Moreover, the estimation accuracy must be evaluated and improved in finer units of space.
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28

Lei, Cheng-Wei, Li Zhang, Tsung-Ming Tai, Chen-Chieh Tsai, Wen-Jyi Hwang, and Yun-Jie Jhang. "Automated Surface Defect Inspection Based on Autoencoders and Fully Convolutional Neural Networks." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 25, 2021): 7838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11177838.

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This study aims to develop a novel automated computer vision algorithm for quality inspection of surfaces with complex patterns. The proposed algorithm is based on both an autoencoder (AE) and a fully convolutional neural network (FCN). The AE is adopted for the self-generation of templates from test targets for defect detection. Because the templates are produced from the test targets, the position alignment issues for the matching operations between templates and test targets can be alleviated. The FCN is employed for the segmentation of a template into a number of coherent regions. Because the AE has the limitation that its capacities for the regeneration of each coherent region in the template may be different, the segmentation of the template by FCN is beneficial for allowing the inspection of each region to be independently carried out. In this way, more accurate detection results can be achieved. Experimental results reveal that the proposed algorithm has the advantages of simplicity for training data collection, high accuracy for defect detection, and high flexibility for online inspection. The proposed algorithm is therefore an effective alternative for the automated inspection in smart factories with a growing demand for the reliability for high quality production.
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Khaleel, Shahad Sarmad, Maher Yahya Salloom, and Ahmed M. Shammari. "Arduino-Based Controller for Sequence Development of Automated Manufacturing System." Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22153/kej.2020.07.001.

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It has become necessary to change from a traditional system to an automated system in production processes, because it has high advantages. The most important of them is improving and increasing production. But there is still a need to improve and develop the work of these systems. The objective of this work is to study time reduction by combining multiple sequences of operations into one process. To carry out this work, the pneumatic system is designed to decrease\ increase the time of the sequence that performs a pick and place process through optimizing the sequences based on the obstacle dimensions. Three axes are represented using pneumatic cylinders that move according to the sequence used. The system is implemented and controlled to carry an object from one position to another. The movement of the system is controlled using three linear potentiometers, which are connected to an analog input of the microcontroller to feed the value of the pneumatic rod distance. To achieve the best path of the product moving, it is necessary to compare among several sequences. . The results show the sequences that compared with the reference under fixed speed, such as sequence that has been developed by combining two axes, and then the system path time has been reduced in taking the product from one place to another. Therefore, some factories need to reduce the sequences and thus reduce the time to transfer the product.
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Yun, J.-M., H.-S. Choi, and J.-M. Lee. "A dynamic precedence queue mechanism to assign efficient bandwidth in controller area networks." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 221, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto158.

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This paper presents a dynamic precedence queue mechanism to resolve unexpected transmission delay of a lower priority transaction in a controller area network (CAN)-based system that keeps a fixed priority in data transactions. The mechanism is implemented in the upper sublayer of the data link layer (DLL), which is fully compatible with the original medium access control layer protocol of the CAN. Thus, the mechanism can be implemented dynamically while the data transactions are continuing without any hardware modification. The CAN protocol was originally developed to be used in the automotive industry and was recently applied for a broader class of automated factories. Even though the CAN is able to satisfy most real-time requirements found in automated environments, it is not able to enforce either a fair subdivision of the network bandwidth among the stations or a satisfactory distribution of the access delays in message transmissions. The proposed solution provides a superset of the CAN logical link layer control, which can coexist with older CAN applications. Through real experiments, effectiveness of the proposed mechanism has been verified.
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31

Noor, Ahmed. "Big Data." Mechanical Engineering 135, no. 10 (October 1, 2013): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2013-oct-1.

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This article reviews the benefits of Big Data in the manufacturing industry as more sophisticated and automated data analytics technologies are being developed. The challenge of Big Data is that it requires management tools to make sense of large sets of heterogeneous information. A new wave of inexpensive electronic sensors, microprocessors, and other components enables more automation in factories, and vast amounts of data to be collected along the way. In automated manufacturing, Big Data can help reduce defects and control costs of products. Smart manufacturing is expected to evolve into the new paradigm of cognitive manufacturing, in which machining and measurements are merged to form more flexible and controlled environments. The article also suggests that the emerging tools being developed to process and manage the Big Data generated by myriads of sensors and other devices can lead to the next scientific, technological, and management revolutions. The revolutions will enable an interconnected, efficient global industrial ecosystem that will fundamentally change how products are invented, manufactured, shipped, and serviced.
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32

Abderrahim, Moussa, Abdelghani Bekrar, Damien Trentesaux, Nassima Aissani, and Karim Bouamrane. "Manufacturing 4.0 Operations Scheduling with AGV Battery Management Constraints." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 4948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184948.

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The industry 4.0 concepts are moving towards flexible and energy efficient factories. Major flexible production lines use battery-based automated guided vehicles (AGVs) to optimize their handling processes. However, optimal AGV battery management can significantly shorten lead times. In this paper, we address the scheduling problem in an AGV-based job-shop manufacturing facility. The considered schedule concerns three strands: jobs affecting machines, product transport tasks’ allocations and AGV fleet battery management. The proposed model supports outcomes expected from Industry 4.0 by increasing productivity through completion time minimization and optimizing energy by managing battery replenishment. Experimental tests were conducted on extended benchmark literature instances to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
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33

Vancea, A. P., and I. Orha. "A survey in the design and control of automated guided vehicle systems." Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjece-2019-0016.

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Abstract Automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) play an important role in the small-scale industry as well as the largescale industry in handling materials inside factories from one place to another. In the last days, the materials to be handled are more numerous and as production and demand increase, it strongly influences the transport of materials in desperate need of a vehicle to distribute, position the materials within the industry. AGVs are generally installed with wires at ground level and signals are transmitted through them to be controlled. Due to the emergence of the AGV, the workload of the human being gradually decreased and the production efficiency increased. Thus, the need for an AGV has become more technologically important in the advanced robotic world. Normally, these systems are integrated into a global production system, where is a need to make direct changes in the design and planning of the floor store to get most of them. But in the rapidly changing production system and the adaptable floor store, the implementation of AGV has become very important and difficult, because it depends on many systems, such as wires, frequency, total production, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an independent AGV, which can operate on its own and make decisions based on changes in the environment.
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Burggräf, Peter, Thomas Bergs, Matthias Dannapfel, Andreas Korff, Matthias Ebade Esfahani, Antonia Splettstoesser, and Julius Steinlein. "Achieving parametric transparency in model-based factory planning." Production Engineering 15, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11740-020-01010-6.

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AbstractThe planning of new factories, as well as the re-planning of existing factories, has become more frequent due to increasingly changing business requirements, as for example shorter product life cycles and Industry 4.0. A higher number of involved planners and the resulting high amount of planning information strongly require coordination. In this context, the importance of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in factory planning rises as it provides a method of integrated building planning and planning validation by means of 3D software and object-oriented modelling. However, despite the use of BIM, there are still major interface problems in factory planning that cannot be solved by the still manual plausibility checks of non-geometrical planning information. To enable automatic checking of planning results, thereby improving the BIM-based factory planning process, machine-readable explication of the parametric dependencies are required between different planning fields such as production planning and building planning. The goal of this paper is to show parametric and thus non-geometric dependencies that exist between the sub-models of BIM-based factory planning in such a way that software agents can automatically evaluate this design information. Within the planning interface between production planning and building planning, the paper focusses on the particular exchange between the planning of the manufacturing system and the planning of a cutting fluid pump. With the involvement of domain experts from factory planning, systems engineering and production engineering, we as the authors have managed to develop a coherent system of block diagrams, constraint diagrams and parametric diagrams that explicate the focused interface in a machine-readable manner. We believe our accomplishments are an essential element for completely automated planning validation in BIM-based factory planning and general object-oriented modelling in the future.
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Fujita, T. "Earthquake isolation technology for industrial facilities." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 18, no. 3 (September 30, 1985): 224–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.18.3.224-249.

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In Japan earthquake isolation technology has become increasingly necessary with the growing dominance of so-called "high technology" industries and is now being used to provide effective aseismic protection for precision equipment which is of major importance in such countries. The present applications are for computer systems and semiconductor manufacturing equipment. For computers, particularly those of banks, earthquake isolation of the floors is widely used. For semiconductor manufacturing equipment, earthquake isolation has begun to be used for the components; the isolation of the floors will follow. For both applications, earthquake isolation has not yet been used for entire buildings, but is expected in the near future. Promising applications for the future include bio-technology facilities, highly automated factories and nuclear plants, especially fast breeder reactor power stations.
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He, Yuan, Xin-Yue Huang, and Francis Eng Hock Tay. "Fabric Defect Detection based on Improved Object as Point." International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 13, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcsit.2021.13301.

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In the field of fabric manufacturing, many factories still utilise the traditional manual detection method. It requires a lot of labour, resulting in high error rates and low efficiency. In this paper, we represent a realtime automated detection method based on object as point. This work makes three attributions. First, we build a fabric defects database and augment the data to training the intelligence model. Second, we provide a real-time fabric defects detection algorithm, which have potential to be applied in manufacturing. Third, we figure out CenterNet with soft NMS will improved the performance in fabric defect detection area, which is considered an NMS-free algorithm. Experiment results indicated that our lightweight network based method can effectively and efficiently detect five different fabric defects.
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Havinga, Jos, Pranab K. Mandal, and Ton van den Boogaard. "Exploiting data in smart factories: real-time state estimation and model improvement in metal forming mass production." International Journal of Material Forming 13, no. 5 (July 24, 2019): 663–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-019-01495-2.

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Abstract Modern production systems have numerous sensors that produce large amounts of data. This data can be exploited in many ways, from providing insight into the manufacturing process to facilitating automated decision making. These opportunities are still underexploited in the metal forming industry, due to the complexity of these processes. In this work, a probabilistic framework is proposed for simultaneous model improvement and state estimation in metal forming mass production. Recursive Bayesian estimation is used to simultaneously track the evolution of process state and to estimate the deviation between the physics-based model and the real process. A sheet bending mass production process is used to test the proposed framework. A metamodel of the process is built using proper orthogonal decomposition and radial basis function interpolation. The model is extended with a deviation model in order to account for the difference between model and real process. Particle filtering is used to track the state evolution and to estimate the deviation model parameters simultaneously. The approach is tested and analysed using a large number of simulations, based on pseudo-data obtained from a numerical sheet bending model.
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Cotet, Costel Emil, Gicu Calin Deac, Crina Narcisa Deac, and Cicerone Laurentiu Popa. "An Innovative Industry 4.0 Cloud Data Transfer Method for an Automated Waste Collection System." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (February 29, 2020): 1839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051839.

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Moving to Industry 4.0 involves the collection of massive amounts of data and the development of big data applications that can ensure a quick data flow between different systems, including massive amounts of data and information collection from smart sensors, and sending them to cloud applications that allow real-time data monitoring and processing. Securing and protecting the transmitted data represents a big issue to be discussed and resolved. In the paper, we propose a new method of data encoding and encryption for cloud applications using PNG format images. The proposed method is described in comparison with one of the classical methods of data encoding and transmission used currently. The paper includes a case study in which the proposed method was used to collect and transmit data from an automated waste collection system. The results show that the proposed method represents a secure, fast and efficient way to send and store the data in the cloud compared to the methods currently used. The proposed method is not limited to being used only in waste management but can be used successfully for any type of manufacturing system from smart factories.
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SHEKHAR, SHASHI, and C. V. RAMAMOORTHY. "COOP: A SELF-ASSESSMENT BASED APPROACH TO COOPERATING EXPERT SYSTEMS." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 01, no. 02 (June 1992): 175–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213092000181.

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Conventional Expert System Shells do not help in developing AI programs for large applications like automated factories, which require multi-disciplinary knowledge and which are geographically distributed. To support these applications, a shell must provide tools for a knowledge-based system to (i) reason about the need for cooperation, (ii) understand global knowledge to locate relevant expert systems and (iii) select appropriate cooperation plans. Contemporary approaches like Blackboard [1], Contract-net [2] and Distributed problem solving [3] help in exploring alternative cooperation plans without any reasoning about the need for cooperation and understanding of global knowledge. Coop [4] support cooperation models to characterize three essential decisions in the cooperation process. It provides a computational method to decide if an expert system needs to consult with other expert systems. We provide techniques select appropriate cooperation plans.
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Jarna, Alexandra, Nicole J. Baeten, Sigrid Elvenes, Valérie K. Bellec, Terje Thorsnes, and Markus Diesing. "Semi-Automatic Versus Manual Mapping of Cold-Water Coral Carbonate Mounds Located Offshore Norway." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8010040.

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Cold-water coral reefs are hotspots of biological diversity and play an important role as carbonate factories in the global carbon cycle. Reef-building corals can be found in cold oceanic waters around the world. Detailed knowledge on the spatial location and distribution of coral reefs is of importance for spatial management, conservation and science. Carbonate mounds (reefs) are readily identifiable in high-resolution multibeam echosounder data but systematic mapping programs have relied mostly on visual interpretation and manual digitizing so far. Developing more automated methods will help to reduce the time spent on this laborious task and will additionally lead to more objective and reproducible results. In this paper, we present an attempt at testing whether rule-based classification can replace manual mapping when mapping cold-water coral carbonate mounds. To that end, we have estimated and compared the accuracies of manual mapping, pixel-based terrain analysis and object-based image analysis. To verify the mapping results, we created a reference dataset of presence/absence points agreed upon by three mapping experts. There were no statistically significant differences in the overall accuracies of the maps produced by the three approaches. We conclude that semi-automated rule-based methods might be a viable option for mapping carbonate mounds with high spatial detail over large areas.
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Kim, Heonkook, Hyeyun Jeong, Hojin Lee, and Sang Woo Kim. "Online and Offline Diagnosis of Motor Power Cables Based on 1D CNN and Periodic Burst Signal Injection." Sensors 21, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 5936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175936.

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We introduce a new approach for online and offline soft fault diagnosis in motor power cables, utilizing periodic burst injection and nonintrusive capacitive coupling. We focus on diagnosing soft faults because local cable modifications or soft faults that occur without any indication while the cable is still operational can eventually develop into hard faults; furthermore, advance diagnosis of soft faults is more beneficial than the later diagnosis of hard faults, with respect to preventing catastrophic production stoppages. Both online and offline diagnoses with on-site diagnostic ability are needed because the equipment in the automated lines operates for 24 h per day, except during scheduled maintenance. A 1D CNN model was utilized to learn high-level features. The advantages of the proposed method are that (1) it is suitable for wiring harness cables in automated factories, where the installed cables are extremely short; (2) it can be simply and identically applied for both online and offline diagnoses and to a variety of cable types; and (3) the diagnosis model can be directly established from the raw signal, without manual feature extraction and prior domain knowledge. Experiments conducted with various fault scenarios demonstrate that this method can be applied to practical cable faults.
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Prado da Fonseca, Vinicius. "Tactile Sensor Analysis during Early Stages of Manipulation for Single Grasp Identification of Daily Objects." Engineering Proceedings 6, no. 1 (May 17, 2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/i3s2021dresden-10091.

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Dexterous robotic manipulation in unstructured environments is still challenging, despite the increasing number of robots entering human settings each day. Even though robotic manipulation provides complete solutions in factories and industries, it still lacks essential techniques, displaying clumsy or limited operation in unstructured environments. Daily objects typically aim at the human hand, and the human somatosensory system is responsible for solving all the complex calculations required for dexterous manipulations in unstructured settings. Borrowing concepts of the human visuotactile system can improve dexterous manipulation and increase robotics usage in unstructured environments. In humans, required finger and wrist joint adjustments occur after fast identification of the object in the initial stages of manipulation. Fast object identification during those phases may increase robotic dexterous manipulation performance. The present paper explores human-inspired concepts such as haptic glance to develop robotic single-grasp object identification. This concept can assist early phases of robotic manipulation, helping automated decision-making, such as type of grasp and joint position, during manipulation tasks. The main stages developed here are detecting sensor activation and sample collection using signal-to-noise and z-score filtering on tactile data. This procedure automates touch detection and reduces the sensor space for classification. Experiments on a daily objects dataset presented compelling results that will assist in the later stages of the early phases of robotic grasping.
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Gmiterko, Alexander. "LINE RECOGNITION SENSORS." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, no. 4 (14) (2018): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2018-4(14)-194-200.

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Urgency of the research. There is a need from industrial practice for developing of methods for linefollowing navigation of automated guided vehicle (AGV) for logistic task in factories without operators. Target setting. Various types of navigation methods are used for vehicles. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Navigation of this automated guided vehicle can be made through the color line on ground or through the inductive sensed cable located underground. Also magnetically guided method is used. Various types of optical markers can be also used. Nowadays this type of autonomous robot applications grows up, because there is a need from industry. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Next generation of automated guided vehicle is navigated via using laser scanners and they are also called LGV – Laser Guided Vehicle. This type is not covered in this paper. The research objective. The main aim of paper is to design the sensing system for color line sensing. There are several problems in using of these types of sensors. Manufacturer notes that there is placed daylight filter, but first experiments shows sensitivity to daylight. This problem can occurs when vehicle goes to tunnel. Next problem is when vehicle moves uphill and downhill on a bridge. The statement of basic materials. The color of sensor can be sensed with sensor - reflection optocoupler working in infrared light range. The optocoupler includes the infrared LED transmitter and infrared phototransistor, which senses the reflected light. Optocouplers are placed on bottom side of vehicle. Navigation line is black and other ground area is white. Optocoupler located over the navigation black line has no infrared reflection. Conclusions. The selected sensor system has been adapted for line detection application. Also ramp problems have been solved. Sensors have been successfully installed on linefollower vehicle. Results shows visible difference between the voltage levels related to black and white color line. Future plans is to add camera vision system for automatic recognition of line before vehicle and continuously path planning. Vision systems are also frequently used for obstacle detection and mapping of environment and consequently for path planning.
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Ziouzios, Dimitris, Dimitris Tsiktsiris, Nikolaos Baras, and Minas Dasygenis. "A Distributed Architecture for Smart Recycling Using Machine Learning." Future Internet 12, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi12090141.

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Recycling is vital for a sustainable and clean environment. Developed and developing countries are both facing the problem of solid management waste and recycling issues. Waste classification is a good solution to separate the waste from the recycle materials. In this work, we propose a cloud based classification algorithm for automated machines in recycling factories using machine learning. We trained an efficient MobileNet model, able to classify five different types of waste. The inference can be performed in real-time on a cloud server. Various techniques are described and used in order to improve the classification accuracy, such as data augmentation and hyper-parameter tuning. Multiple industrial stations are supported and interconnected via custom data transmission protocols, along with security features. Experimental results indicated that our solution can achieve excellent performance with 96.57% accuracy utilizing a cloud server.
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45

Stasiowski, Maciej. "No Figures in the Landscape: Post-Anthropocentric Typologies of Architectural Settings in Science-Fiction Films." Kwartalnik Filmowy, no. 110 (August 26, 2020): 24–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36744/kf.357.

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In the ascending age of automation factories, storage facilities, and server farms, intelligent buildings are becoming less dependent on human maintenance. These new and updated architectural forms do not comply with traditional typologies. From the Vitruvian Man to Modulor, our bodies were the measure of most constructions. Yet automation renders new constructions incompatible with patterns of human habitation. This article focuses on the iconography of buildings designed to operate with little to none human interaction, providing an insight into how such settings influenced recent (last decade) science-fiction films like Blade Runner 2049 (dir. Denis Villeneuve, 2017), Captive State (dir. Rupert Wyatt, 2019), I Am Mother (dir. Grant Sputore, 2019), or Transcendence (dir. Wally Pfister, 2014). In each of them, artificial intelligence is an intrinsic composite of the environment, terraforming a post-anthropocentric reality of data centres, automated warehouses and drosscapes.
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Altintas, Yusuf. "Congratulatory Message." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 3 (April 28, 2017): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0341.

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International Journal of Automation Technology (IJAT) was initiated by Prof. Takeuchi to fill the gap between manufacturing and its application in the presently automated factories ten years ago. The journal has received strong record of submissions which have passed through rigorous review process by highly established academics in the field. As a result, IJAT has become one of the key journals to disseminate research results from traditional manufacturing processes to most advanced nano-micro manufacturing, smart actuators, robots, micro-manipulators, control methods, and a number of key automation applications. The Editors-in-Chief Prof. Takeuchi, associate editors, and editorial officer Mr. Wakai for the outstanding efforts which brought the journal to a world class level in past ten years. We appreciate all authors who contributed to the journal with their articles which made the journal successful. Yusuf Altintas October 31, 2016
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47

Munir, Qaisar, and Timo Kärki. "Cost Analysis of Various Factors for Geopolymer 3D Printing of Construction Products in Factories and on Construction Sites." Recycling 6, no. 3 (September 8, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling6030060.

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The utilization of geopolymer 3D printing for construction products in recent years has been exceptionally substantial, owing to their low carbon dioxide emissions, high-performance properties such as durability, and good thermal and mechanical properties. This automated manufacturing process reduces the need for additional formworks, capital investments, and human resources. Geopolymer 3D printing development is emerging because of its advanced use in construction applications. However, high costs of the initial stages of geopolymer production and 3D printing has inhibited the development of this technology in many countries. This research presents a comprehensive economic evaluation of the investment for each principal stage that facilitates a better deployment of the resources. The study investigated all phases of geopolymer production, from the extraction of raw materials to printing. The cost for the four fundamental stages, namely raw material availability and transportation, pretreatments for raw materials, parameter selection and strength requirements, and printing in factories and on construction sites, were analyzed. The results show that 3D printing of a geopolymer on a construction site is economically more advantageous compared to printing in the factory. The study also verified that raw material transportation cost has the least effect on the finished product cost, whereas pretreatments of raw material and mixing parameters significantly influenced the ultimate cost of the product. Finally, research work suggested the need for future tasks to make geopolymer 3D printing a viable construction approach.
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Abdulwahid, Maan M. "Design and Implementation of Motor Speed Control Model by using PLC." Informatica : Journal of Applied Machines Electrical Electronics Computer Science and Communication Systems 01, no. 01 (December 1, 2020): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47812/ijamecs2010108.

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The consideration of using a SCADA system has gained wide interest in the recent year. Especially when it comes to workstations and factories. One of the most interesting features was the SCADA system based on motor speed control. Therefore, this document introduced the design and implementation of the engine speed control model system. The proposed model was designed using PLC (Programmable Logical Controller) to be the most advanced automated control system. That is used in the production of electricity and the automation of the distribution for the quality of the energy. As a result, our proposed system is designed to control the station extensions and remote control of other systems or other stations where orders and instructions are transferred accurately and at great speed in addition to the details of the systems whether the speed of rotation devices and hence could achieve higher reliability and efficient system.
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Lin, Jyh Dong, Chin Rung Chiou, Kuang Yi Wei, and Jih Chiang Lee. "The Application of Smart Vehicle Deployment System in Asphalt Concrete Factory." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 3407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.3407.

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Asphalt concrete is one material of pavement engineering. Owning to the density of AC factories in Taiwan is highly concentrated and with the characteristic of industrial structure and operations, the margin is not much. Under this situation, only the entrepreneur with efficiently manage could run the business. Recently, the production of AC is tended to be institutionalized, computerized and automated. But the produce schedule and distribution still need to arrange by experienced staff. To AC factory and the manager of construction site, it is a very important issue that how to efficiently produce and distribution with more benefit. This research is based on the traditional model of experienced vehicle deployment which recording the delivered paths, time and related information. By the systemize analysis, we could compare the difference output of intelligent vehicle deployment system between the traditional one. This way, the actual benefit of deployment system could be estimated. This research result could be help for decision making.
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Mativenga, P. T., and K. K. B. Hon. "Wear and cutting forces in high-speed machining of H13 using physical vapour deposition coated carbide tools." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 219, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/95440505x8127.

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This paper reviews the contributions that coatings make in enhancing the cutting performance of carbide tools and, in particular, their application in high-speed machining. It examines flank wear and cutting force process trends that are essential for monitoring tool degradation in automated machining factories. The findings of the investigation into cutting forces over the life cycle of different physical vapour deposition (PVD) tool coatings on micrograin carbide in the high-speed machining of tool steel are presented and related to the existing literature. Cutting tests were carried out at a very high spindle speed, 40000 r/min, and for a predetermined cutting time. Variants of the TiAlN coating, i.e. single- and double-layer and composite coating enhanced with WC/C, were evaluated against the uncoated tool and the TiCN, CrN, and TiN coatings. The paper reflects on the performance of advanced PVD coatings and also presents force trends and suggestions for process monitoring.
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