Academic literature on the topic 'Autoimmune diseases Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Autoimmune diseases Australia"
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Daniel, Benjamin S., Andrew Dermawan, and Dédée F. Murrell. "The Autoimmune Blistering Diseases in Australia: Status and Services." Dermatologic Clinics 29, no. 4 (October 2011): 687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2011.07.002.
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Batzloff, Michael R., David McMillan, and Manisha Pandey. "Progress towards a vaccine for Streptococcus pyogenes." Microbiology Australia 30, no. 5 (2009): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma09187.
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Infection with Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus, GAS) can lead to rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD), which are significant health concerns in the Indigenous populations of developed countries, including Australian Aboriginal people. The global burden of GAS diseases had been recently reviewed 1 and multiple studies have demonstrated the high burden of these diseases in Australia. RF and RHD are autoimmune type diseases, in which T-cells and antibodies targeting the bacteria may also cross-react with human tissues, therefore rendering a whole cell vaccine impractical.
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Wong, Peter K. K., Hanish Bagga, Claire Barrett, Paddy Hanrahan, Doug Johnson, Amel Katrib, Karin Leder, et al. "A practical approach to vaccination of patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases in Australia." Internal Medicine Journal 47, no. 5 (May 2017): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imj.13371.
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Adams, Christi L., and John N. A. Hooper. "A revision of Australian Erylus (Porifera : Demospongiae : Astrophorida : Geodiidae) with a tabular review of worldwide species." Invertebrate Systematics 15, no. 3 (2001): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it00028.
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ErylusGray (Porifera: Geodiidae) has been recorded in Australian waters from two antiquated reports (E. lendenfeldi Sollas, 1888 and E. proximus Dendy, 1916). These two species are redescribed. From more recent collections from the Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea, southern Queensland and Western Australia four new species (E. amissus, E. circus, E. citrus and E. fromonta, spp. nov.) were discovered and are described. One other, presently unrecognisable, species from an antiquated museum slide preparation is also described. A tabular review of species worldwide is also provided. Erylus has been an important source of novel bioactive compounds, including those with antitumor and antifungal properties and that are helpful in combating autoimmune diseases (including HIV). This discovery of four new species, increasing the diversity of the genus by 66% in Australian waters, has important implications pertaining to the existence of new compounds, or analogues of existing compounds unique to Erylus, as potential therapeutic marine natural products.
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Dow, Coad Thomas, and Laith Kidess. "BCG Vaccine—The Road Not Taken." Microorganisms 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2022): 1919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10101919.
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The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been used for over one hundred years to protect against the most lethal infectious agent in human history, tuberculosis. Over four billion BCG doses have been given and, worldwide, most newborns receive BCG. A few countries, including the United States, did not adopt the WHO recommendation for routine use of BCG. Moreover, within the past several decades, most of Western Europe and Australia, having originally employed routine BCG, have discontinued its use. This review article articulates the impacts of those decisions. The suggested consequences include increased tuberculosis, increased infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), increased autoimmune disease (autoimmune diabetes and multiple sclerosis) and increased neurodegenerative disease (Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease). This review also offers an emerged zoonotic pathogen, Mycobacteriumavium ss. paratuberculosis (MAP), as a mostly unrecognized NTM that may have a causal role in some, if not all, of these diseases. Current clinical trials with BCG for varied infectious, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases have brought this century-old vaccine to the fore due to its presumed immuno-modulating capacity. With its historic success and strong safety profile, the new and novel applications for BCG may lead to its universal use–putting the Western World back onto the road not taken.
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Foo, Damien, Mohinder Sarna, Gavin Pereira, Hannah C. Moore, and Annette K. Regan. "Prenatal influenza vaccination and allergic and autoimmune diseases in childhood: A longitudinal, population-based linked cohort study." PLOS Medicine 19, no. 4 (April 5, 2022): e1003963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003963.
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Background Few studies have evaluated the effect of maternal influenza vaccination on the development of allergic and autoimmune diseases in children beyond 6 months of age. We aimed to investigate the association between in utero exposure to seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and subsequent diagnosis of allergic and autoimmune diseases. Methods and findings This longitudinal, population-based linked cohort study included 124,760 singleton, live-born children from 106,206 mothers in Western Australia (WA) born between April 2012 and July 2016, with up to 5 years of follow-up from birth. In our study cohort, 64,169 (51.4%) were male, 6,566 (5.3%) were Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children, and the mean age at the end of follow-up was 3.0 (standard deviation, 1.3) years. The exposure was receipt of seasonal IIV during pregnancy. The outcomes were diagnosis of an allergic or autoimmune disease, including asthma and anaphylaxis, identified from hospital and/or emergency department (ED) records. Inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs) accounted for baseline probability of vaccination by maternal age, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander status, socioeconomic status, body mass index, parity, medical conditions, pregnancy complications, prenatal smoking, and prenatal care. The models additionally adjusted for the Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander status of the child. There were 14,396 (11.5%) maternally vaccinated children; 913 (6.3%) maternally vaccinated and 7,655 (6.9%) maternally unvaccinated children had a diagnosis of allergic or autoimmune disease, respectively. Overall, maternal influenza vaccination was not associated with diagnosis of an allergic or autoimmune disease (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 1.09). In trimester-specific analyses, we identified a negative association between third trimester influenza vaccination and the diagnosis of asthma (n = 40; aHR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.97) and anaphylaxis (n = 36; aHR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.95).We did not capture outcomes diagnosed in a primary care setting; therefore, our findings are only generalizable to more severe events requiring hospitalization or presentation to the ED. Due to small cell sizes (i.e., <5), estimates could not be determined for all outcomes after stratification. Conclusions In this study, we observed no association between in utero exposure to influenza vaccine and diagnosis of allergic or autoimmune diseases. Although we identified a negative association of asthma and anaphylaxis diagnosis when seasonal IIV was administered later in pregnancy, additional studies are needed to confirm this. Overall, our findings support the safety of seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine during pregnancy in relation to allergic and autoimmune diseases in early childhood and support the continuation of current global maternal vaccine programs and policies.
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Barth, Dylan D., Marianne J. Mullane, Claudia Sampson, Coco Chou, Janessa Pickering, Mark P. Nicol, Mark R. Davies, Jonathan Carapetis, and Asha C. Bowen. "Missing Piece Study protocol: prospective surveillance to determine the epidemiology of group A streptococcal pharyngitis and impetigo in remote Western Australia." BMJ Open 12, no. 4 (April 2022): e057296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057296.
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IntroductionGroup A β-haemolytic Streptococcus (GAS), a Gram-positive bacterium, causes skin, mucosal and systemic infections. Repeated GAS infections can lead to autoimmune diseases acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia have the highest rates of ARF and RHD in the world. Despite this, the contemporaneous prevalence and incidence of GAS pharyngitis and impetigo in remote Australia remains unknown. To address this, we have designed a prospective surveillance study of GAS pharyngitis and impetigo to collect coincident contemporary evidence to inform and enhance primary prevention strategies for ARF.Methods and analysisThe Missing Piece Study aims to document the epidemiology of GAS pharyngitis and impetigo through collection of clinical, serological, microbiological and bacterial genomic data among remote-living Australian children. The study comprises two components: (1) screening of all children at school for GAS pharyngitis and impetigo up to three times a year and (2) weekly active surveillance visits to detect new cases of pharyngitis and impetigo. Environmental swabbing in remote schools will be included, to inform environmental health interventions. In addition, the application of new diagnostic technologies, microbiome analysis and bacterial genomic evaluations will enhance primary prevention strategies, having direct bearing on clinical care, vaccine development and surveillance for vaccine clinical trials.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Western Australian Aboriginal Health Ethics Committee (Ref: 892) and Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Western Australia (Ref: RA/4/20/5101). Study findings will be shared with community members, teachers and children at participating schools, together with academic and medical services. Sharing findings in an appropriate manner is important and will be done in a suitable way which includes plain language summaries and presentations. Finally, findings and updates will also be disseminated to collaborators, researchers and health planners through peer-reviewed journal publications.
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Ekundayo, Temitope C., and Anthony I. Okoh. "Systematic Assessment of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis Infections from 1911–2019: A Growth Analysis of Association with Human Autoimmune Diseases." Microorganisms 8, no. 8 (August 10, 2020): 1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081212.
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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is an understudied pathogen worldwide with continuous implications in human autoimmune diseases (ADs). The awareness of MAP appears to be low in many places and its research is at infant stage in many countries. The lack of worldwide coverage of the MAP research landscape calls for urgent research attention and prioritization. This present study aimed to assess MAP global research productivity with an emphasis on its implications in ADs via bibliometric and growth analytic frameworks from authors, countries, institutions, international, disciplines and collaboration network perspectives. MAP primary articles were retrieved from the Scopus database and the Web of Science from 1911 to 2019 via title-specific algorithm. Analytic results of dataset yielded a total of 3889 articles from 581 journals and 20.65 average citations per documents. The annual growth rate of MAP research for the period was 6.31%. Based on a country’s productivity (articles (%), freq. of publication (%)), the USA (887 (22.81%), 26.72%), and Australia (236 (6.07%), 6.07%) ranked the top 2 countries but Egypt and Germany had the highest average growth rate (AGR, 170%) in the last 3 years. MAP studies are generally limited to Europe, Australia, Asia, South America and few nations in Africa. It had positive growth rate (30%–100%) in relation to type 1 diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis ADs; food science and technology, immunology, agriculture, pathology, and research and experimental medicine, wildlife, environments, virulence, disease resistance, meat and meat products, osteopontin, waste milk and slurry/sludge digestion subjects; but negative growth (−130% to −30%) in ulcerative colitis and Parkinson’s disease and no growth in multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis, thyroid disorders, psoriasis, and lupus. The mapping revealed a gross lack of collaboration networking in terms of authorship, (intra- and inter-) nationally and institutionally with a generalized collaboration index of 1.82. In conclusion, inadequate resources-, knowledge- and scientific-networking hampered growth and awareness of MAP research globally. The study recommends further research to strengthen evidence of MAP’s epidemiologic prevalence in ADs and proffer practical solution(s) for drug development and point-of-care diagnostics amongst other extended themes.
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Borradale, David, and Michael Kimlin. "Vitamin D in health and disease: an insight into traditional functions and new roles for the ‘sunshine vitamin’." Nutrition Research Reviews 22, no. 2 (November 10, 2009): 118–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954422409990102.
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Vitamin D is unique among the vitamins in that man can synthesise it via the action of UV radiation upon the skin. This combined with its ability to act on specific target tissues via vitamin D receptors (VDR) make its classification as a steroid hormone more appropriate. While vitamin D deficiency is a recognised problem in some northern latitude countries, recent studies have shown that even in sunny countries, such as Australia, vitamin D deficiency may be more prevalent than first thought. Vitamin D is most well known for its role in bone health; however, the discovery of VDR on a wide variety of tissue types has also opened up roles for vitamin D far beyond traditional bone health. These include possible associations with autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel diseases, cancer, CVD and muscle strength. First, this paper presents an overview of the two sources of vitamin D: exposure to UVB radiation and food sources of vitamin D, with particular focus on both Australian and international studies on dietary vitamin D intake and national fortification strategies. Second, the paper reviews recent epidemiological and experimental evidence linking vitamin D and its role in health and disease for the major conditions linked to suboptimal vitamin D, while identifying significant gaps in the research and possible future directions for research.
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RAMOS-CASALS, MANUEL, SANDRA MUÑOZ, FRANCISCO MEDINA, LUIS-JAVIER JARA, JOSÉ ROSAS, JAIME CALVO-ALEN, PILAR BRITO-ZERÓN, XAVIER FORNS, and JOSE-MARIA SÁNCHEZ-TAPIAS. "Systemic Autoimmune Diseases in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Characterization of 1020 Cases (The HISPAMEC Registry)." Journal of Rheumatology 36, no. 7 (April 15, 2009): 1442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.080874.
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Objective.To describe the clinical and immunologic characteristics of a large series of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases (SAD) associated with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.Methods.The HISPAMEC Registry is a multicenter international study group dedicated to collecting data on patients diagnosed with SAD with serological evidence of chronic HCV infection. The information sources are cases reported by physicians of the HISPAMEC Study Group and periodic surveillance of reported cases by a Medline search updated up to December 31, 2007.Results.One thousand twenty HCV patients with SAD were included in the registry. Patients were reported from Southern Europe (60%), North America (15%), Asia (14%), Northern Europe (9%), South America (1%), and Australia (1%). Countries reporting the most cases were Spain (236 cases), France (222 cases), Italy (144 cases), USA (120 cases), and Japan (95 cases). The most frequently reported SAD were Sjögren’s syndrome (SS; 483 cases), rheumatoid arthritis (RA; 150 cases), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; 129 cases), polyarteritis nodosa (78 cases), antiphospholipid syndrome (59 cases), inflammatory myopathies (39 cases), and sarcoidosis (28 cases). Twenty patients had 2 or more SAD. Epidemiological data were available in 677 cases. Four hundred eighty-seven (72%) patients were female and 186 (28%) male, with a mean age of 49.5 ± 1.0 years at SAD diagnosis and 50.5 ± 1.1 years at diagnosis of HCV infection. The main immunologic features were antinuclear antibody (ANA) in 61% of patients, rheumatoid factor (RF) in 57%, hypocomplementemia in 52%, and cryoglobulins in 52%. The main differential aspect between primary and HCV-related SAD was the predominance of cryoglobulinemic-related markers (cryoglobulins, RF, hypocomplementemia) over specific SAD-related markers (anti-ENA antibodies, anti-dsDNA, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide) in patients with HCV.Conclusion.In the selected cohort, the SAD most commonly reported in association with chronic HCV infection were SS (nearly half the cases), RA and SLE. Nearly two thirds of SAD-HCV cases were reported from the Mediterranean area. In these patients, ANA, RF and cryoglobulins are the predominant immunological features.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Autoimmune diseases Australia"
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Staples, Judith. "Environmental influences on multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155175.
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The risk of autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) may be influenced by environmental factors early in life. This epidemiological thesis provides new knowledge on the role of early life environmental factors in MS in particular, for which the specific aetiology is unknown. Two main potential environmental determinants of MS, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and infections, are explored through an analysis of their timing of action in the life course and a consideration of their possible protective effects. Other organ-specific autoimmune disorders whose aetiology is also unknown, including type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are also assessed for links with UVR for comparison with MS. Two existing national Australian datasets provided the outcome data for the analyses. The 1995 Australian National Health Survey (NHS) provided summary prevalence estimates for ecological (population-level) analysis of four immune disorders other than MS. The 1981 Australian MS Survey, used for the largest part of the thesis, provided individual-level MS-case data for 1981 throughout Australia, and was further modified to construct a longitudinal MS-rates study dataset for analysis of timing of birth. Ecological analysis of the 1995 NHS data showed that geographic latitude was positively associated, and regional ambient UVR inversely associated, with the prevalence of type 1 diabetes in Australia. Ambient UVR exposure may thus be a protective factor against such disease at the population level. The association supports previous ecological findings for MS in Australia and adds to the evidence that UVR exposure might be a modifiable determinant for autoimmune disease generally. Longitudinal analysis of the reconstructed 1981 Australian MS Survey dataset showed that increased MS risk of around 30% was evident in Australians born in November to December (southern hemisphere early summer) compared with those born in May to June (early winter). This MS-risk pattern, indicating environmental factor(s) acting around the time of birth, mirrored (seasonally) that seen for MS in the northern hemisphere, suggesting globally similar perinatal environmental determinants modifying the risk of MS onset. Most importantly, this Australian pattern was found to be fully accounted for by individual, regional (state) and seasonal ambient UVR levels specific to the prenatal period seven to eight months before birth. Low ambient (maternal) UVR exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy thus appears to be associated with a higher risk of MS in the offspring. Birth-order analysis of cases in the 1981 MS Survey further showed that early birth order was independently associated with MS risk, MS cases being more likely to be one of the older siblings in their sibships. Consistent with the hygiene hypothesis, this result suggests that a lack of microbial exposure in early childhood may increase MS risk later in life. Population health implications of these findings are discussed. In particular, safe sun exposure and/or vitamin D supplementation during early pregnancy may help prevent subsequent onset of high-morbidity, long-duration and presently incurable autoimmune disorders such as MS in the offspring.
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Chew, Gary Yu Jin. "Clinical, molecular and cellular characteristics of an Australian cohort with primary antibody deficiency and autoimmunity." Phd thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/156087.
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Primary non-congenital antibody defects including common variable immune deficiency (CVID) are the most common forms of primary immune deficiency. These disorders are characterised by recurrent infection as well as immune dysregulation that results in autoimmunity and spontaneous inflammation. This thesis reports research into the mechanisms of primary antibody deficiency, and the intersection between autoimmunity and immune deficiency. The work described was made possible by a national cohort of patients with primary antibody deficiency (Australian New Zealand Antibody Deficiency Allele Study). The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the first 193 patients recruited to the study are described. The clinical presentations of members of this cohort are similar to those reported elsewhere, although several new features are reported. We describe atopic disease in patients with low or absent serum IgE. Chronic dermatitis and furunculosis were relatively common complications. Furthermore, the development of furunculosis was associated with non-infective gastrointestinal inflammation. Individuals with PAD who had lower total serum immunoglobulin levels appear to be at increased risk of clinically detectable granulomatous disease. The cohort was screened for novel genetic defects, specifically in miRNA genes and 3'-UTR regions of target genes implicated in B cell development. Although novel mutations were discovered in these genes, none were found to be physiologically relevant in the pathogenesis of primary antibody deficiency. Finally, the genetic and cellular basis of the association between antibody deficiency and autoimmunity was investigated. Two allelic variants of TNFRSF13B segregated with primary antibody deficiency. In addition, the association between these two variants and systemic autoimmunity was similar, irrespective of antibody phenotype. Conversely, the 1858T allele of PTPN22 segregates with various autoimmune diseases. This study reports that this allele is strongly associated with autoimmunity in patients with primary antibody deficiency. The cellular basis of autoimmunity in primary antibody deficiency remains uncertain, although an increase in CD19+CD21low B cells has been described in this subset. The mechanism for this expansion, and indeed the ontogeny of this population remains contentious. A novel phenotyping panel was employed to characterise these CD19+CD21 low B cells after validating this panel in peripheral adult blood, cord blood, and tonsils. CD19+CD21 low B cells were characterised in subjects with autoimmunity alone (systemic lupus erythematosus) and primary antibody deficiency. CD19+CD21 low B cells are heterogeneous. In those with autoimmunity alone, the CD19+CD21 low B cells were enriched for anergic and pre-germinal centre B cells while in some patients with antibody deficiency, CD19+CD21 low B cells arose in the absence of naive or transitional B cells, suggesting that they arose directly from early precursors. These CD19+CD21 low B cell phenotypes were not accounted for by the autoimmune allelic variant of PTPN22.
Book chapters on the topic "Autoimmune diseases Australia"
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Harrison, Leonard C., Jennifer J. Cook, Hudson Irene, Dean Brian, Peter G. Colman, F. Ian Martin, George A. Werther, Garry L. Warne, and John M. Court. "Azathioprine Immunotherapy: Australian Trials." In Immunotherapy of Diabetes and Selected Autoimmune Diseases, 99–110. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351073448-8.
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Beeler, Cole, and Mitchell Goldman. "Histoplasmosis." In Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease, edited by Cheston B. Cunha, 1135–38. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0175.
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This chapter talks about Histoplasma capsulatum, which is a thermally dimorphic fungus found most frequently in soil in the midwestern United States (US), Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. It mentions bird and bat excreta that are rich in organic nitrogen that support the growth of Histoplasma capsulatum. It looks at recent outbreaks of histoplasmosis that have occurred after cleaning a campsite contaminated by bat excreta, rototilling soil in a schoolyard below a bird roost, whitewater rafting, and digging for buried treasure. The chapter explains how individuals infected with H. capsulatum develop adequate cell-mediated immunity (CMI). It analyzes histoplasmosis-associated hospitalizations of patients with transplants, diabetes, and autoimmune conditions requiring biologic therapies that have increased in the US for the last decades.