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Journal articles on the topic 'Autocatalytic'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Blokhuis, Alex, David Lacoste, and Philippe Nghe. "Universal motifs and the diversity of autocatalytic systems." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 41 (September 28, 2020): 25230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013527117.

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Autocatalysis is essential for the origin of life and chemical evolution. However, the lack of a unified framework so far prevents a systematic study of autocatalysis. Here, we derive, from basic principles, general stoichiometric conditions for catalysis and autocatalysis in chemical reaction networks. This allows for a classification of minimal autocatalytic motifs called cores. While all known autocatalytic systems indeed contain minimal motifs, the classification also reveals hitherto unidentified motifs. We further examine conditions for kinetic viability of such networks, which depends on the autocatalytic motifs they contain and is notably increased by internal catalytic cycles. Finally, we show how this framework extends the range of conceivable autocatalytic systems, by applying our stoichiometric and kinetic analysis to autocatalysis emerging from coupled compartments. The unified approach to autocatalysis presented in this work lays a foundation toward the building of a systems-level theory of chemical evolution.

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2

Fedotov, Vladislav Kh, Nikolay I. Kol'tsov, and Petr M. Kosianov. "INFLUENCE OF THE AUTOCATALYTIC STAGES ON THE DYNAMICS OF CONJUGATED CHEMICAL REACTIONS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, no. 2 (February 8, 2020): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206302.6053.

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Chemical reactions occurring on nonlinear mechanisms, containing the stage of interaction of various reagents (feedback), can exhibit unusual kinetic properties - the multiplicity of equilibria (hysteresis of different shape dependency on the «velocity-parameter»), change the time of the motion to the equilibrium (slow or fast relaxation), sustained oscillations (regular, irregular), etc. All these critical phenomena are usually associated with the appearance of unstable equilibria in the reactions under study. From the kinetic point of view, one of the main causes of instability is the presence of autocatalytic stages in the reaction mechanism. Therefore, it is interesting to study the effect of autocatalytic stages on the kinetics of chemical reactions, especially far from equilibrium. In this regard, the dynamic characteristics of typical conjugate reactions occurring by non-autocatalytic and autocatalytic mechanisms in an isothermal reactor of ideal mixing under the same conditions are compared in this paper. It is shown that the kinetics of these reactions is different: autocatalysis can shift the equilibrium, change the relaxation time and the rate of reactions. In an irreversible consecutive reaction (far from equilibrium) autocatalysis shifts the equilibrium in the direction of increasing the proportion occupied by the surface of the catalyst and the reaction rate dominated by positive autocatalysis. As the reversible processes increase, the balance shifts to the other side, the reaction slows down and autoinhibition begins to prevail. In parallel conjugate reactions, negative autocatalysis is not observed. In both types of the considered conjugate reactions, the maximum positive change in concentrations and velocity due to autocatalysis observed when these reactions are irreversible.

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3

Qi, Yuanwei, and Yi Zhu. "Computational Study of Traveling Wave Solutions of Isothermal Chemical Systems." Communications in Computational Physics 19, no. 5 (May 2016): 1461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.scpde14.38s.

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AbstractThis article studies propagating traveling waves in a class of reaction-diffusion systems which model isothermal autocatalytic chemical reactions as well as microbial growth and competition in a flow reactor. In the context of isothermal autocatalytic systems, two different cases will be studied. The first is autocatalytic chemical reaction of order m without decay. The second is chemical reaction of order m with a decay of order n, where m and n are positive integers and m>n≥1. A typical system in autocatalysis is A+2B→3B and B→C involving two chemical species, a reactant A and an auto-catalyst B and C an inert chemical species.The numerical computation gives more accurate estimates on minimum speed of traveling waves for autocatalytic reaction without decay, providing useful insight in the study of stability of traveling waves.For autocatalytic reaction of order m = 2 with linear decay n = 1, which has a particular important role in chemical waves, it is shown numerically that there exist multiple traveling waves with 1, 2 and 3 peaks with certain choices of parameters.

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4

Kumar, Rajeev, Zening Liu, Brad Lokitz, Jihua Chen, Jan-Michael Carrillo, Jacek Jakowski, C. Patrick Collier, Scott Retterer, and Rigoberto Advincula. "Harnessing autocatalytic reactions in polymerization and depolymerization." MRS Communications 11, no. 4 (July 12, 2021): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43579-021-00061-9.

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Abstract Autocatalysis and its relevance to various polymeric systems are discussed by taking inspiration from biology. A number of research directions related to synthesis, characterization, and multi-scale modeling are discussed in order to harness autocatalytic reactions in a useful manner for different applications ranging from chemical upcycling of polymers (depolymerization and reconstruction after depolymerization), self-generating micelles and vesicles, and polymer membranes. Overall, a concerted effort involving in situ experiments, multi-scale modeling, and machine learning algorithms is proposed to understand the mechanisms of physical and chemical autocatalysis. It is argued that a control of the autocatalytic behavior in polymeric systems can revolutionize areas such as kinetic control of the self-assembly of polymeric materials, synthesis of self-healing and self-immolative polymers, as next generation of materials for a sustainable circular economy. Graphic Abstract

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5

Skorb, Ekaterina V., and Sergey N. Semenov. "Mathematical Analysis of a Prototypical Autocatalytic Reaction Network." Life 9, no. 2 (May 20, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life9020042.

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Network autocatalysis, which is autocatalysis whereby a catalyst is not directly produced in a catalytic cycle, is likely to be more common in chemistry than direct autocatalysis is. Nevertheless, the kinetics of autocatalytic networks often does not exactly follow simple quadratic or cubic rate laws and largely depends on the structure of the network. In this article, we analyzed one of the simplest and most chemically plausible autocatalytic networks where a catalytic cycle is coupled to an ancillary reaction that produces the catalyst. We analytically analyzed deviations in the kinetics of this network from its exponential growth and numerically studied the competition between two networks for common substrates. Our results showed that when quasi-steady-state approximation is applicable for at least one of the components, the deviation from the exponential growth is small. Numerical simulations showed that competition between networks results in the mutual exclusion of autocatalysts; however, the presence of a substantial noncatalytic conversion of substrates will create broad regions where autocatalysts can coexist. Thus, we should avoid the accumulation of intermediates and the noncatalytic conversion of the substrate when designing experimental systems that need autocatalysis as a source of positive feedback or as a source of evolutionary pressure.

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6

Plasson, Raphaël, Axel Brandenburg, Ludovic Jullien, and Hugues Bersini. "Autocatalysis: At the Root of Self-Replication." Artificial Life 17, no. 3 (July 2011): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00033.

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Autocatalysis is a fundamental concept, used in a wide range of domains. From its most general definition, that is, a process in which a chemical compound is able to catalyze its own formation, several different systems can be described. We detail the different categories of autocatalyses, and compare them on the basis of their mechanistic, kinetic, and dynamic properties. It is shown how autocatalytic patterns can be generated by different systems of chemical reactions. The notion of autocatalysis covers a large variety of mechanistic realizations with very similar behaviors; it is proposed that its key signature is its kinetic pattern expressed in a mathematical form. This notion, while describing dynamic behaviors at the most fundamental level, is at the basis for developing higher-level concepts towards life: autocatalytic sets, and autopoietic systems.

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7

Baier, Gerold, and Sven Sahle. "Spatio-temporal patterns with hyperchaotic dynamics in diffusively coupled biochemical oscillators." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 1, no. 2 (1997): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1026022697000162.

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We present three examples how complex spatio-temporal patterns can be linked to hyperchaotic attractors in dynamical systems consisting of nonlinear biochemical oscillators coupled linearly with diffusion terms. The systems involved are: (a) a two-variable oscillator with two consecutive autocatalytic reactions derived from the Lotka–Volterra scheme; (b) a minimal two-variable oscillator with one first-order autocatalytic reaction; (c) a three-variable oscillator with first-order feedback lacking autocatalysis. The dynamics of a finite number of coupled biochemical oscillators may account for complex patterns in compartmentalized living systems like cells or tissue, and may be tested experimentally in coupled microreactors.

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8

Ribó, Josep M., and David Hochberg. "Spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking: an entropy production survey of the racemate instability and the emergence of stable scalemic stationary states." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 25 (2020): 14013–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp02280b.

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Stability of non-equilibrium stationary states and spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking, provoked by the destabilization of the racemic thermodynamic branch, is studied for enantioselective autocatalysis in an open flow system, and for a continuous range n of autocatalytic orders.

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9

Canepa, Carlo. "The role of autocatalysis on the chemical diversity of the prebiotic ocean of early Earth." International Journal of Astrobiology 15, no. 1 (May 5, 2015): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550415000099.

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AbstractThe spontaneous formation of catalytic polypeptides of various lengths in a primordial ocean endowed with a source of amino acids from micrometeorites was investigated and found to be sufficient to induce the transformation of potential substrates under the assumption of a high propensity of the environment to catalyse the formation of the peptide bond. This work aims to include in this picture the effect of autocatalysis, i.e. the ability of a polypeptide with a specific length to promote the formation of the peptide bond. Once the formation of an autocatalytic species is attained, the concentrations of the polypeptides, substrates and products of reaction exhibit a time-dependent rate of formation and undergo a catastrophic change. While in the absence of autocatalysis the concentrations of polypeptides are stationary and the formation of reaction products is limited by the proper frequency λ, autocatalysis induces a steady growth of the concentrations of polypeptides and a 100 − 105-fold increase of reaction products at t = ω−1<0.46 Gyr, with a subsequent linear growth in time according to the law u/z0 = 1+s(ω−1+t)/z0, provided the autocatalytic species be active with length fewer than 70 amino acid units. A relationship was found between the catalytic ability of the environment (expressed by the ratio η/ηh of the rate coefficient for peptide bond formation to the corresponding rate coefficient for hydrolysis) and the time of the sharp increase of the concentration of both the polypeptides and their products of transformation. Although the formation of autocatalytic polypeptides is able to rapidly induce a sharp increase in the concentration of both polypeptides and their products of transformation, the crucial formation of the first autocatalytic polypeptides relies on the ability of the environment to promote the formation of the peptide bond. The value of the ratio η/ηh, constrained by the available time for chemical evolution to values bordering the catalytic activity of present-day enzymes, suggests that the correlation between the presence of water and the formation of a complex chemistry should be taken with caution.

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10

Xu, Zhongmin, Guodong Cheng, Robert E. Ulanowicz, Xiaoyu Song, Xiaohong Deng, and Fanglei Zhong. "The common developmental road: tensions among centripetal and centrifugal dynamics." National Science Review 5, no. 3 (April 4, 2017): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx033.

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Abstract Western thought since the Enlightenment has been predominantly linear in scope, while Eastern philosophy has focused mostly on the cyclical. Recent advances in complex systems, however, have highlighted the importance of cycles in nature, thereby opening an avenue for new common endeavors. This analysis centers on the role of autocatalytic loops and addresses the evolutionary relationship between competition and cooperation. It posits an evolutionary chain running from individual competition, to individual cooperation, to collective competition, to deep cooperation. We identify the centripetality that is consequent to autocatalysis and define three types of centrifugalities. Development is defined in the context of the tension between these opposing directions. Finally, we propose an evolutionary process consisting of four stages: (i) autognosis, (ii) autocatalytic loop formation, (iii) self-control and (iv) self-realization (sensu Taoism). The developmental narrative promises to become a useful tool for facilitating communication between Eastern and Western cultures.

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11

Naik, Rajesh R., and Elizabeth W. Jones. "The PBN1 Gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: An Essential Gene That Is Required for the Post-translational Processing of the Protease B Precursor." Genetics 149, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 1277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/149.3.1277.

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Abstract The vacuolar hydrolase protease B in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is synthesized as an inactive precursor (Prb1p). The precursor undergoes post-translational modifications while transiting the secretory pathway. In addition to N- and O -linked glycosylations, four proteolytic cleavages occur during the maturation of Prb1p. Removal of the signal peptide by signal peptidase and the autocatalytic cleavage of the large aminoterminal propeptide occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Two carboxy-terminal cleavages of the post regions occur in the vacuole: the first cleavage is catalyzed by protease A and the second results from autocatalysis. We have isolated a mutant, pbn1-1, that exhibits a defect in the ER processing of Prb1p. The autocatalytic cleavage of the propeptide from Prb1p does not occur and Prb1p is rapidly degraded in the cytosol. PBN1 was cloned and is identical to YCL052c on chromosome III. PBN1 is an essential gene that encodes a novel protein. Pbn1p is predicted to contain a sub-C-terminal transmembrane domain but no signal sequence. A functional HA epitope-tagged Pbn1p fusion localizes to the ER. Pbn1p is N-glycosylated in its amino-terminal domain, indicating a lumenal orientation despite the lack of a signal sequence. Based on these results, we propose that one of the functions of Pbn1p is to aid in the autocatalytic processing of Prb1p.

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12

Hordijk, Wim, Jonathan Naylor, Natalio Krasnogor, and Harold Fellermann. "Population Dynamics of Autocatalytic Sets in a Compartmentalized Spatial World." Life 8, no. 3 (August 18, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life8030033.

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Autocatalytic sets are self-sustaining and collectively catalytic chemical reaction networks which are believed to have played an important role in the origin of life. Simulation studies have shown that autocatalytic sets are, in principle, evolvable if multiple autocatalytic subsets can exist in different combinations within compartments, i.e., so-called protocells. However, these previous studies have so far not explicitly modeled the emergence and dynamics of autocatalytic sets in populations of compartments in a spatial environment. Here, we use a recently developed software tool to simulate exactly this scenario, as an important first step towards more realistic simulations and experiments on autocatalytic sets in protocells.

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13

Thapaliya, Ek Raj, Subramani Swaminathan, Burjor Captain, and Françisco M. Raymo. "Autocatalytic Fluorescence Photoactivation." Journal of the American Chemical Society 136, no. 39 (September 18, 2014): 13798–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja5068383.

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14

Steel, Mike, Wim Hordijk, and Joshua Smith. "Minimal autocatalytic networks." Journal of Theoretical Biology 332 (September 2013): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.04.032.

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15

Henry, James R. "Electroless (autocatalytic) plating." Metal Finishing 98, no. 1 (January 2000): 424–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(00)80351-7.

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16

Henry, James R. "Electroless (autocatalytic) plating." Metal Finishing 97, no. 1 (January 1999): 424–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(00)83102-5.

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17

Henry, James R. "Electroless (autocatalytic) plating." Metal Finishing 99 (January 2001): 424–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(01)85302-2.

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18

Henry, James R. "Electroless (autocatalytic) plating." Metal Finishing 100 (January 2002): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(02)82044-x.

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19

Hordijk, Wim. "Autocatalytic confusion clarified." Journal of Theoretical Biology 435 (December 2017): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.09.003.

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20

Henry, James R. "Electroless (autocatalytic) plating." Metal Finishing 97, no. 1 (January 1999): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(99)80044-0.

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21

Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Wim Hordijk, and Stuart Kauffman. "Biodiversity is autocatalytic." Ecological Modelling 346 (February 2017): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.12.003.

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22

Priimägi, Linnar. "The problem of the autocatalytic origin of culture in Juri Lotman’s cultural philosophy." Sign Systems Studies 33, no. 1 (December 31, 2005): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2005.33.1.08.

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The origin of culture remains in the sphere of hypotheses. Although the hypotheses derive from two presumptions: first, how the structure of culture is envisaged, and secondly, how culture is thought to function. Juri Lotman dealt with both aspects of culture, initially the structural and typological and later the dynamic aspects. Thereby, he arrived at the cultural-philosophical hypothesis of the autocatalytic origin of culture. A catalyst is a component of a chemical reaction which itself doesn’t transform during the reaction, but whose presence is needed to guarantee the reaction (or to stimulate it). Thus, autocatalysis is a paradoxical situation in which the genesis of something presumes the pre-existence of the final product. The paradox of the autocatalysis of culture lies in the fact that culture cannot emerge from anything other than from culture itself, from its own germination. In 1988, speaking about the autocatalysis of culture, Lotman refered to the cultural historicist Nikolai I. Konrad (1891–1970), who undoubtedly borrowed this idea from Jacob Christopher Burckhardt (1818–1897). This undiscovered connection reminds us of the fact, that a model for autocatalysis (or an autopoiesis) was basic to Naturphilosophie of the 19th century. In the 20th century, this was represented by Vladimir I. Vernadsky (1863–1945), from whom Lotman in 1982 received the impetus to formulate the concept of semiosphere as well as of the autocatalysis of culture. The autocatalysis model of culture is culturally diachronical, the semiosphere is, however, a synchronical one. In both cases, the natural philosophical cytology of the 19th century was Lotman’s semiotical meta-language.

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23

Bakker, Jurriën J., Oscar Afonso, and Sandra T. Silva. "THE EFFECTS OF AUTOCATALYTIC TRADE CYCLES ON ECONOMIC GROWTH." Journal of Business Economics and Management 15, no. 3 (July 8, 2014): 486–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2012.720596.

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This paper shows that autocatalytic trade cycles can be a positive feedback system for innovation and thus for economic growth. Using United Nations data, a trade network is proposed and a set of variables that represent the participation of countries in autocatalytic trade cycles is constructed. A clear relationship between these variables and economic growth is found since more innovation is produced in countries that are part of trade cycles. However, the relationship changes with autocatalytic trade cycle sizes, categories of goods and time scales. Moreover, autocatalytic trade cycles also have a positive effect for the trade flows involved, although this effect differs significantly depending on the size of the cycles. This new approach based on autocatalytic trade cycles emphasizes the benefits that countries can extract from trade cycles and points out the need of policies that foster these benefits. These conclusions strengthen existing literature, and also add new insights to innovation policy and the pursuit of economic prosperity.

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24

Khan, Noor Saeed, Poom Kumam, and Phatiphat Thounthong. "Computational Approach to Dynamic Systems through Similarity Measure and Homotopy Analysis Method for Renewable Energy." Crystals 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10121086.

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To achieve considerably high thermal conductivity, hybrid nanofluids are some of the best alternatives that can be considered as renewable energy resources and as replacements for the traditional ways of heat transfer through fluids. The subject of the present work is to probe the heat and mass transfer flow of an ethylene glycol based hybrid nanofluid (Au-ZnO/C2H6O2) in three dimensions with homogeneous-heterogeneous chemical reactions and the nanoparticle shape factor. The applications of appropriate similarity transformations are done to make the corresponding non-dimensional equations, which are used in the analytic computation through the homotopy analysis method (HAM). Graphical representations are shown for the behaviors of the parameters and profiles. The hybrid nanofluid (Au-ZnO/C2H6O2) has a great influence on the flow, temperature, and cubic autocatalysis chemical reactions. The axial velocity and the heat transfer increase and the concentration of the cubic autocatalytic chemical reactions decreases with increasing stretching parameters. The tangential velocity and the concentration of cubic autocatalytic chemical reactions decrease and the heat transfer increases with increasing Reynolds number. A close agreement of the present work with the published study is achieved.

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25

Roy, Anjan, Dotan Goberman, and Rami Pugatch. "A unifying autocatalytic network-based framework for bacterial growth laws." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 33 (August 13, 2021): e2107829118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107829118.

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Recently discovered simple quantitative relations, known as bacterial growth laws, hint at the existence of simple underlying principles at the heart of bacterial growth. In this work, we provide a unifying picture of how these known relations, as well as relations that we derive, stem from a universal autocatalytic network common to all bacteria, facilitating balanced exponential growth of individual cells. We show that the core of the cellular autocatalytic network is the transcription–translation machinery—in itself an autocatalytic network comprising several coupled autocatalytic cycles, including the ribosome, RNA polymerase, and transfer RNA (tRNA) charging cycles. We derive two types of growth laws per autocatalytic cycle, one relating growth rate to the relative fraction of the catalyst and its catalysis rate and the other relating growth rate to all the time scales in the cycle. The structure of the autocatalytic network generates numerous regimes in state space, determined by the limiting components, while the number of growth laws can be much smaller. We also derive a growth law that accounts for the RNA polymerase autocatalytic cycle, which we use to explain how growth rate depends on the inducible expression of the rpoB and rpoC genes, which code for the RpoB and C protein subunits of RNA polymerase, and how the concentration of rifampicin, which targets RNA polymerase, affects growth rate without changing the RNA-to-protein ratio. We derive growth laws for tRNA synthesis and charging and predict how growth rate depends on temperature, perturbation to ribosome assembly, and membrane synthesis.

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26

Mrákavová, Marta, Milan Melicherčík, Anna Olexová, and Ľudovít Treindl. "The Autocatalytic Reduction of Ferriin by Malonic Acid with Regard to the Ferroin-Catalyzed Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 68, no. 1 (2003): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20030023.

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The reduction of ferriin ([Fe(phen)3]3+, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) by malonic acid (MA) differs from the reduction of Ce(IV) or Mn(III) ions by MA in its autocatalytic character and in a pregnant influence of oxygen, which behaves obviously as a catalyst. The time dependence of the ferroin-ferriin redox potential at the last stage of this reaction has a sigmoidal shape, which indicates autocatalysis. Under anaerobic conditions, the inflection time is of the order of several tens of minutes, since autocatalysis cannot proceed unless a sufficient amount of oxygen is produced via oxidation of water (OH- ions) with Fe(IV) formed by the ferriin dismutation. Under aerobic conditions, the inflection time decreases to a value of a few seconds. The probable reaction mechanism is discussed in detail.

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27

Molenaar, A., and J. W. G. de Bakker. "Autocatalytic Deposition of Tin." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 136, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2096639.

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28

Simoyi, Reuben H. "Autocatalytic chlorite-bromide reaction." Journal of Physical Chemistry 89, no. 16 (August 1985): 3570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100262a029.

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29

Kauffman, Stuart A. "Autocatalytic sets of proteins." Journal of Theoretical Biology 119, no. 1 (March 1986): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5193(86)80047-9.

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30

Snytnikov, V. N., T. I. Mishchenko, Vl N. Snytnikov, and I. G. Chernykh. "Autocatalytic dehydrogenation of propane." Research on Chemical Intermediates 40, no. 1 (January 9, 2013): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11164-012-0967-1.

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31

Happel, R. "Autocatalytic networks with translation." Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 58, no. 5 (September 1996): 877–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8240(96)00007-9.

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32

Farmer, J. Doyne, Stuart A. Kauffman, and Norman H. Packard. "Autocatalytic replication of polymers." Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 22, no. 1-3 (October 1986): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2789(86)90233-2.

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33

Moraczewski, Krzysztof, Rafal Malinowski, Piotr Rytlewski, and Marian Zenkiewicz. "Autocatalytic metallization of polylactide." Polimery 60, no. 07/08 (July 2015): 492–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2015.492.

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34

Henry, Jim. "Electroless (autocatalytic, chemical) plating." Metal Finishing 93, no. 1 (January 1995): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-0576(95)93389-j.

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35

Kauffman, S. A., and J. D. Farmer. "Autocatalytic sets of proteins." Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 16, no. 3-4 (September 1986): 446–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02422126.

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36

Hansen, Jon M., Henry C. Lim, and Juan Hong. "Optimization of autocatalytic reactions." Chemical Engineering Science 48, no. 13 (July 1993): 2375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(93)81059-5.

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37

Happel, Robert, Robert Hecht, and Peter F. Stadler. "Autocatalytic networks with translation." Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 58, no. 5 (September 1996): 877–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02459488.

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38

Yang, Tung-Han, Shan Zhou, Kyle D. Gilroy, Legna Figueroa-Cosme, Yi-Hsien Lee, Jenn-Ming Wu, and Younan Xia. "Autocatalytic surface reduction and its role in controlling seed-mediated growth of colloidal metal nanocrystals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 52 (December 11, 2017): 13619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713907114.

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The growth of colloidal metal nanocrystals typically involves an autocatalytic process, in which the salt precursor adsorbs onto the surface of a growing nanocrystal, followed by chemical reduction to atoms for their incorporation into the nanocrystal. Despite its universal role in the synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals, it is still poorly understood and controlled in terms of kinetics. Through the use of well-defined nanocrystals as seeds, including those with different types of facets, sizes, and internal twin structure, here we quantitatively analyze the kinetics of autocatalytic surface reduction in an effort to control the evolution of nanocrystals into predictable shapes. Our kinetic measurements demonstrate that the activation energy barrier to autocatalytic surface reduction is highly dependent on both the type of facet and the presence of twin boundary, corresponding to distinctive growth patterns and products. Interestingly, the autocatalytic process is effective not only in eliminating homogeneous nucleation but also in activating and sustaining the growth of octahedral nanocrystals. This work represents a major step forward toward achieving a quantitative understanding and control of the autocatalytic process involved in the synthesis of colloidal metal nanocrystals.

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39

Mamat, Siti Salwana, Siti Rahmah Awang, and Tahir Ahmad. "Preference Graph of Potential Method as a Fuzzy Graph." Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2020 (February 19, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8697890.

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An autocatalytic set (ACS) is a graph. On the other hand, the Potential Method (PM) is an established graph based concept for optimization purpose. Firstly, a restricted form of ACS, namely, weak autocatalytic set (WACS), a derivation of transitive tournament, is introduced in this study. Then, a new mathematical concept, namely, fuzzy weak autocatalytic set (FWACS), is defined and its relations to transitive PM are established. Some theorems are proven to highlight their relations. Finally, this paper concludes that any preference graph is a fuzzy graph Type 5.

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40

Miras, Haralampos N., Cole Mathis, Weimin Xuan, De-Liang Long, Robert Pow, and Leroy Cronin. "Spontaneous formation of autocatalytic sets with self-replicating inorganic metal oxide clusters." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 20 (May 5, 2020): 10699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921536117.

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Here we show how a simple inorganic salt can spontaneously form autocatalytic sets of replicating inorganic molecules that work via molecular recognition based on the {PMo12} ≡ [PMo12O40]3– Keggin ion, and {Mo36} ≡ [H3Mo57M6(NO)6O183(H2O)18]22– cluster. These small clusters are able to catalyze their own formation via an autocatalytic network, which subsequently template the assembly of gigantic molybdenum-blue wheel {Mo154} ≡ [Mo154O462H14(H2O)70]14–, {Mo132} ≡ [MoVI72MoV60O372(CH3COO)30(H2O)72]42– ball-shaped species containing 154 and 132 molybdenum atoms, and a {PMo12}⊂{Mo124Ce4} ≡ [H16MoVI100MoV24Ce4O376(H2O)56 (PMoVI10MoV2O40)(C6H12N2O4S2)4]5– nanostructure. Kinetic investigations revealed key traits of autocatalytic systems including molecular recognition and kinetic saturation. A stochastic model confirms the presence of an autocatalytic network involving molecular recognition and assembly processes, where the larger clusters are the only products stabilized by the cycle, isolated due to a critical transition in the network.

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PAPAGEORGOPOULOS, D. C., G. HOOGERS, and D. A. KING. "THE INFLUENCE OF COADSORBATES (K, O) ON THE AUTOCATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION OF ACETIC ACID ON Rh{111}." Surface Review and Letters 01, no. 04 (December 1994): 553–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x94000643.

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The autocatalytic decomposition of acetic acid has been studied with TPD on the Rh{111} surface with and without the presence of coadsorbates. Sharp H2 and CO 2 desorption peaks indicating autocatalytic processes are produced after saturating the surface with acetate, and also after coadsorption of oxygen and potassium at room temperature. Oxygen is found to stabilize the acetate; potassiun destabilizes the acetate, and O/K mixtures have an intermediate effect. The results are discussed in terms of a simple empty-site-creation autocatalytic mechanism for systems in which the surface is initially fully saturated with adsorbate species.

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42

Fazekaš, Tomáš, Arpád Nagy, and Ľudovít Treindl. "Analysis of Asymmetric Sigmoid Kinetic Curves of Autocatalytic Reactions." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 4 (1993): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19930775.

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A new procedure for the analysis of sigmoid autocatalytic curves was developed based on the simulated annealing method. The procedure is particularly well suited to the treatment of asymmetric sigmoid shapes. The method was applied to the autocatalytic oxidation of citric acid with potassium permanganate.

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43

Hordijk, Wim, and Mike Steel. "Autocatalytic Networks at the Basis of Life’s Origin and Organization." Life 8, no. 4 (December 8, 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life8040062.

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Life is more than the sum of its constituent molecules. Living systems depend on a particular chemical organization, i.e., the ways in which their constituent molecules interact and cooperate with each other through catalyzed chemical reactions. Several abstract models of minimal life, based on this idea of chemical organization and also in the context of the origin of life, were developed independently in the 1960s and 1970s. These models include hypercycles, chemotons, autopoietic systems, (M,R)-systems, and autocatalytic sets. We briefly compare these various models, and then focus more specifically on the concept of autocatalytic sets and their mathematical formalization, RAF theory. We argue that autocatalytic sets are a necessary (although not sufficient) condition for life-like behavior. We then elaborate on the suggestion that simple inorganic molecules like metals and minerals may have been the earliest catalysts in the formation of prebiotic autocatalytic sets, and how RAF theory may also be applied to systems beyond chemistry, such as ecology, economics, and cognition.

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Zhuikov, Vsevolod A., Yuliya V. Zhuikova, Tatiana K. Makhina, Vera L. Myshkina, Alexey Rusakov, Alexey Useinov, Vera V. Voinova, et al. "Comparative Structure-Property Characterization of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-3-Hydroxyvalerate)s Films under Hydrolytic and Enzymatic Degradation: Finding a Transition Point in 3-Hydroxyvalerate Content." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030728.

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The hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation of polymer films of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) of different molecular mass and its copolymers with 3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) of different 3-hydroxyvalerate (3-HV) content and molecular mass, 3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate (PHB4MV), and polyethylene glycol (PHBV-PEG) produced by the Azotobacter chroococcum 7B by controlled biosynthesis technique were studied under in vitro model conditions. The changes in the physicochemical properties of the polymers during their in vitro degradation in the pancreatic lipase solution and in phosphate-buffered saline for a long time (183 days) were investigated using different analytical techniques. A mathematical model was used to analyze the kinetics of hydrolytic degradation of poly(3-hydroxyaklannoate)s by not autocatalytic and autocatalytic hydrolysis mechanisms. It was also shown that the degree of crystallinity of some polymers changes differently during degradation in vitro. The total mass of the films decreased slightly up to 8–9% (for the high-molecular weight PHBV with the 3-HV content 17.6% and 9%), in contrast to the copolymer molecular mass, the decrease of which reached 80%. The contact angle for all copolymers after the enzymatic degradation decreased by an average value of 23% compared to 17% after the hydrolytic degradation. Young’s modulus increased up to 2-fold. It was shown that the effect of autocatalysis was observed during enzymatic degradation, while autocatalysis was not available during hydrolytic degradation. During hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation in vitro, it was found that PHBV, containing 5.7–5.9 mol.% 3-HV and having about 50% crystallinity degree, presents critical content, beyond which the structural and mechanical properties of the copolymer have essentially changed. The obtained results could be applicable to biomedical polymer systems and food packaging materials.

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Insausti, Maria J., Fernando Mata-Pérez, and Maria P. Alvarez-Macho. "Kinetic Study of the Oxidation of Glycine by Permanganate Ions in Acid Medium." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 61, no. 2 (1996): 232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19960232.

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The oxidation of glycine by permanganate ions was studied in a buffered solution at pH 2.2. An autocatalytic reaction was observed, autocatalyzed by a soluble form of Mn(IV). Autocatalytic S-shaped kinetic curves were obtained by the spectrophotometric method and characterized by the time ti vs concentration in the inflection point.

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46

Chen, Zhen, Yukinaga Suzuki, Ayumi Imayoshi, Xiaofan Ji, Kotagiri Venkata Rao, Yuki Omata, Daigo Miyajima, Emiko Sato, Atsuko Nihonyanagi, and Takuzo Aida. "Solvent-free autocatalytic supramolecular polymerization." Nature Materials 21, no. 2 (October 14, 2021): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01122-z.

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47

Chen, Zhen, Yukinaga Suzuki, Ayumi Imayoshi, Xiaofan Ji, Kotagiri Venkata Rao, Yuki Omata, Daigo Miyajima, Emiko Sato, Atsuko Nihonyanagi, and Takuzo Aida. "Solvent-free autocatalytic supramolecular polymerization." Nature Materials 21, no. 2 (October 14, 2021): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01122-z.

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Tesema, Tefera E., Christopher Annesley, and Terefe G. Habteyes. "Plasmon-Enhanced Autocatalytic N-Demethylation." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 122, no. 34 (August 12, 2018): 19831–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b07078.

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Mitsuzawa, Shigenobu, and Sei-ichiro Watanabe. "Continuous growth of autocatalytic sets." Biosystems 59, no. 1 (January 2001): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0303-2647(00)00145-3.

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El-Sayed, Saad A. "Thermal explosion of autocatalytic reaction." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 16, no. 4 (July 2003): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-4230(03)00039-1.

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