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1
Willander, Johan. "Autobiographical odor memory." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7172.
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Hayes, Peter. "Autobiographical memory and emotion." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359849.
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Davison, Ian Michael. "Regret as autobiographical memory." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/188/.
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An autobiographical memory framework for the study of regret is contrasted with traditional decision-making approaches to regret. Based on the autobiographical memory framework a memory-based distinction is introduced between regrets for specific and general events. Across 6 studies the distinction is applied to issues related to the temporal pattern of regret and to survey data showing that long term inaction regrets tend to concern experiences from early adulthood. Studies 1 and 2 examined the temporal distribution of experienced regrets within the context of the “reminiscence bump” phenomenon from autobiographical memory research. Participants regretted proportionally more experiences from early adulthood than from elsewhere in the lifespan, but this pattern obtained for general regrets only: specific regrets were more randomly distributed and tended to concern more recent events. General regrets were more likely to concern inactions than actions, whereas specific regrets were as likely to concern actions as inactions. Consistent with regret surveys, the most frequently reported regrets concerned family, intimate relationships (including marriage and parenting), education, work, character and self-actualisation. These findings were interpreted with reference to life scripts. Studies 3 and 4 assessed the contribution of the life script to the temporal distribution of imagined future regrets. Young adults imagined and dated experiences they anticipated either themselves (Studies 3 and 4a), a peer (Study 4b) or an average person (Study 4c) might regret in life. A preminiscence bump peaking in decade three was found for general regrets. Across Studies 3 and 4 imagined regrets focussed on similar experiences, were described in predominantly general terms and were overwhelmingly associated with inaction. The experienced regrets of young adults (Study 3) were similar in content to the regrets described by older adults about the same period (Studies 1 and 2). The results are interpreted as evidence that a culturally timetabled script deems some events more important and regret-worthy than others. Study 5 examined regret’s relationship with other emotions. Specific regrets more often evoked hot and moral emotions, while general regrets more often evoked wistful emotions, and neither type was more strongly associated with despair emotions. Study 5 also considered a distinction between self- and other-focussed regrets. Self-actualisation and other-focussed regrets were statistically indistinguishable and both were more likely than self-achievement regrets to evoke moral emotions such as guilt, remorse, and shame. Finally, Study 6 showed that general regrets had a broader impact than did specific regrets insofar as they affected more domains and produced more consequences. Across all of the studies in the thesis the domains of family, intimate relationships, character, education, work and self-development are the main source of real and imagined regrets. It is argued that the representation of event knowledge in autobiographical memory combined with culturally determined scripts together shape what people regret in life.
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Gosch, Austin. "Handedness & Autobiographical Memory: An Examination of Handedness and its Effects on Autobiographical Memory." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1837.
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Previous research has shown that individuals who are inconsistently handed (IH) outperform consistently handed (IH) individuals on episodic and spatial memory tasks as well as many others. This current study examines whether handedness is related to a person’s ability to recall autobiographical memories (AM) - episodic memories about oneself. Participants were first asked to recall seven memories that will be cued by seven cue words: earth, friend, dream, power, love, trouble, and opinion. They later expanded on those memories to include more detail, then self-rated how well they were able to remember them on five aspects of AM (spatial layout, content, reliving, vividness, and belief) using a modified version of the Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire (AMQ). Ninety-seven participants (44.3% female, Age: 19 to 69 years) were included in the data analysis. All ninety-seven were recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk system and were financially compensated for their time. Results showed no main effect of handedness on AM in regards to all five AM aspects tested, meaning IH’s did not outperform CH’s in regards to autobiographical memory recall.
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Maccallum, Fiona Louise Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Autobiographical memory in complicated grief." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43510.
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Complicated Grief (CG) has been identified as a potential consequence of bereavement that is associated with unique and debilitating outcomes. This thesis investigated autobiographical memory in CG. This program of research focused on the specificity and content of autobiographical memories in the context of CG. Study 1 investigated memory retrieval specificity using a cue word paradigm. Bereaved individuals with CG displayed an overgeneral retrieval style (OGM) compared to bereaved individuals without CG. Study 2 found that CG participants were also less specific in imagining future events in response to positive cues. Further, there was a significant independent relationship between memory retrieval specificity and the specificity of future imaginings. Study 3 investigated the relationship between overgeneral memory and social problem solving. CG participants performed more poorly on this task; however, there was no independent relationship with memory retrieval style. Study 4 investigated the impact of treatment on OGM. Results indicated that as symptoms of CG reduced following treatment, individuals retrieved more specific memories to positive cues. Studies 5-7 examined proposed relationships between self construct and autobiographical remembering in CG, as outlined in Conway and Pleydell-Pearce??s (2000) self memory system model. In Study 5, individuals with CG were more likely than bereaved controls to view their self-identity as being related to the deceased. Study 6 investigated the relationship between self-discrepancy, personal goals and memory content. CG individuals were more likely to recall loss-related memories, and there was a relationship between personal goals and memory content. Study 7 extended examination of these factors to future-related thinking. Finally, the program recognised the importance of investigating the impact of the cognitive strategies that individuals may adopt to manage painful memories. Using an experimental Stroop procedure as a measure of thought accessibility, Study 8 investigated thought suppression in CG. The results suggested that CG individuals experienced greater interference from death-related cues. In summary, these studies highlighted some of the key memory processes that may be involved in the maintenance, and potentially the resolution, of CG.
6
Cheung, Sim-ling, and 張嬋玲. "Autobiographical memory specificity and depression." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47656980.
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Reduced autobiographical memory specificity is considered to be a vulnerability
factor for depression and is a significant predictor of the course of depression.
Previous studies have shown that different natures of rumination (abstract versus
concrete) have different effects on autobiographical memory specificity. Knowing
more about the relationship among depression, rumination, and autobiographical
memory specificity is important for understanding the cognitive biases in depression.
This study explored whether rumination of different valences had different effects on
autobiographical memory specificity in participants with major depressive disorder.
A 2 (group: MDD, control) x 2 (rumination: positive, negative) x 2 (time: pre, post)
mixed design was used. Fifty-two currently depressed people and 52 nonpsychiatric
controls completed this experiment. They did the Autobiographical Memory Test
and the mood ratings before and after either the positive or the negative rumination
task. In the rumination task, they were requested to focus their attention on some
specific thoughts about themselves. Results showed a significant group (depressed,
control) x time (pre, post) interaction effect for the number of specific memories.
This was a result of a significant decrease in specific memories retrieved after
negative rumination in the depressed group, but not after positive rumination. No
significant result was found among the nonpsychiatric controls. These findings seem
to be related to the inhibitory deficit of depressed people in keeping task-irrelevant
negative materials from the working memory. Therefore, the working memory
capacity is lowered and fewer specific memories are retrieved.published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Doctoral
Doctor of Psychology
7
Boardman, K. "Overgeneral autobiographical memory and depression." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3003427/.
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Benjamin, Maxwell J. "Autobiographical memory in Alzheimer's Disease." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2013. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/12348/.
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Retrieval of autobiographical memories (AMs) is important for “sense of self”. Current theoretical understanding of AM retrieval predicts that working memory (WM) and executive functions (ExF) enable the hierarchical search for, and reliving of past, personal events in the mind’s eye. However, there remains a lack of consensus as to the nature of the relationships between these cognitive functions and semantic and episodic aspects of AM. The present study therefore aimed to explore the associations between these variables in a sample with a wide range of ability on measures of WM, ExF, and AM. The study incorporated a between-groups component, and a correlational component with regression and mediation modelling. Participants with Alzheimer’s disease (n = 10) and matched healthy controls (n = 10) were assessed on measures of semantic and episodic AM search and retrieval, auditory and spatial WM, and verbal fluency. AD group AMs were significantly less episodic in nature compared to controls. There were no significant associations between WM measures and hierarchical search of semantic AM, or episodic AM retrieval. Verbal fluency, but not WM, predicted episodic AM retrieval and mediated the effect of dementia status on episodic AM retrieval independent of age effects. The study concluded that people with AD may be limited in their retrieval of episodic AM due to weaker verbal fluency, independent of ageing effects. WM appeared to play little role in facilitating episodic AM retrieval. Reminiscence interventions for people with AD might benefit from incorporating structured, individualised external memory-aids to facilitate more effective AM search and retrieval to prolong wellbeing.
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Oakes, Mark A. "Directed forgetting of autobiographical events /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9118.
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Cox, Rochelle Evelyn Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Autobiographical memory during hypnotic identity delusions." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Psychology, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/28047.
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The aim of this thesis was to examine the impact of an identity delusion on autobiographical memory and develop a model of deluded autobiographical memory to guide future research in this area. Given the difficulty of studying identity delusions in isolation from other clinical disorders, this thesis presents six experiments that used hypnosis as a laboratory model of identity delusions. Chapter 1 reviews literature from three distinct areas, including delusions, autobiographical memory, and hypnosis. Chapter 1 reviews a model of the self and autobiographical memory proposed by Conway (2005) and outlines the value of using hypnosis instrumentally to model delusions of self. Chapter 2 presents two experiments that established hypnosis as a suitable paradigm for investigating identity delusions. These experiments examined the parameters of the hypnotic delusion and tested the impact of the delusion on self and autobiographical memory. Chapter 3 presents two experiments that continued to examine the characteristics of autobiographical memory during a hypnotic identity delusion. These experiments indexed the specificity, source, perspective, and qualitative features of autobiographical memories elicited during a suggested identity delusion. Chapter 4 presents two experiments that investigated memory processing during a hypnotic identity delusion. These experiments illustrated the shifting accessibility of autobiographical memories during a hypnotic identity delusion. Finally, Chapter 5 draws the empirical findings together to discuss the value of hypnosis as a technique for modelling identity delusions and the ways in which a hypnotic identity delusion influences autobiographical memory. Importantly, Chapter 5 proposes a model of deluded autobiographical memory that integrates Conway???s (2005) self-memory system with relevant aspects of Langdon and Coltheart???s (2000) two-factor theory of delusions. Using this proposed model as a framework, Chapter 5 discusses the clinical and theoretical implications of the findings from this thesis and suggests future research directions.
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Sutherland, Kylie Anne Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Autobiographical memory in posttraumatic stress disorder." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Psychology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27273.
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This program of research investigated the nature and processes of autobiographical memory deficits in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Study 1 examined the proposition that difficulties in the retrieval of specific memories present a risk factor for posttraumatic psychopathology. A prospective study of fire-fighters found that a significant predictor of posttraumatic stress was a deficit in retrieving specific memories to positive cues before trauma. Study 2 investigated whether autobiographical retrieval deficits in PTSD can be modified by psychological treatment. Results found that as PTSD symptoms reduced following treatment, individuals with PTSD retrieved more specific memories to positive cues. Together, these results indicated that specific retrieval deficits to positive cues present a vulnerability factor for PTSD. However, this memory style appears to be receptive to modification following therapy. Study 3 investigated the association between autobiographical retrieval deficits and impaired problemsolving in PTSD. Participants with PTSD retrieved more overgeneral categoric memories and took longer to retrieve memories than non-PTSD trauma controls. This deficit was associated with impaired social problem-solving, suggesting that specific retrieval is related to successful problem solving. In an analogue design, Studies 4 and 5 investigated the proposition that resource limitations may underpin autobiographical retrieval deficits. Results generally supported the proposal that reduced cognitive resources may be a mechanism contributing to specific retrieval deficits. Studies 6 and 7 examined rumination as another possible mechanism responsible for these retrieval deficits. Study 6 found high anxious participants retrieved fewer specific memories to positive cues following rumination, compared to distraction. Study 7 found evidence that negative rumination in the high anxious group increased categoric retrieval, whereas positive rumination had no effect. Study 8 found retrieval of trauma-related self-defining memories was strongly associated with personal goals connected to the trauma. Study 9 found that discrepancies in one???s self construct were related to the retrieval of trauma memories to positive cues. This program of research extends current theories of autobiographical memory by identifying risk, maintenance, and recovery factors in the context of PTSD.
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Jansari, Ashok Surendra. "The reminiscence bump in autobiographical memory." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260901.
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The reminiscence bump is a phenomenon whereby older subjects recall a disproportionately large number of autobiographical memories from the period of adolescence. Chapter 1 provides a background to the field of autobiographical memory and Chapters 2 and 3 evaluated a claim that this was due to self-definition occuring during this period which biases subsequent recall; however the results were not conclusive. Chapter 4 showed that a reason for the lack of a bump in younger subjects' recall could be an over-reliance on recent memories - blocking this produced a reminiscence bump in their recall. Chapter 5 explored the idea that preferential recall of memories from an earlier point in life was simply due to a sampling bias but found that early memories are consistently recalled more quickly than subsequent memories and also that there is a large proportion of first-time or unique memories in this period suggesting a long-term "primacy" effect. Chapters 6 and 7 attempted to see if autobiographical recall consisted of a U-shaped curve encompassing this primacy as well as an advantage for recent memories at the expense of mid-life memories. The results showed that early and very recent memories are consistently recalled more rapidly and with greater detail implying that the underlying representations themselves are strongerChapters 8 and 9 were case studies on two patients, one diagnosed as a Korsakoff and the other as suffering from "Focal Retrograde Amnesia". These two studies used the paradigms and findings from the work on normals in an attempt to explain the patterns of recall that are classically associated with these disorders. Finally, Chapter 10 assimilates the work both with normals and with the amnesic patients and attempts to explain the findings using a number of models concerning the organisation of normal memory
13
Pengas, George. "Topographical and autobiographical memory in dementia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609463.
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Holmes, Alison. "Patterns of reminiscence in autobiographical memory." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/d476177e-83d4-46f1-9337-856f3befa245.
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Mair, Ali. "Effects of age on autobiographical memory." Thesis, City, University of London, 2017. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17395/.
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Six experiments investigate the effects of healthy ageing on autobiographical memory (AM). Previous work in this area has shown that older adults exhibit a deficit in recall of specific episodes from their personal past, yet there is evidence in the literature of exceptions to this rule. As yet, there have been few replications and little systematic exploration of the factors and processes that contribute to age effects in AM. Chapter 1 begins with an examination of age differences in memory for prospectively sampled recent everyday events – an area which, despite the growing interest in AM research, has remained largely unstudied. The results showed similar event memory for younger and older adults, and demonstrated both replicability and dissociation from more typical measures of AM (Experiment 2). Subsequent investigations focused on ways of cueing AM by manipulating the need for generative retrieval processing (Chapter 3), and the effect of increasing experimental control and measuring memory for the same staged event (Chapter 4). On all other tasks older adults performed more poorly than younger adults. However, a reanalysis of the data suggested that younger adults exhibit an elderly-like deficit on measures of memory for mundane, everyday events. Moreover, analysis of semantic memory within autobiographical narratives suggested that older adults recall more temporally abstracted information than younger adults (Chapter 5). The findings are interpreted within a framework which suggests that accumulating experience drives a shift from specific episodic memory representation towards a more abstracted schematic form. A parallel line of research investigated the effect of a wearable camera, SenseCam (SC), on memory for recently experienced events (Experiments 1, 4 and 5). SC use provided a general retrieval benefit, but the effect was the same for both younger and older adults, which supports the notion that poor memory performance in older adults is related to altered memory representation rather than deficient retrieval processes.
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McIntosh, Walter Stevenson. "Memory and place in autobiographical documentaries." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11995.
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Autobiographical documentary films involve the first-person recollection by filmmakers of events that have shaped their identity. Frequently in autobiographical documentaries there is a sense of poignancy in the process of looking back at the past, a sense of yearning for that which is gone, even if that past was not always positive when it originally occurred. What is the nature of this yearning for the past inherent in the process of articulating autobiographical experience, and how can the emotion in the process of re-approaching past experiences be expressed in the most moving way possible in the autobiographical documentary? In the retelling of lived events, the autobiographical documentary filmmaker frequently finds it important to communicate a sense of the way their identity in the present has emotionally coloured the tone and emphasis of their memory of the past event. In this way there is frequently a self-reflexive subjectivity to autobiographical documentaries that allows the filmmaker to evoke his or her own attitude to the remembered past and, increasingly, incorporates into the film’s discourse an implicit questioning of the ability of the representation process to provide access to an authentic sense of the past. This thesis will examine ways this aspect of memory can be movingly evoked in autobiographical documentaries. Much of this process of detailing the emotional resonance that memory holds for the filmmaker involves evoking interior emotional states, for which it is difficult to provide the same sort of visual evidence that is an integral component of documentary discourse when making claims about the external world. This project aims to investigate the sophisticated poetics that has developed in the autobiographical documentary form regarding the depiction of the past. How can cinematography, editing, voiceover, and sound design work in an imaginative, poetic way to express the sense of nostalgia, mourning, and the self-reflexive questioning of the process of representation that frequently characterizes the discourses of autobiographical documentaries? Can an interior, subjective sense of memory be communicated through creative means in a discourse that is conventionally focused on concretely verifiable facts about the external world? This thesis closely analyses the specific ways in which fourteen significant documentaries evoke a subjective sense of autobiographical memory, and how the filmmakers responsible for these particular films have depicted a sense of the crisis of the ability of autobiographical documentary to provide access to an authentic past through the articulation of memory.
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Healy, Helen G. "Determinants of specificity in autobiographical memory." Thesis, Bangor University, 1997. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/determinants-of-specificity-in-autobiographical-memory(2f72bd78-93be-400e-8303-983437fee63c).html.
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Depressed and suicidal patients have difficulty in recollecting specific autobiographical events. In response to cue words they tend to generate summarised or general memories instead of specific events. The objectives of this thesis are to explore the mechanisms underlying the production of specific and general autobiographical memories in a non clinical population. The roles of imagery and working memory in the generation of autobiographical memories were investigated. Four experiments examined how manipulating the imageability of the cue affected subsequent retrieval in autobiographical memory. The results show that cues high in imageability facilitated access to specific memories and that visual imageability was the most significant piedictor of memory specificity compared to a range of other perceptual modalities. The effect of an experimental manipulation on retrieval style was examined by instructing participants to retrieve specific events or general events using high or low imageable words to cue memories. The results show that induction. of a generic retrieval style reduced the specificity of images of future events. This models clinical findings with depressed and suicidal patients and suggests that associations between memory retrieval and future imaging share common intermediate pathways. A further experiment suggested that the image ability effects mediating the construction of specific memories may be in part due to the predicability of such retrieval cues. The hypothesis that retrieval of specific autobiographical memories is more effortful compared to the retrieval of general memories was also investigated using a dual task paradigm. Although central executive function has been implicated many times in the monitoring of autobiographical retrieval, no direct assessment of executive capacity during retrieval has been made. The results showed no significant difference in the randomness of a keypressing task when specific or general autobiographical memories were retrieved in response to either high or low imageable cue words. A direct retrieval hypothesis was proposed whereby cues directly accessed specific events in autobiographical memory and the adoption of such a strategy enabled participants to maintain performance on the secondary task.
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Quinn, Julie E. A. "Autobiographical remembering, from noun to verb, a discursive approach to autobiographical memory." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ64974.pdf.
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Crowther-Green, Ross S. "The role of autobiographical memory in psychopathology." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412216.
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Moberly, Nicholas James. "A cognitive-motivational investigation of autobiographical memory." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415169.
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Mcleod, Hamish John. "Autobiographical memory retrieval impairments and delusional ideation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415197.
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Boyacioglu, Inci. "Relationships between autobiographical memory and adult attachment." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535110.
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Stokes, Dawn. "The effect of trauma on autobiographical memory." Thesis, University of East London, 2005. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3801/.
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This thesis presents five studies which investigate the effect of trauma on autobiographical memory in both adult and adolescent population samples. Previous literature has found overgeneral recall to the cueing task in both abuse and other trauma population samples and reduced personal semantic recall in abuse population samples. This series of studies confirmed that poor semantic recall is a feature of the aftermath of abuse, both adolescent clinical and adult non clinical. Furthermore reduced semantic recall was apparent in an adolescent burn injured population sample. Episodic recall was measured using the cueing task with emotional cue words and the Children's Autobiographical Memory Interview, a semi structured interview based on lifetime periods. Consistent with the adult literature, traumatised adolescents demonstrated slower response latencies and overgeneral recall to the cueing task. Deficits were also found in recall to the lifetime periods on the CAMI and in the adolescent burn population samples these were further analysed in relation to the burn accident. However, the non clinical adult population sample demonstrated no significant differences on the cueing task and better episodic recall. In addition, a preliminary report suggested that the Means End Problem Solving task could be developed as an indirect autobiographical memory task.
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Ghufran, Safeena. "Trauma memories and disturbances in autobiographical memory." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6928/.
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Howard, Megan. "Understanding Autobiographical Memory of Children Through Self-Report." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1226.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Psychology
26
Jag, Shaani. "Narrativising Episodic Memory: From Memory Episodes to Micronarratives." Thesis, School of Liberal Arts, 2023. https://ro.uow.edu.au/tharts/7.
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In the current literature on Episodic Memory (EM), mental representations are often assumed to stand out as the main view that promises to explain how we experience past personal events. However, proponents of Radical Enactive Cognition (REC) have argued that this view is empirically and theoretically inadequate due to issues with misremembering - failure to recall events in the past accurately - and the Hard Problem of Content (HPC) (Hutto & Myin 2013, 2017). This thesis aims to utilise REC’s already established framework and narrative formulations of memory to provide the tools needed to characterise episodic memory. The thesis turns to Narrativist Accounts (Gallagher 2008, 2003; Gallagher & Hutto 2008; Hutto 2016, Nelson & Fivush 2004; Rudd 2012; Schechtman 1996) and takes notice of the various capacities and requirements needed under these views and how they can serve as a model that can account for EM. However, under a Narrativist Account (NA), episodic memory is always embedded within autobiographical narratives. This raises the question of whether NAs can make room for any kind of episodic memory when conditions such as coherence, temporality and achievement of specific narrative capacities are required. By drawing from research on Dementia, Alzheimer’s, PTSD and Depression, along with non-pathological scenarios, this thesis demonstrates that stronger and moderate narrativist accounts do not provide room for explaining episodic memory. l propose that episodic experiences of the personal past can be seen in a different light when understood as Micronarratives. Micronarratives are marked out by being fixed or resistant to updating while identifying with a particular event in the past, even if it is not in the form of an accurate or true description. l defend that episodic memory, in this view, is not confronted with the same problems and offers a viable alternative.
27
Worledge, George. "Determinants in the adult recall of autobiographical childhood memories." n.p, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Tagini, Angela. "Adult attachment and phenomenological characteristics of autobiographical memory." Thesis, Durham University, 2008. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2257/.
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The aim of the studies undertaken for this thesis was to explore relations between adult attachment and autobiographical memory. Study One investigated how a self-report measure of adult attachment style related to young adults' (N = 211) recall of their earliest memories. Dismissing individuals reported fewer negatively valenced memories than their counterparts in the secure and preoccupied groups. No attachment-related differences were found in the total number of memories (positive, neutral, negative) recalled, or individuals' ratings of the phenomenological properties of the memories. All three groups tended to rate negative memories more highly than neutral/positive memories on the phenomenological characteristics, although preoccupied individuals tended to show least differentiation on the basis of emotional valence. Study Two investigated how attachment state of mind as assessed using the Adult Attachment Interview (George, Kaplan, & Main, 1985) related to autobiographical memory in a separate sample (N = 65) of young adults. Autobiographical memory was assessed in terms of recall (a) of one's earliest memory, and (b) of childhood memories in response to attachment-related and non- attachment cues, and this study also controlled for concurrent depressive symptoms and previous experience of trauma. As in Study One, the earliest memory and the cued memories were rated for their phenomenological properties, but data were also collected on latency of recall. No relation was found between A.A.I, classification and any characteristic of the earliest memory. For the cued recall of attachment-related memories, A.A.I, classification independently predicted vividness, emotional intensity at encoding and emotional intensity at recall, with dismissing individuals scoring lowest and preoccupied highest. A.A.I, classification also predicted certain aspects of recall for non-attachment material. In particular, dismissing individuals rated non- attachment memories as less specific and less vivid than did individuals in the secure and preoccupied groups. A.A.I, classification has little impact on individuals’ responses to the attachment-related and non-attachment memories. The only effect of A.A.I, classification was seen on ratings of specificity; somewhat surprisingly, dismissing individuals rated attachment memories as more specific than non- attachment memories, whereas secure and preoccupied individuals did not differ in their ratings of the two types of memory. Study Three investigated how A.A.I, classification related to imagined future events in response to attachment-related and non-attachment cues in the same sample of participants who had taken part in Study Two. Controlling for gender, depressive symptoms and previous trauma (as in Study Two), the results of Study Three showed that A.A.I, classification predicted the reported vividness and self-relevance of attachment-related imagined future events. Compared with secure and preoccupied individuals, those in the dismissing group reported that future attachment-related events were less vivid. There was also a marginally significant trend for dismissing individuals to rate attachment-related future events as less self-relevant. Comparing recall of previous past events with future imagined events, individuals across all A.A.I, categories were slowing at recounting future events than at recalling past events, and rated past events as more vivid and emotionally intense. However, it was future events that were rated as more self-relevant than past events. Study Three also found that there was greater concordance between ratings of past and future events with respect to specific phenomenological properties for insecure individuals than for secure individuals.
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Crane, Laura May. "Autobiographical memory in adults with autism spectrum disorder." Thesis, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514203.
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Deptula, Andrew. "Autobiographical Memory and Theory of Mind in Schizotypy." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5623.
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Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit marked impairments on tasks assessing theory of mind (ToM) and autobiographical memory (AM) qualities, and preliminary research has indicated a positive link between these abilities. This study is the first to systematically explore this relationship in the related personality trait of schizotypy. In a study of 47 undergraduate students (23 males) reporting a wide continuous range of schizotypy, we found that females, but not males, exhibited a negative correlation between ToM and schizotypy, and an unexpected positive correlation between AM qualities and schizotypy. Factor score analysis within females indicated that disorganized schizotypy was the strongest correlate of both ToM (i.e., affective ToM; ability to infer emotions), and AM qualities (i.e., mental imagery vividness). Finally, independent of schizotypy and sex, ToM was negatively correlated with AM qualities. This negative association between ToM and AM as well as the positive relationship between schizotypy and AM (in females) distinguish findings in schizotypy from those in schizophrenia. Although, the qualities of AM in schizotypy are relatively unexplored in schizotypy, overlapping and AM-related constructs (e.g., mental image vividness, creativity) are enhanced in schizotypy. This phenomenon is theorized to occur due to a reduced latent inhibition process, which also reveals distinct patterns of sexual dimorphism in schizotypy. In sum, the current study found sex to be a critical variable in each hypothesis, demonstrating a unique pattern in females, but not males. It could be that distinct underlying mechanisms account for sex differences on ToM and AM tasks in schizophrenia-related disorders.M.S.
Masters
Psychology
Sciences
Psychology Clinical
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Sagfors, Line. "Autobiographical and hippocampus-dependent spatial memory in depression." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10024627/.
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Depression is associated with deficits in the recollection of specific autobiographical memories, a phenomenon referred to as overgeneral memory. Neither the modifiability nor the neural correlates of overgeneral memory are currently well understood. The aim of this thesis was to increase the understanding of autobiographical memory specificity and overgeneral memory in depression. Part one of the thesis is a literature review investigating whether interventions for treating and preventing depression are effective in improving autobiographical memory specificity. Nineteen studies of varying methodological strength were identified and included in the review. There is evidence that memory specificity improves over the course of treatment for depression, but further research is required to establish the causal effects of different interventions and the effectiveness of prevention strategies. Part two of the thesis presents an empirical study aimed at establishing the association between overgeneral memory and allocentric spatial memory as a measure of hippocampal function in depression. Depressed and non-depressed adults completed measures of autobiographical memory and allocentric spatial memory. The depression group showed impairment in autobiographical memory, but not in allocentric spatial memory, and there was no association between performance on the two memory tasks. The data was collected in the context of a joint project (Williams, 2017). Part three of the thesis is a critical appraisal of the research. It offers reflections on study design and recruitment, benefits of a joint project, exclusion criteria and generalizability, challenges in measuring autobiographical memory, and the role of a clinical researcher in the National Health Service.
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Kang, Song Hee. "Development of the Involuntary Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire (IAMQ)." W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626776.
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Neufeind, Julia. "An investigation into the role of thought suppression in the retrieval of autobiographical memories." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/686.
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Rutherford, Billy J. "Autobiographical memory specificity, negative mood state, and executive control : implications for clinical depression." [Huntington, WV : Marshall University Libraries], 2009. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=995.
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Morgan, Julie. "Post-Event Rumination and Autobiographical Memory in Social Anxiety." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536540.
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Whalley, Matthew G. "Autobiographical memory in depression : neuroimaging and computational linguistic investigation." Thesis, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542382.
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Goddard, Lorna. "The role of autobiographical memory in social problem-solving." Thesis, University of East London, 1997. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/1264/.
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This thesis presents five studies which examine the role of autobiographical memory in social problem-solving. All studies examined social problem-solving ability with the Means-End Problem-Solving (MEPS; J. J. Platt & G. Spivack, 1975) task, during which participants were required to attend to the memories retrieved during solution generation. Memories were categorized according to whether they were specific, categoric or extended. Studies 1 and 2 examined MEPS performance and cueing task performance in non-clinically and clinically depressed groups respectively. The results supported the general hypothesis that social problem-solving skill is a function of autobiographical memory retrieval as measured by the cueing task and by the types of memories retrieved during the MEPS. Study 1 highlighted the role of specific memories in successful problem-solving while Study 2 showed a more prominent relationship between categoric retrieval and poor problemsolving. Studies 3&4 examined the role of the central executive in memory and problem-solving by manipulating resource availability using a- dual task paradigm. Results indicated that the central executive may play a role in social problem-solving. As regards autobiographical memory retrieval, the role of the central executive appeared to be differentially involved in the cueing task and during the MEPS since a greater cognitive load was required to disrupt performance on the cueing task. Studies 3&4 also suggested gender differences in the use of autobiographical memory during problem-solving with females more reliant on a specific memory database and detailed problem-solving style. Finally Study 5 aimed to improve social problemsolving skills in a clinically depressed group by encouraging specific retrieval during the MEPS. The results showed the retrieval manipulation to be successful although this did not have any apparent effect on MEPS performance.
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Abdulsalam, Hayfaa Ali. "Self-consistency, cognitive reactions and autobiographical memory in depression." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/a89c7125-c572-4c3c-b639-5063128274e6.
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Jones, Bethan Amanda. "The relationship between autobiographical memory and Borderline Personality Disorder." Thesis, Bangor University, 1998. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-relationship-between-autobiographical-memory-and-borderline-personality-disorder(fd94974b-5cdd-434f-9943-b3a846eb21c1).html.
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Previous research has shown that people who are depressed, have recently attempted suicide or experienced childhood sexual abuse have difficulties recalling specific autobiographical events from memory. This overgeneral memory bias has been found for both negative and positive events and has been found to be a maladaptive cognitive style. The present study is an investigation of autobiographical memory retrieval in people diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder, a disorder which has para-suicidal behaviour as one of its diagnostic criterion. The BPD group (n = 23) was compared with a control group (n = 23) on i) a measure for autobiographical memory retrieval, ii) various measures of mood, iii) a dissociative experiences scale and iv) frequency of para-suicidal incidents. In line with hypotheses, results indicated that the subject group produced significantly more overgeneral autobiographical memories than the control group. This memory bias remained for positive and negative events when depression was statistically controlled. No differences were found between the two groups on autobiographical memory for neutral events when depression was statistically controlled. Analysis indicated that dissociation positively correlated with overgeneral autobiographical memory and that both depression and anxiety correlated with selfharm. A trend was also found between overgeneral autobiographical memory and self-harm, suggesting that overgeneral memory may function as a defence mechanism, protecting individuals from self-harrrýing behaviour. These results are discussed in relation to the current theories of autobiographical memory and the nature of dissociation in memory disturbance. The importance of assessing Axis I disorders and targeting of mood in clinical practice, to decrease self-harm, is highlighted. The study also highlights the heterogeneous nature of Borderline Personality Disorder. The implications for clinical practice are discussed and guidelines for further research are outlined.
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Belfi, Amy Meredith. "A neuropsychological investigation of music, emotion, and autobiographical memory." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1546.
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Music often evokes strong emotions, such as excitement, joy, and nostalgia. These emotions can be highly pleasurable and accompanied by increased physiological arousal. Pleasure-inducing music activates a network of brain regions including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), striatum, and amygdala. In Experiment 1, I explore the neural structures critical for music-evoked pleasure. I hypothesize that individuals with damage to brain regions involved in emotional responses to music (e.g., mPFC, striatum, amygdala) will show a decrease in their pleasurable responses to music after brain injury. Patients from the Iowa Neurological Patient Registry completed questionnaires that assessed current emotional responses to music and changes in emotional responses to music after brain injury. The results provided partial support for the hypothesis, and the most striking loss of musical pleasure (referred to as "music anhedonia") occurred in a patient with damage to the striatum. However, musical pleasure appears to be relatively resistant to brain damage, as music anhedonia was only observed in a few individuals with varying regions of brain damage.
Along with strong emotions, music often triggers distant memories. However, the mechanism underlying music-evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) has not yet been investigated. Here, I predict that emotion is a central aspect underlying MEAMs. In Experiment 2a, I tested the hypothesis that MEAMs are more emotional and vivid than autobiographical memories evoked by pictures of famous faces. Neurologically normal, healthy adults viewed pictures of famous faces and listened to music while electrodermal activity was recorded. After each stimulus, participants described any memories that were evoked. Supporting my prediction, I found that MEAMs were significantly more vivid than face-evoked memories. In addition, music that evoked memories was accompanied by increased skin conductance responses compared to music that did not evoke memories.
In Experiment 2b, I used a neuropsychological approach to test the prediction that neural regions underlying music-evoked emotions are also critical for MEAMs. I tested the hypothesis that individuals with damage to brain regions important for music-evoked emotions (mPFC, amygdala, and striatum) would have impaired MEAMs. Individuals with damage to these regions, brain-damaged comparison subjects (with damage to other regions) and neurologically normal comparison subjects completed the same task as in Experiment 2a. The results indicated partial support for the hypothesis, showing that individuals with mPFC, but not striatal, damage had slightly decreased MEAM vividness. Additionally, individuals with damage to the striatum and mPFC showed a disconnect between emotional ratings and physiological responsiveness.
These findings provide important implications for the use of music in therapeutic settings. Since musical reward is predominantly preserved in individuals with brain damage, music can be used to improve mood and affect in clinical populations. In addition, these findings support the use of music as a memory aid in patients with dementia, since music-evoked memories are shown to be more vivid than memories evoked by other cues. Together, these experiments provide partial support for the hypothesis that neural regions important for emotion are also critical for MEAMs, indicating that emotion may be an important aspect underlying music-evoked autobiographical memories.
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Agosta, Sara. "The autobiographical IAT: a new technique for memory detection." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421879.
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The autobiographical IAT (aIAT) is a new technique of memory detection that can be used to identify which of two autobiographical events is true. The technique is based on a classification task. Participants have to classify items in four different categories using only two motor responses. The underlying assumption is that the condition in which two associated concepts require the same motor response (congruent block) reaction times will be faster than the condition where the two associated concepts require two different motor responses (incongruent block).
The practical applications of this technique to the forensic field are straightforward. Six validation studies have been run (Chapter 2). In all the six experiments the true autobiographical event has been identified on the basis of the pattern of reaction times (RTs) in fact the congruent block show faster RTs than the incongruent block. It has also been shown that coached participants can successfully fake the aIAT, but faking can be detected on the basis of a specific pattern of reaction times (Chapter 3).
The accuracy and validity of the aIAT has been evaluated further and I showed that to enhance the validity of the instrument is necessary to be cautious in using sentences to describe autobiographical events (Chapter 4).
Finally, it has been shown that the aIAT can be applied to the identification of intentions, other than autobiographical events (Chapter 5). The application of the aIAT to the intention detection has been investigated also with Event Related Potentials (ERPs). Results showed a reduced Late Positive Component (LPC) for the incongruent block in respect to the congruent one. The LPC has been shown to be related to the cognitive control indicating here a stronger cognitive control during the incongruent than the congruent block.
In sum, the aIAT has been shown to be a reliable method that can be used to identify an autobiographical event or a future intention.Obiettivo della ricerca è stato quello di validare un nuovo strumento, l’Autobiographical Implicit Association Test (aIAT), basato su misure indirette, il cui scopo è verficare la veridicità di un evento autobiografico. L’aIAT, stabilisce l’associazione fra la descrizione verbale di un evento (e un contro-evento) e la dimensione logica vero-falso. Compito del soggetto è quello di classificare delle frasi, che vengono presentate al centro di uno schermo, il più velocemente possibile. Ai partecipanti vengono presentati in ordine casuale item relativi a quattro concetti, due concetti target (evento-contro evento) e la dimensione logica (vero-falso); il compito dei partecipanti è quello di classificare gli item mediante due tasti; le risposte possibili del soggetto sono solamente due, in modo tale che i quattro concetti vengano associati a coppie. L’assunto di base prevede che i partecipanti siano più veloci nel compito di classificazione quando i concetti associati richiedono la medesima risposta (compito congruente). Al contrario, quando i due concetti associati richiedono risposte differenti, i tempi di reazione saranno relativamente più lenti (compito incongruente). Tale procedura è stata validata mediante una serie di esperimenti (Capitolo 2) il cui scopo era discriminare: -quale fra due carte è stata scelta da un partecipante, aIAT carte. -fra due gruppi di partecipanti, coloro che hanno commesso un crimine da partecipanti che hanno letto un articolo di giornale, aIAT mock crime -fra soggetti a cui è stata ritirata la patente per guida in stato d’ebbrezza e soggetti a cui non è mai stata ritirata la patente, aIAT guida in stato d’ebbrezza. I tempi di reazione delle situazioni congruenti sono significativamente più veloci dei tempi di reazione delle situazioni incongruenti. Studi successivi (Capitolo 3) hanno dimostrato come sia possibile utilizzare delle contromisure al test, ma queste stesse contromisure possono essere facilmente rintracciabili sulla base del pattern di tempi di reazione. Un ulteriore milgioramento del test è stato effettuaato attraverso alcuni studi (Capitolo 4) che hanno dimostrato che l’utilizzo di frasi ed etichette nella forma negativa riduca l’accuratezza del test. Infine l’aIAT è stato applicato allo studio delle intenzioni (Capitolo 5) e si è dimostrato in grado di individuare non solo gli eventi autobiografici accaduti in passato, ma anche le intenzioni future. Lo studio delle intenzioni è stato effettuato anche mediante la tecnica dei potenziali evocati che ha identificato una diversa componente tardiva (late positive component, LPC) nel blocco congruente ed incongruente, in particolare si è trovata una LPC ridotta nel blocco incongruente rispetto a quello congruente. La riduzione della LPC è stato associato in letteratura al controllo cognitivo, indicando quindi la necessità di un maggiore controllo mentre il partecipante svolge il blocco incongruente.
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Kraha, Amanda. "Consistency, Consolidation, and Cognition in Autobiographical Memories: a Flashbulb Memory Approach." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271846/.
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Flashbulb memories are highly vivid and long-lasting memories for events that are emotionally significant and personally important. These memories are held in very high confidence in accuracy over an extended period. In particular, individuals believe that they can remember the personal details surrounding the event such as where they were and what they were doing at the time the event occurred. Evidence from research, however, indicates that this may not be the case. The study of flashbulb memories has typically been confined to negative events such as September 11, 2001. In the current study, we employ the methods of Talarico and Rubin (2003) to investigate flashbulb memory formation to a positive event. The event is the assassination of Osama bin Laden, which resonated as a highly positive event for many Americans evidenced by the thousands of people flooding the streets of Washington, D.C. and New York City to celebrate. We examined various memory properties over a one-year period, including vividness, rehearsal, belief in accuracy, and consistency. Results confirm the formation of flashbulb memories to the assassination event, but results did not support many of the proposed hypotheses. Some differences were found for different testing groups (i.e., immediate versus one week delay), but these were not replicated at the one year follow-up. Overall, however, it is believed that the current event, while still a flashbulb memory, was not a strong enough event to stir strong emotions and form memories on par with 9/11.
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Chavez, Sarah A. "The responsibility of memory : poems." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1365176.
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This creative thesis consists of a collection of original poetry. The poems, written in the style of the confessional, follow one speaker through the trials and joys of family, neighborhood community, work, and self. Though the poems do not follow a narrative or chronological path, they are organized by theme and subject matter. The cohesive thread that runs through the collection is the exploration of the question of both personal and societal responsibility. The speaker in the poems constantly challenges the expectations and conventions of responsibility by looking back on the events and situations that brought her to where she is in the present of the collection.Department of English
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Akande, Rachel Sarah. "Autobiographical memory and depression : an investigation of over general memory processing on recall tasks." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14250.
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Depression is a prevalent diagnosis within psychiatric populations. People with depression have been shown to recall over general autobiographical memories. The current study uses a cognitive stage model of memory to explain the retrieval processes involved in autobiographical memory. Two memory tasks were used: a standard cued recall task and a free recall cued task. Thirty individuals participated in the study: 15 clinically depressed individuals and 15 non-depressed controls. Analysis showed that the depressed group were significantly more over general than the comparison group. The free recall task provided data on the processes involved in retrieving a specific memory. The depressed group were observed to experience an aberration in this process. Further, they were less able to navigate around the autobiographical memory network. Large effect sizes were found between the groups. The implications of these findings in terms of self concept and difficulties problem solving are discussed. In addition, the consequences for assessment, diagnosis, treatment and relapse are explored. Recommendations for future research are made.
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Ritter, Emilie. "Topographical recognition memory and autobiographical memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment : a longitudinal study." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/RITTER_Emilie_2007.pdf.
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Le syndrome de amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) présente un risque élevé d’évoluer en démence de type Alzheimer (DAT), mais pourrait avoir d’autres causes, telles que la dépression. L’objectif de cette thèse était de rechercher des marqueurs de la DAT préclinique. Nous avons observé l’évolution cognitive de patients aMCI pendant deux ans afin de discriminer les déclinants des stables cognitivement. En se basant sur les substrats neuronaux, nous avons supposé que des déficits de la mémoire de reconnaissance topographique (MRT) et de la mémoire autobiographique (Mab) pourraient être des marqueurs de la DAT préclinique. Les résultats révèlent une hétérogénéité du aMCI, avec un risque aggravé de déclin cognitif en présence de dépression. La MRT est altérée chez le aMCI mais n’est pas sensible à la dépression. Par contre, des déficits de la MRT et de la Mab ne sont pas spécifiques d’un futur déclin cognitifAmnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is a high risk of developing dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT), but may have other causes such as depression. This study aimed to detect specific markers of preclinical dementia. A two-year longitudinal study was performed to examine cognitive evolution of aMCI patients in order to discriminate declining aMCI (daMCI) from non-daMCI patients. Based on their neural substrates, we theorized that deficits in topographical recognition memory (TRM) and autobiographical memory (AbM) could be neuropsychological markers of incipient DAT. Results showed that AMCI was an heterogeneous syndrome leading to daMCI in a limited proportion whereas additional depression strongly increased the risk of becoming daMCI. TRM was impaired in aMCI but not sensitive to depression. Nevertheless, longitudinal results did not indicate any deficits in TRM and AbM. These preliminary results may be useful for very large scale studies targeting neuropsychological markers of AD
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Ritter, Emilie Manning Lilianne Monsch Andreas. "Topographical recognition memory and autobiographical memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment a longitudinal study /." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/791/01/RITTER2007.pdf.
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Thèse de doctorat : Neuropsychologie : Strasbourg 1 : 2007. Thèse de doctorat : Neuropsychologie : Bâle - Suisse : 2007.Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. f. 83-106.
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Matheson, Mark Philip. "Inducing false memories." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266976.
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Henderson, Dawn. "Emotion and memory in women with and without a history of childhood sexual abuse." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318566.
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Walker, Wendy Ann. "Autobiographical memory as an index of identity in chronic pain." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434173.
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Pinder, Kirsty, and n/a. "Shared factors in autobiographical memory and theory of mind development." University of Otago. Department of Psychology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070131.145223.
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When humans use the mental states (e.g., beliefs, intentions) and the emotional states of others to predict or explain another person�s behaviour, they have demonstrated their theory of mind understanding. Theory of mind is "one of the quintessential abilities that makes us human" (Baron-Cohen, 2000, p. 3). Emotion understanding has been considered by some to be an aspect of theory of mind understanding. There are several theories proposed to explain the development of theory of mind, from changes in representational abilities (Perner, 1991), to having an innate domain specific module (Fodor, 1992; Leslie, 1994), to social linguistic influences (Nelson et al., 2003). One facet of theory of mind understanding, understanding false belief, has been consistently found to develop at around 3 or 4 years of age (e.g., Wimmer & Perner, 1983). Another cognitive ability that develops at the approximately the same time is that of autobiographical memory. Autobiographical memory has been defined as "memory for information and events pertaining to the self" (Howe & Courage, 1993, p. 306). There are also several theories explaining the onset of autobiographical memory. Two similar theories by Perner (1991) and Welch-Ross (1995) proposed that until a child possesses dual representational abilities (or theory of mind), they cannot form autobiographical memories. Nelson (1993) and Fivush (2001) have both proposed that autobiographical memory is developed through shared narratives with more experienced others (e.g., parents). There are several factors that have been found to contribute to theory of mind, emotion understanding, and autobiographical memory. Language abilities have been related to all three cognitive abilities (e.g., Slade & Ruffman, 2005; Dunn & Cutting, 1999; Harley & Reese, 1999). Factors such as maternal talk, gender of the child, and the number of siblings the child has, have all been related to at least two of these abilities. In the current study, I addressed the relation between theory of mind understanding, emotion understanding, and autobiographical memory in three studies. The first study investigated the relations between language, theory of mind, emotion understanding, and mother-child talk about past events in 61 children at three 6- month intervals from 42- to 54- months of age. The second study also investigated these factors and the children�s pretense in 59 children at 48- months of age. In the second study, the mother�s theory of mind and emotion understanding were also measured. In the third study, I investigated the relations between theory of mind, emotion understanding and early memory recall in 73 adults, with an average age of 20 years. One key finding was that, despite theoretical predictions, there was no clear relation between theory of mind understanding and autobiographical memory in either children or adults. Results showed that theory of mind and emotion understanding are related but distinct abilities. The number of siblings, or the gender of the participants were not strongly related to theory of mind, autobiographical memory, or emotion understanding. Language abilities and maternal talk were the strongest factors related to the development of theory of mind, autobiographical memory and emotion understanding.