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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'AUTOANTIGENS OF HUMANS'

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Published: 11 September 2023

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1

KOTHARI, VANSHIKA. "IN SILICO PREDICTION OF EPITOPES OF COMMENSAL VIRUS THAT CROSS-REACT WITH HUMAN AUTOANTIGENS." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18394.

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The prevalence and epidemiology of autoimmune diseases in developed, as well as in developing countries have increased over the past decade. The human body consists of trillions of microorganisms and the composition is unique to each individual. It consists of commensal as well as pathogenic viruses. The interactions between host-microbiota helps to regulate immune system. However, there are many factors that can alter the interactions which ultimately leads to dysbiosis. Dysbiosis can lead to development of autoimmune diseases along with other complex diseases. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. Commensal viruses is a new concept because there can be some viruses which may not be detrimental to human body. However, sometimes autoimmune reactions are generated as a result of cross-reactivity of epitopes of virus with autoantigens of humans. This study aims, to find various commensal viruses found in human body, to predict potential epitopes in viruses, sequence homology with autoantigens of humans and to check binding energy of viral epitopes with MHC class I and T-cell receptor. This will help us to develop new preventive and therapeutic strategies.

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2

Iwobi, Mabel Uzoamaka. "Salivary autoantigens in human rheumatic diseases." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260048.

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3

Zhu, Jianhui. "Induction of the cellular expression of human Ro autoantigens." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39900.

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Ro autoantigens are intracellular ribonucleoproteins of unknown function. Autoantibodies to these antigens are detected frequently in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and involved in the pathogenesis of lupus skin lesions. Although the mechanisms responsible for the induction of these autoantibodies and immunologic tissue damage are unclear, one possibility is that Ro autoantigens are expressed on the cell surface and induce an immune response. Cell surface expression of Ro antigens has been reported previously following ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation or estrogen stimulation of human keratinocytes. In this thesis, the effect of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on the surface expression of Ro antigens and calreticulin on human fibroblasts and keratinocytes was investigated using a fixed cell enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, flow cytometry (FACS) analysis and immunoblotting. CMV infection of cultured human fibroblast cells was found to increase the cell surface expression of calreticulin, but not 60kD/Ro antigen. However, CMV infection, in combination with UVB irradiation, synergistically induced the expression of 52kD/Ro antigen, but not 60kD/Ro or calreticulin, on the surface of these cells. This enhanced expression of 52kD/Ro autoantigen on CMV and UVB treated cells was significant and specific, compared with untreated cells, cells infected with CMV or irradiated with UVB only, and cells subjected to other treatments including low pH. These studies were then extended to human keratinocytes, which are relevant to the skin disease associated with the presence of anti-Ro antibodies in SLE. Human CMV was demonstrated to be capable of infecting keratinocytes in vitro and induced the surface expression of 60kD/Ro antigen, but not 52kD/Ro and calreticulin, on human keratinocytes. As there was no increase in total cellular expression of 60kD/Ro antigen after viral infection, 60kD/Ro antigen appears to be redistributed from the

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4

Whitehead, Clark Merrill. "The identification and characterization of two human autoantigens, HsEg5 and ASE-1." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0027/NQ49554.pdf.

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5

Schirmer, Jan Henrik [Verfasser], and Friedrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Haag. "Charakterisierung putativer humaner Autoantigene / Jan Henrik Schirmer. Betreuer: Friedrich Haag." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025150910/34.

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6

Purdy, Lisa Eileen. "Establishing a framework for mapping DQ8 restricted T cell epitopes for human diabetes autoantigens." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq22657.pdf.

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7

Barbar, Élie. "Caractérisation de RoBP1, nouveau partenaire cellulaire des ribonucléprotéines Ro humaines et autoantigène potentiel dans des maladies autoimmune." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.

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8

Yaciuk, Jane Cherie. "Mechanisms of T cell tolerance to the RNA-binding nuclear autoantigen human La/SS-B." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2008.

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9

Hasler, Daniele [Verfasser], and Gunter [Akademischer Betreuer] Meister. "The Role of the Lupus Autoantigen La in the Human MicroRNA Pathway / Daniele Hasler ; Betreuer: Gunter Meister." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1180719557/34.

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10

Koelsch, Kristi Ann. "Insights into the regulation of human B cell tolerance by analysis of the immunoglobulin repertroire." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2009.

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11

Haley, Joanna Dawn. "An investigation of the binding of human monoclonal antibodies to autoantigens by the modification and expression of cloned autoantibody cDNA." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407228.

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12

Munro, Sandra Bronwen. "Characterization of a composite cDNA clone encoding mouse testicular N-Cadherin and the mouse homologue of a human breast tumor autoantigen." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69645.

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A mouse testis cDNA library was screened with an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to a sequence in the 5$ sp prime$ region of mouse N-cadherin cDNA. A composite clone containing three individual cDNAs was isolated. These included a 711 bp cDNA encoding part of mouse testicular N-cadherin, an unidentified 392 bp cDNA, and a 1500 bp cDNA encoding the mouse homologue of a human breast tumor autoantigen.
The cadherins, the influenza strain A hemagglutinins, and the fibroblast growth factor receptors are three different families of integral membrane glycoproteins that harbour the amino acid motif histidine-alanine-valine (HAV) in regions involved in protein-protein interactions. In order to identify other proteins that possess the HAV motif in functionally important regions, the SwissProt database was searched using a consensus sequence derived from the cadherins, influenza strain A hemagglutinins, and fibroblast growth factor receptors. This search identified the $ alpha$ chains of the HLA class I histocompatibility antigens as a fourth family of integral membrane glycoproteins with an HAV-containing region that is involved in a protein-protein interaction. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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13

Barbar, Élie. "Caractérisation de RoBP1, nouveau partenaire cellulaire des ribonucléoprotéines Ro humaines et autoantigène potentiel dans des maladies autoimmunes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0021/MQ61703.pdf.

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14

Barbar, Élie. "Caractérisation de RoBP1, nouveau partenaire cellulaire des ribonucléprotéines Ro humaines et autoantigène potentiel dans des maladies autoimmune." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2000. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3204.

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Les maladies du tissu conjonctif sont des maladies autoimmunes dont l'étiologie demeure inconnue. Les symptômes sont variés (arthrite, inflammation, destruction de tissus, etc.) et souvent la durée de vie des patients atteints est diminuée. Les recherches actuelles portent sur les autoantigènes et les autoanticorps caractéristiques de ces maladies, notamment en ce qui touche à la polyarthrite rhumatoïde, le lupus érythémateux disséminé et le syndrome de Sjögren. Ces autoanticorps sont dirigés contre diverses composantes du soi, soit certaines protéines cyptoplasmiques, protéines nucléaires et les acides nucléiques. Les ribonucléoprotéines Ro sont des complexes formés par un des ARN hY en association avec des protéines appelées Ro60 et La. Ces protéines sont des cibles courantes d'autoanticorps et aident même dans le diagnostic de certaines maladies autoimmunes. Dans nos laboratoires, quelques clones soupçonnés de correspondre à l'autoantigène Sa avaient été isolés par criblage d'une librairie d'expression à l'aide de sérums de patients atteints de polyarthrite rhumatoïde. Un de ces clones (Clone3) correspondait à la macrohistone mH2A, une nouvelle forme d'histone. Nous avons séquencé ce clone et effectué un immunocriblage afin de déterminer son immunogénicité."--Résumé abrégé par UMI.

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15

Leung, Man Ching. "Identification of human hair follicle antigens targeted in the presumptive autoimmune hair follicle disorder Alopecia Areata and their potential functional relevance In Vitro. Methods development for isolation and identification of Alopecia Areata-relevant human hair follicle antigens using a proteomics approach and their functional assessment using an Ex Vivo hair follicle organ culture model." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4330.

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Alopecia areata (AA) is a putative autoimmune hair loss disorder. It mainly affects the scalp hair but can also involve body hair, and can also affect the nail and the eye. While there are may be several lines of evidence to support the autoimmune basis of AA, there is still very little information on the hair follicle autoantigen(s) involved in its pathogenesis. In this project, serum antibodies (AA=10, control=10) were used to immunoprecipitate AA-relevant target antigens from normal human scalp hair follicle extracts. These immunoprecipitates were analysed by LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry for target protein identification. This part of the project involved substantial methods development. Trichohyalin was immunoprecipitated by all AA sera, but by only 5 normal sera. Importantly, the mean Mascot scores of the AA group was significantly higher than the normal group (p=0.005). Keratin 16 was also identified from immunoprecipitates as another potential AA-relevant target antigen. Functional studies by ex vivo whole hair follicle organ culture using commercial antibodies to trichohyalin and keratin 16 significantly inhibited hair fibre elongation compared to controls. Indirect immunofluorescence studies revealed that AA sera contained higher immunoreactivity against normal human scalp anagen hair follicles compared to normal sera. Immunoreactivities were mainly in the outer root sheath and inner root sheath, and less so to the medulla and hair bulb matrix. Double immunofluorescence studies of AA and normal serum with anti-trichohyalin antibody (AE15) revealed co-localisation of 9 of the AA sera antibodies with trichohyalin in the inner root sheath (mostly in Henle's, less in Huxley's/inner root sheath cuticle), but only weakly in 3 normal sera. This study supports the involvement of an antibody response to anagen-specific hair follicles antigens in AA. Moreover, there may be some evidence that these antibodies may have a pathogenic role.

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16

Mustafa, Mohammad Zahid. "Autoantibody signatures defined by serological proteome analysis in sera of patients with cholangiocarcinoma." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058149.

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Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is a rare but fatal primary liver cancer and accounts for an estimated 15% of primary liver cancer worldwide. It is associated with high mortality due to the lack of established diagnostic approaches. Autoantibodies can be used clinically as diagnostic markers for early cancer detection of cholangiocarcinoma. Studies, indicating the presence of auto-antibodies (AAbs) in CC have not been reported yet. No immunological biomarker, correlated to the disease, has been identified. The objective of our study was to identify cellular proteins from liver tissues (tumoral and non tumoral) and cholangiocarcinoma cell lines which could be recognized by antibody of CC patients. We used serological proteome analysis (SERPA) technique which leads us to suggest some molecules as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of CC. Proteins from different origins were 2DE separated: CCSW1 and CCLP1 tumor cell lines, five different samples of hepatectomies for CC with respect to their tumoral and non-tumoral counterparts and a normal liver from amyloid neuropathy. Sera from 13 CC patients and a pool of 10 healthy subjects were probed on immunoblot performed with these different separations. Comparison of immunoblotting patterns given by patient's sera compared to patterns given by controls allowed to define immunoreactive spots of interest and those reacting with more than one-third of sera were identified by orbitrap type mass spectrometry. In this way we identified 10, 11, 9, 14 and 16 proteins from CCSW1, CCLP1, tumor part, non-tumor counterpart and normal liver antigenic extracts respectively. Different patterns of reactivity were observed according to sera on the same antigenic extract, and for a same serum, according to the antigenic extract, even though few common patterns were also observed. This widespread of reactivity is not unusual and reported earlier in several studies of this sort. It is indicated that a single AAb have an ability to identify only a small proportion of patient. For this reason, several antibodies in combination must be used to ensure sensitivity and specificity of assays used in the daily clinic.Identified proteins were then categorized by gene ontology analysis by which they fall into three main groups; biological process and molecular functions, protein class and molecular pathway and cellular component, according to the Panther classification. By Gene Ontology classification, two different patterns of targeted antigens were observed. The vast majority of targeted-proteins with catalytic activity were found in normal liver or non-tumor specimens. The second pattern was mainly represented by targeted proteins categorized as structural proteins extracted from CC cell lines and tumor tissues. Proteins identified with catalytic activity were: alpha-enolase, fructose biphosphate aldolase B and glyceraldedyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; which were reactive with more than 50% of CC sera. Proteins identified with structural activity, and detected with high rates by using cell lines and tumor tissues, were: vimentin, prelamine A/C, annexin A2 and actin; reactivity of each protein was higher than 62% with CC sera. Serotranferrin, identified under the category of transfer/carrier proteins, recognized by 100% of CC sera by using tumor tissues.High sensitivity and specificity is a prime requisite of AAbs that might be used as CC biomarkers for CC diagnosis. Most of the AAbs detected in this study had previously been reported in other cancers and auto-immune disorders. Hence it is essential to prove the specificity of antigenic proteins, a combination of various antigens therefore needs to be tested to enable the development of new biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CC.In conclusion, the proposed potential biomarkers need to be tested in a variety of different combinations with a panel of significant number of patients and using the most appropriate substrate defined during this study.

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17

Gamradt, Stefanie [Verfasser], Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Scheffold, Roland [Gutachter] Lauster, and Alexander [Gutachter] Scheffold. "Ex vivo Charakterisierung von humanen Autoantigen-spezifischen CD4+ T-Zellen mit Fokus auf Multiple Sklerose / Stefanie Gamradt ; Gutachter: Roland Lauster, Alexander Scheffold ; Betreuer: Alexander Scheffold." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1156010365/34.

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18

Gavanescu, Irina Catrinel. "Autoantibodies to Centrosomes are Diagnostic for Human Scleroderma and Can Be Induced by Experimental Mycoplasma Infection in Mice: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2002. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/76.

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The overall objective of this thesis work was to develop new insights into the etiology of scleroderma, a human systemic autoimmune disease, by analyzing the autoantibodies to centrosome antigens that develop during the disease. Centrosomes are perinuclear organelles that form microtubule arrays, including mitotic spindles that ensure the faithful segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. These studies used a novel methodology to determine the prevalence of anti-centrosome autoantibodies in patients with scleroderma. Recombinant centrosome antigens were used to determine the antigenic specificity of anti-centrosome antibody subsets by immunoblotting. Centrosome marker antibodies were used in indirect immunofluorescence assays to distinguish centrosomes within the polymorphic staining pattern frequently given by scleroderma sera. We found that 43% of patients are autoreactive to centrosomes, a prevalence higher than has been reported for any other scleroderma autoantigen. Half of the centrosome-positive patients also had autoantibodies against other antigens used in scleroderma diagnosis. However, in the remaining half of these patients, anti-centrosome antibodies represented the sole class of autoantibodies that was detectable. Anti-centrosome antibodies were detected in only a small percentage of normal individuals and patients with other connective tissue diseases. These data suggest that anti-centrosome autoantibodies may represent a new diagnostic tool in scleroderma. Upon examination of anti-centrosome autoantibody development in an animal model, it appeared that this autoantibody specificity may develop in mice as a consequence of an infection. An infectious agent was isolated by plaque-formation from carrier mice. Further characterization of the infectious agent was undertaken to obtain information on its physical, morphological and cytopathological properties. The infectious agent was identified by sequence and unique antigenic properties to be homologous to the pig pathogen Mycoplasma hyorhinis. When reintroduced into naive mice, the murine mycoplasma triggered anti-centrosome autoantibody development. While anti-centrosome autoantibodies of IgM isotype are part of the repertoire of naive unimmunized mice, mycoplasma infection specifically triggered the development of anti-centrosome IgG. Moreover, centrosome autoreactivity was prevented by antibiotic treatment. The autoantibody response evolved to recruit additional specificities, having IgM isotypes, reactive to endoplasmic reticulum-associated autoantigens.

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19

Hostmann, Björn [Verfasser]. "Etablierung der Realtime-PCR zur Charakterisierung der Effekte von TNF-a auf die mRNA-Expression des mit kutanen Lupus-Manifestationen assoziierten Autoantigens Ro/SSA52 in humanen Keratinozyten / Björn Hostmann." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1023783371/34.

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20

Dong, Qinghan. "Caractérisation des déterminants antigéniques de la thyroglobuline humaine--Clonage et séquençage d'un autoantigène de 64kd reconnu par sera de patients atteints de maladies autoimmunitaires thyroïdiennes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213003.

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21

Leung, Man Ching, Chris W. Sutton, D. A. Fenton, and Desmond J. Tobin. "Trichohyalin is a potential major autoantigen in human alopecia areata." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6066.

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Several lines of evidence support an autoimmune basis for alopecia areata (AA), a common putative autoimmune hair loss disorder. However, definitive support is lacking largely because the identity of hair follicle (HF) autoantigen(s) involved in its pathogenesis remains unknown. Here, we isolated AA-reactive HF-specific antigens from normal human scalp anagen HF extracts by immunoprecipitation using serum antibodies from 10 AA patients. Samples were analyzed by LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, which indicated strong reactivity to the hair growth phase-specific structural protein trichohyalin in all AA sera. Keratin 16 (K16) was also identified as another potential AA-relevant target HF antigen. Double immunofluorescence studies using AA (and control sera) together with a monoclonal antibody to trichohyalin revealed that AA sera contained immunoreactivity that colocalized with trichohyalin in the growth phase-specific inner root sheath of HF. Furthermore, a partial colocalization of AA serum reactivity with anti-K16 antibody was observed in the outer root sheath of the HF. In summary, this study supports the involvement of an immune response to anagen-specific HFs antigens in AA and specifically suggests that an immune response to trichohyalin and K16 may have a role in the pathogenesis of the enigmatic disorder.

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22

LI, LI-LAN, and 李麗蘭. "Characterization of the 86KD nuclear protein:a subunit of human ku autoantigen." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87496577787355425855.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
微生物暨免疫學研究所
79
DNA 結合蛋白Ku(p70/p86) 最早由人類自體免疫血清鑑定出來。本論文為尋找與細胞增生相關的核蛋白, 以靜止期及增生期的T 細胞萃胞萃取液為抗原, 篩選能識別在增生期表現增加之分子的單株抗體, 由此獲得抗Ku86的單株抗體。進一步實驗證實, 在制備靜止期之T 細胞萃取液時, Ku86被吞噬細胞之蛋白酵素分解, 致使抗Ku86的單株抗體呈偽陰性而被挑選出來。在細胞周期中,Ku86 的表現量不變, 然而其在核內的分布卻隨細胞周期呈動態變化。免疫螢光染色顯示, 在interphase時,Ku86 與deconden -sed DNA分布在相同位置, 而M-phase 時,Ku86 與chromosomal DNA 完全分開。進一步利用nocodazole及thymidine/aphidicolin 將HeLa細胞分別同步在M phase 及G /S boundary,再培養在一般培養液中至不等時間, 做免疫螢光染色, 顯示在G /S bound -ary時,Ku86 在核仁的分布很少, 而通過G /S后, 此抗原在核仁內逐漸增加, 至S ph -ase后期或G 期, 達到最高量。Ku86會隨細胞周期之運轉, 從核質移至核仁的現象, 十分有趣, 值得進一步探討。

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23

Knuth, Mark Warren. "Ku, a human lupus autoantigen protein, is a transcriptional activator in vitro." 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/27465912.html.

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24

林亭佑. "Association between canine and human systemic lupus erythematosus and recombinant protein expression of the autoantigen hnRNP G." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29003411494066338776.

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碩士
國立中興大學
獸醫微生物學研究所
91
The goals of this study are to investigate the association between human and canine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to express the recombinant protein of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G (hnRNP G) that is specifically recognized by sera of SLE dogs. A total of 1503 canine sera were collected, including 66 pet dogs owned by SLE patients (the experimental E group), 402 pet dogs owned by general households (the control A group), and 1035 outpatient dogs registered in the animal hospital (the control B group). The presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) was determined by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and the nuclear antigens recognized by ANA were characterized by Western blot analysis. Based on the canine SLE diagnostic criteria, which were revised from the diagnostic criteria of human SLE by Chabanne in 1999, we compared the frequency of SLE in these pet dogs. Among the sera of group E, 11 were positive for ANA (16.67%), while 20 of group A (4.98%) and 39 of group B (3.77%) were ANA positive. The frequency of ANA detected among pet dogs owned by SLE patients was significantly higher than that among the two control groups (p < 0.001). Of 66 pet dogs in group E, 3 were diagnosed as canine SLE. The frequency of canine SLE in group E (4.54%) was significantly higher than that of group B (0.58% or 6/1035)（p = 0.013, odds ratio [OR]=∞）and that of group A (0% or 0/402)（p = 0.003, OR=14.4）. A correlation between human and canine SLE is first established in this study. These results suggest that human and canine lupus may share a common environmental or transmissible factor. To express hnRNP G recombinant proteins, we first cloned respectively the cDNA encoding hnRNP G and the major immunodominant region of hnRNP G (hnRNP Gi). Prokaryotic expression vectors for hnRNP G and hnRNP Gi were constructed and designated as pEThnRNPG and pEThnRNPGi, respectively. Both expression vectors were introduced into Escherichia coli, and the expression of recombinant protein was determined by Western blot. Bacteria carrying pEThnRNPGi expressed a recombinant protein of 33 kDa, which is the expected molecular weight of the hnRNP Gi fusion protein.

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25

Holdener, Martin [Verfasser]. "Breaking tolerance to the natural human liver autoantigen cytochrome P450 2D6 by virus infection / von Martin Holdener." 2008. http://d-nb.info/996171312/34.

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26

Zhang, Yi-Xin, and 張懿欣. "Characterization of Human DNA Topoisomerase Ⅱ as an Autoantigen Recognized by Sera of Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73259187237867955823.

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