Journal articles: 'Autistic spectrum disorder (AS)'

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Millichap, J. Gordon. "Autistic Spectrum Disorder." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 2, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-2-10-12.

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Bailly, Lionel. "Autistic Spectrum Disorder?" Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 41, no. 12 (December 2002): 1393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200212000-00006.

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Szatmari, Peter, Chantal Mérette, Susan E. Bryson, Jacques Thivierge, Marc-Andre Roy, Mireille Cayer, and Michel Maziade. "Autistic Spectrum Disorder?" Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 41, no. 12 (December 2002): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200212000-00007.

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Keen, Daphne, and Stephanie Ward. "Autistic Spectrum Disorder." Autism 8, no. 1 (March 2004): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361304040637.

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Gralton, Ernest, and Julie Crocombe. "Psychopathic disorder and autistic spectrum disorders." Psychiatric Bulletin 23, no. 11 (November 1999): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.23.11.692.

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Winkley, Linda. "Psychopathic disorder and autistic spectrum disorders." Psychiatric Bulletin 24, no. 4 (April 2000): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.24.4.155.

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Zaky, E. "Face processing in autism spectrum disorder." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.496.

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BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by impaired social and communicative abilities as well as restricted, repetitive, stereotyped pattern of behaviors, interests, and activities. Significant difficulties in social interactions in autistics are manifested by impairment in eye-to-eye contact, social reciprocity, and response to emotional cues.ObjectiveHighlighting the neurological basis of normal face processing and its abnormalities in ASD with percussions on the management plan of autistic children.SummaryHuman face processing that was proved to be compromised in autistic individuals is pivotal for proper social interactions. Such simple spontaneous perceptual task in normal children is carried out by face processing areas of the brain; fusiform gyrus, superior temporal sulcus, and amygdala. Behavioral, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging studies showed evidences of dysfunction of such areas in autistics who often focus on face periphery and cannot interpret that it tells something about a person's state of mind. Very early targeted intervention can stimulate face processing areas of the brain during the early developmental phases of social brain circuitry which in turn will help autistics to pay attention to faces and learn to understand emotional expressions.ConclusionEventually, prevention or at least significant amelioration of severity and symptomatology spectrum of autism might be possible.Disclosure of interestThe author have not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

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Wang, Kai, Mingyu Xu, Yiting Ji, Lingli Zhang, Xiujuan Du, Jijun Li, Qiang Luo, and Fei Li. "Altered social cognition and connectivity of default mode networks in the co-occurrence of autistic spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 53, no. 8 (March 7, 2019): 760–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867419836031.

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Objective: As two common neurodevelopmental disorders, autistic spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder frequently occur together. Until now, only a few studies have investigated the co-occurrence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder, this is due to restrictions associated with previous Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Most previous research has focused on the developmental trajectories for autistic spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder separately, while the neural mechanisms underpinning the co-occurrence of autistic spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder remain largely unknown. Methods: We studied 162 autistic spectrum disorder individuals (including 79 co-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 83 non-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients) and 177 typical developing individuals using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange II, an aggregated magnetic resonance imaging dataset from 19 centers. Independent component analysis was used to extract sub-networks from the classic resting-state networks. Functional connectivity values within (intra-iFC) and between (inter-iFC) these networks were then determined. Subsequently, we compared the ASD_coADHD group with the ASD_nonADHD group in relation to the abnormal intra-iFC and inter-iFC of autistic spectrum disorder group relative to the typical developing group. Results: The ASD_coADHD group showed more severe social impairment and decreased intra-iFC in the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex of the default mode network (independent component 17) and increased inter-iFC between the default mode network (independent component 8) and the somatomotor networks (independent component 2) compared to the ASD_nonADHD group. In addition, the strength of the intra-iFC in the default mode network was associated with the severity of autistic traits across the entire autistic spectrum disorder group and particularly the ASD_coADHD group. Conclusion: Our results showed that dysfunction of the default mode network is a central feature in the co-occurrence of autistic spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, including connectivity within the default mode network as well as between the default mode network and the somatomotor networks, thus supporting the existence of a clinically combined phenotype (autistic spectrum disorder + attention deficit hyperactivity disorder).

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Neo, Wee Xuan, and Gerard Thomas Flaherty. "Autism Spectrum Disorder and International Travel." International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health 7, no. 1 (November 24, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.01.

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The literature on international travellers with psychiatric disorders is limited. This perspective article highlights various travel-related aspects of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including its aetiological association with maternal migration, the difficulties faced by longterm travelers with autistic children, and the facilitation of international travel for autistic individuals by the travel industry. Depending on the severity of their condition, autistic individuals may find specific aspects of the travel experience particularly distressing. Travel medicine practitioners should be aware of the unique needs of autistic travelers when providing pre-travel health counseling. There is also an onus on the travel industry to facilitate safe and enjoyable travel and remove barriers faced by autistic travellers.

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Shields, Jane. "Book Review: Autistic spectrum disorder." Child Language Teaching and Therapy 15, no. 2 (June 1999): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026565909901500217.

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Jones, G. S. "Autistic spectrum disorder: diagnostic difficulties." Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) 63, no. 1-2 (July 2000): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/plef.2000.0188.

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Boucher, Jill, Andrew Mayes, and Sally Bigham. "Memory in autistic spectrum disorder." Psychological Bulletin 138, no. 3 (2012): 458–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026869.

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Pickard, Catriona, Ben Pickard, and Clive Bonsall. "Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Prehistory." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 21, no. 3 (September 20, 2011): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774311000412.

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Individuals with ‘extraordinary’ or ‘different’ minds have been suggested to be central to invention and the spread of new ideas in prehistory, shaping modern human behaviour and conferring an evolutionary advantage at population level. In this article the potential for neuropsychiatric conditions such as autistic spectrum disorders to provide this difference is explored, and the ability of the archaeological record to provide evidence of human behaviour is discussed. Specific reference is made to recent advances in the genetics of these conditions, which suggest that neuropsychiatric disorders represent a non-advantageous, pathological extreme of the human mind and are likely a by-product rather than a cause of human cognitive evolution.

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Rodrigues, Vânia, Sofia Nascimento, and Luis Maia. "AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDER: SAVANT SYNDROME." Psicologia, Saúde & Doença 21, no. 02 (June 2020): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15309/20psd210213.

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Perkins, Marian. "Psychopharmacology in Autistic Spectrum Disorder." DECP Debate 1, no. 144 (September 2012): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsdeb.2012.1.144.7.

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Dr Marian Perkins is a Consultant Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatrist heading a specialist service for children and families where autism is a concern. She is also a Honorary Senior’ Lecturer (Oxford University).

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Yaakub, Zuraini Binti, and Zuliza Binti Mohd Kusrin. "Common Symptoms of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Adolescent ] Sintom Lazim Remaja Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD)." Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat Kontemporari 12 (January 1, 2016): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2016.12.0.145.

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Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a mental disorders development that resulted towards its sufferers’ syntoms differences from other normal adolacents. The increasement numbers of ASD in Malaysia has resulting to the need to identify the ordinary syntoms of the ASD in order to educate society with the existence of this special groups that needs due attention. The objective of this article is to analyse on the common syntoms of the ASD’s adolescent that is claimed to be different from the normal adolescents. The research methodology used is content analysis that refers to books, journals and previous researches related to the common syntoms of the autism’s adolescents. The data gathered was analysed descriptively. The analysis done discovered that there are four types of development of syndrome of disorder that causes a person to be considered as ASD adolescents such as Sindrom of Asperger, Sindrom of Rett, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD) dan Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD). The previous research had proven that that syndrome has created common syntoms that is considered as synonym with the autism. They are incapability to have an interpersonal and social interaction, delays in speaking and suffering from impulsive phenomenon such as repeatation of sterotype activities and difficulties in adapting any changes. This has shown that there are several consistent bases that can be considered as a set of signs to diagnose the ASD’s disorders. Keywords: common behavior, Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD), syndrom, social relation and communication.

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Hansson, Sara Lina, Annika Svanströmröjvall, Maria Rastam, Carina Gillberg, Christopher Gillberg, and Henrik Anckarsäter. "Psychiatric telephone interview with parents for screening of childhood autism – tics, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and other comorbidities (A-TAC)." British Journal of Psychiatry 187, no. 3 (September 2005): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.187.3.262.

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BackgroundReliable, valid and easily administered screening instruments would greatly facilitate large-scale neuropsychiatric research.AimsTo test a parent telephone interview focused on autism-tics, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other comorbidities (A-TAC).MethodParents of 84 children in contact with a child neuropsychiatric clinic and 27 control children were interviewed. Validity and interrater and test–retest reliability were assessed.ResultsInterrater and test–retest reliability were very good. Areas under receiver operating characteristics curves between interview scores and clinical diagnoses were around 0. 90 for ADHD and autistic spectrum disorders, and above 0. 70 for tics, learning disorders and developmental coordination disorder. Using optimal cut-off scores for autistic spectrum disorder and ADHD, good to excellent kappa levels for interviews and clinical diagnoses were noted.ConclusionsThe A–TAC appears to be a reliable and valid instrument for identifying autistic spectrum disorder, ADHD, tics, learning disorders and developmental coordination disorder.

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Pavăl, Denis. "A Dopamine Hypothesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder." Developmental Neuroscience 39, no. 5 (2017): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000478725.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social deficits and stereotyped behaviors. While several theories have emerged, the pathogenesis of ASD remains unknown. Although studies report dopamine signaling abnormalities in autistic patients, a coherent dopamine hypothesis which could link neurobiology to behavior in ASD is currently lacking. In this paper, we present such a hypothesis by proposing that autistic behavior arises from dysfunctions in the midbrain dopaminergic system. We hypothesize that a dysfunction of the mesocorticolimbic circuit leads to social deficits, while a dysfunction of the nigrostriatal circuit leads to stereotyped behaviors. Furthermore, we discuss 2 key predictions of our hypothesis, with emphasis on clinical and therapeutic aspects. First, we argue that dopaminergic dysfunctions in the same circuits should associate with autistic-like behavior in nonautistic subjects. Concerning this, we discuss the case of PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections) which displays behaviors similar to those of ASD, presumed to arise from dopaminergic dysfunctions. Second, we argue that providing dopamine modulators to autistic subjects should lead to a behavioral improvement. Regarding this, we present clinical studies of dopamine antagonists which seem to have improving effects on autistic behavior. Furthermore, we explore the means of testing our hypothesis by using neuroreceptor imaging, which could provide comprehensive evidence for dopamine signaling dysfunctions in autistic subjects. Lastly, we discuss the limitations of our hypothesis. Along these lines, we aim to provide a dopaminergic model of ASD which might lead to a better understanding of the ASD pathogenesis.

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Khan, Md Arif Uddin. "The Role of the Family in Socializing the Autistic Children: A Study in Bangladesh." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 55 (July 2015): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.55.70.

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Autism Spectrum Disorders are increasingly known in developing countries like Bangladesh. The children with autism exhibit significant deficits in social communication, including delayed language development and imitation skills. This disorder is different from other disorders and its characteristics and functions are also different. Families having children with autism spectrum disorder play important role in their socialization and face many challenges as the disorder is associated with disruptive antisocial behavior. The main objective of this research is to know the role of family in socializing autistic children. This research was conducted though survey method by using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data of this study was collected from 78 parents having children with autism spectrum disorder. In our country autism newly introduced and research on autism especially role of the family of the autistic children in socialization are very few. So, this study discusses the role of family in socializing autistic children.

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Pérez, Cristina Maria Belmonte, Isabel Albaladejo Martinez, Nerea Liza Clares, and Jose María Rabal Alonso. "Approach to the autistic spectrum disorder." South Florida Journal of Development 2, no. 2 (May 17, 2021): 1791–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv2n2-052.

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The objective of the work that we are going to present below is to choose a type of disability, in our case the Autism Spectrum Disorder, on which we will work with the intention of developing an educational project in which the students are given a response, having take into account the individual characteristics of each of them, as well as the context in which they are found. We decided to choose this disability because the four members of the group have treaty, at some point in our life, with people who have Autism Spectrum Disorder, whether they are children or adults. Therefore, it seemed a good idea to work on a topic that we have had the opportunity toapproachpersonally one way or another. However, this does not mean that, by having had the opportunity to meet and interact with people with this syndrome, we have known how to act with and towards them. It is for this reason that we would like to be able to know their characteristics and the needs they need to be able to successfully achieve in our future what we do notwe knew how to doin the past, that is, to contribute to a good development of the student body and to cooperate to achieve their integration into society.

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Millichap, J. Gordon. "Mobius Syndrome and Autistic Spectrum Disorder." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 15, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-15-6-10.

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Kelly, Greg. "Sensory Integration and Autistic Spectrum Disorder." Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2, SpecialIssue (January 1, 2021): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.specialissue.1575.1.

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The theory and practice of sensory integration were developed in the late 1960s by an occupational therapist and psychologist, Dr. A. Jean Ayres [1]. Also, known as sensory processing, it is “the neurological process that organizes sensation from one’s own body and from the environment and makes it possible to use the body effectively within the environment” [1].

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McNally, Steve. "Antidepressant use in autistic spectrum disorder." Learning Disability Practice 10, no. 8 (October 2007): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ldp.10.8.27.s27.

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Sokol, Deborah K., and Mary Edwards-Brown. "Neuroimaging in Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)." Journal of Neuroimaging 14, no. 1 (January 2004): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6569.2004.tb00210.x.

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Sadlier, Matthew, Colm Cooney, Eimer Philbin-Bowman, and Aideen Lewis. "Diogenes syndrome and autistic spectrum disorder." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 28, no. 4 (December 2011): 224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s079096670001171x.

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AbstractDiogenes syndrome or senile squalor syndrome has been described in the psychiatric literature with an associated mental illness in between one half and two thirds of the cases cited. The occurrence of the syndrome in the absence of a psychiatric disorder has received much attention with many hypotheses proposed. We present the case of a 72-year-old man living for many years in domestic squalor whose presentation, neuropsychological profile and history suggest an underlying autistic spectrum disorder. We are not aware of any similar case in an older adult reported in the medical literature. The co-occurrence of these two conditions is an intriguing one as certain key features of autistic spectrum disorder may predispose to Diogenes syndrome.

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Cepedello, S., A. S. Adrian, G. B. LAura, M. T. Eduardo, D. U. V. Nieves, D. L. R. Henar, and Á. A. Aldara. "Drawing in autistic spectrum disorder children." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S433—S434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.421.

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IntroductionDrawing can be a tool to complete the psychodiagnose process, especially in children with expression and verbal problems.The autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) children have problems to describe their feelings and emotions, they can provide us many information drawing their own world.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to discover the psychopathology of children with ASD through their drawings.MethodsA4-sized booklets were given for ASD children from 6 to 16 years to draw an imaginary family (L. Corman), a human figure (Buck) or a free drawing.ResultsIn most of the drawings of ASD children, we could find at least one of the three criteria of ASD: social deficits, communication difficulties and restricted interests.ConclusionsA projective technique as drawing could help us to discover additional information about our patients, specially children and mainly the ones who had problems with the expression of feelings like ASD children.The act of drawing can be used to understand children's struggles, their internal world. Moreover, it could also help the children gain insight and review progress through drawing records.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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J, Naren, Vithya G, Srivathsan S, and Bharath Reddy. "Supporting Individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorder with Various Technologies: A Review." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 23, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v23i1/pr190242.

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GLAZZARD, JONATHAN, and KATY OVERALL. "Living with autistic spectrum disorder: parental experiences of raising a child with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD)." Support for Learning 27, no. 1 (February 2012): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9604.2011.01505.x.

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Galiatsatos, Polymnia, Adrian Gologan, and Esther Lamoureux. "Autistic Enterocolitis: Fact or Fiction?" Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 23, no. 2 (2009): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/394317.

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Autism spectrum disorder refers to syndromes of varying severity, typified by impaired social interactions, communicative delays and restricted, repetitive behaviours and interests. The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders has been on the rise, while the etiology remains unclear and most likely multifactorial. There have been several reports of a link between autism and chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. Endoscopy trials have demonstrated a higher prevalence of nonspecific colitis, lymphoid hyperplasia and focally enhanced gastritis compared with controls. Postulated mechanisms include aberrant immune responses to some dietary proteins, abnormal intestinal permeability and unfavourable gut microflora. Two autism spectrum disorder patients with chronic intestinal symptoms and abnormal endoscopic findings are described, followed by a review of this controversial topic.

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Tsuchiya, Kenji J., Kaori Matsumoto, Taishi Miyachi, Masatsugu Tsujii, Kazuhiko Nakamura, Shu Takagai, Masayoshi Kawai, et al. "Paternal age at birth and high-functioning autistic-spectrum disorder in offspring." British Journal of Psychiatry 193, no. 4 (October 2008): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.045120.

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BackgroundPrevious studies have reported the association between advanced paternal age at birth and the risk of autistic-spectrum disorder in offspring, including offspring with intellectual disability.AimsTo test whether an association between advanced paternal age at birth is found in offspring with high-functioning autistic-spectrum disorder (i.e. offspring without intellectual disability).MethodA case–control study was conducted in Japan. The participants consisted of individuals with full-scale IQ ⩾ 70, with a DSM–IV autistic disorder or related diagnosis. Unrelated healthy volunteers were recruited as controls. Parental ages were divided into tertiles (i.e. three age classes). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic regression analyses, with an adjustment for age, gender and birth order.ResultsEighty-four individuals with autistic-spectrum disorder but without intellectual disability and 208 healthy controls were enrolled. Increased paternal, but not maternal, age was associated with an elevated risk of high-functioning autistic-spectrum disorder. A one-level advance in paternal age class corresponded to a 1.8-fold increase in risk, after adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsAdvanced paternal age is associated with an increased risk for high-functioning autistic-spectrum disorder.

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Stankovic, Miodrag, Aneta Lakic, and Neda Ilic. "Autism and autistic spectrum disorders in the context of new DSM-V classification, and clinical and epidemiological data." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 140, no. 3-4 (2012): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1204236s.

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Autism is one of disorders from the autism spectrum, besides Asperger syndrome, atypical autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. They are classified as mental disorders as being manifested by a wide range of cognitive, emotional and neurobehavioural abnormalities. Key categorical characteristics of the disorder are clear impairments of the development of the child?s socialisation, understanding and production of verbal and non-verbal communication and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour. Demarcation boundaries are not clear, neither within the very group of the disorders from the autistic spectrum, nor with respect to the autistic behavioural features in the general population. For this reason, the term spectrum points out the significance of the dimensional assessment of autistic disorders, which will most likely be the basis of the new diagnostic classification of the disorders belonging to the current group of pervasive developmental disorders in the new DSM-V classification. The understanding, as well as the prevalence of the autistic spectrum disorders has changed drastically in the last four decades. From the previous 4 per 10,000 people, today?s prevalence estimates range from 0.6 to around 1%, and the increase of prevalence cannot be explained solely by better recognition on the part of experts and parents or by wider diagnostic criteria. The general conclusion is that the autistic spectrum disorders are no longer rare conditions and that the approach aimed at acknowledging the warning that this is an urgent public health problem is completely justified.

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Pereverzeva, D. S., U. A. Mamokhina, E. Yu Davydova, A. A. Lopukhina, V. G. Arutiunian, and A. V. Khaustov. "Receptive Language in Primary-School-Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Клиническая и специальная психология 10, no. 4 (2021): 137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2021100407.

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The objective of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the receptive language, and the index of non-verbal intelligence and the level of severity of autistic disorders in primary-school-aged children with Autism spectrum disorder. One of the main areas influenced by autistic disorders is communication. Therefore, the study of the language abilities of such children and factors that affect them provides a better approach to the therapy and education. The sample included 50 children aged 7–11 years diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. Children were tested using the KORABLIK method (basic linguistic skills), the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC-II) or the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children ― Third Edition (WISC-III) (non-verbal intelligence), the Autism Diagnosis Observation Schedule ― Second Edition (ADOS-II) (autistic traits). The results support the hypothesis of the relationship between receptive language skills, the index of non-verbal intelligence, and symptoms of autism. The severity of autistic traits is negatively associated with some phonological and lexical levels of the receptive speech, as well as with understanding of discourse. The non-verbal intelligence index is positively associated with speech comprehension at all levels. A specific feature of receptive language in children with Autism spectrum disorder aged 7–11 years is the uneven development, which is associated with the severity of autistic traits and is not associated with the intelligence level.

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Mallol Castaño, L., R. Paricio Del Castillo, and P. Del Sol Calderón. "Psychotic Symptomatology in Adolescentes witch Autistic Spectrum Disorder." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1097.

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Introduction INTRODUCTION: Patients with autistic spectrum disorders may exhibit symptoms that can also appear in psychotic disorders, such as isolation and difficulties in social interaction. In addition, these patients may also present psychotic symptoms throughout their lives, sometimes difficult to differentiate from the patient’s own idiosyncrasies. Objectives OBJECTIVES: To deepen the knowledge of the comorbidity of autism spectrum disorders, in particular psychosis, as well as the differential diagnosis in order to establish an adequate treatment plan and a multidisciplinary approach. Methods METHODS: A detailed description is given of two cases of adolescents diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum Disorder who have presented time-limited psychotic symptomatology in the last year. In addition, a literature search was conducted on the comorbidity of psychosis in patients with ASD. Results RESULTS: Both patients have required several hospital admissions to psychiatric units when they have had psychotic decompensations and psychopharmacological treatment with antipsychotics has been initiated. Conclusions CONCLUSIONS: Patients with autistic spectrum disorders have a wide comorbidity. Psychosis can appear in these patients, often starting in adolescence, a time when social demands increase and patients can become decompensated. They require rapid, multi-level intervention. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Höglund Carlsson, Lotta, Fritjof Norrelgen, Liselotte Kjellmer, Joakim Westerlund, Christopher Gillberg, and Elisabeth Fernell. "Coexisting Disorders and Problems in Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/213979.

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Objectives. To analyze cooccurring disorders and problems in a representative group of 198 preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who had had interventions at a specialized habilitation center.Methods. Parents and children were seen by a research team. Data were based on parental interviews, pediatric assessments, and tests of the child. Information on autistic symptoms, general cognitive function, speech and language, motor function, epilepsy, vision, hearing, activity level, behavior, and sleep was collected.Results. Three ASD categories were used: (1) autistic disorder (AD), (2) autistic-like condition (ALC) or Asperger syndrome, and (3) one group with autistic symptoms/traits but not entirely all its criteria met for ASD. Children with autism had a mean of 3.2 coexisting disorders or problems, the ALC/Asperger group had a mean of 1.6, and children with autistic traits had a mean of 1.6. The most common disorder/problems in the total group pertained to language problems (78%), intellectual disability (ID) (49%), below average motor function (37%), and severe hyperactivity/ADHD (33%).Conclusions. The results accord with the concept of early symptomatic syndromes eliciting neurodevelopmental clinical examination (ESSENCE), and highlight the need of considering ASD in a broad perspective taking also other cooccurring developmental disorders into account.

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Schmitz, Nicole, Katya Rubia, Therese van Amelsvoort, Eileen Daly, Anna Smith, and Declan G. M. Murphy. "Neural correlates of reward in autism." British Journal of Psychiatry 192, no. 1 (January 2008): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.036921.

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BackgroundLack of social interaction, which is characteristically seen in people with autistic-spectrum disorder, may be caused by malfunctioning of the frontostriatal reward systems. However, no reported in vivo brain imaging studies have investigated reward mechanisms in autistic-spectrum disorder.AimsTo investigate functional brain activation during reward feedback in people with autistic-spectrum disorder and control individuals.MethodWe used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural substrates of monetary reward in individuals with autistic-spectrum disorder and matched controls.ResultsWhen rewarded, individuals with autism compared with control individuals showed significantly greater brain activation in the left anterior cingulate gyrus. In addition, activation of this region was negatively correlated with social interaction as measured by the Autism Diagnostic Interview.ConclusionsIn people with autistic-spectrum disorder, achieving reward is associated with significant differences in the activation of areas known to be responsible for attention and arousal, and this may partially underpin some deficits in social behaviour.

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Powell, Joanne L., Lydia Pringle, and Matt Greig. "Investigation of the Association Between Motor Stereotypy Behavior With Fundamental Movement Skills, Adaptive Functioning, and Autistic Spectrum Disorder Symptomology in Children With Intellectual Disabilities." Journal of Child Neurology 32, no. 2 (November 25, 2016): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073816678551.

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Motor stereotypy behaviors are patterned, coordinated, repetitive behaviors that are particularly evident in those with an autistic spectrum disorder and intellectual disabilities. The extent to which motor stereotypy behavior severity is associated with motor skills and maladaptive behavior, measures of adaptive functioning, along with fundamental movement skills and degree of autistic spectrum disorder symptomology is assessed in this preliminary report. Twelve participants, aged 7 to 16 years, with a reported motor stereotypy behavior and either mild or severe intellectual disability comprising developmental or global delay took part in the study. Spearman rho correlational analysis showed that severity of motor stereotypy behavior was significantly positively correlated with autistic spectrum disorder symptomology ( P = .008) and maladaptive behavior ( P = .008) but not fundamental movement skills ( P > .05). An increase in fundamental movement skills score was associated with a decrease in autistic spectrum disorder symptomology ( P = .01) and an increase in motor skills ( P = .002). This study provides evidence showing a significant relationship between motor stereotypy behavior severity with degree of autistic spectrum disorder symptomology and maladaptive behavior.

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Mthombeni, Zinhle Cynthia, and Augustine Nwoye. "Black South African caregivers’ understanding and responses to their children with autism spectrum disorder symptoms: a qualitative study." South African Journal of Psychology 48, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246317696453.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate Black South African caregivers’ understanding and approaches to securing a cure for their children with autistic spectrum disorder symptoms. Qualitative data were collected focusing on exploring caregivers’ narratives. A purposive sampling technique was used to draw study participants who were of Black South African background and had a child with a diagnosis of an autistic spectrum disorder. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data collected and to give analytical meaning to the narratives. The results yielded four dominant themes regarding the level of caregivers’ understanding of autistic spectrum disorder and the options they followed in searching for the cure of their children’s illness. The study drew attention to the feelings of frustration experienced by caregivers in their discovery that the use of both indigenous and Western approaches to autistic spectrum disorder symptoms yielded little benefits. Given these findings, a number of recommendations were made to improve policy and practice in the mental health treatment of children with autistic spectrum disorder symptoms among Black South African clients.

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Goble, David. "Asperger’s Syndrome and Autistic Spectrum Disorders: Diagnosis, Aetiology and Intervention Strategies." Australasian Journal of Special Education 19, no. 1 (1995): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1030011200023289.

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Autistic disorders are characterised by an absence of two way social interaction, an impairment in communication and a markedly restricted range of interests. Children with an autistic disorder often appear unmotivated and are prone to under utilise important environmental cues. Consequently they are often considered to be ponderous, callous and pedantic. Although debate still exists regarding the aetiology of the condition, a number of researchers (Leslie, 1987; Frith, 1991; Baron-Cohen, 1993) have proposed that what children with autistic disorders are displaying is a lack of “Theory of Mind” which prevents them from recognising that others have their own thoughts, beliefs and emotions. A discussion on the diagnosis of the disorder, with particular reference placed on Asperger’s Syndrome, is presented. Implications for educators and classroom intervention strategies are considered.

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Silva de Souza, Wnilma, and Adriana Maria Cunha da Silva. "INCIDENCE OF AUTISTA SPECTRUM DISORDER – ASD." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 10 (October 31, 2019): 260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss10.1769.

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People with disabilities have long-term limitations that may obstruct and / or hinder their integration into society. Among the many existing deficiencies is Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which is a neurological disorder characterized by impaired communication, social interaction, and behavioral change. In this sense, the present work proposes to show the percentage of children and adolescents enrolled in the school system in the city of Paulo Afonso-Ba, in kindergarten, elementary I and II, diagnosed with ASD, besides knowing the history, the diagnosis and the treatment of autism. To this end, a bibliographic search was performed with searches in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases, in the CAPES Journal Portal and Google Scholar, using the keywords: autism, ASD, autistic, and search in the Diagnostic Manual and Statistical Analysis of Mental Disorders - DSM V (2013). Then a descriptive analysis of the collected data was performed. However, according to research it is observed that the incidence of autism cases has increased significantly during the last decades.

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Dempsey, Erin E., Chris Moore, Annie E. Richard, and Isabel M. Smith. "Moral foundations theory in autism spectrum disorder: A qualitative investigation." Autism 24, no. 8 (July 15, 2020): 2202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320939331.

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Morality is important for how humans treat each other and non-human animals. Differences in moral reasoning have been found between autistic and neurotypical individuals. Research in this area has relied on accounts of moral psychology that suggest increasingly mature moral principles that develop from taking the perspectives of others. Yet, even autistic individuals, who sometimes differ in their ability to take others’ perspectives, make moral judgements that are similar to neurotypical individuals. Moral foundations theory suggests that moral psychology is not hierarchical but differs depending on culture. Moral foundations theory has not yet been investigated among autistic individuals. This qualitative study used interviews and qualitative analysis as a first attempt at understanding how moral foundations theory fits with autistic moral thinking. We found that all five moral foundations of moral foundations theory were represented in the interviews, yet certain foundations appeared more prominent than others. The autistic adults interviewed in our study discussed issues of care and fairness more than of loyalty, authority or purity when prompted to discuss moral transgressions. Future research should use quantitative methods to compare groups of autistic and neurotypical individuals to clarify similarities and differences in moral thinking between the groups. Lay abstract Morality is important for how humans treat each other and non-human animals. Differences in moral thinking have been found between autistic and neurotypical individuals. This research has relied on ways of thinking about moral psychology that suggest that mature morals develop as individuals learn to take the perspectives of others. Yet, even autistic individuals, who sometimes differ in their ability to take others’ perspectives, make moral judgements that are similar to neurotypical individuals. Moral foundations theory suggests that moral psychology is not hierarchical but differs depending on culture. This theory could therefore help make sense of similarities and differences in autistic and neurotypical moral thinking. Moral foundations theory has not yet been investigated among autistic individuals. In this study, we interviewed autistic adults as a first attempt at understanding how moral foundations theory fits with autistic moral thinking. We found that all five moral foundations of moral foundations theory were represented in the interviews, yet certain foundations appeared more prominent than others. The autistic adults interviewed in our study discussed issues of care and fairness more than of loyalty, authority or purity when prompted to discuss moral transgressions. Future research should use quantitative methods to compare groups of autistic and neurotypical individuals to clarify similarities and differences in moral thinking between the groups.

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Hallahan, Brian P., and Kieran C. Murphy. "Autistic spectrum disorders." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 22, no. 4 (December 2005): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700009253.

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AbstractAutistic spectrum disorders (ASD), are a group of disorders characterised by qualitative abnormalities in social and emotional behaviour and are associated with restricted, stereotyped and repetitive interests and activities. There has been considerable understanding of ASD in recent years. This educational review paper focuses on four areas of interest and relevance to trainees preparing for the membership examination of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (MRCPsych): (a) diagnosing ASD; (b) epidemiology of ASD; (c) aetiology, including genetic, cognitive and neurochemical/neuropathological theories in ASD; and (d) treatment of ASD. Relevant papers are discussed and recommendations for further reading are provided.

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Singhania, Rajeshree. "Autistic spectrum disorders." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 72, no. 4 (April 2005): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02724019.

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Smeardon, Lesley. "Autistic spectrum disorders." Nursing and Residential Care 1, no. 4 (July 1999): 226–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.1999.1.4.7873.

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Bayl, Vivian. "Autistic Spectrum Disorders." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 43, no. 3 (March 2007): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2007.01046.x.

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Wing, L. "Autistic spectrum disorders." BMJ 312, no. 7027 (February 10, 1996): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.312.7027.327.

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Померанцева, Е. А., А. А. Исаев, А. П. Есакова, И. В. Поволоцкая, Е. В. Денисенкова, Н. В. Ветрова, Ю. О. Григорьева, and Е. В. Мусатова. "Genetic testing for autistic spectrum disorders." Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Medicinskaia genetika», no. 4(213) (April 30, 2020): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25557/2073-7998.2020.04.78-79.

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Согласно рекомендациям Американской академии педиатрии при постановке диагноза аутизм, следует направить семью на консультацию генетика и генетическое обследование. Однако оптимальный подход к алгоритму генетического обследования при выявлении расстройства аутистического спектра еще предстоит разработать. В рамках исследования было проведено сравнение выявляемости генетических факторов аутизма различными молекулярно-генетическими тестами. According to American Academy of Pediatrics recent guidelines, each family with a child diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder should be reffered to a medical geneticist and offered genetic tests. However, an optimal genetic testing algorithm has yet to be developed. This study was conducted to compare abilities of different molecular-genetic methods to detect genetic factors of autistic spectrum disorders.

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Melati, Felicia, Ratna Indriyanti, and Arlette Suzy Setiawan. "Effectiveness of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) with regard to tooth brushing in autistic children." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 52, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v52.i3.p117-121.

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Background: Children demonstrating autistic spectrum disorders tend to be uncooperative when receiving dental treatment. Actions as simple as brushing the teeth with a prophylactic brush can constitute complex processes for children with such conditions. Applied behavior analysis (ABA) can train children in new positive behavior and it is, therefore, anticipated that an ABA-based approach iscapable of influencing the behavior of individuals with autistic spectrum disorder. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the ABA-based approach for autistic children during dental brushing procedures. Methods: The research constituted a quasiexperimental single subject investigation of children presenting autistic spectrum disorders who attended the Lembaga Pendidikan Autisma Prananda, Bandung. Potential changes in the behavior of subjects were monitored four times during treatment with a one-week interval between consultations. Those subjects satisfying the inclusion criteria consisted of 11 boys and 4 girls. The data analysis used in this study consisted of an ANOVA test and a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test with a p–value < 0.005. Results: Changes in scores between the initial and final consultations were statistically significant with a p-value (0.269) <0.05. Statistically significant differences existed between changes in the behavior of level 1 and level 2 autistic subjects. Conclusion: An ABA-based approach effectively changes the behavior of autistic children with regard to prophylactic brushing. Children with level 1 autistic spectrum disorder demonstrate greater capacity to follow instructions and consistently implement a prophylactic brushing technique.

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Al Mochamant, Iosif-Grigorios, Ioannis Fotopoulos, and Lampros Zouloumis. "Dental Management of Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 19, no. 3 (November 1, 2015): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjdm-2015-0046.

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SummaryDental treatment of patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) can be complicated because of the presence of behavioural unpredictability. This article reviews the present literature on the issues dealt with children with autistic spectrum disorder from the dental perspective. The prevalence of autism is rising worldwide. Consequently, dentists will find an increasing number of such children in their routine practice, whose treatment will require special considerations in their dental management. Knowledge regarding the oral health status of autistic children is essential for the paediatric dentists. Negative behaviour toward dental treatment was very clear in autistic children. Self-inflicting trauma/habits were observed in autistic children. It was concluded that the autistic children do not have a higher dental caries score compared to that of normal children. Their oral hygiene was fair; however, they exhibited more debris deposits than normal children.

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Craig, Michaelc, Shahid H. Zaman, Eileen M. Daly, William J. Cutter, Dene M. W. Robertson, Brian Hallahan, Fiona Toal, et al. "Women with autistic-spectrum disorder: magnetic resonance imaging study of brain anatomy." British Journal of Psychiatry 191, no. 3 (September 2007): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.034603.

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BackgroundOur understanding of anatomical differences in people with autistic-spectrum disorder, is based on mixed-gender or male samples.AimsTo study regional grey-matter and white-matter differences in the brains of women with autistic-spectrum disorder.MethodWe compared the brain anatomy of 14 adult women with autistic-spectrum disorder with 19 controls using volumetric magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry Results Women with autistic-spectrum disorder had a smaller density bilaterally of grey matter in the frontotemporal cortices and limbic system, and of white matter in the temporal lobes (anterior) and pons. In contrast, they had a larger white-matter density bilaterally in regions of the association and projection fibres of the frontal, parietal, posterior temporal and occipital lobes, in the commissural fibres of the corpus callosum (splenium) and cerebellum (anterior lobe). Further, we found a negative relationship between reduced grey-matter density in right limbic regions and social communication ability.ConclusionsWomen with autistic-spectrum disorder have significant differences in brain anatomy from controls, in brain regions previously reported as abnormal in adult men with the disorder. Some anatomical differences may be related to clinical symptoms.

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González-Herrero, Belén, Francesca Morgante, Javier Pagonabarraga, Biba Stanton, and Mark J. Edwards. "Autism Spectrum Disorder May Be Highly Prevalent in People with Functional Neurological Disorders." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010299.

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Recent observations suggest that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) co-occurs in people with a functional neurological disorder (FND), but little systematic data are available on the relationship between FND and autism. The study aimed to assess the self-reported autistic traits via a standardized questionnaire and the prevalence of previously diagnosed ASD among people with FND and their 1st-degree relatives. We performed a survey of members of the patient organization FNDHope, using a self-completed questionnaire for screening for autistic traits and ASD: the adult autism subthreshold spectrum (AdAS spectrum). There were 344 respondents diagnosed with FND with a mean age of 39.8 ± 11.6 years (female sex 90%). Eight per cent of respondents volunteered a previous diagnosis of ASD, and 24% reported a 1st-degree relative with a formal diagnosis of ASD, mostly their children. We found that 69% of respondents had scores in the AdAS spectrum indicating a clinically significant ASD and 21% indicating autistic traits. Further studies are needed to provide more evidence regarding the prevalence of ASD in people with FND and how this may influence the aetiology, treatment selection and prognosis.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Autistic spectrum disorder (AS)'

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