Journal articles on the topic 'Autistic children Testing'
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Odermatt, Salome D., Wenke Möhring, Silvia Grieder, and Alexander Grob. "Cognitive and Developmental Functions in Autistic and Non-Autistic Children and Adolescents: Evidence from the Intelligence and Development Scales–2." Journal of Intelligence 10, no. 4 (November 21, 2022): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence10040112.
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Autistic individuals often show impairments in cognitive and developmental domains beyond the core symptoms of lower social communication skills and restricted repetitive behaviors. Consequently, the assessment of cognitive and developmental functions constitutes an essential part of the diagnostic evaluation. Yet, evidence on differential validity from intelligence and developmental tests, which are commonly used with autistic individuals, varies widely. In the current study, we investigated the cognitive (i.e., intelligence, executive functions) and developmental (i.e., psychomotor skills, social–emotional skills, basic skills, motivation and attitude, participation during testing) functions of autistic and non-autistic children and adolescents using the Intelligence and Development Scales–2 (IDS-2). We compared 43 autistic (Mage = 12.30 years) with 43 non-autistic (Mage = 12.51 years) participants who were matched for age, sex, and maternal education. Autistic participants showed significantly lower mean values in psychomotor skills, language skills, and the evaluation of participation during testing of the developmental functions compared to the control sample. Our findings highlight that autistic individuals show impairments particularly in motor and language skills using the IDS-2, which therefore merit consideration in autism treatment in addition to the core symptoms and the individuals’ intellectual functioning. Moreover, our findings indicate that particularly motor skills might be rather neglected in autism diagnosis and may be worthy of receiving more attention. Nonsignificant group differences in social–emotional skills could have been due to compensatory effects of average cognitive abilities in our autistic sample.
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Durin, Dhian Regi Samarta, M. Shodiq A.M, and Ediyanto Ediyanto. "HUBUNGAN PERMAINAN LEGO DENGAN KONSENTRASI BELAJAR ANAK AUTIS DI SEKOLAH LUAR BIASA." Refleksi Edukatika : Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24176/re.v13i1.8512.
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The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between Lego games and the learning concentration of autistic children.The research method used is quantitative with correlational study techniques. This study uses data analysis and testing the Spearman Rank Correlation hypothesis. Collecting data using observation. The subjects in this study were autistic children.The results showed that there was a significant relationship between Lego games and the learning concentration of autistic children. This is shown by testing the hypothesis using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient formula with a value of 0.9 greater than the rho table value of 0.886 at an error level of 5%.
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Dorenbaum, David, Elizabeth Mencel, Warren T. Blume, and Sandra Fisman. "EEG Findings and Language Patterns in Autistic Children: Clinical Correlations." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 1 (February 1987): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378703200108.
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Several authors have used the EEG as a diagnostic tool to identify distinctive patterns of cerebral dysfunction in autistic children. However, evidence is needed to support the hypothesis that their level of functioning correlates with their EEG profile. In this study EEG's were obtained in 17 autistic children without sedation and following sleep deprivation. These children were also evaluated in a double blind procedure with regard to their speech and communication abilities. We did not find a statistically significant correlation between EEG changes and speech performance. None of the autistic children using an augmentative system of communication had any EEG abnormalities. However, a normal EEG is not sufficient to predict successful response to communication therapy. Since the effect of sedative drugs on brain electrical activity limits the value of tracings, we recommend the sleep deprivation techniques when “difficult” children have to undergo EEG testing. Parents' or guardians' participation during the procedure is encouraged.
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Yuliandika, Rizal Dwi, and Dewi Suryandari. "Hubungan Antara Pola Asuh Orang Tua dengan Temper Tantrum Anak Autis di SLB AGCA Center Surakarta." Jurnal Berita Ilmu Keperawatan 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/bik.v12i1.9618.
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Growth and development, especially in children, sometimes impaired either before birth or after birth. Developmental disorders in children one of which is a developmental disorder behavior. Autism is one of irregularities in development since infancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of parents' parenting autistic children in SLB Agca Center Surakarta and analyze the relationship between foster parents with autistic children in special schools tantrums Agca Center Surakarta. The result is expected to increase the knowledge and contribute to the parties involved in this research about the types of parenting parents the right to their children, especially to children dishabilitas, such as autistic children. This study design using correlational, which examines the relationship between variables. Method is a cross sectional approach. The population in this study are all autistic children in SLB Agca Center Surakarta numbered 34 children. The sample in this study were students with autism SLB Agca Center Surakarta totaling 34 children. The sampling technique used is total sampling. Analysis of the data in this study using univariate and bivariate analysis
aimed to test the hypothesis or testing a relationship between parenting parents with an autistic child temper tantrums in SLB Agca Center Surakarta. The results showed that parents' parenting of children autism in SLB Agca Center Surakarta included in the category of good, and the trend parenting democratic show that autistic children at SLB Agca Center Surakarta has temper tantrums low and temper tantrums of children autism in SLB Agca Center Surakarta included in the category are low, this indicates that the planting of education in SLB Agca Center Surakarta quite successful. There is a correlation between parenting system and temper tantrum of children with Autism Syndrom Disorder in Agca Center Surakarta.
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McKinney, Ailbhe, Emma JL Weisblatt, Kathryn L. Hotson, Zahra Bilal Ahmed, Claudia Dias, Dorit BenShalom, Juliet Foster, Suzanne Murphy, Sofía S. Villar, and Matthew K. Belmonte. "Overcoming hurdles to intervention studies with autistic children with profound communication difficulties and their families." Autism 25, no. 6 (April 7, 2021): 1627–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321998916.
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Autistic children and adults who are non-verbal/minimally verbal or have an intellectual disability have often been excluded from Autism Spectrum Disorder research. Historical, practical and theoretical reasons for this exclusion continue to deter some researchers from work with this underserved population. We discuss why these reasons are neither convincing nor ethical, and provide strategies for dealing with practical issues. As part of a randomised controlled trial of an intervention for children with profound autism, we reflected as a multi-disciplinary team on what we had learnt from these children, their families and each other. We provide 10 strategies to overcome what appeared initially to be barriers to collecting data with this population. These hurdles and our solutions are organised by theme: interacting physically with children, how to play and test, navigating difficult behaviours, selecting suitable outcome measures, relating with parents, managing siblings, involving stakeholders, timing interactions, the clinician’s role in managing expectations, and recruitment. The aim of this article is to provide researchers with the tools to feel motivated to conduct research with children with profound autism and their families, a difficult but worthwhile endeavour. Many of these lessons also apply to conducting research with non-autistic children with intellectual disabilities. Lay abstract Autistic children who speak few or no words or who have an intellectual disability are the most in need of new understandings and treatments, but the most often left out of the research that can bring these benefits. Researchers perceive difficulties around compliance with instructions, testing, challenging behaviours and family stress. Although research with these children can indeed be difficult, their continuing exclusion is unethical and unacceptable. Drawing on our experiences testing a possible treatment for children with profound autism, we provide 10 practical guidelines related to (1) interacting physically, (2) combining play and testing, (3) responding to challenging behaviour, (4) finding suitable tests, (5) relationships with parents, (6) relationships with siblings, (7) involving stakeholders, (8) planning the testing times, (9) the role of the clinical supervisor and (10) recruiting and retaining participants. We hope that these guidelines will prepare and embolden other research teams to work with profoundly autistic children, ending their historical exclusion from research. These guidelines also could be useful for conducting research with children with intellectual disabilities.
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Sulastri, Sulastri. "PERAN GURU PENDAMPING PADA ANAK AUTIS KELAS VI DI SEKOLAH DASAR THEODORE 1 KECAMATAN BATU AMPAR KOTA BATAM." Jurnal Dedikasi Pendidikan 6, no. 2 (July 27, 2022): 531–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30601/dedikasi.v6i2.2782.
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This study aims to examine the role of assistant teachers for autistic children in grade VI at Theodore 1 Elementary School, Batu Ampar District, Batam City. Design of research was qualitative research. Research informants include accompanying teachers, homeroom teachers and parents of autistic children. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used descriptive qualitative analysis which included data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Testing the validity of the data using triangulation. The results showed that the role of the assistant teacher included: (1) Coordinating and collaborating between and among education and education personnel, as well as the community. (2) Building a network with educational institutions. . (3) Develop academic instruments. (4) The accompanying teacher plays a role in drilling. (5) Develop a compesatory service program for students with special needs. (6) Implementing mentoring academic learning. (7) Providing special service assistance. (8) Special learning in the resource room for autistic children has not been implemented. (9) Implement compesatory services according to the special needs of students. (10) Provide continuous guidance. (11) Conduct case conferences. Thus, it is concluded that the accompanying teacher has carried out his role well to assist the autistic child.
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Sherifi, Edo. "Therapies and Treatment for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: (Case Study)." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0171.
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Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) (APA). Case Study of autistic child D.S. treated with (IEP) program and therapeutic methods. Direct observation of the vertical grid with the child treated with (IEP) program and professional techniques was used for the realization of the study, semi-structured interviews with actors and factors that have access to autistic children. Focus group with field specialists who create a multidisciplinary team. Child testing with the SON-R test proved that the age of the trained child increased 4 years. The non-exercising child's mental age increased only 7 months (2.5-3.2) years. Achievements of an autistic child treated with the Individualized Education Program, (IEP-1+IEP-2+IEP- 3 in the spheres exercised: The child has made progress in the psychomotor skills (learning). Results: (IEP-1-15%); (IEP-2-45%); (IEP-3-80%). Linguistic skills has not progressed, because it has serious brain damage in the part of communicative ability; the results in this sphere are: IEP-1-0%; IEP-2-5%; IEP-3-10%. The achievements of the child in the social sphere are: IEP-1-35%; IEP-2-45%; IEP-3-75%. Psychological treatment of autistic child with Individualized Education Program (IEP) and therapeutic methods resulted in success story.
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Halabi, Osama, Samir A. Elseoud, Jihad M. Alja'am, Hena Alpona, Moza Al-Hemadi, and Dabia Al-Hassan. "Immersive Virtual Reality in Improving Communication Skills in Children with Autism." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 11, no. 2 (April 11, 2017): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v11i2.6555.
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Individuals in the Autism Spectrum often encounter situations where they have to respond to questions and situations that they do not know how to respond to, such as, questions asked by strangers including ones related to daily-life activities. A variety of research has been done to improve social and communication impairments in children with autism using technology. Immersive virtual reality is a relatively recent technology with a potential to bring an effective solution and used as a therapeutic tool to develop different skills. This paper presents a virtual reality solution to reduce the gap experienced by autistic children due to their inability to establish a communication. An interactive scenario-based system that uses role-play and turn-taking technique was implemented to evaluate and verify the effectiveness of immersive environment on the social performance of an autistic child. Preliminary testing of the system demonstrated the feasibility of VR-based system as a took for improving the communication skill in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children. The results of the comparative usability study show the effectiveness of immersive VR in motivating and satisfying the autistic.
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van Rijn, Helma, and Pieter Jan Stappers. "The Puzzling Life of Autistic Toddlers: Design Guidelines from the LINKX Project." Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2008 (2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/639435.
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This paper presents guidelines for designers to help them consider what children with autism value in interactions with their environment. The guidelines were developed during the LINKX project in order to design a language learning toy for these children and are based on literature study, expert interviews, generative techniques, and prototype testing with users. We present both the theoretical or practical background of each guideline together with a discussion how the guideline was evident in the prototype of LINKX. Testing the prototype in the real world helped us to shape the prototype and the guidelines. This paper aims to share our guidelines with the design research community, so that others can use them as steppingstones in their work.
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Ramaekers, Vincent T., Jeffrey M. Sequeira, Beat Thöny, and Edward V. Quadros. "Oxidative Stress, Folate Receptor Autoimmunity, and CSF Findings in Severe Infantile Autism." Autism Research and Treatment 2020 (November 18, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9095284.
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Background. Biomarkers such as oxidative stress, folate receptor alpha (FRα) autoimmunity, and abnormal brain serotonin turnover are common in autism. Methods. Oxidative stress biomarkers with pro- and antioxidants were measured in the severe form of infantile autism (n = 38) and controls (n = 24). Children and parents had repeated testing for serum FR autoantibodies, spinal fluid dopamine and serotonin metabolites, pterins, and N5-methyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF). Statistical analysis assessed correlations between variables. Genetic analysis included the SLC6A4 and SLC29A4 genes encoding synaptic serotonin reuptake proteins. Results. Compared to controls, the autism group showed a significant increase in oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes, plasma ceruloplasmin and copper levels with a high copper/zinc ratio, thiol proteins, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Vitamin C levels were significantly diminished. In most autistic patients, the vitamin A (64%) and D (70%) levels were low. Serum FR autoantibodies fluctuating over 5–7 week periods presented in 68% of all autistic children, 41% of parents vs. 3.3% of control children and their parents. CSF showed lowered serotonin 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5HIAA) metabolites in 13 (34%), a low 5HIAA to HVA (dopamine metabolite) ratio in 5 (13%), low 5HIAA and MTHF in 2 (5%), and low MTHF in 8 patients (21%). A known SLC6A4 mutation was identified only in 1 autistic child with low CSF 5HIAA and a novel SLC29A4 mutation was identified in identical twins. Low CSF MTHF levels among only 26% of subjects can be explained by the fluctuating FR antibody titers. Two or more aberrant pro-oxidant and/or antioxidant factors predisposed to low CSF serotonin metabolites. Three autistic children having low CSF 5HIAA and elevated oxidative stress received antioxidative supplements followed by CSF 5HIAA normalisation. Conclusion. In autism, we found diverse combinations for FR autoimmunity and/or oxidative stress, both amenable to treatment. Parental and postnatal FR autoantibodies tend to block folate passage to the brain affecting folate-dependent pathways restored by folinic acid treatment, while an abnormal redox status tends to induce reduced serotonin turnover, corrected by antioxidant therapy. Trial Registration. The case-controlled study was approved in 2008 by the IRB at Liège University (Belgian Number: B70720083916). Lay Summary. Children with severe infantile autism frequently have serum folate receptor autoantibodies that block the transport of the essential vitamin folate across the blood-brain barrier to the brain. Parents are often asymptomatic carriers of these serum folate receptor autoantibodies, which in mothers can block folate passage across the placenta to their unborn child. This folate deficiency during the child’s intrauterine development may predispose to neural tube defects and autism. Oxidative stress represents a condition with the presence of elevated toxic oxygen derivatives attributed to an imbalance between the formation and protection against these toxic reactive oxygen derivatives. Oxidative stress was found to be present in autistic children where these reactive oxygen derivatives can cause damage to DNA, which changes DNA function and regulation of gene expression. In addition, excessive amounts of these toxic oxygen derivatives are likely to damage the enzyme producing the neuromessenger serotonin in the brain, diminished in about 1/3 of the autistic children. Testing children with autism for oxidative stress and its origin, as well as testing for serum folate receptor autoantibodies, could open new approaches towards more effective treatments.
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Heaton, Pamela, Beate Hermelin, and Linda Pring. "Autism and Pitch Processing: A Precursor for Savant Musical Ability?" Music Perception 15, no. 3 (1998): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285769.
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Musically naive autistic children were compared with musically naive mental age-matched control subjects for their ability to identify and remember single-note frequencies or speech sounds. As an analogy to testing for absolute pitch, subjects were asked after two different time intervals to point out animal pictures previously paired with these stimuli. The results showed that although both groups identified and recalled speech sounds equally well, those with autism demonstrated a superior ability for single-note identification over both time intervals. The findings are discussed in terms of an enhanced capacity, characteristic of autistic persons, to process and retain isolated, context-independent elements of stimulus arrays.
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Amoruso, Lucia, Antonio Narzisi, Martina Pinzino, Alessandra Finisguerra, Lucia Billeci, Sara Calderoni, Franco Fabbro, Filippo Muratori, Anna Volzone, and Cosimo Urgesi. "Contextual priors do not modulate action prediction in children with autism." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1908 (August 14, 2019): 20191319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1319.
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Bayesian accounts of autism suggest that this disorder may be rooted in an impaired ability to estimate the probability of future events, possibly owing to reduced priors. Here, we tested this hypothesis within the action domain in children with and without autism using a behavioural paradigm comprising a familiarization and a testing phase. During familiarization, children observed videos depicting a child model performing actions in diverse contexts. Crucially, within this phase, we implicitly biased action-context associations in terms of their probability of co-occurrence. During testing, children observed the same videos but drastically shortened (i.e. reduced amount of kinematics information) and were asked to infer action unfolding. Since during the testing phase movement kinematics became ambiguous, we expected children's responses to be biased to contextual priors, thus compensating for perceptual uncertainty. While this probabilistic effect was present in controls, no such modulation was observed in autistic children, overall suggesting an impairment in using contextual priors when predicting other peoples' actions in uncertain environments.
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Prior, Margot, and Wendy Hoffmann. "Brief report: Neuropsychological testing of autistic children through an exploration with frontal lobe tests." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 20, no. 4 (December 1990): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02216063.
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Madaan, Priyanka, Prashant Jauhari, Zulfiqar M. Luhar, Biswaroop Chakrabarty, and Sheffali Gulati. "Autism, Epilepsy, and Neuroregression: Photosensitivity on Electroencephalography Solved the Riddle." Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 51, no. 6 (January 6, 2020): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550059419899327.
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Autistic epileptiform regression is an uncommon but extensively described malady in children. The clinico-etiological spectrum of this entity ranges from electrical status epilepticus in sleep to various neurogenetic and neurodegenerative disorders. Identification of these disorders is crucial considering their therapeutic and prognostic implications. Simple investigations such as neuroimaging and electroencephalography with activation procedures can provide valuable diagnostic clues in resource-limited settings; facilitating targeted genetic/metabolic testing. Here we report a 3.5-year-old girl with autistic regression and epilepsy. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis was suspected as her electroencephalogram showed photoparoxysmal response on low-frequency (1-3 Hz) intermittent photic stimulation. A deficient leukocyte tripeptidyl peptidase 1 enzyme confirmed the diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.
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Nuntamool, N., N. Ngamsamut, N. Vanwong, A. Puangpetch, M. Chamnanphon, Y. Hongkaew, P. Limsila, and C. Sukasem. "Pharmacogenomics and Efficacy of Risperidone Long-term Treatment in Thai Autistic Children and Adolescence." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S218—S219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2203.
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Risperidone, atypical antipsychotics, was approved for irritability in autistic disorder. However, some patients had minimal improvement or no response to this treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of pharmacogenomics factors and clinical outcomes in autistic children and adolescence who treated with risperidone for long periods. Sixty-seven autistic subjects diagnosed with DSM-IV criteria and treated with risperidone more than 1 year were evaluated clinical symptom by CGI, aggressive, over activity, and repetitive score. Polymorphisms of ABCB1, CYP2D6, DRD2, DRD3, and HTR2A were analyzed. Almost patients showed stable symptom on aggressive (91.04%), over activity (73.13%), repetitive (68.25%) behavior, and all clinical symptoms (82.09%). Only 4.48% of patients showed minimally worse on CGI-I score. Patients in non-stable of all symptom group had DRD2 Taq1A non-wildtype (TT and CT) frequencies higher than clinical stable group (P = 0.046), whereas other genes polymorphism showed no significant association. Interestingly, there was no patient with HTR2A-1438G > A wildtype in all non-stable symptoms. However, there was no significant association due to small sample sizes. Drug levels (RIS, 9OH-RIS, and active moiety) did not show the association with any clinical outcome. Increased appetite was the common ADRs, which associated with high body weight, whereas there was not significantly associated with genetic variations and non-genetic information. In conclusion, risperidone showed efficacy to control autism, especially aggressive symptom in long-term treatment. However, dopamine 2 gene variation affect to non-stable in risperidone treated patients. This study supports pharmacogenomics testing for personalized therapeutics of risperidone in autistic disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Nadirah, Rizqiyah, and Siti Raudhoh. "EFEKTIVITAS PERMAINAN PLAYDOUGH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN IDENTIFIKASI WARNA PRIMER PADA ANAK AUTIS DI TK KHUSUS HARAPAN MULIA KOTA JAMBI." Jurnal Psikologi Jambi 4, no. 1 (July 20, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jpj.v4i1.8773.
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Introduction One of the tasks of children development that a kindergarten child must undergo is to learn to recognize the physical environment based on color, shape, and size. The inconsistency of autistic children in mentioning primary colors such as red, blue, and yellow is certainly very influential to identify objects around them.Method This study used a quantitative research method with a quasi-experimental research approach. Sampling used purposive sampling technique. The number of research subjects were 3 subjects. This study used the checklist observation form. Hypothesis testing used descriptive techniques and Paired Sample T-test.Results This study showed an increasing mean value after playing playdough, pretest was 356.67 and at the posttest was 430.33. Based on the results of T-test it was known that the p value obtained is 0.008 <0.05, so it can be concluded that there was significant increasing primary color identification skills in autistic children at Inclusion Kindergarten Harapan Mulia Jambi City after being given treatment. Conclusions and Recomendations Playdough games can significantly improve primary color identification skills in autistic children. Autistic children have shown interest when they are given playdough games, and that has made them more focused when given instructions. Keywords: playdough, color identification, autistic children ABSTRAK Pendahuluan Salah satu tugas perkembangan masa kanak-kanak yang harus dijalani anak taman kanak-kanak ialah belajar mengenal lingkungan fisik berdasarkan warna, bentuk, dan ukuran. Ketidakkonsistenan anak autis dalam menyebutkan warna-warna primer seperti merah, biru, dan kuning tentunya sangat berpengaruh untuk mengidentifikasi benda-benda di sekitarnya. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian Kuasi-Eksperimen. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Jumlah subjek penelitian sebanyak 3 subjek. Penelitian ini menggunakan form observasi checklist. Uji hipotesis menggunakan teknik deskriptif dan Paired Sample T-test. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukan terdapat peningkatan nilai rata-rata (mean) pretest sebesar 356.67 dan pada posttest sebesar 430.33. Berdasarkan hasil T-test diketahui p value yang didapat sebesar 0.008<0.05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya peningkatan yang signifikan pada kemampuan identifikasi warna pada anak autis di TK Khusus Harapan Mulia setelah diberikan perlakuan. Kesimpulan Dan Saran Permainan playdough secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan identifikasi warna primer pada anak autis. Anak autis menunjukan ketertarikan ketika mereka diberikan permainan playdough, dan hal itu membuat mereka lebih fokus pada saat diberikan intruksi. Kata Kunci : playdough, identifikasi warna, anak autis.
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Saeed, Hijab, Shoaib Waqas, Muhammad Tariq, Hafiz Muhammad Asim, and Maleeha Fuad. "Translation and Validation of Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire in Urdu for Autistic Children." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 6 (June 22, 2022): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2216640.
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Aim: The objective of this study is Translation and validation of autism spectrum screening questionnaires in Urdu. Methods: This was a cross-cultural validation study conducted at the Rising Sun Institute in Lahore utilizing convenient sampling. Twenty pediatric rehabilitation experts and parents of children with autism spectrum disorders, ranging in age from 6 to 17, were included in the study. Two different translators translated the original English edition of ASSQ into Urdu (forward translation). One of the translators was a technological expert, while the other was a medical professional. These interpreters could communicate well in both English and Urdu. The Urdu version of the ASSQ was subsequently translated into English (backward translation). This was carried out by a healthcare expert who had been blinded to the original English version of the ASSQ. The final version was given to an expert panel for assessment after both scales were compared. Panel created the final translated Urdu version of the data. The guardian's approval was obtained in advance, and anonymity was guaranteed. The data was entered into and analyzed using the SPSS version 21 application. The variables in the study were represented using descriptive statistics such as tables, graphs, and percentages. Results: For reliability statistics, the mean age of the participants was 54.87, with a standard deviation of 0.7648. The translated ASSQ questionnaire had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.584. After testing and re-testing on parents of Autism patients, the inter item correlation (Pearson Correlation) varied between (0.510-0.845). After translation of ASSQ, the intra-class correlation varied from 0.345 to 0.484. Conclusion: Urdu version of autism spectrum screening questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for autism children. Keywords: Autism, Screening, Questionnaire, Autistic
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Darmayasa, Pande Putu, Markus Hartono, and I. Made Ronyastra. "Perancangan Mainan Puzzle untuk Media Belajar dan Media Terapi Motorik Halus bagi Anak Autis." KELUWIH: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/saintek.v1i2.2978.
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Abstract- An autistic child is a child who has a functional brain disruption, causing the child to have difficulty in carrying out social interactions with his/her environment because they live “in their own world”. Disturbances in brain function can also have a negative impact in the learing process of the child. Even though children with autism have such disabilities and limitations, the characteristics of children who like to play and explore do not disappear, thus, games become one of the most effective learning and therapeutic methods for them. There are many games that can be used as learning media for children with autism, one of them are puzzles. However, in reality, there are not many puzzle games today that address the needs of autistic children which can support their learning process and serve as therapy for fine motoric skills in children. In accordance with the problems above, a puzzle game was designed to be used as a medium for learning and at the same time as a way of therapy of fine motorc skills for autistic children. To find the specific needs of children with autism for this game, data was collected by conducting an initial survey in the form of questionnaires and interviews with therapists and teachers who handle autistic children in two autistic schools in Surabaya, Indonesia. Then, after knowing what the needs are, they were entered into a needs metrics table to study the most appropriate way to fulfil them. The results of these needs metrics will be used as a basis for developing the concepts of this product. The product concept selection, then, underwent three stages, namely, concept generation, concept selection, and concept testing. After selecting the definitive concept, calculations were made to compute material costs, making product prototypes, economic analysis, and product testing. The product testing was carried out with children with early or basic autism using a prototype of the product that resembled the original. This trial was conducted to get feedback from the instructor/therapist about whether this product is in accordance with the needs of children with autism. The results of the conducted trial, which was mainly in the form of feedback, showed that 100% said that the product was safe, 90% that the function of the toy was clear, 80% said the instructions were easy to follow, 100% said it was durable, 100% said it was unique, 100% said it was attractive, 60% said it was easy to carry, 80% said it had suitable dimensions, 90% said it was easy to store, and 100% said that “Edufunzle” (the name given to the product) could be used as learning media and as fine motoric therapy with autistic children. However, 60% of the respondents said that the price of the product was still too expensive, and suggested that the price of this product could be more economical.
Keywords: autistic children, puzzle, motoric skills therapy, need metric, product concept
Abstrak- Anak autis merupakan anak yang mempunyai gangguan pada fungsi otak sehingga menyebabkan anak tersebut kesulitan dalam mengadakan interaksi sosial dengan lingkungannya dan seolah-olah hidup dalam dunianya sendiri. Gangguan pada fungsi otak tersebut juga menyebabkan anak autis tidak dapat melakukan aktivitas seperti anak normal pada umumnya seperti aktivitas belajar. Meskipun anak dengan autis memiliki gangguan dan ketidakmampuan sedemikian rupa, karakteristik anak yang senang bermain dan berekspolasi tidak dapat hilang begitu saja sehingga permainan menjadi salah satu metode pembelajaran dan terapi yang efektif untuk mereka. Banyak permainan yang dapat digunakan untuk media belajar pada anak autis, salah satunya yaitu puzzle. Namun, pada kenyataannya tidak banyak permainan puzzle yang ada saat ini sesuai dengan kebutuhan anak autis yang dapat menunjang proses belajar dan terapi untuk motorik halus pada anak. Sesuai dengan permasalahan diatas, maka dirancanglah sebuah permainan puzzle yang dapat digunakan sebagai media belajar dan media terapi motorik halus bagi anak autis. Untuk mengetahui apa saja kebutuhan anak autis dalam permainan ini maka dilakukan pengumpulan data dengan melakukan survey awal berupa kuisioner dan wawancara dengan terapis atau pengajar yang menangani anak autis di dua sekolah autis yang berada di Surabaya. Kemudian setelah diketahui apa saja kebutuhannya maka akan dicari tau bagaimana pemenuhan dari kebutuhan tersebut menggunakan tabel need metric. Hasil dari need metric tersebut akan digunakan sebagai dasar dalam pengembangan konsep dari produk ini. Pemilihan konsep produk akan melalui tiga tahap yaitu Concept Generation, Concept selection, dan Concept testing. Setelah diperoleh satu konsep maka dilakukan perhitungan untuk biaya material, pembuatan prototype produk , analisa ekonomi, dan pengujian produk. Pengujian produk dilakukan pada anak autis tingkat awal atau dasar dengan menggunakan prototype produk yang menyerupai aslinya. Uji coba ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan feedback dari pengajar/terapis mengenai apakah produk ini sudah sesuai dengan kebutuhan anak autis Dari hasil uji coba yang dilakukan diperoleh feedback bahwa 100% mengatakan produk ini aman, 90% mengatakan fungsi mainan ini jelas, 80% mengatakan prosedur mudah diikuti, 100% mengatakan tahan lama, 100% mengatakan bentuknya unik, 100% mengatakan warna menarik, 60% mengatakan mudah dibawa, 80% mengatakan dimensi ukuran sudah sesuai, 90% mengatakan mudah disimpan, dan 100% mengatakan bahwa produk Edufunzle dapat digunakan sebagai media belajar dan terapi motorik halus pada anak autis. Namun, 60% responden mengatakan bahwa harga produk masih terlalu mahal sehingga mereka menyarankan agar harga produk ini bisa lebih ekonomis
Kata kunci: anak autis, puzzle, terapi keterampilan motorik, need metric, konsep produk
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Amani, Risca, Afdal Luthfi, Vikri Aflaha Qomari, Arisul Mahdi, and Sukree Langputeh. "The Innovation of Maruo's Popup Book to Help Children with Special Needs in Memorizing Alquran." Khalifa: Journal of Islamic Education 5, no. 2 (August 5, 2021): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/kjie.v5i2.155.
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Children with special needs have a particular way of learning which requires media to learn Alquran. This article discussed how a media developed for Alquran learning for children with special needs was created. This study discussed the design of Alquran Learning Media for children with special needs in memorizing Al-Qur'an. Hence, the prototype method was utilized in this study implemented by identifying problems, analyzing user needs, designing products according to user needs, making products that have been planned, validating experts, and product testing. To get an acceptable result, the author collected sources for the literature from the primary ones such as reports, results of previous research, to expert opinions to conduct this learning media. After testing the media, the overall analysis results showed that Mauro's popup book can be used as a medium to help memorize the Alquran for children with special needs, especially children with autistic disorders. In other words, this product can be adopted as a solution for children with special needs to help them in memorizing Alquran
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Magrini, Massimo, Olivia Curzio, Andrea Carboni, Davide Moroni, Ovidio Salvetti, and Alessandra Melani. "Augmented Interaction Systems for Supporting Autistic Children. Evolution of a Multichannel Expressive Tool: The SEMI Project Feasibility Study." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (July 31, 2019): 3081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153081.
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Background: Over the past ten years, the authors have been designing, developing, and testing pervasive technology to support children with autism (ASD). Methods: In the present study, an integrated system based on multimedia and augmented interaction technologies have been tested on young subjects with ASD and dyspraxia in the age range of 6–10 years, in charge for rehabilitation treatments; a team of clinical psychologists has analyzed the results of the experimentation. The ten children involved in the project underwent an initial assessment of praxis skills and motor coordination. Subsequently, the subjects were subdivided into two subgroups: five children participated in the experimentation and five were evaluated as the control group (treatment as usual). Results: The evaluation showed an increased score in the several aspects considered, and particularly those related to motor coordination. An improvement in balancing tests and in hands-movement testing was found. Conclusion: The children involved in the sessions showed greater ability to self-control the movement as well as to select specific motor areas. The methods used seem to be promising to improve emotional and social skills too in a motivating and enjoyable climate. A high level of acceptance by professionals was observed and parents’ feedback was also positive.
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Kelana, Saputri. "Social Family Support for Children with Special Needs in Special School Care for Nagari Children Akabiluru District." Journal Of Social Research 1, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/josr.v1i1.6.
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This research was conducted on the basis of the discovery of phenomena that exist in the Nagari Children's Care Special School, Akabiluru District which shows that family social support for children with special needs is still lacking such as emotional support. The purpose of this research is to find out Family Social Support for Children with Needs at the Nagari Children's Care Special School, Akabiluru District. This research is descriptive qualitative. Informants in this study consist of key informants parents of children with special needs and supporting informants, namely one mentally retarded child and one autistic child. Data were collected by conducting observation and interview guidelines. The data processing technique used descriptive qualitative analysis and the technique of testing the validity of the data was by data triangulation. Based on the results of research at the Nagari Children's Care Special School, Akabiluru District, family social support for children with special needs is emotional support, informative support, instrumental support, and assessment/award support.
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Kurniawan, Wahyu. "Pengaruh Terapi Sensori Integrasi pada Anak Autis yang Mengalami Gangguan Sensori di Pusat Layanan Autis Provinsi Bangka Belitung." MAWA'IZH: JURNAL DAKWAH DAN PENGEMBANGAN SOSIAL KEMANUSIAAN 10, no. 1 (July 18, 2019): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.32923/maw.v10i1.786.
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This study focuses on determining whether an influence of the application of sensory integration in autistic children in an autism service center of the Bangka Belitung island province. The hypothesis proposed is that there is a difference between before and after sensory integration. Subjects before being given sensory integration experienced a level of sensory disturbance that tended to increase compared to before being given treatment. The design used in this study is a single case study in the form of the effect of giving sensory integration therapy treatment. The analytical method used is analysis, visual inspection, interviews and non-parametric observation and analysis (Wilcoxon). The results of hypothesis testing on this therapy are Z = 0.034 (p> 0.05). Based on the analysis, it means that there is a difference in the decrease in the frequency of sensory disturbances between before and after sensory integration therapy in students in the autistic service center of Bangka Belitung province.
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Caruana, Nathan, Heidi Stieglitz Ham, Jon Brock, Alexandra Woolgar, Nadine Kloth, Romina Palermo, and Genevieve McArthur. "Joint attention difficulties in autistic adults: An interactive eye-tracking study." Autism 22, no. 4 (April 20, 2017): 502–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316676204.
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Joint attention – the ability to coordinate attention with a social partner – is critical for social communication, learning and the regulation of interpersonal relationships. Infants and young children with autism demonstrate impairments in both initiating and responding to joint attention bids in naturalistic settings. However, little is known about joint attention abilities in adults with autism. Here, we tested 17 autistic adults and 17 age- and nonverbal intelligence quotient–matched controls using an interactive eye-tracking paradigm in which participants initiated and responded to joint attention bids with an on-screen avatar. Compared to control participants, autistic adults completed fewer trials successfully. They were also slower to respond to joint attention bids in the first block of testing but performed as well as controls in the second block. There were no group differences in responding to spatial cues on a non-social task with similar attention and oculomotor demands. These experimental results were mirrored in the subjective reports given by participants, with some commenting that they initially found it challenging to communicate using eye gaze, but were able to develop strategies that allowed them to achieve joint attention. Our study indicates that for many autistic individuals, subtle difficulties using eye-gaze information persist well into adulthood.
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Palmer, Melanie, Joanne Tarver, Juan Paris Perez, Thomas Cawthorne, Renee Romeo, Dominic Stringer, Victoria Hallett, et al. "A novel group parenting intervention to reduce emotional and behavioural difficulties in young autistic children: protocol for the Autism Spectrum Treatment and Resilience pilot randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 9, no. 6 (June 2019): e029959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029959.
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IntroductionThe majority of young autistic children display impairing emotional and behavioural difficulties that contribute to family stress. There is some evidence that behavioural parenting interventions are effective for reducing behavioural difficulties in autistic children, with less evidence assessing change in emotional difficulties. Previous trials have tended to use unblinded parent-report measures as primary outcomes and many do not employ an active control, limiting the conclusions that can be drawn.Methods and analysisThe Autism Spectrum Treatment and Resilience study is a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) testing the specific effect of a 12-week group parenting intervention (Predictive Parenting) on primary and secondary outcomes, in comparison to an attention control condition consisting of psychoeducation parent groups. Following a feasibility study to test research procedures and the interventions, the pilot RCT participants include 60 parents of autistic children aged 4–8 years who are randomised to Predictive Parenting versus the attention control. Measures are administered at baseline and post intervention to assess group differences in child and parent outcomes, costs and service use and adverse events. The primary outcome is an objective measure of child behaviours that challenge during interactions with their parent and a researcher. The trial aims to provide data on recruitment, retention, completion of measures and acceptability of the intervention and research protocol, in addition to providing a preliminary indication of potential efficacy and establishing an effect size that could be used to power a larger-scale efficacy trial. We will also provide preliminary estimates of the cost-effectiveness of the interventions.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted from NHS Camden and Kings Cross Research Ethics Committee (ref: 16/LO/1769) along with NHS R&D approval from South London and Maudsley, Guy’s and St Thomas', and Croydon Health Services NHS Trusts. The findings will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at conferences.Trial registration numberISRCTN91411078
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Altakhaineh, Abdel Rahman Mitib, Hodan Mahmoud, and Alaa Y. Abukhater. "The effectiveness of using colors in L1 and L2 vocabulary development of autistic children." Advances in Autism 6, no. 3 (January 3, 2020): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aia-10-2019-0032.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of using colors and learner’s intelligence quotient (IQ) in teaching new vocabulary in Arabic (L1) and English (L2) to children with autism spectrum disorder (henceforth, ASD). Design/methodology/approach To this end, 12 autistic children whose ages ranged between 7 and 12 were observed while they were being taught ten new words. The children were divided into two groups based on their IQ: Low (70–74) and High (76–79). The children were also divided into two groups: Group 1 studied the words written in a black font, whereas Group 2 studied the same words, but written in colors (each letter in the word in a different color), and an illustrative picture was provided with each word for both groups. The pictures were also different in color in the former group, while the picture was in black and white in the latter. The children involved in the study have a relatively slight ability to read letters based on an annual language assessment conducted by the center, and they learn a new word by learning its shape and by repetition. The experiment took place over a two-week period that involved teaching, revising and testing. Findings The results of the study showed that the children’s IQ played a crucial role in learning L1 and L2 vocabulary. The results also demonstrated that using colors had no significant impact on the children’s performance in the test. Finally, the results showed that teaching new words to children with ASD through repetition and drilling could be regarded as a useful technique. The study concludes with some recommendations for further studies. Originality/value The study shows that using pictures is a very useful tool in teaching L1 and L2 vocabulary to children with ASD.
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Pellicano, Elizabeth. "Testing the Predictive Power of Cognitive Atypicalities in Autistic Children: Evidence from a 3-Year Follow-Up Study." Autism Research 6, no. 4 (March 14, 2013): 258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1286.
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Lodder, Annemarie, Chris Papadopoulos, and Gurch Randhawa. "SOLACE: A Psychosocial Stigma Protection Intervention to Improve the Mental Health of Parents of Autistic Children—A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 50, no. 12 (April 22, 2020): 4477–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04498-0.
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AbstractThis study presents findings from a feasibility trial, testing an 8-week psychosocial stigma protection intervention (SOLACE) designed to improve the mental health of parents of autistic children. Seventeen parents were stratified then randomly assigned to either SOLACE (n = 9) or control group (n = 8). Retention and adherence rates were excellent with minimal missing data suggesting SOLACE had good acceptability and feasibility. Quantitative analysis revealed that mental health scores had significantly improved for those who took part in SOLACE compared to no significant changes for control group participants. In addition, changes in secondary outcome measures (e.g. stigma, self-esteem and self-compassion) were in favour of SOLACE. Focus group interviews revealed that SOLACE was acceptable to parents. Results suggest that a full randomised controlled trial is warranted.
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Evans, Bonnie. "Between Instincts and Intelligence: The Precarious Sciences of Child Identity in Twentieth-Century Britain." Psychoanalysis and History 21, no. 2 (August 2019): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2019.0294.
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The psychoanalysis of children began to flourish in the 1920s. In exactly the same period, the technique of intelligence testing also began to expand. Yet the relation between these two theoretical advances is often overlooked and misunderstood. This article focuses on the British context and considers why it is vital to consider the history of child psychoanalysis in relation to intelligence testing. The first half considers the growth of child psychoanalysis from the 1920s and reflects on how psychoanalytically informed thinkers such as Jean Piaget, Susan Isaacs and Donald Winnicott considered children's intellectual capacities in relation to emotional engagement. The second half considers major changes in approaches to mental health and ‘mental deficiency’ in the late 1950s, and explores how this led to a mounting criticism of psychoanalytic theories of ‘autistic’ and ‘psychotic’ thought. The article concludes with a reflection on how political change in the 1970s and 1980s influenced new models of child development and encouraged new psychoanalytic work.
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Vella Fondacaro, Daniel, Francesca Vella Fondacaro, and Nigel Camilleri. "A Qualitative Exploration of Parental Views When Comparing Individual to Group Sports in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder—A Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (June 5, 2022): 6906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116906.
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(1) Background: Physical activity is important for children with autism spectrum disorder. This study aimed to analyse autistic children’s and their parents’ preferences between group and individual physical activity, while exploring potential social barriers that they might encounter. (2) Methods: Retrospective analysis identified 701 new referrals received by the Maltese national child and adolescent mental health service, between 2016 and 2017. Of them, 24 received a sole diagnosis of autism and 10 were chosen via purposive sampling. A semi-structured interview guide was created, including readability testing, translation/back-translation, inter-rater agreements, and focus group testing. Parents were informed, consented, interviewed and thematic analysis carried out. Further quantitative data were tabled accordingly. (3) Results: Only one child met World Health Organisation recommendations for physical activity. More children preferred individual sports while parents described more benefits with group sports. Parents’ perceived benefits with group sports included better socialization, while improved levels of self-esteem and coping with anxiety were highlighted benefits for individual sports. Parents felt misunderstood, burnt out, and described a lack of autism-friendly sports facilities, including geographical disproportionation of adequate facilities on the island. Too much screen time was a major parental concern. (4) Conclusion: Recommendations aim to develop sport therapy systems and well-resourced services in Malta. Staff training is recommended to improve service quality.
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Levante, Annalisa, Serena Petrocchi, and Flavia Lecciso. "The Criterion Validity of the First Year Inventory and the Quantitative-CHecklist for Autism in Toddlers: A Longitudinal Study." Brain Sciences 10, no. 10 (October 13, 2020): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100729.
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Pediatric surveillance through screening procedures is needed to detect warning signs of risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder under 24 months of age and to promote early diagnosis and treatment. The main purpose of this study is to extend the literature regarding the psychometric properties of two screening tools, the First Year Inventory (FYI) and the Quantitative-CHecklist for Autism in Toddler (Q-CHAT), testing their criterion validity. They were administered during a three-wave approach involving the general population. At T1, 657 children were tested with the FYI and 36 of them were found to be at risk. At T2, 545 were tested with the Q-CHAT and 29 of them were found to be at risk. At T3, 12 out of the 36 children with a high score on the FYI and 11 out of the 29 children with a high score on the Q-CHAT were compared to 15 typically developing children. The criterion validity was tested considering the severity of the autistic symptoms, emotional/behavioral problems, and limited global functioning as criteria. Accuracy parameters were also calculated. Furthermore, we investigated which dimension of each questionnaire better predicted the aforementioned criterion. The results corroborated the hypotheses and confirmed the criterion validity of FYI and Q-CHAT.
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Nicolson, Rob, Shree Bhalerao, and Leon Sloman. "47,XYY Karyotypes and Pervasive Developmental Disorders." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 6 (August 1998): 619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379804300611.
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Objective: The presence of a 47,XYY karyotype in boys with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) has rarely been described in the past. Herein, 2 boys with PDDs and a supernumerary Y chromosome are presented. Methods: The case histories of the 2 patients are described along with the results of associated testing. The literature on psychosocial development as well as brain morphology and physiology in males with 47,XYY karyotypes is reviewed. Results: Both boys had presentations typical of PDDs, one with autistic disorder and the other with PDD not otherwise specified. Conclusions: The finding that, in a clinic for children with developmental disorders, 2 of 40 male referrals had 47,XYY karyotypes suggests that the rate of this sex chromosome anomaly may be increased in PDDs. An extra Y chromosome may be related to abnormal brain development, which may, in turn, predispose vulnerable males to PDDs.
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EIGSTI, INGE-MARIE, and LOISA BENNETTO. "Grammaticality judgments in autism: Deviance or delay." Journal of Child Language 36, no. 5 (February 19, 2009): 999–1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000909009362.
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ABSTRACTLanguage in autism has been the subject of intense interest, because communication deficits are central to the disorder, and because autism serves as an arena for testing theories of language acquisition. High-functioning older children with autism are often considered to have intact grammatical abilities, despite pragmatic impairments. Given the heterogeneity in language skills at younger ages, this assumption merits further investigation. Participants with autism (n=21, aged nine to seventeen years), matched on chronological age, receptive vocabulary and IQ, to 22 typically developing individuals, completed a grammaticality judgment task. Participants with autism were significantly less sensitive than controls, specifically for third person singular and present progressive marking. Performance interacted with sentence length, with lower sensitivity to errors occurring at the end of the longest stimulus sentences. Performance sensitivity was associated with onset of single word and phrase speech, and with severity of autistic symptomatology. Implications of findings are discussed.
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S, Akila, Priyadharsni P, and Charu Nivedita M. "Suriyanamaskar Enhances Physical Fitness of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21126.
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In the recent past there is an increasing awareness on care for special needs population in India. Among all the disabilities Autism is gaining lot of attention and is found to be of most mainly due to the behavioral deviations of children. It is very important to identify children with autism as early as possible. This article being a scientific paper is being translated in Tamil to create awareness among the urban and rural families about autism, its identification, screening, diagnosis and intervention programs for children with autism. One among the most important traditional, natural, side effect free intervention is Yoga. Autism Spectrum Disorder refers to a group of complex neurodevelopment disorders characterized by repetitive and characteristic patterns of behavior and difficulties with social communication and interaction. The symptoms are present from early childhood and affect daily functioning. Evidence-based treatment options for Autism are limited. The objective of this investigation was to examine the effect of Yoga on selected physical fitness variables of children with autism. 20 high functional autistic children between 6 - 13 years were into yoga intervention for 6 weeks. Initial and final testing on physical fitness variables such as flexibility, coordination and strength were conducted. After of the training period post test was conducted on the dependent variables for both the groups. Based on the results it was concluded that the implication of Yoga practice might have been the source of its dominance on the improvement of physical fitness variables of children with autism.
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Bertoncelli, Carlo M., Paola Altamura, Edgar Ramos Vieira, Sundaraja Sitharama Iyengar, Federico Solla, and Domenico Bertoncelli. "PredictMed: A logistic regression–based model to predict health conditions in cerebral palsy." Health Informatics Journal 26, no. 3 (January 20, 2020): 2105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458219898568.
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Logistic regression–based predictive models are widely used in the healthcare field but just recently are used to predict comorbidities in children with cerebral palsy. This article presents a logistic regression approach to predict health conditions in children with cerebral palsy and a few examples from recent research. The model named PredictMed was trained, tested, and validated for predicting the development of scoliosis, intellectual disabilities, autistic features, and in the present study, feeding disorders needing gastrostomy. This was a multinational, cross-sectional descriptive study. Data of 130 children (aged 12–18 years) with cerebral palsy were collected between June 2005 and June 2015. The logistic regression–based model uses an algorithm implemented in R programming language. After splitting the patients in training and testing sets, logistic regressions are performed on every possible subset (tuple) of independent variables. The tuple that shows the best predictive performance in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity is chosen as a set of independent variables in another logistic regression to calculate the probability to develop the specific health condition (e.g. the need for gastrostomy). The average of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity score was 90%. Our model represents a novelty in the field of some cerebral palsy–related health outcomes treatment, and it should significantly help doctors’ decision-making process regarding patient prognosis.
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Wilson, C. Ellie, and David Saldaña. "No evidence of atypical attentional disengagement in autism: A study across the spectrum." Autism 23, no. 3 (April 17, 2018): 677–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318768025.
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The ability to disengage attention and reengage elsewhere has been proposed as a fundamental deficit in the autism spectrum, potentially disrupting development of higher cognitive domains. Eye-movements were recorded while 16 autism spectrum children of mixed ability, and 18 typically developing age-matched controls, completed the Gap–Overlap paradigm. A significant difference in latency to fixate target was found between Gap and Overlap conditions. A significant interaction with group was due to autism spectrum participants’ shorter latencies to fixate target in the Gap condition, but similar group responses in the Overlap condition. Considerable within-group variability emerged. We predicted that attentional disengaging would be related to specific features of the phenotype; however, there was no evidence of an association with receptive language, non-verbal IQ, sensory behaviors, or autistic severity in autism spectrum or typically developing groups. In conclusion, while atypical visual attention mechanisms may be a feature of autism spectrum, this is not explained by impaired visual disengaging but is more likely due to increased susceptibility of visual fixation offset cueing. Despite best efforts, nine additional autism spectrum children could not complete testing, and data from a further six were unusable; more work is needed to develop research methods that enable individuals across the spectrum to participate.
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Zhao, Wang, and Long Lu. "Research and development of autism diagnosis information system based on deep convolution neural network and facial expression data." Library Hi Tech 38, no. 4 (March 25, 2020): 799–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-08-2019-0176.
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PurposeFacial expression provides abundant information for social interaction, and the analysis and utilization of facial expression data are playing a huge driving role in all areas of society. Facial expression data can reflect people's mental state. In health care, the analysis and processing of facial expression data can promote the improvement of people's health. This paper introduces several important public facial expression databases and describes the process of facial expression recognition. The standard facial expression database FER2013 and CK+ were used as the main training samples. At the same time, the facial expression image data of 16 Chinese children were collected as supplementary samples. With the help of VGG19 and Resnet18 algorithm models of deep convolution neural network, this paper studies and develops an information system for the diagnosis of autism by facial expression data.Design/methodology/approachThe facial expression data of the training samples are based on the standard expression database FER2013 and CK+. FER2013 and CK+ databases are a common facial expression data set, which is suitable for the research of facial expression recognition. On the basis of FER2013 and CK+ facial expression database, this paper uses the machine learning model support vector machine (SVM) and deep convolution neural network model CNN, VGG19 and Resnet18 to complete the facial expression recognition.FindingsIn this study, ten normal children and ten autistic patients were recruited to test the accuracy of the information system and the diagnostic effect of autism. After testing, the accuracy rate of facial expression recognition is 81.4 percent. This information system can easily identify autistic children. The feasibility of recognizing autism through facial expression is verified.Research limitations/implicationsThe CK+ facial expression database contains some adult facial expression images. In order to improve the accuracy of facial expression recognition for children, more facial expression data of children will be collected as training samples. Therefore, the recognition rate of the information system will be further improved.Originality/valueThis research uses facial expression data and the latest artificial intelligence technology, which is advanced in technology. The diagnostic accuracy of autism is higher than that of traditional systems, so this study is innovative. Research topics come from the actual needs of doctors, and the contents and methods of research have been discussed with doctors many times. The system can diagnose autism as early as possible, promote the early treatment and rehabilitation of patients, and then reduce the economic and mental burden of patients. Therefore, this information system has good social benefits and application value.
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Salkić, Naim, Zulfo Ahmetović, Safet Velić, and Lara Krnojelac. "Difficulties of the tactile sensory system sensory integration of children with autism." Technium Social Sciences Journal 27 (January 8, 2022): 502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v27i1.5497.
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Sensory integration represents the organization of the senses for their use. It is a neuro-biological activity that allows the reception and processing of sensory information, which in arrive from the senses in huge quantities into the brain, at any time. The ability of the brain to successfully process tactile information allows the child to feel safe and develop a connection with those around it. An autistic child is not able to register many stimuli from their environment, so insufficient or poor sensory processing can contribute to the image of autism. Children with autism spectrum difficulties have specific difficulties in touch perception. The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of sensory integration difficulties of the tactile sensory system of children with autism spectrum disorders, and to establish the statistical significance of differences in relation to children without developmental difficulties. The total sample of subjects (N=30) consisted of two subsamples. The first subsample of subjects (N=15) consisted of children with difficulties from the autism spectrum, and the second subsample of subjects (N=15) consisted of children without developmental difficulties. The measurement instrument was the „Questionnaire for testing tactile sensory sensitivity“ with 11 variables and the offered answers of possible sensory response was applied. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon W test at the level of statistical significance of p<0.05 were used to examine the statistical significance of the differences between the subsamples of the subjects. The results of the study showed that 86.67 % of children with autism have difficulties in sensory integration of the tactile sensory system. The hypersensitive type of sensory response has 26.67 %, and the hyposensitive sensory response 20 % of children with autism. 40.00 % of children with autism have a mixed type of tactile sensory. There is a statistically significant difference between children with autism and children without developmental difficulties on 4 variables.
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Elhaddadi, Mounia, Houriya Maazouz, Nabil Alami, Moulay M'hammed Drissi, Coffi Sèdégnan Mènon, Mohamed Latifi, and Ahmed Omar Touhami Ahami. "SERIOUS GAMES TO TEACH EMOTION RECOGNITION TO CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS (ASD)." Acta Neuropsychologica 19, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7569.
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The serious game "JeStiMulE" (Educational Game for Multisensory Stimulation of Children with developmental disorders), developed by the Autism Resources Center of Nice, was created to teach social cognition including emotion recognition for children and adolescents with autism. The purpose of our study is to investigate the effectiveness of the serious game JESTIMULE in remediating recognition' deficits of emotional facial expressions (EFE) in autistic children. Thirty-two Moroccan children and adolescents were recruited for this study. All participants received a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Diseases, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-R) criteria for ASD, as well as the Rimland Checklist E2. IQ level has been assessed by using Raven's Progressive Matrices as an IQ testing scale. The participants received two one-hour JeStiMulE sessions per week over four weeks. Game data were collected for each participant. The Faces test was used to quantify the progression of the ability to recognize emotions in our subjects. The results of the descriptive analyses showed suitable adaptability, effectiveness and efficiency of JeStiMulE. In Faces test, a significant difference between scores of the Pre-intervention and Post-intervention (Z= -3.58, p<0.001), in favour of the Post-intervention (M=23.22, SD=2.96 versus M=27.27, SD=2.77). That indicate that participants were more accurate at recognizing emotions after JeStiMulE. In addition, a main effect of type of autism was found for the facial scale (H = 6.673, ddl = 2, p = 0.036). High-functioning autism were significantly better than Low-functioning autism at recognizing emotions from faces in both Pre-intervention and Post-intervention. With such non-verbal tool, training could start early. Thus, early management, the more the progression in the recognition and imitation of facial expressions is important, the more we gain autonomy and social integration just in time to begin school.
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Ikermane, Mohamed, and Abdelkrim El Mouatasim. "Web-based autism screening using facial images and convolutional neural network." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i2.pp1140-1147.
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Developmental disabilities such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affect a person’s ability to interact socially, and communicate effectively and also cause behavioral issues. Children with ASD cannot be cured but they might benefit from early intervention to enhance their cognitive abilities, favorite their growth , and affect their lives and families in a positive way. Multiple standard ASD screening tools are used such as the autism diagnostic observational schedule (ADOS) and the autism diagnostic interview (ADI), which are known to be lengthy and challenging without specialist training to administrate and score. The process of ASD assessment can be time-consuming and costly, and the growing number of autistic cases worldwide indicates an urgent need for a quick, simple, and dependable self-administered autism screening tool that may be used if a child displays some of the common signs of autism, and to ensure whether or not he should seek professional full ASD diagnosis. According to a number of studies, ASD individuals exhibit facial phenotypes that are distinct from those of normally developing children. Furthermore, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have mostly found utility in image classification applications due to their high classification accuracy. Using facial images, a dense convolutional network (Densenet) model, and cloud-based advantages, in this paper we proposed a practical, fast, and easy-to-use ASD online screening approach. Easily available through the internet via the link “https://asd-detector.herokuapp.com/”, our suggested web-based screening instrument may be a practical and trustworthy tool for practitioners in their ASD diagnostic procedures with a 98 percent testing dataset classification accuracy.
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Amernik, Katarzyna, Kazimierz Niemczyk, Renata Twardowska, and Ewa Jaworowska. "Petrosectomy in cochlear implant surgery." Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny 9, no. 2 (May 21, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1374.
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Introduction: Surgical treatment of deep heating loss with cochlear implant is well know and successful method which can be used both in children and adults. In patients with cholesteatoma or who underwent surgery canal wall down technique special surgical approach schooled be used – lateral/subtotal petrosectomy. Material and method: Patients witch deep bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and cholesteatoma of middle ear or after treatment of cholesteatoma with canal wall down mastoidectomy were included in the study. Retrospective analysis of patient’s data, radiological and audiological testing was performed. Results: In Department of otolaryngology for Children and Adults and Oncologic Laryngology Pomeranian University of Medicine between 2008 and 2018 90 surgeries of cochlear implantations were performed and among which 3 petrosectomies in one child (5years old) and two adults aged 62 and 73 years old who underwent canal wall down mastoidectomy in the past. In all patients single stage procedure was used, petrosectomy with cochlear implantation. Wound healing an postoperative period was uneventful in all cases. Follow up ranges from 26 to 32 months, in control computer tomography there is lack of indirect signs of recurrence of cholesteatoma. In a child, who accordingly is autistic and mentally retardated, good hearing result is observed and speech understanding, without spontaneous speech. In adult patients in free field audiometry hearing level is 35 and 40dB with speech understanding 80%. Discussion: Patients with chronic ear inflammation can be successfully and safely treated with cochlear implantation using petrosectomy technique. Subtotal/lateral petrosectomy is a method of choice when deep sensorineural hearing loss coexists with chronic inflammatory changes of the middle ear.
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Xie, Yingmei, Hui Wang, Bing Hu, Xueli Zhang, Aiping Liu, Chunquan Cai, Shijun Li, et al. "Dendritic Spine in Autism Genetics: Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifying De Novo Variant of CTTNBP2 in a Quad Family Affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder." Children 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10010080.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects around 1% of children with no effective blood test or cure. Recent studies have suggested that these are neurological disorders with a strong genetic basis and that they are associated with the abnormal formation of dendritic spines. Chromosome microarray (CMA) together with high-throughput sequencing technology has been used as a powerful tool to identify new candidate genes for ASD. In the present study, CMA was first used to scan for genome-wide copy number variants in a proband, and no clinically significant copy number variants were found. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used further for genetic testing of the whole quad family affected by ASD, including the proband, his non-autistic sister, and his parents. Sanger sequencing and MassARRAY-based validation were used to identify and confirm variants associated with ASD. WES yielded a 151-fold coverage depth for each sample. A total of 98.65% of the targeted whole-exome region was covered at >20-fold depth. A de novo variant in CTTNBP2, p.M115T, was identified. The CTTNBP2 gene belongs to a family of ankyrin repeat domain-containing proteins associated with dendritic spine formation. Although CTTNBP2 has been associated with ASD, limited studies have been developed to identify clinically relevant de novo mutations of CTTNBP2 in children with ASD; family-based WES successfully identified a clinically relevant mutation in the CTTNBP2 gene in a quad family affected by ASD. Considering the neuron-specific expression of CTTNBP2 and its role in dendritic spine formation, our results suggest a correlation between the CTTNBP2 mutation and ASD, providing genetic evidence for ASD spine pathology. Although the present study is currently insufficient to support the assertion that the de novo mutation M115T in CTTNBP2 directly causes the autism phenotype, our study provides support for the assertion that this mutation is a candidate clinically relevant variant in autism.
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Maltsev, D. V. "The folate-centric concept of pathogenesis and GBINC personalized multidisciplinary approach to the clinical management of children with neuropsychiatric syndromes. Review." Ukrainian Neurological Journal, no. 3—4 (December 19, 2022): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/unj2022-3-5.
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Solving the problem of children’s neuropsychiatric diseases is a priority task of modern medicine. The latest scientific achievements in the field of genetics, molecular biology and immunology, which demonstrate biochemical and immune‑dependent ways of formation of human neuropsychiatric disorders, shed light on the mechanisms of brain damage in children with ASD. These research give reason for optimism about overcoming this severe psychiatric pathology in the future thanks to the implementation of genetic, biochemical and immunodiagnostic approaches, as well as metabolic and immunotherapeutic interventions with neuroprotective effects. Currently, the folate‑centric concept of polygenic inheritance of predisposition to the development of neuropsychiatric syndromes in children with multisystem damage has been established. Biochemical and immune‑dependent (infectious, autoimmune, immunoinflammatory, and allergic) pathways of microbe‑induced autoimmune inflammatory encephalopathy with neuropsychiatric clinical manifestations are discussed in the context of the folate‑centric concept. Taking into account the new data, two personalized multidisciplinary approaches to the management of children with ASD and other neuropsychiatric syndromes are proposed. The first approach of J. J. Bradstreet et al. (2010) is based on the empirical analysis of a large group of laboratory biomarkers, the relevance of which has been demonstrated in clinical studies, and the targeted correction of abnormalities identified by biomarkers (so‑called biomarker‑guided interventions). In 2022, Frye R. developed a multidisciplinary personalized approach called BaS‑BiSTOR (collect Baseline data, search for Symptoms, measure Biomarkers, Select Treatment, Observe for Response), which systematizes and stratifies diagnostic and treatment interventions based on the assessment of biomarkers. In order to improve existing recommendations regarding specific subtypes of neuropsychiatric syndromes in children, this article proposes an improved personalized multidisciplinary approach to the clinical management of patients with autistic spectrum disorders and neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with genetic deficiency of the folate cycle, called GBINS (Genetic‑Biochemical‑Immunological‑Neurological‑Symptomatic evaluation). There are reasons to believe that the successful testing in clinical practice of evidence‑based personalized multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment strategies will allow making a breakthrough in the clinical management of children with severe mental disorders in the near future, which will provide not only the possibility of recovery from a prognostically unfavorable and currently incurable neuropsychiatric disorder, but also and will contribute to stopping the large‑scale threatening epidemic of neuropsychiatric syndromes in the modern child population.
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Dolgopolov, I. S., L. Yu Grivtsova, O. K. Ustinova, and M. Yu Rykov. "Primary immunodeficiency in a patient with Kabuki syndrome." Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) 67, no. 6 (January 8, 2023): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2022-67-6-104-112.
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Kabuki syndrome is a well-known disease characterized by postnatal growth failure, dysmorphic facial features, skeletal abnormalities, and mental retardation associated with one of the pathogenic mutations in the KMT2D or KDM6A genes. At least 50% of individuals with Kabuki syndrome tend to develop recurrent infections and immune abnormalities, primarily hypogammaglobulinemia. The article describes the clinical course of resistant infectious syndrome in an 18-month-old child without typical dysmorphic and dermatoglyphic manifestations characteristic of Kabuki syndrome. A long history of resistant bacterial infection, enterocolitis, microcephaly, autistic-like behavior, hyperkinetic disorder, CT scan patterns of granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD), suggested the immunodeficiency as part of a hereditary genetically determined syndrome. At the same time, the patient did not experience hypogammaglobulinemia characteristic of Kabuki syndrome. The upper normal response to previously received vaccination and a polyclonal repertoire of B-lymphocytes indicated the absence of disturbances in the humoral immunity. Immunophenotyping revealed the absence of T-regulatory cells (CD4+CD25++CD127–) as well as effector NK cells (CD16+CD56+CD3–) in the peripheral blood. The significant reduction of CD4+CD3+ T-lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ index was observed. In addition, no expression of integrin-beta (CD18) on neutrophils revealed.Conclusion. In children under the age of 2, Kabuki syndrome may present difficulties for clinical diagnosis due to the absence of distinctive phenotypic signs. Patients with mental disorders, congenital malformations, recurrent infections suspected of immunodeficiency should be carried out using molecular genetic exploration, including testing for mutations in the KMT2D and KDM6A.
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Lord, Catherine, James B. McCauley, Lauren A. Pepa, Marisela Huerta, and Andrew Pickles. "Work, living, and the pursuit of happiness: Vocational and psychosocial outcomes for young adults with autism." Autism 24, no. 7 (May 20, 2020): 1691–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320919246.
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Longitudinal data on the functioning of adults referred for possible autism as children are sparse and possibly different from datasets consisting of adult clinical referrals. A total of 123 young adults, mean age of 26, referred for neurodevelopmental disorders in early childhood were categorized into three outcome groups: autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis at some point and current intelligence quotient (IQ) ⩾ 70 (Ever ASD-Higher IQ), ever ASD and current IQ < 70 (Ever ASD-Lower IQ), and individuals who never received an ASD diagnosis (Never ASD). Independence and well-being were assessed through direct testing, questionnaires, and interviews. Verbal IQ, beyond intellectual disability status, accounted for group differences in employment; autistic features (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Calibrated Severity Score) were uniquely related to adaptive skills and friendships. In many ways, the Never ASD group had similar outcomes compared to the ASD groups. However, lower well-being and fewer positive emotions were related to ASD diagnosis across IQ. The Ever ASD-Lower IQ group had the highest levels of irritability, hyperactivity, and medications. Families played a major role in supporting adults with and without ASD at all intellectual levels. Realistic ways of increasing independence should be developed through working with adults and their families, while acknowledging the contribution of individual differences in mental health, intelligence, and autism symptoms across neurodevelopmental disorders. Lay abstract It is important to better understand how adults with autism are functioning in adulthood. Studies that have tracked individuals across the lifespan can help identify developmental factors influence differences in adult outcomes. The present study examines the independence, well-being, and functioning of 123 adults that have been closely followed since early childhood. Autism diagnosis and cognitive assessments were given frequently throughout childhood and during adulthood. We examined differences between adults who had received an autism diagnosis at some point with higher cognitive abilities (Ever ASD-High IQ) and lower cognitive abilities (Ever ASD-Low IQ), as well as adults who never received a diagnosis of autism in the course of the study (Never ASD). We found that autistic features specifically related to adaptive skills and friendships, and verbal intelligence related to work outcomes. In many ways, the Never ASD group had similar outcomes compared to the ASD groups. However, adults with ASD tended to have lower well-being and fewer positive emotions. Families played a major role in supporting adults with and without ASD at all intellectual levels. The findings suggest that realistic ways of increasing independence need to be developed by working with adults and their families, while acknowledging the contribution of individual differences in mental health, intelligence and autism symptoms across neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Milovanova, O. A., O. A. Коmissarovа, T. Yu Tarakanova, S. V. Bugry, and G. G. Avakyan. "Epileptic manifestations, cognitive impairment and autism spectrum disorders in patients with agenesis of the corpus callosum: the results of neuropsychological testing." Epilepsia and paroxyzmal conditions 10, no. 4 (March 1, 2019): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333.2018.10.4.008-016.
Full textAbstract:
Aim. To assess the epileptic, cognitive and autistic manifestations of agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) in children.Material and methods. Clinical characteristics of 31 patients (median age 6.6±0.9 years) with ACC were studied. Group I included patients with combined ACC and epilepsy manifestations (n=12); among them, patients with atypical children’s autism (n=3), genetically confirmed Aicardi syndrome (n=3), microdeletion of the 3X long shoulder (n=1), and Miller-Dieker syndrome (n=1). Group II included patients with combined ACC without epilepsy (n=12); among them: children with autism caused by an organic brain disorder (n=2), genetically confirmed Mowat-Wilson syndrome (n=1), and microcephaly (n=1). In Group III, there were patients with isolated ACC without epilepsy (n=7). All patients underwent a neurologic examination, an assessment of the mental status, and a neuropsychological testing that included diagnostic neuropsychological tests according to Skvortsov et al. (2000), a neuropsychological survey and calculation of the lateral preference according to Semenovich et al. (2002), a test for the dominant hemisphere according to Yassman et al. (1999), as well as brain EEG and MRI.Results. In 75% of patients in Group I, symptomatic focal epilepsy was diagnosed (frontal-temporal – 4, frontal – 3, temporal – 2). Among other findings: 58% – complex partial seizures, 41.6% – complex partial seizures with secondary generalization, 16.7% – generalized seizures and their combination. In 16.7% of patients, there were atypical febrile seizures at the epilepsy debut with further transformation into symptomatic focal epilepsy of temporal localization. In 25% of patients in Group I, the neurogenetic Aicardi syndrome manifested in infantile (tonic) seizures up 10-20 attacks a day (symptomatic West syndrome). In 3 patients of Group I, atypical infantile autism was associated with symptomatic focal epilepsy (frontal-temporal – 2 and frontal – 1); 2 patients of Group II had infantile autism caused by an organic brain disease. In patients from Group I, the minimum value of the highest mental functions (HMF) score ranged from 25 to 51 (on average, Me =26.5) indicating severe cognitive disorders. In patients of Group III, the total HMF score varied from 77.5 to 87 (on average, Me =81) indicating mild cognitive disorders. Upon an inter-group comparison, patients with ACC associated with cerebral defects showed moderate to severe HMF disturbances (p < 0.002). The focal/multifocal epileptiform activity was recorded in 8 (67%) patients of Group I. In brain MRI scans of all patients of Group I, ACC was combined with various congenital development defects; in 3 (25%) patients of Group II, the structural lesions were dominated by congenital (hemispheric, arachnoid) cysts.Conclusion. Patients in Groups I and II have combined cerebral pathology with a predominance of combined congenital malformations, mainly associated with abnormal neuronal migration that negatively impacts the prognosis. In 75% of patients with combined ACC associated with temporal or frontal epilepsy, a highly severe cognitive deficiency was found; in 72% of cases of isolated ACC, mild cognitive disorders with a rather favorable prognosis were noted.
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Reichelt, K. L. "Can the pathophysiology of autism be explained by the nature of the discovered urine peptides and dietary antigens?" European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.840.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeA: 1. To develop the urine analysis for exorphins for routine use in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).2. Disorders where patient related validation must be carried out: schizophrenia, depression (uni- and bipolar) and autism.MethodA: HPLC-MS/MS (fragmentation mass spectrometry) technology.With both a specific HPLC retention time and MS/MS (fragmentation) this method is close to an absolute technique for peptide recognition.B: ELISA against specific proteins (gliadin, gluten and casein and transglutaminase 6) (Table 1 og 2).BackgroundA: schizophrenia: increased opioid peptide levels have been found in Schizophrenia using HPLC, immune assay and behavioral tests. [1–6] as part of a general peptide increase in urine. Since peptides are signaling compounds inhibition of peptidases during transport and work up of samples is critical to prevent break down, which is as expected fast at room temperature.Strongly supporting is view is the data on postpartum psychoses (a very symptom rich psychosis) where also amino acid sequence of human casomorphin found increased, has been done [7–8]. The opioids can explain most of the symptoms of the psychotic schizophrenic state [6]. It is of paramount importance then to measure these peptides in carefully diagnosed patients on and without medication, in urine, blood and spinal fluid.As can be seen in Table 1, it is important to measure IgA and IgG antibodies against the precursor proteins for the exorphins, which are found increased by several groups, and also have direct effects on the nervous system [9].B. In depression increase levels of peptides has been found [18,28,29] and also opioid levels measured as opium receptor binding peptides [28]. In schizoaffective psychosis MS/MS exact detection of exorphins have been published [6]. Also in this syndrome it is critical to be able to measure the exorphins in blood and CSF, especially since the peptidases involved in break down of exorphins are decreased in depressions [30,31]. Inflammatory interleukins are also increased in depressions both uni- and bipolar [32] indicative of inflammatory processes probably in the gut. Inflammatory interleukins increase the permeability of epithelial membranes [33].C. Autism. Considerable work has been done using HPLC with UV detection and co-chromatography [12,34–40]. However, with HPLC–MS/MS we can ensure that we are measuring only the exorphins and not chromatographically similar peaks that hide inside the main peak [41–43]. We therefore need to validate the new method in autism for both urine, blood and CSF (CSF collected only when spinal tap has to be done in any case).Inhibition of break down in urine, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)After extensive testing we have been left with three inhibitors. Citric acid 0.2 M; acetic acid 0.2 M and aprotenine [44,45].These body fluids will be provided by Prof Dr E. Severance and Prof Dr R. Yolken (Johns Hopkins Univ.) and Prof Dr. Cunningham (Uppsala Univ. Sweden). Lab 1 provides monovettes with citric acid as peptidase inhibitor for urine collection. Blood will be collected in EDTA – aprotenin vacuum test tubes (Vacutainer) as will be CSF.HPLC and MS/MS detection.The amount of urine analyzed on the HPLC after work up = 250 nanomles creatinine. To pick out generally active peptides in any one disorder, five and five autistic children or schizophrenic derived and depressive derived urines are mixed, creatinine re-determined and rerun. Peaks that are common to all patients increase or remain the same, while individual peaks of material on the HPLC runs are diluted out.The complete procedure is published in detail [48]. If we use reporter ions we do not have to match all the peaks as shown in attached figures. On Fig. 1, synthetic bovine β-casomorphine 1-4 (Y-P-F-P) is compared to biologically isolated compound from a batch of five autistic children. On Fig. 2, the faster routine analysis using reporter ions is shown for bovine β-casomorhne 1-4. Top trace is synthetic casomorphin 1-4 and bottom trace is biologically isolated compound. The complete analysis for a series of opioids is published [48].Program is then in sequence:– A: further validation of method for urine in the different disorders;– B: validation of method for blood in the same disorders;– C: validation of method for CSF (spinal fluid) in schizophrenics and depressive patients.NB.To avoid overlooking new compounds a complete HPLC run with UV 215 nm (peptide bonds); 280 nm (aromatic groups) and 325 nm (Indolyl-acryloid) shall be run for urines. If sufficient serum is available and spinal fluid these will also be run on HPLC in addition to MS/MS detection.Antibody assays will be done at Johns Hopkins using ELISA, Transglutaminase 6 antibodies at Lab 1 also using ELISA assay.Figures and references not available in the abstract.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Dias Caldeira, Francois Isnaldo, Leandro Araujo Fernandes, and Daniela Coelho De Lima. "A utilização do P-CPQ na percepção da qualidade de vida em saúde bucal na visão de pais e cuidadores: uma revisão." ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 9, no. 6 (November 13, 2020): 576–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v9i6.4946.
Full textAbstract:
O questionário de percepção de pais e cuidadores (P-CPQ) está se tornando uma ferramenta crescente e positiva na detecção das doenças bucais pediátricas na visão de pais e cuidadores. O objetivo desta revisão foi avaliar a utilização do instrumento P-CPQ na detecção das doenças bucais infanto-juvenis que interfere significativamente na qualidade de vida. Foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas no banco de dados PubMed Medline correlacionando as estratégias de buscas por palavras-chaves em artigos que utilizaram o P-CPQ como instrumento da avaliação da qualidade de vida em saúde bucal. Dos 107 artigos iniciais, foram excluídos 68, totalizando a busca final de 39 artigos que foram incluídos para a leitura completa do texto. As condições investigadas na qualidade de vida na visão de pais e cuidadores são: uso de aparelhos ortodônticos; maloclusões; cárie dentária; defeitos no esmalte dental; condições periodontais; pacientes especiais e tratamentos dentário sobre anestesia geral.O instrumento P-CPQ parecer ser um indicador sensível para mensurar a qualidade de vida em saúde bucal na visão de pais e cuidadores em diversas condições de saúde bucal.
Descritores: Qualidade de Vida; Criança; Cuidadores.
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Bravou, Vasiliki, Despoina Oikonomidou, and Athanasios Drigas. "Applications of Virtual Reality for Autism Inclusion. A review (Aplicaciones de la realidad virtual para la inclusión del autism. Una revisión)." Retos 45 (May 6, 2022): 779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v45i0.92078.
Full textAbstract:
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder present several difficulties in social interaction, communication obstacles and restricted and repeated behaviors. Social connection with others is typically challenging for them, and they are frequently unsure of how to react to other people's emotions, facial expressions, and movements of their body, and especially of how to respond to various social circumstances. Recent review studies regarding VR for children with ASD have found that most of the relevant interventions aimed at improving social and emotional skills, as well as common activities of everyday life. In this work, we are going to present studies of the most current applications of VR technologies to the education of students with ASD with the aim to gain an updated overview of the use of VR in this field. A thorough search was conducted in Scopus and Pubmed databases, as well as through Google Scholar, using the keywords ‘Virtual Reality’, ‘Autism Spectrum Disorder’, ‘application’, ‘intervention’, ‘students’, ‘education’ and their combinations, for the period 2015–2021. Our search was limited to studies presented in English. A total of eight (8) studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the results we described were positive and quite encouraging, as the deficits in these domains are life- determining for individuals with ASD. Given that many barriers (e.g., regarding cost and comfort issues) to using the VR technologies have been overcome, more effort should be put to the production of wider and more robust experimental research in the specific field, as well as to the testing of generalizability issues in real life.
Resumen. Los niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista presentan varias dificultades en la interacción social, obstáculos en la comunicación y comportamientos restringidos y repetitivos. La conexión social con los demás suele ser un reto para ellos, y con frecuencia no saben cómo reaccionar ante las emociones, las expresiones faciales y los movimientos del cuerpo de otras personas, y sobre todo cómo responder a diversas circunstancias sociales. Los estudios de revisión recientes relativos a la RV para niños con TEA han encontrado que la mayoría de las intervenciones relevantes se dirigen a mejorar las habilidades sociales y emocionales, así como las actividades comunes de la vida diaria. En este trabajo, vamos a presentar estudios sobre las aplicaciones más actuales de las tecnologías de RV a la educación de alumnos con TEA con el objetivo de obtener una visión actualizada del uso de la RV en este campo. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en las bases de datos Scopus y Pubmed, así como a través de Google Scholar, utilizando las palabras clave "Realidad Virtual", "Trastorno del Espectro Autista", "aplicación", "intervención", "estudiantes", "educación" y sus combinaciones, para el periodo 2015-2021. Nuestra búsqueda se limitó a los estudios presentados en inglés. La mayoría de los resultados que describimos fueron positivos y bastante alentadores, ya que los déficits en estos dominios son determinantes para la vida de los individuos con TEA. Dado que se han superado muchas barreras (por ejemplo, en relación con el coste y los problemas de comodidad) para el uso de las tecnologías de RV, se debería poner más empeño en la producción de una investigación experimental más amplia y sólida en el campo específico, así como en la comprobación de los problemas de generalización en la vida real.
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Hellquist, Anna, and Kristiina Tammimies. "Access, utilization, and awareness for clinical genetic testing in autism spectrum disorder in Sweden: A survey study." Autism, December 28, 2021, 136236132110661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211066130.
Full textAbstract:
Clinical genetic testing is recommended for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. There are only a few reports of how these recommendations are followed and especially missing for European countries. We aimed to analyze the rate of access, utilization, and awareness of clinical genetic testing among autistic individuals in Sweden through online surveys targeting parents with at least one autistic child and autistic adolescents (from 15 years) and adults. In total, 868 parents of autistic children and 213 autistic adolescents or adults completed the survey. Only 9.1% ( n = 79) of parents and 2.8% ( n = 6) of autistic adolescents/adults reported having received a referral for clinical genetic testing after autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. The autistic children offered a referral were younger at diagnosis ( p < 0.001) and more likely to have an additional neurodevelopmental diagnosis ( p < 0.01), including intellectual disability ( p < 0.001) or a language disorder ( p < 0.001). Genetic counseling was provided to less than half of the families that were referred for clinical genetic testing. Finally, we report that both respondent groups preferred to be informed by written text and an expert in genetics about clinical genetic testing. This study highlights a lack of awareness and access to clinical genetic testing after autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in Sweden and demonstrates the need for additional studies on how clinical guidelines for genetic testing are followed in different countries. Lay abstract Several medical professional societies recommend clinical genetic testing for autistic individuals as many genetic conditions are linked to autism. However, it is unclear to what extent autistic individuals and parents of autistic children are offered clinical genetic testing. We conducted a community-based survey to estimate the access, utilization, and awareness for clinical genetic testing in Sweden. In total, 868 parents of autistic children and 213 autistic adolescents or adults participated as respondents. The referral rate for clinical genetic testing after autism spectrum disorder diagnosis was low, with only 9.1% for the autistic children as reported by their parents and 2.8% for autistic adolescents/adults. The autistic children who got referrals were more likely to have intellectual disability and language disorder. We also report that awareness of the clinical genetic testing possibility was low in both respondent groups. We also highlight preferred communication means and needs for information before clinical genetic testing. Our results show that utilization and access are low in Sweden, and more studies should be conducted to report these rates in different countries to analyze the effects of clinical genetic testing on healthcare for autistic individuals. Our results highlight the most important information for the families and how the information should be communicated prior to clinical genetic testing.
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"Autivid: A Mobile Application to Improve Daily Living Skills of Autistic Children through Video Modeling." Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences, May 1, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55057/ajress.2022.4.1.24.
Full textAbstract:
Digital technology has made a substantial contribution to the development of daily life abilities in Autistic children. Children learn a range of abilities depending on what they see, with information received through the sense of sight being recorded, explained, analysed, and merged to form a complete picture of what we're trying to learn. Many of these Autistic children, on the other hand, rely on their parents or guardians to carry out their everyday activities. Pictures are ineffectual as videos since most of the existing educational content for autistic children is in the form of visuals. The objective of this study is to provide information about the development and usability testing of a mobile app for autistic children. AutiVid is a video modelling application for teaching daily living skills to autistic children using a mobile application, as described in this study. AutiVid was created with Figma. Three teachers and three autistic children participated in usability testing of the app. The findings may also motivate educators to investigate and evaluate the possibility of combining video modelling into the design of daily living activities, as well as to develop mobile apps to address the complex needs of autistic children's teaching and learning.