Journal articles on the topic 'Authorship search'
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Ferreira, Manuel Portugal, Christian Daniel Falaster, Cláudia Sofia Frias Pinto, and Renata Canela. "Publishing in co-authorship: A comparison of the motivations between more and less prolific Management scholars in Brazil." Administração: Ensino e Pesquisa 21, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 56–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.13058/raep.2020.v21n2.1576.
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In this study, we investigate what more and less prolific scholars – that publish more or less scientific articles – search for in their co-authorship ties. Specifically, we seek to understand if and how there are differences in the motivations presiding to co-authorship between more and less prolific researchers. Research on co-authorship is of interest to the academia, since the majority of the articles are published in co-authorship and co-authorships may have an important impact in the scholars’ career. We have collected survey data with 171 Brazilian management faculty, about their motivations, pressures, and choices for co-authorship. We identify significant differences on the perceived pressures to publish, source of pressure, motivations to work in co-authorship and the contributions warranting co-authorship across more and less prolific researchers. We contribute to the debate on the development of scholars and the formation of co-authorship ties, suggesting that co-authorship may be strategically managed and evolving along the professional path of the researchers, and leaving the possibility that scholars’ networks of co-authorship evolve strategically as they seek different goals.
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Gupta, Amar, Hani Rayess, Kevin Black, Michael Carron, and Michael Nissan. "Otoplasty Online Information: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Websites and Videos that Patients View Regarding Cosmetic Ear Surgery." Facial Plastic Surgery 34, no. 01 (December 26, 2017): 082–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615280.
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AbstractPhysicians should be aware of both websites and videos available online regarding the otoplasty procedure to provide quality care. This study systematically analyzes the authorships, reliability, quality, and readability of the websites, as well as the authorships and primary objectives of the videos regarding otoplasty. Validated instruments were used to analyze the reliability, quality, and readability of websites, and videos were systematically categorized and analyzed. A Google search was conducted, and the first five pages of results were included in this study. After excluding unrelated websites, the remaining 44 websites were categorized by authorship (physician, patient, academic, or unaffiliated) and were analyzed using the validated DISCERN instrument for reliability and quality, as well as various other validated instruments to measure readability. A YouTube search was also conducted, and the first 50 relevant videos were included in the study. These videos were categorized by authorship and their primary objective. Website authorships were physician-dominated. Reliability, quality, and overall DISCERN score differ between the four authorship groups by a statistically significant margin (Kruskall–Wallis test, p < 0.05). Unaffiliated websites were the most reliable, and physician websites were the least reliable. Academic websites were of the highest quality, and patient websites were of the lowest quality. Readability did not differ significantly between the groups, though the readability measurements made showed a general lack of material easily readable by the general public. YouTube was likewise dominated by physician-authored videos. While the physician-authored videos sought mainly to inform and to advertise, patient-authored videos sought mainly to provide the patient's perspective. Academic organizations showed very little representation on YouTube, and the YouTube views on otoplasty videos were dominated by the top 20 videos, which represented over 93% of the total views of videos included in this study.
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Medina, Anderson Matos. "Why do ecologists search for co-authorships? Patterns of co-authorship networks in ecology (1977–2016)." Scientometrics 116, no. 3 (July 9, 2018): 1853–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2835-2.
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Wu, Wei-Ling, Owen Tan, Kwok-Fong Chan, Nicole Bernadette Ong, David Gunasegaran, and Samuel Ken-En Gan. "Authorship Weightage Algorithm for Academic Publications: A New Calculation and ACES Webserver for Determining Expertise." Methods and Protocols 4, no. 2 (June 9, 2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps4020041.
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Despite the public availability, finding experts in any field when relying on academic publications can be challenging, especially with the use of jargons. Even after overcoming these issues, the discernment of expertise by authorship positions is often also absent in the many publication-based search platforms. Given that it is common in many academic fields for the research group lead or lab head to take the position of the last author, some of the existing authorship scoring systems that assign a decreasing weightage from the first author would not reflect the last author correctly. To address these problems, we incorporated natural language processing (Common Crawl using fastText) to retrieve related keywords when using jargons as well as a modified authorship positional scoring that allows the assignment of greater weightage to the last author. The resulting output is a ranked scoring system of researchers upon every search that we implemented as a webserver for internal use called the APD lab Capability & Expertise Search (ACES).
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Kriukova, Ekaterina B., and Oxana A. Koval. "Six Thinkers in Search of the Author." Studia Litterarum 5, no. 3 (2020): 44–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2020-5-2-44-67.
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The article presents a survey of the 20th century intellectual quests related to the problem of the author and her status. The question of authorship becomes a key issue in the modern era for both philosophy and literature. On the one hand, both fields reflect upon the authorship as their own intrinsic principle, on the other hand, both literature and philosophy question the privileged position of the author as the sole meaning-maker. The undertaken comparison of the original interpretations of the prominent 20th century thinkers allows us: (1) to demonstrate how the ideological content of the concept itself has changed, the author being labeled as a co-participant, producer, collective subject, function within discourse, non-reader, and witness; (2) to introduce different strategies of understanding the author’s figure, depending on the chosen point of view; (3) to trace the logic of the transition from the modern to the postmodern through the explication of relations between the author and the character (M. Bakhtin), the author and his work (W. Benjamin), the author and popular culture (T. Adorno), the author and the discourse (M. Foucault), the author and the letter (M. Blanchot), and the author and the Other (G. Agamben).
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Kriukova, Ekaterina B., and Oxana A. Koval. "Six Thinkers in Search of the Author." Studia Litterarum 5, no. 3 (2020): 44–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2020-5-3-44-67.
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The article presents a survey of the 20th century intellectual quests related to the problem of the author and her status. The question of authorship becomes a key issue in the modern era for both philosophy and literature. On the one hand, both fields reflect upon the authorship as their own intrinsic principle, on the other hand, both literature and philosophy question the privileged position of the author as the sole meaning-maker. The undertaken comparison of the original interpretations of the prominent 20th century thinkers allows us: (1) to demonstrate how the ideological content of the concept itself has changed, the author being labeled as a co-participant, producer, collective subject, function within discourse, non-reader, and witness; (2) to introduce different strategies of understanding the author’s figure, depending on the chosen point of view; (3) to trace the logic of the transition from the modern to the postmodern through the explication of relations between the author and the character (M. Bakhtin), the author and his work (W. Benjamin), the author and popular culture (T. Adorno), the author and the discourse (M. Foucault), the author and the letter (M. Blanchot), and the author and the Other (G. Agamben).
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Sharmila D , A. V. Pra.bu, N. Selvaganesh,. "AUTHORSHIP VERIFICATION USING MODIFIED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 4262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1492.
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Digital forensics is the study of recovery and investigation of the materials found in digital devices, mainly in computers. Forensic authorship analysis is a branch of digital forensics. It includes tasks such as authorship attribution, authorship verification, and author profiling. In Authorship verification, with a given a set of sample documents D written by an author A and an unknown document d, the task is to find whether document d is written by A or not. Authorship verification has been previously done using genetic algorithms, SVM classifiers, etc. The existing system creates an ensemble model by combining the features based on the similarity scores, and the parameter optimization was done using a grid search. The accuracy of verification using the grid search method is 62.14%. The time complexity is high as the system tries all possible combinations of the features during the ensemble model's construction. In the proposed work, Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) is used to construct the classification model in the training phase, instead of the ensemble model. In addition to the combination of linguistic and character features, Average Sentence Length is used to improve the verification task accuracy. The accuracy of verification has been improved to 63.38%.
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Schellinger, Jana, Kerry Sewell, Jamie E. Bloss, Tristan Ebron, and Carrie Forbes. "The effect of librarian involvement on the quality of systematic reviews in dental medicine." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): e0256833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256833.
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Objectives To determine whether librarian or information specialist authorship is associated with better reproducibility of the search, at least three databases searched, and better reporting quality in dental systematic reviews (SRs). Methods SRs from the top ten dental research journals (as determined by Journal Citation Reports and Scimago) were reviewed for search quality and reproducibility by independent reviewers using two Qualtrics survey instruments. Data was reviewed for all SRs based on reproducibility and librarian participation and further reviewed for search quality of reproducible searches. Results Librarians were co-authors in only 2.5% of the 913 included SRs and librarians were mentioned or acknowledged in only 9% of included SRs. Librarian coauthors were associated with more reproducible searches, higher search quality, and at least three databases searched. Although the results indicate librarians are associated with improved SR quality, due to the small number of SRs that included a librarian, results were not statistically significant. Conclusion Despite guidance from organizations that produce SR guidelines recommending the inclusion of a librarian or information specialist on the review team, and despite evidence showing that librarians improve the reproducibility of searches and the reporting of methodology in SRs, librarians are not being included in SRs in the field of dental medicine. The authors of this review recommend the inclusion of a librarian on SR teams in dental medicine and other fields.
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Fang, Alex C., Wan-yin Li, and Jing Cao. "In search of poetic discourse of classical Chinese poetry." Chinese Language and Discourse 2, no. 2 (December 21, 2011): 232–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cld.2.2.04fan.
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We address the issue of poetic discourse in classical Chinese poetry and propose the use of imageries as characteristic anchors that stylistically differentiate poetic schools as well as individual poets. We describe an experiment that is aimed at the use of ontological knowledge to identify patterns of imagery use as stylistic features of classical Chinese poetry for authorship attribution of classical Chinese poems. This work is motivated by the understanding that the creative language use by different poets can be characterised through their creative use of imageries which can be captured through ontological annotation. A corpus of lyric songs written by Liu Yong and Su Shi in the Song Dynasty is used, which is word segmented and ontologically annotated. State-of-the-art techniques in automatic text classification are adopted and machine learning methods applied to evaluate the performance of the imagery-based features. Empirical results show that word tokens alone can be used to achieve an accuracy of 87% in the task of authorship attribution between Liu Yong and Su Shi. More interestingly, ontological knowledge is shown to produce significant performance gains when combined with word tokens. This observation is reinforced by the fact that most of the feature sets with ontological annotation outperform the use of bare word tokens as features. Our empirical evidence strongly suggests that the use of imageries is a powerful indicator of poetic discourse that is characteristic of the two poets concerned in the study.
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Shanthi, P., and A. Umamakeswari. "Efficient top representative for multi-authorship encrypted cloud data to assist cognitive search." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, no. 6 (December 4, 2020): 8079–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-189130.
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Cloud computing is gaining ground in the digital and business world. It delivers storage service for user access using Internet as a medium. Besides the numerous benefits of cloud services, migrating to public cloud storage leads to security and privacy concerns. Encryption method protects data privacy and confidentiality. However, encrypted data stored in cloud storage reduces the flexibility in processing data. Therefore, the development of new technologies to search top representatives from encrypted public storage is the current requirement. This paper presents a similarity-based keyword search for multi-author encrypted documents. The proposed Authorship Attribute-Based Ranked Keyword Search (AARKS) encrypts documents using user attributes, and returns ranked results to authorized users. The scheme assigns weight to index vectors by finding the dominant keywords of the specific authority document collection. Search using the proposed indexing prunes away branches and processes only fewer nodes. Re-weighting documents using the relevant feedback also improves user experience. The proposed scheme ensures the privacy and confidentiality of data supporting the cognitive search for encrypted cloud data. Experiments are performed using the Enron dataset and simulated using a set of queries. The precision obtained for the proposed ranked retrieval is 0.7262. Furthermore, information leakage to a cloud server is prevented, thereby proving its suitability for public storage.
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Ellis, Ursula, Vanessa Kitchin, and Mathew Vis-Dunbar. "Identification and Reporting of Patient and Public Partner Authorship on Knowledge Syntheses: Rapid Review." Journal of Participatory Medicine 13, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): e27141. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/27141.
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Background Patient and public involvement (PPI) in health research is an area of growing interest. Several studies have examined the use and impact of PPI in knowledge syntheses (systematic, scoping, and related reviews); however, few studies have focused specifically on the patient or public coauthorship of such reviews. Objective This study seeks to identify published systematic and scoping reviews coauthored by patient or public partners and examine the characteristics of these coauthored reviews, such as which journals publish them, geographic location of research teams, and terms used to describe patient or public partner authors in affiliations, abstracts, or article text. Methods We searched CAB Direct, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), and PsycInfo from 2011 to May 2019, with a supplementary search of several PPI-focused databases. We refined the Ovid MEDLINE search by examining frequently used words and phrases in relevant search results and searched Ovid MEDLINE using the modified search strategy in June 2020. Results We screened 13,998 results and found 37 studies that met our inclusion criteria. In line with other PPI research, we found that a wide range of terms were used for patient and public authors in author affiliations. In some cases, partners were easy to identify with titles such as patient, caregiver or consumer representative, patient partner, expert by experience, citizen researcher, or public contributor. In 11% (n=4) of studies, they were identified as members of a panel or advisory council. In 27% (n=10) of articles, it was either impossible or difficult to tell whether an author was a partner solely from the affiliation, and confirmation was found elsewhere in the article. We also investigated where in the reviews the partner coauthors’ roles were described, and when possible, what their specific roles were. Often, there was little or no information about which review tasks the partner coauthors contributed to. Furthermore, only 14% (5/37) of reviews mentioned patient or public involvement as authors in the abstract; involvement was often only indicated in the author affiliation field or in the review text (most often in the methods or contributions section). Conclusions Our findings add to the evidence that searching for coproduced research is difficult because of the diversity of terms used to describe patient and public partners, and the lack of consistent, detailed reporting about PPI. For better discoverability, we recommend ensuring that patient and public authorships are indicated in commonly searched database fields. When patient and public-authored research is easier to find, its impact will be easier to measure.
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Mahmood, Asad, Faizan Ahmad, Zubair Shafiq, Padmini Srinivasan, and Fareed Zaffar. "A Girl Has No Name: Automated Authorship Obfuscation using Mutant-X." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2019, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popets-2019-0058.
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Abstract Stylometric authorship attribution aims to identify an anonymous or disputed document’s author by examining its writing style. The development of powerful machine learning based stylometric authorship attribution methods presents a serious privacy threat for individuals such as journalists and activists who wish to publish anonymously. Researchers have proposed several authorship obfuscation approaches that try to make appropriate changes (e.g. word/phrase replacements) to evade attribution while preserving semantics. Unfortunately, existing authorship obfuscation approaches are lacking because they either require some manual effort, require significant training data, or do not work for long documents. To address these limitations, we propose a genetic algorithm based random search framework called Mutant-X which can automatically obfuscate text to successfully evade attribution while keeping the semantics of the obfuscated text similar to the original text. Specifically, Mutant-X sequentially makes changes in the text using mutation and crossover techniques while being guided by a fitness function that takes into account both attribution probability and semantic relevance. While Mutant-X requires black-box knowledge of the adversary’s classifier, it does not require any additional training data and also works on documents of any length. We evaluate Mutant-X against a variety of authorship attribution methods on two different text corpora. Our results show that Mutant-X can decrease the accuracy of state-of-the-art authorship attribution methods by as much as 64% while preserving the semantics much better than existing automated authorship obfuscation approaches. While Mutant-X advances the state-of-the-art in automated authorship obfuscation, we find that it does not generalize to a stronger threat model where the adversary uses a different attribution classifier than what Mutant-X assumes. Our findings warrant the need for future research to improve the generalizability (or transferability) of automated authorship obfuscation approaches.
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Schneider, Helen, and Nelisiwe Maleka. "Patterns of authorship on community health workers in low-and-middle-income countries: an analysis of publications (2012–2016)." BMJ Global Health 3, no. 3 (May 2018): e000797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000797.
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IntroductionStudies of authorship provide a barometer of local research capacity and ownership of research, considered key to defining appropriate research priorities, developing contextualised responses to health problems and ensuring that research informs policy and practice. This paper reports on an analysis of patterns of research authorship of the now substantial literature on community health workers (CHWs) in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) for the 5-year period: 2012–2016.MethodsA search of five databases identified a total of 649 indexed publications reporting on CHWs in LMICs and meeting the inclusion criteria. The country, region and income classification of studies, affiliations (country, organisation) of lead (first) and last authors, proportions of all authors locally affiliated, programme area (eg, maternal child health) and funding source were extracted.ResultsThe 649 papers reported experiences from 51 countries, 55% from middle-income countries (MICs) and 32% from low-income countries (LICs), with the remaining 13% multicountry studies. Overall, 47% and 54% of all the papers had a high-income country (HIC) lead and last author, respectively. Authorship followed three patterns: (1) a concentrated HIC pattern, with US-based authors numerically dominating LIC-based and multicountry studies; (2) an MIC pattern of autonomy, with a handful of countries—India, South Africa and Brazil, in particular—leading >70% of their CHW publications and (3) a pattern of unevenness among LICs in their lead authorship of publications varying from 14% (Malawi) to 54% (Uganda). Region, programme area and funding source were all associated with the distribution of authorship across country income categories.ConclusionThe findings in this analysis mirror closely that of other authorship studies in global health. Collectively these provide a common message—that investments in global health programmes in the Millennium Development Goal era may have benefited health but not necessarily capacity for knowledge generation in LMICs.
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Hemmens, Craig, and Ruibin Lu. "Recent Legal Developments." Criminal Justice Review 41, no. 4 (October 24, 2016): 528–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016816671359.
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In this article, we review and analyze the criminal justice–related decisions of the 2015 term of the U.S. Supreme Court. We also provide a summary of the Court’s voting patterns and opine authorship. Twenty-two of the Court’s 76 decisions touched on criminal justice. There were significant decisions involving the exclusionary rule, search incident to arrest, the death penalty, and sentencing.
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Uthemann, Karl-Heinz, and Wolfram Kinzig. "In Search of Asterius. Studies on the Authorship of the Homilies on the Psalms." Vigiliae Christianae 45, no. 2 (June 1991): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1584431.
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Mavis, Brian, Steven J. Durning, and Sebastian Uijtdehaage. "Authorship Order in Medical Education Publications: In Search of Practical Guidance for the Community." Teaching and Learning in Medicine 31, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2018.1533836.
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Zhang, Li, Margaret Sampson, and Jessie McGowan. "Reporting of the Role of the Expert Searcher in Cochrane Reviews." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 1, no. 4 (December 8, 2006): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b85k52.
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Introduction - This study applied the principles of evidence based information practice to clarify the role of information specialists and librarians in the preparation of Cochrane systematic reviews and to determine whether information specialists impact the quality of searching in Cochrane systematic reviews.
Objectives - This research project sought to determine how the contribution of the person responsible for searching in the preparation of Cochrane systematic reviews was reported; whether the contribution was recognized through authorship or acknowledgement; the qualifications of the searcher; and the association between the type of contributorship and characteristics of the search strategy, assessability, and the presence of certain types of errors.
Methods -
Data sources: The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, The Cochrane Library 3 (2002).
Inclusion criteria: The study included systematic reviews that met the following criteria: one or more sections of the Cochrane Highly Sensitive Search Strategy were utilised, primary studies were either randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs, and included and excluded studies were clearly identified.
Data extraction: Two librarians assessed the searches for errors, establishing consensus on discordant ratings.
Results - Of the 169 reviews screened for this project, 105 met all eligibility criteria. Authors fulfilled the searching role in 41.9% of reviews studied, acknowledged persons or groups in 13.3%, a combination in 9.5%, and the role was not reported in 35.2% of reviews. For the 78 reviews in which meta-analyses were performed, the positions of those responsible for statistical decisions were examined for comparative purposes. The statistical role was performed by an author in 47.4% of cases and unreported in the same number of cases. Insufficient analyzable data was obtained regarding professional qualifications (3/105 for searching, 2/78 for statistical decisions).
Search quality was assessed for 66 searches across 74 reviews. In general, it was more possible to assess the search quality when the searcher role was reported. An association was found between the reporting of searcher role and the presence of a consequential error. There was no association between the number of consequential errors and how the contribution of the searcher was reported.
Conclusions - Qualifications of the persons responsible for searching and statistical decision-making were poorly reported in Cochrane reviews, but more complete role reporting is associated with greater assessability of searches and fewer substantive errors in search strategies.
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Biti, Vladimir. "Deprived of protection: The ethico-politics of authorship in Ian McEwan’s Atonement." Frontiers of Narrative Studies 4, no. 2 (November 26, 2018): 342–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fns-2018-0027.
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AbstractThe paper proposes to read the British novelist Ian McEwan as an ethically disconcerted post-imperial writer. His early works “gave voice to an anxiety about social, cultural and moral decline after the end of Britain’s imperial power had become vividly apparent” (Groes). Both the writer’s and his characters’ fatherless post-war childhoods testify to the systematic disconnection of the public and private in the late imperial and post-imperial country, which induced the growing feeling of unprotectedness among its inhabitants. McEwan consistently searches for an ethically responsible literary form to cope with the traumatic defenselessness that, much beyond post-imperial Britain, became the experience of both the recent world and literature. In this search, he develops a peculiar technology of his authorial self. By tending to provide a shelter to the defenseless characters, it reproduces the protective attitude of these characters toward the other characters. However, the author simultaneously exposes their remorseful attachment to the victims as selfish. As he thus never stops ethically exempting himself from his Doppelgängers, he continuously wrong-foots the reader. In sum, Atonement draws its characters, narrator, author, and readers into a frenetic pursuit of the final ethical truth by repeatedly entrapping them in this truth’s provisional political surrogates.
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Bravo, Nassim. "In Search of “That Archimedean Point”: The Development of Selfhood in Kierkegaard’s Journal of Gilleleje." Kierkegaard Studies Yearbook 26, no. 1 (August 11, 2021): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kierke-2021-0002.
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Abstract This article offers a philosophical account of the so-called journal of Gilleleje. I would like to argue that in this text from 1835 one can trace the early philosophical musings of Kierkegaard on the existential question of the discovery of the self and the development of selfhood, one of the main motifs in the authorship of the Dane. Additionally, I discuss the literary trends of the 1830s in Golden Age Denmark, particularly the boom of the Danish short novel and Heiberg’s admiration of Goethe, analyzing in what way this local context impacted Kierkegaard’s ideas in the journal of Gilleleje.
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Notaro, Anna. "Technology in Search of an Artist: Questions of Auteurism/Authorship and the Contemporary Cinematic Experience." Velvet Light Trap 57, no. 1 (2006): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vlt.2006.0019.
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Matusov, Eugene, and Ana Marjanovic-Shane. "Many faces of the concept of culture (and education)." Culture & Psychology 23, no. 3 (June 17, 2016): 309–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067x16655460.
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In this theoretical essay, we examine four conceptual gestalt approaches to culture and education: “culture as pattern,” “culture as boundary,” “culture as authorship,” and “culture as critical dialog.” In the “culture as pattern,” education aims at socializing people into a given cultural practice. Any decline from culturally valued patterns becomes a deficit for education to eliminate. In the “culture as boundary,” encounter with other cultures highlights their arbitrariness and equality. Education focuses on celebration of diversity, tolerance, pluralism, social justice, and equal rights. The “culture as authorship” is about authorial transcendence of the given recognized by others. Education promotes dialogic creativity and authorship. Student/author is the final authority of his/her own education. “Culture as critical dialog” promotes testing ideas, opinions, beliefs, desires, and values. Critical dialog is inherently deconstructive, promoting never-ending search for truth. Education aims at the critical examination of the self, life, world, and society. Student is welcomed as an ultimate spoilsport, a devil’s advocate. In conclusion, we discuss complex relationships among the four gestalt approaches to culture and education and the ontology of these gestalt approaches. As a by-product of our analysis, we critically deconstruct the concept of meaning making as deeply dialogic process, separating it from its many masks that are mistakenly identified with it.
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Noback, Peter C., David P. Trofa, Lucas K. Dziesinski, Evan P. Trupia, Samuel Galle, and Melvin P. Rosenwasser. "Kienböck Disease: Quality, Accuracy, and Readability of Online Information." HAND 15, no. 4 (December 16, 2018): 563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944718813631.
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Background: Patients with limited health literacy require online educational materials to be written below a sixth grade level for optimal understanding. We assessed the quality, accuracy, and readability of online materials for Kienböck disease (KD). Methods: “Kienbock’s Disease” and “Lunate Avacular Necrosis” were entered into 3 search engines. The first 25 Web sites from each search were collected. Quality was assessed via a custom grading rubric, accuracy by 2 residents and a fellow, and readability by Flesch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL) and New Dale-Chall test. Web sites were stratified according to the search term, FKGL, order of appearance, and authorship type. Results: A total of 38 unique Web sites were included, of which 22 were assigned to “KD” and 16 to “Lunate Avascular Necrosis.” The average quality score out of 30, accuracy score out of 12, and FKGL for all Web sites were 13.3 ± 7.3, 10.4 ± 1.9, and 10.5 ± 1.4, respectively. Web sites assigned to the term “Kienbock’s Disease” had a significantly higher FKGL. Web sites of higher FKGL had significantly worse accuracy scores. Order of appearance had no influence. Physician specialty societies (PSS) had a significantly lower FKGL than Web sites of other authorship types. Conclusions: Despite concerted efforts by national organizations, the readability of online patient materials is above the recommended level for KD. Patients with limited health literacy will be most affected by this reality. Until readability improves, patients should continue to consult their physicians when uncertain and prioritize Web sites that are easier to read and produced by PSS.
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Timmins, Fiona. "An overview of patterns and trends in nursing publications from the People's Republic of China." Frontiers of Nursing 7, no. 2 (July 14, 2020): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fon-2020-0020.
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AbstractObjectiveTo explore patterns and trends in nursing publications from the People's Republic of China.MethodsUsing the Scopus online database, the author performed two searches in August 2019. The first search identified all items in the category of nursing affiliated to China, and the second search identified publications from China within one specific nursing journal. The author used a theoretical framework to provide a more in-depth understanding of patterns and trends within these items.ResultsThe number of articles categorized as nursing, with listed authorship in China, within the Scopus database was 17,506. The majority of published papers were categorized as research. Top-ranking Chinese universities, such as Peking University and Fudan University, scored high in terms of several publications listed within the database. Although categorized as nursing, the most common source titles that are mostly high-ranking journals did not feature the high-ranking nursing journals. Identified authors were generally not affiliated with nursing schools. Focused analysis of one of the top-ranking nursing journals, the Journal of Nursing Management, featured top Chinese universities and consistent nursing authorship. Nursing authors were found to have lower h-indices than international nursing professors.ConclusionsThere has been a steady increase year by year in publications categorized as nursing from China since 2009, with the majority of published papers categorized as research. There is clear evidence of scholarly activity in nursing in China, both in the published literature and anecdotally in practice. However, nursing scholars need to do more to increase dissemination and ensure that nursing professors are leading and driving nursing research, although in a multidisciplinary context. There is also a need for increased exposure of Chinese nursing scholarship in high-ranking nursing journals.
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Moran, M., and CW Oliver. "Content and Design of Patient-Targeted Websites in Orthopaedic Surgery: The Example of Total Hip Replacement." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 89, no. 8 (November 2007): 773–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588407x209293.
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INTRODUCTION The Internet is frequently used as a source of medical information by patients. There is no shortage of quantity of information on the Internet. Most studies have concentrated on the content of information provided by orthopaedic websites. This study aims to assess all aspects of website construction, using total hip replacement (THR) as an example. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the search term ‘total hip replacement’, we evaluated the top 50 results from 4 popular search engines. A detailed evaluation of these sites was carried out and data recorded on authorship, readability (Flesch score), authority, currency, information status, information value, information quality, graphics and design, navigation, speed and access. These were individually scored using the University of Michigan Consumer Health WebSite Checklist. RESULTS From the 200 web pages, 167 unique Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) were recorded. Of these, 55 provided patient information about THR and were evaluated fully. Of websites, 62% originated in the US. The authorship of the majority of websites was described as commercial (28%) or academic/physician (49%). Website evaluation showed that content, navigation, graphics and speed were good. However, authority, currency, information status, information quality and ease of reading scored poorly. DISCUSSION Most of the sites visited presented adequate information about THR. However, the manner in which this information was presented is poor.
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Barragán Martín, Ana Belén, María del Mar Molero Jurado, María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes, María del Mar Simón Márquez, Maria Sisto, and José Jesús Gázquez Linares. "Published Research on Burnout in Nursing in Spain in the Last Decade: Bibliometric Analysis." Healthcare 8, no. 4 (November 12, 2020): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040478.
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Scientific production in the last decades has evidenced an increase in burnout syndrome in healthcare professionals. The objective of this bibliometric study was to analyze scientific productions on burnout in nurses in 2009–2019. A search was made on the Web of Science database on burnout in nursing. The variables evaluated were number of publications per year, productivity based on the journal and relationships between authors. Data were analyzed using Bibexcel software, and Pajek was used to visualize the co-authorship network map. A total of 1528 publications related to burnout in nurses were identified. The years with the most productivity were 2016 to 2017, when the publication rate increased noticeably over previous years. The Spanish journal with the most production on the subject was Atención Primaria. The co-authorship network analyzed illustrated collaboration patterns among the researchers. Scientific publications on the subject have increased in recent years due to problems in the healthcare system, which is in need of prevention and intervention programs for healthcare professionals.
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Barbarite, Eric, David Shaye, Samuel Oyer, and Linda N. Lee. "Quality Assessment of Online Patient Information for Cosmetic Botulinum Toxin." Aesthetic Surgery Journal 40, no. 11 (June 18, 2020): NP636—NP642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaa168.
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Abstract Background In an era of widespread Internet access, patients increasingly look online for health information. Given the frequency with which cosmetic botulinum toxin injection is performed, there is a need to provide patients with high-quality information about this procedure. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the quality of printed online education materials (POEMs) about cosmetic botulinum toxin. Methods An Internet search was performed to identify 32 websites of various authorship types. Materials were evaluated for accuracy and inclusion of key content points. Readability was measured by Flesch Reading Ease and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level. Understandability and actionability were assessed with the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printed Materials. The effect of authorship was measured by undertaking analysis of variance between groups. Results The mean [standard deviation] accuracy score among all POEMs was 4.2 [0.7], which represents an accuracy of 76% to 99%. Mean comprehensiveness was 47.0% [16.4%]. Mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level and Flesch Reading Ease scores were 10.7 [2.1] and 47.9 [10.0], respectively. Mean understandability and actionability were 62.8% [18.8%] and 36.2% [26.5%], respectively. There were no significant differences between accuracy (P > 0.2), comprehensiveness (P > 0.5), readability (P > 0.1), understandability (P > 0.3), or actionability (P > 0.2) by authorship. Conclusions There is wide variability in the quality of cosmetic botulinum toxin POEMs regardless of authorship type. The majority of materials are written above the recommended reading level and fail to include important content points. It is critical that providers take an active role in the evaluation and endorsement of online patient education materials.
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Ortega, José Luis. "Influence of co-authorship networks in the research impact: Ego network analyses from Microsoft Academic Search." Journal of Informetrics 8, no. 3 (July 2014): 728–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2014.07.001.
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Essi, Liliana, Maria De Fátima Ribeiro Chicatte Lima, Leandro Gonçalves Leite, and Mariana Marques Wolf. "Threatened and understudied: the lack of genetic data of endangered Brazilian plant species." Ciência e Natura 42 (September 3, 2020): e28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x40965.
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A literature review of genetic studies on 3134 endangered or data deficient Brazilian plant species was performed using the Periodical Capes database, using, for each species, a combination of the binomial (without authorship) and the radical genet*. The search was only for articles, without publication year limitation. The search included relevant synonyms, based on information obtained from the National Flora Conservation Center (CNC Flora) website. Phylogenetic studies focusing on taxonomy or studies focusing on gene expression were excluded. A total of 14 463 articles were retrieved with this search strategy, but only 312 fit within the scope of the search. Results show that genetic studies for plants of all threat categories are lacking, with a very low average (0,09%) of genetic studies retrieved per species. The four threatened species with a higher number of studies are species of commercial interest. For 1931 species no article was retrieved. Given the high levels of biodiversity loss in Brazil, it is urgent to invest in the knowledge of the biology of threatened plant species, especially those which are the most neglected in genetic studies.
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Ma, Tsu-Jui, and Gwo-Guang Lee. "Outsourcing library functions: a bibliometric study in SSCI." Bottom Line 29, no. 4 (November 14, 2016): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bl-12-2015-0022.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the bibliometric study of journal articles in Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) related to outsourcing library functions, including publication trends from 1994 to 2015, core journals, authorship and citing articles used for librarians and researchers to have a basic reference of relevant resources. Design/methodology/approach The methodology consisted of journal article searches in SSCI with 1994-2015 as the date limiter. The search terms came from the topic of outsourcing to the topic of library by using the Boolean operator; and results were used in the Web of Science (WOS) database based on pre-determined categories and were evaluated based on the five research questions about core journals, authorship and citing articles. Findings The findings were based on the five research questions evaluated in the bibliometric study. There were 55 articles published on the topics of outsourcing and library authored by 80 individuals between 1994 and 2015. In the 55 articles analyzed, there were 24 different journals represented with 150 times cited. Originality/value This study takes the bibliometric analysis approach, which has rarely been used on the topics of outsourcing and library articles with the specific focus on library finance issues. It provides a foundation for further research on the topic as well as resources to be used by librarians and researchers.
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Li, Jim (Zhang Hao), Mingyang Wang, and Paris-Ann Ingledew. "Depression in cancer: An evaluation of patient education resources." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e24194-e24194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e24194.
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e24194 Background: In recent years, there has been increasing awareness surrounding mental health and depression among cancer patients. Concurrently, the internet has cemented its role as a mainstay source of health information for the general public. However, little is known about the quality of online resources addressing depression specifically in cancer patients. Therefore, we aim to systematically evaluate the quality of such information. Methods: The term "depression in cancer patients" was searched online using the search engine Google and the meta-search engines Dogpile and Yippy. A set of predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria was applied to all search results, which yielded 48 websites for inclusion. An evidence-based rating tool was then used to score the websites based on the six domains of Affiliation, Accountability, Interactivity, Structure & Organization, Readability, and Content Quality. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Of the 48 websites evaluated, 50% were commercial. In terms of accountability measures, 63% of websites disclosed authorship, 54% cited one or more reliable sources, and 38% were updated within the last two years. Although in-site search engines and video support were found in 94% and 52% of websites respectively, the presence of other interactive features were considerably lower. The average readability was at a grade 12.3 level using the Flesch-Kincaid scale and 11.3 using the SMOG Index, both of which were significantly higher than the traditionally recommended grade-six level ( p < 0.0001 for both). The most commonly covered topics were symptoms and treatment – found on 87% and 83% of websites respectively. Prevention and prognosis were not covered by any of the websites. Content accuracy was generally high among covered topics. Conclusions: Many websites addressing depression in cancer have poor authorship disclosure, attribution, and currency. Additional interactive features should be encouraged to facilitate user-friendliness. Poor readability may pose a barrier for patient comprehension, indicating a need for health care providers to proactively guide patients to suitable resources. Despite high content accuracy in other topics, prevention and prognosis are seldom covered. Our results could help guide the development of new patient education materials and better inform health care providers about the limitations of available online resources. Future research should aim to elucidate reasons contributing to difficult readability levels and identify topics that patients need additional information in.
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Hernández-García, Ignacio, and Teresa Giménez-Júlvez. "Characteristics of YouTube Videos in Spanish on How to Prevent COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 4671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134671.
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Objective: To analyze the characteristics of YouTube videos in Spanish on the basic measures to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: On 18 March 2020, a search was conducted on YouTube using the terms “Prevencion Coronavirus” and “Prevencion COVID-19”. We studied the associations between the type of authorship and the country of publication with other variables (such as the number of likes and basic measures to prevent COVID-19 according to the World Health Organization, among others) with univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model. Results: A total of 129 videos were evaluated; 37.2% were produced in Mexico (25.6%) and Spain (11.6%), and 56.6% were produced by mass media, including television and newspapers. The most frequently reported basic preventive measure was hand washing (71.3%), and the least frequent was not touching the eyes, nose, and mouth (24.0%). Hoaxes (such as eating garlic or citrus to prevent COVID-19) were detected in 15 videos (10.9%). In terms of authorship, papers produced by health professionals had a higher probability of reporting hand hygiene (OR (95% CI) = 4.20 (1.17–15.09)) and respiratory hygiene (OR (95% CI) = 3.05 (1.22–7.62)) as preventive measures. Conclusion: Information from YouTube in Spanish on basic measures to prevent COVID-19 is usually not very complete and differs according to the type of authorship. Our findings make it possible to guide Spanish-speaking users on the characteristics of the videos to be viewed in order to obtain reliable information.
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Amzallag, Nissim. "Psalm 120 and the question of authorship of the songs of Ascents." Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 45, no. 4 (June 2021): 588–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309089220963429.
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As the first of the songs of Ascents, Psalm 120 might be seen as key to understanding the whole corpus, but its content remains poorly understood. This study suggests that its author was a smith-poet committed to the Edomite/Qenite traditional worship of YHWH, here complaining about participating, through the fabrication of iron weapons, in the demise of Edom (553 BCE). On this reading, the poem becomes a lament on the irremediable demise of traditional (metallurgical) Yahwism after the rise of iron metallurgy and its transformation of war. Introducing the Ascents, this song might express the search for an alternative form of Yahwism emancipated from the original metallurgical dimension. Expressed in Israel, this alternative Yahwism becomes praised in the other songs of Ascents. This interpretation corroborates the rise of a group of Edomite poets (Ezrahites) in Jerusalem in the early Persian period and its integration within the temple staff.
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Im, Hyeonyeol. "Necessity and possibility of developing a search tool for ghostwritten self-introduction letters through authorship attribution research." Journal of Language & Literature 70 (June 30, 2017): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15565/jll.2017.06.70.151.
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SMOLEV, DANIIL D. "SERIES IN SEARCH OF INTERACTIVITY." Art and Science of Television 16, no. 3 (2020): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30628/1994-9529-2020-16.3-107-130.
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The article analyzes such a phenomenon of screen culture as interactivity; it considers the historical prerequisites for the emergence of interactive works of art, their evolvement in literature, contemporary art (performance, action, happening), cinema, TV series and computer games. The author pays special attention to the formation of a serial narrative conditioned by the continuous interaction between the showrunners and the audience, thanks to which the viewer, sometimes without knowing it, turns into a coauthor. Among the difficulties of developing the logics of a serial narrative is parallel work of scriptwriters with the small and the large narrative (double formal structure). Indeed, as the viewers unravel the plot of yet another episode (the investigation of a specific crime in a detective series or the treatment of a certain patient in a medical one), they never stop complementing the cumulative narrative (which happens to the characters over several seasons). In this regard, interactive narrative forms suggest not only to significantly enhance cooperation and co-creation between product creators and recipients, but also to change the relationship between the large and small narratives within a serial. Interactive screen forms cancel (or at least veil) the dictates of the author, who offers the public one single version of the scenario. As the recipients select actions, plot twists or supporting content, they get a cinematic experience that cannot match another’s cinematic experience. Basically, everyone is watching their own movie, which cannot be copied. The author considers the formation of an interactive culture on the basis of both the latest experiments based on Internet services and streaming platforms (Imagine, Mosaic, Black Mirror), and earlier experiments with interactive cinema (Kinoautomat: One man and his house, Videodrome, D–dag). However, in addition to the aesthetic and artistic features that interactivity carries, it is associated with an important ethical problem: the viewers are able to take responsibility for making decisions only within the interactive field, but not outside of it. Their involvement in the creation is a priori limited by the form of the game, in which any action is annullable, and possible negative consequences (financial, legal, etc.) are borne exclusively by the content creators. This fundamental rule of the interactivity format eliminates the possibility of genuine co-authorship, making this dialogue an imitation.
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Martínez-Ávila, Daniel, Richard Smiraglia, Hur-Li Lee, and Melodie Fox. "What is an author now? Discourse analysis applied to the idea of an author." Journal of Documentation 71, no. 5 (September 14, 2015): 1094–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-05-2014-0068.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss and shed light on the following questions: What is an author? Is it a person who writes? Or, is it, in information, an iconic taxonomic designation (some might say a “classification”) for a group of writings that are recognized by the public in some particular way? What does it mean when a search engine, or catalog, asks a user to enter the name of an author? And how does that accord with the manner in which the data have been entered in association with the names of the entities identified with the concept of authorship? Design/methodology/approach – The authors use several cases as bases of phenomenological discourse analysis, combining as best the authors can components of eidetic bracketing (a Husserlian technique for isolating noetic reduction) with Foucauldian discourse analysis. The two approaches are not sympathetic or together cogent, so the authors present them instead as alternative explanations alongside empirical evidence. In this way the authors are able to isolate components of iconic “authorship” and then subsequently engage them in discourse. Findings – An “author” is an iconic name associated with a class of works. An “author” is a role in public discourse between a set of works and the culture that consumes them. An “author” is a role in cultural sublimation, or a power broker in deabstemiation. An “author” is last, if ever, a person responsible for the intellectual content of a published work. The library catalog’s attribution of “author” is at odds with the Foucauldian discursive comprehension of the role of an “author.” Originality/value – One of the main assets of this paper is the combination of Foucauldian discourse analysis with phenomenological analysis for the study of the “author.” The authors turned to Foucauldian discourse analysis to discover the loci of power in the interactions of the public with the named authorial entities. The authors also looked to phenomenological analysis to consider the lived experience of users who encounter the same named authorial entities. The study of the “author” in this combined way facilitated the revelation of new aspects of the role of authorship in search engines and library catalogs.
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Dungey, Nicholas. "Writing Kafka's Soul: Disciplinary Power, Resistance & the Authorship of the Subject." New Perspectives 26, no. 1 (February 2018): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2336825x1802600109.
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Who is the real Kafka? What do his writings really mean? These are the questions that have dominated Kafka scholarship, which has predominantly focused on issues of the author's identity and the meaning of his writings. As the heirs of a modern metaphysics that posits the existence of an objectively rational and free subject, we – including many Kafka scholars – have generally assumed that there is a true self, that reason enables access to universally verifiable knowledge, and that this subject presupposes and authorizes the works of knowledge, art, and cultural productions that bears the subject's name. It is time to ask, however, whether the metaphysical approach to Kafka and his writings obscured more than it has illuminated? What if, instead, we abandon the metaphysical search for the true Kafka? There is now an emerging postmodern account of Kafka's subjectivity and the dynamic, discursive relationship between the construction of his subjectivity and the production of his writings. Utilizing Foucault's interrogation of metaphysical subjectivity, I investigate Kafka's voluminous letters and diaries as the effects of disciplinary power and the vehicles through which resistance to this power is pressed into the service of aesthetic self-creation.
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Sootheran, Jeffrey. "Academic libraries and development." Bottom Line 27, no. 3 (November 4, 2014): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bl-04-2014-0008.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine publication patterns of scholarly literature related to academic libraries and development (i.e. funding), including publication trends over a five-year period, core journals and authorship, so that library directors and library development officers will have a basic collection of relevant resources. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology consisted of journal article searches in three databases relating to the field of library information science with 2006-2010 as the date limiter. The primary search terms came from the topic of this study and were joined to secondary-level search terms by using the Boolean operator: AND. Secondary-level keywords originated from the literature review and the search process. Results were stored in an Excel file based on pre-determined categories and were evaluated based on the research questions. Findings – There were 106 articles published on the topic of academic libraries and development authored by 164 individuals, pairs, groups or associations during the five-year period of 2006-2010. In 2010, the greatest number of articles (35) was published on the topic, but in 2008, the least number (14) was published. Originality/value – This study takes the bibliometric analysis approach, which has rarely been used on the topic of academic libraries and development work with the specific focus on library funding. It provides a foundation for further research on the topic, as well as resources to be used by library practitioners.
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Dimitris, Michelle C., Matthew Gittings, and Nicholas B. King. "How global is global health research? A large-scale analysis of trends in authorship." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 1 (January 2021): e003758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003758.
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Many have called for greater inclusion of researchers from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the conduct of global health research, yet the extent to which this occurs is unclear. Prior studies are journal-, subject-, or region-specific, largely rely on manual review, and yield varying estimates not amenable to broad evaluation of the literature. We conducted a large-scale investigation of the contribution of LMIC-affiliated researchers to published global health research and examined whether this contribution differed over time. We searched titles, abstracts, and keywords for the names of countries ever classified as low-, lower middle-, or upper middle-income by the World Bank, and limited our search to items published from 2000 to 2017 in health science-related journals. Publication metadata were obtained from Elsevier/Scopus and analysed in statistical software. We calculated proportions of publications with any, first, and last authors affiliated with any LMIC as well as the same LMIC(s) identified in the title/abstract/keywords, and stratified analyses by year, country, and countries’ most common income status. We analysed 786 779 publications and found that 86.0% included at least one LMIC-affiliated author, while 77.2% and 71.2% had an LMIC-affiliated first or last author, respectively; however, analagous proportions were only 58.7%, 36.8%, and 29.1% among 100 687 publications about low-income countries. Proportions of publications with LMIC-affiliated authors increased over time, yet this observation was driven by high research activity and representation among upper middle-income countries. Between-country variation in representation was observed, even within income status categories. We invite comment regarding these findings, particularly from voices underrepresented in this field.
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Ward, JBM, and P. Leach. "Evaluation of internet derived patient information." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 94, no. 5 (May 2012): 300–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588412x13171221590250.
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INTRODUCTION The internet is a widely used, powerful resource for patients to research medical conditions. There is an extensive amount of information available on the internet. It is important for patient information to be accurate and in an easily accessible format. This article aims to assess the quality of patient information on hydrocephalus and compares the findings with recent evaluations in other surgical specialties. METHODS The term ‘hydrocephalus’ was searched for on the search engines http://www.google.com/ , http://www.bing.com/ and http://www.yahoo.com/ . The top 20 results of these searches were assessed using the University of Michigan consumer health website evaluation checklist. RESULTS The quality of patient information websites on hydrocephalus is highly variable. Websites rarely provide sufficient authorship information, do not review their information regularly enough and only reference material occasionally. The background of the provider was found to influence the quality of the website, with academic and care providers creating the best websites. CONCLUSIONS On comparing our findings with those of recent studies from other surgical specialties, it was found that there was often a conflict of interest between the background of the provider and the information supplied. It is recommended that clinicians personally research material for their patients to be able to guide them to suitable, accurate websites.
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Gupta, Amar, Michael Nissan, Hani Rayess, Giancarlo F. Zuliani, and Michael Carron. "YouTube and Rhinoplasty: An Analysis of the Videos Available Online." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 34, no. 4 (April 19, 2017): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748806817704761.
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The objective of this study was to examine YouTube videos related to rhinoplasty created by both physicians and nonphysicians in order to determine the content of the videos, the selected topics of discussion, and other important parameters. A cross-sectional analysis was performed. YouTube videos that resulted when the search term “rhinoplasty” was entered were identified during the first 15 days of October 2014. The search was carried out daily during this time, and the first 20 unchanged videos were included in this analysis. Authorship, length of video, objective, total views, and type of video were recorded. Ten videos (50%) were physician based, 8 were patient based (40%), and 2 (10%) were television programs. Ten videos (50%) were longer than 10 minutes and 8 (40%) had greater than 100 000 views. The majority of videos (85%) aimed to provide didactic information on the rhinoplasty operation or intended to provide a perspective on the operation from an actual patient. Mann-Whitney U tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare physician-based Web sites against those with other authorship with threshold of significance < .05 with no significant difference found between the groups. Videos submitted by practicing physicians were inherently different than those submitted by patients. While videos submitted by physicians concentrated primarily on the actual operation, videos submitted by patients were focused mainly on what they experienced during their procedure. The lack of safeguards on the quality or accuracy of videos posted on the popular Web site YouTube may lead to a possibility for misinformation to the consumer. It would likely be prudent for specialty bodies and organizations to submit high-quality videos to provide the best and most up-to-date information possible.
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Hinds, Richard M., Michael B. Gottschalk, Raghuveer C. Muppavarapu, Amish A. Naik, S. Steven Yang, and John T. Capo. "Assessment of the Accuracy of Online Information Regarding Trigger Finger." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 21, no. 02 (May 3, 2016): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835516500181.
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Background: Review of the recent literature suggests substantial use of the Internet by patients seeking health care information despite questionable accuracy and readability of information presented on some websites. The purpose of our study was to assess the accuracy, quality, and readability of online information regarding trigger finger. Methods: Three terms (“trigger finger”, “stenosing tenosynovitis”, and “finger locking”) were used to query three Internet search engines to evaluate websites regarding information about trigger finger. Three hand surgery fellows independently assessed website accuracy and quality using standardized scoring criteria. The Fleisch-Kincaid reading grade level score was used to assess website readability. Website authorship and commercial association were also noted. Results: Sixty-nine unique websites were assessed. Internet information obtained using the search term “stenosing tenosynovitis” was written at a significantly higher reading level than information found using “finger locking” or “trigger finger”. Website quality and accuracy were both significantly better in websites authored by physicians compared to websites authored by non-physicians. However, website accuracy was significantly poorer in websites featuring commercial association. Additionally, websites presenting information written below the 8th grade reading level demonstrated poorer accuracy. Conclusions: Search term has a significant effect on the readability of online information regarding trigger finger. Despite the terminology used in searches, most websites are largely inaccurate and may not be easily understandable by the general population. This demonstrates a substantial barrier to accessing accurate health care information and may impact patient outcomes. Hand surgeons should direct patients towards websites presenting accurate information with easily readable content.
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Andersen, Tawny. ""Any Search for an Origin is Hysterical": Summoning the Ghost of J.L. Austin." Performance Philosophy 2, no. 2 (January 31, 2017): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.21476/pp.2017.22102.
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As the father of the concept of the “performative utterance”, British philosopher of language J.L. Austin is regularly cast as the point of origin in a genealogy tracing the influence of linguistic theory on performance theory. Based on extensive research into Austin’s writing praxis, this paper demonstrates that the philosopher produced and disseminated his research orally, dialogically, and pedagogically through contexts that privileged the inter-subjective exchange. It frames Austin’s self-described practice of “linguistic phenomenology” as a pragmatic one in which philosophy is context. I demonstrate that this mode of “doing” or “performing” philosophy is also at play within the dramaturgy of Austin’s texts, which restage his thought processes and invite his readers to become spectators to the dramatization of his ideas. My analysis offers up a portrait of a J.L. Austin who enacted his philosophy about the performative utterance in a performative manner. In so doing, it exposes the inaugural texts about performativity as hybrid objects that trouble the concepts of “authorship” and “origin”. It also shows that these texts are infected, at their inception, by parasites, by literature, by the Other, and by the ghosts that Austin tried so hard to exorcise, yet that—on some level of consciousness—he simultaneously allowed to haunt his philosophical voice.
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Kompa, Andrzej. "Gnesioi filoi: the Search for George Syncellus’ and Theophanes the Confessor’s Own Words, and the Authorship of Their Oeuvre." Studia Ceranea 5 (December 30, 2015): 155–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2084-140x.05.06.
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In a nutshell: 1. I believe that Ekloge Chronographias of George Syncellus and Chronographia of Theophanes the Confessor should be treated as a single project, undertaken in turn by two authors; 2. There are important stylistic differences between the two parts, noticeable in the fragments, in which the authors deliver some editorial remarks or disclose their personal opinions; from a wider selection of such phrases, references to the past or future such as ‘as I have mentioned/as I said/as have been said/as we demonstrated above, etc.’, being diverse and individual, are especially helpful. 3. This observation is of great use not only for the texts analysed here, it may be used to confirm authorship of many other texts. 4. As for George and Theophanes, the TLG search of such structures in all extant classical Greek and Byzantine output confirms the statement nr 1, with clauses like ὡς προέφην/καθὼς καὶ προέφην/ὡς προέφημεν/καθὼς προέφημεν both rare in the whole preserved corpus, and relatively often used by the author of Chronographia. The style of the proemium of Chronographia fits the rest of the work and differs from Ekloge Chronographias. 5. Precise analysis of a wider group of similar clauses shows that Ekloge Chronographias and Chronographia were written by two different authors; Chronographia was created by one author, distinctive and independent, no matter how reproductive at the same time he was. I see no convincing arguments not to call this author Theophanes. Some later and partial editiorial interventions to Chronographia, conceivable (rubrics?) and in some instances even certain, do not challenge this view. 6. Only a few entries from the initial parts of Chronographia fit more the George’s work; their style and content bear much more similarities with Ekloge (in AM 5796, 5814, 5818, 5827, 5828). These paragraphs, George’s aphormai, probably in form of loose notes, were inserted to Chronographia by its author the same way as he used his sources for the subsequent parts; they did not reach beyond the times of Constantine I. 7. I do not dismiss the message of the proemium to the Chronographia as it is much more credible than the discussion, sometimes hypercritical, on the vitae and the scraps of the Confessor’s biography. I see no reason not to believe that the idea established and developed by George was then taken over by his friend; the differences result from the independent work of the former and then of the latter, presumably with only rudimentary guidance at the beginning. 8. The ‘genuine friendship’, the crucial relation between the two authors is still the most useful key to understand the history of the tripartita – therefore, I analyse it in the final part of the paper.
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Doyle, Shelby, and Nick Senske. "Digital provenance and material metadata: Attribution and co-authorship in the age of artificial intelligence." International Journal of Architectural Computing 16, no. 4 (November 28, 2018): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077118800887.
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This speculative essay examines a single drawing, produced in a collaboration between the authors and a Turtle robot, in a search for methods to evaluate and document provenance in artificial intelligence and robotic design. Reflecting upon the layers of authorship in our case study reveals the complex relationship that already exists between human and machine collaborators. In response to this unseen provenance, we propose new modes to document the full range of creative contribution to the design and production of artifacts from intellectual inputs to digital representations to physical labor. A more comprehensive system for artificial intelligence/robotic attribution could produce counter-narratives to technological development which more fully acknowledge the contributions of both humans and machines. As artificially intelligent design technologies distinguish themselves with distinct capabilities and eventual autonomy, a system of embedded attribution becomes the basis for human–machine collaboration, indeterminacy, and unexpected new applications for existing tools and methods.
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Arshad, Anas Imran, Paras Ahmad, Paul M. H. Dummer, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Jawaad Ahmed Asif, Zuliani Mahmood, Normastura Abd Rahman, and Noraida Mamat. "Citation Classics on Dental Caries: A Systematic Review." European Journal of Dentistry 14, no. 01 (February 2020): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703419.
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Abstract Objective A systematic search was performed for the identification and analysis of the 100 most often cited articles on dental caries and to highlight the changing trends in the field of dentistry over time. Materials and Methods The search was performed without any restriction on the study design, publication year, or language using the Web of Science (WoS) group of Clarivate Analytics enabling the search through “All Databases.” Based on the citation count as available in WoS, the articles were sorted in a descending manner. Information regarding each article was then extracted, which included its authorship, counts of citation (in other databases), citation density, current citation index (2019), publication year, country of publication, journal of article, evidence level based on study design, and keywords description. Results The count of citation for each article varied in each database, that is, 175 to 2,003 in WoS, 89 to 1,981 in Scopus, and 126 to 3,492 when searched in Google Scholar. The highest number of articles (n = 10) related to dental caries were published in 2004. A total of 301 authors made valuable contributions to this field, out of which J.D. Featherstone had coauthored 6 articles. A significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) was found between the age of the article and the citation density (r =–0.545). However, a nonsignificant correlation (p = 0.952) occurred between the age of publication and the citation count (r = 0.006). Conclusion The results of this systematic review provide a critical appraisal of the context underpinning scientific developments in the field of dental caries and also highlighted trends in clinical management and research.
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Kisely, Stephen R. "Treatments for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and the Internet: A Systematic Survey of what Your Patients are Reading." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36, no. 2 (April 2002): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01017.x.
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Objective: To evaluate the type, quality, and focus of patient information on the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome on the Internet using simple search techniques. Design: The search phrase ‘chronic fatigue syndrome’ was entered into nine common Internet search engines. The 25 most highly ranked pages identified by each of the nine search engines were analysed using a standardized pro forma. The following outcome measures were used: balance of content, consistency of content with evidence-based practice, declared authorship with credentials, information sources including the presence of references, the declaration of any potential conflict of interest, and the need to clarify information with an appropriate health professional. Results: Two hundred and twenty-five websites were reviewed during a 2-week period in September 2000. A further 15 sites (6.3%) were inaccessible. Agreement between websites and systematic reviews of treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome ranged from 4 to 68%, the greatest agreement being for recommendations for graded exercise and the avoidance of prolonged rest. Most sites (64%) had a named author. Only a quarter to a third contained a declaration of interest, advised readers to clarify information with an appropriate health professional, or avoided inaccurate statements. Conclusions: The Internet contains a great deal of information on chronic fatigue syndrome that is neither balanced nor consistent with evidence-based practice. Doctors individually, and as a profession, should provide guidance on which Internet sites to trust.
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Adami, G., O. Viapiana, E. Vantaggiato, C. Benini, D. Rotta, D. Gatti, and M. Rossini. "THU0640-HPR GENDER DISPARITY IN AUTHORSHIP OF CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES IN RHEUMATOLOGY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 565.2–565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.721.
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Background:Women are generally less represented as first author among original medical researches and clinical guidelines. Indeed, women are first authors in only 30% of clinical guidelines published in high impact medical journals. It is not known if a comparable underrepresentation occurs also in rheumatologic guidelines.Objectives:The aim of the present analysis is to evaluate the representation of female authors in rheumatological guidelines over a period of time between 2004 and 2019.Methods:We searched PubMed for guidelines published in English in the rheumatological field from 1st January 2004 to 1st January 2019. Gender of each author (man or woman) was identified by use of a minimum of two resources (i.e., author’s name and an internet search to identify the author’s photograph or gender pronoun).Results:We found 366 guidelines published between 2004 and 2019 (Table 1: stratified by year of publication and Table 2: stratified by disease). Overall, the proportion of female first authors was 32.0% (95% CI, 28.0% - 35%). After stratification by year of publication the percentage of female first authors was lower in past years compared to recent years. The percentage of female first author increased substantially over the time (Figure 1).Table 1.Percentage of female and male first author of rheumatological guidelines stratified by yearsYears% FEMALE%MALE2004 (n=14)21.478.62005 (n=21)23.876.22006 (n=25)32.068.02007 (n=32)37.562.52008 (n=43)20.979.12009 (n=18)33.366.72010 (n=15)6.793.32011 (n=27)25.974.12012 (n=27)25.974.12013 (n=20)48.351.72014 (n=20)25,075,02015 (n=13)46,253,82016 (n=20)45,055,02017 (n=29)51,748,32018 (n=22)40,959,1Table 2.Percentage of female and male first author of rheumatological guidelines stratified by diseaseDisease% FEMALE% MALEOsteoarthritis (n=34)26.573.5Rheumatoid arthritis (n=96)18.881.2Fibromyalgia (n=30)2080Lupus erythematosus (n=29)34.565.5Psoriatic arthritis and Spondyloarthritis (n=73)23.376.7Sjogren syndrome (n=5)4060Gout (n=19)10.589.5Systemic sclerosis (n=18)16.783.3Polymyalgia and Giant cells’ arteritis (n=12)0100Osteoporosis (n=26)30.869.2ANCA associated vasculitides (n=14)21.478.6Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis (n=6)5050Behcet’s disease (n=4)2575Figure 1.Temporal trend of the percentage of first author gender from 2004 to 2019 (male in blue, female in pink)Conclusion:We found a prevalence of male as first authors of guidelines in the rheumatological field published between January 2004 and January 2019. The EULAR Task Force on Gender Equity in Academic Rheumatology (EULAR GEAR) has been recently established, making an important first step toward gender equity in the authorship of guidelines in the rheumatological fields. Indeed, in the last 15 years we have witnessed an increase in female representativeness. Notwithstanding, efforts should be made to improve the representation of female authors nationally and internationally.Disclosure of Interests:Giovanni Adami: None declared, Ombretta Viapiana: None declared, Elisabetta Vantaggiato: None declared, Camilla Benini: None declared, Denise Rotta: None declared, Davide Gatti Speakers bureau: Davide Gatti reports personal fees from Abiogen, Amgen, Janssen-Cilag, Mundipharma, outside the submitted work., Maurizio Rossini Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Abiogen, Amgen, BMS, Eli-Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Sandoz and UCB
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Escalada, Javier, Francisco Ortin, and Ted Scully. "An Efficient Platform for the Automatic Extraction of Patterns in Native Code." Scientific Programming 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3273891.
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Different software tools, such as decompilers, code quality analyzers, recognizers of packed executable files, authorship analyzers, and malware detectors, search for patterns in binary code. The use of machine learning algorithms, trained with programs taken from the huge number of applications in the existing open source code repositories, allows finding patterns not detected with the manual approach. To this end, we have created a versatile platform for the automatic extraction of patterns from native code, capable of processing big binary files. Its implementation has been parallelized, providing important runtime performance benefits for multicore architectures. Compared to the single-processor execution, the average performance improvement obtained with the best configuration is 3.5 factors over the maximum theoretical gain of 4 factors.
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Hemsley, Bronwyn, Lucy Bryant, Ralf W. Schlosser, Howard C. Shane, Russell Lang, Diane Paul, Meher Banajee, and Marie Ireland. "Systematic review of facilitated communication 2014–2018 finds no new evidence that messages delivered using facilitated communication are authored by the person with disability." Autism & Developmental Language Impairments 3 (January 2018): 239694151882157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396941518821570.
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Background and aims Facilitated Communication (FC) is a technique that involves a person with a disability pointing to letters, pictures, or objects on a keyboard or on a communication board, typically with physical support from a “facilitator”. Proponents claim that FC reveals previously undetected literacy and communication skills in people with communication disability. However, systematic reviews conducted up to 2014 reveal no evidence that the messages generated using FC are authored by the person with a disability. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature on FC published between 2014 and 2018 to inform the 2018 update of the 1995 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Position Statement on FC. Method A systematic search was undertaken to locate articles about FC in English published in the peer reviewed literature since 2014; and to classify these according to the study design for analysis. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were classified according to four categories of evidence: (a) quantitative experimental data pertaining to authorship, (b) quantitative descriptive data on messages produced using FC, (c) qualitative data, or (d) commentary material on FC. Main contribution In total, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. There were no new empirical studies and no new descriptive quantitative studies addressing the authorship of messages delivered using FC. Three new qualitative studies qualified for inclusion; these did not first establish authorship. Of the 15 new commentary papers on FC located, 14 were critical and one was non-critical. The results could be used to inform the development or update of current position statements on FC held locally, nationally, and globally. Conclusion There are no new studies on authorship and there remains no evidence that FC is a valid form of communication for individuals with severe communication disabilities. There continue to be no studies available demonstrating that individuals with communication disabilities are the authors of the messages generated using FC. Furthermore, there is substantial peer-reviewed literature that is critical of FC and warns against its use. Implications FC continues to be contested in high profile court cases and its use promoted in school settings and workshops at university campuses in the US. Our empty systematic review will influence both clinical practice and future clinical guidance; most immediately the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Position Statement on FC and any future guidance issued by the 19 associations worldwide with positions against FC.
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Leal, Miguel C., Jaime M. Anaya-Rojas, Murray H. G. Munro, John W. Blunt, Carlos J. Melian, Ricardo Calado, and Moritz D. Lürig. "Fifty years of capacity building in the search for new marine natural products." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 39 (September 14, 2020): 24165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007610117.
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The Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Nagoya Protocol in particular, provide a framework for the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of biological resources and traditional knowledge, and ultimately aim to promote capacity-building in the developing world. However, measuring capacity-building is a challenging task due to its intangible nature. By compiling and analyzing a database of scientific peer-reviewed publications over a period of 50 y (1965 to 2015), we investigated capacity-building in global marine natural product discovery. We used publication and authorship metrics to assess how the capacity to become scientifically proficient, prolific, and independent has changed in bioprospecting countries. Our results show that marine bioprospecting is a dynamically growing field of research with continuously increasing numbers of participating countries, publications, and scientists. Yet despite longstanding efforts to promote equitability and scientific independence, not all countries have similarly increased their capacity to explore marine biodiversity within their national jurisdiction areas. Although developing countries show an increasing trend in the number of publications, a few developed countries still account for almost one-half of all publications in the field. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that economic capacity affects how well countries with species-rich marine ecosystems can scientifically explore those resources. Overall, the capacity-building data analyzed here provides a timely contribution to the ongoing international debate about access to and benefit-sharing of biological resources for countries exploring biodiversity within and outside their national jurisdiction areas.