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1
Ciucescu, Nicoleta. "SOME ASPECTS CONCERNING THE ATTRIBUTES OF CONDUCTING." STUDIES AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES. ECONOMICS EDITION, no. 13 (December 17, 2008): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29358/sceco.v0i13.11.
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The activity of the management has a millennial existence, during it have been realized multiple progresses which have contributed to the developement of the society in its assembly. The evolution of the human society makes possible the progress in the science of conducting. In all kinds of companies, without keeping into account their domain of activity (industry, trading, tourism, agriculture etc.) or their dimensions, it appears the atributes of the conducting. In each organization the attributes of the conducting are present at all hierarchical levels. Each manager disposes on authority, power, responsability; they differ sensibly from a hierarchical level to another.
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BAHADOR, MOHD HERRY, NORSAADAH ISAHAK, and NURAINI ABD RAZAK. "IMPLICATIONS OF EMPLOYEES’ WORKLOAD IN BANKING INDUSTRY: A CASE OF BIMB BRANCHES IN CENTRAL 3 REGIONS." Management and Accounting Review (MAR) 18, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mar.v18i2.927.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the implications of employee’s workload in Banking Industry: A case of BIMB branches in Central 3 regions. The ultimate of this study to examine whether the implications of employees’ workload in BIMB branches in Central 3 regions influence by attributes of stress, job performance and attitudes that has been encountered previously. The outcome of this study however examine that only two attributes are significantly give a positive outcome which are attitudes and job performance arising from the implications of workload. Therefore, SWOT analysis tools being used to evaluate internal and external forces organization and evaluate the benchmark BIMB with industry players such AmBank Islamic, Maybank Islamic and BIMB Branches. The results yield from the CPM findings indicates that Maybank Islamic higher scores are contributed by reward system and employment loyalty compared to BIMB and AmBank Islamic. Furthermore it will be supported by the Adam’s Equity of Motivation theory to assist Regional Managers of BIMB Branches in Central 3 regions to improvise and enhances the employees-employers exchange to change the employee’s attitudes and improve employee’s performances. The Regional Manager may appoint the employees who achieving exceed performance from his or her performance evaluation previously by giving them a role of authorithy such authority to couching of new employees on work process and schedule, inviting them in making decision in the managerial roles and organizational conferences meeting.
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Sun, Jianguo, Yang Yang, Zechao Liu, and Yuqing Qiao. "Multi-Authority Criteria-Based Encryption Scheme for IoT." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (July 17, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9174630.
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Currently, the Internet of Things (IoT) provides individuals with real-time data processing and efficient data transmission services, relying on extensive edge infrastructures. However, those infrastructures may disclose sensitive information of consumers without authorization, which makes data access control to be widely researched. Ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) is regarded as an effective cryptography tool for providing users with a fine-grained access policy. In prior ABE schemes, the attribute universe is only managed by a single trusted central authority (CA), which leads to a reduction in security and efficiency. In addition, all attributes are considered equally important in the access policy. Consequently, the access policy cannot be expressed flexibly. In this paper, we propose two schemes with a new form of encryption named multi-authority criteria-based encryption (CE) scheme. In this context, the schemes express each criterion as a polynomial and have a weight on it. Unlike ABE schemes, the decryption will succeed if and only if a user satisfies the access policy and the weight exceeds the threshold. The proposed schemes are proved to be secure under the decisional bilinear Diffie–Hellman exponent assumption (q-BDHE) in the standard model. Finally, we provide an implementation of our works, and the simulation results indicate that our schemes are highly efficient.
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Hällgren, Markus, and Marcus Lindahl. "Coping with lack of authority." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 10, no. 2 (April 4, 2017): 244–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-04-2016-0036.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and explore alternative coping strategies that may compensate for the limitations of weak governance structure in a product development project. Design/methodology/approach The findings are based on a single case study, including interviews and documents, of a product development project that consists of two interlinked projects in a large multinational company. Findings Two distinct procedures are identified to cope and manage effectively when there are weak project governance structures. The first procedure is a horizontal process of operational consensus-seeking where conflicts between projects are negotiated and resolved through communication between independent actors such as two project managers who are at the same hierarchical level within the same organization. The second process is a vertical process of strategic escalation where issues that have failed to be resolved are shifted upwards to a new hierarchical level where a new round of operational consensus-seeking is attempted. Research limitations/implications This paper complements the existing understanding of project governance with a project-as-practice perspective. Based on the findings the authors suggest that project governance needs to be nuanced in its understanding since a too-structured approach may in fact increase tensions in an organization. Practical implications Practical insights include how organizations may work with its project governance structures in order to avoid tensions. The authors suggest that, in particular, politically sensitive situations may be avoided by weak rather than strong governance structures. Social implications The authors find that weak governance structures may be efficient for the organization, but harmful to personnel, who become too focused on the task at hand. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge very little research has been attributed to project governance from a practice approach. Moreover, most attention has been given to strong structures, thereby not examining the positive implications of weak structures.
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Martin, Fiona, Ann Cahill, Evana Wright, and Natalie Stoianoff. "An international approach to establishing a Competent Authority to manage and protect traditional knowledge." Alternative Law Journal 44, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x18815254.
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This article discusses the establishment of a Competent Authority in accordance with the Nagoya Protocol to ensure that traditional knowledge of Indigenous communities is accessed subject to free, prior and informed consent and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of such use. It builds on research expressing the view that the design and development of a Competent Authority should take a grass roots approach. It analyses the authorities established in the Cook Islands and Vanuatu that include significant Indigenous voice and concludes with comments on the attributes of each system and its limitations.
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Rosadi, Aden. "Amil Zakat Menurut Hukum Islam dan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan." Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v11i2.1295.
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Amil zakah (zakah manager/distributor) is one of supporting pillars to the success of zakah management. From juridical view, it is related to Islamic law, but politically it is close to the state policy especially the zakah management policy. The involvement of the state in zakah management depends on the fundamental issue that makes zakah as part of qad}a>’i> and diya>ni> law. Islamic law that has diya>ni> attribute is very dependent on the religious awareness of Islamic society itself. While the qad}a>’i> law involves certain institutions that have legal power to impose and ensure the enforcement of Islamic law in the society. Therefore, zakah managers require strong authority, because they will deal with the community with various level of faith. It is concluded that the success of zakah management should be supported by three aspects, namely substance, structural, and legal awareness.
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Cheng, Rui, Kehe Wu, Yuling Su, Wei Li, Wenchao Cui, and Jie Tong. "An Efficient ECC-Based CP-ABE Scheme for Power IoT." Processes 9, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9071176.
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The rapid development of the power Internet of Things (IoT) has greatly enhanced the level of security, quality and efficiency in energy production, energy consumption, and related fields. However, it also puts forward higher requirements for the security and privacy of data. Ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) is considered a suitable method to solve this issue and can implement fine-grained access control. However, its internal bilinear pairing operation is too expensive, which is not suitable for power IoT with limited computing resources. Hence, in this paper, a novel CP-ABE scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is proposed, which replaces the bilinear pairing operation with simple scalar multiplication and outsources most of the decryption work to edge devices. In addition, time and location attributes are combined in the proposed scheme, allowing the data users to access only within the range of time and locations set by the data owners to achieve a more fine-grained access control function. Simultaneously, the scheme uses multiple authorities to manage attributes, thereby solving the performance bottleneck of having a single authority. A performance analysis demonstrates that the proposed scheme is effective and suitable for power IoT.
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Gabriel, Arneil G., Gloria M. Alcantara, and Josephina D. G. Alvarez. "How Do Millennial Managers Lead Older Employees? The Philippine Workplace Experience." SAGE Open 10, no. 1 (January 2020): 215824402091465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020914651.
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As millennial workers enter and dominate the global workforce by 2025, understanding their leadership styles is vital to bring about higher level of performance and productivity in the workplace. The Millennials, the next generation of leaders, are entering the workforce and assuming leadership positions in a relatively short period. More often, they found themselves leading employees that are older than themselves and yet their leadership traits and styles are not fully understood. The study explores factors affecting leadership styles of millennial managers and how they are manifested and applied in managing and resolving conflict involving older subordinates. Using a qualitative approach, it employs interviews, participant observation, and prolonged engagement with four millennial managers from the National Food Authority in the Philippines as they lead, manage, and interact with their older staff. Data collected were triangulated by document analysis and interview of the millennial managers’ subordinates themselves. The results of the study show that the participants’ leadership competencies are in the early stages of development. The participants consider building good impression and rapport highlighting the importance of soft skills in leadership, strong sense of respect, reverse mentoring, delegation of tasks, and the ability to handle expectations and performance as factors in managing older employees. This study draws the attention to examining the leadership attributes and potentials of Filipino millennial managers in the context of Philippine workplace culture using insights from Public Administration, Social Sciences, and Psychology.
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Protasov, Valeriy. ""THE EFFECTIVE CONTRACT" AND "THE EFFECTIVE MANAGERS" AS A MIRROR OF MODERN RUSSIAN BUREAUCRACY." Advances in Law Studies 7, no. 3 (December 19, 2019): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-5087-2019-7-3-6-10.
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It is underlined absurd methods of management as an attribute of an extreme degree of bureaucracy of administrative system. It are marked absurd of the tendency in management of modern Russian formation (education) and science. The nature of such displays of modern Russian bureaucracy, as " the effective contract " and " the effective managers " is analyzed. The objective inability of bureaucracy is shown to operate a science and formation (education). The problem of the contract of the Supreme authority and bureaucracy is put.
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Bhosale, Rahul. "The Effect of Manager’s Decision on the Perception of the “Leadership vs. Authority” of the Subordinates." Scholedge International Journal of Management & Development ISSN 2394-3378 2, no. 12 (January 11, 2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19085/journal.sijmd021203.
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There have been long debates among scholars, and practitioners on the definition of leadership and whether leadership significantly differs from authority (Farmer & Aguinis, 2005). For example, in my opinion, leadership is defined by followers. Sullivan (2012) suggests, leadership varies based on the followers’ perception of leadership, culture, beliefs, and needs, with needs being the most important driving force of the leadership. However, different people, from different geographic area, field of working and so on, have different conceptions of leadership. This difference can be attributed to various factors that affect people’s decision about who can be their leader. In most cases, managers of the organization at any level are perceived as the centers of action, influence, and power. They make decisions that affect the subordinates and the entire organization. These decisions have positive, negative, or neutral impacts on the subordinates. Managers’ decisions in the workplace determine whether the subordinates perceive the supervisors as leaders or authority figures or both. This paper discusses the cause of mangers’ decisions, the effects of such decisions on subordinates’ lives, and factors that influence people’s perception of supervisors as leaders or authority figures. Understanding the relation between the causation, effect and consequences of those decisions and employee’ perception about leadership can give the direction to Managers for leading the people in prolific way. Distinguishing between leader and authority figure from the view of an employee help the superiors to enhance the people management skills.
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Lee, Min Kyung. "Understanding perception of algorithmic decisions: Fairness, trust, and emotion in response to algorithmic management." Big Data & Society 5, no. 1 (January 2018): 205395171875668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053951718756684.
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Algorithms increasingly make managerial decisions that people used to make. Perceptions of algorithms, regardless of the algorithms' actual performance, can significantly influence their adoption, yet we do not fully understand how people perceive decisions made by algorithms as compared with decisions made by humans. To explore perceptions of algorithmic management, we conducted an online experiment using four managerial decisions that required either mechanical or human skills. We manipulated the decision-maker (algorithmic or human), and measured perceived fairness, trust, and emotional response. With the mechanical tasks, algorithmic and human-made decisions were perceived as equally fair and trustworthy and evoked similar emotions; however, human managers' fairness and trustworthiness were attributed to the manager's authority, whereas algorithms' fairness and trustworthiness were attributed to their perceived efficiency and objectivity. Human decisions evoked some positive emotion due to the possibility of social recognition, whereas algorithmic decisions generated a more mixed response – algorithms were seen as helpful tools but also possible tracking mechanisms. With the human tasks, algorithmic decisions were perceived as less fair and trustworthy and evoked more negative emotion than human decisions. Algorithms' perceived lack of intuition and subjective judgment capabilities contributed to the lower fairness and trustworthiness judgments. Positive emotion from human decisions was attributed to social recognition, while negative emotion from algorithmic decisions was attributed to the dehumanizing experience of being evaluated by machines. This work reveals people's lay concepts of algorithmic versus human decisions in a management context and suggests that task characteristics matter in understanding people's experiences with algorithmic technologies.
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Akinyi, Vivian, and Mr Okumu. "LINKING CHANGE TO SUCCESS OF ORGANIZATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF KENYA REVENUE AUTHORITY." Journal of Business and Strategic Management 1, no. 2 (November 2, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jbsm.17.
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Purpose: The focused on linking change to success organization in the case of Kenya Revenue Authority.Methodology: A case study design was adopted. The population entailed 180 employees in management at KRA. A sample of 20% of the management employees was considered representative. Therefore, 36 managers were selected using a stratified systematic sampling technique where every fifth (5th) manager in the list obtained from the department was included in the sample. Primary data was collected by the use of a questionnaire and was the main data used in the research. Secondary data involved collection of already processed information such as KRA performance reports for the fiscal year 2004/2005, 2006/2007 and 2007/2008. The data collected was analysed by use of correlation analysis. In addition, general data such as demographics was analysed by use of descriptive statistics such as means and percentages. The data was then presented using tables, graphs and charts.Results: The type of change observed at KTRA was strategic change as opposed to evolutionary change. In addition, the management of KRA believed that people are rational and will follow their self-interest once it is revealed to them. A strong positive correlation was found to exist between the reform costs and the performance variables. Consequently a positive movement in the cost element of the reform initiatives was accompanied by a positive movement in the performance and vice versa. It was also noted that the costs of the reform /change initiatives were positive correlated with each other. Furthermore the three performance variables had a strong positive correlation with each other. Finally, it was observed that the significant sources of resistance were related to both the formulation and implementation stages of change managementUnique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that the sources of resistance to change be addressed in order to boost the performance of KRA in terms of revenue collection and soft performance such as employee satisfaction and morale as well as customer satisfaction. The researcher suspects that the impressive performance of KRA is also attributed to good economic performance. Consequently, it is recommended that further research into the relationship between economic indicators such as interest rates, inflation rates, gross National product and KRA performance.
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Rindani, Fiena, and Sulistyo Puspitodjati. "Integration of Webqual Method to Importance Performance Analysis and Kano Model to Analyze System Quality of E-Government: Case Study LAPOR!" Jurnal Sistem Informasi 16, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21609/jsi.v16i2.937.
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The management of public complaints in many institutions in Indonesia has not been managed effectively and integrated. Each institution works partially and not coordinated well. This causes duplication of handling complaint, or worse is a complaint possibly not handled by any of institution, due to the reason that the complaint is not their authority. For this reason, the Government of the Republic of Indonesia established a S4N-LAPOR!. Meanwhile, there are still some deficiencies in LAPOR. This research purpose is to analyze/evaluate LAPOR using an integration of Webqual method to Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) and Kano model. This research is only carried out by analyzing web-based LAPOR services. The questionnaires are distributed to 159 respondents. The webqual method is used to determine the dimension and attributes, while the IPA and Kano model is conducted for data analysis. The integration from the results of both data analysis shows that there are 14-attributes out of 23 that need to be the priority for LAPOR improvements.
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Zafar, Irfan, Geoffrey Qiping Shen, Hafiz Zahoor, Jin Xue, and E. M. A. C. Ekanayake. "Dynamic stakeholder salience mapping framework for highway route alignment decisions: China–Pakistan Economic Corridor as a case study." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 47, no. 11 (November 2020): 1297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2019-0308.
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Undervaluing the stakeholders’ attributes, salience, and potential to impact a project during its planning and execution may result in stakeholders’ dissatisfaction, distrust, and opposition, leading to project controversies, cost overrun, schedule delays, and even project cessation. The existing stakeholders’ management typologies due to their inherent limitations are unable to provide the project managers with an optimal and comprehensive solution. The present study proposes a framework to improve the stakeholders’ management process by a novel way of mapping stakeholders’ attribute-based salience and potential impact probability into a dynamic stakeholder relational matrix. The framework was validated through a case study conducted on a mega-highway project from China–Pakistan Economic Corridor. The data was collected through a questionnaire survey and analyzed using SPSS. Twelve stakeholder groups with 36 stakeholders were identified. Stakeholders’ salience index and stakeholders’ impact probability were computed and mapped in the stakeholders’ salience assessment matrix (SSAM). The findings revealed significant dominance of the political hierarchy, project management, and defense services in the alignment selection process. Environmentalists, community, local authority, and non-governmental organizations were found deprived of reasonable participation opportunities, and their presence is often undermined and neglected in the selection process. However, the logical stakeholders’ classification and corresponding relational and engagement strategies offered by SSAM are expected to compensate the disparity and improve transparency in the decision process. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by proposing a comprehensive framework that integrates stakeholders’ salience, potential impact, and relational strategy simultaneously. The framework is expected to aid project managers during crucial project decision-making stages to assess stakeholders, their participation provisos, and desired engagement approaches. The proposed framework exhibits the requisite flexibility for its application on diverse infrastructure projects with certain project-specific modifications.
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Kenyon, Joan, and Irene Ilott. "Bridging the Gap — Employment and Education, Part 2: Education into Practice." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 60, no. 8 (August 1997): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269706000803.
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The second part of the article evaluating the South Trent In-Service Diploma Course in Occupational Therapy contains the results of a one-year follow-up destination survey of the ex-students, their then line managers and the representatives of the sponsoring authorities. There was a high retention level, with 18 of the 19 respondents still working for their sponsoring authority. A majority agreed that the course had provided value for money, producing competent entry-level therapists as defined by the College of Occupational Therapists. The ex-students perceived themselves to be more confident when compared with peers who had undertaken a full-time route. This difference was attributed to their previous life and work experience. These outcomes provide evidence for the effectiveness of a course grounded in the practice context.
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Mohammed Ali M. Al-Rubaidi and Abdulelah Ahmed Khobah. "The Impact of the Standards Implementation of Internal Audit Attributes on the Internal Control System Effectiveness: A Field Study of Banks in Yemen." مجلة الدراسات الاجتماعية 26, no. 4 (March 2, 2021): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20428/jss.26.4.5.
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This study aimed to investigate the impact of the implementation of internal audit characteristics on the effectiveness of the internal control system in banks in Yemen. To achieve the objective of this study, a questionnaire was designed as a tool for collecting the data from the study community which consisted of (18) banks in Yemen, (14) of which, in Sana'a city, were taken as a sample. The sample consisted of 190 employees selected from the internal auditors, internal audit committees and finance managers. The SPSS was used to analyze 155 questionnaires that were valid for analysis. The results of the study revealed that there is a statistically significant positive impact on the implementation of all standards of internal audit characteristics on the effectiveness of the internal control system. In the light of the findings, the study recommends that the Yemeni banks should adopt procedures to enhance the effectiveness of the internal control system, including providing sufficient authority for the internal audit activity The team of internal audit should have absolute independence and continuous training in line with international standards and developments; in addition, conducting a periodic and continuous evaluation of the internal audit activity is recommended to enhance the effectiveness of the internal control system.
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Froelicher, David, Patricia Egger, João Sá Sousa, Jean Louis Raisaro, Zhicong Huang, Christian Mouchet, Bryan Ford, and Jean-Pierre Hubaux. "UnLynx: A Decentralized System for Privacy-Conscious Data Sharing." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2017, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 232–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popets-2017-0047.
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Abstract Current solutions for privacy-preserving data sharing among multiple parties either depend on a centralized authority that must be trusted and provides only weakest-link security (e.g., the entity that manages private/secret cryptographic keys), or leverage on decentralized but impractical approaches (e.g., secure multi-party computation). When the data to be shared are of a sensitive nature and the number of data providers is high, these solutions are not appropriate. Therefore, we present UnLynx, a new decentralized system for efficient privacy-preserving data sharing. We consider m servers that constitute a collective authority whose goal is to verifiably compute on data sent from n data providers. UnLynx guarantees the confidentiality, unlinkability between data providers and their data, privacy of the end result and the correctness of computations by the servers. Furthermore, to support differentially private queries, UnLynx can collectively add noise under encryption. All of this is achieved through a combination of a set of new distributed and secure protocols that are based on homomorphic cryptography, verifiable shuffling and zero-knowledge proofs. UnLynx is highly parallelizable and modular by design as it enables multiple security/privacy vs. runtime tradeoffs. Our evaluation shows that UnLynx can execute a secure survey on 400,000 personal data records containing 5 encrypted attributes, distributed over 20 independent databases, for a total of 2,000,000 ciphertexts, in 24 minutes.
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Leutert, Wendy, and Samantha A. Vortherms. "Personnel Power: Governing State-Owned Enterprises." Business and Politics 23, no. 3 (June 7, 2021): 419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bap.2021.5.
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AbstractState-owned enterprises (SOEs) retain a strong presence in many economies around the world. How do governments manage these firms given their dual economic and political nature? Many states use authority over executive appointments as a key means of governing SOEs. We analyze the nature of this “personnel power” by assessing patterns in SOE leaders’ political mobility in China, the country with the largest state-owned sector. Using logit and multinomial models on an original dataset of central SOE leaders’ attributes and company information from 2003 to 2017, we measure the effects of economic performance and political connectedness on leaders’ likelihood of staying in power. We find that leaders of well-performing firms and those with patronage ties to elites in charge of their evaluation are more likely to stay in office. These findings suggest that states can leverage personnel power in pursuit of economic and political stability when SOE management is highly politically integrated.
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Klotz, Maren. "Genetic Knowledge and Family Identity: Managing Gamete Donation in Britain and Germany." Sociology 47, no. 5 (October 2013): 939–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038513501729.
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Reproductive technologies involving donated eggs or sperm continue to elicit questions regarding family identity and the accessibility of genetic information in Europe. Both policy-makers and affected parents are faced with decisions about how to manage donor-data. Using ethnographic findings and policy analysis, this article compares modes of regulation in Germany and Britain, which variously authorise actors to manage kinship information and family formation. I consider the role of interest groups for affected parents and analyse how they contribute to a moral framing of the decision – if, when and how to tell a child about the donor. This ‘moralisation’, reflecting wider contemporary endorsement of information sharing within family life, tends to encourage early disclosure practices among so-called families-by-donation. German parents expressed greater anxiety about disclosure than British parents, which I attribute to greater regulatory uncertainty and to tensions between clinical pressures of secrecy and the moral pressure for information sharing.
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Ranabhat, K., and D. R. Paudyal. "SMARTPHONE-BASED VOLUNTEERED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (VGI) FOR SLUM MAPPING IN POKHARA CITY OF NEPAL." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W3 (December 5, 2019): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-w3-91-2019.
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Abstract. Informal settlements in urban areas are increasing rapidly throughout the world and regularisation of these settlements is being one of the challenging issues. Various study results have shown that conventional cadastral based information system approach and government managed institutional arrangements do not appropriately address land management issues of slum settlements. The aim of this study is to explore application of smartphone based Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) and open spatial tools for slum mapping in developing countries such as in Nepal. A case of Pokhara Metropolitan city has been considered to explore the potential of utilization of smartphone based VGI and open spatial tools for slum mapping. Attribute and spatial data were collected using Smartphones and community-driven approach. Spatial and attribute data collected from 229 respondents of household’s surveys are integrated, analysed and interpreted and presented in this paper. Open Street Map (OSM) platforms and QGIS open source software have been used for slum mapping. These maps could play an important role in providing spatial information to the local government and planning authority in Nepal. This research paper concludes that smartphone based VGI and open portals such OSM have great potential to contribute to develop slum database and in providing information to plan various strategies, which aims at understanding, regularisation and upgrading slums.
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Banit, Olga. "The Influence of External and Internal Factors on Forming the System of Managers’ Professional Development at Transnational Corporations in Poland." Comparative Professional Pedagogy 7, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rpp-2017-0037.
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Abstract The author performs analysis of external and internal factors that influence organization of the system of Polish managers’ professional development. These factors can be united into two groups. We will attribute the factors formed under the influence of external factors to the first group, to the second - the internal ones. So, due to the dynamic changes in economy and business, which take place in the world in general, and in Europe in particular, the first group covers the following three directions: 1) the national and political position of Poland and its geographical location (EU membership and close proximity to the highly developed European countries); 2) the socioeconomic condition of Poland at the present stage (intensive economic development and its rapid international exit, the growth of the number of transnational corporations and their subdivisions, thus, investment growth, including in transport industry: as the host country, Poland is considered to be one of the largest transport basins in Europe; the growing popularity of TNC among the Poles as the most desirable employer); 3) the manpower (cheap labour, employment opportunities and the prospect of professional development, the increasing demand for highly skilled managers for positions of heads’ divisions of transnational corporations). The internal factors of the second group should be considered at two levels: at the organizational level (in particular TNC) and the level of personnel (in our case, managers). At the organizational level, we can notice changes in approaches to manpower management (the employer’s market is transformed into a worker’s market) and the growth of investment in training and personnel development, and also the involvement of top managers in the process of training and personnel development. There are the following trends at the personnel level: the possibility of rapid career in TNC, the growth of authority of Polish managers at the international level.
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Luke, Timothy W. "Tracing race, ethnicity, and civilization in the Anthropocene." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 38, no. 1 (September 20, 2018): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775818798030.
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This study critically reconsiders how the Anthropocene concept defines today’s trends in rapid anthropogenic climate change. As the proposed label for a new geological epoch, it is influencing contemporary debates in many fields of research, because these changes allegedly are caused by all human beings. This explanation, however, is simplistic. Material inequalities between different racial, ethnic, and class groups are the outcome of conflicts won and lost in historical time. Unequal economic growth has produced small concentrations of winners and large groups of losers along existing racial, class, and ethnic divisions in human societies. The destructive material by-products of such inequality now appear to be registering in geological time due to rapid climate change. The Anthropocene concept, in turn, must be challenged on how it constructs theoretical binaries, like self/other, us/them, nature/culture, or happenstance/design, in social theory and collective action. The analysis suggests many understandings of the Anthropocene are politicized interpretations of anthropogenic events in the environment that wrongly attribute them to all humanity as a species when they largely have been caused by a few privileged human beings in white, wealthy Western countries. The argument traces the impact of those social forces in history with specific technological, political, financial, and cultural capacities for mystifying how science and technology reproduce enlightenment as whiteness. Such social forces appear far more responsible for the extreme anthropogenic changes behind the Anthropocene than all humanity as such. This outcome also generates special benefits for them, as planetary managers, while they deploy scientific and technical authority to impose heavy costs on the managed. Given how the material effects of such inequality are altering global environments, the Anthropocene concept is a political problem that merits closer critical reconsideration.
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Mirzeler, Mustafa Kemal. "The Tricksters of Karamoja." History in Africa 34 (2007): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2007.0015.
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Karamojong oral tradition provides several trickster characters such as the rabbit, the self-appointed moral guard. This rabbit pretends to defend the weak and the powerless, yet secretly steals from them, but in the end gets exposed for what it really is. Then there is the clever fox, which skilfully tricks people with its clever manipulations, convincing them that it is honest and upright, not unlike the rabbit, but then it too gets caught stealing. Napeikisina, the one-breasted villain trickster, the symbol of humanity's penchant for evil, masquerades her insatiable cannibalistic propensities and desire for recognition, but her penchant for evil eventually becomes apparent, thus frightening people, and like all the other tricksters she too gets caught.Ben Knighton seems to possess some of the attributes of some of these tricksters. With amazing legerdemain, he skilfully manages to conjure up oral and written texts in an attempt to persuade people to believe that what they read is authentic, in order to offer himself as the paramount authority on all matters Karamoja. But he too ends up getting caught, like all the Karamojong tricksters.
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Ward, Vicky, Robert West, Simon Smith, Steven McDermott, Justin Keen, Ray Pawson, and Allan House. "The role of informal networks in creating knowledge among health-care managers: a prospective case study." Health Services and Delivery Research 2, no. 12 (May 2014): 1–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr02120.
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BackgroundHealth and well-being services, in common with many public services, cannot be delivered by a single organisation and require co-ordination across several organisations in a locality. There is some evidence, mostly from other sectors, that middle managers play pivotal roles in this co-ordination by developing networks of relationships with colleagues in other organisations. These networks of relationships, established over time, provide contexts in which managers can, collectively, create the knowledge needed to address the challenges they encounter. Relatively little is known, however, about how these knowledge-creation processes work in a health-care context.AimThis study focuses on how health and well-being managers collectively create knowledge. Our objectives were to develop a better understanding of the way that knowledge is created within and between health-care organisations, across different managerial levels, and of the role played by informal networks in those processes.MethodsThe study was undertaken in health and well-being services in three sites in northern England, employing a case study design. The field methods used were landscape mapping, structured data collection for network analysis and latent position cluster analysis, and semi-structured interviews for narrative analysis. Our network modelling approach used the concepts of latent position network models and latent position cluster models. We used these models to identify clusters of people within networks, and people who acted as bridgers between clusters. We then interviewed middle managers who – on the evidence of our cluster models – occupied similar positions in our graphs. The latter were used to produce practice-based narratives of knowledge creation.ResultsOur narrative results showed that middle managers were synthesisers, in three different senses. First, they draw on different types of information, from a range of sources – quantitative routine data about populations and services, reports on progress against contractual targets, research evidence, and intelligence from colleagues in other localities. Second, they are able to link national policies and local priorities, and reconcile them with local operational realities. They are not always successful, but can integrate the different approaches and working practices of NHS, local authority, private and voluntary organisations. Third, they are able to link ideas, negotiation and action. We found that the network results were most usefully represented asclusters, explaining relationships between actors. Actors within clusters had common attributes, and as a result we were able to interpret the broad purpose of each of the clusters in the graphs for each site. The most useful number of clusters was three or four for both network types, and for both sampling periods, at each of the three sites. The clusters at all three sites had a mix of organisations represented within them. There was a mix of seniorities of managers in all clusters. Relationships were simultaneously formal and informal: formal contracts were managed in a context of ongoing conversations and negotiations. Relationships were simultaneously stable and fluid, with stable ‘cores’ of managers but memberships that varied substantially between two periods of data collection.ConclusionsOur theory about knowledge creation was broadly supported. Managers of health and well-being services develop and maintain knowledge collectively. Their collective efforts are typically manifested either in projects requiring multiorganisational inputs or in taking ideas from genesis to the delivery of a new service. The cluster modelling suggests that networks of managers are able to maintain relationships, and hence conserve technical and prudential knowledge, over months and years. Priorities for future work include establishing the value of latent cluster modelling in understanding the work of groups and teams in other health and social care settings, and studying knowledge creation in the context of the interorganisational co-ordination of services.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Sutcliffe, Caroline, Rowan Jasper, Jane Hughes, Michele Abendstern, and David Challis. "Care coordination in adult social care: Exploring service characteristics within the non-statutory sector in England." Journal of Social Work 18, no. 5 (June 20, 2016): 501–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017316654363.
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Summary As a result of national policy in respect of social care of adults in England, the non-statutory sector is increasingly more evident in the provision of care services previously undertaken by local government, including the delivery of care coordination for older people. However, little is currently known about the scope, content, or quality of services providing care coordination within this sector. This article reports the findings from a postal survey undertaken in January 2014 of non-statutory organisations in England providing care coordination services and investigates variations in their key attributes. Organisations providing care coordination services were identified using various strategies to create a database of services. Questionnaires encompassing several areas of enquiry were mailed to managers of care coordination services identified from the database. Findings There was similarity in the operation of the care coordination services sampled. Many were small-scale services, contract-funded, and providing short-term support. Volunteer staff were a feature of most services. All services worked to written protocols and standards and almost all levied no charge. Many shared information with healthcare or local authority staff with user consent. Service user satisfaction was measured and used for service improvement. Application This is one of the first studies undertaken in England to investigate the provision of care coordination by the non-statutory sector and to identify patterns of variation in key service attributes. Implications for commissioners, service providers, workforce, and social workers are further discussed. The findings provide baseline data against which future developments can be measured.
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Cameron, Julie. "Governance structure, mechanisms and methods for managing collaborative eBusiness projects." Journal on Chain and Network Science 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2006): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2006.x072.
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Increasingly ebusiness projects are undertaken by collaborations. Many collaborative ebusiness projects fail to achieve their stated objectives due partly to inadequate project management. Additional management functions result from the lack of central authority and the characteristics of the three levels involved in these projects: the participating organizations that voluntarily collaborate (a form of virtual organization) to achieve agreed ebusiness objectives; the project teams (normally operating as "virtual" teams); and representatives from participating organizations. Because management functions change during the three stages of the "Collaborative Project Management Lifecycle"©®, it is proposed that the governance structure, mechanisms and methods adopted also need to change to effectively coordinate participating organizations and manage project activities. This proposal is evaluated using case studies of five Australian ebusiness collaborative projects. The paper contributes to practice by comparing various governance structures, mechanisms and methods and discussing the implications from a management perspective. The results are used to suggest governance structures, mechanisms and methods appropriate to key attributes of collaborative ebusiness projects. The paper synthesizes and builds on existing research related to collaborations, project management, virtual organizations and virtual teams, and then applies these findings to a real world environment.
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Marx, Johan, and Cecilia Jacoba de Swardt. "Towards a competency-based undergraduate qualification in risk management." Qualitative Research in Financial Markets 12, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 96–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrfm-10-2018-0110.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is first to determine the competencies required of risk managers and second to consider the implications of such competencies in determining modules for inclusion in the curriculum framework of an undergraduate qualification in risk management. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research approach was followed, involving risk management professionals in a focus group and making use of interactive qualitative analysis (IQA). Findings The competencies identified are managerial and risk management knowledge, attributes such as assertiveness and steadfastness and ethical values, as well as people and technical skills. These are explained in greater detail in this paper. Research limitations/implications The unique contribution of the current research was the innovative use of IQA for data collection, the removal of subjectivity and the rigour in analysing and presenting the results. The results provide a starting point for designing a curriculum that will both meet the requirements of the professional body and will equip graduates with the best possible combination of knowledge, attributes, values and skills needed by the risk management profession. The implications for further research include that a comparative IQA study of the competencies of risk managers using academics from the field could be undertaken, as well as a study of the design, benchmarking and validation of a proposed curriculum for an undergraduate degree in risk management. The purpose of this study was not to compile a curriculum for a new BCom (risk management). However, this was beyond the scope of the current study. IQA uses rigour and eliminates the bias of the researcher, and the one limitation of this research lies in the use of a focus group, which resulted in the findings not being generalizable as the case would have been with a representative sample used in the positivist paradigm and using appropriate statistical analysis. However, this study was exploratory and could serve as a valuable starting point for further research in this area to perform a comprehensive curriculum development. Practical implications This study found that constituents of the focus group perceived that the following competencies are required of risk managers, namely, knowledge, skills, attributes and values. These competencies correspond closely with the competencies indicated in the Risk and Insurance Management Society (RIMS) Professional Core Competency Model, except that RIMS subdivides knowledge into three categories, namely, business, organisational and risk management knowledge. Similarly, RIMS distinguishes between management skills and technical skills. The attributes identified by the focus group of this study were similar to those identified by RIMS. However, the focus group emphasised values such as integrity, ethical conduct, respect and accountability. However, unlike RIMS, these were not perceived as one of the five core competencies, but rather as a stand-alone competency in its own right, which risk managers need to be successful. RIMS could consider reviewing its core competencies by allocating three closely related aspects, namely communication, collaboration and consultation to technical skills. Core competencies may be replaced by core values, which are literally at the centre of all the competencies required. Such core values are enhanced by the RIMS Code of Ethics (2019) and significantly contribute to the professionalization of risk management. RIMS could also consider providing guidelines to universities for those competencies that could be taught or learnt, to be included in their curricula and to accredit universities who meet such requirements. Social implications The findings of this study also serve as a starting point for the reintroduction of a BCom (risk management) degree by Unisa. Despite the requirements of the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) and the Council for Higher Education (CHE), this study demonstrated that a specialised degree in risk management needs to be offered to meet the need expressed by IRMSA for professional risk managers in Southern Africa, and such a degree should ideally be curriculated based on the competencies identified in this article. The implication for public policy is that SAQA and the CHE need to reconsider their rigid stance about the composition of specialised qualifications, and rather set a range of 33-50% for subjects from the field of specialisation that must be included in the curricula of specialised degrees. As indicated by this research, a combination of subjects from different disciplines is required to enhance the competencies and employability of risk management graduates. Originality/value The use of IQA is a novel way of ensuring rigour and objectivity in arriving at the required knowledge, attributes, values and skills of risk managers, and aids in the compilation of a new curriculum for an undergraduate qualification in risk management, thus ensuring the qualification will provide a competency-based qualification that will meet the needs of the profession.
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Chandel, Sonali, Geng Yang, and Sumit Chakravarty. "RSA-CP-IDABE: A Secure Framework for Multi-User and Multi-Owner Cloud Environment." Information 11, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11080382.
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Cloud has become one of the most widely used technologies to store data due to its availability, flexibility, and low cost. At the same time, the security, integrity, and privacy of data that needs to be stored on the cloud is the primary threat for cloud deployment. However, the increase in cloud utilization often results in the creation of a multi-user cloud environment, which requires its owners to manage and monitor the data more effectively. The security of information faces an additional threat, which is related to the increasing number of users and owners who deal with the data stored on the cloud. Many researchers have developed several frameworks and algorithms to address the security issues of the cloud environment. In the present work, a novel algorithm is proposed with the integration of Ciphertext Policy-Identity Attribute-based Encryption (CP-IDABE) and the Rivest–Shamir–Adelman (RSA) algorithm for securing the cloud. Both the owners and users are provided with the public and distinct secret keys that are generated by the Automated Certificate Authority (ACA). The attribute policy differentiates between the user and owner for accessing the cloud data. The proposed RSA-CP-IDABE algorithm also prevents the Man in the Middle (MITM) attack effectively. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated for its time used for encryption, decryption, and execution for varying sizes of data. The obtained results are compared with the existing framework to show its effectiveness. The proposed algorithm can be enhanced with the revocation of privileges in the future.
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Fukofuka, Peni, Neil Fargher, and Zhe Wang. "The influence of sunk costs, personal responsibility and culture on the tendency of accountants to facilitate escalation of commitment." Pacific Accounting Review 26, no. 3 (November 10, 2014): 374–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-12-2012-0065.
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Purpose – This purpose of this study is to further the study of escalation of commitment by considering the supportive role of accountants in providing reports that favour continuation of unprofitable projects and whether this role is influenced by culture. Research on the escalation of commitment suggests that the decision to commit resources to a failing project is due to several factors that include sunk costs, personal responsibility and culture. Design/methodology/approach – This study employs a between-subjects design to examine accountants’ willingness to provide a report that facilitates continuation of an unprofitable project. The manipulated independent variables are sunk cost (present or absent), the level of reporting responsibility (high or low) and culture (Pacific Islands or Australia). Findings – Our results show that the presence of sunk cost is a motivation for accountants to provide reports that favour continuation of an unprofitable project. The results on cultural difference are also consistent with the contention that culture is influential in decision-making with respect to providing reports that favour continuation of an unprofitable project. We do not, however, find evidence consistent with a personal responsibility affect using the manipulation defined in this study. Research limitations/implications – Consistent with this type of research, the results must be interpreted with respect to the specific design choices used in the experiment. Practical implications – Continued research is needed to examine the impact of sunk costs and specific attributes of culture, such as the willingness to follow superiors, on the escalation of commitment to unprofitable projects. The mitigation of such effects through education of accountants to provide reports that do not favour continuation of unprofitable projects would, for example, be of interest to aid agencies and others investing in projects in developing economies in particular. Originality/value – While previous research generally examines the decision-making role of managers in escalation of commitment to unprofitable projects, this study examines the supportive role that accountants play in facilitating managers’ escalation decisions. This issue is studied within a context examining the potential cultural impact of respect for authority.
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Rauterberg, Gabriel. "The Essential Roles of Agency Law." Michigan Law Review, no. 118.4 (2020): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.118.4.essential.
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This Article suggests a fundamental shift in how we think about agency. The essential function of agency law lies not only in enabling the delegation of authority, as is widely suggested, but as significantly in its effect on creditors’ rights through asset partitioning. There is an increasing temptation in legal scholarship to treat agency law as a sideshow confined to the first day of corporations class. This is because much of what agency law does in commerce could simply be accomplished through standard-form contracts that provide default terms for the relationships among firms, their managers, and third parties. Even agency’s much-vaunted fiduciary duties can easily be altered or waived by contract—and often are. This Article identifies the essential roles of agency law, which parties could not contractually replicate, and the important efficiencies that flow from them. Agency’s essential roles in commercial enterprise are twofold: first, to permit one person to attribute the legal significance of his or her acts to another, and second, to facilitate asset partitioning. Just as limited liability partitions off the assets of a firm’s owners from the assets of the firm itself, agency law partitions off the assets of a firm’s managers from the firm’s own assets. Recognizing this function reframes the usual staging of contractual disputes in agency as a zero-sum balancing act between the interests of third parties and of principals. Whether owners or managers should be liable for a firm’s unpaid contracts is not just a win-lose distributional question—pitting the firm’s creditors against insiders—but rather can be socially efficient. Through simplifying and specializing asset pools, asset partitioning lowers the cost of monitoring the firm’s assets and thus the cost of credit. To illustrate the asset partitioning role of agency law, I unearth two doctrines ignored by scholarship—the “veil piercing” doctrines of agency. Understanding agency’s asset partitioning role has extensive implications for theory and practice. In addition to providing a unifying account of agency law, the analysis resolves current disputes in the interpretation of its doctrine. Most importantly, recognizing the essential roles of agency demonstrates its ongoing significance to commercial and corporate law.
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Sagalovsky, Benjamin. "Organizing for Lean: autonomy, recursion and cohesion." Kybernetes 44, no. 6/7 (June 1, 2015): 970–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-01-2015-0020.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the organizational implications of transformative Lean Deployment initiatives, leveraging the Viable System Model to understand what is needed organizationally so these initiatives can succeed and take root. Design/methodology/approach – The paper starts by pointing out how Lean practices presuppose and demand empowered, autonomous organizational units at all levels. It then highlights how Lean manages the resulting Recursive Organization of “autonomous units within autonomous units” through powerful cohesion mechanisms addressing the negotiation of goals and resources, unit-to-unit coordination and process monitoring – with tools such as Pull, Kanban, Hoshin Kanri, A3 and the Toyota Kata, supported by operational practices such as Visual Controls, Standard Work, etc. Findings – The Viable System Model was found to provide a valuable guide for articulating the organizational underpinnings of Lean deployments, including the effective, recursive distribution of deployment responsibility and authority at all levels, the identification of the right composition and reporting structure of implementation teams, and the role to be attributed to support organizations. Originality/value – The approach provides a framework for understanding the organizational implications and possible resistance to comprehensive Lean deployments, and for appropriately including the all-important organizational dimension in order to promote the success of these deployments. It is also hoped that the paper can contribute to a more holistic, integrative understanding of what it means for an organization to embark on its Lean journey.
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Barakagira, Alex, and Anton H. de Wit. "The role of wetland management agencies within the local community in the conservation of wetlands in Uganda." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2019-0006.
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Abstract Wetlands in Uganda are believed to be socio-economically important for providing water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries, recreation, transport and agriculture among others. Bearing in mind the host of benefits wetlands provide to local communities, if they are harnessed without the mind, they could end up being over utilized and ultimately degraded and not continue to provide a stream of functions, attributes and services. This could be one of the primary reasons why special Departments and Institutions like the National Environment Management Authority and Wetlands Management Department were created to manage the country’s natural resources including wetlands. The study was initiated to explore how wetland management agencies influence members of the local community on matters concerning the conservation of wetlands in Uganda. A cross-sectional research design was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data. A questionnaire survey was conducted amongst four hundred households to collect information concerning the role of wetland management agencies among members of the local community for the conservation of wetlands in Uganda. More information was obtained from senior officials from the National Environment Management Authority, Wetland Management Department, and District Natural Resources Officers from the study area using a non-structured questionnaire. Key informant interviews and direct observations were also used to collect data. The study revealed that gathering materials for building and for making crafts, agricultural activities, unsustainable mining of clay and sand for building contributed to wetland degradation. Some circumstances like high population growth, unclear wetland ownership, unawareness of the indirect functions of wetlands also contributed to wetland degradation. It was found that the wetland management agencies have been ineffective towards the conservation of wetlands mainly due to inadequate funding, political interference, and lack of specific judges for wetland related court cases among others. For wetland management agencies to effectively perform their duties leading to the protection and conservation of wetlands in Uganda, the study recommends that members of the local community should be allowed to practice wetland edge farming, fish farming in ponds constructed in wetlands, and to leave some parts of these vital wetlands that have been reclaimed to regenerate, in addition to addressing the main reported hindrances that are stifling the smooth running of the activities of the agencies.
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Meng, Fanrong, Zitao Chen, and Jiannan Wu. "How are Anti-Air Pollution Policies Implemented? A Network Analysis of Campaign-Style Enforcement in China." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 11, 2019): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020340.
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Haze pollution has become one of the most important environment problems in China, raising increasing serious public health concerns. When carried out through campaign-style enforcement drives, the nation’s anti-air pollution policy and its implementation require all-levels of government to take measures to improve the air quality in a certain period. In this study, Xi’an, a city in northwest China, where serious haze occurs frequently, was chosen as the research sample. Based on a social network analysis of the Anti-pollution and Anti-haze Work Scheme of Xi’an for 2014 and 2015 as well as in-depth interviews with enforcement officials, we studied the attributes of the enforcement network, including the actors’ respective tasks, the network’s structure, and the ‘centrality’ of the network. Compared to 2014, the goals of the 2015 scheme were clearer and more challenging, with a larger number of specific tasks and tighter time limits. The structure of the enforcement network became flatter, with a ‘horizontal’ management arrangement that involved fewer actors. The core actors were shifted to the more authoritative departments, reflecting the reality that the campaign-style enforcement network structure had been adjusted toward the regulatory hierarchy system and routing administration. The results reveal that the implementation gap was narrowed by clearer and more specific roles and tasks, a simplified, flatter organizational network structure, greater decentralization of authority and responsibility to local departments, and more harmonious coordination among those departments with the most powerful leading actors. This study provides managers with an insight into the external and organizational factors involved in enhancing the effectiveness of anti-air pollution policy implementation.
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Quintana-Martinez, Onexy, and Antonio-Rafael Ramos-Rodriguez. "Changes in the Axes of Convergence of Innovation Management Research." International Journal of Business and Management 11, no. 5 (April 18, 2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n5p96.
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<p>The multidisciplinary character of the theories that support research in the discipline of Innovation Management (IM), the growing importance being attributed to the increasingly rigorous approach to IM studies by academics, and the impact of IM on the competitive advantage of firms are just some of the indicators demonstrating the relevance of this discipline in the broader field of management. These developments explain why a quantitative analysis of IM studies based on bibliometric techniques is particularly opportune.</p>The aim of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of the intellectual structure of IM research throughout the last 20 years, to find out the main convergence axis within the field. The analysis of the intellectual structure shows that there are four convergence axes during the said period: (1) the study of how to manage innovation from the Strategic Management and Business Administration ambit; (2) New Products Development; (3) The importance of Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management for IM; and (4) The importance of the technological change, supply of technology, innovation process and innovation model. The dynamic analysis of all this, shows that in the 90’s there was a predominance of the axis (1) and (2). Subsequently, the predominance changed during the first decade of the XXI century, because the axis (2) remained dominating, but axis (4) began to appear strongly. Finally, it’s evident the strengthening of the authority of axis (4) in the intellectual structure of the IM research during the last period of study.
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Koranteng, Richard Twum Barimah, and Guoqing Shi. "Assessing the Resettlement Scheme of the Bui Hydro – Project Using the Social Lens." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 4 (July 29, 2018): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n4p288.
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With particular reference to the Bui dam, irrespective of the achievements chalked in executing certain perspectives of the Resettlement Planning Framework, vis-à-vis the fulfilment of some promises, these achievements are not tenable (unceasing) in view of the fact that the sustained prevalence of these facilities is heavily reliant on the folks’ sustenance which is non-existent and far-fetched. The main rationale of this paper is to assess the resettlement scheme of the Bui hydro project using the social lens. That notwithstanding, the study identified the key attributes of effective resettlement plan, determined the distinctive social implications of resettlement schemes on displaced individuals caused by dam construction, as well as investigated the critical socio-cultural issues associated with resettlement schemes in Ghana, specifically using Bui Power Authority (BPA) and Gyama New Settlement Township (BPAGs) as the case study organization and locality respectively. Purposive sampling using questionnaire instrumentation was used to collect data from the staff/resettlers of the organization and locality under scrutiny. A 5-Point Likert scale which was later transformed into the Relative Importance Index (RII) was used to identify the key attributes of effective resettlement plan, determine the distinctive social implications of resettlement schemes on displaced individuals caused by dam construction, as well as investigate the critical socio-cultural issues associated with resettlement schemes at BPAGs. The results indicated the 6 key attributes of effective resettlement plan in Ghana as: sustainable and effective compensation framework, effective participation of APs, thorough description of resettlement assistance and restoration of livelihood activities, consideration of short and long term strategies/government responsibility of APs’ rights, strict adherence to monitoring and evaluation regimes, in addition to clarity of definition in terms of entitlements, eligibility, ethnicity, etc. Secondly, with respect to the distinctive social implications of resettlement schemes on displaced individuals caused by dam construction, participants at BPAGs intimated the following parameters: loss of asset that supports community livelihoods, economic upheavals, adverse health implications for communities, loss of cultural identity, adverse impact of conservation efforts (ancestral heritage sites), including shift in social roles. Furthermore, the critical socio-cultural issues associated with resettlement schemes in Ghana as revealed by the respondents’ were as follows: social or psychological marginality, social disarticulation/social costs, depreciation of ethnic group’s social status, dispersion and fragmentation of existing communities, education loss as a distinctive and additional risk, as well as loss of control over physical space of APs. It is recommended that stakeholders, project developers, economies across the globe inculcate these strategic initiatives: Avoidance or minimization of involuntary resettlement, reconceptualization of resettlement programs, encouragement of community participation, and effective compensation packages should be given the needed precedence, etc. so as to manage the issues identified.
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Boundy, Michael J., Laura Biessy, Brian Roughan, Jeane Nicolas, and D. Tim Harwood. "Survey of Tetrodotoxin in New Zealand Bivalve Molluscan Shellfish over a 16-Month Period." Toxins 12, no. 8 (August 10, 2020): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12080512.
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Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a heat-stable neurotoxin typically associated with pufferfish intoxications. It has also been detected in shellfish from Japan, the United Kingdom, Greece, China, Italy, the Netherlands and New Zealand. A recent European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) scientific opinion concluded that a level of <0.044 mg TTX/kg in marine bivalves and gastropods, based on a 400 g portion size, does not result in adverse effects in humans. There have been no reports of human illness attributed to the consumption of New Zealand shellfish containing TTX. To obtain a greater understanding of its presence, a survey of non-commercial New Zealand shellfish was performed between December 2016 and March 2018. During this period, 766 samples were analysed from 8 different species. TTX levels were found to be low and similar to those observed in shellfish from other countries, except for pipi (Paphies australis), a clam species endemic to New Zealand. All pipi analysed as part of the survey were found to contain detectable levels of TTX, and pipi from a sampling site in Hokianga Harbour contained consistently elevated levels. In contrast, no TTX was observed in cockles from this same sampling site. No recreationally harvested shellfish species, including mussels, oysters, clams and tuatua, contained TTX levels above the recommended EFSA safe guidance level. The levels observed in shellfish were considerably lower than those reported in other marine organisms known to contain TTX and cause human intoxication (e.g., pufferfish). Despite significant effort, the source of TTX in shellfish, and indeed all animals, remains unresolved making it a difficult issue to understand and manage.
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Addy, Michael Nii, Stephen Akunyumu, and Barbara Simons. "Key risk factors affecting renewable energy independent power producer (IPP) set-up projects in developing countries." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 17, no. 6 (December 4, 2019): 1340–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-03-2019-0072.
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Purpose Sustained access to efficient electricity plays an essential role in improving living conditions of people and contributes to the economic development of the nation as a whole. Volta River Authority (VRA) mainly manages the generation plants (hydropower sources and thermal plants) alongside independent power producers (IPPs). Power generation in the country has been influenced by myriads of factors. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the key risk factors affecting renewable energy of IPPs set-up project in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative approach was adopted for the study. Empirical investigation was carried out using the survey approach. The likelihood of occurrence of the risk and the degree of impact of same motivated the use of risk significance index to analyze the data and make deductions from the results. Findings From the study, three key risk factors have high level of severity, which include long and complex procedures for authorization of project activities, stability of the policy environment and ease of obtaining rights to land. These risks could be found in the business/strategic risks and policy/regulatory risks categories, respectively. A total of 25 key risk factors had moderate level of severity and 12 key risk factors have low level of severity on renewable energy IPP set up projects. Practical implications Top-ranked risk factors require maximum attention. The identified risks should be alleviated with strategies to reduce levels of severity by targeting either the likelihood of occurrence or the level of impact. This will serve as a catalyze to promoting renewable energy IPP set-up projects in Ghana. Originality/value Key contribution of the paper to the body of knowledge is demonstrated by the empirical evidence of the risks IPPs are likely to encounter in setting up renewable energy plants in Ghana. The distinctive attribute of this study is further demonstrated by the fact that it focused on the set-up stage, which is a critical stage in the renewable energy provision value chain.
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Sari, Yesi Dewita, and Sonny Koeshendrajana. "STATUS KEBERLANJUTAN PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA IKAN BILIH DI DANAU TOBA (Tinjauan Aspek Ekonomi dan Sosial)." Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 6, no. 1 (July 7, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v6i1.5750.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji status keberlanjutan pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis Bleeker) di Danau Toba dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhikeberlanjutan tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2010 di beberapa tempat sentra pendaratan ikan bilih, antara lain: Kabupaten Simalungun, Kabupaten Toba Samosir, Kabupaten Dairi, Kabupaten Karo dan Kabupaten Samosir. Data yang digunakan terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder, sedangkan analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan Metode RAPFISH. Atribut ekonomi yang digunakan untuk mengetahui status keberlanjutan terdiri dari tingkat keuntungan, kontribusi perikanan terhadap PDRB, penyerapan tenaga kerja, sifat kepemilikan sarana produksi, tingkat subsidi, alternatif pekerjaan dan pendapatan bagi pelaku perikanan dan besarnya jangkauan pemasaran ikan bilih. Atribut sosial terdiri dari pertumbuhan komunitas nelayan, status konflik, tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan lingkungan, banyaknya penyuluhan dan keikutsertaan dalam kelompok. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan bilih di Danau Toba kurang berkelanjutan baik ditinjau dari aspek ekonomi maupun aspek sosial. Indeks keberlanjutan dari aspek ekonomi adalah 46,36% dan keberlanjutan dari aspek sosial adalah 31,27%. Status keberlanjutan dalam kategori kurang ini, mengharuskan adanya campur tangan dari pihak pengelola Danau Toba untuk menerapkan opsi pengelolaan yang dapat menjamin keberlanjutan ikan bilih yang di Danau Toba. Tittle: Sustainability Status of Bilih Fish Exploitation in Toba Lake (Review of Social and Economic Aspects)This study aims to asses sustainability status of the of Bilih Fish resources in the lake Toba and factors affecting the sustainability of this. Research was carried out in 2010 in several conters of Bilih Fish landing place, among others the districts of Simalungun, Toba Samosir, Dairi, Karo and Samosir. Primary and secondary data were used; while analysis was carried out using RAPFISH method. Economic attibute being used to asses sustainability status of the resource were profit, contribution of fisheries to gross domestic product (GDP), employment, nature ownership of production factors, level of subsidy employment and income alternatives and marketing. Social attributes consist of the growth of fishing communities, conflict status, education level, environmental knowledge, number of extention worker and participation in the group. Results show that the utilization of BIlih fish resource in Lake Toba are relatively unsustainable interms of economic and social aspects. Index of economic aspects sustainability in 46,36 % and social aspects sustainability in 31,27%. These indice indicate that the fisheries status was insustainable. This, inturn, needs intervention from Lake Toba mangement authority to manage in such away so that sustainability of Bilih fish are ensure.
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Claes, Willy. "Vice-Premiers en kernkabinetten : Een evaluatie van deze innovaties." Res Publica 42, no. 1 (March 31, 2000): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v42i1.18528.
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The function of Deputy Prime Minister is not specified in the Belgian Constitution, nevertheless it is imposed by force ofcustom. Since 1961, there have been in each government one or more Deputy Prime Ministers whether or not carrying the formal title. The Deputy Prime Minister was originally the number two in the government, behind the Prime Minister. Usually, he belongs to another party. Thanks to the competences attributed to him in the government, his position in his party and his natural authority and leadership, he tries, together with the prime minister, to manage the government in the right direction and to maintain the cohesion in the coalition. The Deputy Prime Minister is at the same time also in charge of a given ministry. The function of Deputy Prime Minister has become more important due to the increased influence of political parties within and upon the government. The Deputy Prime Minister acts now explicitly as spokesperson of his party within the government and defends the decisions of the government within his party. After the split of the national parties in a Flemish and a Walloon party and as consequence, the increase of parties in government, the number of Deputy Prime Ministers also increased. It became usual that each party in government had his own Deputy Prime Minister, even the party of the Prime Minister since the latter is considered to be politically neutral. Under the name of 'Cabinet for general affairs ', the 'kernkabinet' raised in1961 to handle all major problems and initiatives of the government. The 'kernkabinet' interpreted this rather vague description of its competences in a broad way. lts members were the Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Minister and some other senior ministers. Usually, an equilibrium on the basis of party- and language-affiliations was installed. In the second half of the 1970s, the role and the impact of the 'kernkabinet' increased gradually. The 'kernkabinet' had become a real decision-making institution, gathering several times a week. As a consequence, the role of the Council of Ministers on certain issues was degraded to merely ratify decisions taken by the 'kernkabinet'. Much critique was voiced on this evolution, especially upon the lack of transparency and efficiency.Although heavily criticized, the 'kernkabinet' has proved to be a very helpful instrument to take decisions on complex and delicate problems. In 1981, the 'kernkabinet' was formally abolished and in 1992, the Dehaene-government abolished all ministerial committees. Despite these abolitions, there was and still is nowadays the tendency to gather with the senior ministers to solve complex problems. De facto the kernkabinet holds strong.
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Plosnić Škarić, Ana. "Graditelji Trogira od 1420. do 1450. godine." Ars Adriatica, no. 4 (January 1, 2014): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.494.
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The article presents the newly discovered archival data relating to the marangoni and lapicide recorded in Trogir’s notarial books between 1420 and 1450 (see the Appendix: Overview of archival records mentioning lapicide and marangoni in Trogir from 1420 to 1450). It also includes few already known data published by Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski, Cvito Fisković and Danko Zelić, as well as those recorded by Ivan Lucić and Pavao Andreis in their Trogir history books (from the 17th century), and the records from the canonical visitation of Bishop Didak Manola. The sources consist of a handful of documents recording the commissions, and a large number of documents through which marangoni and lapicide arranged their private affairs or acted as witnesses. Out of sixty six recorded, thirty four were marangoni. Among these, twenty five were from Trogir and the same can be assumed for six of them whose origin was not mentioned, one was from Šibenik and two from Zadar. The overall number illustrates the need for such craftsmen in contemporary Trogir: the variety of tasks marangoni could perform was extremely wide and ranged from wood carving to the construction of stone buildings. However, it is likely that individual marangoni tended to specialize only in one of these fields. The documents mention twenty seven lapicide, six of which were from Trogir, four of unknown origin, three were mentioned as living in Trogir without an indication of their origin, five were from Venice, three from Dubrovnik, two from Šibenik, and one from Split, Zadar, Adria, Bosnia and Hvar respectively. Through the analysis of the collected information and how it relates to the records about contemporary building projects such as new structures and the remodellings of old ones, the article aims to outline their different roles in the building works in Trogir from 1420 to 1450. The projects of that time included the construction of Dominican monastery in the suburb and the Franciscan one on the mainland. They both were demolished by the citizens attempting to improve the city defence in the early 15th century. During the attack of the Venetian fleet in 1420 numerous buildings were damaged and in need for reparations that often led to their remodelling as well. That was the case with the Benedictine monastery in the town centre and many private houses and especially included the renovation of the Cathedral and the continuation of the building works on it. Following the introduction of Venetian rule to Trogir in 1420, a number of new structures and repair works had to be done in the newly created circumstances the aim of which was the consolidation of Venetian presence. Among these, the most important projects were the construction of a citadel for Venetian military crew, also known as the Kamerlengo, and the remodelling of the municipal palace. The whole new Observant Dominican monastery and the Church of the Holy Cross were constructed as well. The preserved archival data, however, cannot give us the clear answers of all the builders that were employed on those works.Among the recorded marangoni and lapicide, the most capable builders can be identified in two ways: through the contracts for the building of vaults, that is, the construction of vaulted spaces, and through the use of the title of protomagister regardless of whether, as E. Hilje explained, they refer to a builder who is also a designer/an architect or a builder who is simultaneously a foreman/site manager, or even the leading figure/authority chosen by the local craftsmen among themselves. Those master builders knew about the construction, and this knowledge enabled them to take on demanding tasks and roles. On that level, their primary education did not matter: vaults were constructed by both marangoni and lapicide and both of them had the protomagister titles indicating their tasks and roles. An additional criterion should be taken into account when attempting to identify the most capable master builders, that is, the training contracts which imply that the teacher was not only skilled but busy because otherwise he could not have been in a position to train an apprentice during all work phases or provide him with food and lodgings.Among the marangoni and lapicide from Trogir (meaning being born, living and working in that town) there were those who were capable of producing drawings, organizing and managing a building site, carrying out demanding constructions and carving architectural sculpture, but also those who were responsible for the building works considered minor but necessary. The reason for the influx of a large number of craftsmen from other towns – nineteen of them were lapicide, while two out of three marangoni were definitely responsible for demanding constructions in stone – lies in the scope of the building projects in Trogir between 1420 and 1450. Even the meagre preserved records relating to specific commissions demonstrate that out of twenty three newcomers, as many as fourteen had work contracts before they arrived and the same can be suggested for another two. This means that they did not arrive in search of a job but were hired beforehand. Although the priority was always given to local builders, that is, to those who had already worked at Trogir, given that the construction of the Kamerlengo and the remodelling of the municipal palace demanded a large number of builders, they were procured by Venetian officials, while the Observant Dominican monks used their connections in Šibenik and Dubrovnik. Once in Trogir, some master builders accepted other commissions. On the basis of the information about their skills, this article attributes a number of undocumented local works to those masters. At the same time, we do not have enough information about the work of the carpenters and stonemasons native to Trogir, especially the work of the three recorded protomagistri. We have established that the reason for this, both in Trogir and in other towns, was the well-known and widespread (particularly in Trogir) practice of writing internal acknowledgements of debt and confirmations instead of recording contracts in notarial ledgers. Because of this, we have no information about the organization and division of tasks at building sites. Only one document testifies to the fact that the lapicide and marangoni who took on the contracts for the construction of buildings had to guarantee that the building process would be done properly and with a set time frame. This, however, did not mean that they themselves carried out the works; instead, they delegated, supervised, organized and co-ordinated the tasks. Given that we know of no other similar subcontract (most of them were probably internal as well and not recorded in notarial books), it can only be said that apprentices took part in the building projects which were contracted by the masters who were training them.Therefore, the analysis of the collected information does not provide clear answers to the numerous questions regarding the output and authorship of the master builders, some of which were already posed by Lj. Karaman (1933). Instead, it opens up new problems which we have addressed by arguing for a number of hypotheses on the basis of the available information. We have suggested that several master builders remained in Trogir for a longer period of time than the one recorded in the surviving documents, and one should also bear in mind that the preserved sources probably do not contain records about every single stonemason or carpenter who was active in Trogir at the time. The sources illustrate the main reasons lying behind the arrival of builders, stonemasons and carpenters from other towns but also that their place in the hierarchy of contemporary marangoni and lapicide depended on their skills and knowledge. It can be safely assumed that, depending on their abilities, all the builders, stonemasons and carpenters listed in this article took part in the building campaigns and works (taken in its broadest sense) and by doing so, contributed to the construction of building projects in Trogir between 1420 and 1450.
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Garrard, John. "Urban Elites, 1850–1914: The Rule and Decline of a New Squirearchy?" Albion 27, no. 4 (1995): 583–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4052533.
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In recent decades, several historians, including myself, have argued that many nineteenth-century British urban elites were akin to a sort of new squirearchy. The intention of this article is to explore how far this idea enables us to better understand the role, power, and style of urban leadership, and the political, social, and economic context in which it existed. Given that the termination point is 1914, it also examines how much the notion has to say about political change in the rapidly expanding urban context after around 1850. The notion of a “new squirearchy” implies two things about nineteenth-century local leadership and the nature of its power: first, that urban elites aped and importantly resembled their rural “old” squirearchical counterparts in both substance and style; second, in so doing, such elites were calling up (whether intentionally or not) rural patterns of behavior to try to resolve problems of order, authority, legitimacy, and power in a situation where they did not naturally have easy and economical access to the means of producing any of these things. With this in mind, and after some preliminary clarification of terminology, the article will divide into three broad sections. In the first, it explores the utility of the squirearchical model to understanding the character and power of urban elites in the period up to around 1880 when local leadership in many industrial towns seemed most generously endowed with attributes to which the model might apply. The not very astonishing conclusion will be that the model is helpful in some ways, less so in others, all of which stem from the urban and industrial context in which leaders were operating. The second section will focus on the years up to around 1918 when “men (and women) of property and station” were withdrawing from active participation in the urban and industrial scene. Here, the argument will be that, at least in those northern towns under particular scrutiny, elements of the “new squirearchical” style proved remarkably resilient in spite of the withdrawal of many of those who practiced it—and may well have much to say about how the transition from one sort of leadership to another was managed, or at least took place. The final section will be concerned with the consequences of withdrawal for the power of urban leaders who remained. It will suggest that, just as property and station was no more than a partial predictor of power in the period when it was most abundantly in evidence, so its decline after 1880 was only one among many factors explaining what happened to the ability of local leaders to achieve intended effects. In fact, for various reasons, again heavily connected with the urban context in which leadership was exercised, the power at least of local political leaders in important respects increased.
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A. Al-Hunaiyyan, Ahmed, Andrew Thomas Bimba, and Salah Alsharhan. "A Cognitive Knowledge-based Model for an Academic Adaptive e-Advising System." Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management 15 (2020): 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4633.
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Aim/Purpose: This study describes a conceptual model, based on the principles of concept algebra that can provide intelligent academic advice using adaptive, knowledge-based feedback. The proposed model advises students based on their traits and academic history. The system aims to deliver adaptive advice to students using historical data from previous and current students. This data-driven approach utilizes a cognitive knowledge-based (CKB) model to update the weights (values that indicate the strength of relationships between concepts) that exist between student’s performances and recommended courses. Background: A research study conducted at the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAET), a higher education institution in Kuwait, indicates that students’ have positive perceptions of the e-Advising system. Most students believe that PAAET’s e-Advising system is effective because it allows them to check their academic status, provides a clear vision of their academic timeline, and is a convenient, user-friendly, and attractive online service. Student advising can be a tedious element of academic life but is necessary to fill the gap between student performance and degree requirements. Higher education institutions have prioritized assisting undecided students with career decisions for decades. An important feature of e-Advising systems is personalized feedback, where tailored advice is provided based on students' characteristics and other external parameters. Previous e-Advising systems provide students with advice without taking into consideration their different attributes and goals. Methodology: This research describes a model for an e-Advising system that enables students to select courses recommended based on their personalities and academic performance. Three algorithms are used to provide students with adaptive course selection advice: the knowledge elicitation algorithm that represents students' personalities and academic information, the knowledge bonding algorithm that combines related concepts or ideas within the knowledge base, and the adaptive e-Advising model that recommends relevant courses. The knowledge elicitation algorithm acquires student and academic characteristics from data provided, while the knowledge bonding algorithm fuses the newly acquired features with existing information in the database. The adaptive e-Advising algorithm provides recommended courses to students based on existing cognitive knowledge to overcome the issues associated with traditional knowledge representation methods. Contribution: The design and implementation of an adaptive e-Advising system are challenging because it relies on both academic and student traits. A model that incorporates the conceptual interaction between the various academic and student-specific components is needed to manage these challenges. While other e-Advising systems provide students with general advice, these earlier models are too rudimentary to take student characteristics (e.g., knowledge level, learning style, performance, demographics) into consideration. For the online systems that have replaced face-to-face academic advising to be effective, they need to take into consideration the dynamic nature of contemporary students and academic settings. Findings: The proposed algorithms can accommodate a highly diverse student body by providing information tailored to each student. The academic and student elements are represented as an Object-Attribute-Relationship (OAR) model. Recommendations for Practitioners: The model proposed here provides insight into the potential relationships between students’ characteristics and their academic standing. Furthermore, this novel e-Advising system provides large quantities of data and a platform through which to query students, which should enable developing more effective, knowledge-based approaches to academic advising. Recommendation for Researchers: The proposed model provides researches with a framework to incorporate various academic and student characteristics to determine the optimal advisory factors that affect a student’s performance. Impact on Society: The proposed model will benefit e-Advising system developers in implementing updateable algorithms that can be tested and improved to provide adaptive advice to students. The proposed approach can provide new insight to advisors on possible relationships between student’s characteristics and current academic settings. Thus, providing a means to develop new curriculums and approaches to learning. Future Research: In future studies, the proposed algorithms will be implemented, and the adaptive e-Advising model will be tested on real-world data and then further improved to cater to specific academic settings. The proposed model will benefit e-Advising system developers in implementing updateable algorithms that can be tested and improved to provide adaptive advisory to students. The approach proposed can provide new insight to advisors on possible relationships between student’s characteristics and current academic settings. Thus, providing a means to develop new curriculums and approaches to course recommendation.
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Santini, aleria, Fabio Truschi, and Antonella Bertelli. "Cost of Red Blood Cell Transfusion: An Activity-Based Cost Analysis." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 3817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.3817.3817.
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Abstract Abstract 3817 Background: For the majority of patients (pts) with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), anemia is the principal cause of symptoms. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion can alleviate fatigue, dyspnea, and cardiac problems in anemic pts. Approximately 80% of pts with MDS are anemic at the time of presentation and more than 40% require regular RBC transfusions at some stage of disease (Brechignac, Blood, 2004;A4716). Cost of blood products is one of the most uncontrollable items in the budget of MDS care. Aims: This study was performed to identify, measure, and assess the health care activities and resources needed to provide RBC transfusions, and to determine their costs. Methods: This cost analysis was performed from the perspective of health care providers, according to the Activity Based Costing (ABC) method (Asadi, J Soc Health Syst,1996). ABC systems focus on activities involved in the delivery of care. Under the ABC system, costs are first traced to activities and then traced from the activities to units of episodic care using cost drivers based on the consumption of activity resources (Udpa, Manag Care Q, 2001). This analysis was performed within Florence Italy's Local Health Authority (ASL 10; 813,419 members, 48% male, 2008), at OSMA Transfusion Center, with scientific support from the Hematology Unit of AOU Careggi University Hospital, Florence. All transfusions were performed in an outpatient ambulatory setting and no hospitalizations (for any cause) were considered in the analysis. A “self-reporting” approach (Burke, J Nurse Admin, 2000) was used to collect resource utilization data. According to the ABC method, the transfusion procedure was described in terms of episodes that encompass macro-activities and micro-activities (Casati, McGraw-Hill, 2002) and are represented in a process-flow diagram. All professionals involved in providing RBC transfusions participated in structured interviews and validated the flow chart generated to represent the process. Human, material, and capital resources were described, and their unitary costs provided by the OSMA Cost and Performance Management Office, for the year 2008. Episodes identified were: RBC donation, processing, and transfusion, each subdivided into macro-activities and micro-activities amenable to economic assessment. Macro-activities identified for donation included: admission, clinic visit, donation, and discharge; for processing: centrifugation, separation of blood elements, and storage; and for transfusion: pt admission, compatibility testing, distribution, transfusion, and waste management. Micro-activities were evaluated according to the professional who performed the task and the time and materials required. Unit costs were attributed to resources as follows: Results: The total average cost of the 3 episodes for RBC transfusion was |CE492.57, divided as follows: 1) donation: |CE116.02; 2) processing |CE233.29; 3) transfusion |CE135.16, and 4) overhead |CE8.10. Cost distribution is shown in the Table. The cost of a single RBC unit was |CE349.31. OSMA-Florence Transfusion Center managed 7,994 RBC units in 2008, from which the Hematology section performed an average of 23 transfusions per week (4.6 per day). Conclusion: RBC transfusion is an essential and life-saving intervention for anemic patients. The economic burden of transfusions comprises 2 dimensions: costs to perform transfusion and costs associated with management of transfusion-related risks (eg, iron overload, transmitted infections, adverse effects attributable to immune mechanisms) (Alessandrino, Blood, 2002). Our analysis quantitates costs for the first dimension, providing direct and indirect costs of RBC transfusion. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Boogaerdt, Humphrey, and Alistair Brown. "Accommodating a tree asset register of street trees in a local government authority setting." Property Management ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (July 26, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-04-2021-0023.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to consider how a local government authority may present a tree asset register of street trees for the decision-making of the authority's stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachUsing the tenets of population density theory, urban form theory and social stratification theory, the approach of the study is to develop a tree asset register in a local government authority's setting that could be modelled using many different attributes to derive important information for decision-making purposes.FindingsTree asset registers represent a critical tool in managing street trees across local government authorities.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the efficacy of an asset tree register may be curtailed by lack of internal audit or yearly updates, the practical consequence of an asset tree register is that local administrators may use the register to gather summarised, organised and parsimonious measures of a wide range of environmental, historical, cultural, aesthetic and scientific values of street trees.Practical implicationsTree asset registers affords ratepayers, developers, tree managers and valuers a technology to plan, coordinate and manage street trees to support ecosystem services.Social implicationsAsset tree registers offer planners a means to bring about sustainable change management.Originality/valueThe originality of the study rests in introducing tree registers as a means to meet diverse strategies for street tree management by interested stakeholders.
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"A Secure and Efficient Multi Authority Encryption Scheme in Cross Domain Data Sharing." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 1289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.d8439.049420.
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Attribute Based Encryption (ABE) in light of the fact that the rule locals to make sure about the patient data set aside on a semi-trusted. In ABE plot, each patient is regularly recognized by name which fuses the patient attributes. At the reason when Patient re-proper the delicate data for sharing on cloud system on cloud structures. Taking care of the patient records on suspicious limit makes secure transfer of data to be a test issue. To remain tricky customer data mystery against suspicious cloud structure. the current system when in doubt apply cryptographic techniques by revealing data unscrambling keys just to affirmed customer. the basic troubles for cryptographic technique fuse at a proportional time achieving structure flexibility and fine-grained data get the opportunity to manage, gainful key or customer the load up, data security, computational overhead then forward. To manage these issues, promptly applied and maintaining access approaches snared in to attributes and sanctioning the information owner to designate most count genuine assignments to customer disavowal to untrusted server without uncovering data substance to around then. We achieve this target by introducing multi authority characteristic based encryption. Our proposed plot in like manner has momentous features of customer get the chance to benefit characterization, dynamic modification of access game plans or archive properties and customer puzzle key duty, supports capable on-demand customer or trademark denial and break-glass access under emergency circumstances.
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Radzuan, Kamaruddin, Zulkifli Mohamed Udin, Siti Norezam Othman, Herman Shah Anuar, and Wan Nadzri Osman. "THE MODERATING EFFECT OF PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES IN VENDOR MANAGED INVENTORY (VMI) PERFORMANCE." Jurnal Teknologi 77, no. 4 (November 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jt.v77.6039.
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The suitability of product attributes forsuccessful VMI program has been discussed by numerous authors and but not concluded yet. This study is to explain the moderating effects of product attributestoward VMI performance. The data was gathered from 101 of suppliers in manufacturing companies. Data analysis was conducted by employing factor analysis, reliability test, and hierarchical multiple regressions. The findings show that only level of demand visibility is the main predictor of service performance. While, replenishment decision and inventory ownership were predictor to cost performance. The innovative product moderates the relationship between level of demand visibility and VMI performance. The functional product moderates the relationship between replenishment decision and service performance; and the relationship between inventory ownership and cost performance. Suppliers in manufacturing companies should urge their customer to share demand information when engaging in VMI program.However, supplier should give less authority in replenishment decision for functional product to increase the service performance. Supplier also should have low ownership of inventory to ensure better cost saving for functional product.
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"Assured Way to Manage Various Controls in Cloud." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 4 (November 30, 2019): 7125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d5248.118419.
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Secure cloud garage, which is a rising cloud carrier, is designed to guard the confidentiality of outsourced statistics however also to offer bendy statistics get entry to for cloud customers whose information is out of bodily control. Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) is seemed as one of the maximum promising strategies that may be leveraged to cozy the guarantee of the provider. However, the use of CP-ABE may additionally yield an inevitable security breach that's referred to as the misuse of access credential (i.e. Decryption rights), because of the intrinsic “all-or-nothing” decryption feature of CP-ABE. In this paper, we check out the 2 most important instances of get right of entry to credential misuse: one is on the semi-trusted authority facet, and the opposite is at the aspect of cloud consumer. To mitigate the misuse, we recommend the first responsible authority and revocable CP-ABE based cloud garage system with white-field traceability and auditing, referred to as CryptCloud+. We also gift the safety evaluation and further exhibit the utility of our system thru experiments.
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S, Kayalvili, and Sowmitha V. "Improvement of Privacy and Security in Hybrid Cloud with Attribute Group Based Access Control." International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, January 1, 2019, 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/cseit19518.
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Cloud computing enables users to accumulate their sensitive data into cloud service providers to achieve scalable services on-demand. Outstanding security requirements arising from this means of data storage and management include data security and privacy. Attribute-based Encryption (ABE) is an efficient encryption system with fine-grained access control for encrypting out-sourced data in cloud computing. Since data outsourcing systems require flexible access control approach Problems arises when sharing confidential corporate data in cloud computing. User-Identity needs to be managed globally and access policies can be defined by several authorities. Data is dual encrypted for more security and to maintain De-Centralization in Multi-Authority environment.
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Nyagilo, Beatrice, and Phelista Njeru. "Effect of Board Diversity on Organisation Performance, A Case of Kenya Ports Authority Mombasa, Kenya." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, October 31, 2020, 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i3331018.
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The global business landscape is increasingly becoming complex and unpredictable. For corporations to survive in these increasingly competitive markets, they have to be flexible and meet their customer requirements. It is on this basis that relation between strategic corporate governance and organisation performance has evoked much interest among scholars. This study investigated the impact of strategic corporate governance on organisation performance of Kenya Ports Authority in Mombasa Kenya. Specifically, the study investigated the effect of board diversity on the performance of KPA. The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey design where 55 board of directors, general managers and head of division of KPA were targeted. The sample size was 48 and stratified sampling technique was employed to identify respondents that participated in the study. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data from the respondents. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the data using frequency tables, percentages, and measures of central tendency used included mode, median and mean. The inferential statistics used was multiple regression, which established whether there was a significant relationship between board size, board independence, board diversity and committee members’ competency on the performance of KPA. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software and presented using tables and figure. The study found that 59.8 per cent of the organisation performance at KPA could be attributed to strategic corporate governance. The study also found out that board diversity had a statistically significant impact on the organisation performance of KPA. This study recommends KPA to strive and incorporate board diversity Competency in its strategic corporate governance objectives if it were to enhance its performance.
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Moskovich, Yaffa. "Loss of democracy in a cooperative kibbutz industry: ethical dilemmas – an Israeli case study." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (October 12, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-07-2020-0281.
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PurposeThis study aims to examine the changes in cooperative community and kibbutz industry that did not undergo privatization.Design/methodology/approachThis research was based on the case study method, combined with ethnographic interviews and document analysis.FindingsThe findings showed that the industry was highly successful economically, enabling the management to strengthen its authority without sharing information. The decision-making process, thus, became authoritarian, while the community's democratic mechanism was only nominal. This change was also accomplished by cultural transition from cooperative toward more capitalistic values. Management preferred to hire professional workers from the outside without any preference for kibbutz members, causing ethical dilemmas for certain elderly kibbutz members, who felt that the factory had abandoned socialistic ideas.Research limitations/implicationsThis research was conducted only on one kibbutz industry; further research is recommended.Practical implicationsManagement at cooperative organizations needs to realize that in a capitalistic environment, adaptation can cause the organization to lose its cooperative features. To prevent a cultural shift toward capitalistic values, managers need to be socialized and workers persuaded of the importance of cooperative values.Originality/valueThe study is innovative for its focus on loss of cooperative community and managerial style that has not been addressed sufficiently in the literature. This research sheds light on organizational conditions that can cause cooperative communities to lose their democratic and socialistic attributes.