Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Author and Document'
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Curcio, Mariateresa. "Le problème de l'auteur dans la culture artistique romaine : originalité et imitation." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010502/document.
The topic of my research has been to deconstruct the authorship as expression of a unique subject within the artistic creation. act, in order to understand the different elements composing an art-work in the elaborated Roman visual culture. I tried to investigate how the modern concept of author has influenced the analysis of Roman art and I have offered new paradigms useful for dealing with the investigation of some components of the Roman artistic culture. Now it's widely recognized that the aesthetic paradigms that consider the art-work separated from contexts (whether cultural or physics) can't thoroughly read Rome's artistic production. For that reason, redefining the authorial contents and introducing in the artistic vocabulary words such as emulation and reproduction, allows to analyze the who le artistic culture under a different interpretative point of view. Indeed the preponderance of the author in the creative process has influenced the modem study of the ancient works of art: an author has argued and verified the idea that any art-work has only a style, a period, and a unique culture. If we go beyond this reasoning, we can understand that the production of certain artistic categories, above all in Roman cultural world, is the result of a mix of formals features and cultural models that can't be isolated within a style, a period or geographical borders. As a consequence, my work tried to propose new contents and theories more suitable for the understanding of the Ancient cultural processes. Thus I have analyzed a specific sculptural group (the honorary nude-portraits), which generally isn't particularly appealing as work of art, in order to understand its cultural and social value, turning away from a purely aesthetic assessment
Julien, Dimitri. "Les voix de l'histoire : polyphonie du récit historique français dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H001/document.
The history’s narrative has been deeply shaked during the first half of the nineteenth century. The historical narrative have to meet new challenges and make a new historiography to institute a modern and a scientific discipline : history. Therefore writers of this period form an historical narrative which includes new democratic procedures for the management of politics : historian have not only to talk about history, but have also to get the voices of history heard, past’s voices as well as contemporary’s. History becomes a communication. In other words, voices don’t only have to get heard : they have to interact each others through time. Like a parliament, times communicate each others and lead the narrative to make a polyphonic history, in which the narrative and auctorial instance – which, in the past, led the rhythm and the coherence of the narrative – stretch themselves. Therefore history weaks itself to become more listenable. The history’s narrative of the first half of the nineteenth century becomes thus a wide laboratory for historians to experiment new narrative devices of a democratic history
Guzda-Rivière, Frédéric. "L' au(c)torité de l'artiste et ses paradoxes : tentative de relecture historique, critique et poïétique du statut de l'artiste." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H303/document.
The initial task of this thesis consisted in considering the artist mainly as an author. As for the author, this led us to suggest that his death, once announced, required to think of his resurrection from other criteria and conceptual tools than those which made it possible to bury him. Having established, on the one hand, that authorship defines the intrinsic status of the artist, and put forward, on the other hand, a necessary historical reminder in order to encompass the conditions of its emergence, we attempted to clear up (in the sense of displaying interactions and leaving a clearance between) the elements which structure the artistic phenomenon, its doctrines and related discourses. We sought to uncover, in this unadjusted space full of paradoxes and contradictions, the place of a possible redefinition of the artist-author, built on a rationality broader than that of a mere causality
Balcerek, Alexandra. "L'existence d'une expression autobiographique au théâtre : la présence émouvante de l'auteur dramatique dans son oeuvre." Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30004/document.
The autobiographical genre is a problem when it is considered inside the theatral genre. Because the dramatical author express himself through the mouth of fictional characters, the words of the characters could not be considered as the expression of the author himself. However, it seems that through the dialogues that can be heard, the situations, the characters and the places that are staged, some plays, especially since the 18th century, which represents a major step in self-expression, contains the signs of an autobiographical expression. Although the autobiographical genre as defined by P. Lejeune or G. Gusdorf does not exists in the theatre genre, we will study here how it nevertheless expresses itself, that is to say almost always in a hidden, implicit, ambiguous, diverted, but probable way. We will think of a method allowing the reader, but also the member of the audience, to identify and testify the presence of this autobiographical expression by emphazising some textual and scenic aspects. We will also work on connecting the autobiographical expression with the relationship that live the authors of the new work contained in our corpus with the audience. This relationship being fully opend up in emotion. Some feelings, coming with physical reactions felt by the reader/audience, are created by the recognition of the author's voice in a drama that mixes autobiographical and fiction. We will take an interest in the autobiographical expression of the dramatical author through the perspective of his particular relationship with the audience, relationship that contrasts with Brecht's principles, which have ruled the theatrical creation in the 20th century
Aebi, Delphine. ""Il faut trouver un modus vivendi" : le scandale au théâtre des années 1940 aux années 1960." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENL025/document.
Our whole approach is based on the observation that scandal, often addressed through moral discourses that condemn or celebrate it, is actually a protean and profoundly ambiguous event. Because drama is closely linked to the concepts of emergence and immediacy, scandal finds on stage the perfect place for its release. However, in the eyes of authors seeking a definition of their identity and their relationship to others, drama and scandal, although commonly associated with notions of the spectacular, exhibition and conflict, should not be reduced to this trope. The years 1940 to 1960 in France are a troubled and unstable period, leading playwrights from different horizons to converge towards the same goal: creating a vibrant community. Scandal represents for them a privileged means of communication between the stage and the audience, offering hope of a theatre capable of reconciling the individual and the city
Beltrame, Alberto. "Una politica autorialista е un giovanе cinеfilo : la crеazionе е lo studio dеll’archivio Yvеs Kovacs alla Cinémathèquе françaisе." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100041/document.
This document consists of the culmination of research carried out under the co-supervision of the University of Udine and the University Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, in accordance with the respective doctoral schools of Audiovisual Studies. The focal point of this research lays in the creation and analysis of the archives of Yves Kovacs. These developed at the Cinémathèque française, paying particular attention to the critique and cinéphilie between the fifties and the sixties and of the individual responsible for this collection. Through theses archives, we have sought to deepen the question of the auteur, which structures the thinking process of a certain part of the French critique of the fifties, this being a cinéphile formation phase for Kovacs. This thesis presents itself as the culmination, on one side, of an archiving effort in the strict sense of the word (physical and intellectual handling of the archive, from the inventory to the disposition of the archive), and on the other side, a study about Yves Kovacs at the time of his cinéphile youth, shared between the specialized critique and the first collaborations on film and TV sets. In this way, the analysis of an archive moves to the level of the context of the origin, of the study of the man that constituted it and ultimately, for the same reasons that lead us to be interested in it. All of this in line with the idea that an archive is not only the place to find documents and information, but also a representation, in its very existence, a manifestation of different practices, ideas and needs of an era
Raizon, Hélène. "La contractualisation du droit moral de l'auteur." Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG2041/document.
The work is the reflection of the personality of the author. From this, nothing may be legitimately dissociated or changed from the spirit of the original. To this end article L. 121-1 of the Code of intellectual property shews in its third paragraph that the moral right of the author of a work of the intellect is inalienable, in that contractualisation would seem to be excluded. All the same, the study of contractual practises shows, in reality, that the right of authorship as well as the rights in respect of the work, both of these constituant prerogatives, are often the subject of contract. Therefore one may deduce that it may be seen as a contractualisation of the moral right. Often this only operates in an indirect manner, as in a surrender of these rights of the author as in, perhaps, the sale of the work ; or by application of the common rights of contract
Bargel, Antoine. "Jorge Semprun, le roman de l’histoire." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20037/document.
Jorge Semprun, survivor of Buchenwald, intends to « make testimony a space of creation ». The formal inventiveness of the novel allows him to express the truth of his experience, by creating a reflexive textual space in which the author is presented in the act of writing, and the reader is called to realize his/her active part in the constitution of narrative meanings. Author and reader thus collaborate on establishing the ethical relationship of testimony. My dissertation examines the formal characteristics of this novel of history, to describe its relationship to political discourse in particular, and to highlight the aesthetic autonomy of the novel, which defines the specificity of literature’s approach of history. Semprun develops this aesthetics through multiple narrative innovations and a conception of narration as performance, where Saying is distinct from the Said (Levinas) : this performative dimension of the narration is described in this work through a phenomenological notion of reading, centered on the interpretative and imaginary activities brought into play by the reading subject. The contrast between narrative aesthetics and ideological discourse does not only define Semprun’s writing strategies, but also the function attributed to the reader in these texts. Becoming aware of the author’s motivations and rhetorical processes, which explicitly multiply interpretative trajectories within the text, the reader realizes that the stakes of testimony reside in the act of reading, a reading that is engaged, participative, and perpetually renewed
Boulanger, Grégoire. "Au seuil de l'Etoile de la Rédemption : être en relation avec la pensée nouvelle de Franz Rosenzweig." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAC015/document.
The entire point of our work is to give back the complexity of the relations between Franz Rosenzweig, his work, The "Star of Redemption", and his readership. The "Star of Redemption" is known as a difficult book, whose language is as many conceptual as literary. But the very difficulty of the Rosenzweig's thought in The "Star" is to keep in bound the dialogical dimension,which is participating to a lively existence through the letters he wrote to his friends -, and the textual dimension, which tend to be a world in itself - a book is something that is self-sufficient. Can we be satisfied by the idea that The Star is only a transition between two states: between a philosophical point of view – where is no hope – and a revealed one – where is hope and orientation? The Star is more as simply a transition. Rosenzweig speaks also of a Threshold and a Gate. With these two terms a tension inhabits The "Star" between a revealed life which begins inside the book and a revealed life which begins outside the book. Author, work and readership will have a significant role to play in this problem
Wiener, Hélène. "Le Péri Parrhêsias de Philodème de Gadara et la parrhêsia dans les Actes des Apôtres." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAK014/document.
The Peri Parrhêsias treatise (PHerc. 1471) of Philodemus of Gadara represents a major source for the comprehension of Epicurean parrhêsia. In spite of the extremely deteriorated condition of the papyrus, nevertheless compensated by the draft editions transmitted by the current editor, Henry, and by the results of the bibliological research effectuated by White, a thematic interpretation of the manuel Peri Parrhêsias, On frankness, has been made possible, in such a way as to provide henceforth a basis to examine the role of parrhêsia in the Acts of the Apostles. When comparing the manner in which Luke employs parrhêsia with that of Philodemus, it is apparent that the first relies on the latter, all of the Philodemus themes being present in practically all of the Lucan pericopae. However, Luke adapts the parrhêsia to his own narrative project, all while giving it a strategic role in describing the expansion of the Gospel unto the end
Paint, Estelle. "Les projets Luther Blissett et Wu Ming : les prémices d'une nouvelle ère de la littérature ? Ou comment, à l'heure d’Internet et de la mondialisation, un collectif d'auteurs italiens remet en cause le façonnement de l'œuvre littéraire, les modalités de sa diffusion, et le statut de l'auteur." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100196/document.
In 1999, the novel Q, authored by Luther Blisset, enjoyed considerable success. One of its special characteristics is that it bears a copyleft notice allowing free reproduction of the work. Indeed, an open, international group artists and media activists hides behind this peculiar nom de plume and has distinguished itself at various public actions and happenings. About a year later, the authors of the novel set out a new project under the pseudonym Wu Ming (a Chinese translation of “anonymous”) and advocated free circulation of written works. Their publications in literary theory have given rise to controversy in the Italian literary circles. Breaking with the figure of the author that has reigned supreme over the past three decades, Wu Ming is building on new technologies and more specifically on the Internet in order to enforce a new conception of both literary creation and the circulation of works.This dissertation investigates the novelty of the ethical and literary position of Luther Blissett and Wu Ming and looks into their productions in relation to avant-gardism, postmodernism and littérature engagée. In cross-examining the stakes and functioning of both projects with their actual creations, we aim to determine whether Luther Blissett and Wu Ming are heralding a change in literary paradigm or if, in spite of their singularities, these authors do not actually fit into existing patterns
Lipinska, Katarzyna. "Le cinéma en République populaire de Pologne : le cas de l'ensemble filmique TOR (1967-1981) : analyse des discours d'auteur et idéologique." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOL029/document.
The main subject of this thesis is a case study of Polish cinematographic production under the communist period in the 1970's called TOR (Kieslowski, Zanussi, Rozewicz). This research points out the author-filmmaker's creative autonomy confronted to the Cultural Policy upheavals which have determined film production in a non - democratic country : Polish People's Republic in the 1970s. The TOR filmography is homogeneous and its movies transmit the author-filmmaker's point of view about the existential and moral matters while the individual occupies the central place. How was it possible to produce films focused on the individual in a country where the political class and its collective policy occupied the central place?
Croft, Marie-Ange. "Edme Boursault : de la farce à la fable (1661-1701)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100105/document.
Entre la mort de Molière et l’avènement de Marivaux, le théâtre connaît de profondes modifications. S’inscrivant dans le sillage des travaux de François Moureau, Christian Biet et Guy Spielmann sur la dramaturgie fin de règne, cette thèse s’intéresse à la manière dont s’est effectué le passage de la comédie classique à la comédie fin de règne. En prenant l’exemple d’Edme Boursault (1638-1701), écrivain mineur du XVIIe siècle, elle entend mettre en lumière une double trajectoire, celle d’un genre et celle d’un auteur. L’étude repose sur l’hypothèse selon laquelle le corpus comique de Boursault, produit entre 1661 et 1701, conserve les marques des mutations esthétiques qui a mené au théâtre fin de règne. Il s’agit donc de comprendre les enjeux qui ont conduit à un renouvellement de l’écriture dramaturgique, mais aussi d’observer la manière dont pouvait se construire une carrière littéraire chez un écrivain mineur de la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle. Depuis ses premières comédies et farces (Le médecin volant, Le Mort vivant, Le jaloux endormy) jusqu’à ses comédies moralisantes (Les Fables d’Esope, Esope à la Cour), Boursault a su s’adapter aux changements que connaissent la société française et le théâtre, et a mis en œuvre diverses stratégies, tant sociales que littéraires. Par le moyen de l’histoire littéraire, entre sociologie de la littérature, poétique des genres et théorie de la réception, la thèse se penche sur les réseaux de sociabilité de Boursault (salons précieux, cercles littéraires, mécénat) et analyse son théâtre comique, tout en tenant compte des conditions de représentation et de la réception du public. L’étude tend à démontrer que cette évolution dramaturgique s’est faite graduellement, souvent au prix d’une coexistence de deux esthétiques au sein d’une même œuvre. Cherchant à mesurer l’apport de Boursault à la comédie et au comique du XVIIe siècle, la thèse révèle que le passage du classicisme au fin de règne implique chez le dramaturge un changement de stratégie. Entre 1660 et 1700, l’auteur passe en effet d’une stratégie du cursus où ses tendances polygraphiques le placent, à une stratégie du succès misant sur l’innovation et l’originalité. Ce faisant, l’écrivain explore les limites d’un genre qu’il participe à redéfinir, tant sur le plan de la structure et des thématiques que sur celui des personnages et du comique. L’examen du passage de la farce classique à la comédie moralisante, celui du comique burlesque au rire jaune du XVIIIe siècle positionne donc indéniablement Boursault comme un écrivain de transition. Transition entre l’esthétique classique et l’esthétique fin de règne, on s’en doute, mais aussi, en parallèle, entre la poétique classique-fin de règne, et celle des Lumières
Entre la mort de Molière et l’avènement de Marivaux, le théâtre connaît de profondes modifications. S’inscrivant dans le sillage des travaux de François Moureau, Christian Biet et Guy Spielmann sur la dramaturgie fin de règne, cette thèse s’intéresse à la manière dont s’est effectué le passage de la comédie classique à la comédie fin de règne. En prenant l’exemple d’Edme Boursault (1638-1701), écrivain mineur du XVIIe siècle, elle entend mettre en lumière une double trajectoire, celle d’un genre et celle d’un auteur. L’étude repose sur l’hypothèse selon laquelle le corpus comique de Boursault, produit entre 1661 et 1701, conserve les marques des mutations esthétiques qui a mené au théâtre fin de règne. Il s’agit donc de comprendre les enjeux qui ont conduit à un renouvellement de l’écriture dramaturgique, mais aussi d’observer la manière dont pouvait se construire une carrière littéraire chez un écrivain mineur de la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle. Depuis ses premières comédies et farces (Le médecin volant, Le Mort vivant, Le jaloux endormy) jusqu’à ses comédies moralisantes (Les Fables d’Esope, Esope à la Cour), Boursault a su s’adapter aux changements que connaissent la société française et le théâtre, et a mis en œuvre diverses stratégies, tant sociales que littéraires. Par le moyen de l’histoire littéraire, entre sociologie de la littérature, poétique des genres et théorie de la réception, la thèse se penche sur les réseaux de sociabilité de Boursault (salons précieux, cercles littéraires, mécénat) et analyse son théâtre comique, tout en tenant compte des conditions de représentation et de la réception du public. L’étude tend à démontrer que cette évolution dramaturgique s’est faite graduellement, souvent au prix d’une coexistence de deux esthétiques au sein d’une même œuvre. Cherchant à mesurer l’apport de Boursault à la comédie et au comique du XVIIe siècle, la thèse révèle que le passage du classicisme au fin de règne implique chez le dramaturge un changement de stratégie. Entre 1660 et 1700, l’auteur passe en effet d’une stratégie du cursus où ses tendances polygraphiques le placent, à une stratégie du succès misant sur l’innovation et l’originalité. Ce faisant, l’écrivain explore les limites d’un genre qu’il participe à redéfinir, tant sur le plan de la structure et des thématiques que sur celui des personnages et du comique. L’examen du passage de la farce classique à la comédie moralisante, celui du comique burlesque au rire jaune du XVIIIe siècle positionne donc indéniablement Boursault comme un écrivain de transition. Transition entre l’esthétique classique et l’esthétique fin de règne, on s’en doute, mais aussi, en parallèle, entre la poétique classique-fin de règne, et celle des Lumières
Sela, Tal. "Le roman africain francophone au tournant des indépendances (1950-1960) : la construction d'un nouvel ethos d'auteur." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAC017/document.
This research focuses on the identity that an author uniquely constructs and elaborates throughout his works. In doing so, the thesis reveals major discursive, argumentative and stylistic aspects of the literary works as well as of the image of their authors. Although their writing may be concerned with the future of their country, the artistic uniqueness of the work depends less on one’s African origins, and more on his connections to The World Republic of Letters as a member of the French literary field, taking into account the totality of literary and social discourses that constitute this field. This study wishes to examine the discursive Image (ethos) of two authors – Ousmane Sembène (Le docker noir 1956 et Les Bouts de bois de Dieu 1960) and Mongo Beti (Le Pauvre Christ de Bomba 1956 and Mission terminée 1957) – two of the most acclaimed “African writers” published before the time of the African Independence (1960’s)
Falgas, Julien. "Raconter à l'ère numérique : auteurs et lecteurs héritiers de la bande dessinée face aux nouveaux dispositifs de publication." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0112/document.
What are the frames to which authors inspired by the comics legacy refer inthe digital environment, characterized by the convergence of media and discursive forms ? How do they refer to such frames in order to make sense and to tell digital stories from which readers are able to share the standards of translation, find routines for their interpretation, and feel entertained by the selection and the arrangement of events ? After setting the context in which emerged the first accounts identified as « original digital comics », the study focuses on the indexical analysis of interviews with authors and readers of two such stories. The analysis reveals the originality of the frames arrangements made by the authors and recognized by their readers. This study shows the importance of sensemaking activities for the invention and adoption of new narrative forms. The critical review of this work raises several methodological issues, particularly regarding the place of the scientist as an actor engaged in the sensemaking activity, but also about the the importance given to words in this kind of researches, and finally about the appropriate interview methods in order to find and explain indexical marks leading to the actors' frames
Jakob, Bremer. "Exploring Hybrid Topic Based Sentiment Analysis as Author Identification Method on Swedish Documents." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177893.
Dieng, Mahmadane. "Exceptions au droit d'auteur et mesures techniques de protection." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020081/document.
Like two elements that cannot coexist without working against each other, exceptions to exclusive rights and technological protection measures are in opposition. There are countless articles in the specialised literature devoted to their incompatibility. Exceptions to exclusive rights are “legal exemptions” from the operating monopoly. They enable the implementation of exclusive rights to be neutralised even though the conditions for the application of the latter have been met. Technological protection measures are intended to prevent unauthorised use by rightholders. The question is whether these technological systems can restrict the use of exceptions to exclusive rights. The answer is affirmative, since the directive 2001/29/CE of 22 May 2001 prohibits the circumvention of technological measures even though it would be a case of implementing an exemption to exclusive rights. The European instrument, however, establishes a protection system in favour of certain exceptions. Consequently, French lawmakers have created an independent administrative authority – the High Authority for the dissemination of creative works and protection of rights on the Internet – in order to safeguard the benefits of these exceptions. It could be asked whether the establishment of a protection system implicitly acknowledges the crucial value of these exceptions. In any event, it suggests that they do indeed constitute legally protected interests liable to be brought before the legal authorities, contrary to the Court of Cassation’s assertions
Sarnosky, Yolonda P. "Black female authors document a loss of sexual identity Jacobs, Morrison, Walker, Naylor, and Moody /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1999. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2836. Typescript. Abstract appears on leaf [ii]. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-67).
Mc, Inerney Timothy. "'The Better Sort' : ideas of Race and of Nobility in Eighteenth-Century Great Britain and Ireland." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030124/document.
For centuries, British nobility promoted an elite hierarchy based on genealogical precedence within the greater Western tradition of universal order. In 1735, however, Carolus Linnaeus’s Homo sapiens signalled the beginning of an entirely new discourse of human hierarchy based on physical ‘variety’. This study aims to identify how noble tradition influenced conceptions of race in Great Britain and Ireland during the long eighteenth century. Tracing the persistence of a ‘pureblood’ model of human superiority in the West, it traverses a vast range of historical material in order to highlight the continuity of genealogical hierarchies across multiple disciplines and over hundreds of years. The first section reviews the history of hereditary privilege as a backdrop to noble culture in eighteenth-century Britain: examining works such as Francis Nichols’s British Compendium, or, Rudiments of Honour (1727-7) and Alexander Pope’s Essay on Man (1734), it considers how nobility as a genealogical identity was accommodated in the ‘Great Chain of Being’ understanding of human hierarchy. The second section considers these same traditions in terms of the eighteenth-century ‘race’ construct: it considers the notion of ‘breeding’ in works such as the anonymous The Lady’s Drawing Room (1744) and the rhetoric of human variety in naturalist texts such as Oliver Goldsmith’s History of the Earth and Animated Nature (1774). The third and last section considers the influences of Enlightenment and the French Revolution on ideas of noble race in Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), and the role of ‘natural’ nobility in abolitionist texts such as Anna Maria Mackenzie’s Slavery; or, the Times (1792). In short, this study demonstrates that the tradition of noble ‘race’ was, and is, a fundamental component of the human ‘race’ construct, asserting blood purity, anatomical superiority, and inimitable excellence as defining principles of human hierarchy
Douzon, Thibault. "Language models for document understanding." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0075.
Every day, an uncountable amount of documents are received and processed by companies worldwide. In an effort to reduce the cost of processing each document, the largest companies have resorted to document automation technologies. In an ideal world, a document can be automatically processed without any human intervention: its content is read, and information is extracted and forwarded to the relevant service. The state-of-the-art techniques have quickly evolved in the last decades, from rule-based algorithms to statistical models. This thesis focuses on machine learning models for document information extraction. Recent advances in model architecture for natural language processing have shown the importance of the attention mechanism. Transformers have revolutionized the field by generalizing the use of attention and by pushing self-supervised pre-training to the next level. In the first part, we confirm that transformers with appropriate pre-training were able to perform document understanding tasks with high performance. We show that, when used as a token classifier for information extraction, transformers are able to exceptionally efficiently learn the task compared to recurrent networks. Transformers only need a small proportion of the training data to reach close to maximum performance. This highlights the importance of self-supervised pre-training for future fine-tuning. In the following part, we design specialized pre-training tasks, to better prepare the model for specific data distributions such as business documents. By acknowledging the specificities of business documents such as their table structure and their over-representation of numeric figures, we are able to target specific skills useful for the model in its future tasks. We show that those new tasks improve the model's downstream performances, even with small models. Using this pre-training approach, we are able to reach the performances of significantly bigger models without any additional cost during finetuning or inference. Finally, in the last part, we address one drawback of the transformer architecture which is its computational cost when used on long sequences. We show that efficient architectures derived from the classic transformer require fewer resources and perform better on long sequences. However, due to how they approximate the attention computation, efficient models suffer from a small but significant performance drop on short sequences compared to classical architectures. This incentivizes the use of different models depending on the input length and enables concatenating multimodal inputs into a single sequence
Stalder, Angèle. "Pratiques informationnelles avec et autour du document technique chez les conducteurs de travaux : approche informationnelle et approche communicationnelle." Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMR006.
This research focuses on the appropriation of an information device, the technical document, within a professional community, the work supervisors. A prescriptive document, the technical document is an editorial statement of the technical fact shared in the construction sector. Documenting information practices with and around this professional writing enables a closer understanding of the mediation process that takes place between the object and those who use it in a work situation. We have chosen a document-based approach, which allows us to understand the document in its organizational action. The framework of analysis is that of the Communicational Approaches of Organizations which postulate that organizational communication is structured by information-communicational activities, to which the actors have recourse during communication situations involving devices. The field survey makes visible a repertoire of information practices activated by the actors during their work activities. This repertoire is built during mediation process: editorialization, translation, and affiliation, which act according to different temporalities. They allow the passage of the technical document from the semiotic sphere where it is produced, the office, to the semiotic sphere where it must be produced, the construction site. The whole forms a literacy, or social practice of the technical document, which reveals a documentary dynamic, itself indicative of an organizational dynamic. These elements make it possible to state a definition of the technical document and a model of the economy of this device
Iksal, Sébastien. "Spécification déclarative et composition sémantique pour des documents virtuels personnalisables." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0144.
The Adaptive Virtual Document is a very convenient approach to adapt, reuse and automate information access on the Web. An AVD creates a real document on the fly with informations coming from various sources and according to user’s needs. Every users are not concerned by the same information, they don’t have the same objectives, experience, background and knowledge. All theses user’s features are represented in a user model. We propose a new approach for AVD in two parts. First, an author creates a generic document which is a declarative specification for the processes of selection, organization and adaptation, this author oriented specification increases the semantic coherence of a document. Next, the system composes on the fly an hypermedia from this generic document and according to a particular reader. This approach is based on four ontologies. Our approach is based on the reusability of information on the Web, and it was thought in order to be reusable in different contexts
Konate, Souleymane. "Analyse des situations sémiotiques dans les documents à but informatif au sein de l’entreprise : autour de certains documents de communication chez E.D.F." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20017/document.
Entitled “Analysis of semiotic situations in informational documents within the company: focus on some EDF (Electricité de France) communication documents”, this doctorate research thesis is a study which particularly concerns the field of Practical Semiotics. A communicative production can be regarded as a Practice (in this case, a language act, a discourse whose aim is to provoke an action or a reaction in the addressees). It is actually provided with a heterogeneous configuration that includes a set of elements necessary for the production and interpretation of its meaning. The aim of our study is to analyze this configuration also called Semiotic Situation, and to highlight the most relevant aspects that can be observed in two levels or scenes: predicative and strategies scenes. We specifically focused on the following strategies: selection, adaptation, adjustment, coordination and programmed organization of Practice elements. The analysis focused particularly on some communication documents of EDF Group. This is an external institutional communication. Situated between semiotics of images and institutional semiotics, this thesis can also be considered as a semiotic study of a means of communication. The theme was on dismantling nuclear power plants, management and processing of radioactive waste, environmental commitments, new products, activities and services of EDF. This whole topic is related to the production and marketing of electricity (energy) and the issues they raise. The corpus under study made up of non confidential documents at the reach of the general public is divided into two parts: we have firstly some paper documents, and secondly, we have electronic documents (EDF website graphical interfaces which contain two video sequences). In line with our research, we carried out analysis and meditations with the aim of knowing what significant structures mobilize the act of communication that make up the corpus under study. This corpus as a Practice contains strategic organisation and adjustments found on several levels amongst which are material and sensitive properties, enunciative and the rhetorical-argumentative styles. Our research focused on three main parts. The first is a presentation of the target company and the specification of the communication context of the corpus. After presenting the company EDF and discussing the concept of energy, the different sources of electricity generated by EDF, we looked at the economic, competitive, social and safety issues that the company must consider. The second part gave an analytical semiotic description of the corpus. This was also the part where we discussed the components of external communication which belongs corpus.The third part is divided into three chapters that analyze the semiotic and rhetorical-argumentative concepts used. An analysis of Semiotic Situation requires a singular examination of syncretic, enunciative and rhetorical aspects. This thesis reveals crucial elements in the production and interpretation of meaning in of a communication act. It contributes to the understanding and improvement of communicative efficiency. It is a model of applied semiotics
Cheung, Iva. "The editorial handbook: a comprehensive document to guide authors through the editorial process at Douglas & McIntyre Publishing Group /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2320.
Hangyo, Masatsugu. "Studies on Annotated Diverse Corpus Construction and Zero Reference Resolution in Japanese." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188866.
Darné, Jacques. "Autour du problème d’Andreadakis." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I009/document.
Let $F_n$ be the free group on $n$ generators. Consider the group $IA_n$ of automorpisms of $F_n$ acting trivially on its abelianization. There are two canonical filtrations on $IA_n$: the first one is its lower central series $\Gamma_*$; the second one is the Andreadakis filtration $\mathcal A_*$, defined from the action on $F_n$. Andreadakis asked if and how these filtrations were different. We begin by describing a framework adapted to the study of such filtrations and their counterparts on group algebras. We then study several versions of the problem. In particular, we look at its restriction to some subgroups of $IA_n$ : we show that the two filtration coïncide when restricted to the triangular subroups and to braid groups. We also consider a stable version of the problem : we establish that the canonical morphism between the associated graded Lie rings is surjective when $n$ is big enough compared to a fixed degree. We also investigate a $p$-restricted version of the Andreadakis problem, and provide a calculation of the Lie algebra of the classical congruence group. Our methods are algebraic in nature. The tools come from combinatorial group theory and the study of mapping class groups; we often introduce some categorical langage to reformulate them
Calleja-Roque, Isabelle. "L'image de Molière dans les manuels scolaires depuis le XIX° siècle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAL030/document.
Through Molière's works, we will focus on how secondary textbooks have decided to represent this author from the nineteenth century until today. It is thus the process of building the school myth of Molière that we try to question. Our study first deals with analysing the place of Molière in successive programs and textbooks in order to determine the relationship between these two main poles of the educational institution as well as the evolution of their contents regarding Molière's works. We will then question the works of Molière as used in textbooks focussing on the exegetical critique : how far has it influenced the construction and the development of the school myth of the author-actor ? These first two steps lead us to think about the evolution of the academic corpus of Molière's works : What about the success of the canonical plays as well as all the comedies that are no longer studied ? Finally, we will focus on the iconographic corpus, that is to say the new « language » that was introduced in textbooks from the second quarter of the twentieth century : has it led to a new reading of Moliere's works?This leads us to the heart of Molière, the first exemple of an academic author
Yahiaoui, Leila. "Redocumentation des traces d’utilisation d’un environnement informatique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10140.
This thesis is situated within the framework of knowledge engineering; it is particularly interested in the redocumentation of the computermediated activity from traces files. We suppose that during such a process, a user interprets and rewrites traces in a new document that corresponds to a particular genre and describes the traced activity in détails ; all this via the possibility to rewrite traces content, to enrich this content with other information (justifications or information on the context), to delete parts from it, etc. Therefore, we strengthen the documentary status of traces according to the three dimensions of legibility, comprehensibility and exchange. For implementing such a process, we propose a generic semi-automatic approach which combines the content of activity traces with users knowledge in narrative forms, easily exchangeable, to describe the traced activity in a personalized way for users. This Approach uses formal models for traces and documents (produced), as well as principles of the rhetorical structure theory (RST). It supports the redocumentation process through two phases: an automatic phase to generate an initial fragmented document from traces as a first description of the activity and an interactive phase to personalize this description according to the user needs and choices so that to produce an easily exchangeable document. We also propose a specification of this approach for the particular case of redocumentation by text and we present ActRedoc, an authoring tool that we developed by using different technologies of the Semantic Web in order to implement this specific approach. The results of our work were tested in a real environment which concerns redocumenting the activity of browsing a site of archives of newspapers of the XIXth century developed by the municipal library of Lyon. Thus, we present a first evaluation of the approach of redocumentation by text and of the authoring tool ActRedoc by a group of users
Ribeiro, Anderson Francisco. "Lendo Baudelaire, do autor ao leitor : textos, textura e testamento." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Letras e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, 2011. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000162817.
Nunge, Arthur. "Combinatoire énumérative et algébrique autour du PASEP." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1116/document.
This thesis comes within the scope of enumerative and algebraic combinatorics and studies the probabilities of the partially asymmetric exclusion process (PASEP).First, we bijectively prove a conjecture of Novelli-Thibon-Williams concerning the combinatorial interpretation of the entries of the transition matrices between some bases of the noncommutative symmetric functions algebra. More precisely, these matrices correspond to the transition matrices of, on the one hand the complete and ribbon bases and on the other hand the monomial and fundamental bases, both introduced by Tevlin. The coefficients of these matrices provide a refinement of the probabilities of the PASEP and are described using new statistics on permutations. This conjecture states that this refinement can also be described using classical statistics of the PASEP. In the second part, we study a generalization of the PASEP using two kinds of particles: the 2-PASEP. Hence, we give several combinatorial interpretations of the probabilities of this model. In order to do so, we define a new family of paths generalizing the Laguerre histories: the marked Laguerre histories. We also generalize the Françon-Viennot bijection between Laguerre histories and permutations to define partially signed permutations giving another combinatorial interpretation of these probabilities. In a third part, we generalize Tevlin's work in order to define a monomial basis and a fundamental basis on the algebra over segmented compositions. In order to describe the transition matrices between these bases and other bases already known in this algebra, we define an algebra indexed by partially signed permutations using the statistics previously defined to describe the combinatorics of the 2-PASEP. We also define some q-analogues of these bases related to the probabilities of the 2-PASEP according to the q parameter of this model. Finally, using the fact that partially signed permutations and segmented permutations are in bijection, we use the statistics defined previously to define descents on these objects and get a generalization of the Eulerian polynomials on segmented permutations. To study these polynomials, we use the algebraic tools introduced in the previous part
Ahonguio, Fiacre. "Ecoulements de fluides à seuil autour d'obstacles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI086/document.
Many industrial processes include numerous complex fluids often presenting a yield stress. Those fluids can also slip when interfacial conditions are favorable. All these properties affect their flows around obstacles. This thesis aims to understand such flows in a domain where the flow velocities are so low that inertia effects can be neglected compared to viscous effects which are substantially low compared to plastic effects. It analyzes the influence of the velocity and the slip on the drag force and the kinematic fields of the creeping flow of a yield stress fluid around obstacles either with adhesive or slippery wall. The flow is analyzed in steady regime. The considered geometries are the disc, the sphere, the cone and the flat plate. The fluid used has an elasto-viscoplastic behavior which is modelled by the Herschel-Bulkley and Hooke models. This behavior has been characterized by rheometrical tests performed with adherence and slip conditions. The main non-dimensional number is the Oldroyd number, i.e. the ratio between plastic and viscous effects, which ranges from 10 to 200. The drag forces measurements have shown that regardless of the obstacle and the interfacial conditions, the drag coefficient decreases with the Oldroyd number before tending towards to an asymptotical value. This asymptotical value highlights that for high Oldroyd numbers the drag coefficient is no longer governed by the velocity but depends only on the yield stress and the characteristic section of the obstacle. A stability criterion for which the obstacle is held in suspension has been calculated from it. The kinematic fields determined by PIV have enabled to characterize the shape and the extent of the sheared and static regions. The drag forces and the kinematic fields measurements have enabled to quantify the contribution of the normal and tangential stresses in the total drag force. The wall slip significantly reduces the drag coefficient and also reduces the extent of the sheared zones. A numerical simulation has been performed with an elasto-viscoplastic model by means of a code using finite elements method with Lagrangian integration points in the case of an adhesive flat plane
Nunzi, Francois. "Autour de quelques chaines de Markov combinatoires." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC270/document.
We consider two types of combinatoric Markov chains. We start with Juggling Markov chains, inspired from Warrington's model. We define multivariate generalizations of the existing models, for which we give stationary mesures and normalization factors with closed-form expressions. We also investigate the case where the maximum height at which the juggler may send balls tends to infinity. We then reformulate the Markov chain in terms of integer partitions, which allows us to consider the case where the juggler interacts with infinitely many balls. Our proofs are obtained through an enriched Markov chain on set partitions. We also show that one of the models has the ultrafast convergence property : the stationary mesure is reached after a finite number of steps. In the following Chapter, we consider multivariate generalizations of those models : the juggler now juggles with balls of different weights, and when a heavy ball collides with a lighter one, this light ball is bumped to a higher position, where it might collide with a lighter one, until a ball reaches the highest position. We give closed-form expressions for the stationary mesures and the normalization factors. The last Chapter is dedicated to the stochastic sandpile model, for which we give a proof for a conjecture set by Selig : the stationary mesure does not depend on the law governing sand grains additions
Filatova, Anna. "Les russes autour de Rodin (1880-1917)." Thesis, Paris, Ecole nationale des chartes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCP0001/document.
This study aims at supporting the thesis that Rodin's relations with Russia are in fact quite diverse. The manuscript consists of four parts. The first part is devoted to the perception of Rodin's work by the Russians. We study his relations with Russian art collectors, art amateurs, his participation in artistic events in Russia and his critical fortune in Russia. The second part deals with the Russians who contributed to Rodin's work (most notably, “praticiens” and pupils of Rodin, but also models and photographers). In the third part, we discuss Rodin's view on Russia. We find out how Russia becomes part of Rodin's life. The fourth part describes two artistic relations of Rodin, namely with Nijinski and Goloubew
Doradoux, Adrien. "Simulation numérique d’écoulements diphasiques autour d’un solide mobile." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0582/document.
Fictitious domain methods allow to simulate flows around complex and/or moving bodies with simple meshes. The object is "immersed" in a domain that contains fluid and solid volumes. The penalization method, which consists in adding a term in the momentum balance equation, in order to impose the solid velocity, is studied in a first part. Thanks to asymptotic expansions, the order of the error induced by this method is computed for moving bodies. This approach is then coupled with a Vector Penalty Projection scheme that permits to impose the incompressibility constraint. The convergence of the penalized scheme towards the Navier-Stokes equations is established. In a second part, an original approach, able to treat multiphase flowsis presented: the Time and Space Dependent Porosity method. The key idea is to consider the solid as a medium without mass. The discretization of the mass balance equation is modified,so that the total volume occupied by all fluid phases and the solid is equal to the total volume.This method is numerically validated on a set of various test cases including incompressible or compressible single phase flows and two-phase flows
Astudillo-Defru, Nicola. "Recherche de planètes habitables autour de naines M." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY022/document.
Since the first detection of an extrasolar planet orbiting a Sun-like star by Mayor and Queloz (1995), more than 1500 have been discovered. Enormous interest is currently focused on finding and characterising Earth-like planets, in particular those located in the habitable zone of their host star (defined as the distance from the host star where the planet temperature allows liquid water to flow on its surface). Both the detection of Earth-like planets, and the search for biomarkers in their atmospheres are among the main objectives of the twenty-first century's astronomy. The method known as radial velocities (RV), that consists in the measure of the star's reflex motion induced by orbiting planets, is a promising technique to achieve that quest.The main difficulties with the RV technique are the needs of an extremely stable spectrograph, a correct understanding of stellar activity (which can mimic the effect of a planet), a careful treatment of our Earth's atmosphere (which inevitable imprints spectra taken from the ground), and the need to dispose of a powerful algorithm to extract as much Doppler information as possible from the recorded spectra. Search for planets orbiting very low-mass stars (M dwarfs) can more easily reach the goal of detecting low-mass planets in the habitable zone of their parent star, compared to solar-type stars. Indeed, everything else being equal, a lower mass of the host star implies a larger reflex motion, and thus a larger RV amplitude. Moreover, the lower luminosity of M dwarfs compared to Sun-like stars, implies shorter orbital periods from planets in the habitable zone (~50 days against ~360 days, for M dwarfs compared to solar-type stars, respectively), resulting again in a larger RV amplitude. A RV precision of ~1 m/s allows a planet detection in the habitable zone of an M dwarf, whereas ~0.1 m/s is required in the case of a solar-type stars.This thesis aims to optimise the RV extraction from HARPS high-resolution spectra (and to open similar analysis on other instruments like SOPHIE, HARPS-N and the upcoming infrared spectrograph SPIRou -- to be commissioned to the 3.6-m CFH-Telescope). The effects of stellar activity will also be analysed, and contextualised in the RV technique. Stellar activity tracers are used to reject false detections or to study the relationships between the stellar magnetic activity and rotation. In this thesis (Chap.ref{chap:mag_activity}) I calibrate for the first time the ratio between the Ca textrm{small II} Htextrm{small &}K chromospheric lines and the bolometric luminosity for M dwarfs. I determine a relationship between the R^prime_{HK}-index and the rotation period of M dwarfs. In chapter~ref{chap:template_matching} I describe my algorithm to extract RVs through a chi^2-minimisation between a stellar template and the observed spectra. I demonstrate the improved accuracy of this method. Telluric spectral lines also affect the measurements of RV and are taken into account in the analysis procedures. I tested these methods on systems with planetary candidates, and for some systems, I took in charge the Keplerian analysis
Vernier, Caroline. "Autour du programme de Calabi, méthodes de recollement." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4046/document.
We study the existence of metrics of constant Hermitian scalar curvature on almost-Kähler manifolds obtained as smoothings of a constant scalar curvature Kähler orbifold, with A1 singularities. More precisely, given such an orbifold that does not admit nontrivial holomorphie vector fields, we show that an almost-Kähler smoothing (Mє, ωє) admits an almost-Kähler structure (Jє, gє) of constant Hermitian curvature. Moreover, we show that for є > O small enough, the (Mє, ωє) are all symplectically equivalent to a fixed symplectic manifold (M , ω) in which there is a surface S homologous to a 2-sphere, such that [S] is a vanishing cycle that admits a representant that is Hamiltonian stationary for gє
Valcu, Caterina. "Autour des équations de contrainte en relativité générale." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1180/document.
The long-term goal of my work is to find a viable alternative to the conformal method, which would allow us to better understand the geometry of the space of solutions of the constraint equations. The advantage of Maxwell's model (the drift model) is the presence of additional parameters. Its downside, however, is that it proves to be much more difficult from an analytic standpoint. My thesis is structued in two parts: a. Existence under suitable smallness conditions. We show that Maxwell's system is sufficiently reasonable: it can be solved even given the presence of focusing non linearities. We prove this under smallness conditions of its coefficients, and in dimensions 3,4 and 5. An immediate consequence is that the set of solutions is non-empty. b. Stability. We verify that the solutions of the system are stable: this result holds in dimensions 3,4 and 5, when the metric is conformally flat and the drift is small
Massé, Pierre-Yves. "Autour De L'Usage des gradients en apprentissage statistique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS568/document.
We prove a local convergence theorem for the classical dynamical system optimization algorithm called RTRL, in a nonlinear setting. The rtrl works on line, but maintains a huge amount of information, which makes it unfit to train even moderately big learning models. The NBT algorithm turns it by replacing these informations by a non-biased, low dimension, random approximation. We also prove the convergence with arbitrarily close to one probability, of this algorithm to the local optimum reached by the RTRL algorithm. We also formalize the LLR algorithm and conduct experiments on it, on synthetic data. This algorithm updates in an adaptive fashion the step size of a gradient descent, by conducting a gradient descent on this very step size. It therefore partially solves the issue of the numerical choice of a step size in a gradient descent. This choice influences strongly the descent and must otherwise be hand-picked by the user, following a potentially long research
Arras, Benjamin. "Autour de quelques processus à accroissements stationnaires et autosimilaires." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0060/document.
In this PhD thesis, we are concerned with some properties of a class of self-similar stochastic processes with stationary increments. These processes are represented by multiple Wiener-Itô integrals. In the first chapter, we study geometric properties of the sample path of this type of processes. Specifically, we obtain an almost sure wavelet expansion which, in turn, allows us to compute an upper bound for the uniform modulus of continuity, an upper bound for the asymptotic growth at infinity of the processes and the almost sure values of the pointwise and local Hölder exponents at any points. Moreover, we obtain lower and upper bounds for the Hausdorff dimensions of the graph and the image of multidimensional anisotropic versions of the class of processes previously considered. In the second and in the third chapters, we are interested in the stochastic calculus with respect to the Rosenblatt process. Using Hida distributions theory, we define a stochastic integral with respect to the Rosenblatt process. We obtain an Itô formula for some functional of the Rosenblatt process. We compute explicitly the variance of the stochastic integral with respect to the Rosenblatt process for a specific class of stochastic integrands. At last, we compare the considered integral with other definitions used in the literature and provide a careful analysis of the residual terms linking the different definitions of integrals
Le, Gac Florent. "Quelques problèmes d’énumération autour des matrices à signes alternants." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14287/document.
Abstract
Momège, Benjamin. "Autour de la connexité dans les graphes avec conflits." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22588/document.
We will look at graphs with conflicts (conflict is a pair of edges can not simultaneously be part of the same subgraph), in which we will study different types of problems related to the existence of subgraphs without conflict. The nature of the problems is both combinatorial and algorithmic. Our guideline is the notion of connectivity. We will see several results, simple without conflict, are no longer when adding conflicts. We will present exact algorithms (not polynomial), \mathcal{N P}-completeness results and sufficient conditions ensuring the existence of certain objects (spanning tree, path and Hamiltonian cycle) without conflict
Riquelme, Felipe. "Autour de l'entropie des difféomorphismes de variétés non compactes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S021/document.
In this work, we study the entropy of smooth dynamical systems defined on non compact Riemannian manifolds. First, we clarify some relations between different notions of entropy in this setting. Second, we use these first results in order to study the validity of Ruelle's inequality. This inequality, for diffeomorphisms defined on compact Riemannian manifolds, says that the measure-theoretic entropy is bounded from above by the sum of the positive Lyapunov exponents. We show that without the compactness assumption, Ruelle's inequality is not always satisfied. We obtain this result by constructing an explicit family of counterexamples. On the other hand, we prove, in the case of diffeomorphisms with linear asymptotic behavior, or that one of the geodesic flow on the unit tangent bundle of a Riemannian manifold with negative curvature, that Ruelle's inequality is always satisfied. Finally, we are interested in the problem of the possible escape of mass of a sequence of probability measures on a non compact Riemannian manifold. In the case of the geodesic flow, we show that the entropy allows to control the mass of a weak$^\ast$-limit of a sequence of probability measures, on the unit tangent bundle of a particular class of geometrically finite manifolds, which are also invariant by the flow. More precisely, we show that a sequence of measures with large enough entropy cannot lose the whole mass. Moreover, the optimal lower bound of the entropy in this result is related to the geometry of the non compact part of the manifold: it is the maximal critical exponent of the parabolic subgroups of the fundamental group
Massiot, Gaspar. "Quelques Problèmes de Statistique autour des processus de Poisson." Thesis, Rennes, École normale supérieure, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENSR0006/document.
The main purpose of this thesis is to develop statistical methodologies for stochastic processes data and more precisely Cox process data.The problems considered arise from three different contexts: nonparametric tests, nonparametric kernel estimation and minimax estimation.We first study the statistical test problem of detecting wether a Cox process is Poisson or not.Then, we introduce a semiparametric estimate of the regression over a Poisson point process. Using Itô’s famous chaos expansion for Poisson functionals, we derive asymptotic minimax properties of our estimator.Finally, we introduce a nonparametric estimate of the intensity of a Cox process whenever it is a deterministic function of a known coprocess
Delanoue, Elsa. "Débats et mobilisations autour de l’élevage : analyse d’une controverse." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20040/document.
The objective of this thesis is to question the controversy about livestock farming and to study its dynamic to then analyse the process by which this controversy results in a transformation of social norms. For that purpose, the controversy is addressed by a systemic analysis that enables to reflect the complexity of causal relations between its various aspects and its different scales of expression. Techniques of data collection and analysis lie on qualitative and quantitative methods in order to understand more precisely the social processes studied. A sociohistorical analysis enables to integrate the process of norms transformation in the long run and to show that, since the 19th century, the productiondriven system creates uncertainty regarding its application in the agricultural area, mainly in its consequences on animals and the environment. The description of the controversy elements shows that the controversy is structured around scientific and ethical uncertainties. Stakeholders of the controversy (the livestock sector and the associative sector) must come up with some answers to these scientific and ethical uncertainties. The analysis of the interest of the public for this controversy enables to identify a variety of ways of thinking the livestock farming that express among a hybrid forum in which a large number of actors contribute to make sense to this activity. However, power relations between the actors unbalance the capacities of each one to influence this norms construction. Globally, regulatory standards, professional and cultural norms are changing towards a distancing with a livestock farming form that is perceived as industrial and artificial
Chemli, Zakaria. "Développements combinatoires autour des tableaux et des nombres eulériens." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1055/document.
This thesis is at the crossroads of enumerative, algebraic and bijective combinatorics. It studies some algebraic problems from a combinatorial point of view, and conversely, uses algebraic formalism to deal with combinatorial questions.After a reminder about classical notions of combinatoics and algebraic structures, We introduce new combinatorial objects called the shifted domino tableaux, these objects can be seen as a shifted analog of domino tableaux or as an extension of shifted Young tableaux. We prove that these objects are in bijection with pairs of shifted Young tableaux. This bijection shows that shifted domino tableaux can be seen as elements of the super shifted plactic monoid, which is the shifted analog of the super plactic monoid. We also show that the sum over all shifted domino tableaux of a fixed shape describe a product of two P-Schur functions, and by taking a different kind of shifted domino tableaux we describe a product of two Q-Schur functions. We also propose two insertion algorithms for shifted domino tablaux, analogous to Haiman's left-right and mixed insertion algorithms. Still in the field of bijective combinatorics, we are interested in the second part of our work with bijections related to statistics on permutations and Eulerian numbers.In this second part of this thesis, we introduce the unimodality of finite sequences associated to different directions in the Eulerian triangle. We first give a combinatorial interpretations as well as recurrence relations of sequences associated with the direction (1, t) in the Eulerian triangle, where t≥1. These sequences are the coefficients of polynomials called the t-successive eulerian polynomials, which generalize the eulerian polynomials. We prove using a bijection between premutations and north-east lattice paths that those sequences are unomodal. Then we prove that the sequences associated with the directions (r, q), where r is a positive integer and q is an integer such that r + q ≥ 0, are also log-concave and therefore unimodal
Delorme, Mathieu. "Processus stochastiques et systèmes désordonnés : autour du mouvement Brownien." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE058/document.
In this thesis, we study stochastic processes appearing in different areas of statistical physics: Firstly, fractional Brownian motion is a generalization of the well-known Brownian motion to include memory. Memory effects appear for example in complex systems and anomalous diffusion, and are difficult to treat analytically, due to the absence of the Markov property. We develop a perturbative expansion around standard Brownian motion to obtain new results for this case. We focus on observables related to extreme-value statistics, with links to mathematical objects: Levy’s arcsine laws and Pickands’ constant. Secondly, the model of elastic interfaces in disordered media is investigated. We consider the case of a Brownian random disorder force. We study avalanches, i.e. the response of the system to a kick, for which several distributions of observables are calculated analytically. To do so, the initial stochastic equation is solved using a deterministic non-linear instanton equation. Avalanche observables are characterized by power-law distributions at small-scale with universal exponents, for which we give new results
Sid-Amar, Ismahane. "Autour de la décision qualitative en théorie des possibilités." Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0403/document.
In many applications, we are often in presence of decision making problems where the choice of appropriate actions need to be done. When the choice is clear and the risks are null, the decision becomes easy to select right actions. Decisions are more complex when available knowledge is flawed by uncertainty or when the established choice presents a risk. One of the main areas of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is to model, represent and reason about knowledge. In this thesis, we are interested in an inherent discipline in AI which concerns decision making problems.The qualitative possibility decision theory has developed several criteria, depending on the agent behavior, for helping him to make the right choice while maximizing one of these criteria. In this context, possibility theory provides a simple and natural way to encode uncertainty. It allows to express knowledge in a compact way using logical and graphical models. We propose in this thesis to study the representation and resolution of possibilistic qualitative decision problems. Possibilistic counterparts of standard approaches have been proposed and each approach aims to improve the computational complexity of computing optimal decisions and to provide more expressiveness to the representation model of the problem. In the logical framework, we proposed a new method for solving a qualitative decision problem, encoded by possibilistic bases, based on syntactic representations of data fusion problems. Subsequently, in a graphical framework, we proposed a new graphical model for decision making under uncertainty based on qualitatif possibilistic networks. Indeed, when agent's knowledge and preferences are expressed in a qualitative way, we suggest to encode them by two distinct qualitative possibilistic networks. We developed an efficient algorithm for computing optimistic optimal decisions based on syntactic counterparts of the possibilistic networks fusion. We also showed how an influence diagram can be equivalently represented in our new model. In particular, we proposed a polynomial algorithm for equivalently decomposing a given possibilistic influence diagram into two qualitatif possibilistic networks. In the last part of the thesis, we defined the concept of negated possibilistic network that can be used for computing optimal pessimistic decisions
FRECHET, SUTCLIFFE ROBYN. "L'illustration didactique d'un auteur encyclopediste-moraliste au debut du xive siecle : francesco da barberino et ses documenti d'amore." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR20091.
Santa, Everton Vinicius de. "Práticas de literatura na internete : a nova figura do autor em meio digital." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Letras e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, 2011. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000162050.
The propose of this thesis aims to investigate the creation of narrative techniques employed by writers of fiction blogs, in relation to those used by writers of epistolary novels, especially focusing on the propositions: what are the techniques employed for the construction of an epistolary novel that are not in the blog? Is there innovation, in aesthetic and literary terms? Are the construction and structure procedures of the novelists the same as the ones used by bloggers dedicated to writing fiction letters? Such questions must be answered through the observation of epistolary novels and selected blogs, as well as through the review of the theory of narrative and, consequently, of hypertext. The investigation through authorship and narrative construction in cyberspace was chosen because of an evident purpose: the increase in the reading and writing practices in this environment makes us review the concepts of literary theory, especially the figure of the author, so prized by high culture, and for the blog being a tool that focuses more on literary creation. Moreover, it is believed in the insufficiency of an investigation that deals with the construction of a text in light of literary studies combined with the theory of digital literature, in which questions about the role of criticism, review of literary canon, value of digital artistic object and authorship are focused. Thus, it starts with the hypothesis that the scenario in which the literary text is inserted changes, the focus occurs in four main areas: the theory of narrative and hypertext; the theory of the epistolary novel; issues about blogs; issues about authorship in digital media. Therefore, this thesis intends to point out and highlight similarities and differences between the construction and structure of a letter, set in different universes, paper and screen, in order to see to what extent the media interferes in the mechanisms of construction of the literary text and its reception.
Da, silva Nicolas. "Autour des relations température-précipitations dans la région Euro-Méditerranéenne." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX069/document.
The study of the water cycle is of crucial importance for all societies and more particularly for those around the Mediterranean which suffer both from droughts in summer and floods due to extreme precipitation events occurring in the autumn and in winter. Temperature is one of the main factors that govern the maximum intensity of precipitation through the Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) relationship. This law expresses the maximum amount of water vapor that the atmosphere can contain at a given temperature. Using regional climate simulations and observations, we have shown that the temperature-precipitation extremes relationships of the Mediterranean basin have a hooked shape with an increase in extreme precipitation near CC at low temperatures and then a smaller increase (or even a decrease) at higher temperatures. Aerosols, which are present in large quantities around the Mediterranean, absorb and reflect part of the radiation, helping to cool the lower layers of the atmosphere. By their action on the surface temperature, aerosols reduce precipitation. The study of numerical simulations also shows a modification of the temperature-precipitation relationship by aerosols (their effect on clouds) in the Euro-Mediterranean region. In addition to the lowering the available water vapor content, aerosols stabilize the atmosphere by further cooling the lower layers of the atmosphere relatively to the upper layers. The temperature-precipitation relationship of a given climate is often studied in order to predict precipitation trends in a warmer future climate. However, this extrapolation assumes that the relationship between temperature and precipitation does not change between the present climate and the future climate, a hypothesis which proves to be fragile when looking at the sensitivity of this relationship to the aerosol content of the atmosphere, but also in view of the change in the availability of water vapor in a future climate. In this thesis, we have shown that for several coastal stations, projections in the future of several regional climate models suggest that extreme precipitation should increase in proportion to the temperature increases according to CC law. A phenomenon that we have not been able to observe for more isolated areas from the sea and where the influx of water vapor would be reduced