Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Autecology'
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1
Parsons, Michael Jonathan. "The autecology and biogeography of New Guinea butterflies." Thesis, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243801.
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Sharland, Eva Catherine. "Autecology of Vertigo angustior and Vertigo geyeri in Wales." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369889.
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Bäck, Saara. "Comparative autecology of Baltic and Atlantic Fucus vesiculosus L." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316505.
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Gause, Austin. "Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of Quaternary Saltville, Virginia, using Ostracode Autecology." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3783.
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The Saltville valley in southwestern Virginia is home to Quaternary localities containing paleontological and archaeological remains. Historically the valley has been mined for salt and the small lakes, ponds and springs along the valley floor have a brackish signature. A preliminary report on the site’s ostracode fauna suggested that the site’s water was not always saline. This study analyzed modern and Quaternary ostracodes to understand the valley’s hydrologic and chemical evolution. Sediments contained primarily freshwater species, including the environmentally sensitive Candona crogmaniana. The presence of Pelocypris tuberculatum and a new Fabaeformiscandona species throughout a vertical section spanning the latest Pleistocene and Holocene suggests that ephemeral pools were being fed by freshwater springs throughout the latest Quaternary. Climate ranges, estimated through species autecology and MOTR, reveal that the site’s mean annual temperature was between 0 - 19.1℃. Ostracode salinity tolerances suggest that the site was fresh during the sampled record.
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Wotton, Noelene Joy. "Aspects of the autecology of the pearl bluebush, Mairenana sedifolia /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw937.pdf.
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Pearce, Coral. "Diet, breeding and growth in a new carnivorous marsupial, the Buff-footed Antechinus, Antechinus mysticus, at the northern and southern limits of its range." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/95944/15/Coral%20Pearce%20Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examined the diet and ecology of a new species of suicidal mammal. The mammal’s diet included a wide range of insects and spiders, supplemented by vertebrates such as small lizards. Breeding strategy was the same as for other members of the genus: all males die annually, apparently due to immune system malfunction after a brief period of frenetic mating.
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Raghu, Sathyamurthy, and n/a. "The Autecology of Bactrocera cacuminata (Hering) (Diptera:Tephritidae:Dacinae): Functional Significance of Resources." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030605.162831.
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This thesis investigated the autecology of the dacine species, Bactrocera cacuminata (Hering) (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae). I specifically focused on the adult phase of the life cycle and resources believed to be significant to this life stage. The prevailing paradigm in dacine ecology predicts that the larval host plant serves as the centre of dacine activity, a state mediated by mutualistic associations with fruit fly-type bacteria. Contrary to predictions, an explicit test of this hypothesis found that the host plant of B. cacuminata, Solanum mauritianum Scopoli, acted almost exclusively as a site for oviposition and larval development. Other key adult behaviours, most notably feeding and mating, were rare at the host plant. Even in disturbed habitats, the paucity of key adult behaviours such as mating was striking. Adult flies of this species were therefore hypothesized to be utilizing other components of their habitat, i.e. resources vital to their life history requirements. Some of the resources that B. cacuminata are known to respond to include sugar, protein, methyl eugenol and the host plant. The latter three resources are believed to be critical in the reproductive success of dacine flies in general. I assessed the physiological status of flies arriving at these resources to determine if flies of different status foraged for resources differently. In dacines, the internal reproductive structures of the male and female flies have been used as predictors of physiological status. I quantified expansion of the male ejaculatory apodeme in B. cacuminata with age of fly and found that there is a threshold apodeme size that is strongly correlated Abstract with sexual maturity. Maturity of female flies could be accurately predicted by ovarian development. Using these methods to assess the physiological and nutritional status of flies arriving at resources (larval host plant, protein and methyl eugenol) in the field, I discovered that only sexually mature and mated females were responding to the host plant, while the males at the host plant were sexually immature. This confirmed the hypothesis that the host plant primarily served as an oviposition site. Additionally, this study revealed that sexually mature males with high nutritional reserves were most commonly collected at methyl eugenol (a plant-derived chemical that elicits a strong response in males of many dacine species) at dusk, the time of peak sexual activity in this species. This indicated that methyl eugenol was perhaps a significant resource in the context of the reproductive behaviour of this species. Methyl eugenol (ME) is one of group of phenyl propanoids to which males of certain species of Dacinae respond. The current hypothesis of the role of these phenyl propanoids is that they function as pheromone precursor chemicals. Response to these chemicals is hypothesized to be a trait under sexual selection. In Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), this effect is so strong that a single feeding on ME results in a strong mating advantage up to a month after males feed on the chemical. Bactrocera cacuminata fed on multiple occasions on ME in a laboratory bioassay. After a single 24-hour exposure to ME, investigations of mating competitiveness did not reveal any obvious advantage for ME-fed males over unfed males. However, ME-fed males did enjoy a higher mating success 16 and 32 days after exposure to the chemical, suggesting that some physiological benefits unrelated to the pheromone synthesis was driving this delayed advantage. Investigation of the physiological consequences of feeding on ME revealed no enhancement of nutritional or energetic reserves, suggesting that the delayed mating advantage observed was more likely a chance event. An alternate hypothesis about the proximate function of ME, proposed by Robert Metcalf, is that it serves as a mate rendezvous site. As mating behaviour was notably absent at the host plant, I tested Metcalfs hypothesis. A field-cage experiment, spatially separating adult resources (host plant, methyl eugenol, sugar and protein) clearly demonstrated that methyl eugenol was functioning as a mate rendezvous stimulus for B. cacuminata. This is the first direct support for Metcalfs hypothesis. A synthesis of the literature revealed that significantly greater ecological and evolutionary information was required to understand the basis of dacine response to phenyl propanoids. Different dacine species may be utilizing these chemicals differently, even if their evolutionary origin may have been as a plant based kairomone. My studies show that generalizations on the ecology and behaviour of Dacinae, often extrapolated from research on a few pest species, do not hold up in the case of B. cacuminata. This suggests that a more autecological, species-specific approach is required in dacine research, before any predictive generalizations can be made.
8
Headley, A. D. "The comparative autecology of some European species of Lycopodium sensu lato." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376575.
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Jones, David Owen. "Morphometric analysis of taxonomy, evolution, autecology and homology in ozarkodinid conodonts." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30460.
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A rigorous understanding of conodont element morphology is fundamental to virtually every aspect of conodont research, yet the complexity of morphological variation within elements presents a challenge for qualitative approaches. To address this problem, a suite of new morphometric protocols has been developed and applied to two conodont taxa. Analysis of the conodont Ozarkodina excavata has enabled development of a new quantitative methodology to objectively discriminate between morphologically similar elements occupying different positions within the conodont skeleton. The methodology differentiated elements with a success rate comparing favourably to expert discrimination, and has application not only in identifying homology in collections of isolated elements, but also in taxonomy. The hypothesis that '0.' excavata is monospecific has also been tested, and the discovery of significant morphological discontinuities between spatiotemporally separated populations strongly suggests that multiple species are currently accommodated within this taxon. The protocols also have potential to permit repeated and objective identification of biostratigraphically useful morphologies. A natural population of lO.' excavata has been examined, elucidating population structure, survivorship and element and apparatus growth within this taxon at a level of detail exceptional even for conodont studies. Evolutionary and taxonomic hypotheses have been tested in the conodont genus Pterospathodus, using a long, densely and evenly sampled stratigraphic sequence. This has revealed few discontinuities within measured variables through time, highlighting the difficulties of objective taxonomic division of an anagenetic continuum. Apparent directional evolutionary trends are partially confirmed, but analysis is hindered by the inability to identify immature elements and separate ontogenetic and evolutionary change. This study has quantified evolutionary rates in conodonts for the first time. The methods and results presented here have the potential to catalyse comprehensive morphometric analysis of conodonts using these widely applicable protocols and refine the existing qualitative framework around which our understanding of conodont morphology is currently based.
10
Raghu, Sathyamurthy. "The Autecology of Bactrocera cacuminata (Hering) (Diptera:Tephritidae:Dacinae): Functional Significance of Resources." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366116.
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This thesis investigated the autecology of the dacine species, Bactrocera cacuminata (Hering) (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae). I specifically focused on the adult phase of the life cycle and resources believed to be significant to this life stage. The prevailing paradigm in dacine ecology predicts that the larval host plant serves as the centre of dacine activity, a state mediated by mutualistic associations with fruit fly-type bacteria. Contrary to predictions, an explicit test of this hypothesis found that the host plant of B. cacuminata, Solanum mauritianum Scopoli, acted almost exclusively as a site for oviposition and larval development. Other key adult behaviours, most notably feeding and mating, were rare at the host plant. Even in disturbed habitats, the paucity of key adult behaviours such as mating was striking. Adult flies of this species were therefore hypothesized to be utilizing other components of their habitat, i.e. resources vital to their life history requirements. Some of the resources that B. cacuminata are known to respond to include sugar, protein, methyl eugenol and the host plant. The latter three resources are believed to be critical in the reproductive success of dacine flies in general. I assessed the physiological status of flies arriving at these resources to determine if flies of different status foraged for resources differently. In dacines, the internal reproductive structures of the male and female flies have been used as predictors of physiological status. I quantified expansion of the male ejaculatory apodeme in B. cacuminata with age of fly and found that there is a threshold apodeme size that is strongly correlated Abstract with sexual maturity. Maturity of female flies could be accurately predicted by ovarian development. Using these methods to assess the physiological and nutritional status of flies arriving at resources (larval host plant, protein and methyl eugenol) in the field, I discovered that only sexually mature and mated females were responding to the host plant, while the males at the host plant were sexually immature. This confirmed the hypothesis that the host plant primarily served as an oviposition site. Additionally, this study revealed that sexually mature males with high nutritional reserves were most commonly collected at methyl eugenol (a plant-derived chemical that elicits a strong response in males of many dacine species) at dusk, the time of peak sexual activity in this species. This indicated that methyl eugenol was perhaps a significant resource in the context of the reproductive behaviour of this species. Methyl eugenol (ME) is one of group of phenyl propanoids to which males of certain species of Dacinae respond. The current hypothesis of the role of these phenyl propanoids is that they function as pheromone precursor chemicals. Response to these chemicals is hypothesized to be a trait under sexual selection. In Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), this effect is so strong that a single feeding on ME results in a strong mating advantage up to a month after males feed on the chemical. Bactrocera cacuminata fed on multiple occasions on ME in a laboratory bioassay. After a single 24-hour exposure to ME, investigations of mating competitiveness did not reveal any obvious advantage for ME-fed males over unfed males. However, ME-fed males did enjoy a higher mating success 16 and 32 days after exposure to the chemical, suggesting that some physiological benefits unrelated to the pheromone synthesis was driving this delayed advantage. Investigation of the physiological consequences of feeding on ME revealed no enhancement of nutritional or energetic reserves, suggesting that the delayed mating advantage observed was more likely a chance event. An alternate hypothesis about the proximate function of ME, proposed by Robert Metcalf, is that it serves as a mate rendezvous site. As mating behaviour was notably absent at the host plant, I tested Metcalf’s hypothesis. A field-cage experiment, spatially separating adult resources (host plant, methyl eugenol, sugar and protein) clearly demonstrated that methyl eugenol was functioning as a mate rendezvous stimulus for B. cacuminata. This is the first direct support for Metcalf’s hypothesis. A synthesis of the literature revealed that significantly greater ecological and evolutionary information was required to understand the basis of dacine response to phenyl propanoids. Different dacine species may be utilizing these chemicals differently, even if their evolutionary origin may have been as a plant based kairomone. My studies show that generalizations on the ecology and behaviour of Dacinae, often extrapolated from research on a few pest species, do not hold up in the case of B. cacuminata. This suggests that a more autecological, species-specific approach is required in dacine research, before any predictive generalizations can be made.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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Snyder, Joshua P. "The autecology of Rhacodactylus auriculatus a natural history study of gargoyle geckos /." Click here for download, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1331400641&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Tumnoi, Wanwiwa. "The autecology of Tapes philippinarum (Adams and Reeve, 1850) in Southampton Water, UK." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/351817/.
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Klinka, Karel, John Worrall, L. Skoda, Pal Varga, and Christine Chourmouzis. "The distribution and synopsis of ecological and silvical characteristics of tree species of British Columbia's forests." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/714.
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An updated silvics text for British Columbia. The need for an effective learning tool for silvics - one of the basic required courses in forestry - has been recognized by intructors as well as students across the province. The text prepared 18 years ago by Krajina et al. (1982) specifically for western Canada has become outdated. The silvics text by Burns and Honkala (1990) represents an up-to-date compendium but it is not an effective learning tool, particularly lacking in the linkage of silvics to ecological classification. Consequently, we revised and expanded “Distribution and Ecological Characteristics of Trees and Shrubs of British Columbia” (Krajina et al. 1982) using the available information on silvics, with some modification for BC and the results of recent silvics research done in BC. This material has been consolidated into a format that will help
students understand the silvical attributes of tree species as well as the relationships between trees and their environments. To enhance learning, we have selected a series of slides illustrating the salient characteristics for each species and present this visual
component on a CD-ROM included with the text. Also included is a large biogeoclimatic zone map of BC. The text, together with the CD-ROM, is intended to facilitate learning of silvics emphasizing its application to silviculture.
14
Al-Rshaidat, Mamoon. "Iron physiological autecology of the vertically migrating diatoms Ethmodiscus spp. and Rhizosolenia spp. in the Central North Pacific (CNP) gyre." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1162834373.
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Gray, Emma L. "Ecology and status of a new species of carnivorous marsupial, the Black-Tailed Dusky Antechinus (A. Arktos) and its relationship with a sympatric congener, the Brown Antechinus (A. Stuartii)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/112503/1/Emma_Gray_Thesis.pdf.
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Since 2012, the number of described species in the carnivorous marsupial genus Antechinus has increased by 50%. The present thesis aimed to collect and analyse fundamental ecological data for one newly described species, the black-tailed dusky antechinus, Antechinus arktos, about which virtually nothing was known. Population ecology and geographic range of the species was used to determine conservation status. The foundational ecological information detailed in this thesis concerning breeding biology, diet, activity patterns and optimal detection methods, will assist in planning future conservation initiatives of this endangered marsupial.
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Kubo, Kyoko [Verfasser], Rudolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Amann, and Manabu [Akademischer Betreuer] Fukui. "Autecology of crenarchaeotal and bacterial clades in marine sediments and microbial mats / Kyoko Kubo. Gutachter: Rudolf Amann ; Manabu Fukui. Betreuer: Rudolf Amann." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1071897969/34.
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Knausenberger, Walter Ingolf. "Contributions to the autecology and ecosystematics of immature ceratopogonidae (Diptera), with emphasis on the tribes heteromyiini and sphaeromiini in the middle atlantic United States." Diss., This resource online, 1986. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07112009-040603/.
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Stanley, Susan J. "The autecology and ultrastructural interactions between Mycosphaerella ascophylli Cotton, Lautitia danica (Berlese) Schatz, Mycaureola dilseae Maire et Chemin : and their respective marine algal hosts." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293098.
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Three species of higher algicolous fungi were examined at the autecologica1, cultural, light microscope, and scanning and transmission electron microscope levels. Fungal development and the host-parasite relationship are described for each association. The seasonal occurrence of marine fungi from intertidal populations of Dilsea carnosa, Ascophyllum nodosum and Chondrus crispus was examined at Bembridge, Isle of Wight, UK. A basidiomycete pathogen, Mycaureola dilseae, was found on D. carnosa, and two ascomycetes, Mycosphaerella ascophylli and Lautitia danica, on A. nodosum and C. crispus, respectively. Mycaureola dilseae is host specific and exhibited a limited reproductive cycle with green necrotic lesions and basidiomata observed only during September and October. Mycosphaerella ascophylli is an obligate endophyte of A. nodosum, an association in which the fungal and algal reproductive cycles were found to be synchronous with sporocarps confmed to host receptacles. This fungus is also found in Pelvetia canaliculata. Sporocarps of L. danica were recorded on cystocarpic C. crispus throughout the year, with a higher incidence of the fungus on older fronds. Tetrasporic C. crispus was also infected and in both cases the fungus was confmed to algal reproductive tissues. Mycosphaerella ascophylli was isolated from A. nodosum and P. canaliculata tissues and the anamorph, Septoria ascophylli was induced to sporulate. Growth of M. di/seae from D. carnosa lesions was limited and Lautitia danica could not be isolated from infected C. crispus tissues. Ascospore (L. danica and M. ascophylli) and basidiospore (M. di/seae) cultures did not grow beyond the germ tube phase. Hyphae of M. dilseae grew both inter- and intra-cellularly in D. carnosa. Penetration of algal cells was initially achieved by fme bifurcated penetration hyphae and there is evidence of mechanical pressure and localized enzyme action. The fungus caused a progressive breakdown of algal cell walls and cell contents; particularly evident was the damage to chloroplasts and dissolution of Floridean starch grains. Infection fmally resulted in the formation on necrotic lesions, each surrounded by a ring of basidiomata. Transmission electron microscopy showed the ascus of M. ascophylli to be bitunicate with a thick endoascus and thin ectoascus. Intra-membranous haustoria were occasionally observed in the outer cell wall of A. nodosum and P. canaliculata. Lautitia danica asci were bitunicate and ascospores were covered with a mucilagenous layer. Penetration of host cells caused extensive damage and blackening of host reproductive tissues. The relevance of these results are discussed in relation to algal pathology and marine fungal ultrastructure.
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Schreiber, Benjamin [Verfasser], Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Schulz, and Henner [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Hollert. "Conservation of the European weatherfish Misgurnus fossils - stocking measures, autecology and potential threats / Benjamin Schreiber ; Gutachter: Ralf Schulz, Henner Hollert ; Ralf Schulz, Henner Hollert." Landau : Universität Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau, 2017. http://d-nb.info/114775909X/34.
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Al-Rshaidat, Mamoon M. D. "Iron physiological autecology of the vertically migrating diatoms Ethmodiscus spp. and Rhizosolenia spp. in the Central North Pacific (CNP) gyre." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1162834373.
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Snook, Deborah Jane. "Some aspects of the autecology of Rhizoclonuium riparium (Roth) Harv. with special reference to its growth in the maturation ponds of the Grahamstown sewage works." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004724.
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During 1982 benthic and floating filamentous algal mats appeared in the maturation ponds of the Grahamstown Sewage Disposal Works. These mats clogged the ponds and reduced the efficiency by which the effluent was purified. As they continued to be a problem despite numerous efforts to remove them, this study was initiated to investigate the alga, establish why it was successful in the pond environment, and how its growth could be controlled. The physico-chemical environment of a representative maturation pond was characterised while laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the growth, photosynthetic and respiratory characteristics in the alga. The alga was identified as Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harv. although its morphological variability was greater than that reported in the literature. Growth and photosynthetic studies indicated that the alga favoured temperatures between 20 and 30⁰C and relatively high light intensity (700μE.m⁻².s⁻¹) and that it was highly productive. In addition, the alga exhibited photoadaptive ability, although it seemed to be sensitive to photoinhibition. Its success in the maturation pond was attributed to the favourable physico-chemical environment, particularly the high transparency of the effluent which allowed the penetration of PAR to the pond floor and to the alga's ability to adapt to the change in environment when it floated from the pond floor to its surface. Although the algal mats contribute to the oxidation of the effuent within the maturation pond, they are generally detrimental to the system because they shade the water column and inhibit wind-induced mixing. Recommendations on methods of controlling of the mats are presented.KMBT_363
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Ross, John. "The autecology of the meadow thistle (Cirsium dissectum L. Hill) on Devon RHoS pastures, with particular reference to the effect of major environmental variables on the population dynamics." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2474.
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Semi-natural wet grassland communities are rapidly disappearing from the farmed landscape. Protection of remaining areas and restoration of degraded areas has become a priority with organisations concerned with the conservation of biodiversity in the U.K. The research described in this thesis provides an insight into the community dynamics of one particularly rare plant community, the Cirsio-Molinietum fen meadow (NVC M24). This was achieved by examining the autecology of Cirsium dissectum, one of the key indicator species of this community. The habitat environment where C. dissectum is present was characterised at eight Devon M24 locations and ten non-M24 locations. This revealed a particularly unique suite of environmental conditions. Soil water content was found to be relatively high with little seasonal fluctuation. Mineral nutrient status was characterised by particularly low phosphorus, below optimal nitrogen, ample calcium and potassium and a soil pH which was only mildly acid. The physiological characteristics of C. dissectum were determined by a series of controlled experiments. The species exhibited a high water requirement but was relatively tolerant of drought stress and prolonged dehydration. It was demonstrated that C. dissectum is well adapted to a low phosphorus environment, is tolerant of nitrogen levels considered below optimum for many plants and is relatively tolerant of shade. It can also recover from partial or total defoliation in a relatively short period of time without any loss in plant mass or carbohydrate reserves. From the physiological characteristics, it was concluded that C. dissectum conforms to the "stress-tolerant competitor" functional type. It was also concluded that the decline of the species is directly related to loss of habitat as a result of its degree of specialism and specific niche requirement. The implications for management of existing sites and restoration of degraded sites is discussed and an outline model of appropriate management actions is presented.
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Charru, Marie. "LA PRODUCTIVITÉ FORESTIÈRE DANS UN ENVIRONNEMENT CHANGEANT : CARACTÉRISATION MULTI-ÉCHELLE DE SES VARIATIONS RÉCENTES À PARTIR DES DONNÉES DE L’INVENTAIRE FORESTIER NATIONAL (IFN) ET INTERPRÉTATION ENVIRONNEMENTALE." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0027/document.
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Des changements de croissance ont été documentés pour le XXe siècle dans de nombreuses régions en Europe. Cependant une évaluation exhaustive des changements de productivité, à une large échelle géographique, avec une analyse de leur hétérogénéité spatiale et de la diversité interspécifique de la réponse fait encore défaut. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer les changements récents de la productivité forestière aux échelles nationale, régionale et locale en France, et de rechercher leurs causes environnementales, à partir d'une approche de modélisation statistique de l'accroissement en surface terrière du peuplement (∆G) et d'indicateurs environnementaux. Nous avons utilisé les données de l'inventaire forestier national français pour 8 espèces dont la niche écologique et la distribution diffèrent (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Quercus petraea, Quercus pubescens, Picea abies, Abies alba, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus halepensis), observées en peuplements purs et réguliers. Nous présentons les facteurs ayant un effet sur la productivité des différentes espèces à l'échelle nationale, ainsi que des cartes de productivité suggérant que l'aire de distribution des espèces n'est pas toujours limitée par les conditions environnementales. Entre 1980 et 2005, nous observons des tendances positives, modales ou non significatives de la productivité pour toutes les espèces à l'exception des deux espèces méditerranéennes dont la productivité a diminué, soulignant ainsi la variabilité interspécifique de ces changements. Nous observons également de fortes variations spatiales des changements de productivité, autant dans leur intensité que dans leur signe, aux échelles régionale et intra-régionale. Ces résultats remettent en question la pertinence d'une évaluation moyenne à large échelle et soulignent le caractère contextuel des estimations. Nous mettons en évidence le rôle du réchauffement climatique récent dans les tendances observées. Ce travail fournit une évaluation plurispécifique et multi-échelle de la réaction de la productivité des espèces arborées à un environnement changeant. Nous avons souligné le caractère spécifique des changements de productivité et leur caractère contextuel, du fait de différences dans l'autécologie des espèces et de variations spatiales des facteurs limitants. Une étude approfondie de l'effet des facteurs environnementaux et de leurs interactions complexes est nécessaire pour la prédiction de la productivité future des espècesGrowth trends have been reported in many regions of Europe over the twentieth century. However, an integrated assessment of productivity changes, including focus on a wide geographical scale, analysis of spatial heterogeneity, and the inter-specific diversity of growth responses is still lacking. The aim of this Ph.D work was to assess recent changes in forest productivity on a national, regional and local scale in France, and to investigate their potential environmental causes, based on statistical modeling approaches of stand basal area increment (BAI), and environmental indicators. We used the French NFI data for 8 species of contrasted ecological niches and distributions (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Quercus petraea, Quercus pubescens, Picea abies, Abies alba, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus halepensis), taken in pure and even-aged stands. We identified the main factors influencing tree species productivity on a national scale, and produced productivity maps suggesting that species distribution ranges are not always limited by environmental conditions. Between 1980 and 2005, the productivity trends reported were positive, modal or non-significant for all species, except the two Mediterranean species for which productivity decreased, highlighting inter-specific differences in these changes. We observed strong variations of productivity changes, both in intensity and sign, on a regional and intra-regional scale. These results question the relevance of wide-scale average assessments and highlight their context-dependence. The role of recent climatic warming in featuring the BAI trends was highlighted. This work provides an enriched scale- and species-dependent assessment of tree species reaction to a changing environment. We emphasized the species- and context dependence of productivity changes, due to differences in species autecology and spatial variations in the limiting factors. Further focus on the effect of environmental factors and their complex interactions is needed for the prediction of species future productivity
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Boyemba, Bosela Faustin. "Ecologie de Pericopsis elata (Harms) Van Meeuwen (Fabaceae), arbre de forêt tropicale africaine à répartition agrégée." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209883.
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Pericopsis elata is an African forestry species commercialized under the vernacular names afrormosia or assamela. It is one of the principal species commonly exploited for timber in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and in a lesser extent in Cameroon and Congo. In view of its sustainable resource exploitation, the species is in centre of numerous polemics notably in the European Union. It is one of the rare commercialized species that produce wood, since 1992, as listed in the CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) annex II specifying that “the exploitation of afrormosia necessitate the deliverance and a prior presentation of exploitation permit”. The most important reserves of afrormosia are found in DRC. This doctoral thesis presents the ecology of this particular tree and its behaviour regarding forestry exploitation. It allows to inform the international organisms such as CITES as well as the national policy-makers on the vulnerability of afrormosia and to propose appropriate measures that can avoid future unsustainable/unregulated exploitation activities/Pericopsis elata est une espèce forestière africaine commercialisée sous les noms d’afrormosia ou d’assamela. Elle est une des principales espèces exploitées pour le bois d’œuvre en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) et dans une moindre mesure au Cameroun et au Congo. Elle est au centre de nombreuses polémiques, notamment dans l’Union européenne, en ce qui concerne la durabilité de son exploitation. C’est une des rares espèces commerciales productrice de bois d’œuvre listée, depuis 1992, dans l’Annexe II de la CITES (Convention sur le commerce international des espèces en danger d’extinction) qui spécifie que « L'exportation d'un spécimen d'une espèce inscrite à l'Annexe II nécessite la délivrance et la présentation préalables d'un permis d'exportation ». Les plus grandes réserves d’afrormosia se trouvent en RDC. Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur l’écologie de cet arbre et sur son comportement vis-à-vis de l’exploitation forestière. Elle permet d’informer les organismes internationaux comme la CITES et les décideurs nationaux sur la vulnérabilité de l’afrormosia et de proposer des mesures à prendre pour que l’espèce ne soit pas menacée par une exploitation mal conduite et non réguléeDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Su, Wei-che, and 蘇瑋哲. "The Application of Fish Autecology Matrix to Habitat Simulation." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87811122979944484575.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系碩博士班
96
Although Taiwan is a small island, it possesses extraordinarily abundant biodiversity resources and many endemic species. Understanding the fish assemblage composition and assessing their habitat preferences is an important reference for the ecological engineering work in river restoration. This study collected fish and habitat data in Tsengwen River Basin from late 2007 to early 2008. Electrofishing was used to collect fish in grids and not positioned repeatedly sampling 74 times. By using the field survey data, fish habitat preferences can be learned, and this information can be used to establish the fish community - habitat models. A total of 622 samples was obtained, including 6 genera and 15 species, and the dominant species are Rhinogobius giurinus, Sinogastromyzon puliensis, Rhinogobius rubromaculatus, Zacco pachycephalus. Fuzzy control theory is applied to model habitats as deep pool, deep riffle, shallow riffle, and shallow pool – which are defined by surveyed depth and velocity. In order to consider the organism requirements of the river, the model was developed primarily from an ecological point of view. Fish sampling data was analyzed by a fish autecology matrix (Suen 2005) to identify the fish habitat preferences, which were presented as percentages. This environmental requirement information was then combined with surveyed habitat data for establishing stream habitat simulation system. The cross validated habitat model can be used for large scale sampling data in a watershed. By using historical fish sampling data, the system could simulate stream habitat percentage composition, and the fish community habitat preference could be analyzed. This study can provide a reference of stream restoration and ecological engineering to maintain the ecological integrity and diversity in the rivers.
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Pudney, K. J. "The autecology of Lonicera japonica in a restoration context." 2009. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20090312.092450/index.html.
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(9869507), DC Cunningham. "Autecology of Cassia brewsteri with respect to galactomannan production." Thesis, 2000. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Autecology_of_Cassia_brewsteri_with_respect_to_galactomannan_production/13413062.
Full textAbstract:
Cassia brewsteri (Caesalpiniaceae) is a tree endemic to central Queensland. In this thesis, the potential of the plant as a source of seed gums (galactomannans) with industrial applications has been assessed in terms of genetic diversity, distribution and habitat, phenology, propagation, insect pests, seed chemistry, gelling characteristics and economic viability. Radio-labelled DNA Amplification Fingerprinting was used to indicate the level of genetic variation within C. brewsteri. Phylogenetic analyses supported the maintenance of the four native Cassia taxa at species level and the division of C. brewsteri into two subspecies. Ecological parameters associated with 124 sites of natural or cultivated occurrence were characterised in terms of soil and vegetation type, and potential cultivation areas predicted using the climate modelling software BIOCLIM. A broad area of eastern Queensland was shown to be suitable for the cultivation of the tree. Reproductive phenology of the tree was documented and found to allow for a confined harvest period (once per year). Seed germination was achieved most effectively by mechanical scarification while propagation by rooted cuttings was unsuccessful. Heavy predation of seed by Caryedon serratus (an exotic bruchid) was noted, and the potential impact of this insect on the ecology of its host, and the potential for infestation of Arachis hypogaea (peanut) is discussed. Cassia brewsteri seed galactomannan was demonstrated to be acceptable for use as a food gum. It is comparable to Ceratonia siliqua ( carob) gum in gelling strength, and contains less than 10 ppm of the toxin chrysophanic acid. However, preliminary estimates of yield and return on investment from plantation culture of Cassia brewsteri for seed production were not encouraging.
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Chambers, Kimberlee. "Autecology, ethnobotany and agronomy of Balsamorhiza sagitta: Northwestern Plateau, British Columbia." Thesis, 2001. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/8834.
Full textAbstract:
This research examines an edible and medicinal plant species, Balsamorhiza
sagittata Pursh (Nutt) (balsamroot, or spring sunflower). Included are: 1) a study of
literature concerning previous uses and potential agronomic applications of B. sagittata;
2) an ecological study to assess the general habitat requirements of B. sagittata at three
populations in the Northwestern Plateau of British Columbia; and 3) an agronomic study
of B. sagittata, the main purpose of which is to explore the development of the species in
a cropping system or as a horticulture plant.
Ethnobotanical literature confirms that B. sagittata has a long tradition as a highly
significant food and medicinal resource on the Northern plateau. A review of botanical
and range literature indicates that the species is an ecologically important forb in
sagebrush ecosystems.
Ecological data collectci:l was significantly different between the field sites. The
only variable that was statistically similar at the Pavilion Mountain, Hat Creek Valley and
Botanie Valley research locations was the number of blooms on the B. sagittata plants.
Furthermore the data did not indicate significant correlations to explain variation in the
number of B. sagittata plants between sample plots.
Preliminary agronomic experiments indicate that B. sagittata can be propagated
by seed, both in a greenhouse and at a field location. Treating seeds with ethylene before
stratification significantly increased seed germination.Graduate
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Champion, Harold Frederick Ballard. "The reproductive biology of Penaeus indicus with notes on its autecology." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9752.
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Roberts, Jane (Jane M. M. ). "The autecology of `Typha` spp. in south-eastern Australia / by Jane Roberts." 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18516.
Full textAbstract:
Errata (4 leaves) insertedBibliography: leaves 185-212
212 leaves : ill ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Zoology, 1987
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Huan-HsuanChang and 張桓旋. "Using Fish Autecology Matrix &; Artificial Neural Networks to Simulate Instream Fish Habitat Conditions." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04496855971947653433.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系
102
Recently, more and more people realize the importance of Ecology. For river restoration, ecological engineering projects that providing more suitable habitats for fish community are being designed. To sustain fish population and maintain biodiversity, understanding the relationship between fish community and physical habitat of rivers plays an important role. This study proposes a simplified method to estimate the mesohabitat composition that would favor members of a given set of fish species. Sampling data were collected form HouKu River and WuGouShui River, Taiwan. Using an autecology matrix to identify the critical environmental factors for fish and fuzzy control theory which including depth and velocity as inputs to classify habitats as shallow pool, shallow riffle, deep pool, and deep riffle. Linear regression (LR) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to run the fish habitat models which are based on fish data, abiotic data and an autecology matrix. The result shows that ANNs is an appropriate tool for modeling the relationship between fish and habitat. The models results constitute a reference condition that can be used to guide stream restoration and ecological engineering decisions aimed at maintaining the natural ecological integrity and diversity of rivers.
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(9790628), Olivia Daniels. "Autecology, allelopathy and toxicity of Limnothrix (strain AC0243): Multiple-organism studies using laboratory cultures." Thesis, 2016. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Autecology_allelopathy_and_toxicity_of_Limnothrix_strain_AC0243_Multiple-organism_studies_using_laboratory_cultures/13405466.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the growth, allelopathy and toxicity of laboratory cultures of the cyanobacterium Limnothrix (strain AC0243). Key findings of the research show evidence that this strain demonstrates ecological plasticity and should be considered as a potentially dangerous invasive species.
General observations of the strain under normal (non-experimental) conditions showed extensive plasticity in terms of colony morphology. These forms included floating and non-floating ‘ball’ colonies, well structured colonies attached to the tissue culture flasks, sheets of intertwined trichomes loosely attached to the flasks or planktonic masses. No specific trigger could be attributed to the changes in morphology.
Trials were performed to determine if allelopathy occurred between some species of microfungi and Limnothrix (strain AC0243), both of which are commonly recovered from the same niche. The results of these experiments suggested symbiotic or commensual relationships with Fusarium species and Acremonium species but not Cladosporium sphaerospermum. Cladosporium sphaerospermum inhibited growth of the cyanobacterium, although no allelopathy occurred, as determined by the lack of inhibition zones surrounding the colony. Allelopathy occurred when Limnothrix (strain AC0243) was grown
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with ‘self’ inoculum, suggesting a quorum sensing mediated recognition of antagonism.
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LIANG, SU-YUN, and 梁素雲. "The study on the vegetations ecology of solfataras and the physiological autecology of two indicator plants." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26406704732641904038.
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Antoniades, Dermot M. "The limnology, diatom autecology, and paleolimnology of lakes and ponds from Alert, Ellesmere Island, Isachsen, Ellef Ringnes Island, and Mould Bay, Prince Patrick Island, Canadian High Artic." 2004. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=232837&T=F.
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Ruddle, Lynne Michelle. "Ecological characterisation and effects of fire and grazing on Cyrtanthus nutans (R.A.Dyer) in North-Western Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24856.
Full textAbstract:
Cyrtanthus nutans (RA Dyer) is a KwaZulu-Natal Province near-endemic species,
classified as vulnerable in South Africa (IUCN Red Data categories). Literature
references suggest that no recent ecological research has been conducted on
Cyrtanthus nutans. Last assessed in 2007, the current study determined the
demographics and the abiotic and biotic factors that influenced the distribution and
range of Cyrtanthus nutans.
Key determinants influencing the autecology, distribution and population dynamics of
Cyrtanthus nutans were investigated. Anthropological factors influencing the decline
of populations were addressed. Two investigations were undertaken for the current
study on Cyrtanthus nutans in Dundee in North-western KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
namely a survey to determine the population dynamics and autecology of the species
and the effect key determinants have on the recruitment and survival. Sites of
occurrence and the ecological and anthropological factors that influence the existence
of plants were documented. Experimental plots were conducted to determine the
influence of climatological factors, fire and defoliation on the emergence and survival
of Cyrtanthus nutans plants.
A preference was found for soils with high nitrogen and organic carbon, low
phosphorus and acidity levels situated on slopes of < 10% on mid to lower terrain
slopes within an altitude range of between 1 100 and 1 300 m (a.m.s.l.) in the Sour
Sandveld and Moist Tall Grassveld Bioresource Groups.
The influence that climatological factors, fire and defoliation had on the emergence
and seed recruitment of Cyrtanthus nutans were determined through a small plot
experiment in the Dundee area. Mean relative humidity (%) and mean rainfall two
weeks before emergence in conjunction with treatments were highly significant
(P<0.001). Burning treatments B (fire inclusion and defoliation inclusion) and BC (fire
inclusion and defoliation exclusion) were more highly significant on the emergence of
Cyrtanthus nutans plants than any other treatments.
ii | P a g e
Increasing fragmentation of thriving populations of Cyrtanthus nutans populations is
occurring through landuse change, mismanagement of veld and non-compliance of
legislation. Continued monitoring and awareness is essential in the survival of this
species.Environmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Environmental Sciences)