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1
Vasil'ev, V. "Russia and Austria: Mutually Beneficial Cooperation and its Prospects." World Economy and International Relations, no. 10 (2014): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-10-28-36.
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The aim of this article is to explore political aspects of Russian–Austrian relations in the conditions of globalization and European integration, and the factors contributing to the advanced development of multidimensional interaction between Moscow and Vienna. The paper deals with approaches taken by the Government and the main parties in Austria to the policy in Russian direction; it also singles out the trends of the bilateral partnership widening. An important element consists in the analysis of image formation of contemporary Russia and Austria. For Austrians, the quality of Russia’s political setup and its socio-economic model is determined by the existence of a real multi-party system, competitiveness between parties in elections and objective summing up of voting returns, natural change of elites, efficiency of various sectors within economy, and the degree of effort aimed to combat corruption. Vienna is criticizing Moscow for actions, which, as seen by Austrian experts, are a violation of human rights and freedoms and constrict the opportunities for development of civil society in Russia. Analysis reveals that the political dialogue is a pragmatic foundation for diverse bilateral links. Stability and reliability of Russian–Austrian relations is confirmed by regular contacts at the top and high level, intensity of cross-sectoral consultations, building up of inter-parliamentary relations and strengthening of fruitful cooperation between regions and cities of the two countries. The trade and economic dimension of bilateral relations imply an incremental cooperation between Moscow and Vienna because Austria’s achievements in innovative, high-tech and other fields, on one hand, meet Russia’s needs in modernizing its national economy and, on the other hand, ensure the sales of Austrian export items in Russian markets as well as safeguard the continuous prosperity for citizens of the Alpine Republic. Cultural and scientific ties as a value factor in bilateral relations testify to the natural attraction of people in both countries and create favorable prerequisites for a dialogue on the issues of common European values. The Austrian experience is of major scientific and practical interest in many respects. Present-day theory and practice of Austria’s governmental and party construction point to the democratic opportunities of involving of various population sections in political competition, and a joint quest for a compromise between different regions, political forces and ethnic groups. The institution of social partnership seems useful. Rich experience of cooperation, high degree of confidence at the political level, long-lasting mutual likes between Russians and Austrians allow one to speak in terms of an unique creative potential of Moscow and Vienna that is successfully implemented in various spheres of socio-political life.
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PENNERSTORFER, ASTRID, and DIETER PENNERSTORFER. "Inequalities in Spatial Accessibility of Childcare: The Role of Non-profit Providers." Journal of Social Policy 50, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 122–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279419000990.
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AbstractEqual access to childcare services is a key concern of childcare policy. This article analyses social inequalities in the availability of such services. We explore how observed disparities are related to the socio-economic status of neighbourhoods and investigate how different provider types contribute to such differences. To do so, we use data on all childcare centres in the city of Vienna, Austria, on the spatial distribution of children aged under six and on three measures of neighbourhood status, over a period of eight years. We find that spatial accessibility is highest in neighbourhoods with the highest socio-economic status, that such inequality has increased over time and that both effects can be attributed to the role of non-profits. The results indicate that the policy change undertaken in Vienna towards increased communitarisation – that is, a shift towards non-profit provision – has undermined the universal character of the city’s childcare system.
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Metzler, Ingrid. "Imaginaries as infrastructures? The emergence of non-invasive prenatal testing in Austria." BioSocieties 15, no. 4 (October 4, 2019): 601–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41292-019-00171-7.
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Abstract Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a new technology used in prenatal testing (PT) that capitalizes on genomic platforms to transform DNA fragments in the blood of pregnant women into information about the genome of a foetus. Since its market introduction in 2011, it has travelled around the globe with remarkable speed. This article engages with the emergence of NIPT in and around Vienna, the capital city of Austria, to explore why and how this technology could travel so quickly in practice. Based on a qualitative analysis of interviews, documents, and field notes, it argues, first, that NIPT could travel so quickly because it travelled as ‘adaptable boxes’ that added on to different ‘local worlds of prenatal testing (PT)’, without disrupting them. Second, in so doing, NIPT could travel on a moral and material ground, or an ‘imaginary of PT’, built in the past. Third, the article argues that elements of this imaginary were also mobilized by commercial pioneers of NIPT, who ‘infrastructurized’ extant values, practices, and networks among biomedical professionals. Thus, various actors converged in mobilizing moral and material elements of an imaginary, transforming them into an infrastructure that facilitated the travels of NIPT, while also shaping its use.
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Jankó, Ferenc, Zsolt Bottlik, and Róbert Győri. "Vienna’s South-Eastern Hinterlands: Regional Development in the Austrian-Hungarian Border Area, 1910–2011." European Countryside 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 232–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2022-0012.
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Abstract Formed from the westernmost territories of Hungary, Burgenland became a part of Austria a hundred years ago. The aim of the paper is to answer the question of how Burgenland became integrated into the Austrian society and economy, how its regional inequalities and rural character changed in comparison to the neighbouring Austrian and Hungarian areas, under the influence of Vienna’s major role. The analysis is based on the census data of 1910, 1960/61, 2001 and 2011 and on the mapping of different social and economic indicators. Our data revealed that one hundred years ago, the northern, more prosperous area of Western Hungary was an integral part of the rural hinterland of the imperial capital, Vienna, in stark contrast to the region’s southern periphery. After World War II, however, a steep west-east gradient emerged in the borderland along the Iron Curtain, while the traditional north-south disparity continued to exist on both sides of the new border. During the political transformation in the early 1990s, and even more after Hungary’s EU accession (2004), the former hard border ceased to exist in this region, while Vienna regained its former economic importance and influence. After 1990, the patterns of regional disparities changed rapidly in Hungary, and the western part achieved a leading position within Hungary in every dimension of economic prosperity. In line with this, while the Austrian rural regions in Burgenland and between Vienna and Graz showed remarkable infrastructural progress, Southern Burgenland remained peripheral regarding economic activity.
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Nadirov, Rashid A. "The influence of the First World War on the social and economic position of Vienna in 1914–1916." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 190 (2021): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2021-26-190-235-241.
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The influence of the First World War on the social and economic position of Vienna, the capital of the dualistic Austro-Hungarian Empire in the first two years of the war, is considered. It was during these two years that there was an increase in contradictions between various social groups, which would ultimately lead to the collapse of the Empire in 1918. One of the important sources when analyzing the situation in Vienna is the weekly police reports. It is by studying the materials of police reports that a picture of wartime Vienna appears in front of us. As the problems grew, the volume of reports constantly increased, new headings appeared, which made it possible to study not only the existence of problems in the capital of Austria-Hungary, but also to trace their dynamics and the measures taken by the government of Franz Joseph. A special role is given to the food problem, in particular, the dynamics of prices, the deterioration of the quality of bread, the growing shortage, the growth of speculation. In addition, the national relations and the attitude of the Viennese towards the arriving refugees were analyzed. Based on the material studied, it was concluded that the First World War greatly changed the life of the population of Vienna, showed the inability of the government and local authorities to quickly solve the emerging problems of the city.
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Koželouhová, Anna. "Housing Policy of the City of Vienna as an Example for the Czech Republic." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 726–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.726.
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This work concentrates in its first part on the situation on the field of the social housing policy of the European Union. Subsequently, it collects and processes information about history and current state of the subsidized housing in Austrian capital Vienna, including its social, political and economic aspects. Viennese model, as a well-functioning system, is recommended as an example for the development of housing policy in the Czech Republic, especially in the city of Brno.
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Lewis, Mark. "The Failure of the Austrian and Yugoslav Police to Repress the Croatian Ustaša in Austria, 1929–1934." Austrian History Yearbook 45 (April 2014): 186–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237813000672.
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Since the 1970s, historiography about the pre-World War II phase of the Croatian Ustaša concentrated on Italian and Hungarian state support for Ante Pavelić's national-separatist/terrorist organization from approximately 1929–1934, and identified Nazi support when it became more significant in the late 1930s and put the group in charge of the Independent State of Croatia in 1941. More recent scholarship has investigated the support of Croatian exiles in the United States and Argentina for the Ustaša movement, as well as how the Ustaša regime, once in power, tried to legitimate its policies of racial “cleansing” and social revolution against capitalism and secularism. The first aim of this article is to return to the early period of the Ustaša, when it was a terrorist organization, and to show that it had an important base in Austria that senior Austrian police officials tolerated. The article, therefore, takes a somewhat different position from that of historian Arnold Suppan, who argued that the Austrian police could find no evidence that the Ustaša in Austria had been involved in terrorism, and that the Austrian government had made a good faith effort to expel Ustaša members. The fact that elements of the Austrian police indeed knew about the Ustaša network and protected certain senior members supports historian Gerhard Jagschitz's argument that the Vienna police had not turned over a new leaf in the postwar period and had not shed all political activities. However, Jagschitz concentrated on the problems surrounding the establishment of a domestic intelligence agency in the 1920s, showing how it ultimately was not effective. This article concentrates on 1929–1934, demonstrating that while the Austrian political police was not all-knowing, certain decisions not to share what it knew about ultra-nationalist Croatian terrorism damaged the Austrian police's international reputation. Second, this article argues that the Yugoslav police possibly turned to shadowy extra-judicial groups to carry out assassinations against Ustaša figures, in part because the Austrian police were not aggressive enough in repressing the organization. This adds an additional factor to the interpretations of historians James Sadkovich and Mario Jareb, who contend that Yugoslav police violence was an extension of the Serbian dictatorship's attempt to repress Croatian nationalism by any means necessary.
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Sidorenko, Alexandre, and Asghar Zaidi. "International Policy Frameworks on Ageing: Assessing Progress in Reference to the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing." Journal of Social Policy Studies 16, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/727-0634-2018-16-1-141-154.
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Alexandre Sidorenko – Senior Advisor, European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research, Vienna, Austria. Email: sidorenko.alexandre@gmail.com
Asghar Zaidi – Professor in International Social Policy, University of Southampton, UK. Email: Asghar.Zaidi@soton.ac.uk
The central goal of this article is to review progress made in implementing the international policy frameworks on ageing, focusing on the Vienna International Plan of Action on Ageing (VIPAA) and in more detail on the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA). The article offers a critical examination of the current approaches to monitoring and assessing the implementation process, outlining promising avenues for the future. In this way, the limitations of the current procedures for following the policy priorities of the MIPAA can be highlighted. What is found is that progress in many countries is hampered by inherent subjectivity in assessing and reporting advancement, lack of continuity and consistency, and difficulties in comparing the national level progress with international development in the same areas. The current year, 2017 / 2018, is momentous as we reach the end of the third five-year implementation cycle of the MIPAA. Introspection now should not merely focus on assessing the progress made but also on how the implementation of the MIPAA could be strengthened. In the same spirit, the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development Goals presents new opportunities; especially its pledges 'Leave no one behind' and 'Reach the furthest behind first', which imply that the older population can serve as agents of development. In moving forward, an essential requirement will have to be the establishment of an internationally acceptable set of indicators, which can be employed for assessing national progress in addressing the challenges and opportunities of ageing and monitoring the international efforts to implement international policy frameworks like the MIPAA. Along the lines of the dashboard of indicators used in the Active Ageing Index 'AAI', there should be a MIPAA monitoring toolkit with different layers of indicators, which are aligned with the three priority directions of the MIPAA.
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Paidakaki, Angeliki, and Richard Lang. "Uncovering Social Sustainability in Housing Systems through the Lens of Institutional Capital: A Study of Two Housing Alliances in Vienna, Austria." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 9726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179726.
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This paper analyzes social sustainability in the context of urban housing through the lens of institutional capital. It examines how civil society housing actors co-construct bottom-linked governance arrangements by interacting endogenously with peers and exogenously with institutional actors, such as public housing agencies and elected officials, in order to steer, as housing alliances, socially sustainable residential developments. The paper thus offers an answer to the following two research questions: (1) What are internal governance features that characterize such civil society housing alliances? (2) What are their strategies of interaction with institutional actors in order to promote social sustainability and thus counter exclusionary patterns in urban housing systems? Empirical evidences are drawn from two civil society housing alliances in Austria, ‘BAWO’ (a national alliance of homelessness NGOs) and the ‘Initiative Collaborative Building & Living’. During three research stays in Vienna between 2014 and 2020, data was collected through semi-structured interviews and focus groups with leaders and members of housing alliances, interviews with key institutional stakeholders and web research. By reflecting on the institutional and relational character of the two housing alliances and digging out their potential and limitations in promoting different elements of social sustainability, our paper concludes that social sustainability in housing systems can be realized when it is set as a societal ambition sufficiently politicized by major parties involved in housing systems (housing alliances, governmental authorities of all ideological backgrounds, large non-profit housing developers) that collectively guarantee housing affordability and socio-spatial equity for all.
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Boczy, Tatjana, Ruggero Cefalo, Andrea Parma, and Rikke Skovgaard Nielsen. "Positioning the Urban in the Global Knowledge Economy: Increasing Competitiveness or Inequality." Social Inclusion 8, no. 4 (December 3, 2020): 194–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i4.3332.
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Major cities are increasingly focused on being competitive on an international scale, developing innovative service sectors and investing in human capital. This has contributed to reshaping local socio-economic systems towards a knowledge economy by strategically fostering key business clusters. But what happens in terms of social inequality in this process? The purpose of this article is to analyse whether issues regarding challenges of social inequality and polarisation are considered in the strategies of urban centres positioning themselves in the global knowledge economy. This leads to a discussion about how the cities’ strategies address potentially growing inequalities, combining goals of competitiveness, internationalisation and social inclusion. The article builds on case studies from Milan in Italy, Vienna in Austria and Aarhus in Denmark. The three cities are all drivers of growth in their respective regions and countries and are embedded in different national welfare regimes. At the same time, they display internal spatial differentiation in that the municipality covers areas of growth and affluence as well as deprivation. In the article, we combine analysis of policy documents and interviews with governance, business and community actors from the three locations. Our results show that the association between competitiveness and integration is shaped through specific state-city relationships, highlighting both the importance of the welfare framework and the specific urban policy tradition.
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Hromakova, Nataliia. "Polish socio-political movement in the Ukrainian lands: Regional specifics." History Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, no. 54 (December 15, 2021): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/hj2021.54.6-16.
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The research focuses on a comprehensive study of the regional specifics of the Polish socio-political movement in the Ukrainian lands during the «long» 19th century. The distribution of lands of the former Commonwealth between Austria, Russia and Prussia according to the decisions of the Congress of Vienna in 1815 began a new page in the history of the struggle of Poles for the revival of their own statehood. The policy of St. Petersburg, Vienna or Berlin on Polish citizens influenced on the level of consolidation of Poles, determined the organizational forms and program requirements, regional features of their activities. This affected both tactical goals and readiness for radical methods of struggle (uprisings, conspiracies, etc.), and also led to the daily practices of the Polish community, which ranged from latent opposition to the assimilation of a dual identity.It should be emphasized that the potential opportunities for social activity of Poles in Ukraine were determined by the role assigned to these territories in state-building projects and mental mapping of the Austrian or Russian establishment. For the monarchy of the Habsburgs, the territories of Eastern Galicia throughout the 19th century remained a periphery that had elements of independence for ease of management, and Vienna’s government officials recognized Polish dominance in the region. This, in turn, created a favourable environment for the development of public activities, the creation of various cultural and social centres and in general the cultivation of Polish identity.Instead, the status of the Poles of the Right Bank of Ukraine was transformed during the nineteenth century from flirting with the Polish elite of the region to the policy of final incorporation and integration, which made virtually any attempt at their public activity impossible. The authorities' efforts were aimed at eradicating Polish influence in the South-Western Territory, according to the ideas about the historical core of the Russian national-state project.Thus, being part of various state systems with different imperial strategies led to the regionalization of the movement hampered the finalization of the Polish project and the consolidation of the Poles into a single modern nation.
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Velte, Patrick. "Women on management board and ESG performance." Journal of Global Responsibility 7, no. 1 (May 9, 2016): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgr-01-2016-0001.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse women on management board and their impact on environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance in two European two-tier countries. Design/methodology/approach The empirical quantitative paper covers a sample of German and Austrian companies which are listed at the Prime Standard of the Frankfurt and Vienna Stock Exchange for the business years 2010-2014 (1,019 firm-year observations). A correlation and regression analysis is conducted to measure a possible link between gender diversity and ESG performance in these European countries. Findings Multiple regressions state that female members in the management board do have a positive impact on ESG performance, measured by the AssetFour database by Thomson Reuters. Surprisingly, CSR expertise does not have a significant impact on ESG performance, whether the implementation of a CSR committee has a positive and significant link with ESG performance. Originality/value The analysis is the first empirical study that has a focus on Germany and Austria as the main representatives of the European two-tier system. Findings have implications for both users and public policy and suggest that current national and European regulations on corporate governance and CSR could have a great impact on future CSR performance and market reactions.
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Bezeljak, Petra, Martin Scheuch, and Gregor Torkar. "Understanding of Sustainability and Education for Sustainable Development among Pre-Service Biology Teachers." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 25, 2020): 6892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176892.
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Sustainable development (SD) is one of the global and central aims of today’s politics. As stated in Agenda 21, education must play an essential role in achieving a sustainable society. The present research is focused on Slovenian and Austrian biology teacher students’ understanding of SD and education for sustainable development (ESD). The research was carried out at the University of Ljubljana and the University of Vienna. Altogether, 60 Slovenian and 60 Austrian pre-service biology teachers participated in the questionnaire-based study. Pre-service biology teachers answered a set of Likert-type and open survey questions. Less than half of the pre-service biology teachers from Slovenia and Austria had a good understanding of the environmental aspects of SD, but they lack understanding of the interconnections between the environmental, economic and social dimensions related to SD. They describe and connect ESD with environmental education and environmental awareness. Students from both countries know some pedagogical principles of ESD, such as active learning and transformative education. Analysis with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in focus showed that only some of them were mentioned by the teacher students. The results of the research contribute to the evaluation and development of curriculum for middle and high school biology teachers.
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Khavanova, Olga V. "First grammar books in the Habsburg Monarchy: individual initiative and regulatory interference by the state (1760s–1770s)." Central-European Studies 2019, no. 2 (11) (2020): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2619-0877.2019.2.6.
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The second half of the eighteenth century in the lands under the sceptre of the House of Austria was a period of development of a language policy addressing the ethno-linguistic diversity of the monarchy’s subjects. On the one hand, the sphere of use of the German language was becoming wider, embracing more and more segments of administration, education, and culture. On the other hand, the authorities were perfectly aware of the fact that communication in the languages and vernaculars of the nationalities living in the Austrian Monarchy was one of the principal instruments of spreading decrees and announcements from the central and local authorities to the less-educated strata of the population. Consequently, a large-scale reform of primary education was launched, aimed at making the whole population literate, regardless of social status, nationality (mother tongue), or confession. In parallel with the centrally coordinated state policy of education and language-use, subjects-both language experts and amateur polyglots-joined the process of writing grammar books, which were intended to ease communication between the different nationalities of the Habsburg lands. This article considers some examples of such editions with primary attention given to the correlation between private initiative and governmental policies, mechanisms of verifying the textbooks to be published, their content, and their potential readers. This paper demonstrates that for grammar-book authors, it was very important to be integrated into the patronage networks at the court and in administrative bodies and stresses that the Vienna court controlled the process of selection and financing of grammar books to be published depending on their quality and ability to satisfy the aims and goals of state policy.
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Gyamfi, Gerald Dapaah. "Exploring the Roles of Police Leaders in Countries in Transition." International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 9, no. 4 (October 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrcm.2020100101.
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Countries in transition face a risk due to dramatic changes in political, social, and economic circumstances. The changes usually result in high levels of crime and violence, especially during a regime change. This article explores the roles of police leaders in countries in transition in mitigating the risk of perceived crime. The study used data captured from 12 police leaders from different parts of the world attending an international police executive symposium held at United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime at Vienna, Austria. The participants agreed to the use of qualitative semi-structured telephone interview, recorded and translated for the study. The author used member-checking to improve the reliability of the study. The study was reinforced using archival materials for triangulation. The outcome of the study disclosed that during transitions of countries police leaders play the roles of maintaining law and order, ensuring peace and justice, intelligence gathering, accountability, and effective communication using emerging technologies.
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Klimek, Milena, Jim Bingen, Bernhard Freyer, and Rebecca Paxton. "From Schnitzel to Sustainability: Shifting Values at Vienna’s Urban Farmers Markets." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 26, 2021): 8327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158327.
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This paper presents an empirically grounded investigation of the values and practices of farmers markets (FM) in Vienna, Austria and their linkages to wider alternative food practices of ecological, social and economic sustainability. If the FMs are to play a vibrant role in the Viennese alternative food system, enhancing urban–rural connections and urban resilience, they must re–align their values to this system. A values-based conceptual framework is used to examine the structures and functions of six Viennese FMs and the alignment of values and practices among FM managers, farmers/vendors and consumers. Data from qualitative interviews, participant observation and dot surveys were collected at each FM. Value alignment is discovered as necessary to support and perpetuate alternative values. Governance is found to be significant for aligning values related to FM sustainability. Current structures and functions of Viennese FMs cannot be easily aligned with participant values and practices. As one of the first examinations of Viennese FMs, this work illustrates concrete challenges, priorities and emphasizes the role that governance and social organizing plays in successful markets as contributors towards sustainable urban food systems. Lessons learned can be applied to municipal FMs and other food system actors that face similar challenges.
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Nosov, Boris V., and Lyudmila P. Marney. "The regional policy of the Russian Empire in the first half of the 19th century: The Kingdom of Poland (1815–1830)." Slavic Almanac, no. 3-4 (2020): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2020.3-4.1.05.
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The article is devoted to the problems of the regional policy of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 19th century discussed in the latest Russian historiography, to the peculiarities of the state-legal status and administrative practice of the Kingdom of Poland. It was the time when basic principles and a special structure of management at the outlying regions of the empire were developed, and when special (historical, national, and cultural) regions were formed on the periphery of the Empire. The policy of the Russian government in relation to the Kingdom of Poland depended both on the fundamental trends in the international relations in Central and Eastern Europe (as reflected in international treaties), as well as on the internal political development of the empire, and the peculiarities of political, legal, social, economic, cultural processes in the Kingdom and on Polish lands in Austria and Prussia. All these aspects have an impact on the debate that historians and legal experts are conducting on the state and legal status of parts of the lands of the former Principality of Warsaw that were included in the Russian Empire in 1815 by the decision of the Congress of Vienna. The fundamental political principles of the Russian Empire in the Kingdom of Poland in the first half of the 19th century were a combination of autocracy (with individual elements of enlightened absolutism), based on centralized bureaucratic control, and relatively decentralized political, administrative and estate structures, which assumed the presence of local self-government.
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Horbec, Ivana. "Multilingualism in the Croatian lands under the sceptre of the Habsburgs in the eighteenth century." Central-European Studies 2019, no. 2 (11) (2020): 107–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2619-0877.2019.2.5.
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The paper examines the role of multilingualism in Croatian lands under the Habsburg rule during the 18th century. The focus of the research is set on Croatian-Slavonian nobility and other local elites (clergy, officers, physicians, engineers, etc.) as part of the society susceptible to the influence of the educational norms and linguistic policies set by the Habsburg authorities. It provides an insight into the language skills of the 18th-century Croatian society, the impact of educational policy on the language learning and the importance of language choices for social or political representation. It is argued that the culture of the educated, mostly politically active part of the Croatian society remained intensely multilingual until deep into the 19th century due to the specificity of language practices, and that the educational policy of the Court in Vienna contributed more to the affirmation of the national language than did the activity of the Croatian elites. The research is based on archival sources kept in Croatian, Hungarian and Austrian state archives and selected contemporary records (correspondence, memoirs, and publications).
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Disterheft, Antje, Denis Pijetlovic, and Georg Müller-Christ. "On the Road of Discovery with Systemic Exploratory Constellations: Potentials of Online Constellation Exercises about Sustainability Transitions." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (May 1, 2021): 5101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095101.
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Sustainability transitions are shaped by specific dynamics, dependencies, and influences among the actors and elements that are part of the system. Systemic constellations as a social science research method can offer tangible visualizations of such system dynamics and thereby extract valuable, often hidden knowledge for research. This article builds on two online exploratory system constellation exercises about sustainability transitions, with two major objectives: (i) to introduce and disseminate (exploratory) systemic constellations as a method for (sustainability) research, and (ii) to extract their potential for (online) collaborative and transdisciplinary research, with a focus on sustainability transitions. Our exploratory research design includes participatory action research that took place during the virtual International Sustainability Transitions Conference 2020, Vienna, Austria. Data were analyzed following an interpretative-hermeneutic approach. The main findings consist of visualizations about sustainability transition dynamics between selected actors in Germany and Portugal that are discussed in light of the literature on constellation work and sustainability transitions, triggering new assumptions: (i) a strong sustainability narrative does not (necessarily) lead to action and transformation and (ii) transformation requires integrating narratives beyond weak and strong sustainability. We conclude with a list of potentials of exploratory constellations for sustainability research and online formats that offer novelties such as a constant bird-eye perspective on the system while simultaneously engaging with the system.
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Peshkin, Vitalii Mikhailovich. "Problems in the Relations of the Visegrad Group States with the European Union in 2014-2022." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 2 (February 2023): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2023.2.39783.
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The subject of the study is the historical conditions in which the disloyal attitude of the Visegrad Group towards the solutions proposed by the EU began to grow during the specified period of time. The analysis of the migration crisis, which has aggravated political, economic, financial, social, and religious problems in the EU countries, is carried out. The EU's efforts to overcome it have become the basis for strengthening the role of right-wing parties in the Quartet. The role of Hungary, which represents itself as a defender of "Europe as a continent for Europeans", which has pursued the most active restrictive migration policy, is considered. The plans of the leadership of Germany and Austria for the management of migration flows, reflecting the ambitions of Berlin and Vienna for the transit and reception of refugees, are presented. The "central" line of Brussels on overcoming the migration crisis is being studied. The tools used by V4 to overcome the migration crisis caused by the vulnerability of the Quartet countries to refugee flows are considered. The article also examines criticism from the "quartet" of the process of overcoming the migration crisis, which saw in the measures proposed by Brussels a threat to the national identity of its small states and a sign of disrespect for the interests of small states in the EU. In general, the migration crisis has resulted in the strengthening of far-right parties in Hungary and Poland, the radicalization of public opinion, which contradicts the main goals of European integration. Thus, the internal political development in some countries of the "Visegrad Four" has actually become a new noticeable element of confrontation with the European Union. Hungary and Poland reacted extremely painfully to criticism of the EU, appealing for support to partners in the Visegrad Group, to other countries where right-wing and conservative parties are also popular (Italy, Austria). As a counteraction, the EU leadership raised the issue of a threat to EU values in Poland and Hungary and considered the possibility of using a mechanism to influence countries that do not respect the values of the European Union.
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Bechtold, Ulrike, Natalie Stauder, and Martin Fieder. "Let’s Walk It: Mobility and the Perceived Quality of Life in Older Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (November 2, 2021): 11515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111515.
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European policy and the research and development landscape put forward a number of arguments in favor of implementing “Active Assisted Living” (AAL) for older adults: it will improve older adults’ quality of life, allow them to age in place, and keep costs for an ageing society down by exploiting new technology markets. The idea is that older adults who are supported by AAL and make use of assistive technologies will enjoy more freedom, autonomy, and mobility and also improved social integration and better communication. Yet, despite a history of more than 10 years of European research and development, the use of AAL applications is not as widespread as expected. To examine older adults’ attitudes to assistive technologies, we conducted a study in Vienna (Austria) between 2018 and 2020 questioning 245 older adults aged 61–93 years (M = 74.27 SD = 6.654) who lived at their private homes and had different support needs (ranging from “no support” to “everyday visit of social and/or care organizations”). The three goals of the study encompassed: (1) examination of their quality of life, (2) their attitudes and use of assistive technologies, and (3) the way they perceive their own and others’ life-course and getting older. AAL as a concept links “ageing in place” and “quality of life”. However, “mobility” is also of major importance here. In this paper, we aim to investigate the relation between the independent variables “Quality of life” and “Mobility” and their possible associations with the following dependent variables: cohabitation, social integration, self-rated health, sportive activities, locomotion, home well-being and safety, physical limitations, falls, and self-perception of their own ageing (compared to others). We calculated multivariate models regressing on these explaining and confounding variables. We found a positive correlation between mobility and quality of life. In detail, our results show a significant positive association between QOL and mobility regarding self-rated health and self-perception. Experiencing vertigo, walking difficulties, and balance problems significantly and negatively influence self-rated health and self-perception compared to others. Our findings can also be read as a clear message that there is a need to improve both health and the culture of ageing and to facilitate positive attitudes toward ageing as an efficient way to enhance the Quality of life of older adults.
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Averyanova, Ekaterina A. "The Komsomol of Mordovia held festivals of youth and students in the second half of the 1950s." Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education 20, no. 2 (August 20, 2020): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.050.020.202002.162-173.
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Introduction. Festival forms of socio-cultural behavior, as an algorithm for displaying agitation, educational, and entertainment functions during mass events, have recently become the object of study. The need for scientific generalization creates an environment of mutual understanding to strengthen intercultural dialogue, have highlighted the attention to historical experience of such cross-cultural events, for analysis of strategies and mechanisms of translation of information and forms of behavior to create understanding in society and among the participants, promoting a positive image of the country. The subject of the study was the methods of youth mobilization used by the Komsomol in the Mordovian ASSR, during the VI (Moscow, July 28 – August 11, 1957; 3,400 participants; 131 countries; the motto “For peace and friendship”) and VII (Austria, Vienna; 18,000 participants; 112 countries; motto “For peace, friendship and peaceful coexistence”) of the World youth and student festivals (WFMS). Materials and Methods. Materials from the archives of the Republic of Mordovia, statistical data, as well as scientific literature were used to solve the research tasks. The research was conducted on the principle of historicism, objectivity and consistency. The statistical method was used for data processing. Results. Based on the study of archival sources and available scientific literature were the main problems of the festival movement, as well as the participation of Mordovia Komsomol festivals of youth and students in the second half of 1950-ies. Against the background of increasing participation of the Komsomol in the festival movement, the processes of self-organization and innovative activity of Komsomol organizations in conducting youth policy are shown. Discussion and Conclusion. As you know, such festivals have been held since 1947. They are organized by the world Federation of democratic youth (WFDY) and the International Union of students (IUS). The decision to create the WFDY and hold festivals was made at the world conference of youth and students in London in 1945. The tradition of holding irregular festivals of left-wing youth organizations is still attractive in modern youth politics. The XIX festival was held in Russia (Moscow/Sochi; October 14–22, 2017, 185 countries, the motto “For peace, solidarity and social justice, we fight against imperialism-respecting the past, we build the future”. VI world festival of youth and students 1957 (Moscow), still perceived as a unique event for the Soviet Union in the framework of international cultural policy during the cold war. In the article, through the activities of the Komsomol of Mordovia, an attempt is made to consider the goals and objectives of the VI and VII world festival of youth and students, in the context of the youth festival policy in the Soviet Union. As it is known, in the 1950s, the festival movement was organized in the format of traditional political, social and cultural events for the Soviet society. However, it should be taken into account that during their implementation, new forms of communication, methods of mobilization, and broadcasting of information were also born to create mutual understanding among young people.
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Vásáry, Viktória. "Assessing Rural Development Policies of the Common Agricultural Policy." Acta Oeconomica 54, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.54.2004.4.4.
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Kirchengast, Sylvia, and Edith Schober. "Obesity among male adolescent migrants in Vienna, Austria." Economics & Human Biology 6, no. 2 (July 2008): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2007.11.001.
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Privara, Andrej. "Determinants of Migration Decisions of Asylum Seekers in Vienna." Migration Letters 19, no. 2 (March 7, 2022): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v19i2.1640.
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This study analyses the issues that refugees and asylum seekers face in Austria and the effects of their concentration in Vienna. We present an assessment of main difficulties and root causes for asylum seekers in Vienna. Data was collected via personal interviews and also supported by regional and European statistics. In total, 12 interviews with municipality representatives, NGOs, and migrants were conducted. Firstly, our study showed, that the asylum seekers face difficulties integrating into the Austrian labor market. Most refugee children do not have access to the compulsory education. It is argued that a more inclusive policy would improve the labor market efficiency in Austria. The anti-immigrant sentiment in Vienna played a crucial role in creating difficulties faced by migrants in the process of integration. Those who have been granted asylum in Vienna are not interested in moving to another country. This tendency is driven by the following factors: They consider Austria a safe country; they have already learned the language; they are overall satisfied.
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Glebova, Natalya, and Michael Klamer. "Red Vienna. 1919–1934." проект байкал 18, no. 68 (August 8, 2021): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51461/projectbaikal.68.1797.
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The political events and global socio-economic reforms carried out by social democrats in the early 20th century, expansion of the capital of Austria and the inflow of the working class caused the building of a “garden city” with rich infrastructure, parks and available and comfortable dwelling. The skills of advanced Austrian architects, ideological meaning together with economic forces, spatial concept and socialist slogans gave birth to a new architectural identity.
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Kostenko, Yurii. "Ukrainians in Austria." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XIX (2018): 767–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-48.
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Many Austrian citizens of Ukrainian origin actively helped diplomats of the young Ukraine to take the first steps in the development of bilateral relations with the Republic of Austria. The social and cultural life of Austrians of Ukrainian origin in the late 20 and early 21 centuries was concentrated around the Greek Catholic Church of St. Barbara in Vienna. With the restoration of Ukraine’s independence, their leading associations, in particular the Austrian Union of Ukrainian Philatelists, were reformatted, and the Ukrainian-Austrian Association was created, which implemented many interesting projects. A significant contribution to the dissemination of positive information about Ukraine in the world was made by the magazines of these associations: “Visti SUFA”, “Austrian-Ukrainian review”, “KyiViden”. In the Austrian capital during these years fruitfully worked outstanding cultural figures: composer and choirmaster A. Hnatyshyn, master of artistic embroidery K. Kolotylo, artists Kh. Kurytsia-Tsimmerman, L. Mudretskyi. During nearly one and a half century, starting from 1772, a great part of the western Ukraine – firstly Galicia and then Bukovyna – formed part of the Austrian Monarchy. Interests of Ukrainians of these Crown Lands were represented in the Austrian Parliament – the Reichsrat − by the so-called “ruthen” parliamentarians, among which was Mykola Vasylko, the first Ambassador of Ukraine to Vienna in the early 20 century. Many talented Ukrainian youth studied at Austrian universities. Prominent figures of national culture visited Vienna for a long time, including Lesia Ukrainka, Mykhailo Drahomanov and Ivan Franko. There were also many student- and labour societies. The independence of the Ukrainian state opened new horizons for cooperation between philatelists of the two countries, in particular, the exchange of philatelic material – new stamps, envelopes, etc. Keywords: Diaspora, Austria, philately, culture, art.
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Kohlbacher, Josef. "Frustrating Beginnings: How Social Ties Compensate Housing Integration Barriers for Afghan Refugees in Vienna." Urban Planning 5, no. 3 (July 28, 2020): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i3.2872.
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In this article, we present findings from a recent (2017–2018) qualitative survey on the integration of Afghan refugees in Vienna. Vienna is by far the largest city in Austria with a diversified labour and housing market and a multi-faceted (migrant) economy. It doubtlessly is the most attractive ‘arrival city’ in Austria. Moreover, Vienna has received the bulk of refugees during the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ of 2015–2016 and before. The analysis will focus on Ager and Strang’s (2008) argument, which characterizes housing as a core domain in integration. Housing constitutes a potential means of supporting integration into domains other than the labour market. In the process of housing integration, researchers (Aigner, 2018; Borevi & Bengtsson, 2015) have emphasized the relevance of refugees’ social ties with family and co-ethnic groups, whereas the importance of inter-ethnic networking with members of the receiving society remains insufficiently explored. The majority of the 65 interviewees had emphasized the importance of refugees’ social ties for their efforts towards structural integration. This analysis therefore aims at describing Afghans’ challenging access paths into the local housing market, and the outstanding compensatory relevance of social ties in this process. Thus, we can identify special constraints (e.g., ‘Afghanophobia,’ exploitative conditions) and coping strategies of this under-researched ‘newcomer’ group of refugees in Austria.
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Holzner, Mario, and Michael Huberman. "Red Vienna: A Social Housing Experiment, 1923–1933." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 53, no. 1 (2022): 49–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01798.
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Abstract The moderating effects of World War I on wealth and income inequality varied with the belligerents. In Austria, the state embraced austerity measures to eliminate hyperinflation and respect commitments to the League of Nations. To fill the void, the Social Democratic Workers’ Party (sdap) turned to its political stronghold in Vienna to advance its agenda of social spending and progressive taxation—Red Vienna’s signature program. The use of an electoral-cycle model finds that the construction of new buildings increased the party’s share of votes in municipal elections. The program mobilized support of young families in search of affordable and quality housing, also attracting the endorsement of the middle classes and elites, despite the higher tax burden imposed on them. The physical attributes of the new buildings and related investments, such as in schools, hospitals, and city infrastructure, benefited the entire population of Vienna.
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Matznetter, Walter. "What kind of privatization? The case of social housing in Vienna, Austria." Netherlands Journal of Housing and Environmental Research 5, no. 2 (June 1990): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02506088.
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H�rl, Josef. "Looking back to caregiving:Findings from case studies in Vienna, Austria." Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 4, no. 3 (July 1989): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00119708.
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Kravitt, Edward F. "Mahler, Victim of the ‘New’ Anti-Semitism." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 127, no. 1 (2002): 72–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrma/127.1.72.
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An abyss separates the research of Mahler from that of social historians on anti-Semitism in fin-de-siècle Austria and Germany. Mahler specialists tend to study the assaults he endured in terms of the centuries-old intolerance. Social historians, however, have pursued a different tack. They trace the liberal thought of the mid-nineteenth century, the legal emancipation of the Jews and its aftermath to the rise of ‘new’ anti-Semitism in the 1870s, centred in Vienna. The reasons why Mahler resigned as director of the Vienna Court Opera involve many more factors and subtleties, even concerning the expression of anti-Semitism. It is on these elements that this article attempts to shed light.
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Etzersdorfer, E., L. Vijayakumar, W. Schöny, A. Grausgruber, and G. Sonneck. "Attitudes towards suicide among medical students: comparison between Madras (India) and Vienna (Austria)." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 33, no. 3 (February 25, 1998): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001270050029.
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Semenko, Vitalii. "The Rise of the Far-Right Austrian Freedom Party (AFP) in 2015 Local Elections." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 35-36 (December 20, 2017): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2017.35-36.295-304.
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The article deals with the peculiarities of the local elections in the Republic of Austria in 2015 to Landtag of federal states Styria, Burgenland, Upper Austria and Vienna, as well as the main reasons for the success of far-right political party AFP, headed Heinz Christian Strache. The results of the local elections, where political parties have overcome the 4 percent barrier are in details analyzed. The main conclusions of well-known domestic and foreign political scientists and experts are thoroughly characterized,evaluating the reasons for supporting far-right political parties in the European countries, in particular in Austria, which have received considerable support in the elections to the Landtag. Furthermore, being induced by the public in terms of the migration policy of the European Union, this is not capable to solve the problem of refugees who are unwilling to integrate into the European society.
Keywords: Far-rightpolitical party, local elections, electoral system, political leader, refugees, migration policy
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Schmitt, Oliver Jens. "„Balkan-Wien“ – Versuch einer Verflechtungsgeschichte der politischen Emigration aus den Balkanländern im Wien der Zwischenkriegszeit (1918–1934) / “Balkan Vienna” – Reflections on an Histoire croisée of Political Emigration from the Balkans to Vienna during the Interwar Period (1918–1934)." Südost-Forschungen 73, no. 1 (August 8, 2014): 268–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sofo-2014-0112.
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Abstract This paper follows “Balkan Vienna”, a media phenomenon as well as a media construct created both by the Viennese press and from the perspective of the Balkans themselves. The decline of the once brilliant capital of the great empire into a hotbed of revolutionaries and terrorists was recorded in Belgrade with scorn and fear. In Vienna, the press addressed these events in terms that sought to distance the capital from the southeast. However, at the same time the Viennese press admired the political activists from the Balkans, exoticising them as heroes. Thus, the press externalised Austrian domestic contradictions through their discussions of Balkan politics. By reporting scandal and sleaze, the press perpetuated the image of Vienna as a refuge for revolutionary activities and “typical Balkan” violence. “Balkan Vienna” is thus a social and political place, one of local, national, transnational, Balkanic and European linkages. As such, it is part of a new discourse, which relocates the internal and external view of Vienna and Austria on the mental map of Europe.
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Garczewski, Krzysztof. "Miejsce i rola Federacji Rosyjskiej w austriackiej „polityce wschodniej”." Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki, no. 26 (September 28, 2018): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2018.26.01.
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The article analyses the attitude of the Republic of Austria towards the Russian Federation in the context of the contemporary ‘eastern policy’ pursued by this central European state. It focuses on events following Russia’s annexation of Crimea and the outbreak of war in eastern Ukraine in 2014. In recent years, Vienna has tried to play the role of an intermediary in talks between Moscow and Kiev. Despite the confrontational attitude of Russia in eastern Europe, the Austrian government undertook a number of activities to further deepen relations with Russia, considering mainly economic issues. However, these actions have contributed to the weakening of the European Union’s common foreign and security policy. The article also draws attention to the positions of the main political parties towards Russia, primarily in the context of the elections to the National Council, which took place in October 2017. The author also indicates the controversial activities of members of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), who formed a government coalition at federal level with politicians from the Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP), which was also important in the context of the relationship between Vienna and Moscow. He shows the most important differences and similarities between the Austrian and German ‘eastern policies’.
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Berner, P. "The rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients in Austria." European Psychiatry 11, S2 (1996): 105s—108s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-9338(96)84753-5.
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SummaryThe foundation of a rehabilitation center for schizophrenics annexed to the Psychiatric University Clinic of Vienna in 1963 initiated a systematic readaptation strategy for these patients all over Austria. The main task of these rehabilitation units is to evaluate the working and social capacities after acute illness episodes, to motivate the patient to accept professional activities and living conditions adapted to their health state through reinforcement of special competences, to replace inadequate attribution and coping styles by appropriate behavior patterns and to enhance compliance for necessary drug treatment. During the rehabilitation period the families are systematically prepared to live with the patients. In accordance with the obtained level of rehabilitation the patients are then either reintegrated into their family and/or normal professional conditions or placed in special settings (homes, sheltered workshops). A long-term followup is assured.
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Perica, Ivana. "Hybridity: Discussing Rancière with Austro-Marxism." Maska 32, no. 185 (September 1, 2017): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/maska.32.185-186.122_1.
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The paper draws on possibilities of applying Rancière’s views to the poetics and politics of ‘Red Vienna’, that is, to the cultural and educational policies developed by the Social Democratic Workers’ Party of Austria (SDAP), which in the 1920s supported aesthetic policies structurally related to Rancière’s own conceptions of art and aesthetic revolution. The aim of the paper is to discuss Rancière’s understanding of aesthetic revolution in the light of the historical achievements and impasses of the Viennese social democratic politics.
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Seidler, Yuki, Sonja Novak-Zezula, and Ursula Trummer. "‘Falling off the radar’ of public health: The case of uninsured Chinese patients in Vienna, Austria." Health Policy 123, no. 9 (September 2019): 840–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.04.002.
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Arnberger, Arne, Ingrid E. Schneider, Renate Eder, and Ami Choi. "Differences in urban forest visitor preferences for emerald ash borer-impacted areas." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 93, no. 2 (December 28, 2019): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpz072.
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Abstract Emerald ash borer (EAB), an invasive forest insect from Asia, has impacted vast areas in the United States and European Russia. To proactively understand the social impact of an EAB invasion in Europe and the USA, this study analyzed visitors’ preferences and preference heterogeneity for EAB-impacted forest scenarios in Vienna, Austria (n = 510) and Minneapolis, USA (n = 307). An image-based discrete choice experiment with latent-class analysis among on-site completed questionnaires in Vienna indicated four different visitor segments based on trade-offs among biophysical, social and viewscape elements. Within the forested environment, two segments placed greater importance on (bio)physical attributes and two on social aspects. Although all segments preferred a non-impacted ash forest, only one of the four identified the attribute describing EAB impacts and forest management as the most important attribute. Rather, visitor numbers and background viewscapes were more important than EAB impact and management to differentiate landscape preferences for three of the four segments. Differences in preferences were found between the Vienna and Minneapolis samples. Vienna respondents showed a higher preference for more natural conditions, disliked more the initial stage of EAB impact and placed more importance on background viewscapes and visitor numbers. Forest managers and greenspace planners need to consider the entirety of the forested condition, social and visual, for effective management and address that visitors differ in their preferences for all of these conditions.
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Bowman, William D. "Religious Associations and the Formation of Political Catholicism in Vienna, 1848 to the 1870s." Austrian History Yearbook 27 (January 1996): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800005828.
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One of theironies of the Revolution of 1848 in Austria is that one of the most attacked institutions, the Roman Catholic Church, was able to draw the most benefit from the revolutionary upheaval. By the time Cardinal-Archbishop Eduard Milde returned to his palace in the Wollzeile from his safe mountain retreat, the dreadedKatzenmusik(mock serenading) had died down and it was clear that real social reform, not to speak of social revolution, was dead as well. Along the way, however, Catholic agitators, including Catholic priests, had learned how to use the revolution to further their own purposes.
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Zecha, Wolfgang. "Austrian Security Policy Documents – a Walk on a Tightrope between Neutrality and International Solidarity." Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2015.4.6.
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After achieving the Vienna State Treaty, Austria had to develop its security policy missing fundamental documents. The first main document was the constitutional law on neutrality, which was passed by the Austrian parliament on 26th October, 1955. Even before that, the Austrian defence law was approved on 5th September, 1955. Although Austria promised in the Moscow Memorandum to pursue a neutrality policy like Switzerland, the Austrian policy left this line by becoming a member of the UN in 1955. So the Austrian security policy started to walk a tightrope between neutrality and international solidarity because of her UN membership and membership in other organisations like EU or NATO Partnership for Peace (PfP) later on. This essay emphasizes the steps of amendments, which were made in the Austrian constitution and her policy during almost 60 years with respect to international security policy and Austrian participation in international operations. The aim of this essay is to point out the new understanding of international solidarity of “neutral” Austrian policy.But it is necessary to stress the main points of neutrality and what that meant in international security policy from a legal point of view.
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Franz, Barbara. "Immigrant Youth, hip-hop, and Feminist Pedagogy: Outlines of an Alternative Integration Policy in Vienna, Austria." International Studies Perspectives 13, no. 3 (August 2012): 270–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-3585.2012.00484.x.
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Breuer, Ludwig Maximilian, and Anja Wittibschlager. "The variation of the subjunctive II in Austria." Linguistic Variation 20, no. 1 (February 4, 2020): 136–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.19005.bre.
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Abstract The primary goal of this paper is to investigate areal-horizontal as well as the social-vertical (morpho-)syntactic variation of subjunctive II in urban and rural areas in Austria. The data come from two different corpora that consist of spoken data gathered in two different projects on German in Austria, collected using the method of Language Production Experiments. The high degree of comparability of our data between the two studies highlights the success and reliability of this elicitation method. Beyond this methodological insight, the study has found a global tendency towards a decline of synthetic subjunctive II constructions, whereas periphrastic constructions show an increase, both in more dialect and more standard oriented registers. Our findings further suggest that the city of Vienna exerts a minor influence on neighboring locations regarding the use of subjunctive II forms. At the same time, our data provide evidence for a more decisive influence of the dialect region.
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Schober, Barbara, Petra Wagner, Ralph Reimann, Moira Atria, and Christiane Spiel. "Teaching Research Methods in an Internet-Based Blended-Learning Setting." Methodology 2, no. 2 (January 2006): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.2.2.73.
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This article gives a survey of a blended learning approach called Vienna E-Lecturing (VEL), implemented in the course Research Methods and Evaluation, which is required by the psychology program at the University of Vienna, Austria. VEL replaces a main lecture and has been designed to teach methodological issues more effectively as well as to strengthen students' learning competences in this field. The program's conceptualization is based on instructional and motivational findings yielding the program's two main teaching principles: (1) networking and (2) optimal instructions. The Internet-based course lasts two semesters and is composed of 10 online learning modules and 11 face-to-face meetings (including tutorials). The modules, which are available successively via a learning platform, systematically instruct students to learn more effectively by cooperating and fulfilling different tasks within small groups. The current article describes the program's principles and theoretical background and outlines the 10 online modules. In addition, some module examples are given for illustration.
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Lenz, Alexandra N. "Ein Austriazismus auf Erfolgskurs – geben als Basisverb der ziel-orientierten Objektsbewegung." Linguistik Online 110, no. 5 (October 19, 2021): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.110.8139.
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The article focuses on the German verb geben (lit. ‘to give’) functioning as a put verb, i. e. a basic verb of goal-oriented placement. While German has been classified as a put-less language in previous research, initial studies on the German language in Austria show that geben seems to be spreading increasingly as a basic put verb, starting from the language area of Vienna. The research desiderata of this thus far overlooked phenomenon include empirically substantiated findings on its areal-horizontal and vertical-social distribution in contemporary German. In order to close this research gap, the article draws on data from a survey throughout Austria. Therein, two different registers of the dialect/standardaxis of each participant were accessed in order to assess intra-individual variation on the lexical level.
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Kisztelińska-Węgrzyńska, Agnieszka. "Partner na trudny czas. Obraz Austrii w świetle materiałów Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych Polskiej Rzeczpospolitej Ludowej z lat 1980–1983." Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki, no. 24/1 (April 29, 2016): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2016.24.06.
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The aim of this article is to show how the Fourth Department (Western Europe) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Polish People’s Republic (PRL) assessed its relations with Austria in 1980–1983. This topic is analysed from the perspective of the existing research on Polish foreign policy and its relations with the West. The article mainly presents the Polish perspective of bilateral relations and efforts to restore good trade relations with Austria. Before martial law was introduced in the PRL, this neutral Western country had evidently favoured Polish affairs in the international arena. The contribution of Bruno Kreisky’s personal diplomacy to the development of trade relations with the PRL is also taken into account. There is a thesis that Austria was one of the first countries in the West which renewed diplomatic relations with the PRL after their having been frozen in December 1981. In the light of the existing studies, such measures were first taken in 1984 in the so-called fraternal countries and in 1985 in Western countries. Materials taken into account in this analysis have not yet been published, and come from the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In the Polish diplomatic documents from 1980–1983, Austria has the image of „a partner in difficult times”. Since 1970, the Austrian government under the leadership of Chancellor Bruno Kreisky was at first perceived exceptionally well in the PRL, compared to other Western countries. After the imposition of martial law, Vienna repeatedly confirmed its willingness to provide Poland with not just humanitarian, but also diplomatic and economic support, refraining from making negative comments on Polish authorities on the international forum. Kreisky avoided sharp statements against Polish authorities, fearing the possible escalation of the conflict. He was convinced that the shift in power was not possible at that time and in that area. He judged negatively Western economic sanctions for two reasons. As he claimed, they struck only the society and common people, having no impact on the decisions of Polish politicians; on the other hand, they threatened the interests of Austria, which was inclined to import Polish raw materials and repay the existing financial obligations. Shortly after the exchange of correspondence on the circumstances of the martial law, the Austrian side, through the Embassy in Vienna, offered to re-establish correct relations. They excluded the possibility of conducting official state visits until the lifting of martial law; however, in April 1983, the first working group meeting with Otto von Bauer, the Deputy Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Austria, was arranged in Vienna. This event was treated as an example to follow in the other diplomatic posts of the Fourth Department.
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Brezina, Tadej, Josef Michael Schopf, and David Moncholi y Badillo. "Public Transit Service-Opportunities in Commuter-Belt Municipalities – A Systemic Analysis of Two Districts in the Vienna Region." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 27, no. 3 (July 2, 2015): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v27i3.1618.
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Public transport in the transition zone from cities to rural areas is increasingly becoming a focus from the financial and public service provision perspective. The (perceived) supply differences of rural and remote areas are on the agenda of policy discourse. Our survey studies the public transport supply of two districts and their municipalities in the region of Vienna, Austria, by using the parameters of service-opportunities, municipal population, acreage of settlement units and potential demand. Annual service-opportunities is a parameter recorded by the public transport authority of the Vienna region for every single station under its zone of influence. These parameters are analyzed to conclude that service-opportunities pose a viable entity for systematic public transport analysis and differences in supply of these two districts are in contrast to expectations. Finally, we address the need for future development of service-opportunities based analyses.
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Kaufmann, Alexander. "Euro-Commentary: The Role of Urban RTI Policy in Stimulating Innovation in the Local Economy: The Case of the City of Vienna." European Urban and Regional Studies 14, no. 1 (January 2007): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776406072665.
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Innovation networks have been analysed at several spatial levels, from the local to the global, with increasing interest in innovation systems below the national level.A wide range of regions has been studied including cities as major centres of innovation. But there is often a difference between the importance of a city as a location of innovation activities and to what extent they can be influenced by politics and public institutions at the city level.This commentary focuses on Vienna, the capital of Austria. Analysing the innovation networks of firms located in Vienna shows the potential scope and limits of the city’s influence on innovation relations. Data from an innovation survey of the Viennese economy lead to the conclusion that only a minor share of the innovation relations of local firms can be influenced directly by the city’s institutions. The results give some indication of where and how the city could be able to increase its influence on the innovation activities of the local economy, reducing Vienna’s dependence on Austria’s federal research, technology and innovation policy.
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Brockmann, Michaela, and Mike Fisher. "Older Migrants and Social Care in Austria." Journal of European Social Policy 11, no. 4 (November 2001): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095892870101100407.
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