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Almutairi, Abdullah Ghthaith, and Hilal Al Shamsi. "Healthcare System Accessibility in the Face of Increasing Privatisation in Saudi Arabia: Lessons From Australia." Global Journal of Health Science 10, no. 7 (June 10, 2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n7p111.
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BACKGROUND: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is a developing nation with significant resources to improve the nations population health and a planned objective to do so with its Vision 2030 plan. Nonetheless to achieve national strategic goals in health policy and outcomes, the structures and methods necessary to do so must first be elucidated, and outcomes of proposed actions must be appropriately predicted. The primary purpose of this literature review is to compare and critically analyse the structural and policy aspects of the Australian and KSA health systems to offer insights into the potential mechanics of developing further health system accessibility within the KSA. Importantly, this review addresses the issue of accessibility in the context of the recently proposed privatisation of hundreds of services throughout the KSA as a major component of the Vision 2030 plan.METHOD: 43 peer-reviewed articles were identified using the PRISMA approach and systematically analysed to determine the effects of policy changes in the 2030 Vision to the accessibility of healthcare, in particular the effect of privatisation, as observed in other nations such as Australia.FINDINGS & DISCUSSION: the literature review demonstrated that privatisation can, but does not always, lead to productivity and efficiency gains, however privatisation also leads to increasing administrative costs and service cost inflation. Health outcomes or service quality indicators are not significantly affected by privatisation. It is probable that privatising health services will reduce accessibility to health services in some subsets of the population.CONCLUSION: according to the international evidence, the proposed plan to privatise health services in the KSA will probably have a negative effect on the accessibility of health services and downstream improvement in population health outcomes. If inappropriate governance is not implemented, the plan to privatise services also carries the risk of decreasing access to vulnerable populations and threatens health equity and needs-based health care.
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El-Dakhs, Dina Abdel Salam. "#StayHome – A pragmatic analysis of COVID-19 health advice in Saudi and Australian tweets." Language and Dialogue 11, no. 2 (March 18, 2021): 223–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.00089.dak.
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Abstract The current study aimed to examine how the government departments of health in Saudi Arabia and Australia provided health advice to the public through Twitter during the COVID-19 crisis. To this end, 100 Saudi and 100 Australian tweets were analysed by using Martínez-Flor’s (2003) advice linguistic realization strategies typology and an adapted version of Trosborg’s (1995) coding scheme for internal modifiers. The external modifiers that emerged in the data were also examined. The results showed a general tendency to use direct advice-giving strategies among Saudis and Australians. Statistical comparisons showed that Saudis used significantly more direct advice-giving strategies and external modifiers than Australians while Australians employed significantly more conventionally indirect strategies and internal modifiers than Saudis.
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Alshamrani, Khalaf. "Ethical aspects of age estimation for forensic purposes in Saudi Arabia." Acta bioethica 28, no. 1 (June 2022): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s1726-569x2022000100117.
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Al Madni, Osama, Magdy Abdel Azim Kharosha, and Ali M. Shotar. "Firearm fatalities in Dammam, Saudi Arabia." Medicine, Science and the Law 48, no. 3 (July 2008): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmmsl.48.3.237.
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Alrehaili, Naif Rashed. "A systematic review of the emergency planning for flash floods response in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Australian Journal of Emergency Management 10.47389/36, no. 36.4 (October 2021): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47389/36.4.82.
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Every year, flash floods hit many cities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia) leading to many injuries and deaths as well as a huge amount of damage to infrastructure. Risks of frequent flash floods have been linked to a lack of emergency planning. This paper presents a systematic review of emergency planning for flash floods response currently in place in Saudi Arabia. Collected information was analysed based on the suitability of content and data for emergency planning in flash floods response. Aspects of the dominant approach of emergency planning and the community-based approach are examined and considered against applications in Saudi Arabia. A case study is used about flash floods in Jeddah in 2009 and 2011 to consider these approaches. This may be the first systematic review of emergency planning for flash floods response in Saudi Arabia and shortcomings listed may lead to improvements in policy, planning and training, particularly given the scientific consensus of an increase in the frequency and magnitude of flash floods in Saudi Arabia.
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Samra, Halima, Alice Li, Ben Soh, and Mohammed Al Zain. "Utilisation of hospital information systems for medical research in Saudi Arabia: A mixed-method exploration of the views of healthcare and IT professionals involved in hospital database management systems." Health Information Management Journal 49, no. 2-3 (May 2, 2019): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1833358319847120.
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Background: Although in recent times the Saudi government has paid much attention to the adaptation of hospital information systems (HIS) and electronic medical records (EMR), the importance of utilising HIS to enhance medical research has been neglected. Objective: We aimed to (i) investigate the current state of medical research in Saudi Arabia, (ii) identify possible issues that hinder improvement of medical research and (iii) identify possible solutions to enhance the role of HIS in medical research in Saudi Arabia. Method: We used a questionnaire and structured interview approach. Questionnaires were distributed to Saudi healthcare professionals. One hundred responses to our questionnaire were captured by the online Google Form designed specifically for our survey. Structured interviews with two IT professionals were conducted regarding technical aspects of their hospital data management systems. Results: Six themes contributing to the inefficacy of HIS in medical research in Saudi Arabia emerged from the data: incorrect datasets, difficult data collection and storage, poor data analytics, a lack of system interoperability across different HIS for universal access and negative perception of the usefulness of HIS for medical research. Conclusion and implications: Our findings suggest (i) cloud-based HIS would support efficient, reliable and integrated data collection and storage across all hospitals in Saudi Arabia; (ii) EMR data sources should be seamlessly linked to avoid incomplete, fragmented or erroneous EMR in Saudi Arabia; and (iii) collaboration between all hospitals in Saudi Arabia to adopt a uniform standard to support interoperability and improve data exchange and integration is necessary.
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Ibrahim, Mohammad A., and Mohammad NS Kordy. "End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in Saudi Arabia." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 6, no. 3 (July 1992): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053959200600304.
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Information was collected on patients with End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD) receiving maintenance dialysis in all of the dialysis facilities in Saudi Arabia. Similar information was also collected from the Saudi Arabian government-sponsored patients with ESRD in the United States between December 1985 to March 1986. As of March 31, 1986, 806 Saudi patients were on maintenance hemodialysis and 16 on peritoneal dialysis in hospital-based dialysis facilities in Saudi Arabia. The prevalence rate of ESRD was 139/million at the completion of the study. The rates increased with age and were similar when compared on a regional basis, but were higher in the rural areas for both sexes in all regions except the Southern Region. Here, the prevalence rates for the female urban residents were higher than for female rural residents. Although primary health care services are available in rural areas, a delay was noted in seeking medical care. This was attributed to the possible lack of health education, knowledge of the disease and information on the availability of the health services. Upon completion of this study, it was concluded that a need exists for further research in all aspects to delineate the role of the various factors that affect ESRD in Saudi Arabia, with the universal goal of preventing development of the disease in the population.
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Littlewood, Jenny, and Shadia Yousuf. "Primary health care in Saudi Arabia: applying global aspects of health for all, locally." Journal of Advanced Nursing 32, no. 3 (September 2000): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01527.x.
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Nassar, Afnan A., and Abrar K. Demyati. "Informed Consent in the Health Care System: An Overview from a Dental Perspective in Saudi Arabia." Saudi Journal of Health Systems Research 1, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000514405.
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Background: Patient autonomy in the health care system is achieved by the vital principle of providing informed consent. Throughout history, informed consent gained recognition and improved to include more aids and steps to formalize and standardize the process of obtaining proper consent in medical and dental practice. Regardless of the type of informed consent obtained before the treatment, it should include an adequate understandable description of nature and diagnosis of the disease, treatment plan, proper alternatives, risks, and limitations. Summary: There is limited information in the ethics literature covering critical concepts related to different dental procedures in Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, informed consent in dentistry is not well-documented. As everything is evolving and changing in Saudi society, litigation has progressed and impacted dentistry. This overview will help in addressing aspects related to informed consent and closing the gaps in the dental health care system in Saudi Arabia, managing complex ethical issues associated with dental patients. In addition, providing recommendations and shedding some light on the importance of informed consent will improve the situation of the informed consent process in Saudi Arabia. Key Messages: Informed consent allows patients to be part of the decision-making process, and it provides legal protection for the practitioners from practice lawsuit cases. Dentists should take extra care in documenting the consent process and patient’s choice regarding their treatment to avoid unfavorable consequences. In Saudi Arabia, attention should be drawn toward the crucial role of informed consent, and more studies should be published in order to enrich the knowledge and to improve the health care system.
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Alzahrani, Khalid J. "Microbiome Studies from Saudi Arabia over the Last 10 Years: Achievements, Gaps, and Future Directions." Microorganisms 9, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102021.
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In the past ten years, microbiome studies have shown tremendous potentiality for implementation of understanding microbiome structures and functions of various biomes and application of this knowledge for human betterment. Saudi Arabia is full of geographical, ecological, ethnical, and industrial diversities and scientific capacities. Therefore, there is a great potential in Saudi Arabia to conduct and implement microbiome-based research and applications. However, there is no review available on where Saudi Arabia stands with respect to global microbiome research trends. This review highlights the metagenome-assisted microbiome research from Saudi Arabia compared to the global focuses on microbiome research. Further, it also highlights the gaps and areas that should be focused on by Saudi microbiome researchers and the possible initiatives to be taken by Saudi government and universities. This literature review shows that the global trends of microbiome research cover a broad spectrum of human and animal health conditions and diseases, environmental and antimicrobial resistance surveillance, surveillance of food and food processing, production of novel industrial enzymes and bioactive pharmaceutical products, and space applications. However, Saudi microbiome studies are mostly confined to very few aspects of health (human and animal) and environment/ecology in last ten years, without much application. Therefore, Saudi Arabia should focus more on applied microbiome research through government, academic, and industry initiatives and global cooperation to match the global trends.
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Alaamri, Olfat, Ezzuddin A. Okmi, and Yasser Suliman. "Vaccine Hesitancy in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 4 (April 12, 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7040060.
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(1) Background: vaccine hesitancy can put the public’s health at risk from vaccine-preventable diseases. This study aimed to address vaccine hesitancy in Saudi Arabia and understand the problem’s magnitude and causes. (2) Methods: this was a descriptive observational study using quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods conducted in Saudi Arabia between December 2020 and February 2021. Public survey forms, exit interviews, and healthcare professional survey forms were used. (3) Results: our study involved 2030 public survey participants, 119 exit interviews of caregivers, and 500 healthcare professionals, demonstrating that vaccine hesitancy was relatively low. Ninety percent of the participants agreed that it was essential for everyone to receive the recommended vaccines with their children (p < 0.001), 92% believed that vaccines are safe for their children (p < 0.001), 91% of the participants agreed to give their new children all the recommended doses (p < 0.001), 86% welcomed mass/school vaccination campaigns (p < 0.001), and 81% were willing to pay for additional vaccines for themselves and their children (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: vaccine hesitancy is low in Saudi Arabia, and a positive attitude toward vaccination was detected among most of the participants. Vaccination decision-making is complex and includes emotional, cultural, social, spiritual, and political aspects.
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Sultan, Mohammed Ali Salem, Amir Khorram-Manesh, Eric Carlström, Jarle Løwe Sørensen, Hadi Jaber Al Sulayyim, and Fabian Taube. "Nurses’ Readiness for Emergencies and Public Health Challenges—The Case of Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 7874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197874.
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This study was aimed at assessing the readiness of 200 emergency nurses in the southern part of Saudi Arabia in the management of public health emergencies, major incidents, and disasters by using quantitative research through a self-reporting validated questionnaire containing 10 different dimensions. All registered nurses working in emergency departments who were willing to participate, of all ages and gender groups, were included. Nurses who were not present during the study period because of vacation or maternity leave, nurses at the managerial level, and nursing aides were excluded. The participating nurses reported good knowledge in almost all investigated aspects of the theoretical dimensions of emergency management. However, they revealed perceived weaknesses in practical dimensions of emergency management and difficulties in assessing their own efforts. There was a significant correlation between qualification and the dimensions of emergency preparedness, epidemiology and surveillance, isolation and quarantine and critical resources, which indicates a need for strengthening their practical contribution as well as their theoretical knowledge. Educational initiatives combining theoretical and practical aspects of emergency management may provide an opportunity to examine nurses’ knowledge, skills, and abilities continuously in an environment with no harm to patients.
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Abdel-Salam, Doaa M., Jumanah M. Alruwaili, Raghad A. Alshalan, Taghreed A. Alruwaili, Shrouq A. Alanazi, and Alshimaa M. Mohamed Lotfy. "Epidemiological Aspects of Dietary Supplement use among Saudi Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010783.
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Background: Dietary supplement use received wide attention and interest throughout the world, particularly in Gulf countries, because of advanced economic and industrial growth. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of dietary supplement use among medical students at Jouf University, Saudi Arabia. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, an anonymous self-administered structured questionnaire was distributed among medical students at Jouf University, Saudi Arabia. Out of the 381 medical students, 366 answered the questionnaire with a response rate of 96%. Analysis of data was done using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program, version 24. Statistical significance was considered at P values <0.05. Results: Regarding the prevalence of dietary supplement use, 36.3% (n=133) and 29.5% (n=108) of the respondents were previous and current users of dietary supplements, respectively. Multivitamins and vitamin D were the most prevalent dietary supplements used by the participants. The students reported that the internet was the main source of knowledge concerning dietary supplements. The significant predictors of dietary supplement use in the logistic regression analysis were: age >21 years (odds ratio (OR): 3.26; confidence interval (CI): 1.67-10.53), females sex (odds ratio (OR): 2.23; confidence interval (CI): 2.34-6.84), and being in the third academic year or more (odds ratio (OR): 2.58; confidence interval (CI): 1.82-5.37). The most reported reasons for utilizing dietary supplements were nutritional supplementation and health promotion. Nearly three-quarters of the students agreed that dietary supplementation is good for health and recommended others to use them after doctor recommendation. Conclusion: Dietary supplement use was remarkably high among medical students at Jouf University, Saudi Arabia. Consumption of dietary supplements increased significantly among older students, females, and those in the third academic year or more. This study recommends other studies involving students from non-health domain colleges to detect if there is a difference in the prevalence of dietary supplement use within this population.
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Al Nefaie, Hamed, Zuhair Alsuhaymi, Ahmed Alzahrani, Abdulaziz Alghamdi, Emtenan Esmael, Nuran Eid, Eyad Agheel, et al. "Fracture Patterns in Saudi Arabian Road Traffic Accidents Over the Last 12 Years: A Systematic Review." Journal of Healthcare Sciences 02, no. 11 (2022): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/johs.2022.21113.
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Background: Road traffic accidents are a major non-communicable epidemic that accounts for death and morbidity in the world today. Despite considerable attention given to health statistics of road traffic accidents (RTAs), the pattern of bone fracture aspects of injuries resulting from RTAs is not fully understood in Saudi Arabia. This review aimed to study the epidemiological pattern of fractures due to RTAs in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This systematic review was based on the latest evidence of RTA fractures in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (SAUDI ARABIA). All articles published during the last 12 years on road traffic accident-associated fractures in SAUDI ARABIA were analyzed. We examined 12 studies published between 2012 and 2022. Eleven included studies were cross-sectional studies and collected data retrospectively, while one study was a cohort. Results: A total of 4709 patients with fractures admitted in 2010–2022, followed by road traffic accidents, were included. Male patients accounted for 81.6% (n = 3843) of all fractures reported. The most commonly fractured body areas were the upper limb extremities (30.05%), followed by lower limb extremities (11.30%), head or skull fracture (10.53%), spine fracture (8.83%), ribs fracture (8.52%), neck fracture (8.09%), pelvis fracture (3.44%), clavicle fracture (1.89%), and sternal fracture (0.28%). Among the upper limb fractures, the femur bone was most fractured (17.06%), and the combined tibia patella and fibula accounted for 17.69% of upper limb fractures. Conclusion: Lower limb fractures, especially femur bone fractures, are prevalent in Saudi Arabia, and caused by RTAs, especially among young males. Therefore, the concerned authorities need to employ and implement stricter traffic rules to minimize the risk of RTA fractures and their subsequent increased morbidity and mortality rates
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Elfawal, M. A., and O. A. Awad. "Deaths from Hanging in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia." Medicine, Science and the Law 34, no. 4 (October 1994): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249403400406.
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An analysis of cases of hanging in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia over a period of five years is presented. Of 61 victims investigated there was a high incidence of suicidal hanging among expatriate males of lower socio-economic classes especially Asians, and in particular, Indians. Two distinct patterns of suicidal hanging were observed in this series. The first used a seemingly popular plastic clothes line, with complete body suspension. This produced a narrow ligature mark, commonly deep and high up in the neck, often with internal cervical injuries. In the second, soft cotton cloth was used with partial suspension of the body, which produced a broad, low, ill-defined ligature mark with facial congestion and petechial haemorrhages, but minimal or absent deep neck injuries. Classical external injuries of asphyxial death (congestion of the face and petechial haemorrhages) were more common in cases of partial suspension than in complete suspension. While the mechanism of death in the majority of cases of partial suspension was apparently due to airways or vascular obstruction, death in cases of complete suspension appeared to result from, in addition to obstruction (airways or vascular), vagal stimulation or carotid sinus pressure, or a combination of these. No fracture of the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage or cervical vertebrae was detected in any of the victims in this series.
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Alshehri, Saad Zafir, Jenny Byrne, and Marcus Grace. "Saudi Arabian university students’ perceptions of health risk behaviours." Health Education 119, no. 4 (June 3, 2019): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-12-2018-0066.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how and why Saudi Arabian students engage in specific health risk behaviours (HRBs), and if there are gender differences. Design/methodology/approach In order to find out the situation regarding university students in Saudi Arabia, quantitative data were collected by administering questionnaires to 722 respondents, and qualitative data were collected using a series of interviews with 17 students. Findings The findings of this mixed methods sequential explanatory study suggest that lifestyle and personal factors, as well as economic, social, policy and other aspects of the environment played a significant role in influencing students’ HRBs. Recommendations for mitigating HRBs among these students and other youth in the Saudi Arabian context are provided. Originality/value This paper addresses an important gap in the research on HRBs among university students from the perspectives of students.
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Yusuf, Nadia, Laila Al-sharqi, and Farah Durrani. "A Determinant Of Healthy Ageing Women Education In Saudi Arabia." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 14, no. 2 (March 2, 2015): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v14i2.9168.
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An increase in the number of elderly people has major implications for society, affecting such areas as health and social services and public spending. The economic effects of an ageing population are considerable. Older people have more savings than younger people, but spend less on consumer goods. The rise in ageing populations will also increase some categories of expenditure, like health care, whose cost is likely to increase dramatically as the population ages. Saudi Arabians, while relatively enthusiastic about saving in general, see retirement as a less important incentive to save and have reduced retirement savings as a result of the current economic downturn. At the same time, life expectancy will be higher and birth rate will decline because of the increase of education levels. People's concepts of birth and health care will be improved under the function of education. Education is the single most important indicator of the socioeconomic status of an individual, which affects almost all aspects of human life, including demographic health behavior. Change of the increase of population ageing that is caused by the change of the relative number of independent variables, such as education, is more of a concern.
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Al Shahri, M., A. M. A. Mandil, A. G. Elzubier, and M. Hanif. "Epidemiological aspects and cost of managing hypertension in Saudi Arabian primary health care centres." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 4, no. 3 (May 15, 1998): 493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/1998.4.3.493.
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The main epidemiological features and the direct cost of management of hypertension for a sample of registered patients in primary health care centres in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia were examined. Epidemiological features were gathered through patient interviews and from medical records, while direct cost of management was obtained using a standard formula. Consultation accounted for the highest direct cost of disease management [67%] ; investigations and drugs were responsible for 16% and 17%, respectively. Number of visits, frequency of follow-up and use of additional drugs were significantly associated with higher total direct cost and higher cost of consultation. Medical education for physicians regarding cost containment and the complete documentation of medical treatment is advised
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Balabel, Ashraf, and Mamdooh Alwetaishi. "Toward Sustainable Healthcare Facilities: An Initiative for Development of “Mostadam-HCF” Rating System in Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 6742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126742.
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Saudi Arabia vision 2030 emphasizes the applications of sustainability concepts in all aspects of life in Saudi society. Accordingly, the Mostadam rating system for existing and new buildings was recently launched to achieve appropriate, sustainable building standards. In the medical field, sustainable healthcare facilities are an extension of the concept of sustainable buildings in terms of important sustainable healthcare parameters. Therefore, the sustainable development of healthcare facilities has great impacts on growing economic, social and environmental issues, which, in turn, improve Saudi society’s public health. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has further exposed the urgent need for sustainable healthcare facilities to control the outbreak of such dangerous pandemics. Accordingly, the retrofitting of the existing healthcare facilities and the shift toward new sustainable ones have become an important objective of many countries worldwide. Currently, the concepts related to sustainable healthcare facilities are rapidly varying their scopes toward wider perspectives. Therefore, a new local rating system for healthcare facilities based on the potential and resources of sustainable healthcare facilities in Saudi Arabia should be developed. The present paper investigates the development of a new version of the Mostadam rating system, known here as “Mostadam-HCF”, in relation to the local Mostadam rating system and in accordance with the LEED version 4.1 (BD + C: Health-care). This important step can help the existing and the new healthcare facilities in Saudi Arabia to obtain, firstly, national accreditation and, consequently, to be internationally accredited. Moreover, the initiative of sustainable healthcare facilities can also help in fighting the current COVID-19 pandemic and the other possible future viruses in Saudi Arabia.
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Al-Ghafli, Hawra, and Sahal Al-Hajoj. "Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Saudi Arabia and Gulf Countries: A Review." Canadian Respiratory Journal 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5035932.
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Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are causing growing health problems worldwide. This is indicated by an increasing amount of scientific reports showing not only well-identified species reemerging but also emergence of new species. The emergence and reemergence of NTM are particularly worrying in developing countries due to scarce published data and improper identification. Here we aimed to examine the main epidemiological aspects and diagnostic challenges associated with NTM in countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and compare these findings to the international arena findings. Data revealed that countries of the GCC are largely dominated by rapidly growing mycobacteria species such asM. fortuitum(29%) andM. abscessus(17%) with high rate of definitive respiratory diseases. On the other hand, most of the developed countries are dominated by slowly growing mycobacteria such as MAC,M. kansasii, andM. gordonae. More efforts are needed, however, to gain insights into NTM issues in countries of the GCC.
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Mobeireek, A. F., F. A. al-Kassimi, S. A. al-Majid, and A. al-Shimemry. "Communication with the seriously ill: physicians' attitudes in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Medical Ethics 22, no. 5 (October 1, 1996): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.22.5.282.
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Murad, Abdulkader, and Bandar Fuad Khashoggi. "Using GIS for Disease Mapping and Clustering in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 5 (May 18, 2020): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9050328.
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Geographic information systems (GIS) can be used to map the geographical distribution of the prevalence of disease, trends in disease transmission, and to spatially model environmental aspects of disease occurrence. The aim of this study is to discuss a GIS application created to produce mapping and cluster modeling of three diseases in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: diabetes, asthma, and hypertension. Data about these diseases were obtained from health centers’ registered patient records. These data were spatially evaluated using several spatial–statistical analytical models, including kernel and hotspot models. These models were created to explore and display the disparate patterns of the selected diseases and to illustrate areas of high concentration, and may be invaluable in understanding local patterns of diseases and their geographical associations.
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Eklund Karlsson, Leena, Anne Leena Ikonen, Kothar Mohammed Alqahtani, Pernille Tanggaard Andersen, and Subash Thapa. "Health Equity Lens Embedded in the Public Health Policies of Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Document Analysis." SAGE Open 10, no. 4 (October 2020): 215824402096277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020962776.
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In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), no studies have been documented to analyze the equity aspects of public health policies. The aims of the study were to identify policy documents in the KSA relevant to public health and to explore whether these include an equity approach. Twenty health-related documents were identified from various ministries’ websites and analyzed through directed content analysis. The results showed that the term “equity” was neither defined nor explained in the documents and suggestions on how to tackle health inequities were lacking. None of the suggested measures communicated an explicit focus on promoting health equity or the social gradient. Several upstream, midstream, and downstream measures were suggested to improve justice and public health for the people. The study reveals that there is a need for an in-depth assessment of the policy measures across sectors and their influence on health equity to inform future health policy development and action in the KSA.
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MUAYGIL, RUAIM. "The Role of Physicians in State-Sponsored Corporal Punishment." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 25, no. 3 (June 27, 2016): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180116000128.
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Abstract:The question of whether there is justification for physicians to participate in state-sanctioned corporal punishment has prompted long and heated debates around the world. Several recent and high-profile sentences requiring physician assistance have brought the conversation to Saudi Arabia. Whether a physician is asked to participate actively or to assess prisoners’ ability to withstand this form of punishment, can there be an ethical justification for medical training and skills being put toward these purposes? The aim of this article is to examine aspects of Islamic law along with the different professional and religious obligations of Saudi Arabian physicians, and how these elements may inform the debate.
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Alqasim, Abdulaziz. "Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in Saudi Arabia: A review of antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 19, no. 2 (April 9, 2020): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v19i2.30.
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Extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is commonly associated with causing urinary tract and bloodstream infections. Over the past two decades, the antimicrobial resistance of ExPEC has increasingly been reported [1]. Given that Saudi Arabia annually hosts mass religious events, such as Hajj, this review investigated several aspects of antimicrobial resistance of ExPEC in this country including the current prevalence of resistance and molecular epidemiology of ExPEC isolates. Generally, the overall prevalence of antibiotic resistance of ExPEC in Saudi Arabia is on increase. The current emergence of colistin resistance in ExPEC represents a major challenge to public health. Local molecular epidemiological studies have shown the dominance of E. coli sequence type 131 (E. coli ST131) over other major ExPEC STs. This is an important observation given that this clone has been associated with high multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamases carriage. To reduce the burden of this resistance in the future, it would be crucial to avoid uncontrolled use of antibiotics in either clinical settings or animal food industry.
Keywords: Extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli, Antimicrobial resistance, ST131, Saudi Arabia, Colistin resistance, Extended-spectrum β-lactamases
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et al., Mohamed. "Visual pollution manifestations negative impacts on the people of the Saudi Arabia." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 8, no. 9 (September 2021): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2021.09.013.
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Visual pollution takes many forms, but it shares its essence with regard to its relationship to confusion in the brain's processing of inconsistent visual inputs, which negatively affects the individual's health in general, and in particular his mental and psychological health. This research is shedding light on the benefits and significance of physiological health positive impacts aspects of visual pollutions. It also highlights the problems associated with Visual prolusion and suggested the way and significance of removal and getting rid of it. Negative visual views are surveyed and documented by displaying some pictures reflecting the current view of the visual pollution. It also displays the directives and plans of the ministry of municipal and rural Affairs to remove and get rid of visual pollution in the kingdom. The paper suggested that policies should be created, rules should be activated and different media should be encouraged to aware people of the importance of the removal of Visual pollutions and its hazardous on people's health as well as the general view of the environment.
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Almaghaslah, Sokinh, and Dalia Almaghaslah. "Professionalism among Family Medicine Residents in Al Madinah Region, Saudi Arabia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, E (October 15, 2021): 946–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6836.
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Abstract
This was an observational,
descriptive, and cross-sectional study conducted
among the medical students at UB.
Background: Professionalism is the core to sustaining trust between a healthcare provider and the community. Family medicine has an important role in health promotion, prevention and is the first line care which provides service to all age groups; this cross-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge and attitude among family medicine residents in Al Madinah region.
Methods: A structured self-administered web-based questionnaire was adapted from CanMEDs use to assess professionalism. The questionnaire contained five domains: demographics, commitment to patients, commitment to society, commitment to the profession, and commitment to self. 119 out of 161 residents at family medicine training centres in Al Madinah responded by completing the questionnaire, giving 74% response rate. There was 49% male and 51% female participants; most (47%) graduated from Taibah University, followed by 18% from Umm Al-Qura University.
Results: findings of commitment towards patients indicated that 75% of participants often or always exhibited appropriate professional behaviour and relationships in all aspects of practice. More than 80% of participants often or always demonstrated a commitment to excellence in all aspects of practice. More than half (58%) of participants often or always recognised and managed conflicts of interest. Findings of commitment toward society showed that more than half (59%) of participants often or always demonstrated accountability to patients, society and the profession by responding to societal expectations of physicians always or often. Findings of commitment revealed that 68% of participants often or always fulfilled and adhered to the professional and ethical codes, standards of practice, and laws governing practice. Findings of commitment to oneself showed that 60% of residents often or always exhibited self-awareness and managed influences on personal well-being and professional performance. About two-thirds (65%) often or always managed personal and professional demands for a sustainable practice.
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ALSHAYBAN, Dhafer, Royes JOSEPH, Jisha LUCCA, Fatimah ALJISHI, and Yara ALSADIQ. "MISUSE AND ABUSE OF DRUGS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY AMONG PHARMACY PROFESSIONALS IN SAUDI ARABIA." SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 28, no. 28 (June 20, 2020): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v28.n28.2020.07_royes_pgs_46_52.pdf.
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Prescription and non-prescription medication misuse or abuse is a global problem that has a negative impact on all human life aspects, including health, social, economic, and security status. According to the United Nations Office on Drug and Crime reports, over 5% of adult people used drugs at least once in the year 2015, and 29.5 million of them were suffered from the consequences of inappropriate use of drugs. Information on the knowledge and perception among pharmacists regarding the misuse and abuse medications in Saudi Arabia are limited, and therefore, a study was conducted among pharmacy staff to assess their knowledge and awareness on drug misuse and abuse. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Pharmacy professionals with more than three months of experience were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the participant's responses. A Chi-square test was used to evaluate the association of sociodemographic factors with the participant's responses. Ninety pharmacy professionals were responded. Overall, 69 (76.7%) participants agreed that misuse and abuse are two different terms. In addition, the study showed different responses for patients who suspected to be medication abusers. In conclusion, this study provides an initial picture of pharmacy staffs' knowledge and opinion regarding the misuse and abuse of medicines in Saudi Arabia. Participants' reactions toward such behaviors were different and not consistent. Therefore, there should be a clear policy to define the role of the pharmacy staff toward the misuse and abuse of medication in Saudi Arabia.
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Alshayban, Dhafer, Royes Joseph, Jisha Lucca, Fatimah Aljishi, and Yara Alsadiq. "Misuse and Abuse of Drugs: a Cross-Sectional Survey Among Pharmacy Professionals in Saudi Arabia." Southern Brazilian Journal of Chemistry 28, no. 28 (June 20, 2020): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37633/sbjc.28(28)2020.45-52.
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Prescription and non-prescription medication misuse or abuse is a global problem that has a negative impact on all human life aspects, including health, social, economic, and security status. According to the United Nations Office on Drug and Crime reports, over 5% of adult people used drugs at least once in the year 2015, and 29.5 million of them were suffered from the consequences of inappropriate use of drugs. Information on the knowledge and perception among pharmacists regarding the misuse and abuse medications in Saudi Arabia are limited, and therefore, a study was conducted among pharmacy staff to assess their knowledge and awareness on drug misuse and abuse. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Pharmacy professionals with more than three months of experience were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the participant’s responses. A Chi-square test was used to evaluate the association of sociodemographic factors with the participant's responses. Ninety pharmacy professionals were responded. Overall, 69 (76.7%) participants agreed that misuse and abuse are two different terms. In addition, the study showed different responses for patients who suspected to be medication abusers. In conclusion, this study provides an initial picture of pharmacy staffs’ knowledge and opinion regarding the misuse and abuse of medicines in Saudi Arabia. Participants’ reactions toward such behaviors were different and not consistent. Therefore, there should be a clear policy to define the role of the pharmacy staff toward the misuse and abuse of medication in Saudi Arabia
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Alqahtani, Ali Saeed. "Knowledge and attitude toward Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus among heath colleges' students in Najran, Saudi Arabia." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 8 (July 22, 2017): 2641. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173153.
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Background: Najran area, Saudi Arabia, has experienced infection of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus. Knowledge towards prevention and control of the disease is necessary among the health colleges' students as they are at high risk of newly emerging diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of undergraduate health colleges’ students in Najran University, Saudi Arabia towards MERS coronavirus.Methods: A structured questionnaire on MERS was developed by the researcher with the help of existing literatures to cover the survey objectives. From five health colleges, 418 health colleges’ students were invited to fill the questionnaire from February 2017 to April 2017 and statistic was used to summarize the responses. Results: The students were highly aware about the clinical aspects of MERS including diagnosis, treatment, transmission and preventive measures. However, there were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) among health colleges’ students regarding their understanding of the basic science of the virus. The students showed positive attitude about MERS and the majority indicated that they are in need for further education about it. Conclusions: The students were knowledgeable about the clinical aspects of MERS but were lacking background awareness in the basic sciences and there is need for further education and training programs.
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Alsawah, Zainah, Sarah Al Amoudi, and Mohannad M. Alfakhri. "Prevalence of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Symptoms and Its Association with Burnout among Family Medicine Residents in Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 7, no. 02 (February 28, 2022): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol07-i02/1361.
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Aim: The present study aimed at investigating the prevalence of Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and the association between OCPD and burnout among family medicine residents in cluster two hospitals in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. Method: This was a cross-sectional study over a sample of 114 family medicine residents from hospitals at cluster two in Riyadh city. A self-administered survey consisting of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; (DSM-5 criteria) questionnaire for OCPD and Maslach Burnout Inventory- (MBI) were distributed over the participating family medicine residents. Results: The findings of the study indicated that OCPD was prevalent among 22.8% (n=26) of the enrolled family medicine residents. In addition, it was found that high emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization and low professional accomplishment were prevalent among 33.4% (n=38), 57% (n=65) and 93% (n=106), respectively. In addition, the study found that there was a significant association between OCPD and emotional exhaustion (p < 0.001), depersonalization (p < 0.001) and professional accomplishment (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a significant prevalence of OCPD among family medicine residents in cluster two hospitals in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. In addition, the study concluded that OCPD is significantly associated with burnout. The study recommended reviewing the educational and professional content of the residency program taking into consideration the mental health aspects of the family medicine residents and to perform periodical mental health assessment tests for the family medicine residents in Saudi Arabia.
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Al-Yahya, Khalid, Abdullah Al-Khateeb, Abdulrahman Al-Ismail, Abdulwahab Al-Yahya, and Atika Al-Arfaj. "Patterns of Using Personal Audio Devices and Associated Health Risks in Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.4.30.
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Hearing loss is the world's fourth leading cause of disability. A limited number of studies in Saudi Arabia assess knowledge of personal audio device use and associated health risks among the general population, particularly on the regional level. Moreover, no study was performed in the Eastern Province about this problem. Thus, this study aimed to measure the pattern of the Use of earphones and Personal Audio Devices (PAD) and assess usage habits, listening beliefs, and knowledge of safe use of a sample of adults in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Data were derived in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia and included 483 participants; 33.7% belonged to the age group of 18-25 years old. Data were collected by an online self-administered questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics, a c2 test, a Manne Whitney U test, and hierarchical multiple logistic regression. The assessment of the pattern of PAD usage showed that 53.4% of the participants reported that they had been using it for more than 5 years, and 43.1% used it more than 4 days a week. The assessment of perceptions related to continuous PAD usage showed that 61.7% believed its usage would lead to hearing loss, 79.7% thought it would cause ringing in the ear, 43.1% believed it would cause insomnia, and the majority (90.5%) believed it would cause headache. The knowledge level assessment for PAD use showed that more than half of participants (51.3%) had poor knowledge related to personal audio devices use. Half of the study's participants were unaware of the health risks associated with PAD use. Health officials should use more effective health education strategies to increase public and caregiver understanding of the many aspects of PAD usage.
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El-Gamal, Fathi, Tala Bukhari, Amjad Assiri, Sukaina Abdulmohsen, and Zainab Yassin. "Burden, Clinical Aspects and Management of Bronchial Asthma at Outpatient Clinics in Jeddah Saudi Arabia." JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE SCIENCES 02, no. 08 (2022): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/johs.2022.2810.
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Background: Asthma is a health disorder that is prevalent worldwide, and it imposes a great burden on primary health care (PHC) facilities. This work aims to study the magnitude and clinical aspects of bronchial asthma (BA) and to explore the pattern of its management at outpatient clinics (OPCs) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 2,501 patients who visited the OPCs at two private hospitals in Jeddah during the study period. All patients were examined by a specialist. Data were collected using a checklist form to obtain personal characteristics, clinical assessment and management, as well as the outcome of the visits. Results: BA accounts for 4.27% of all visits, and for 19.49% of respiratory disorders visits to OPCs. Children under 6 years old were twice as likely to develop BA (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.130, 3.147, p <0.015) compared to individuals older than 40 years. The common BA symptoms were cough (77.4%), dyspnea (42.5%), wheeze (29.2%), and sputum production (25.7%). CXR was the most frequent investigation performed on patients with BA (26.4%). No lung function or immunological tests were performed. Cortisol (21.7%), short-acting β2 agonist (21.7%), antibiotic (41%), paracetamol (17%), cough syrup and antihistamines (30% and 19.8%), and additionally, ketotifen (4.7%) and anti-leukotriene (7.5%) were prescribed to the patients. Counseling was neglected by physicians. The majority of cases were discharged. Conclusion: BA is a common cause for PHC visits. OPC management and use of antibiotics for BA should be revised with emphasis on adherence to the standard recommendations. PHC physicians should prioritize educating people about the prevention and control of BA.
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Alassaf, Nouf, Sulaiman Bah, Fatima Almulhim, Norah AlDossary, and Munirah Alqahtani. "Evaluation of Official Healthcare Informatics Applications in Saudi Arabia and their Role in Addressing COVID-19 Pandemic." Healthcare Informatics Research 27, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4258/hir.2021.27.3.255.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine official healthcare informatics applications in Saudi Arabia in the context of their role in addressing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods: This is a case study of official healthcare informatics programs and applications (apps) developed in Saudi Arabia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The qualitative content analysis (QCA) method was used. Data collection consisted of two components: a desktop review of documents and actual testing of the programs. According to the QCA method, we developed a matrix for abstracting information on different apps and programs in order to categorize the data. The compilation of information and discussion were based on information summarized in the matrix.Results: Six apps in total were developed before the COVID-19 pandemic. With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, three of the apps, SEHA, Mawid, and Sehaty were modified to address different aspects of the pandemic. Both SEHA and Mawid included information about COVID-19 awareness. During the COVID-19 pandemic, three official apps were developed: Tawakkalna, Tetamman, and Tabaud. The Tawakkalna app is mandatory for all citizens and residents to activate when visiting stores and institutions. It has a wide range of COVID-19 and other health-related functions. The Tetamman app provides COVID-19 test results and allows one to check his or her daily symptoms. It also has an educational content library and provides alerts. The Tabaud app notifies individuals if they have been exposed to COVID-19. The features, advantages, and disadvantages of all of the apps were examined.Conclusions: Overall, there were more strengths than shortcomings in the role played by healthcare informatics in the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia.
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Iqbal, Shazia, Khalid Akkour, Bushra Bano, Ghaiath Hussain, Manal Khalid Kamal Ali Elhelow, Atheer Mansour Al-Mutairi, and Balqees Sami Khaza'l Aljasim. "Awareness about Vulvovaginal Aesthetics Procedures among Medical Students and Health Professionals in Saudi Arabia." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 43, no. 03 (March 2021): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1725050.
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Abstract Objective The present study aimed to explore the opinion and ethical consideration of vulvovaginal aesthetics procedures (VVAPs) among health professionals and medical students in Saudi Arabia. Methods This is a cross-sectional study performed between January 2020 and April 2020. Data was collected through electronic media, WhatsApp, and emails. The results were analyzed by applying the Students t-test, and correlations were considered significant if they presented a p-value < 0.05. Results There is significant demand to educate doctors, health professionals, medical students, and gynecologists for the VVAPs to have a solid foundation, justified indications, and knowledge about various aesthetic options. Although female doctors, medical students, young doctors, and gynecologists have more knowledge about VVAPs, all health professionals ought to be aware of recent trends in vulvovaginal aesthetics (VVA). The present analysis determined that VVA should be under the domain of gynecologists, rather than under that of plastic surgeons, general surgeons, and cosmetologists. The majority of the participants considered that vaginal rejuvenation, “G-spot” augmentation, clitoral surgery, and hymenoplasty are not justifiable on medical grounds. Conclusion The decision to opt for different techniques for vaginal tightening and revitalization should be taken very carefully, utilizing the shared decision-making approach. Ethical aspects and moral considerations are important key factors before embarking in the VVAPs purely for cosmetic reasons. Further research is required to determine the sexual, psychological, and body image outcomes for women who underwent elective VVAPs. Moreover, medical educators must consider VVAPs as part of the undergraduate and postgraduate medical curriculum.
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AlSinan, Amal, and Amani Ali Shaman. "A Study to Measure the Health Awareness of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Saudi Arabia." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 8 (June 15, 2017): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n8p130.
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BACKGROUND STUDY: There are various health disorders among women which might lead to various healthcare complications. In such cases, lack of awareness is one of the primary reasons for prolonged identification or poor disease self-management. Additionally, the freeness or comfort in discussing or gaining information can be a major limitation in managing such diseases. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one such disorder among the women which can occur at reproductive age, and may cause infertility. The occurrence of disease at such a young age could lead to stress among the patients, and it also has major complications which can affect the health and lifestyles of the people diagnosed with PCOS. Therefore, it is very essential to increase the awareness about the disease and its self-management practices among the women.STUDY AIM: The purpose of this study is to identify the level of awareness about PCOS among the Saudi women.STUDY DESIGN: An online survey questionnaire is used for collecting the knowledge levels of Saudi women with PCOS, in the aspects of physiology of female reproductive systems, knowledge of pathophysiology of PCOS, complications associated with PCOS, and self-management techniques. RESULTS: A minimal awareness about signs, symptoms, complications and self-management approaches of PCOS was observed in more than 60% of the motivated sample population.CONCLUSION: It is observed and suggested that the perception of long-term metabolic effects of PCOS on the health of affected individual needs to be optimized. Effective methods for increasing awareness using internet and communication technologies should be developed and promoted among the women.
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Habib, Sufyan, Mohammed Khan, and Nawaf Hamadneh. "Gender Sensitivity in Accessing Healthcare Services: Evidence from Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 8, 2022): 14690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214690.
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Good health and reduced inequality are factors of sustainable development. Healthcare systems are considered on68e of the most important activities of the creative economy that arise from research and development activities. Therefore, facilitating access to healthcare is one of the most important challenges guiding the development of the healthcare systems. Access is a complex concept and requires at least four aspects of evaluation. These include whether services are available, whether there is an adequate supply of services, whether people could obtain healthcare, and finally, evaluating whether a population may have access to services. Most countries are working hard to explore the means of providing better healthcare services to their population, especially in the pandemic age of crisis. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is one such country that is continuously trying to enhance healthcare access to its citizens by adopting different means and policy interventions. The primary objective of this study is to assess whether gender differences exist with unmet healthcare needs among the citizens of the KSA. In this study, we examined the factors affecting the healthcare system in the Kingdom through access to and use of primary healthcare centres in urban and rural areas and whether there is a gender gap in access to healthcare services. In addition, we have tried to explore the current challenges faced by the healthcare system and key points about immediate measures to overcome the crisis in this sector. A well-structured questionnaire was designed covering different dimensions of the study objectives. The population of the study includes both male and female citizens of Makkah city of the KSA. In a survey of 529 respondents, it was found that people’s access to the healthcare service system in the area is good. Test statistics confirm the significant difference in healthcare access across the gender categories of respondents. The availability of services, as well as the barriers to access, must be evaluated in the context of varied groups in society’s differing perspectives, health requirements, and material and cultural surroundings. Some theoretical and managerial implications, limitations, and scope of future research are also presented in the study.
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Moscatelli, M. "Cultural identity of places through a sustainable design approach of cultural buildings. The case of Riyadh." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1026, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1026/1/012049.
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Abstract Architecture in Saudi Arabia has undergone significant changes in recent decades due to rapid planning and massive expansion, especially in the major cities of Riyadh, Jeddah and Dammam. In the strategic framework of the Saudi Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia will become one of the major destinations for international visitors, thanks to its cultural heritage. It is, therefore, necessary to ensure a design of contemporary buildings that reinforce the identity of the place by reflecting the local culture through a sustainable approach by responding to the site and the climate, strengthening the quality of the indoor environment for the health and well-being of people. This paper seeks to identify relevant criteria for architectural design in which sustainability and cultural identity are strongly related. These criteria arise from a critical reflection on various factors fundamental in public buildings design, such as the historical knowledge of the place, recognition of significant pre-existing buildings, climatic aspects, and the health and comfort of building occupants. Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, one of the fastest-growing cities in the Middle East, is selected as a case study. This study takes the project of a cultural centre in Riyadh city as an experimental verification of these theoretical assumptions. The aim is to strengthen the cultural identity of the place through social and cultural spaces that reflect Saudi culture while at the same time preserving the environment and natural resources. A well-managed and actual design of cultural buildings in the selected case study in Riyadh is essential to promote culture and heritage to reinforce the sense of regional and national identity towards a sustainable design approach. In this investigation, the paper attempts to define guidelines through a cultural and sustainable strategy that can be generalized to other Gulf countries.
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Bokhari, Syed Akhtar Hussain, Hazem Tarek Rashed, and Mohammed Farhan Al-Farhan. "Evaluation of Perceived Competency of Dental Graduates of Saudi Arabia." Education Research International 2022 (March 24, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2600474.
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Background. Dental professional’s competency comprises a comprehensive management of the oral health care of their patients, and an evaluation of competence level is an important step towards assessing the quality of the graduating dentists. This study assessed the level of self-rated competencies of dental graduates from Saudi dental colleges. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted online through a structured questionnaire that consisted of three domains of “Knowledge, Skills, and Values.” The study population was dental graduates who have studied the same curriculum and were working in Saudi dental settings. Dental graduates included interns, general practitioners, and specialists/consultants, both male and female, grouped into age groups (20-24, 25-29, and ≥30 years), Saudi/non-Saudi, with qualifications (Bachelor, Master, and Fellowship/Board), working in any region inside Saudi Arabia. Results. Complete responses received from 197 graduates were analyzed. ≥75% of the respondents felt that they were well prepared for 40% and half of the respondents felt that they were not well prepared in 50% competencies in the domain of “Knowledge.” ≥75% of the respondents felt that they were well prepared for 36% and 50% were not well prepared in 36% competencies in the domain of “Skills.” ≥75% of the respondents felt that they were well prepared for 67% competencies in the domain of “Values.” Statistically, mean values were significant ( p ≤ 0.001 ) for female genders and nonsignificant for qualification and rank categories. The overall mean scores for self-perceived competencies for the domains of “Knowledge,” “Skills,” and “Values” were 8.9 ± 3.1 , 12.8 ± 3.3 , and 5.5 ± 2.1 , respectively. Participants showed the highest level of “Knowledge” in medical problem diagnosis and least level in basic life support. The highest level of “Skills” was noted in the differential diagnosis and lowest in the dental emergency management. Most participants had shown a value for service to humanity. Conclusions. Dental graduates of this study sample perceived themselves well prepared for many aspects of dental practice and have highlighted areas that need improvement in their training at the undergraduate level.
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Alkhamees, Abdulmajeed A., and Moath S. Aljohani. "The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Students of Saudi Arabia." Open Public Health Journal 14, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502114010012.
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Background: Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the numbers of cases and deaths worldwide have begun to increase, the closure of schools, universities, shops, workplaces, and the vast degree of precautionary actions, have left students feeling helpless, isolated, bored, and uncertain of what would happen to their academic advancement. Our study aims to assess the degree of the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students in Saudi Arabia. Methods: During the early days of the pandemic, the survey sample was based on non-probability sampling. We conducted an online-based survey using a snowball sample technique. The survey collected data on several aspects of the participants, including the psychological impact of COVID-19, using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The current study shows an extensive analysis of the survey with a focus on the impact of the pandemic on students. Results: A total of 336 students were recruited for the study and responded to the survey. The IES-R showed that 7.1% and 23.8% of the students experienced moderate and severe symptoms, respectively. On the DASS stress subscale, 13.4% and 10.7% of students experienced severe and extremely severe stress symptoms, respectively. With regards to anxiety, 6.0% and 15.8% of students experienced severe and extremely severe symptoms, respectively. As much as 11.6% and 17.6% of the students experienced severe and extremely severe symptoms of depression, respectively. Females were more likely to experience symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), stress, anxiety, and depression. Having a family member working in the field of health/medicine was significantly associated with depression; poor to average health and previous diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder was associated with a higher chance of developing PTSD, stress, anxiety, and depression. Conclusion: During the early days of the pandemic, nearly one-fourth of students experienced moderate to severe symptoms of PTSD. Our findings could help guide schools and universities in implementing a clear, effective strategy for students to navigate the coming academic year and expand the efforts made on academic and psychological counseling, especially for the vulnerable populations.
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Alhamad, A. M., and F. Al Haidar. "A retrospective audit of electroconvulsive therapy at King Khalid University Hospital, Saudi Arabia." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 5, no. 2 (May 29, 1999): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/1999.5.2.255.
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The case records of patients receiving ECT at King Khalid University Hospital over a 10-year period were reviewed for all aspects of ethical and technical administration of ECT. The audit of 127 patients showed some deficiencies in the early years: no seizure monitoring, no training or education for staff [particularly psychiatrists and anaesthetists], and the use of atropine as a premedication for all patients. Recently, regular education and staff training have been organized and seizure timing regularly monitored. Use of an ECT machine with EEG monitoring and the systematic and scaled monitoring of complications is recommended. Results show the necessity of ECT auditing, including an unbiased external audit for effective monitoring of the practical administration of ECT. Similar audits in other mental health institutions in Saudi Arabia are recommended
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Abdullah, Nibras, Ola A. Al-wesabi, Badiea Abdulkarem Mohammed, Zeyad Ghaleb Al-Mekhlafi, Meshari Alazmi, Mohammad Alsaffar, Mohammed Anbar, and Putra Sumari. "Integrated Approach to Achieve a Sustainable Organic Waste Management System in Saudi Arabia." Foods 11, no. 9 (April 22, 2022): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11091214.
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Organic waste management (OWM) has always been a fundamental aspect of human populations. Approaches to OWM must be matched to the characteristics of a certain population. In this consideration, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is no exception. Organizations are being aligned to focus on sustainability matters sharing significant features with universal trends, especially the integration of 3Rs (reducing waste, reusing, and recycling resources). However, the degree and nature of advancement in the direction of sustainability vary depending on the economic level of a state. High-income economies can afford to pay a higher price to integrate 3Rs technologies. Most recent endeavors have focused on achieving ‘Zero Waste’, which is costly for low-income developing countries. The expectations of OWM systems in KSA must be estimated. In this work, the situations in KSA and other countries are analyzed, and pertinent aspects are explored. Matters relating to the sustainability of OWM are conceptually assessed. This study proposes an integrated method for an organic waste management system to achieve sustainable OWM in the context of state policy and appropriate frameworks, suitable technology, institutional order, operational and monetary administration, and people consciousness and involvement. A genetic-based waste collection transportation algorithm that enhances the efficiency of waste collection truck management is presented in line with this technology. The selected routes based on the Rfs and IPv are the most efficient among those available for the examined smart bin destinations. The minimum Rfs of selected routes is less than the maximum Rfs of available routes by 2.63%. Also, the minimum IPv of selected routes is less than the maximum IPv of available routes by 27.08%. The proposed integrated approach, including the waste collection transportation algorithm, would be beneficial across a variety of country-specific layouts.
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Almatar, Khalid Mohammed. "Transit-Oriented Development in Saudi Arabia: Riyadh as a Case Study." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 16129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316129.
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Transit-oriented development (TOD) in Saudi Arabia is becoming a significant priority for the government and developers to create a sustainable and quality living environment. TOD is an integrated transport and urban planning method that aims to reduce car use and urban sprawl, increase the use of public transport, and enhance sustainable mobility. To meet the global goals as per the Paris Accord, Saudi Arabia’s policymakers must prioritize the integration of TOD in urban planning. This study was carried out with the main aim of identifying the environmental, social, and economic benefits of implementing TOD in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A mixed-study research method was used, and data were collected using a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 21, and qualitative data were analyzed using NVivo software. The findings of this study show that TOD in Riyadh City would positively impact economic, environmental, and social aspects. TOD would reduce travel time, allow its people to have an active lifestyle, and reduce congestion. TOD would help reduce mental health disorders and improve physical activity. TOD would positively impact the environment of Riyadh City and assist in reducing greenhouse gases. Overall, the study results provide a reliable perspective on the benefits of TOD. Most participants assumed that the implementation of TOD in Riyadh City would increase automobile mobility, provide more employment opportunities, and reduce travel time, positively impacting the environment and economy of Riyadh City.
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AlMarzooqi, Mezna A., Omar A. Alhaj, Maha M. Alrasheed, Mai Helmy, Khaled Trabelsi, Ahmed Ebrahim, Suhaib Hattab, Haitham A. Jahrami, and Helmi Ben Saad. "Symptoms of Nomophobia, Psychological Aspects, Insomnia and Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study of ESports Players in Saudi Arabia." Healthcare 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020257.
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(1) Background: ESports is a new trend of sports, which has gained considerable popularity worldwide. There is a scarcity of evidence that focuses on the lifestyle of ESports players (eSP) particularly on symptoms of nomophobia, level of anxiety, sleep quality, food consumption and physical activity. (2) Objective: to determine the prevalence and relationship between symptoms of nomophobia, psychological aspects, insomnia and physical activity of eSP in Saudi Arabia. (3) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and April 2021 using a convenient self-selection adult sample. A total of 893 (216 eSP vs. 677 non-eSP (NeSP)) participants aged over 18 years were included. All participants answered a seven-part validated questionnaire that included: (i) sociodemographic questions; (ii) a symptoms of nomophobia questionnaire; (iii) general anxiety disorder questions, (iv) an insomnia severity index, (v) an Internet addiction scale, (vi) the Yale food addiction scale 2.0 short form and (vii) an international physical activity questionnaire. (4) Results: Among the entire population, the prevalence of moderate to severe nomophobia, anxiety, insomnia, Internet addiction and low physical activity were 29.8%, 13.9%, 63.3%, 27% and 2.8%, respectively. The eSP and NeSP differed significantly in nomophobia scale, anxiety and insomnia values. Compared to NeSP, eSP had a higher level of severe nomophobia p = 0.003, a severe level of anxiety p = 0.025 and symptoms of insomnia p = 0.018. Except for food addiction and physical activity, a positive correlation was identified between symptoms of nomophobia, anxiety and insomnia among eSP. (5) Conclusion: This study reported high prevalence of nomophobia, anxiety and insomnia among eSP compared to NeSP.
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Altaweli, Roa, Mahdi Alzamanan, Yasir Ashour, and Zainab Aldawsari. "Management of acute surgical wounds in Saudi Arabia: nursing staff knowledge and practice." Journal of Wound Care 32, Sup1 (January 2, 2023): S9—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2023.32.sup1.s9.
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Objective: Nursing staff play a crucial role in postoperative wound care and management; it is therefore imperative that their knowledge is kept up to date to avoid complications. The overarching objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of nursing staff regarding various aspects of the management of acute surgical wounds. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess nurses' clinical knowledge and practices in the management of acute wounds in four large hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The eligible participants included nurses who were working in the medical or surgical departments and those who were employed by the Ministry of Health. We administered a study questionnaire and conducted descriptive analysis to report frequencies and proportions of knowledge and practice aspects. Results: A total of 360 nurses responded to the survey, giving a response rate of 70%. A total of 221 nurses completed all survey questions. Of the participants, 56.56% were ≥30 years old, 95.48% were female, and 50.02% had >6 years' working experience. With regards to nurses' knowledge: 71.9% of the participants had updated their knowledge about wound care in the past two years; 54.3% perceived their knowledge of the availability of wound products as good; 74.66% correctly reported the classic signs of inflammation; 66.97% correctly identified general signs of wound infection; 84.62% of the sample considered surgical site infection as one complication of surgical wound infection. Only 61.09% of the nurses reported following wound care guidelines, 48.42% considered wound appearance as a highly important factor that influences nurses' choice of surgical dressing products, and 41.63% considered hospital policies and practices as important in making evidence-based decisions in wound management. Conclusion: This study found that nurses' knowledge about the management of wounds was generally good; however, there were gaps in the practical component which need to be filled to avoid wound complications.
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Khoja, Tawfik A. M., Ali M. Al Shehri, Abdul Aziz F. Abdul Aziz, and Khwaja M. S. Aziz. "Patterns of referral from health centres to hospitals in Riyadh region." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 3, no. 2 (March 15, 1997): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/1997.3.2.236.
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Patterns of attendance and referrals in hospitals and health centres in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia, studied before and after implementing a referral system showed a 40.6% total decrease in patients attending hospital outpatient clinics;an 11.9% increase in patients attending primary health centres;a 19.2% increase in referrals;a 33.2% increase in patients attending emergency departments;and a 17.3% increase in inpatients. It is clear that the referral system has, and will have, an impact on primary and secondary health care services. In order to optimize positive and minimize negative aspects of this impact, communication between primary health centres and hospitals should be of high standard. Regular reviews and studies of referral systems are recommended
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Al-Gaai, E. A., and M. M. Hammami. "Medical chaperoning at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia: survey of physicians." Journal of Medical Ethics 35, no. 12 (November 30, 2009): 729–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.2009.030163.
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Alshammari, Abdullah Faraj, Abdulmjeed Sadoon, Ahmed Mohmmed Aldakhil, Alanoud Naif Alotaibi, and Rawan Turki Alturki. "Oral and dental health comorbidity in COVID-19 era: social aspects and impacts on community dentistry in Saudi Arabia." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 11 (October 26, 2020): 4261. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204449.
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Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) announced COVID-19 a public health emergency of global concern. The most vulnerable populations are elderly and/or medically compromised people. it is recommended that non-emergency and elective procedures be postponed while dental clinics remain open to patients with urgent needs. Providing oral-health instruction is important to limit the needs of patients to leave their homes for treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and behaviour of residents in Saudi Arabia towards their oral health during the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. Data was collected through online self-administration of the questionnaire on the Google forms platform. Any relationships between the variables were analysed using Pearson’s chi-squared test. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: This study included 1000 participants. 70.7% reported that their oral-health care practices became worse during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants’ medical histories revealed that 17.8% had multiple chronic illnesses. Of all respondents, 48.2% believed that COVID-19 is a serious health problem and only 33.4% of respondents were aware that only emergency treatment is being offered at dental clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusions: An alarming percentage of participants do not see COVID-19 as threatening to their health. A number of people needed urgent treatment but preferred to stay home because of fear and anxiety connected to the pandemic. The lack of information can lead to the exacerbation of such fear, which in turn causes individuals to neglect their oral health.
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Alqadheeb, Mohammed, Ahmed Aladhab, Hani AlAbdullah, and Abdullah AlQuwidhi. "Satisfaction of Primary Health Care Physicians Towards Electronic Health Information System (WAHED) in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia 2022." Journal of Healthcare Sciences 02, no. 09 (2022): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/johs.2022.2906.
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Background: The implementation and adoption of the health information systems (HIS) in hospitals has increased globally in the recent years. A physician’s perception of such systems is a crucial determinant of their successful use. In this study, we aim to explore physician satisfaction levels with the electronic health information system and to identify the main factors affecting the satisfaction level of physicians. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among the primary health care (PHC) physicians in Al-Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia. Data was collected via a survey which was distributed using Google Forms. Physicians' satisfaction levels towards HIS were explored using a validated 19-item questionnaire and analysed in different categories. Results: A total of 215 primary health care physicians were included in the study. Reliability showed good internal consistency (α = 0.809). The aggregated satisfaction ratings for HIS based on the responses showed some variations. A total of 4 (2%) of the respondents gave an overall rating of ‘poor’ to the system, and 26 (12%) of them rated it as ‘fair’, 97 (45%) of them rated it as ‘good’, 80 (37%) of them rated it as ‘very good’ and 8 (11%) of them found the system ‘excellent’. Nationality (p=0.017), HIS training (p=0.001), and stress or burnout (p=0.001) were significant factors associated with physicians' satisfaction levels with the HIS. Conclusion: Overall, physicians were moderately satisfied with the HIS, and that various aspects of the system require improvement. Continued evaluation of installed systems and feedback from users must guide future improvements in the technology. Further research is required to investigate the causes of the physician’s stress/burnout, and non-trainee physician dissatisfaction, and improve the overall satisfaction among primary health care physicians.
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Abdulmonem, Waleed, Sultan Alghaniam, Hmoud Alenazi, Philip Baker, Mansour Alghoniam, Abduallh Alfugaier, and Abdulrhman Alghunaim. "The Gaps and Opportunities in Primary Care Programs to Address Childhood Obesity in Saudi Arabia: A Comprehensive Review." Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences 8, no. 2 (November 15, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54940/ms66194493.
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Childhood obesity is a significant health concern globally, and it is associated with lethal disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular and cancers in later years of life. We review the numerous aspects of childhood obesity to identify the gaps and opportunity to combat the increasing prevalence and translation of current knowledge into nutritional practice, doable recommendations, and strategic actions at primary health care settings, particularly in Saudi Arabia. Based upon methodology meetings, knowledge-to-action (KTA) framework, population/patient problem, intervention, comparison and outcome, formulated research questions, and reporting guidelines of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA), the gaps and opportunities are identified in this systematic review. The key findings revealed that the main determinants of childhood obesity are lack of adequate knowledge, nutritional facilities, unhealthy dietary practices or behavioral factors, and rapid urbanization. At present, most countries, including Saudi Arabia, have not implemented childhood obesity prevention and control interventions. Based on the evidence gathered by the practical application of the knowledge translation approach, the community-based multi-sectoral and multicomponent approaches at schools and primary healthcare settings are certainly substantial to confront the increasing burden of childhood obesity.