Academic literature on the topic 'Australian waters'
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Journal articles on the topic "Australian waters"
1
Łukowiak, Magdalena. "Fossil and modern sponge fauna of southern Australia and adjacent regions compared: interpretation, evolutionary and biogeographic significance of the late Eocene ‘soft’ sponges." Contributions to Zoology 85, no. 1 (January 12, 2016): 13–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08501002.
Full textAbstract:
The late Eocene ‘soft’ sponge fauna of southern Australia is reconstructed based on disassociated spicules and is used to interpret the paleoecology and environmental context of shallow marine communities in this region. The reconstructed sponge association was compared with coeval sponge assemblages from the Oamaru Diatomite, New Zealand, and with the modern ‘soft’ sponge fauna of southern coastal of Australia. Based on the predominance of shallow- and moderately shallow-water species, the late Eocene assemblage is interpreted to have inhabited waters depths of about 100 m. This contrast with the spicule assemblage from New Zealand, which characterized deeper waters based on the presence of numerous strictly deepwater sponge taxa, and the absence of spicules of shallow-water demosponges represented in the Australian material. The southern Australian Eocene sponge assemblages have clear Tethyan affinities evidenced by the occurrence of sponges known today from diverse regions. This distribution suggests much wider geographical ranges of some sponge taxa during the Eocene. Their present distributions may be relictual. The modern sponge fauna inhabiting southern Australian waters shows only moderate differences from these of the late Eocene. Differences are more pronounced at lower taxonomic levels (family and genus).
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Manasseh, Richard, Kathleen L. McInnes, and Mark A. Hemer. "Pioneering developments of marine renewable energy in Australia." International Journal of Ocean and Climate Systems 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759313116684525.
Full textAbstract:
The history of ocean renewable energy developments in Australia is reviewed. A layperson’s description of the physical operating principle is given for the main classes of technology that have been tested in Australian waters. The Australian marine domain possesses among the world’s most energetic wave-energy resources, driven by powerful mid-latitude westerly winds. The northern coast of Western Australia has tidal ranges significant on a global scale, and some geographical features around the continent have local tidal resonances. The East Australian Current, one of the world’s major western boundary currents, runs along the eastern Australian seaboard, offering potential for ocean-current energy. Sea-water temperatures in the tropical north-east of Australia may permit ocean thermal energy conversion. While this abundance of resources makes Australia an ideal location for technology development, the population is highly concentrated in a few large cities, and transmission infrastructure has developed over a century to supply cities from traditional power plants. Several wave-power developments have resulted in demonstration of deployments in Australian waters, three of which have been grid connected. Trials of tidal devices have also occurred, while other classes of ocean renewable energy have not yet been trialled. The prospects for marine renewable energy in Australia are discussed including non-traditional applications such as coastal protection and energy export.
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NIELSEN, JØRGEN G., JOHN J. POGONOSKI, and SHARON A. APPLEYARD. "Aphyonid-clade species of Australia (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with four species new to Australian waters and a new species of Barathronus." Zootaxa 4564, no. 2 (March 6, 2019): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4564.2.12.
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During voyages in 2017 off southern and southeastern Australia, the Australian Research Vessel Investigator deployed a series of demersal beam trawls to depths of around 5000 metres. Nineteen specimens of the rarely caught aphyonid-clade of the ophidiiform family Bythitidae, representing five species, were caught. Four of these are new to Australian waters: Barathronus pacificus Nielsen and Eagle, 1974 known from the northeastern and southwestern Pacific Ocean, Paraphyonus bolini (Nielsen, 1974) known from the western Indian and western Pacific Oceans, Paraphyonus rassi (Nielsen, 1975) known from the Atlantic Ocean and Sciadonus pedicellaris Garman, 1899, known from the northeastern Atlantic and northeastern and southwestern Pacific Oceans. Also included are Aphyonus gelatinosus Günther, 1878 known from all oceans including ten specimens from Australian waters, Barathronus maculatus Shcherbachev, 1976 known from South Africa to the westernmost Pacific including 13 specimens from Australian waters, Sciadonus longiventralis Nielsen, 2018 known from the holotype collected off New South Wales and finally Barathronus algrahami n. sp. known from the holotype caught off South Australia and four paratypes from off Taiwan and northern Philippines. Close examination of specimens collected during recent voyages combined with recent and ongoing studies by the first author and DNA COI barcoding analysis enabled an assessment of the aphyonid-clade species hitherto recorded from Australian waters. An identification key to the eight aphyonid clade species known from Australian waters is provided.
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Botha, Elizabeth J., Janet M. Anstee, Stephen Sagar, Eric Lehmann, and Thais A. G. Medeiros. "Classification of Australian Waterbodies across a Wide Range of Optical Water Types." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 3018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12183018.
Full textAbstract:
Baseline determination and operational continental scale monitoring of water quality are required for reporting on marine and inland water progress to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This study aims to improve our knowledge of the optical complexity of Australian waters. A workflow was developed to cluster the modelled spectral response of a range of in situ bio-optical observations collected in Australian coastal and continental waters into distinct optical water types (OWTs). Following clustering and merging, most of the modelled spectra and modelled specific inherent optical properties (SIOP) sets were clustered in 11 OWTs, ranging from clear blue coastal waters to very turbid inland lakes. The resulting OWTs were used to classify Sentinel-2 MSI surface reflectance observations extracted over relatively permanent water bodies in three drainage regions in Eastern Australia. The satellite data classification demonstrated clear limnological and seasonal differences in water types within and between the drainage divisions congruent with general limnological, topographical, and climatological factors. Locations of unclassified observations can be used to inform where in situ bio-optical data acquisition may be targeted to capture a more comprehensive characterization of all Australian waters. This can contribute to global initiatives like the SDGs and increases the diversity of natural water in global databases.
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McLean, Jessica, Aleshia Lonsdale, Laura Hammersley, Emily O'Gorman, and Fiona Miller. "Shadow waters: Making Australian water cultures visible." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 43, no. 4 (May 30, 2018): 615–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tran.12248.
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Stanhope, Jessica, Philip Weinstein, and Angus Cook. "Do natural spring waters in Australia and New Zealand affect health? A systematic review." Journal of Water and Health 16, no. 1 (December 14, 2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2017.209.
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Abstract Therapeutic use of spring waters has a recorded history dating back to at least 1550 BC and includes both bathing in and drinking such waters for their healing properties. In Australia and New Zealand the use of therapeutic spring waters is a much more recent phenomenon, becoming a source of health tourism from the late 1800s. We conducted a systematic review aimed at determining the potential health outcomes relating to exposure to Australian or New Zealand natural spring water. We found only low-level evidence of adverse health outcomes relating to this spring water exposure, including fatalities from hydrogen sulphide poisoning, drowning and primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. We found no studies that investigated the therapeutic use of these waters, compared with similar treatment with other types of water. From the broader literature, recommendations have been made, including fencing potentially harmful spring water, and having signage and media messages to highlight the potential harms from spring water exposure and how to mitigate the risks (e.g. not putting your head under water from geothermal springs). Sound research into the potential health benefits of Australian and New Zealand spring waters could provide an evidence base for the growing wellness tourism industry.
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West, John G. "Changing patterns of shark attacks in Australian waters." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 6 (2011): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10181.
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Although infrequent, shark attacks attract a high level of public and media interest, and often have serious consequences for those attacked. Data from the Australian Shark Attack File were examined to determine trends in unprovoked shark attacks since 1900, particularly over the past two decades. The way people use the ocean has changed over time. The rise in Australian shark attacks, from an average of 6.5 incidents per year in 1990–2000, to 15 incidents per year over the past decade, coincides with an increasing human population, more people visiting beaches, a rise in the popularity of water-based fitness and recreational activities and people accessing previously isolated coastal areas. There is no evidence of increasing shark numbers that would influence the rise of attacks in Australian waters. The risk of a fatality from shark attack in Australia remains low, with an average of 1.1 fatalities year–1 over the past 20 years. The increase in shark attacks over the past two decades is consistent with international statistics of shark attacks increasing annually because of the greater numbers of people in the water.
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TAYLOR, JOANNE. "The sand shrimp genus Philocheras (Caridea: Crangonidae) from the continental margin of Western Australia including the description of a new species and a key to Australian species." Zootaxa 2372, no. 1 (February 26, 2010): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.16.
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Eight species of Philocheras (Crustacea: Caridea: Crangonidae) are reported from the Northwest Shelf of Western Australia. One species is new to science Philocheras anthonyi sp. nov. Five species are reported for the first time from Australian waters, P. angustirostris (De Man, 1918), P. incisus (Kemp, 1916), P. japonicus (Doflein, 1902), P. modestus (De Man, 1918) and P. plebs (Kemp, 1916). A range extension within Australia is reported for Philocheras lowisi (Kemp, 1916) and P. planoculminus Bruce, 1994. These records expand the number of Philocheras species previously recorded from Australian waters from ten to 16. A revised key and illustrated guide to the species from Australia is provided.
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Lehnert, K., R. Poulin, and B. Presswell. "Checklist of marine mammal parasites in New Zealand and Australian waters." Journal of Helminthology 93, no. 6 (June 24, 2019): 649–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x19000361.
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AbstractMarine mammals are long-lived top predators with vagile lifestyles, which often inhabit remote environments. This is especially relevant in the oceanic waters around New Zealand and Australia where cetaceans and pinnipeds are considered as vulnerable and often endangered due to anthropogenic impacts on their habitat. Parasitism is ubiquitous in wildlife, and prevalence of parasitic infections as well as emerging diseases can be valuable bioindicators of the ecology and health of marine mammals. Collecting information about parasite diversity in marine mammals will provide a crucial baseline for assessing their impact on host and ecosystem ecology. New studies on marine mammals in New Zealand and Australian waters have recently added to our knowledge of parasite prevalence, life cycles and taxonomic relationships in the Australasian region, and justify a first host–parasite checklist encompassing all available data. The present checklist comprises 36 species of marine mammals, and 114 species of parasites (helminths, arthropods and protozoans). Mammal species occurring in New Zealand and Australian waters but not included in the checklist represent gaps in our knowledge. The checklist thus serves both as a guide for what information is lacking, as well as a practical resource for scientists working on the ecology and conservation of marine mammals.
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GERSHWIN, LISA-ANN, and WOLFGANG ZEIDLER. "Two new jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) from tropical Australian waters." Zootaxa 1764, no. 1 (May 7, 2008): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1764.1.4.
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Two new species of scyphozoan jellyfishes from tropical Australian waters are described. The first, Sanderia pampinosus, n. sp., from waters off northern Western Australia, represents the first record of the genus from Australia. It differs from its only other congener, S. malayensis Goette, 1886, in having: (1) almost double the number of gonadal papillae at about half the body size; (2) horseshoe-shaped gonadal rings; and (3) eradial tentacles that are flattened in the oral-aboral direction and have nematocyst clusters on all sides. The second species, Netrostoma nuda, n. sp., from the Great Barrier Reef region, has been erroneously identified in the past as N. coerulescens. Species distinctions in the genus rely on the number and relative position of warts or papillae on the central dome; in contrast, N. nuda lacks warts and papillae, and instead has a large gelatinous knob at the apex of the bell. A key to the species of Netrostoma is provided, along with a synoptic list of previous reports of scyphozoans in tropical Australian waters.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Australian waters"
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Phillips, Nicole. "Conservation genetics of Pristis sawfishes in Australian waters." Thesis, Phillips, Nicole (2012) Conservation genetics of Pristis sawfishes in Australian waters. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/10513/.
Full textAbstract:
Northern Australia is believed to contain the last ‘viable’ populations of the critically endangered Freshwater Sawfish, Pristis microdon, Dwarf Sawfish, Pristis clavata, and Green Sawfish, Pristis zijsron, making these populations of global significance. Mitochondrial and microsatellite markers were used to investigate the population structure, levels of genetic diversity, and evolutionary history of each of these species in northern Australian waters. Pristis microdon, which utilizes freshwater rivers as juveniles and marine waters as adults, has high levels of mtDNA heterogeneity and no nDNA heterogeneity; indicating that this species has female philopatry coupled with male-biased dispersal in northern Australian waters. The conservation plans for this species should, therefore, place a high priority on the protection of females, pupping grounds, and nursery areas to minimize the risk of extirpation. Conservation plans also need to consider the likelihood that a decline in the abundance of this species in one location could have an effect on its abundance and genetic ‘health’ in other locations via male gene flow. In contrast, P. clavata and P. zijsron, which spend their entire lives in marine and/or estuarine waters, each have heterogeneity in the mtDNA and nDNA markers, suggesting that gene flow in both males and females is restricted at large spatial scales in northern Australian waters. Consequently, the risk of extirpation for each of these species is relatively high since a decline in abundance is unlikely to be replenished by immigration from other locations. Therefore, conservation plans for P. clavata and P. zijsron should place a high priority on the protection of males and females, as well as pupping grounds and nursery areas. Most of the assemblages of each of the Pristis species contained moderate and high levels of diversity in mtDNA and nDNA markers, respectively. This suggests that the prognosis for the short and medium-term survival of each of these species in Australian waters is relatively good, providing that measures are put in place to curb any further declines in abundance. However, the levels of mtDNA diversity in the assemblage of each of P. clavata and P. zijsron in the Gulf of Carpentaria were reduced and, therefore, these assemblages may warrant special conservation status. Finally, the evolutionary histories of the Pristis species in Australian waters have most likely played an important role in shaping the observed patterns of population structure and levels of genetic diversity, however, the relative influence of contemporary versus historic factors on the amount and distribution of genetic variation in each of these species remains somewhat unresolved.
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Lum, Kah Yean. "Chemical and Biological Investigations of Australian Crinoids." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/395558.
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Natural products (NPs) are commonly defined as the secondary metabolites derived from plants, microorganisms, fungi, insects, and marine invertebrates, as the result of adaptation to the environment or as defense mechanisms against predators. Throughout history, the use of NPs has been described in the form of traditional medicines in different cultures for the treatment of ailments. Apart from their role in medicinal applications, the structures of NPs can also act as lead molecules to inspire the design of new drugs. Of the 1562 new approved drugs by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from 1981–2014, 791 (51%) were NPs, NP derivatives or NP-inspired drugs. Since the development of SCUBA in the mid-twentieth century, the marine environment, which contains an incredible diversity of organisms, has been described as the most desired source of NPs for drug discovery research. To date, approximately 35,147 marine natural products (MNPs) had been identified from various organisms, such as marine invertebrates (e.g. sponges, crinoids and ascidians), microorganisms and algae. Many of these MNPs have been found to exhibit a wide variety of pharmaceutically relevant bioactivities, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. There are currently 12 marine-derived compounds that have been approved as therapeutic drugs for the treatment of cancer, viral infections, hypertriglyceridemia, and analgesia; while 27 drug candidates are currently in phase I, II, or III clinical trials. While numerous marine invertebrates have been well explored for bioactive MNPs in the last seven decades, crinoids belong to the phylum Echinodermata remained under investigated for their chemistry. Crinoids are the most primitive group of presentday echinoderms. They are known to produce diverse polyketide-derived pigments, which are not only responsible for their colourful appearance, but also have demonstrated significant activity in a range of biomedical assays. There are approximately 700 crinoid species that have been identified worldwide, however, only 36 species have been chemically investigated and only 91 new compounds have been reported to date. Owing to our continuing research interest on crinoid chemistry, the main aim of this PhD project was to identify new chemistry from crinoids sourced from Australian waters and subsequently screen the isolated compounds in a variety of biological assays. The first crinoid project of this thesis focused on the chemistry of the feather star Capillaster multiradiatus since no studies had been undertaken on this Australian species. Capillasterin A, a novel pyrano[2,3-f]chromene, together with seven known naphthopyrones including comaparvin, TMC-256C1, 6-methoxycomaparvin 5-methyl ether, 5,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-propyl-4H-naphtho[2,3-b]pyran-4-one, 5,8- dihydroxy-6,10-dimethoxy-2-propyl-4H-naphtho[2,3-b]pyran-4-one, TMC-256A1 and 6-methoxycomaparvin were isolated from an EtOH/H2O extract of C. multiradiatus collected by collaborators from the Queensland Museum. The structures of all the compounds were determined by detailed spectroscopic (1D/2D NMR and MS) data analysis. As previous studies demonstrated that HIV gene expression is dependent on the host transcription factor complex NF-B and naphthopyrones were reported to inhibit NF-B signalling pathway, the six known naphthopyrones isolated from this crinoid, together with capillasterin A were screened in an anti-HIV assay. Five known naphthopyrones were observed to display moderate inhibition of in vitro HIV-1 replication in a T cell line with EC50 values ranging from 7.5 to 25.5 μM without concomitant cytotoxicity. The three most abundant compounds, capillasterin A, 6- methoxycomaparvin 5-methyl ether, and TMC-256A1 were also tested for their ability to stimulate the proliferation of GFP-expressing immortalised mouse olfactory ensheathing cells (mOEC) using a cell proliferation assay; none of the compounds showed a significant increase in mOEC viability at 10 μM after 24 hours of treatment. The AIMS Bioresources Library, which consisted of over 3000 marine samples, has recently been transferred to the NatureBank biota repository, which presented us with the opportunity to explore several new crinoid samples from a chemical perspective. Hence, the second PhD project, two AIMS-derived Australian crinoid Comatula rotalaria specimens collected from different locations on the Great Barrier Reef were selected for potential new chemistry, since preliminary UHPLC analysis of these crinoid extracts suggested the presence of new anthraquinone chemistry; only four acyl derivatives of anthraquinones had been identified from this species prior to our studies. Five new taurine-conjugated anthraquinones, named comatulins A−E, together with 11 known metabolites, rhodocomatulin 7-methyl ether, 12-desethylrhodocomatulin 7-methyl ether, rhodocomatulin 5,7-dimethyl ether, 12-desethylrhodocomatulin 5,7-dimethyl ether, rhodocomatulin, rhodolamprometrin, 6-methoxyrhodocomatulin 7-methyl ether, rheoemodin, 6-methoxycomaparvin, 6-methoxycomaparvin 5-methyl ether, and 5,8- dihydroxy-6,10-dimethoxy-2-methyl-4H-benzo[h]chromen-4-one were identified. The structures of all the compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic and spectrometric data analysis. The first X-ray crystal structure of a crinoid-derived acyl anthraquinone, rhodocomatulin 5,7-dimethyl ether, was also obtained. Ten compounds together with two additional naphthopyrone derivatives (comaparvin and 6- methoxycomaparvin 5,8-dimethyl ether) were evaluated for their ability to inhibit HIV-1 replication in vitro; none of the compounds were active at 100 μM. Furthermore, a subset of compounds was tested for their nematocidal activity against Haemonchus contortus, which is a highly pathogenic parasite of small ruminants. The semi-synthetic compound, 6-methoxycomaparvin 5,8-dimethyl ether, showed an inhibitory effect on larval motility (IC50 = 30 μM) and development (IC50 = 31 μM) and induced the eviscerated (Evi) phenotype. In Chapter 4, since none of the crinoid-derived polyketides identified during this PhD had been evaluated for their ability to increase phagocytic activity of human OECs (hOEC), six naphthopyrones and eight anthraquinones were screened using an hOEC phagocytosis assay that has recently been developed by the Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research group. In addition, microthecaline A and its acetylated, methylated and pivaloylated derivatives, together with antimalarial drug amodiaquine obtained from the in-house Davis compound library, were incorporated into the screening. Results from the primary screening demonstrated that four compounds including 6-methoxycomaparvin 5-methyl ether, 5,8-dihydroxy-6,10-dimethoxy-2- methyl-4H-benzo[h]chromen-4-one, comatulin A, and amodiaquine were found to significantly increase the phagocytic activity and the phagocytic efficiency of hOECs. These findings warrant further investigations in the near future to further expand the preliminary biology results and gain insights in compound specificity and potency. Encouraged by our findings in Chapter 3, we developed a dereplication method using UHPLC-MS for the identification of new sulphur-containing metabolites from Australian crinoids, the details of which are described in Chapter 5. The n-BuOH soluble material of 16 crinoids, including the two C. rotalaria samples described in Chapter 3, were subjected to UHPLC-MS profiling using an optimised method. These crinoids were all sourced from Griffith University’s NatureBank biota repository. The generated UHPLC-MS data were analysed based on the characteristic fragment ions of sulphated compounds in conjunction with scientific database mining; SciFinder Scholar and MarinLit databases were used in this particular study. These investigations led to the large-scale extraction and isolation work on the prioritised crinoid Dichrometra flagellata, which resulted in the isolation of a previously undescribed sulphated compound, which we have tentatively assigned as 5,10-dihydroxy-6–methoxy-8- sulphate-2-propyl-4H-naphtho[2,3-b]pyran-4-one. In summary, this thesis describes the isolation of seven new polyketide constituents and 17 known compounds from four crinoids collected from Australian waters. The chemical structures of all compounds were determined by detailed spectroscopic and spectrometric data analysis. Among all the tested crinoid metabolites, comaparvin was the most active compound in an anti-HIV replication assay, with an IC50 of 7.5 ± 1.7 μM; 6-methoxycomaparvin 5,8-dimethyl ether displayed an inhibitory effect on larval motility (IC50 = 30 μM) and development (IC50 = 31 μM), and induced the Evi phenotype in an anthelmintic assay; 6-methoxycomaparvin 5-methyl ether, 5,8- dihydroxy-6,10-dimethoxy-2-methyl-4H-benzo[h]chromen-4-one, and comatulin A significantly increased the phagocytic activity and the phagocytic efficiency of hOECs. All compounds isolated during this PhD project will be deposited into the Davis Open- Access Compound Library, which is located at Compounds Australia, Griffith University. Compounds Australia makes this academic library available for biological evaluations by both local and international researchers. In addition, the UHPLC-MS methodology developed during these studies enabled the rapid identification of new sulphur-containing compounds from n-BuOH soluble material derived from 16 crinoids, which resulted in the isolation of a new sulphated compound from the prioritised crinoid Dichrometra flagellata; this is the first report of NP chemistry from this crinoid genus. These findings further highlight the importance of UHPLC-MS as a dereplication tool in NP research.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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au, Esezmis@murdoch edu, and Ertug Sezmis. "The Population Genetic Structure of Portunus Pelagicus in Australian Waters." Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050421.135525.
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This thesis describes the results of an investigation into the population genetic structure
of the blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus, in Australian waters. P. pelagicus is an
Indo-West Pacific species, with adults and juveniles that inhabit sheltered benthic
coastal environments and a planktonic phase (of modest duration) in its life cycle.
The investigation was done by examining the patterns of variation at six microsatellite
loci and in a 342 bp portion of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in the
mitochondrial DNA in samples of Portunus pelagicus from a total of 16 different
assemblages/waterbodies. Overall, the samples were collected from throughout the
geographical range of this species in Australian waters, i.e. from the western seaboard,
from the eastern seaboard, from Darwin on the north coast and from South Australia on
the south coast. The samples sizes ranged from 4 to 57 individuals, depending on the
sample and the genetic assay. The population genetic structure of P. pelagicus was
analysed from both a traditional population structure perspective and from a
phylogeographical and historical demography perspective.
The traditional assessment of the population genetic structure of Portunus pelagicus
indicates that this species exhibits a significant amount of genetic heterogeneity in
Australian waters (e.g. FST for microsatellite data = 0.098; ¥èST for COI data = 0.375 and
¥ÕST for COI data = 0.492). This assessment also indicates that P. pelagicus exhibits
varying degrees of genetic heterogeneity within and between geographical regions in
Australian waters, as follows. (1) The genetic compositions of the samples from the
different coastlines (i.e. north, south, east and west) invariably showed statistically
significant differences for at least two microsatellite loci, although the differences
between the samples from the eastern seaboard, Darwin and those from the western
seaboard to the north of Port Denison were not as great as those within the western
seaboard samples or within South Australian samples. (2) The genetic compositions of
the samples from the assemblages on the eastern seaboard of Australia, which ranged
from Mackay (21¨¬06¡ÇS) to Port Stephens (32¡Æ40¡ÇS), were essentially homogeneous. (3)
The samples from the assemblages on the western seaboard of Australia, which ranged
from Broome (17¡Æ58¡ÇS) to Geographe Bay (33¡Æ35¡ÇS), exhibited significant levels of
genetic heterogeneity. Furthermore, those from south of Port Denison formed a highly
distinctive (but not invariant) group compared to those from elsewhere. (4) The samples
from South Australia were also highly genetically distinctive compared to those from
elsewhere, although they also showed significant heterogeneity amongst themselves.
The above findings were more or less suggested by both the microsatellite and COI
markers, although the former generally provided a higher resolution picture of the
population structure of P. pelagicus than did the latter.
The main findings of the investigation into the phylogeography and recent demographic
history of Portunus pelagicus in Australian waters were as follows. (1) A phylogeny
constructed from COI sequence variation was shallow, with the lineages showing varied
geographical distributions. (2) The results of a nested clade analysis of this variation
indicate that range expansion has been a predominant influence on the historical
demography of P. pelagicus in Australian waters. (3) The samples from the
assemblages on the western seaboard to the south of Port Denison contained low levels
of genetic diversity, a sub-set of the diversity present in the samples from lower latitude
sites on the western seaboard, and microsatellite-based evidence of having coming from
assemblages that have undergone a bottleneck (or founder effect) followed by an
expansion in size. (4) The samples from the assemblages in South Australia contained
low levels of genetic diversity, phylogenetic affinities with samples from the eastern
seaboard, and microsatellite-based evidence of having coming from assemblages that
have undergone a bottleneck (or founder effect) followed by an expansion in size.
The two major interpretations to stem from the results of this investigation are as
follows. (1) Overall, Portunus pelagicus has undergone a recent (in an evolutionary
sense) range expansion, from a single source, within Australian waters. At a finer-scale,
this species appears to have colonised south-western Australia from a lower latitude
site(s) on the western seaboard and probably colonised South Australia from the
southern margins of its range on the eastern seaboard. Regardless, there has been
limited penetrance of genetic variation into temperate waters on the western seaboard
and into South Australia, presumably due one or more of the barriers to gene flow listed
below. (2) P. pelagicus experiences significant restrictions to gene flow within its
present-day geographical range in Australian waters due to (i) geographic distance per
se; (ii) discontinuities in the distribution of the sheltered coastal environments; (iii)
hydrological barriers to dispersal and (iv) possibly low temperatures in the temperature
margins of the range.
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Sezmis, Ertug. "The population genetic structure of Portunus pelagicus in Australian waters." Sezmis, Ertug (2004) The population genetic structure of Portunus pelagicus in Australian waters. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/301/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes the results of an investigation into the population genetic structure of the blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus, in Australian waters. P. pelagicus is an Indo-West Pacific species, with adults and juveniles that inhabit sheltered benthic coastal environments and a planktonic phase (of modest duration) in its life cycle.
The investigation was done by examining the patterns of variation at six microsatellite loci and in a 342 bp portion of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in the mitochondrial DNA in samples of Portunus pelagicus from a total of 16 different assemblages/waterbodies. Overall, the samples were collected from throughout the geographical range of this species in Australian waters, i.e. from the western seaboard, from the eastern seaboard, from Darwin on the north coast and from South Australia on the south coast. The samples sizes ranged from 4 to 57 individuals, depending on the sample and the genetic assay. The population genetic structure of P. pelagicus was analysed from both a traditional population structure perspective and from a phylogeographical and historical demography perspective.
The traditional assessment of the population genetic structure of Portunus pelagicus indicates that this species exhibits a significant amount of genetic heterogeneity in Australian waters (e.g. FST for microsatellite data = 0.098; [Theta]ST for COI data = 0.375 and [Phi]ST for COI data = 0.492). This assessment also indicates that P. pelagicus exhibits varying degrees of genetic heterogeneity within and between geographical regions in Australian waters, as follows. (1) The genetic compositions of the samples from the different coastlines (i.e. north, south, east and west) invariably showed statistically significant differences for at least two microsatellite loci, although the differences between the samples from the eastern seaboard, Darwin and those from the western seaboard to the north of Port Denison were not as great as those within the western seaboard samples or within South Australian samples. (2) The genetic compositions of the samples from the assemblages on the eastern seaboard of Australia, which ranged from Mackay (21 degrees 06'S) to Port Stephens (32 degrees 40'S), were essentially homogeneous. (3) The samples from the assemblages on the western seaboard of Australia, which ranged from Broome (17 degrees 58'S) to Geographe Bay (33 degrees 35'S), exhibited significant levels of genetic heterogeneity. Furthermore, those from south of Port Denison formed a highly distinctive (but not invariant) group compared to those from elsewhere. (4) The samples from South Australia were also highly genetically distinctive compared to those from elsewhere, although they also showed significant heterogeneity amongst themselves. The above findings were more or less suggested by both the microsatellite and COI markers, although the former generally provided a higher resolution picture of the population structure of P. pelagicus than did the latter.
The main findings of the investigation into the phylogeography and recent demographic history of Portunus pelagicus in Australian waters were as follows. (1) A phylogeny constructed from COI sequence variation was shallow, with the lineages showing varied geographical distributions. (2) The results of a nested clade analysis of this variation indicate that range expansion has been a predominant influence on the historical demography of P. pelagicus in Australian waters. (3) The samples from the assemblages on the western seaboard to the south of Port Denison contained low levels of genetic diversity, a sub-set of the diversity present in the samples from lower latitude sites on the western seaboard, and microsatellite-based evidence of having coming from assemblages that have undergone a bottleneck (or founder effect) followed by an expansion in size. (4) The samples from the assemblages in South Australia contained low levels of genetic diversity, phylogenetic affinities with samples from the eastern seaboard, and microsatellite-based evidence of having coming from assemblages that have undergone a bottleneck (or founder effect) followed by an expansion in size.
The two major interpretations to stem from the results of this investigation are as follows. (1) Overall, Portunus pelagicus has undergone a recent (in an evolutionary sense) range expansion, from a single source, within Australian waters. At a finer-scale, this species appears to have colonised south-western Australia from a lower latitude site(s) on the western seaboard and probably colonised South Australia from the southern margins of its range on the eastern seaboard. Regardless, there has been limited penetrance of genetic variation into temperate waters on the western seaboard and into South Australia, presumably due one or more of the barriers to gene flow listed below. (2) P. pelagicus experiences significant restrictions to gene flow within its present-day geographical range in Australian waters due to (i) geographic distance per se; (ii) discontinuities in the distribution of the sheltered coastal environments; (iii) hydrological barriers to dispersal and (iv) possibly low temperatures in the temperature margins of the range.
5
Sezmiş, Ertuğ. "The population genetic structure of Portunus pelagicus in Australian waters /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050421.135525.
Full text
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Sezmiş, Ertuğ. "The population genetic structure of Portunus pelagicus in Australian waters." Thesis, Sezmiş, Ertuğ (2004) The population genetic structure of Portunus pelagicus in Australian waters. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/301/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes the results of an investigation into the population genetic structure of the blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus, in Australian waters. P. pelagicus is an Indo-West Pacific species, with adults and juveniles that inhabit sheltered benthic coastal environments and a planktonic phase (of modest duration) in its life cycle.
The investigation was done by examining the patterns of variation at six microsatellite loci and in a 342 bp portion of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in the mitochondrial DNA in samples of Portunus pelagicus from a total of 16 different assemblages/waterbodies. Overall, the samples were collected from throughout the geographical range of this species in Australian waters, i.e. from the western seaboard, from the eastern seaboard, from Darwin on the north coast and from South Australia on the south coast. The samples sizes ranged from 4 to 57 individuals, depending on the sample and the genetic assay. The population genetic structure of P. pelagicus was analysed from both a traditional population structure perspective and from a phylogeographical and historical demography perspective.
The traditional assessment of the population genetic structure of Portunus pelagicus indicates that this species exhibits a significant amount of genetic heterogeneity in Australian waters (e.g. FST for microsatellite data = 0.098; [Theta]ST for COI data = 0.375 and [Phi]ST for COI data = 0.492). This assessment also indicates that P. pelagicus exhibits varying degrees of genetic heterogeneity within and between geographical regions in Australian waters, as follows. (1) The genetic compositions of the samples from the different coastlines (i.e. north, south, east and west) invariably showed statistically significant differences for at least two microsatellite loci, although the differences between the samples from the eastern seaboard, Darwin and those from the western seaboard to the north of Port Denison were not as great as those within the western seaboard samples or within South Australian samples. (2) The genetic compositions of the samples from the assemblages on the eastern seaboard of Australia, which ranged from Mackay (21 degrees 06'S) to Port Stephens (32 degrees 40'S), were essentially homogeneous. (3) The samples from the assemblages on the western seaboard of Australia, which ranged from Broome (17 degrees 58'S) to Geographe Bay (33 degrees 35'S), exhibited significant levels of genetic heterogeneity. Furthermore, those from south of Port Denison formed a highly distinctive (but not invariant) group compared to those from elsewhere. (4) The samples from South Australia were also highly genetically distinctive compared to those from elsewhere, although they also showed significant heterogeneity amongst themselves. The above findings were more or less suggested by both the microsatellite and COI markers, although the former generally provided a higher resolution picture of the population structure of P. pelagicus than did the latter.
The main findings of the investigation into the phylogeography and recent demographic history of Portunus pelagicus in Australian waters were as follows. (1) A phylogeny constructed from COI sequence variation was shallow, with the lineages showing varied geographical distributions. (2) The results of a nested clade analysis of this variation indicate that range expansion has been a predominant influence on the historical demography of P. pelagicus in Australian waters. (3) The samples from the assemblages on the western seaboard to the south of Port Denison contained low levels of genetic diversity, a sub-set of the diversity present in the samples from lower latitude sites on the western seaboard, and microsatellite-based evidence of having coming from assemblages that have undergone a bottleneck (or founder effect) followed by an expansion in size. (4) The samples from the assemblages in South Australia contained low levels of genetic diversity, phylogenetic affinities with samples from the eastern seaboard, and microsatellite-based evidence of having coming from assemblages that have undergone a bottleneck (or founder effect) followed by an expansion in size.
The two major interpretations to stem from the results of this investigation are as follows. (1) Overall, Portunus pelagicus has undergone a recent (in an evolutionary sense) range expansion, from a single source, within Australian waters. At a finer-scale, this species appears to have colonised south-western Australia from a lower latitude site(s) on the western seaboard and probably colonised South Australia from the southern margins of its range on the eastern seaboard. Regardless, there has been limited penetrance of genetic variation into temperate waters on the western seaboard and into South Australia, presumably due one or more of the barriers to gene flow listed below. (2) P. pelagicus experiences significant restrictions to gene flow within its present-day geographical range in Australian waters due to (i) geographic distance per se; (ii) discontinuities in the distribution of the sheltered coastal environments; (iii) hydrological barriers to dispersal and (iv) possibly low temperatures in the temperature margins of the range.
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O'Bree, Terry Adam, and s9907681@student rmit edu au. "Investigations of light scattering by Australian natural waters for remote sensing applications." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080110.140055.
Full textAbstract:
Remote sensing is the collection of information about an object from a distance without physically being in contact with it. The type of remote sensing of interest here is in the form of digital images of water bodies acquired by satellite. The advantage over traditional sampling techniques is that data can be gathered quickly over large ranges, and be available for immediate analysis. Remote sensing is a powerful technique for the monitoring of water bodies. To interpret the remotely sensed data, however, knowledge of the optical properties of the water constituents is needed. One of the most important of these is the volume scattering function, which describes the angular distribution of light scattered by a sample. This thesis presents the first measurements of volume scattering functions for Australian waters. Measurements were made on around 40 different samples taken from several locations in the Gippsland lakes and the Great Barrier Reef. The measurements were made by modifying an existing static light scattering spectrometer in order to accurately measure the volume scattering functions. The development of the apparatus, its calibration and automation, and the application of a complex series of post-acquisition data corrections, are all discussed. In order to extrapolate the data over the full angular range, the data was analysed using theoretical curves calculated for multi-modal size distributions using Mie light scattering theory applied to each data set. From the Mie fits the scattering and backscattering coefficients were calculated. These were compared with scattering coefficients measured using in situ sensors ac-9 and Hydroscat-6, and with values from the literature. The effect of chlorophyll a concentrations on the scattering coefficients was examined, and a brief investigation of the polarisation properties of the samples was also undertaken. Finally the angular effects on the relationship between the backscattering coefficient and the volume scattering function were investigated. This is important as in situ backscattering sensors often assume that measuring at a single fixed-angle is a good approximation for calculating the backscattering coefficient. This assumption is tested, and the optimal measurement angle determined.
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Buckley, David, and n/a. "Sediment quality guidelines for Australian waters : a framework for development and use." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060619.163639.
Full textAbstract:
The Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) and the Agriculture and Resource Management Council of
Australia and New Zealand (ARMCANZ) have announced that the 1997
review of the Australian Water Quality Guidelines will include for the first time,
consideration of sediment quality guidelines. For this reason, it is timely to
review the methods for establishing such guidelines, and the manner in which
they could be used in managing the quality of sediments in Australian rivers,
lakes and drainage systems.
In this thesis, the problem of the development of sediment quality guidelines is
introduced and basic questions relating to the development of such guidelines
are addressed. The importance of sediment monitoring and sediment quality
assessment in aquatic ecosystem management is demonstrated, and the role of
sediment quality guidelines in the process of sediment quality assessment is
discussed. The arguments considered in this thesis are illustrated by specific
reference to the setting and use of sediment quality guidelines for heavy metal
contamination.
A number of physico-chemical factors (grain size distribution, pH, redox
potential, alkalinity and hardness, salinity, organic matter) can affect the
bioavailability and toxicity of contaminants in sediments, and these factors may
vary spatially and temporally within and between sediment deposits. Changes
in physico-chemical conditions as a result of natural or anthropogenic
processes may lead to major changes in bioavailability of sediment
contaminants. The variability of these physico-chemical factors has
ramifications for the way in which sediment quality guidelines are derived and
used.
Factors affecting the way in which toxicity is measured (test species chosen,
toxicological end-point measured, duration of test relative to life-cycle), and
toxicity data is interpreted, are also important to the development of useful
sediment quality guidelines. All of these factors must be taken into account in
deriving sediment quality guidelines for Australian conditions.
The large number of factors affecting the sensitivity and efficiency of sediment
quality guidelines means that a simple set of numerical guidelines, as has been
used in the past, is not appropriate. A multi-step assessment procedure will be
required.
Methods of setting sediment quality guidelines that have been used by
authorities in overseas jurisdictions were reviewed. Advantages and
disadvantages of the various methods were compared. None of the methods
used overseas has been shown to be applicable to Australian conditions. In the
absence of a suitable method for deriving Australian sediment quality guidelines
in the short term, the adoption of the Canadian Interim Sediment Quality
Guidelines as interim sediment quality guidelines for Australia is recommended.
Sediment quality guidelines need to be viewed in the context of the overall
environmental management process, of which they form an integral part. The
policy background to environmental management in Australia, and the
management frameworks that have been put in place to implement the policy,
are outlined. The AS/NZS/ISO 14000 series of standards for environmental
management systems provides a framework which is consistent with the
principles and objectives of environmental management in Australia. It
therefore provides an appropriate framework within which to develop and use
sediment quality guidelines.
Within the broad AS/NZS/ISO 14000 policy, a framework for the
development and use of sediment quality guidelines is proposed, which will
provide a technically and legally defensible basis for the management of aquatic
sediments in Australia, in the short term and long term. The proposed
framework involves the setting of Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines for
Australia, based on the best scientific knowledge currently available. The
framework recognises that the factors affecting the bioavailability and toxicity
of sediment contaminants are complex, and that the current level of knowledge
of sediment processes is incomplete. Therefore, a conservative approach to
setting guidelines is taken, and a highly sensitive guideline based on that used in
Canada, is proposed. The framework further recognises that this approach will
lead to over protection of the environment in some cases, so a "Decision
Tree" approach is taken. The "decision tree" allows the consideration of more
complex interactions than can be incorporated into simple numeric guidelines,
while attempting to simplify the assessment process. In keeping with the ISO
14000 series of standards for environmental management, the framework also
explicitly includes steps designed to ensure that monitoring data are regularly
collated, and analysed, and where necessary, guidelines are able to be updated
in light of new knowledge gleaned from the review process.
The proposed framework is appropriate to, and supportive of, the principles of
environmental management as set out in Australian Government policy
documents, inter governmental and international agreements, and legislation.
It provides a basis for the on-going collection of data suited to increasing our
understanding of the factors influencing the behaviour of contaminants in
sediments, and thereby lead to continual improvement in sediment quality
guidelines for use in Australian conditions.
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Brown, Alex. "The conservation biology of tropical inshore dolphins in north-western Australian waters." Thesis, Brown, Alex (2016) The conservation biology of tropical inshore dolphins in north-western Australian waters. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/30114/.
Full textAbstract:
Concerns exist over the vulnerability of tropical inshore dolphin populations in waters off northern Australia to anthropogenic impacts, yet a lack of data precludes assessment of their conservation status and the management of threats. Three species occur in shallow, nearshore waters: the Australian snubfin (Orcaella heinsohni), Australian humpback (Sousa sahulensis) and Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus). In this thesis, I provide: i) quantitative data on the abundance and site fidelity of all three species at five sites in north-western Australia; (ii) an examination of population genetic structure in snubfin and humpback dolphins; (iii) a sex-specific investigation of the social structure of one population of snubfin dolphins; and, (iv) an analysis of sex- and geographic-differences in dorsal fin features of humpback dolphins. The abundance of each species was highly variable across the five c. 130 km2 study sites surveyed. While the estimated abundance of most species was ≤ 60 individuals, and fewer than 20 humpback dolphins were identified at each site in any one sampling period, larger estimates of c. 130 snubfin and c. 160 bottlenose dolphins were obtained at two different sites. Several local populations showed evidence of site fidelity, particularly snubfin dolphins. Mitochondrial and microsatellite data revealed significant genetic differentiation of local populations separated by geographic distances of >200 km, suggesting that snubfin and humpback dolphins may exist as metapopulations of small, predominantly isolated population fragments, and should be managed accordingly. Additionally, genetic data revealed the first documented case of hybridisation between a snubfin and a humpback dolphin. I documented pronounced sex-differences in individual sociability within a small population of snubfin dolphins: males formed stronger, longer-lasting associations and were far more gregarious than females. Associations were not correlated to genetic relatedness for either sex. Based on a quantitative analysis of dorsal fin images of a sample of humpback dolphins of known sex from north-western and north-eastern Australia, I revealed that the sex of adult individuals could be distinguished with a high level of accuracy (97%) based on dorsal fin features. Additionally, significant differences in dorsal fin colouration between the two regions suggested some level of population structure. Overall, these results extend the geographic scope of quantitative population data on Australia’s tropical inshore dolphins into the western third of their distribution, and provide valuable data to inform their conservation and management both within this region and throughout northern Australia.
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Fawcett, James. "Muddy Waters: A Molecular Approach to Clarifying Freshwater Mussel Diversity in Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367764.
Full textAbstract:
Historically, when the terms “conservation, threatened, endangered or extinct” were used, it was in reference to vertebrate animal species. Funding for conservation and policy implementation for protection of invertebrates has historically been difficult, even though 95% of all animal species are invertebrates and are an important component of many ecosystems. Human impact on the earth has influenced the natural population structure of many organisms, through habitat destruction, fragmentation and degradation. Issues that affect population structure and dispersal are heightened when that species is confined to a specific range or habitat. This is especially paramount for aquatic organisms with the slightest change in weather pattern, damage to riparian zones or the stream environment, or alteration to stream engineering and water flow resulting in significant impacts to the stream biota. Freshwater mussels are organisms that have been found to be seriously affected by changes to stream conditions. Because mussels filter the water column, they are generally the first group of animals to react if contaminants enter a system and as a result freshwater mussels are considered by many scientific and government agencies worldwide as key indicator species for stream health assessments. Freshwater mussel conservation is a relatively unexplored field within Australia and little is known about mussel recruitment and patterns of population connectivity. Mussel taxonomy in Australia is based entirely on shell morphology, although local environmental conditions have been shown to have significant effects on shell morphology. Therefore, basing taxonomy purely on shell morphological characteristics may not to be systematically meaningful. Before effective conservation measures can be implemented within Australia, clarification of contemporary mussel diversity is required.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Books on the topic "Australian waters"
1
Middleton, Kate. Ephemeral waters. Artarmon, NSW: Giramondo Publishing, 2013.
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2
Edgar, Graham J. Australian marine habitats in temperate waters. Sydney: Reed New Holland, 2001.
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3
Poulos, Peter. He who drinks the waters of the Nile shall return. Brisbane, Qld: Boolarong Publications, 1993.
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4
Institute of Marine Engineers. Sydney Branch., ed. Workhorses in Australian waters: A history of marine engineering in Australia. Wahroonga, NSW: Turton & Armstrong, 1987.
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5
Dawson, R. F. Taiwanese clam boat fishing in Australian waters. Nathan, Australia: Centre for the Study of Australian-Asian Relations, School of Modern Asian Studies, Griffith University, 1985.
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Gill, Peter. Whale watching in Australian & New Zealand waters. Sydney, Australia: New Holland Publishers, 1999.
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7
r, Caiseal Mo. The meeting of the waters. New York: Pocket Books, 2002.
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8
Lind, L. J. Toku-tai: Japanese submarine operations in Australian waters. [Kenthurst, NSW?]: Kangaroo Press, 1992.
Find full text
9
Jones, Diana S. A field guide to crustaceans of Australian waters. 2nd ed. Sydney: Reed New Holland, 2002.
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10
Johnson, Dianne. Sacred waters: The story of the Blue Mountains Gully traditional owners. New South Wales, Australia: Halstead Press, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Australian waters"
1
New, Tim R. "Australian Inland Waters." In Insect conservation and Australia’s Inland Waters, 19–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57008-8_3.
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Blewitt, Michelle (Lemon). "Dolphin - human interactions in Australian waters." In Too close for comfort, 197–210. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2008.024.
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Arthington, A. H. "Introduced Cichlid Fish in Australian Inland Waters." In Limnology in Australia, 239–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4820-4_14.
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Greenaway, P. "Salt and Water Balance in the Fauna of Australian Athalassic Waters." In Limnology in Australia, 193–206. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4820-4_11.
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Connell, D. W. "Ecotoxicology of Lipophilic Pollutants in Australian Inland Waters." In Limnology in Australia, 573–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4820-4_36.
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Wolanski, Eric, and Peter Ridd. "Mixing and Trapping in Australian Tropical Coastal Waters." In Residual Currents and Long-term Transport, 165–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9061-9_13.
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Wolanski, Erik, and Peter Ridd. "Mixing and trapping in Australian tropical coastal waters." In Coastal and Estuarine Studies, 165–83. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ce038p0165.
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Smith, Matt. "“A Credible Officer Befallen by Circumstance?” Captain Allen Charles Waters Kingston." In Australian War Graves Workers and World War One, 95–110. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0849-3_6.
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McCauley, Robert D., Douglas H. Cato, and Alec J. Duncan. "Regional Variations and Trends in Ambient Noise: Examples from Australian Waters." In The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II, 687–96. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_83.
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Jennings, Mark. "Turbulent Waters: Australian Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity and Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Change Efforts." In Happy: LGBTQ+ Experiences of Australian Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity, 135–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20144-8_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Australian waters"
1
Christensen, David, and Andrew Re. "Is Australia Prepared for the Decommissioning Challenge? A Regulator's Perspective." In SPE Symposium: Decommissioning and Abandonment. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208483-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) is Australia's independent expert regulator for health and safety, structural (well) integrity and environmental management for all offshore oil and gas operations and greenhouse gas storage activities in Australian waters, and in coastal waters where regulatory powers and functions have been conferred. The Australian offshore petroleum industry has been in operation since the early 1960s and currently has approximately 57 platforms, 11 floating facilities, 3,500km of pipelines and 1000 wells in operation. Many offshore facilities are now approaching the end of their operational lives and it is estimated that over the next 50 years decommissioning of this infrastructure will cost more than US$40.5 billion. Decommissioning is a normal and inevitable stage in the lifetime of an offshore petroleum project that should be planned from the outset and matured throughout the life of operations. While only a few facilities have been decommissioned in Australian waters, most of Australia's offshore infrastructure is now more than 20 years old and entering a phase where they require extra attention and close maintenance prior to decommissioning. When the NOGA group of companies entered liquidation in 2020 and the Australian Government took control of decommissioning the Laminaria and Corallina field development it became evident that there were some fundamental gaps in relation to decommissioning in the Australian offshore petroleum industry. There are two key focus areas that require attention. Firstly, regulatory reform including policy change and modification to regulatory practice. Secondly, the development of visible and robust decommissioning plans by Industry titleholders. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance and benefit of adopting good practice when planning for decommissioning throughout the life cycle of a petroleum project. Whilst not insurmountable, the closing of these gaps will ensure that Australia is well placed to deal with the decommissioning challenge facing the industry in the next 50 years.
2
Klonowski, Wojciech M., Mervyn J. Lynch, Peter R. C. S. Fearns, and L. Clementson. "Hyperspectral remote sensing of Western Australian coastal waters." In Optical Science and Technology, SPIE's 48th Annual Meeting, edited by Robert J. Frouin, Gary D. Gilbert, and Delu Pan. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.512190.
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O’Neill, Lee, Geoff Cole, and Beverley Ronalds. "Development of a Decommissioning Cost Model for Australian Offshore Platforms." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67367.
Full textAbstract:
Experience has shown that regional factors can contribute to significant variability in decommissioning costs for offshore platforms. Nevertheless, previous studies aimed at estimating decommissioning costs have been valuable inputs for operators, regulators and decommissioning contractors as they develop abandonment and decommissioning strategies and public policy. Estimated costs associated with decommissioning offshore oil and gas platforms in Australia have not been reported widely in the open literature. This paper summarises the physical and regulatory environment in Australia, and develops a cost model which reflects the decommissioning challenges for fixed platforms in this remote region. This cost model could be readily applied to other remote petroleum provinces provided that mobilization times and the nature of the local ocean environment are known. The total cost of decommissioning all 39 current fixed platforms in Australian waters is estimated to be between US$845 and US$1044 million.
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Rees, Simon M., Jacqueline Staromlynska, Michael Gillyon, and Julianne R. Davy. "High-performance optical filter for the Australian laser airborne depth sounder." In CIS Selected Papers: Laser Remote Sensing of Natural Waters--From Theory to Practice, edited by Victor I. Feigels and Yurij I. Kopilevich. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.258344.
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Xia, Jinzhu, and Reza Taghipour. "Feasibility of TLP with Tender Assisted Drilling for Northwest Australian Waters - A Case Study." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/23247-ms.
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Hegvold, L. W. "Urban Design Directions for Austrailia." In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.36.
Full textAbstract:
Australia is an island continent with an essentially linear distribution of population. Approximately 90% of its people are located in 12 main urban centres spread along 30,000 km of coastline. In a recently published book entitles “The Coast Dwellers” by Australian architect and writer Philip Drew (1994), Drew sees Australians as quintessential “verandah people” sitting on the edge of our continent. He feels that those who see Australians in the “Crocodile Dundee” image are missing the point; that nearly all ofus live on the edge communing with the lifegiving sea rather than with the dead heart of the country. He puts forward evidence that seven out of ten Australians live in the narrow corridor of land on the eastern coast between the mountain range and the ocean, one in fifteen Australians lives within fifteen minutes drive of the beach, and most of the rest of the population live within one hour’s drive of the water.
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McAtee, Brendon K., Mervyn J. Lynch, and Alexei Kouzoubov. "Measurement and modeling of water-leaving radiance and the optical properties of marine environments typical of case 2 waters: Western Australian experiences." In Optical Science and Technology, SPIE's 48th Annual Meeting, edited by Robert J. Frouin, Gary D. Gilbert, and Delu Pan. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.510680.
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Waggit, Peter W., and Alan R. Hughes. "History of Groundwater Chemistry Changes (1979–2001) at the Nabarlek Uranium Mine, Australia." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4640.
Full textAbstract:
The Nabarlek uranium mine is located in the Alligator Rivers Region of the Northern Territory of Australia. The site lies in the wet/dry topics with an annual rainfall of about 1400mm, which falls between October and April. The site operated as a “no release” mine and mill between 1979 and 1988 after which time the facility was mothballed until decommissioning was required by the Supervising Authorities in 1994. The dismantling of the mill and rehabilitation earthworks were completed in time for the onset of the 1995–96 wet season. During the operational phase accumulation of excess water resulted in irrigation of waste water being allowed in areas of natural forest bushland. The practice resulted in adverse impacts being observed, including a high level of tree deaths in the forest and degradation of water quality in both ground and surface waters in the vicinity. A comprehensive environmental monitoring programme was in place throughout the operating and rehabilitation phases of the mine’s life, which continues, albeit at a reduced level. Revegetation of the site, including the former irrigation areas, is being observed to ascertain if the site can be handed back to the Aboriginal Traditional Owners. A comprehensive review of proximal water sampling points was undertaken in 2001 and the data used to provide a snapshot of water quality to assist with modelling the long term prognosis for the water resources in the area. While exhibiting detectable effects of mining activities, water in most of the monitoring bores now meets Australian drinking water guideline levels. The paper reviews the history of the site and examines the accumulated data on water quality for the site to show how the situation is changing with time. The paper also presents an assessment of the long term future of the site in respect of water quality.
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Mahony, Alison, and Justin Scarr. "1B.002 Reducing drowning in Australia: analysing progress against the Australian water safety strategy." In Virtual Pre-Conference Global Injury Prevention Showcase 2021 – Abstract Book. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-safety.5.
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Nourani, A., S. Irfani, and H. M. Vosoughifar. "Water resources management in Australia during drought." In WATER AND SOCIETY 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ws110461.
Full textReports on the topic "Australian waters"
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Przeslawski, Rachel, and Scott Foster, eds. Field manuals for marine sampling to monitor Australian waters. National Environmental Science Programme, Marine Biodiversity Hub, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/9781925297669.
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Przeslawski, R., and S. Foster. Field manuals for marine sampling to monitor Australian waters, version 2. National Environmental Science Program, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/9781925848755.
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Marshall, Amber, Krystle Turner, Carol Richards, Marcus Foth, Michael Dezuanni, and Tim Neale. A case study of human factors of digital AgTech adoption: Condamine Plains, Darling Downs. Queensland University of Technology, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227177.
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As global agricultural production methods and supply chains have become more digitised, farmers around the world are adopting digital AgTech such as drones, Internet of Things (IoT), remote sensors, blockchain, and satellite imagery to inform their on-farm decision-making. While early adopters and technology advocates globally are spruiking and realising the benefits of digital AgTech, many Australian farmers are reluctant or unable to participate fully in the digital economy. This is an important issue, as the Australian Government has said that digital farming is essential to meeting its target of agriculture being a $100billion industry by 2030. Most studies of AgTech adoption focus on individual-level barriers, yielding well-documented issues such as access to digital connectivity, availability of AgTech suppliers, non-use of ICTs, and cost-benefit for farmers. In contrast, our project took an ‘ecosystems’ approach to study cotton farmers in the Darling Downs region in Queensland, Australia who are installing water sensors, satellite imagery, and IoT plant probes to generate data to be aggregated on a dashboard to inform decision-making. We asked our farmers to map their local ecosystem, and then set up interviewing different stakeholders (such technology providers, agronomists, and suppliers) to understand how community-level orientations to digital agriculture enabled and constrained on-farm adoption. We identified human factors of digital AgTech adoption at the macro, regional and farm levels, with a pronounced ‘data divide’ between farm and community level stakeholders within the ecosystem. This ‘data divide’ is characterised by a capability gap between the provision of the devices and software that generate data by technology companies, and the ability of farmers to manage, implement, use, and maintain them effectively and independently. In the Condamine Plains project, farmers were willing and determined to learn new, advanced digital and data literacy skills. Other farmers in different circumstances may not see value in such an undertaking or have the necessary support to take full advantage of the technologies once they are implemented. Moreover, there did not seem to be a willingness or capacity in the rest of the ecosystem to fill this gap. The work raises questions about the type and level of new, digital expertise farmers need to attain in the transition to digital farming, and what interventions are necessary to address the significant barriers to adoption and effective use that remain in rural communities. By holistically considering how macro- and micro-level factors may be combined with community-level influences, this study provides a more complete and holistic account of the contextualised factors that drive or undermine digital AgTech adoption on farms in rural communities. This report provides insights and evidence to inform strategies for rural ecosystems to transition farms to meet the requirements and opportunities of Agriculture 4.0 in Australia and abroad.
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Grafton, R. Quentin, Clay Landry, Gary Libecap, and Robert O'Brien. Water Markets: Australia's Murray-Darling Basin and the US Southwest. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15797.
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Hostetler, S. D., E. E. Slatter, A. A. McPherson, K. P. Tan, D. J. McInnes, J. D. H. Wischusen, and J. H. Ellis. A multidisciplinary geoscientific approach to support water resilience in communities in Central Australia. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/133646.
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Grafton, R. Quentin, Clay Landry, Gary Libecap, Sam McGlennon, and Robert O'Brien. An Integrated Assessment of Water Markets: Australia, Chile, China, South Africa and the USA. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16203.
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Bongomin, Godfrey, Chelsea Huggett, Juhi Jain, Sunetra Lala, Relvie Poilapa, Elis Lee, Chloe Morrison, Novika Noerdiyanti, Rosie Sanderson, and Proshanto Roy. Emerging Practice for the Engagement of Men and Boys in WASH, Frontiers 20. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2022.005.
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This document accompanies Frontiers of Sanitation: Engaging men for gender transformative WASH, Part 2, which explores the extent to which engaging men and boys in WASH processes is leading to transformative change in gender roles, attitudes, and sustainable change in reducing gender inequalities across households, communities, organisations, and policy. Practical examples are presented here from Uganda, Zambia, Timor-Leste, Papua NewGuinea (PNG), Solomon Islands, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Vanuatu,and Nepal. Each of these examples, all of which are from projects funded by the Australian Government’s Water for Women Fund, describe interventions that employed different gender-transformative approaches to engage with and reach men and boys. They also describe the projects’ successes and challenges.
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Mayfield, Colin. Higher Education in the Water Sector: A Global Overview. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/guxy9244.
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Higher education related to water is a critical component of capacity development necessary to support countries’ progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) overall, and towards the SDG6 water and sanitation goal in particular. Although the precise number is unknown, there are at least 28,000 higher education institutions in the world. The actual number is likely higher and constantly changing. Water education programmes are very diverse and complex and can include components of engineering, biology, chemistry, physics, hydrology, hydrogeology, ecology, geography, earth sciences, public health, sociology, law, and political sciences, to mention a few areas. In addition, various levels of qualifications are offered, ranging from certificate, diploma, baccalaureate, to the master’s and doctorate (or equivalent) levels. The percentage of universities offering programmes in ‘water’ ranges from 40% in the USA and Europe to 1% in subSaharan Africa. There are no specific data sets available for the extent or quality of teaching ‘water’ in universities. Consequently, insights on this have to be drawn or inferred from data sources on overall research and teaching excellence such as Scopus, the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, the Times Higher Education, the Ranking Web of Universities, the Our World in Data website and the UN Statistics Division data. Using a combination of measures of research excellence in water resources and related topics, and overall rankings of university teaching excellence, universities with representation in both categories were identified. Very few universities are represented in both categories. Countries that have at least three universities in the list of the top 50 include USA, Australia, China, UK, Netherlands and Canada. There are universities that have excellent reputations for both teaching excellence and for excellent and diverse research activities in water-related topics. They are mainly in the USA, Europe, Australia and China. Other universities scored well on research in water resources but did not in teaching excellence. The approach proposed in this report has potential to guide the development of comprehensive programmes in water. No specific comparative data on the quality of teaching in water-related topics has been identified. This report further shows the variety of pathways which most water education programmes are associated with or built in – through science, technology and engineering post-secondary and professional education systems. The multitude of possible institutions and pathways to acquire a qualification in water means that a better ‘roadmap’ is needed to chart the programmes. A global database with details on programme curricula, qualifications offered, duration, prerequisites, cost, transfer opportunities and other programme parameters would be ideal for this purpose, showing country-level, regional and global search capabilities. Cooperation between institutions in preparing or presenting water programmes is currently rather limited. Regional consortia of institutions may facilitate cooperation. A similar process could be used for technical and vocational education and training, although a more local approach would be better since conditions, regulations and technologies vary between relatively small areas. Finally, this report examines various factors affecting the future availability of water professionals. This includes the availability of suitable education and training programmes, choices that students make to pursue different areas of study, employment prospects, increasing gender equity, costs of education, and students’ and graduates’ mobility, especially between developing and developed countries. This report aims to inform and open a conversation with educators and administrators in higher education especially those engaged in water education or preparing to enter that field. It will also benefit students intending to enter the water resources field, professionals seeking an overview of educational activities for continuing education on water and government officials and politicians responsible for educational activities
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Heitman, Joshua L., Alon Ben-Gal, Thomas J. Sauer, Nurit Agam, and John Havlin. Separating Components of Evapotranspiration to Improve Efficiency in Vineyard Water Management. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594386.bard.
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Vineyards are found on six of seven continents, producing a crop of high economic value with much historic and cultural significance. Because of the wide range of conditions under which grapes are grown, management approaches are highly varied and must be adapted to local climatic constraints. Research has been conducted in the traditionally prominent grape growing regions of Europe, Australia, and the western USA, but far less information is available to guide production under more extreme growing conditions. The overarching goal of this project was to improve understanding of vineyard water management related to the critical inter-row zone. Experiments were conducted in moist temperate (North Carolina, USA) and arid (Negev, Israel) regions in order to address inter-row water use under high and low water availability conditions. Specific objectives were to: i) calibrate and verify a modeling technique to identify components of evapotranspiration (ET) in temperate and semiarid vineyard systems, ii) evaluate and refine strategies for excess water removal in vineyards for moist temperate regions of the Southeastern USA, and iii) evaluate and refine strategies for water conservation in vineyards for semi-arid regions of Israel. Several new measurement and modeling techniques were adapted and assessed in order to partition ET between favorable transpiration by the grapes and potentially detrimental water use within the vineyard inter-row. A micro Bowen ratio measurement system was developed to quantify ET from inter-rows. The approach was successful at the NC site, providing strong correlation with standard measurement approaches and adding capability for continuous, non-destructive measurement within a relatively small footprint. The environmental conditions in the Negev site were found to limit the applicability of the technique. Technical issues are yet to be solved to make this technique sufficiently robust. The HYDRUS 2D/3D modeling package was also adapted using data obtained in a series of intense field campaigns at the Negev site. The adapted model was able to account for spatial variation in surface boundary conditions, created by diurnal canopy shading, in order to accurately calculate the contribution of interrow evaporation (E) as a component of system ET. Experiments evaluated common practices in the southeastern USA: inter-row cover crops purported to reduce water availability and thereby favorably reduce grapevine vegetative growth; and southern Israel: drip irrigation applied to produce a high value crop with maximum water use efficiency. Results from the NC site indicated that water use by the cover crop contributed a significant portion of vineyard ET (up to 93% in May), but that with ample rainfall typical to the region, cover crop water use did little to limit water availability for the grape vines. A potential consequence, however, was elevated below canopy humidity owing to the increased inter-row evapotranspiration associated with the cover crops. This creates increased potential for fungal disease occurrence, which is a common problem in the region. Analysis from the Negev site reveals that, on average, E accounts for about10% of the total vineyard ET in an isolated dripirrigated vineyard. The proportion of ET contributed by E increased from May until just before harvest in July, which could be explained primarily by changes in weather conditions. While non-productive water loss as E is relatively small, experiments indicate that further improvements in irrigation efficiency may be possible by considering diurnal shading effects on below canopy potential ET. Overall, research provided both scientific and practical outcomes including new measurement and modeling techniques, and new insights for humid and arid vineyard systems. Research techniques developed through the project will be useful for other agricultural systems, and the successful synergistic cooperation amongst the research team offers opportunity for future collaboration.
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Upton, Erin. Understanding Institutional, Social, and Ecological Systems Influencing Climate Change Adaptation and Water Governance in Wine Regions: A Comparative Case Study of Oregon's Willamette Valley, USA and Tasmania, Australia. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7393.
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