Journal articles: 'Australian sugar industry'

1

Pini, Barbara. "Managerial Masculinities in the Australian Sugar Industry." Rural Society 14, no. 1 (January 2004): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/rsj.351.14.1.22.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Affeldt, Stefanie. "The Burden of ‘White’ Sugar: Producing and Consuming Whiteness in Australia." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 52, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 439–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2017-0020.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This article investigates the history of the Queensland cane sugar industry and its cultural and political relations. It explores the way the sugar industry was transformed from an enterprise drawing on the traditional plantation crop cultivated by an unfree labour force and employing workers into an industry that was an important, symbolical element of ‘White Australia’ that was firmly grounded in the cultural, political, nationalist, and racist reasoning of the day. The demographic and social changes drew their incitement and legitimation from the ‘White Australia’ culture that was represented in all social strata. Australia was geographically remote but culturally close to the mother country and was assigned a special position as a lone outpost of Western culture. This was aggravated by scenarios of allegedly imminent invasions by the surrounding Asian powers, which further urged cane sugar’s transformation from a ‘black’ to a ‘white man’s industry’. As a result, during the sugar strikes of the early 20th century, the white Australian sugar workers were able to emphasize their ‘whiteness’ to press for improvements in wages and working conditions. Despite being a matter of constant discussion, the public acceptance of the ‘white sugar campaign’ was reflected by the high consumption of sugar. Moreover, the industry was lauded for its global uniqueness and its significance to the Australian nation. Eventually, the ‘burden’ of ‘white sugar’ was a monetary, but even more so moral support of an industry that was supposed to provide a solution to population politics, support the national defence, and symbolize the technological advancement and durability of the ‘white race’ in a time of crisis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Chowdhury, Sadia A., Shalona R. Anuj, James F. Carter, Natasha L. Hungerford, Dennis Webber, Yasmina Sultanbawa, and Mary T. Fletcher. "A New Method for the Authentication of Australian Honey." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036112.

Full text

Abstract:

The honey bee industry in Australia is small but has a big impact on both producers and consumers. Alarmingly, it has been recently reported that an international laboratory, specializing in honey authentication, found that almost half of the 28 blended and imported honey samples selected from Australian supermarket shelves were “adulterated”. The Official method of honey analysis (AOAC 998.12) is based on the stable-isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis of δ13C value of honey versus δ13C of honey protein to detect the addition of C4 plant derived sugars, such as cane sugar or high fructose corn syrup. This method is used as the primary C4 sugar adulteration test around the world, but honey derived from some Australian plants, particularly Manuka (Leptospermum species), fails this process. Our research aims to examine the characteristics of Australian honey and develop a test that is fit for purpose, particularly where honeys derived from Leptospermum species are concerned. We have focused on the isotopic values of “proteins” precipitated using the standard AOAC method and “proteins” precipitated after incorporation of a further modification step which removes insoluble material (including pollen) from the honey before precipitation. Our modified method includes the analysis of different isotopes of the precipitated protein, sugar profiles and Manuka markers. A key advantage of the proposed modification is that it does not preclude the detection of residual sugar feeding of bees or extension of honey with C4 sugar. The proposed modification to the AOAC test will reduce false identification of C4 sugars and improve the overall reliability of Australian honey authentication.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Sexton, Justin, Yvette Everingham, and Bertrand Timbal. "Harvest disruption projections for the Australian sugar industry." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 7, no. 1 (March 16, 2015): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-03-2013-0018.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the effects of climate change on harvestability for sugarcane-growing regions situated between mountain ranges and the narrow east Australian coastline. Design/methodology/approach – Daily rainfall simulations from 11 general circulation models (GCMs) were downscaled for seven Australian sugarcane regions (1961:2000). Unharvestable days were calculated from these 11 GCMs and compared to interpolated observed data. The historical downscaled GCM simulations were then compared to simulations under low (B1) and high (A2) emissions scenarios for the period of 2046-2065. The 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles of paired model differences were assessed using 95 per cent bootstrapped confidence intervals. Findings – A decrease in the number of unharvestable days for the Burdekin (winter/spring) and Bundaberg (winter) regions and an increase for the Herbert region (spring) were plausible under the A2 scenario. Spatial plots identified variability within regions. Northern and southern regions were more variable than central regions. Practical implications – Changes to the frequency of unharvestable days may require a range of management adaptations such as modifying the harvest period and upgrading harvesting technologies. Originality/value – The application of a targeted industry rainfall parameter (unharvestable days) obtained from downscaled climate models provided a novel approach to investigate the impacts of climate change. This research forms a baseline for industry discussion and adaptation planning towards an environmentally and economically sustainable future. The methodology outlined can easily be extended to other primary industries impacted by wet weather.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Drummond, Ian. "Conditions of unsustainability in the Australian sugar industry." Geoforum 27, no. 3 (August 1996): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7185(96)00016-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Akers, H. F., M. A. Foley, P. J. Ford, and L. P. Ryan. "Sugar in Mid-twentieth-century Australia: A Bittersweet Tale of Behaviour, Economics, Politics and Dental Health." Historical Records of Australian Science 26, no. 1 (2015): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr15001.

Full text

Abstract:

History is replete with debates between health professionals with concerns about practices and products and others who either challenge scientific evidence or believe that the greatest public good is achieved through maintenance of the status quo. This paper provides a 1950s socio-scientific perspective on a recurring problem for health professionals. It analyses dentists' promotion of oral health by discouraging sugar consumption and the sugar industry's defence of its staple product. Despite scientific evidence in support of its case, the dental profession lacked influence with government and large sections of the Australian community. The division of powers within the Australian Constitution, together with the cause, nature and ubiquity of caries and Australians' tolerance of the disease, were relevant to the outcome. In contrast, the sugar industry was a powerful force. Sugar was a pillar of the Australian and Queensland economies. The industry contributed to the history of Queensland and to Queenslanders' collective psyche, and enjoyed access to centralized authority in decision-making. The timing of the debate was also relevant. Under Prime Minister Robert Menzies, the Australian Government was more concerned with promoting industry and initiative than oral health. This was a one-sided contest. Patterns of food consumption evolve from interactions between availability, culture and choice. Food and associated etiquettes provide far more than health, nutrients and enjoyment. They contribute to economic and social development, national and regional identity and the incidence of disease. The growing, milling and processing of sugarcane and the incorporation of sugar into the Australian diet is a case study that illuminates the interface between health professionals, corporations, society and the state. Today, for a variety of reasons, health professionals recommend limits for daily intake of sugar. Calls for dietary reform are not new and invariably arouse opposition. The issue came to the fore between 1945 and 1960, when dentists contended that the consumption of sugar either caused or contributed to a major health problem, namely dental caries (tooth decay). Representatives of the sugar industry defended their staple product against these claims, which emerged at a critical time for the industry. With hindsight, these exchanges can be seen as a precursor to more diverse and recurring debates relating to contemporary health campaigns. This paper documents and analyses the contemporaneous scientific and socio-political backgrounds underpinning these engagements

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Griggs, Peter. "Australian Scientists, Sugar Cane Growers and the Search for New Gummosis-resistant and Sucrose-rich Varieties of Sugar Cane, 1890 - 1920." Historical Records of Australian Science 14, no. 3 (2002): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr03002.

Full text

Abstract:

The Australian sugar industry in the 1890s faced an agricultural crisis, as the standard cane varieties succumbed to the disease gummosis. Australian scientists were engaged by the Queensland Government and the Colonial Sugar Refining Company (CSR) to identify new, gummosis-resistant cane varieties. This paper begins by outlining the organizations and personalities involved in this research. The distribution of the new varieties throughout Australian sugar-producing districts is reconstructed in the second part of the paper. In the final section, the economic benefits of the new varieties are reviewed. The scientists involved not only sought gummosis-resistant cane varieties, but also those that were sucrose-rich. Hence, what began as a potential agricultural catastrophe, benefited the Australian sugar industry in the long-term, since the new varieties yielded more sugar and a damaging disease was defeated, albeit temporarily.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

ROBINSON, GUY M. "Deregulation and Restructuring of the Australian Cane Sugar Industry." Australian Geographical Studies 33, no. 2 (October 1995): 212–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8470.1995.tb00695.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Everingham, Y. L., A. J. Clarke, and S. Van Gorder. "Long lead rainfall forecasts for the Australian sugar industry." International Journal of Climatology 28, no. 1 (May 29, 2007): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.1513.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Bortolussi, G., and C. J. O'Neill. "Variation in molasses composition from eastern Australian sugar mills." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 11 (2006): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04124.

Full text

Abstract:

Variation in the composition of eastern Australian molasses was examined. Data on molasses composition for 1997–2001 were collected from all 28 eastern Australian sugar mills. Since the last detailed study in 1975, there have been decreases in the concentration of reducing sugars (–6.2%), sucrose (–0.9%), total sugars (–2.5%), other organic matter (–11%) and calculated metabolisable energy (ME) (–2.8%). Dry matter (DM, +0.1%) and ash (+29%) concentrations have increased. Differences between milling regions were observed for DM (P<0.001), reducing sugars (P<0.05) and sucrose (P<0.01) concentrations. Molasses DM was highest for the Northern milling region and lowest for the Southern milling region. Reducing sugar concentrations were lower whereas sucrose concentrations were higher in molasses from the Southern milling region than the Northern region. The concentration of reducing sugars, total sugars and calculated ME was significantly (P<0.05) lower in mid-season molasses than early and late season molasses. Mid-season molasses ash concentration was highest (P<0.05). Significant (P<0.05) region × year interactions were found for all molasses components. Significant (P<0.05) region × season interactions were found for reducing sugars, sucrose, total sugars, ash and the calculated ME. Significant (P<0.001) nested effects for mills within a region were found for all molasses components. Mill within-region effects (P<0.001) accounted for much (31–62%) of the total variation for all molasses components. Significant (P<0.01) nested effects for season within year were found for all molasses components. Depending on the molasses component, season within year accounted for 3–19% of variation. Calculated ME in molasses was most correlated with total sugars (r = –0.97; P<0.001) and ash concentration (r = –0.73; P<0.001). Commercial cane sugar (percentage sugar in juice) was negatively (r = –0.43; P<0.001) correlated with calculated molasses ME. Generally, the observed variation in the calculated ME of molasses would only be sufficient to reduce average daily gains by up to 0.05 kg/day in cattle fed diets containing 60% molasses. Compared with the calculated molasses ME of molasses in 1975, a similar reduction in animal performance could be expected with current molasses composition. Such variation in ME also has implications for the use of molasses in the dairy industry and for ethanol production.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

du Plessis, Karin. "Factors Influencing Australian Construction Industry Apprentices’ Dietary Behaviors." American Journal of Men's Health 6, no. 1 (August 23, 2011): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988311417613.

Full text

Abstract:

To date there has been a theoretical and empirical gap in workplace-centered health promotion research—particularly as it applies to blue-collar men’s diets. To begin addressing the paucity of research, five qualitative focus groups ( N = 53) were conducted in Australian training colleges to explore the dietary behaviors of apprentices. Thematic analysis was used by the researcher who concludes that although some apprentices were health conscious and attempted to eat healthy foods, many had diets high in saturated fats and sugar. These types of diets are associated with increased risks for developing chronic disease and are associated with decreased life expectancy. As such it poses a serious challenge for health promoters. Apprentices’ dietary practices were also found to be moderated by convenience, availability, and cost of foods in their environment. Their nutritional beliefs, significant others, colleagues in the workplace, and their body image also influence their food choices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Islam, Md Khairul, Tomislav Sostaric, Lee Yong Lim, Katherine Hammer, and Cornelia Locher. "Sugar Profiling of Honeys for Authentication and Detection of Adulterants Using High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography." Molecules 25, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 5289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225289.

Full text

Abstract:

Honey adulteration, where a range of sugar syrups is used to increase bulk volume, is a common problem that has significant negative impacts on the honey industry, both economically and from a consumer confidence perspective. This paper investigates High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) for the authentication and detection of sugar adulterants in honey. The sugar composition of various Australian honeys (Manuka, Jarrah, Marri, Karri, Peppermint and White Gum) was first determined to illustrate the variance depending on the floral origin. Two of the honeys (Manuka and Jarrah) were then artificially adulterated with six different sugar syrups (rice, corn, golden, treacle, glucose and maple syrup). The findings demonstrate that HPTLC sugar profiles, in combination with organic extract profiles, can easily detect the sugar adulterants. As major sugars found in honey, the quantification of fructose and glucose, and their concentration ratio can be used to authenticate the honeys. Quantifications of sucrose and maltose can be used to identify the type of syrup adulterant, in particular when used in combination with HPTLC fingerprinting of the organic honey extracts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Phan, Anh Dao Thi, Maral Seidi Damyeh, Saleha Akter, Mridusmita Chaliha, Michael E. Netzel, Daniel Cozzolino, and Yasmina Sultanbawa. "Effects of Fruit Maturity on Physicochemical Properties, Sugar Accumulation and Antioxidant Capacity of Wild Harvested Kakadu Plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana)." Proceedings 70, no. 1 (November 10, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods_2020-07819.

Full text

Abstract:

Terminalia ferdinandiana (Kakadu plum), belonging to the family Combretaceae, is endemic to Australia and has a long history of traditional medicinal applications and food cuisine by the Australian Indigenous people. This study investigated the effects of maturity stages on the morphology, physicochemical parameters (total soluble solids (TSS), total acid content (TAC), and pH), soluble sugar profile and antioxidant capacity of Kakadu plum (KP) fruits that were wild harvested from different trees and classified into four different maturity stages (immature to mature). TSS and TAC were determined by standard assays/procedures, main sugars by UHPLC–MS/MS and antioxidant capacity (total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity) by spectrophotometry. The results showed that soluble sugars (glucose, sucrose and fructose) ranging from 1.3 to 17.7% dry weight (DW), TSS (17.0–52.7% DW) and TAC (1.3–6.7% DW) increased with maturity. However, antioxidant capacity (TPC in the range of 7.4–21.9% DW and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity from 22 to 76% inhibition at the extract concentration of 20 g·L−1) did not follow the same trend as the one observed for soluble sugars, TSS and TAC. These differences were associated with the tree-to-tree variability as a consequence of the wild harvest condition. This study provides important information to both the KP industry and Indigenous enterprises regarding the selection of the appropriate maturity stage to harvest KP fruit to target for different markets (e.g., low-sugar vs. high-sugar fruit).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Phan, Anh Dao Thi, Maral Seidi Damyeh, Saleha Akter, Mridusmita Chaliha, Michael E. Netzel, Daniel Cozzolino, and Yasmina Sultanbawa. "Effects of Fruit Maturity on Physicochemical Properties, Sugar Accumulation and Antioxidant Capacity of Wild Harvested Kakadu Plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana)." Proceedings 68, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2021068019.

Full text

Abstract:

: Terminalia ferdinandiana (Kakadu plum), belonging to the family Combretaceae, is endemic to Australia and has a long history of traditional medicinal applications and food cuisine by the Australian Indigenous people. This study investigated the effects of maturity stages on the morphology, physicochemical parameters (total soluble solids (TSS), total acid content (TAC), and pH), soluble sugar profile and antioxidant capacity of Kakadu plum (KP) fruits that were wild harvested from different trees and classified into four different maturity stages (immature to mature). TSS and TAC were determined by standard assays/procedures, main sugars by UHPLC–MS/MS and antioxidant capacity (total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity) by spectrophotometry. The results showed that soluble sugars (glucose, sucrose and fructose) ranging from 1.3 to 17.7% dry weight (DW), TSS (17.0–52.7% DW) and TAC (1.3–6.7% DW) increased with maturity. However, antioxidant capacity (TPC in the range of 7.4–21.9% DW and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity from 22 to 76% inhibition at the extract concentration of 20 g·L−1) did not follow the same trend as the one observed for soluble sugars, TSS and TAC. These differences were associated with the tree-to-tree variability as a consequence of the wild harvest condition. This study provides important information to both the KP industry and Indigenous enterprises regarding the selection of the appropriate maturity stage to harvest KP fruit to target for different markets (e.g., low-sugar vs. high-sugar fruit).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Bramley, R. G. V., J. Ouzman, and D. L. Gobbett. "Yield mapping at different scales to improve fertilizer decision making in the Australian sugar industry." Advances in Animal Biosciences 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 630–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470017000607.

Full text

Abstract:

Potential yield is one of the criteria used as an input to nitrogen (N) fertilizer management decisions when using SIX EASY STEPS (6ES), the fertilizer recommendation tool used in the Australian sugar industry. Most commonly, 6ES is implemented using a district yield potential (DYP). In this study, we use analysis of sugar mill and yield monitor data from the Herbert River cane growing district to demonstrate that yield is markedly spatially variable, with this variability following the same patterns from year to year. There would therefore be value in a more location specific consideration of potential yield and application of 6ES. Similar analyses could be readily conducted in other sugar producing regions with potentially important implications for fertilizer use efficiency and the minimization of nutrient accessions to the Great Barrier Reef.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Young, Anthony J. "Turning a Blind Eye to Ratoon Stunting Disease of Sugarcane in Australia." Plant Disease 102, no. 3 (March 2018): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-17-0911-fe.

Full text

Abstract:

The Australian sugar industry has never pursued genetic resistance to ratoon stunting disease (RSD), despite it being widely considered to be one of the most important diseases of sugarcane (Saccharum interspecific hybrids). This is because of a prevailing view that the disease is economically managed, and that no further action needs to take place. However, there is a range of epidemiological evidence that suggests that RSD is having a more significant impact than what is generally recognized. This review traces the factors that have led to an industry stance that is apparently without any scientific justification, and which has tended to downplay the significance of RSD on Australian sugarcane productivity, and thus has led to significant lost production. The consequences of this position are that RSD may be influencing broad but poorly explained issues such as commercial ratooning performance of existing varieties and the “yield decline” that has been subject to much scrutiny, if not much success in resolving the issue. Based on the available information, this review calls on the Australian sugar industry to prioritize selection for RSD resistance in the plant improvement program.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Qureshi, Muhammad E., Sumaira E. Qureshi, and Malcolm K. Wegener. "Economic implications of alternative mill mud management options in the Australian sugar industry." Agricultural Economics 36, no. 1 (January 2007): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2007.00181.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Griggs, Peter. "Defeating Cane Diseases: Plant Pathologists and the Development of Disease Control Strategies in the Australian Sugar Industry, 1920 - 1950." Historical Records of Australian Science 18, no. 1 (2007): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr06008.

Full text

Abstract:

Between 1920 and 1950, the Queensland sugar industry was troubled by many of the diseases that plagued sugar cane, often in serious proportions. Financial losses from these disease outbreaks in the 1920s prompted the Colonial Sugar Refining Company (CSR) and the Queensland Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations (BSES) to employ university-trained plant pathologists who undertook research into identifying the diseases, understanding their etiology and devising control strategies to reduce their impact. Archival records, annual reports of both organizations and published scientific papers are used to reconstruct the programmes of research undertaken into these diseases. Control strategies developed as a result of this research included restrictions on the movement of cane plants, the establishment of quarantine districts, use of disease-free planting material, pre-treatment of planting material with hot water and/or solutions of organic mercurial fungicides, and 'roguing' of diseased cane plants. Consequently, by 1950, gumming, Fiji and downy mildew diseases — three of the most troublesome cane diseases in Australia — had been virtually eliminated in sugar-producing districts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Pini, Barbara. "Increasing Women's Participation in Agricultural Leadership: Strategies for Change." Journal of Management & Organization 9, no. 1 (January 2003): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200004934.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThis paper uses data from a survey of women involved in the Australian sugar industry to present evidence of the strategies which could be introduced by agri-political groups to increase women's involvement in agricultural leadership. Of the 181 positions of elected leadership in the Australian sugar industry's agri-political group, CANEGROWERS, none is held by a woman. Factor analysis of the 233 returned survey responses revealed that there are five types of strategies that could be implemented to address this inequity. These are: organisational strategies, education and training strategies, remuneration strategies, support strategies and practical strategies. The paper concludes by drawing attention to the fact that few strategies have been adopted by agricultural organizations to address men's numerical dominance of positions of leadership.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Pini, Barbara. "Increasing Women's Participation in Agricultural Leadership: Strategies for Change." Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 9, no. 1 (January 2003): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2003.9.1.66.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThis paper uses data from a survey of women involved in the Australian sugar industry to present evidence of the strategies which could be introduced by agri-political groups to increase women's involvement in agricultural leadership. Of the 181 positions of elected leadership in the Australian sugar industry's agri-political group, CANEGROWERS, none is held by a woman. Factor analysis of the 233 returned survey responses revealed that there are five types of strategies that could be implemented to address this inequity. These are: organisational strategies, education and training strategies, remuneration strategies, support strategies and practical strategies. The paper concludes by drawing attention to the fact that few strategies have been adopted by agricultural organizations to address men's numerical dominance of positions of leadership.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Boyne, Kerry. "The legend of the ‘gentlemen of the flashing blade’: The canecutter in the Australian imagination." Australasian Journal of Popular Culture 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajpc_00050_1.

Full text

Abstract:

The ‘gentlemen of the flashing blade’ laboured in an occupation that no longer exists in Australia: canecutting. It was a hard job done by hard men, and its iconic figure – the canecutter – survives as a Queensland legend, so extensively romanticized in the popular culture of the time as to constitute a subgenre characterized by subject matter and motifs particular to the pre-mechanization sugar country culture. Yet, it may seem like the only canecutters immortalized in the arts are Summer of the Seventeenth Doll’s Roo and Barney. To show the breadth and diversity of this subgenre, and the legend of the canecutter and sugar country culture, this article reviews a selection of novels, memoirs, plays, short stories, cartoons, verse, song, film, television, radio and children’s books. These works address the racial, cultural and industrial politics of the sugar industry and its influence on the economic and social development of Queensland. The parts played by the nineteenth-century communities of indentured South Sea Islanders and the European immigrants who followed are represented along with those of the itinerant Anglos. These works depict, and celebrate, a colourful, often brutal, part of Queensland’s past and an Australian icon comparable with the swaggie or the shearer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Higgins, Andrew J., and Russell C. Muchow. "Assessing the potential benefits of alternative cane supply arrangements in the Australian sugar industry." Agricultural Systems 76, no. 2 (May 2003): 623–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-521x(02)00031-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Kabir, Nahid. "Mackay Revisited: The Case of Javanese-Australian Muslims, 1880–1999." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 16, no. 3 (September 2007): 405–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680701600305.

Full text

Abstract:

The development of Queensland's sugar industry in the nineteenth century led to an influx of non-European laborers, such as Melanesians, Cingalese and Javanese. Years later, under the Immigration Restriction Act, 1901, many Asian people were expelled from Australia, but some Javanese remained in Mackay. This paper examines the Javanese settlement pattern during the colonial, “White Australia,” and multicultural periods in terms of race, ethnicity, culture and religion. These accounts were derived largely from interviews with Australia-born second, third and fourth generation Muslims of Javanese origin in Mackay.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Miller, L. J., and P. G. Allsopp. "Identification of Australian canegrubs (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Melolonthini)." Invertebrate Systematics 14, no. 3 (2000): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it98019.

Full text

Abstract:

Larvae of Melolonthini are commonly known as whitegrubs or, in the Australian sugar industry, as canegrubs. In Australia, there are 119 recognised species of Melolonthini, of which 75 are found in Queensland. Of the 75 species, this study examines 19 species that are recognised sugarcane pests. These belong to the genera Antitrogus Burmeister, Dermolepida Arrow, Lepidiota Kirby and Rhopaea Erichson. Descriptions of adults and larvae of the 19 species are provided in this paper, as well as species identification keys for both adults and larvae and a key to the tribes, as a premise for introducing more effective management strategies. Identification of canegrubs is pertinent because the various species have different ecologies, behaviours and insecticide susceptibilities, and their control requires different methods and rates of application of insecticides. We have separated larvae of the species on the basis of their raster pattern, locality and, where necessary, head width. Larvae of some species are difficult to identify and we suggest use of molecular tools for their identification.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Bramley, R. G. V. "Lessons from nearly 20 years of Precision Agriculture research, development, and adoption as a guide to its appropriate application." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 3 (2009): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp08304.

Full text

Abstract:

Precision Agriculture (PA) is an all-encompassing term given to the use of a suite of technologies that promote improved management of agricultural production through recognition that the potential productivity of agricultural land can vary considerably, even over very short distances (a few m). It can be regarded as a means of increasing the chance that the right crop management strategies are implemented in the right place at the right time. Numerous examples exist of the successful application of PA to various cropping systems around the world, in many cases supported by a burgeoning PA literature. However, the rate of adoption by growers of many crops remains low and, in some industries, is negligible. One such example is the Australian sugar industry, in spite of its relatively high rate of adoption of controlled traffic and the ready access that growers have to supporting infrastructure such as local GPS base stations. However, the Australian sugar industry is now seeking an informed basis from which to make decisions as to appropriate investment in PA, whether these be in terms of pragmatic application by growers, the level of involvement (if any) by millers, or with respect to research to facilitate such adoption. A part of acquiring this informed view of PA is to look at its application in other cropping systems. This review therefore examines PA research and application in a range of cropping systems from around the world and considers the key drivers of variability in these production systems. Constraints to the adoption of PA and its likely economic benefits are also considered in light of experiences from around the world. It is concluded that sugarcane production is ideally suited to the adoption of PA. Like other broadacre systems, such as cereal production, the opportunity exists to target the management of inputs to production. However, the vertically integrated nature of the sugar industry and existence of a potentially significant crop quality imperative also present opportunities for targeted strategies such as selective harvesting, as used in the wine industry. Thus, to get the best result from adoption of PA, the sugar industry will need to consider it as a tool for optimising management of the production of sugar, as opposed to solely an avenue for improving the agronomic management of sugarcane. Several recommendations are made as to how this adoption might be supported.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Garside, A. L., M. J. Bell, and B. G. Robotham. "Row spacing and planting density effects on the growth and yield of sugarcane. 2. Strategies for the adoption of controlled traffic." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 6 (2009): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp08312.

Full text

Abstract:

Controlled traffic (matching wheel and row spacing) is being promoted as a means to manage soil compaction in the Australian sugar industry. However, machinery limitations dictate that wider row spacings than the standard 1.5-m single row will need to be adopted to incorporate controlled traffic and many growers are reluctant to widen row spacing for fear of yield penalties. To address these concerns, contrasting row configuration and planting density combinations were investigated for their effect on cane and sugar yield in large-scale experiments in the Gordonvale, Tully, Ingham, Mackay, and Bingera (near Bundaberg) sugarcane-growing regions of Queensland, Australia. The results showed that sugarcane possesses a capacity to compensate for different row configurations and planting densities through variation in stalk number and individual stalk weight. Row configurations ranging from 1.5-m single rows (the current industry standard) to 1.8-m dual rows (50 cm between duals), 2.1-m dual (80 cm between duals) and triple (65 cm between triples) rows, and 2.3-m triple rows (65 cm between triples) produced similar yields. Four rows (50 cm apart) on a 2.1-m configuration (quad rows) produced lower yields largely due to crop lodging, while a 1.8-m single row configuration produced lower yields in the plant crop, probably due to inadequate resource availability (water stress/limited radiation interception). The results suggest that controlled traffic can be adopted in the Australian sugar industry by changing from a 1.5-m single row to 1.8-m dual row configuration without yield penalty. Further, the similar yields obtained with wider row configurations (2 m or greater with multiple rows) in these experiments emphasise the physiological and environmental plasticity that exists in sugarcane. Controlled traffic can be implemented with these wider row configurations (>2 m), although it will be necessary to carry out expensive modifications to the current harvester and haul-out equipment. There were indications from this research that not all cultivars were suited to configurations involving multiple rows. The results suggest that consideration be given to assessing clones with different growth habits under a range of row configurations to find the most suitable plant types for controlled traffic cropping systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Everingham, Y. L., N. G. Inman-Bamber, P. J. Thorburn, and T. J. McNeill. "A Bayesian modelling approach for long lead sugarcane yield forecasts for the Australian sugar industry." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 2 (2007): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05443.

Full text

Abstract:

For marketers, advance knowledge on sugarcane crop size permits more confidence in implementing forward selling, pricing, and logistics activities. In Australia, marketing plans tend to be initialised in December, approximately 7 months prior to commencement of the next harvest. Improved knowledge about crop size at such an early lead time allows marketers to develop and implement a more advanced marketing plan earlier in the season. Producing accurate crop size forecasts at such an early lead time is an on-going challenge for industry. Rather than trying to predict the exact size of the crop, a Bayesian discriminant analysis procedure was applied to determine the likelihood of a small, medium, or large crop across 4 major sugarcane-growing regions in Australia: Ingham, Ayr, Mackay, and Bundaberg. The Bayesian model considers simulated potential yields, climate forecasting indices, and the size of the crop from the previous year. Compared with the current industry approach, the discriminant procedure provided a substantial improvement for Ayr and a moderate improvement over current forecasting methods for the remaining regions, with the added advantage of providing probabilistic forecasts of crop categories.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

PINI, BARBARA. "The Question of 'the Italians' and Women's Representation in Leadership in the Australian Sugar Industry." Australian Geographer 34, no. 2 (July 2003): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049180301738.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Morgan, T., P. Jackson, L. McDonald, and J. Holtum. "Chemical ripeners increase early season sugar content in a range of sugarcane varieties." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 3 (2007): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06018.

Full text

Abstract:

Ripening in sugarcane refers to an increase in sugar content on a fresh weight basis before commercial harvest. Certain chemicals are applied to cane in commercial fields in some countries to accelerate ripening and improve profitability of sugar production. However, responses have usually been reported to be variety and environment specific. We examined changes in the sucrose content in the juice extracted from 43 Australian sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) varieties in response to 4 ripener treatments in the Burdekin region in northern Queensland over 2 years. The 4 treatments applied were ethephon (as Ethrel®) + fluazifop-P butyl (as Fusilade®), Fusilade® alone, glyphosate (as Weedmaster® Duo), and haloxyfop-R methyl (as Verdict®). These treatments were applied in March–April each year and compared with an untreated control. Of particular interest was whether economic responses are possible for Australian varieties harvested in the May and June period when sugar content in cane is usually low. Increases in sucrose (measured by pol) levels in cane juice were observed after combined application of Ethrel + Fusilade (E+F) and after application of glyphosate, although the result for the latter varied between years. These results suggest that opportunities exist in the Australian industry to improve the profitability of early-harvested sugarcane crops, but further research is required to quantify effects on cane yield and responses in diverse environments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Higgins, A. J., M. A. Haynes, R. C. Muchow, and D. B. Prestwidge. "Developing and implementing optimised sugarcane harvest schedules through participatory research." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 3 (2004): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03172.

Full text

Abstract:

The Australian sugar industry saw opportunities for increasing productivity and hence whole- of-industry profitability through optimising the harvest date of sugarcane, accounting for geographical and crop differences in cane yield and the sugar content of cane for different harvest dates throughout the harvesting season. Research scientists engaged in participatory research with 3 case-study mill regions to construct the models needed to produce these optimised harvest schedules. Average potential gains of up to AU$119/ha at a sugar price of AU$250/t were shown and the case study regions were keen to pilot the schedules. This paper focusses on the development of a pathway to pilot implementation and evaluation through collaboration with growers, harvester contractors, and millers collectively. We developed: strategies to overcome implementation barriers; the design of the pilot scheme; software tools; and an evaluation strategy of pilot study results to provide proof-of-concept and encourage further uptake. With the development of this pathway, pilot implementation took place during the 2000 and 2001 harvest seasons for about 200 farms. Action learning methodologies were applied to improve the scheme for the 2001 season. Most growers and millers who followed the optimised schedules closely, achieved gains of up to AU$200/ha, with the Maryborough Sugar Factory estimating a gain of AU$34 000 for their crop. Although optimised harvest schedules were implemented by only a small percentage of growers in each of the case study regions, there is growing adoption throughout the sugar industry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Magarey, R. C., J. I. Bull, W. A. Neilsen, J. R. Camilleri, and A. J. Magnanini. "Relating cultivar resistance to sugarcane yield using breeding selection trial analyses; orange rust and yellow spot." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 10 (2004): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02208.

Full text

Abstract:

Plant breeders in the Australian sugar industry conduct yield assessment trials each year to assess the yielding ability of clones in the sugarcane breeding programme. Several endemic diseases impinge on the yield of these clones and the tested clones vary greatly in disease susceptibility. In this study, resistance to the diseases orange rust and yellow spot was assessed in final stage trials in the Northern Queensland programme. Clonal yielding ability was related to disease resistance. The results indicate that both diseases, but particularly yellow spot, influenced the yield (tonnes cane/ha and tonnes sugar/ha) of clones in northern breeding trials in 2000. Yield loss estimates were calculated, as well as the relationship between resistance and yield. There was a high level of resistance to orange rust in clones in these trials but much less resistance to yellow spot; the resistance index or orange rust was 2.2 while for yellow spot it was 5.5. Yield loss resistance index values of 5.0 and above for orange rust suggest there is adequate resistance in clones to minimise losses from this disease. In contrast, the yield loss resistance index for yellow spot (tonnes cane/ha) was below 5.0, therefore, it is concluded that during the 2000 harvest season, there was inadequate resistance to minimise losses. The information gathered from this research will be used to determine the level of leaf disease resistance needed in commercial cultivars to optimise yielding ability. Such decisions should improve the efficiency of selection and the performance of commercial cultivars in the Australian sugar industry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Pini, Barbara. "The exclusion of women from agri- political leadership: A case study of the Australian sugar industry." Sociologia Ruralis 42, no. 1 (January 2002): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9523.00202.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Russell, Wendy. "Gene technology in R&D provision to the Australian sugar industry: Sweetening up public research?" Rural Society 11, no. 3 (January 2001): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/rsj.11.3.163.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Barnes, JA, BH Zischke, GW Blight, and JC Chapman. "Minilee and Mickylee are mini-watermelons with potential for the Australian market." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 5 (1994): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940673.

Full text

Abstract:

The watermelon industry aims to produce fruit 2 10 kg, but supermarkets sell cut portions, so there may be a market for smaller fruit, between 2 and 4 kg. We tested several small-fruited watermelon cultivars to see if there was potential to establish a mini-watermelon industry. Minilee and Mickylee (ex Florida) were the best 2 cultivars; the fruit of 3 Taiwanese cultivars split under slight pressure, and the fruit of the cultivars Sugar Baby and Baby Fun were too heavy. Minilee and Mickylee were grown at plant densities between 5550 and 22 200 plants/ha. At 7400, 11 100 and 14 800 plants/ha, 70-72% of the Minilee fruit weighed between 2 and 4 kg. In contrast, at 22 200 plants/ha, 79% of the Mickylee fruit weighed between 2 and 4 kg, but at the other plant densities only 38-59% of the fruit were in this weight range. We conclude that Minilee and Mickylee are suitable cultivars for a mini-watermelon industry around Bundaberg and probably other parts of Australia where Florida cultivars are presently grown. Because the yield of fruit in the 2-4 kg range for Minilee was less sensitive to plant density than the Mickylee yield in this range, we believe that Minilee would be the better commercial proposition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Wheatley, Greg, Rong Situ, Jarrod Dwyer, Alexander Larsen, and Robiul Islam Rubel. "Dryer design parameters and parts specifications for an industrial scale bagasse drying system." Acta Agronómica 69, no. 4 (November 23, 2021): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/acag.v69n4.89795.

Full text

Abstract:

The sugar industry is an ideal sector for electricity cogeneration due to a large amount of burnable bagasse produce as a by-product. Bagasse produced in the sugar industry always consists of moisture affecting the efficiency of a boiler in the cogeneration plant. In our case study, a cogeneration plant run by bagasse burning found with bagasse moisture problem and suffocating with low power generation for the last few years. The boiler efficiency per tonne of bagasse is currently lower than optimal due to the substantial percentage of water present in the bagasse. A bagasse dryer design for this industry can improve the efficiency of a boiler as well as the cogeneration plant. In this paper, a pneumatic bagasse drying system is proposed to reduce the moisture content of bagasse from 48% to 30%. This work provides a full analysis of bagasse dryer design parameters, including specifications for dryer system components, such as feeders, fan, drying tube, and cyclone. The total bagasse drying system proposed is expected to be fitted within a 6 × 6 × 25 m space to dry 60 tph of bagasse, reducing the moisture content from 48% to 30%, in full compliance with all relevant Australian and company standards.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Brennan, Lisa, and Wegener Malcolm. "An evolutionary economic perspective on technical change and adjustment in cane harvesting systems in the Australian sugar industry." Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 47, no. 3 (August 26, 2003): 367–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8489.00219.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Hunt, Warren, Colin Birch, and Frank Vanclay. "Thwarting plague and pestilence in the Australian sugar industry: Crop protection capacity and resilience built by agricultural extension." Crop Protection 37 (July 2012): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.02.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Bramley, R. G. V., J. Ouzman, and D. L. Gobbett. "Regional scale application of the precision agriculture thought process to promote improved fertilizer management in the Australian sugar industry." Precision Agriculture 20, no. 2 (March 29, 2018): 362–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11119-018-9571-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Zhou, Ziwei, Ido Bar, Rebecca Ford, Heather Smyth, and Chutchamas Kanchana-udomkan. "Biochemical, Sensory, and Molecular Evaluation of Flavour and Consumer Acceptability in Australian Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Varieties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11 (June 5, 2022): 6313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116313.

Full text

Abstract:

Inconsistency in flavour is one of the major challenges to the Australian papaya industry. However, objectively measurable standards of the compound profiles that provide preferable taste and aroma, together with consumer acceptability, have not been set. In this study, three red-flesh papayas (i.e., ‘RB1’, ‘RB4’, and ‘Skybury’) and two yellow-flesh papayas (i.e., ‘1B’ and ‘H13’) were presented to a trained sensory panel and a consumer panel to assess sensory profiles and liking. The papaya samples were also examined for sugar components, total soluble solids, and 14 selected volatile compounds. Additionally, the expression patterns of 10 genes related to sweetness and volatile metabolism were assessed. In general, red papaya varieties had higher sugar content and tasted sweeter than yellow varieties, while yellow varieties had higher concentrations of citrus floral aroma volatiles and higher aroma intensity. Higher concentrations of glucose, linalool oxide, and terpinolene were significantly associated with decreased consumer liking. Significant differences were observed in the expression profiles of all the genes assessed among the selected papaya varieties. Of these, cpGPT2 and cpBGLU31 were positively correlated to glucose production and were expressed significantly higher in ‘1B’ than in ‘RB1’ or ‘Skybury’. These findings will assist in the strategic selective breeding for papaya to better match consumer and, hence, market demand.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Rattey, A. R., P. A. Jackson, D. M. Hogarth, and T. A. McRae. "Selection among genotypes in final stage sugarcane trials: effects of time of year." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 12 (2009): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp09136.

Full text

Abstract:

Low levels of commercial cane sugar (CCS) reduce relative economic value (REV) in sugarcane. In the Australian sugarcane industry, CCS is lower early (June) compared with the completion (November) of the harvest period. Performance of sugarcane genotypes in 2 Central region series and 1 Burdekin region series of final stage selection trials was examined to determine if independent selection programs are required to select elite genotypes for 2 target periods: (a) early (before July), and (b) mature (from July on). Across series, CCS (16.83 v. 12.02% fresh cane weight) and REV (AU$3937/ha v. $3123/ha) were significantly higher in the mature than in the early period, while genotypic variance for CCS (0.76 v. 0.33), and broad-sense heritability for CCS (0.96 v. 0.86) and REV (0.79 v. 0.69), were higher in the early than in the mature period. Genetic correlations between sample times less than 3 months apart were usually ≥0.9 for CCS, but generally declined to ≤0.6 for times greater than 3 months apart. Consequently, genotype × period (early compared with mature) interaction effects on CCS affected selection decisions, especially in the Central region, and genetic improvements for CCS would be expected via specific targeting of early and mature periods. However, genotype × period interaction effects were not important for cane yield or REV, such that selection for specific adaptation to early or mature periods would not improve gains in REV across the entire harvest period. Some final stage selection trials should be harvested early in the harvest period, when heritability and genotypic variance are highest, to capture high early CCS genotypes with acceptable cane yield for recycling in breeding activities. This protocol should enhance genetic gain for early CCS and simultaneously increase REV early in the harvesting period of the Australian sugar industry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Cliffe, Neil, Joanne Doyle, Helen Farley, Janette Lindesay, Adam Loch, Tek Maraseni, Torben Marcussen, et al. "The Development of Virtual World Tools to Enhance Learning and Real World Decision Making in the Australian Sugar Farming Industry." International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning (iJAC) 7, no. 3 (October 13, 2014): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v7i3.4002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Johnson, Andrew K. L., Geoffrey T. McDonald, Dan A. Shrubsole, and Daniel H. Walker. "Natural Resource Use and Management in the Australian Sugar Industry: Current Practice and Opportunities for Improved Policy, Planning and Management." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 5, no. 2 (January 1998): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.1998.10648405.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Bhuiyan, Shamsul A., Kylie Garlick, and George Piperidis. "Saccharum spontaneum, a Novel Source of Resistance to Root-Lesion and Root-Knot Nematodes in Sugarcane." Plant Disease 103, no. 9 (September 2019): 2288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-19-0385-re.

Full text

Abstract:

Root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae) and root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) are two important pathogens of sugarcane (Saccharum hybrid). No commercial cultivars are resistant to these nematodes in Australia. Twenty accession lines of S. spontaneum, a wild relative of sugarcane, were tested against these two nematode species. S. spontaneum lines were tested twice for resistance to root-lesion nematode and three times for root-knot nematode. Reproduction (final population/starting population) of root-lesion nematodes was significantly lower in 17 of the 20 S. spontaneum accession lines tested in two experiments compared with two commercial cultivars. Four S. spontaneum lines supported a significantly lower number of root-lesion nematodes per gram of root than that of two commercial sugarcane cultivars. Reproduction of root-knot nematodes was significantly lower in 16 S. spontaneum lines compared with two commercial cultivars. Fourteen of the S. spontaneum lines tested supported significantly fewer eggs per gram of root compared with two commercial cultivars. This study showed that S. spontaneum lines possessed resistance for root-lesion and root-knot nematodes. Targeted crossing with commercial hybrid parental lines should be conducted to introduce nematode resistance into sugarcane cultivars for the Australian sugar industry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Lawes, R. A., M. K. Wegener, K. E. Basford, and R. J. Lawn. "The evaluation of the spatial and temporal stability of sugarcane farm performance based on yield and commercial cane sugar." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 3 (2004): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03169.

Full text

Abstract:

In broader catchment scale investigations, there is a need to understand and ultimately exploit the spatial variation of agricultural crops for an improved economic return. In many instances, this spatial variation is temporally unstable and may be different for various crop attributes and crop species. In the Australian sugar industry, the opportunity arose to evaluate the performance of 231 farms in the Tully Mill area in far north Queensland using production information on cane yield (t/ha) and CCS (a fresh weight measure of sucrose content in the cane) accumulated over a 12-year period. Such an arrangement of data can be expressed as a 3-way array where a farm × attribute × year matrix can be evaluated and interactions considered. Two multivariate techniques, the 3-way mixture method of clustering and the 3-mode principal component analysis, were employed to identify meaningful relationships between farms that performed similarly for both cane yield and CCS. In this context, farm has a spatial component and the aim of this analysis was to determine if systematic patterns in farm performance expressed by cane yield and CCS persisted over time. There was no spatial relationship between cane yield and CCS. However, the analysis revealed that the relationship between farms was remarkably stable from one year to the next for both attributes and there was some spatial aggregation of farm performance in parts of the mill area. This finding is important, since temporally consistent spatial variation may be exploited to improve regional production. Alternatively, the putative causes of the spatial variation may be explored to enhance the understanding of sugarcane production in the wet tropics of Australia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Moore, Clive. "Sugar and Ecological Imperialism: Environmental Change in the Pioneer Valley, North Queensland, 1860s–2000s." Queensland Review 20, no. 1 (May 3, 2013): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2013.3.

Full text

Abstract:

The Pioneer Valley at Mackay is the centre of a thriving sugar industry that supports 120,000 people and brings millions of dollars into the Australian economy through milling sugar cane. The valley presents a vista of kilometre after kilometre of flat green and brown symmetrical patterns. In the growing season, rectangles striped with furrows carry on as far as the eye can see, blending into green blocks as the cane grows, with the pattern broken only by natural topographic features such as creeks, the Pioneer River, occasional hills and small towns. Cane totally dominates the flat land, but at the edges of the valley it is gradually overshadowed by the brown and grey of the higher untamed areas. Within this green, brown and grey picture is another pattern, the imposed logistics of roads, railways, and glistening galvanised roofs on the houses and sheds, softened by the dark green of mango and other fruit trees, stately hoop pines, fig and shade trees. On the edges of the valley floor, the hills become more numerous, feeding into the surrounding mountain ranges. The visual pattern partly relates to topography, but includes elements dating back to the shapes of the first land selections and subsequent surveying from the 1860s onwards, as well as the need for road and rail links between early settlements, and more recently by the needs of modern mechanical farming.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Bramley, R. G. V., C. H. Roth, and A. W. Wood. "Risk assessment of phosphorus loss from sugarcane soils — A tool to promote improved management of P fertiliser." Soil Research 41, no. 4 (2003): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02099.

Full text

Abstract:

Current strategies for phosphorus (P) fertiliser management in the Australian sugar industry do not account for the differences between different soils in their ability to sorb and release P. However, the off-site export of P from land under sugarcane has been shown to be a major factor contributing to elevated concentrations of P in stream waters draining catchments dominated by sugarcane production. This paper presents the results of a study conducted in the lower part of the catchment of the Herbert River, north Queensland, a major sugarcane growing region. Our approach was to combine a knowledge of P sorption by soil and riverine sediments with an assessment of the risk of P loss from lower Herbert sugarcane soils and knowledge of the requirements of sugarcane for P. The results provide a basis for future P fertiliser management by canegrowers which accounts for both production and environmental imperatives. They also point to an urgent need for experimentation, based on rundown of soil P fertility, to determine critical soil test values in soils of varying P sorption, and provide a useful regional framework for the design of such experimentation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Qureshi, Muhammad Awais, and Shahid Afghan. "THE PAKISTAN SUGAR INDUSTRY ITS CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS." Pakistan Sugar Journal 35, no. 2 (August 17, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35380/sugar.035.02.0158.

Full text

Abstract:

The small sugar industry can afford to idle along using Research and development (R & D) produced (and paid for) by other sugar industries but when it is big with world standards it's a different matter. This study was important because Pakistan is 5th largest producer of sugarcane but it still lacks major advancement in production and marketing. The largest producers are Brazil, India, Thailand, China, and Pakistan accounting for more than 70% of world production. Brazil has the highest area (5.34 million hectares) while Australia has the highest productivity a n d s u g a r c a n e y i e l d (85 tons per hectare). Sugarcane is the second largest cash crop of Pakistan and is being cultivated on 1.06 million hectares with 55 t ha cane yield and sugar yield of 5.5 t ha, contributing around 3.6 % of Gross domestic production. The installed capacity of 85 sugar factories is to produce 7.5 million tons of refined sugar and domestic demand is around 4.5 million tons. This shows it’s export potential of 3.5 million tons, annually.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Simmons, Phil. "Microeconomic Reform In The Australian Sugar Industry?**While accepting responsibility for remaining errors and omissions, the author is grateful to two anonymous referees for helpful comments and suggestions." Economic Analysis and Policy 27, no. 1 (March 1997): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0313-5926(97)50005-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Nelson, P. N., A. T. Lawer, and G. J. Ham. "Evaluation of methods for field diagnosis of sodicity in soiland irrigation water in the sugarcane growing districts of Queensland, Australia." Soil Research 40, no. 8 (2002): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02028.

Full text

Abstract:

Sodicity and related properties of soils and irrigation water restrict sugarcane yields and cause environmental problems such as turbid runoff. The aim of this work was to assess the usefulness of several field diagnostic tests for soils and waters of the Australian sugar industry. Tests were evaluated using over 500 soil samples collected from 0–0.75 m depth from the 6 main sugarcane growing districts. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in the topsoil (0–0.25 m) could be predicted by electromagnetic induction (Geonics EM38) in 2 districts (r2 = 0.64–0.82), and in the subsoil (0.25–0.5 m) in 3 districts (r2�=�0.63–0.86). Dispersion index (DI) was a function of ESP in all districts, with 54–67% of variation accounted for in four districts. Soil pH was a function of ESP in all districts (59–73% of variation accounted for) except Bundaberg. ESP could be predicted from pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and Na concentration (by portable Na-selective electrode) of 1 : 5 soil : water suspensions (r2 = 0.57 for Bundaberg and r2�=�0.66–0.84 in all other districts). In irrigation waters (141 samples), measurements of Na concentration, by portable Na-selective electrode, and EC could be used to estimate Na (r2 = 0.85) and Ca + Mg (r2 = 0.87) concentrations, allowing sodium adsorption ratio to be estimated. Depending on the circumstances, these tests can provide useful estimates of sodicity and related properties in the field.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Garside, A. L., and M. J. Bell. "Row spacing and planting density effects on the growth and yield of sugarcane. 3. Responses with different cultivars." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 6 (2009): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp08313.

Full text

Abstract:

The promotion of controlled traffic (matching wheel and row spacing) in the Australian sugar industry is necessitating a widening of row spacing beyond the standard 1.5 m. As all cultivars grown in the Australian industry have been selected under the standard row spacing there are concerns that at least some cultivars may not be suitable for wider rows. To address this issue, experiments were established in northern and southern Queensland in which cultivars, with different growth characteristics, recommended for each region, were grown under a range of different row configurations. In the northern Queensland experiment at Gordonvale, cultivars Q187, Q200, Q201, and Q218 were grown in 1.5-m single rows, 1.8-m single rows, 1.8-m dual rows (50 cm between duals), and 2.3-m dual rows (80 cm between duals). In the southern Queensland experiment at Farnsfield, cvv. Q138, Q205, Q222 and Q188 were also grown in 1.5-m single rows, 1.8-m single rows, 1.8-m dual rows (50 cm between duals), while 1.8-m-wide throat planted single row and 2.0-m dual row (80 cm between duals) configurations were also included. There was no difference in yield between the different row configurations at Farnsfield but there was a significant row configuration × cultivar interaction at Gordonvale due to good yields in 1.8-m single and dual rows with Q201 and poor yields with Q200 at the same row spacings. There was no significant difference between the two cultivars in 1.5-m single and 2.3-m dual rows. The experiments once again demonstrated the compensatory capacity that exists in sugarcane to manipulate stalk number and individual stalk weight as a means of producing similar yields across a range of row configurations and planting densities. There was evidence of different growth patterns between cultivars in response to different row configurations (viz. propensity to tiller, susceptibility to lodging, ability to compensate between stalk number and stalk weight), suggesting that there may be genetic differences in response to row configuration. It is argued that there is a need to evaluate potential cultivars under a wider range of row configurations than the standard 1.5-m single rows. Cultivars that perform well in row configurations ranging from 1.8 to 2.0 m are essential if the adverse effects of soil compaction are to be managed through the adoption of controlled traffic.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Australian sugar industry'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles