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Darian-Smith, Kate, and Nikki Henningham. "Site, school, community." History of Education Review 43, no. 2 (September 30, 2014): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-03-2014-0018.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the development of vocational education for girls, focusing on how curriculum and pedagogy developed to accommodate changing expectations of the role of women in the workplace and the home in mid-twentieth century Australia. As well as describing how pedagogical changes were implemented through curriculum, it examines the way a modern approach to girls’ education was reflected in the built environment of the school site and through its interactions with its changing community. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes a case study approach, focusing on the example of the J.H. Boyd Domestic College which functioned as a single-sex school for girls from 1932 until its closure in 1985. Oral history testimony, private archives, photographs and government school records provide the material from which an understanding of the school is reconstructed. Findings – This detailed examination of the history of J.H. Boyd Domestic College highlights the highly integrated nature of the school's environment with the surrounding community, which strengthened links between the girls and their community. It also demonstrates how important the school's buildings and facilities were to contemporary ideas about the teaching of girls in a vocational setting. Originality/value – This is the first history of J.H. Boyd Domestic College to examine the intersections of gendered, classed ideas about pedagogy with ideas about the appropriate built environment for the teaching of domestic science. The contextualized approach sheds new light on domestic science education in Victoria and the unusually high quality of the learning spaces available for girls’ education.
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Harding, Catherine. "University of Victoria." Florilegium 20, no. 1 (January 2003): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.20.012.
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The Medieval Studies program at the University of Victoria is an interdisciplinary unit whose members come from the Faculty of Humanities and the Faculty of Fine Arts. The idea of creating an undergraduate program in Medieval Studies was developed in 1986-87; since that date faculty members teaching in the Departments of English, French, Hispanic and Italian Studies, Greek and Roman Studies, History, Philosophy, Music, and History in Art have offered courses leading to a Major in Medieval Studies (The program began as a Minor and changed to a Major in 1994). Undergraduates are introduced to key concepts in the study of medieval culture and society in Europe, as well as the medieval Islamic world.
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Still, Leonie V. "Women Managers in Advertising: An Exploratory Study." Media Information Australia 40, no. 1 (May 1986): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x8604000105.
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The growing interest in the status of women in the Australian workforce has prompted a related interest in the position of women in certain industries, occupations and professions. Several studies have begun to emerge which have explored women's employment position and status in law (Mathews, 1982; Bretos, 1984); chartered accountancy (Equal Opportunity Board, Victoria, 1983); retailing (Turner & Glare, 1982); and social work (Brown & Turner, 1985). The position of women managers in business has also been examined by the Victorian Office of Women's Affairs (1981) and Still (1985), while Sampson (1985) is currently investigating the status of women in the primary, secondary and technical areas of the teaching profession.
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Mulcahy, Sean Alexander, and Sean Mulcahy. "Acting Law | Law Acting: A Conversation with Dr Felix Nobis and Professor Gary Watt." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 4, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v4i2.158.
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Dr Felix Nobis is a senior lecturer with the Centre for Theatre and Performance at Monash University. He has worked as a professional actor for many years. He previously played an assistant to the Crown Prosecutor in the Australian television series, Janus, which was set in Melbourne, Victoria and based on the true story of a criminal family allegedly responsible for police shootings. He also played an advisor to a medical defence firm in the Australian television series MDA. He is a writer and professional storyteller. He has toured his one-person adaptation of Beowulf (2004) and one-person show Once Upon a Barstool (2006) internationally and has written on these experiences. His most recent work Boy Out of the Country (2016) is written in an Australian verse style and has just completed a tour of regional Victoria. Professor Gary Watt is an academic in the School of Law at the University of Warwick where his teaching includes advocacy and mooting. He also regularly leads rhetoric workshops at the Royal Shakespeare Company. He is the author of Dress, Law and Naked Truth (2013) and, most recently, Shakespeare’s Acts of Will: Law, Testament and Properties of Performance (2016), which explores rhetoric in law and theatre. He also co-wrote A Strange Eventful History, which he performed with Australian choral ensemble, The Song Company, to mark the 400th anniversary of Shakespeare’s death.
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Stevenson-Clarke, Peta, and Bradley Bowden. "Difference of purpose: The usage of railway accounts in Victoria and Queensland (1880–1900), a comparative study." Accounting History 23, no. 1-2 (May 30, 2017): 231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1032373217708799.
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In both the New and Old Worlds, the railways were invariably the largest business enterprises of the nineteenth century in terms of both employment and capitalisation. This article explores whether Australia’s railroads were also seminal institutions for the employment of accountants and the advance of their discipline, through a consideration of the effects of commonalities and differences with the American experience. Commonalities exist in the similar roles played by American and Australian railways in the global economy, while differences principally relate to ownership structure – the former being privately owned and the latter state-owned. State ownership is found to have had a more significant influence than economic commonalities. Financial accounting was retarded due to (1) dealings with investment markets being the responsibility of Parliamentarians and (2) the abstinence of Australian railways from financial endeavours such as land speculation. The domination of cost accounting by professional engineers also left little room for qualified accountants.
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Cutter-Mackenzie, Amy, Barbara Clarke, and Phil Smith. "A Discussion Paper: The Development of Professional Teacher Standards in Environmental Education." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 24 (2008): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600000537.
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AbstractProfessional teaching associations in Australia and abroad have been developing teacher and/or teaching standards and associated professional learning and assessment models in the key discipline areas since the 1990s. In Australia, a specific intent of this approach is to capture and recognise the depth and range of accomplished educators' teaching. Despite the increasing work in this area, there has been a dearth of discussion about teacher standards in environmental education and no previous attempt to research and/or develop professional teacher standards for environmental education in Australia. This paper discusses the history of teacher standards in Australia, and considers the implications for the development of teacher standards in environmental education. In doing so, we present a research-practice model that is currently being piloted in Victoria for developing accomplished professional teacher standards and learning in environmental education with and for accomplished Australian primary and secondary teachers.
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Kolnhofer-Derecskei, Anita. "How did the COVID-19 restrictions impact higher education in Victoria?" Multidiszciplináris kihívások, sokszínű válaszok, no. 1 (August 31, 2022): 50–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33565/mksv.2022.01.03.
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This paper aims to observe how the Australian COVID-19 restrictions influenced higher education, teachers’ and students’ lives. Before the pandemic, the higher education sector was the largest serviced based sector in Australia and overly depended on international students’ fee income. The academic year of 2020 started as usual with 141703 higher education enrolments of overseas students, mainly students from Asia. However, they did not arrive due to the strict border closure. Travel restrictions were put in place from China from 1 February 2020, later from other countries worldwide. That significantly affected international students' travel from Asia directly before the start of the new academic year. Consequently, many institutions have transitioned from campus-based courses to online delivery. Besides, numerous academic lecturers and professional staff have been invited to the expression of interest in a voluntary and, of course, involuntary redundancy program. Most vacant positions have been frozen, and various saving programs have been implied. Owing to the toughest rules and strictest restrictions, Australian borders remained closed for over 600 days. Melbourne was under six lockdowns totalling 265 days since March 2020, which resulted in the author’s experience of three semester-long remote teaching at one of the biggest and most prominent universities in Melbourne without any personal contact with international students. The author lived and worked in Melbourne during the COVID-19 era, so this study is based on her perspectives and experiences extended with a wide empirical evaluation of secondary data about the Australian academic sector between 2020 and 2021.
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Biswas, Mathin, and Marjorie Jerrard. "Photo elicitation in management history." Journal of Management History 24, no. 4 (September 10, 2018): 362–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-02-2018-0018.
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Purpose This paper aims to demonstrate advantages of using the photo elicitation technique from sociology, ethnography and visual anthropology to management history through reference to a study of job loss within the State Electricity Commission of Victoria in the Latrobe Valley, Australia, as it was undergoing transition and privatization in the early 1990s. Design/methodology/approach This is a methodology paper exploring photo elicitation and the theoretical perspectives of life course and identity work when applied in management history. Findings The use of photo elicitation encouraged interview participants to share their perspectives about the common experience of job loss in an Australian regional area which gave rise to some common themes about occupational identity and the challenges of being unemployed. Social implications After job loss, some common experiences have been found, namely, depression; drug and alcohol addiction; domestic violence and family break down; and even suicide. Originality/value Use of photo elicitation provided the methodology and framework to undertake original research in management history in an Australian region still experiencing denidustrialization of brown coal mining and power generation.
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Cardinal, B. R., and L. Christidis. "Mitochondrial DNA and morphology reveal three geographically distinct lineages of the large bentwing bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) in Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 48, no. 1 (2000): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo99067.
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A combined molecular and morphological analysis was undertaken to resolve the systematics of the Miniopterus schreibersii complex in Australia. The study of skull morphology and sequence analysis of two mitochondrial genes, nicotinamine dehydrogenase subunit 2 and cytochrome-b, revealed three distinct Australian forms of M. schreibersii which are treated as subspecies. M. s. orianae occurs in northern Australia, M. s. oceanensis occurs in eastern Australia from Queensland through to central Victoria and M. s. bassanii, sp. nov. occurs in Western Victoria and eastern South Australia. The biogeographical history of the complex in Australia is discussed in the light of this new revision.
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Moyo, Nompilo, Ee Tay, and Justin Denholm. "‘Know Your Epidemic’: Are Prisons a Potential Barrier to TB Elimination in an Australian Context?" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 3, no. 3 (August 31, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3030093.
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Globally, rates of tuberculosis (TB) cases in prisons are substantially higher than in the general population. The goal of this study was to review TB notifications in Victorian correctional facilities, and consider whether additional interventions towards TB elimination may be useful in this setting. All patients who were notified with or treated for TB in the Australian state of Victoria from 1 January 2003 to 1 December 2017 were included in this study. Descriptive analysis was performed. Demographic and treatment outcome data for individuals with and without a history of incarceration were reviewed and compared. Of the 5645 TB cases notified during the study period, 26 (0.5%) had a history of being incarcerated in correctional facilities while receiving treatment for TB. There were 73,238 inmates in Victorian correctional facilities over the same study period, meaning that approximately 0.04% of inmates were diagnosed or treated with TB disease in correctional facilities. Incarcerated individuals were more likely to have positive sputum smears and cavitation compared with nonincarcerated people with TB. There was no significant difference in treatment outcomes between the general TB population and those who had a history of incarceration during their treatment. There is a low apparent rate of TB in Victorian prisoners, and prisons do not contribute significantly to TB incidence in Victoria. Overall, TB outcomes do not differ between prisoners and nonprisoners. Ongoing efforts to sustain these lower rates and comparable outcomes in this vulnerable cohort are important for continued progress towards TB elimination.
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LANTSBERG, Daniel, Yossi MIZRACHI, and Darren KATZ. "Micro-TESE Outcomes for Non-Obstructive Azoospermia — The First Australian Series." Fertility & Reproduction 04, no. 03n04 (September 2022): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318222740528.
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Background: Micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) for non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) was shown to achieve the best sperm retrieval rate (SRR) compared to other techniques. However, to date there is no large series of published Australian data. Aim: To study the incidence and predicting factors of successful sperm extraction in men with NOA undergoing micro-TESE in Victoria. Method: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of all consecutive patients with confirmed NOA who were treated between August 2014 and April 2020 in a single medical centre in Melbourne, Victoria. None were excluded. Patients underwent micro-TESE and upon a successful sperm retrieval, sperm was either frozen for fertility preservation or used fresh for ICSI. Results: During the study period, 85 men with NOA underwent micro-TESE in our centre. The overall sperm retrieval rate (SRR) was 61.2% (52/85). All patients with a history of surgically treated cryptorchidism or childhood diseases had a successful sperm retrieval. Patients with Kleinfelter syndrome had a 75% SRR. Patients with Idiopathic NOA and patients with a history of chemotherapy had a 50% and 40% SRR, respectively. Among the different types of testicular pathology, the highest SRR was found in men with complete hyalinization (100%). Hypospermatogenesis was associated with a high SRR of 93.3%, while Sertoli-cell-only histology was associated with only 46.3% SRR. The SRR has significantly increased from 33.3% in 2015-2016 to 73.6% in 2019-2020 (p=0.003). On Multivariate logistic regression analysis, baseline FSH levels <20 IU and history of childhood disease or Klinefelter syndrome were significantly associated with successful sperm retrieval. The cumulative pregnancy rate was 23.7%. Conclusion: This first report from Australia indicates that micro-TESE is an effective method for the treatment of NOA with high SRR and pregnancy rate. Our results can help patient management and counseling.
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Keneley, Monica. "Closer settlement in the Western District of Victoria: a case study in Australian land use policy, 1898–1914." Journal of Historical Geography 28, no. 3 (July 2002): 363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhge.2002.0458.
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Denniston, Charlotte, Elizabeth K. Molloy, Chee Yan Ting, Qi Fei Lin, and Charlotte E. Rees. "Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of learning communication in the healthcare workplace: an Australian interview study." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e025445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025445.
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ObjectivesThe literature focuses on teaching communication skills in the ‘classroom’, with less focus on how such skills are informally learnt in the healthcare workplace. We grouped healthcare work based on the cure:care continuum to explore communication approaches based on work activities. This study asks: 1) How do healthcare professionals believe they learn communication in the workplace? 2) What are the differences (if any) across the ‘type of work’ as represented by the cure:care continuum?DesignThis qualitative study used semi-structured individual interviews.SettingCommunity care and acute hospitals in Australia (Victoria and New South Wales).ParticipantsTwenty qualified healthcare professionals (medicine n=4, nursing n=3, allied health n=13) from various clinical specialties (eg, acute, rehabilitation, surgery, palliative care) participated.MethodsData were analysed using framework analysis, which involved the development of a thematic coding framework. Findings were mapped to participants’ descriptions of work using the cure:care continuum.ResultsThree themes were identified that varied across the cure:care continuum: professional discourse—tying communication approaches to work activities; personal identities—the influence of personal identities on healthcare communication and role modelling—the influence of others in the socially bound context of healthcare work.ConclusionsThis study highlights the influence of professional, personal and social factors on the learning of healthcare communication in the workplace. Our study illuminates differences in communication practice related to work activities, as conceptualised by the cure:care continuum. The results call for further examination of the ‘nature’ of work activities and the concomitant influence on developing healthcare communication.
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Poetsch, Susan. "Unrecognised language teaching: Teaching Australian Curriculum content in remote Aboriginal community schools." TESOL in Context 29, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/tesol2020vol29no1art1423.
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The case study in this article offers a descriptive account of challenges involved in teaching Australian Curriculum content in the common teaching context in remote communities where an Indigenous language is spoken as the everyday form of communication and students learn English in what is essentially a foreign language setting. An on-theground description of the work of a Primary school teaching team servesto illustrate the language teaching aspect of delivering Australian Curriculum content in areas such as History, Geography and Science. This aspect of the teaching team’s work is underestimated in the curriculum itself and in the guidance provided to teachers, yet is essential for student learning in this context. While the team draws on students’ L1 and early L2 English proficiency abilities to teach curriculum content, this work is not expedited from outside their classroom. An analysis of current curriculum offerings and the teaching team’s approaches finds that they receive little direction for the extensive language planning required. The findings suggest an urgent need for tailor-made curriculum and teacher guidance which better recognise this dual language context. This article canvases different curriculum settings that would alleviate this situation considerably, not only for this teaching team but for others in similar remote schools.
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Barry, Damien, Donna Pendergast, and Katherine Main. "Teacher Perspectives on the use of the Australian Professional Standards for Teachers as part of their Evaluation Process." Australian Journal of Teacher Education 45, no. 8 (August 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2020v45n8.1.
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Teacher effectiveness has a powerful impact on student performance and a teacher evaluation process that supports professional growth can be a key lever for improving teaching quality. The purpose of this study was to examine teacher perspectives on the use of the Australian Professional Standards for Teachers, when used as part of their evaluation process, and, to determine what other factors may need to be considered in the design and implementation of such a process. A single case study of a school in Victoria, Australia was conducted, using a pre and post interview approach with six teachers. Responses were analysed using a thematic network methodology. Findings reveal that the inclusion of The Standards as part of any evaluation mechanism is secondary to a range of other factors, including the relationship the teacher has with their evaluator; the skills of the evaluator; and the addition of a developmental plan post evaluation.
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Stevens, Robin S. "Pathfinder and Role Model: Ada Bloxham, Australian Vocalist and Tonic Sol-fa Teacher." Journal of Historical Research in Music Education 39, no. 2 (January 18, 2017): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536600616669360.
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The Australian mezzo-soprano Ada Beatrice Bloxham (1865–1956) was the inaugural winner (in 1883) of the Clarke Scholarship for a promising musician resident in the Colony of Victoria to study at the Royal College of Music in London. She was the first Australian to enrol at the Royal College of Music and to graduate as an Associate of the College in 1888, and she was the first woman to be awarded a Fellowship of the Tonic Sol-fa College, London, also in 1888. After a period teaching and performing in Japan (1893–1899), she married and lived variously in South Africa, England, and France, returning to Australia in 1927. Due most probably to her marriage and family responsibilities, she appears not to have achieved her full potential as a performer and teacher. Nevertheless, Bloxham is worthy of recognition as having gained success as a musician and educator both in her native Australia and abroad during her early and middle years, and as a pathfinder and role model for other women during the early years of their musical careers.
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Robertson, Carmen. "Utilising PEARL to Teach Indigenous Art History: A Canadian Example." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 41, no. 1 (August 2012): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2012.9.
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This article explores the concepts advanced from the Australian Learning and Teaching Council (ALTC)-funded project, ‘Exploring Problem-Based Learning pedagogy as transformative education in Indigenous Australian Studies’. As an Indigenous art historian teaching at a mainstream university in Canada, I am constantly reflecting on how to better engage students in transformative learning. PEARL offers significant interdisciplinary theory and methodology for implementing content related to both Canadian colonial history and Indigenous cultural knowledge implicit in teaching contemporary Aboriginal art histories. This case study, based on a third-year Indigenous art history course taught at University of Regina, Saskatchewan in Canada will articulate applications for PEARL in an Aboriginal art history classroom. This content-based course lends itself to an interdisciplinary pedagogical approach because it remains outside the traditional disciplinary boundaries accepted in most Eurocentric-based histories of art. Implementing PEARL both theoretically and methodologically in tandem with examples of contemporary Indigenous art allows for innovative ways to balance course content with the sensitive material required for students to better understand and read art created by Indigenous artists in Canada in the past 40 years.
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Postle, Glen, and Andrew Sturman. "Widening Access to Higher Education – An Australian Case Study." Journal of Adult and Continuing Education 8, no. 2 (May 2003): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jace.8.2.6.
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In this paper the authors trace the development of equity within the Australian higher education context over the latter part of the last century. In particular they focus on the ways different perspectives (liberalist-individualist and social democratic) have shaped what has been a dramatic increase in the number and diversity of students accessing higher education in Australia. The adoption of a specific perspective has influenced the formation of policies concerning equity and consequently the way universities have responded to the pressures to accept more and different students. These responses are captured under two main headings – ‘restructuring the entry into higher education’ and ‘changing the curriculum within higher education’. Several examples of current programs and procedures based upon these are explained. The paper concludes with the identification of three ‘dilemmas' which have emerged as a result of the development and implementation of equity processes and procedures in higher education in Australia. These are: (a) While there has been an increase in the number and range of students accessing higher education, this has been accompanied by a financial cost to the more disadvantaged students, a cost which has the potential to exacerbate equity principles. (b) For one of the first times in the history of higher education, a focus is being placed on its teaching and learning functions, as opposed to its research functions. The problem is that those universities that have been obliged to broaden their base radically have also been obliged to review their teaching and learning practices without any budgetary compensation. (c) A third consequence of these changes relates to the life of a traditional academic. Universities that have been at the forefront of ‘changing their curriculum’ to cope with more diverse student groups (open and distance learning) have seen the loss of ‘lecturer autonomy’ as they work more as members of teams and less as individuals.
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Curtis, Kate, Margaret Fry, Sarah Kourouche, Belinda Kennedy, Julie Considine, Hatem Alkhouri, Mary Lam, et al. "Implementation evaluation of an evidence-based emergency nursing framework (HIRAID): study protocol for a step-wedge randomised control trial." BMJ Open 13, no. 1 (January 2023): e067022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067022.
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IntroductionPoor patient assessment results in undetected clinical deterioration. Yet, there is no standardised assessment framework for >29 000 Australian emergency nurses. To reduce clinical variation and increase safety and quality of initial emergency nursing care, the evidence-based emergency nursing framework HIRAID (History, Identify Red flags, Assessment, Interventions, Diagnostics, communication and reassessment) was developed and piloted. This paper presents the rationale and protocol for a multicentre clinical trial of HIRAID.Methods and analysisUsing an effectiveness-implementation hybrid design, the study incorporates a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial of HIRAID at 31 emergency departments (EDs) in New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland. The primary outcomes are incidence of inpatient deterioration related to ED care, time to analgesia, patient satisfaction and medical satisfaction with nursing clinical handover (effectiveness). Strategies that optimise HIRAID uptake (implementation) and implementation fidelity will be determined to assess if HIRAID was implemented as intended at all sites.Ethics and disseminationEthics has been approved for NSW sites through Greater Western Human Research Ethics Committee (2020/ETH02164), and for Victoria and Queensland sites through Royal Brisbane & Woman’s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (2021/QRBW/80026). The final phase of the study will integrate the findings in a toolkit for national rollout. A dissemination, communications (variety of platforms) and upscaling strategy will be designed and actioned with the organisations that influence state and national level health policy and emergency nurse education, including the Australian Commission for Quality and Safety in Health Care. Scaling up of findings could be achieved by embedding HIRAID into national transition to nursing programmes, ‘business as usual’ ED training schedules and university curricula.Trial registration numberACTRN12621001456842.
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Chu, Isabel E.-Hui, Weranja Ranasinghe, Madeleine Nina Jones, and Philip McCahy. "Prone versus modified supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy: which is more cost effective in an Australian tertiary teaching hospital?" Journal of Clinical Urology 12, no. 5 (December 20, 2018): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051415818817131.
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Introduction: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is currently one of the main treatment options for large renal stones, but the effect of positioning on comparative costing has been scarcely documented. We aimed to compare the cost effectiveness of modified supine with traditional prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedures in the context of Victoria, Australia. Materials and methods: A prospective group of 236 renal units (224 patients) was included in the two-site study, with 76 performed in the prone position and 160 performed in the modified supine position. Costing was calculated using a ‘bottom-up’, all-inclusive framework that generates per-hour costs for theatre, recovery unit and ward costs from base costs and maintenance costs. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy-specific equipment was added to calculate comparative costs of modified supine versus prone procedures. Chi squared and T tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: There was a significant difference in the overall costing between the modified supine and prone groups. The modified supine group had a lower total cost (AUD$6424.29) compared to the prone group (AUD$7494.79) ( P=0.007), lower operative costs (AUD$4250.93 vs. AUD$5084.29, P=0.002) and lower ward costs (AUD$533.55 vs. AUD$1130.20, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in recovery times in the modified supine and prone groups, although the modified supine group appeared to have shorter recovery times (AUD$690.69 vs. AUD$586.05, P=0.209). Conclusions: Modified supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy has significantly lower total costs, operative costs and ward costs compared to prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Larger randomised trials are needed to assess these findings further. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
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Subasinghe, Asvini K., Yasmin L. Jayasinghe, John D. Wark, Alexandra Gorelik, Suzanne M. Garland, on behalf of the Young Female Health Initiative (YFHI), and Safe-D Study Groups. "Factors associated with unwanted sexual experiences of young Australian females: an observational study." Sexual Health 14, no. 4 (2017): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16238.
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Background Behavioural and lifestyle factors associated with childhood unwanted sexual experiences (USE) have yet to be investigated in Australian females aged less than 18 years. Methods: Women aged 16–25 years living in Victoria were recruited via targeted advertising on Facebook. A web-based validated questionnaire was used to collect information on participant demographics, mental health, USE and sexual behaviours. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associations between a history of childhood (<16 years) and adolescent (16−18 years) USE and indices of sexual orientation. Results: Data were collected from 639 females (mean ± s.d. age 22 ± 3 years). Approximately 14% reported childhood USE and 15% reported adolescent USE. Approximately 37% of survivors of childhood USE reported penile-genital contact in relation to their USE. Participants who reported depression were almost four times as likely to have experienced childhood USE than those who did not report suffering from depression (odds ratio 3.6, 95% confidence interval 2.1−6.0, P < 0.001). Positive associations between childhood USE, same-sex relationships and smoking were also detected. Conclusions: A strong relationship between childhood USE, depression and same-sex sexual behaviours was found, but results did not determine the direction of this association. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to investigate whether there are groups of individuals who are at a high risk of experiencing childhood USE, so that appropriate support systems can be put in place.
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O'Sullivan, Patrick, and Judith Maitland. "Greek and Latin Teaching in Australian and New Zealand Universities: A 2005 Survey." Antichthon 41 (2007): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066477400001787.
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The study of Latin and Ancient Greek at tertiary level is crucial for the survival of Classics within the university sector. And it is not too much to say that the serious study of Greco-Roman antiquity in most, if not all, areas is simply impossible without the ancient languages. They are essential not just for the broad cross-section of philological and literary studies in poetry and prose (ranging at least from Homer to the works of the Church Fathers to Byzantine Chroniclers) but also for ancient history and historiography, philosophy, art history and aesthetics, epigraphy, and many branches of archaeology. In many Classics departments in Australia, New Zealand and elsewhere, enrolments in non-language subjects such as myth, ancient theatre or epic, or history remain healthy and cater to a broad public interest in the ancient Greco-Roman world. This is, of course, to be lauded. But the status of the ancient languages, at least in terms of enrolments, may often seem precarious compared to the more overtly popular courses taught in translation. Given the centrality of the ancient languages to our discipline as a whole, it is worth keeping an eye on how they are faring to ensure their prosperity and longevity.
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McKenzie, Kirsten, and Sue Wood. "Asthma Terminology and Classification in Hospital Records." Health Information Management 34, no. 2 (June 2005): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335830503400203.
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Asthma is a national health priority area in Australia, and there is significant interest in capturing relevant detail about hospitalisations as a result of asthma. A public submission received by the National Centre for Classification in Health from a large teaching hospital in Victoria suggested that current classification terminology in ICD-10-AM did not adequately reflect the terms recorded in clinical inpatient records, and that patterns and severity of asthma better reflected current clinical terminology in Australian hospitals. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the public submission and inform future changes to ICD-10-AM. A representative sample of over 3000 asthma records across Australia and New Zealand were extracted, and the asthma terminology documented and codes assigned were recorded and analysed. The study concluded that there was little support for either pattern terminology or the current classification terminology; however, severity of asthma was commonly used in asthma documentation.
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Benjamin Wilkie. "Family Networks and the Australian Pastoral Industry: A Case Study of the Port Phillip District and Victoria in the Late Nineteenth Century." Agricultural History 91, no. 1 (2017): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3098/ah.2017.091.1.78.
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Quartly, Marian. "‘[W]e Find Families for Children, Not Children for Families’: An Incident in the Long and Unhappy History of Relations between Social Workers and Adoptive Parents." Social Policy and Society 11, no. 3 (March 30, 2012): 415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746412000097.
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Relatively little work on adoption focuses on the role of social workers. This article gives an account of the conflict between social workers and prospective adoptive parents which developed in Australia in the 1970s, taking as a case study the conflicting roles of adoptive parent advocates and professional social workers within the Standing Committee on Adoption in the Australian state of Victoria. Its overarching concern lies with the historical attitudes of the social work profession towards adoption, both domestic and intercountry, as these have changed from an embrace of both adoption and adoptive parents to mutual alienation. It concludes that the inclusive practice of radical social work could only briefly contain contesting client groups.
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Harman, Kristyn E. "The transformative power of digital humanities in teaching family history online." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 15, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.15.3.7.
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This paper explores the transformative power of digital humanities in teaching family history online to large cohorts of Australian domestic students. It takes as a case study a unit developed specifically for students to learn about how to research their convict ancestors’ lives and how to situate their ancestors’ lived experiences within relevant wider contexts. Its focus is twofold. The convergence of rapidly expanding digital repositories and databases of family history-related information and increasingly sophisticated online teaching platforms and how this has facilitated a shift from face-to-face to fully online learning and teaching is examined. The ways in which this transformative change was engineered through the unit design, delivery, and evaluative processes are then canvassed. The case study demonstrates how, with thoughtful, well-structured, and innovative approaches to design and by adopting a bespoke delivery model for online delivery, students can readily learn to access and engage critically with extensive online resources and can be equipped with the digital tools to use these optimally and to their satisfaction.
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Clemann, Nick. "Cold-blooded indifference: a case study of the worsening status of threatened reptiles from Victoria, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 21, no. 1 (2015): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc14901.
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For the first time in the history of life, a biodiversity extinction crisis is being driven by a single species – humans. Humans also have unprecedented control over both the threats and conservation actions that influence this crisis. When prioritising conservation actions, innate human bias often favours endothermic vertebrates over other fauna. Reptiles are the least popular terrestrial vertebrate class, and consequently are particularly disadvantaged in terms of being listed as threatened and receiving conservation management. Despite 30 years of formally evaluating and listing threatened vertebrates in the Australian State of Victoria, there is a strong worsening trend in the conservation status of all faunal groups. The deteriorating status of Victorian reptiles mirrors worrying documented trends in reptile conservation status around the world. I review the history of listing threatened reptiles in Victoria, detail worsening trends in their conservation status, and suggest that, as in other parts of the world, the threats common to most listed taxa are climate change, habitat loss and degradation, and elevated rates of predation by exotic predators. I also identify poor advice and planning as a considerable threat to Victorian reptiles; this threat is rarely reported, but may be more pervasive than currently recognised. I argue that what is needed for most reptiles to have the greatest chance of persisting in the long term is prevention of habitat loss and degradation, research to underpin listing and management, improved policy so that unproven management strategies are not sanctioned, and vetting of consultant’s reports so that unproven ‘mitigation’ strategies and inadequate preimpact surveys do not mask the true cost of loss and degradation of habitat.
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Carnegie, Garry D. "The accounting professional project and bank failures." Journal of Management History 22, no. 4 (September 12, 2016): 389–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-04-2016-0018.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the strategies and dynamics of the fledging accounting professional project in the context of boom, bust and reform in colonial Victoria. In doing so, the study provides evidence of the association of members of the Incorporated Institute of Accountants, Victoria (IIAV) (1886) and other auditors with banks that failed during the early 1890s Australian banking crisis, and addresses the implications for the professionalisation trajectory. Design/methodology/approach The study uses primary sources, including the surviving audited financial statements of a selection of 14 Melbourne-based failed banks, reports of relevant company meetings and other press reports and commentaries, along with relevant secondary sources, and applies theoretical analysis informed by the literature on the sociology of the professions. Findings IIAV members as bank auditors are shown to have been associated with most of the bank failures examined in this study, thereby not being immune from key problems in bank auditing and accounting of the period. The study shows how the IIAV, while part of the problem, ultimately became part of a solution that was regarded within the association’s leadership as less than optimal, essentially by means of 1896 legislative reforms in Victoria, and also addresses the associated implications. Practical implications The study reveals how a deeper understanding of economic and social problems in any context may be obtainable by examining surviving financial statements and related records sourced from archives of surviving business records. Originality/value The study elucidates accounting’s professionalisation trajectory in a colonial setting during respective periods of boom, bust and reform from the 1880s until around 1896 and provides insights into the development of financial auditing practices, which is still an important topic.
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Mendes, Philip, and Badal Moslehuddin. "Moving out from the state parental home: A comparison of leaving care policies in Victoria and New South Wales." Children Australia 29, no. 2 (2004): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200005976.
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Young people leaving care are arguably one of the most vulnerable and disadvantaged groups in society. Compared to most young people, they face numerous barriers to accessing educational, employment and other developmental and transitional opportunities.Using information from interviews and a range of documents, this study compares the leaving care supports currently available in two Australian states, Victoria and New South Wales. Attention is drawn to the history of the leaving care debate in both states, the nature of the existing legislative and program supports for care leavers in each state, the key political and policy actors that have either helped or hindered the development of leaving care policies and services in each state, and the principal unmet needs of care leavers in each state.The findings suggest that NSW leads the way in terms of providing effective legislative and program supports to care leavers. The differences between Victoria and NSW are attributed to a number of factors including particularly the different relationships between the respective government bureaucracies and non-government child welfare sectors.
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Cardoso, Barbara, Ewa Szymlek-Gay, Blaine Roberts, Melissa Formica, Jenny Gianoudis, Stella O’Connell, Caryl Nowson, and Robin Daly. "Selenium Status Is Not Associated with Cognitive Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study in 154 Older Australian Adults." Nutrients 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 1847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10121847.
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Selenium was suggested to play a role in modulating cognitive performance and dementia risk. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between selenium status and cognitive performance, as well as inflammatory and neurotrophic markers in healthy older adults. This cross-sectional study included 154 older adults (≥60 years) from Victoria, Australia. Participants were assessed for cognitive performance (Cogstate battery), dietary selenium intake (two 24-h food recalls), plasma selenium concentration, inflammatory markers (interleukin (IL)-6, -8, -10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and adiponectin) and neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1). Dietary selenium intake was adequate for 85% of all participants. The prevalence of selenium deficiency was low; only 8.4% did not have the minimum concentration in plasma required for optimization of iodothyronine 5′ deiodinases activity. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that plasma selenium was not associated with cognitive performance, inflammatory markers nor neurotrophic factors, independent of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), habitual physical activity, APOE status, education, and history of cardiovascular disease. The lack of association might be due to the optimization of selenoproteins synthesis as a result of adequate selenium intake. Future prospective studies are recommended to explore potential associations of selenium status with age-associated cognitive decline.
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Anae, Nicole. "“Among the Boer Children”." History of Education Review 45, no. 1 (June 6, 2016): 28–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-12-2014-0049.
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Purpose – There exists no detailed account of the 40 Australian women teachers employed within the “concentration camps” established by British forces in the Orange River and Transvaal colonies during the Boer War. The purpose of this paper is to critically respond to this dearth in historiography. Design/methodology/approach – A large corpus of newspaper accounts represents the richest, most accessible and relatively idiosyncratic source of data concerning this contingent of women. The research paper therefore interprets concomitant print-based media reports of the period as a resource for educational and historiographical data. Findings – Towards the end of the Boer War in South Africa (1899-1902) a total of 40 Australian female teachers – four from Queensland, six from South Australia, 14 from Victoria and 16 from New South Wales – successfully answered the imperial call conscripting educators for schools within “concentration camps” established by British forces in the Orange River and Transvaal colonies. Women’s exclusive participation in this initiative, while ostensibly to teach the Boer children detained within these camps, also exerted an influential effect on the popular consciousness in reimagining cultural ideals about female teachers’ professionalism in ideological terms. Research limitations/implications – One limitation of the study relates to the dearth in official records about Australian women teachers in concentration camps given that; not only are Boer War-related records generally difficult to source; but also that even the existent data is incomplete with many chapters missing completely from record. Therefore, while the data about these women is far from complete, the account in terms of newspaper reports relies on the existent accounts of them typically in cases where their school and community observe their contributions to this military campaign and thus credit them with media publicity. Originality/value – The paper’s originality lies in recovering the involvement of a previously underrepresented contingent of Australian women teachers while simultaneously offering a primary reading of the ideological work this involvement played in influencing the political narrative of Australia’s educational involvement in the Boer War.
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Safitri, Lis. "CONTEMPORARY EDUCATION IN AUSTRALIA: WELLBEING EDUCATION AT BALCOMBE GRAMMAR SCHOOL MOUNT MARTHA VICTORIA." Lentera Pendidikan : Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan 23, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/lp.2020v23n1i4.
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Abstract:Australian schools paid a great attention to the students’ wellbeing at school. This study aimed to explain wellbeing education in Australia with Balcombe Grammar School as a sample of the study. This research was qualitative research using descriptive method. The primary data had been collected through interview, documentation, and observation at Balcombe Grammar School (BGS) Mount Martha, Victoria in 2017. The data had been analyzed using Miles and Huberman framework. The result showed that wellbeing education in Australia was instructed by the Australian Government, organized by the school, and helped by independent institutions named KidsMatter, MindMatters, and CASEL. Balcombe Grammar School had some programs on wellbeing education, such as the golden time, circle time, faith and wellbeing classes, pastoral care classes, and health classes. These programs were not only conducted as part of BGS curriculum but also integrated into the teaching instruction in all of the subjects and daily life at school.Abstrak:Sekolah-sekolah di Australia telah memberikan perhatian yang cukup besar terhadap pendidikan wellbeing para siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pendidikan wellbeing di Australia dengan mengambil Balcombe Grammar School sebagai sampel penelitian. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan dengan metode wawancara, dokumentasi, dan observasi di Balcombe Grammar School (BGS) Mount Martha, Victoria pada tahun 2017. Data dianalisis dengan model analisis Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan wellbeing di Australia diatur oleh Pemerintah Federal Australia, dijalankan oleh masing-masing sekolah, dan dibantu oleh lembaga independen yang bernama KidsMatter, MindMatters, dan CASEL. Balcommbe Grammar School memiliki beberapa program dalam mengembangkan pendidikan wellbeing di sekolah, misalnya golden time, circle time, faith and wellbeing classes, pastoral care classes, dan health classes. Program-program tersebut tidak berjalan secara parsial melainkan terintegrasi di kelas dalam pelajaran lain serta dalam kehidupan keseharian selama jam sekolah berlangsung.
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El-Hage, Charles, Zelalem Mekuria, Kemperly Dynon, Carol Hartley, Kristin McBride, and James Gilkerson. "Association of Equine Herpesvirus 5 with Mild Respiratory Disease in a Survey of EHV1, -2, -4 and -5 in 407 Australian Horses." Animals 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 3418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123418.
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Equine herpesviruses (EHVs) are common respiratory pathogens in horses; whilst the alphaherpesviruses are better understood, the clinical importance of the gammaherpesviruses remains undetermined. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of, and any association between, equine respiratory herpesviruses EHV1, -2, -4 and -5 infection in horses with and without clinical signs of respiratory disease. Nasal swabs were collected from 407 horses in Victoria and included clinically normal horses that had been screened for regulatory purposes. Samples were collected from horses during Australia’s equine influenza outbreak in 2007; however, horses in Victoria required testing for proof of freedom from EIV. All horses tested in Victoria were negative for EIV, hence archived swabs were available to screen for other pathogens such as EHVs. Quantitative PCR techniques were used to detect EHVs. Of the 407 horses sampled, 249 (61%) were clinically normal, 120 (29%) presented with clinical signs consistent with mild respiratory disease and 38 (9%) horses had an unknown clinical history. Of the three horses detected shedding EHV1, and the five shedding EHV4, only one was noted to have clinical signs referable to respiratory disease. The proportion of EHV5-infected horses in the diseased group (85/120, 70.8%) was significantly greater than those not showing signs of disease (137/249, 55%). The odds of EHV5-positive horses demonstrating clinical signs of respiratory disease were twice that of EHV5-negative horses (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.16). No quantitative difference between mean loads of EHV shedding between diseased and non-diseased horses was detected. The clinical significance of respiratory gammaherpesvirus infections in horses remains to be determined; however, this survey adds to the mounting body of evidence associating EHV5 with equine respiratory disease.
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Perrie, Leon R., Daniel J. Ohlsen, Lara D. Shepherd, Michael Garrett, Patrick J. Brownsey, and Michael J. Bayly. "Tasmanian and Victorian populations of the fern Asplenium hookerianum result from independent dispersals from New Zealand." Australian Systematic Botany 23, no. 6 (2010): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb10028.
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The fern Asplenium hookerianum Colenso (Aspleniaceae) is indigenous to New Zealand and Australia. In New Zealand, it is widespread and genetically diverse, with 26 haplotypes previously identified for the chloroplast trnL–trnF locus. In Australia, A. hookerianum is currently known only from two small populations in Victoria and two in Tasmania. The present study assessed the diversity, relationships and biogeographic history of the Australian populations. A single trnL–trnF haplotype was identified in Tasmanian populations, and it was shared with populations in south-western New Zealand. The single haplotype found in Victorian populations was unique and most similar to a haplotype found in populations from central and eastern North Island, New Zealand. Relationships among haplotypes suggest that the two Australian haplotypes are derived within the group (not close to the root of the haplotype network) and only distantly related. This pattern is consistent with two independent dispersals of A. hookerianum from New Zealand to Australia. These findings are unique in providing evidence for more than one trans-Tasman dispersal event in a species of vascular plant.
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Rose, Louise, Sioban Nelson, Linda Johnston, and Jeffrey J. Presneill. "Decisions Made By Critical Care Nurses During Mechanical Ventilation and Weaning in an Australian Intensive Care Unit." American Journal of Critical Care 16, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2007.16.5.434.
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Background Responsibilities of critical care nurses for management of mechanical ventilation may differ among countries. Organizational interventions, including weaning protocols, may have a variable impact in settings that differ in nursing autonomy and interdisciplinary collaboration. Objective To characterize the role of Australian critical care nurses in the management of mechanical ventilation. Methods A 3-month, prospective cohort study was performed. All clinical decisions related to mechanical ventilation in a 24-bed, combined medical-surgical adult intensive care unit at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, a university-affiliated teaching hospital in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, were determined. Results Of 474 patients admitted during the 81-day study period, 319 (67%) received mechanical ventilation. Death occurred in 12.5% (40/319) of patients. Median durations of mechanical ventilation and intensive care stay were 0.9 and 1.9 days, respectively. A total of 3986 ventilation and weaning decisions (defined as any adjustment to ventilator settings, including mode change; rate or pressure support adjustment; and titration of tidal volume, positive end-expiratory pressure, or fraction of inspired oxygen) were made. Of these, 2538 decisions (64%) were made by nurses alone, 693 (17%) by medical staff, and 755 (19%) by nurses and staff in collaboration. Decisions made exclusively by nurses were less common for patients with predominantly respiratory disease or multiple organ dysfunction than for other patients. Conclusions In this unit, critical care nurses have high levels of responsibility for, and autonomy in, the management of mechanical ventilation and weaning. Revalidation of protocols for ventilation practices in other clinical contexts may be needed.
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Markwick, Alison, Zahid Ansari, Mary Sullivan, and John McNeil. "Social determinants and psychological distress among Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander adults in the Australian state of Victoria: A cross-sectional population based study." Social Science & Medicine 128 (March 2015): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.01.014.
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MESSNER, ANDREW. "LAND, LEADERSHIP, CULTURE, AND EMIGRATION: SOME PROBLEMS IN CHARTIST HISTORIOGRAPHY." Historical Journal 42, no. 4 (December 1999): 1093–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x99008663.
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In 1996 Miles Taylor published an historiographical review of Chartism in which he argued that our understanding of the movement has stagnated since the publication of important research by Gareth Stedman Jones and Dorothy Thompson in 1983–4. Taylor suggests that the new cultural history of politics (or the ‘linguistic turn’) is to blame for this ‘impasse’, and argues that scholars should consolidate the work of Stedman Jones and Thompson. I argue that Chartist historians should continue to engage with contemporary approaches. The new political history sheds light on some persistent problems of interpretation which Taylor passes over. It also raises the possibility of extending the study of Chartism into the colonial realm, an area historians have not yet seriously broached. In conclusion, a sketch is given of the significance of Chartist political culture in one episode of protest in the Australian colony of Victoria in 1853.
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Thornton, Katherine, Susan Webster, and Meredith Temple-Smith. "Is immunisation for children and young people in statutory care in Victoria 'all too hard'? A qualitative study with health professionals." Australian Journal of Primary Health 25, no. 2 (2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py18096.
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This formative study aimed to identify health professionals’ perspectives on vaccination issues among children in statutory out-of-home care in Victoria. Eight health professionals, drawn from a purposive Victorian sample known to be proactive in addressing the vaccination needs of children in out-of-home care, took part in semi-structured interviews. Questions addressed participants’ views about roles and responsibilities, barriers and enabling factors affecting vaccination, and ideas about systems improvements. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically. The main themes that emerged were health professionals’ observations about vaccine hesitancy among significant adults in the out-of-home care sector, the paucity of child medical history information available and diffuse responsibility for the provision of legal consent to vaccination. More accurate immunisation status monitoring appears warranted for children in out-of-home care. Unless the collection and maintenance of child medical records improves and vaccination consent processes are streamlined, health professionals will be limited in their capacity to provide efficient vaccination services to these children. Research on vaccine hesitancy among staff and carers in the statutory care sector may be of value. This study supports other Australian research that indicates these children may require more targeted, inter-sectoral immunisation approaches.
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Sharma, Saroj Kumar, Jagannath Aryal, and Abbas Rajabifard. "Remote Sensing and Meteorological Data Fusion in Predicting Bushfire Severity: A Case Study from Victoria, Australia." Remote Sensing 14, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071645.
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The extent and severity of bushfires in a landscape are largely governed by meteorological conditions. An accurate understanding of the interactions of meteorological variables and fire behaviour in the landscape is very complex, yet possible. In exploring such understanding, we used 2693 high-confidence active fire points recorded by a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor for nine different bushfires that occurred in Victoria between 1 January 2009 and 31 March 2009. These fires include the Black Saturday Bushfires of 7 February 2009, one of the worst bushfires in Australian history. For each fire point, 62 different meteorological parameters of bushfire time were extracted from Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric high-resolution Regional Reanalysis for Australia (BARRA) data. These remote sensing and meteorological datasets were fused and further processed in assessing their relative importance using four different tree-based ensemble machine learning models, namely, Random Forest (RF), Fuzzy Forest (FF), Boosted Regression Tree (BRT), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Google Earth Engine (GEE) and Landsat images were used in deriving the response variable–Relative Difference Normalised Burn Ratio (RdNBR), which was selected by comparing its performance against Difference Normalised Burn Ratio (dNBR). Our findings demonstrate that the FF algorithm utilising the Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA) method has the best predictive performance of 96.50%, assessed against 10-fold cross-validation. The result shows that the relative influence of the variables on bushfire severity is in the following order: (1) soil moisture, (2) soil temperature, (3) air pressure, (4) air temperature, (5) vertical wind, and (6) relative humidity. This highlights the importance of soil meteorology in bushfire severity analysis, often excluded in bushfire severity research. Further, this study provides a scientific basis for choosing a subset of meteorological variables for bushfire severity prediction depending on their relative importance. The optimal subset of high-ranked variables is extremely useful in constructing simplified and computationally efficient surrogate models, which can be particularly useful for the rapid assessment of bushfire severity for operational bushfire management and effective mitigation efforts.
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Merrillees, R. S. "Greece and the Australian Classical connection." Annual of the British School at Athens 94 (November 1999): 457–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s006824540000068x.
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The study of ancient Greek and Latin in Australia and New Zealand, especially at Sydney Church of England Grammar School in New South Wales, produced this century a number of leading scholars who made a major contribution to the study of Old World archaeology in Europe and Australia this century. Among them were V. G. Childe, T. J. Dunbabin, J. R. Stewart and A. D. Trendall. In developing their respective fields of expertise, all spent some time in Greece, as students, excavators, research workers and soldiers, and had formative links with the British School at Athens. Australia's debt to the Classics is reflected not only in the life-long attachment to their legacy, and to Greece, by the former Prime Minister, the Hon. E. G. Whitlam, but in the perpetuation of their influence in such Colonial and modern structures as the monument of Lysicrates in Sydney's Botanic Gardens and the National Library and new Parliament House in Canberra, and in an official poster illustrating multiculturalism in Australia. Despite their role in shaping Australia's European history, the teaching of Classics is under threat as never before, and the late Enoch Powell, at one time Professor of Ancient Greek at the University of Sydney, has stigmatised the obscurantism which threatens to impoverish if not undermine Western civilisation by closing access to knowledge of our Classical past.
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O'Connor, Daniel W., David M. Clarke, and Ian Presnell. "How is Psychiatry Taught to Australian and New Zealand Medical Students?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 1 (February 1999): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.1999.00512.x.
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Objective: This study aimed to describe the amount, format and content of psychiatry teaching programs in all 12 Australian and New Zealand medical schools. Method: A structured questionnaire which included definitions and coding instructions was completed by class coordinators for the years of 1995 or 1996. Missing and inconsistent data were checked by coordinators and results were confirmed by heads of department. Results: Most departments of psychiatry taught throughout the undergraduate course. Only three made no contribution to pre-clinical teaching. The time devoted to clinical tuition ranged from 279 to 454 h per university with a mean of 353 h. Clinical attachments occupied most time (mean = 70%), followed by small group teaching (mean = 19%) and lectures (mean = 11%). Medical schools varied greatly in the attention given to history taking and mental state examination, psychological therapies and the sub-specialties of child and aged psychiatry. Clinical attachments were mostly to adult inpatient units. Private psychiatric hospitals and clinics were used infrequently as were consultation-liaison psychiatry services and primary care. Conclusion: There is a need to broaden the clinical experience of students to better equip them for future medical practice. There appears to be a serious mis-match between the settings in which most students are taught and the settings in which most will work later as non-psychiatric practitioners. It was disappointing that psychological therapies received so little attention given the central place of counselling in modern medical practice.
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Hocking, P. J., and M. J. McLaughlin. "Genotypic variation in cadmium accumulation by seed of linseed, and comparison with seeds of some other crop species." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 4 (2000): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99124.
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The accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in plants is a health issue because a range of grain and vegetable crops can accumulate levels of Cd that are in excess of limits set by the World Health Organization and individual countries. Many Australian agricultural soils used to produce confectionery linseed have a history of intensive use of Cd-contaminated phosphatic fertilisers and this, combined with soil properties such as high chloride salinity, can result in enhanced availability of Cd to crops. We investigated genotypic variation in Cd accumulation in seed of 17 linseed and Linola (termed linseed) lines from Australia and elsewhere in a glasshouse study using a soil from southern Australia that had a history of the application of Cd-contaminated phosphatic fertiliser. Canola, Indian mustard, lupins, and wheat were also included in the study for comparison. Under the experimental conditions, Cd concentrations in seed of all but one of the linseed lines exceeded the maximum permitted concentration (MPC) of 250 µg/kg for confectionery linseed traded on the international market. There was a 2.3-fold variation in seed Cd concentrations between all the linseed lines (range, 233–545 µg/kg). Linseed lines from Australia and overseas were equally capable of accumulating Cd in seed. Brown-seeded and golden-seeded lines accumulated similar concentrations of Cd. Canola, Indian mustard, lupins, and wheat accumulated about 10-fold lower concentrations of Cd in seed than linseed, and did not exceed Australian or other MPCs. There was little difference in Cd concentrations between the seed and de-seeded capsules of linseed, but a large difference in Cd concentration between the seed and de-seeded fruit parts of the other crops. The mean seed to de-seeded fruit part Cd concentration ratio for linseed was 0.87 : 1 compared with a ratio of 0.35 : 1 for the other crops, suggesting that linseed has comparatively ineffective barriers discriminating against the transport of Cd to seed. Analysis of seed lots of confectionery linseed sampled from a grain receival depot showed that seed lots from farms in Victoria (range 140–560 µg Cd/kg) had 5-fold greater Cd concentrations than those from farms in New South Wales (range 20–160 µg/kg). This is presumably due to a more intensive history of the application of Cd-contaminated phosphatic fertiliser to pastures and crops in Victoria, as well as differences in environmental and soil conditions.
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Whitehead, Kay. "Australian women educators’ internal exile and banishment in a centralised patriarchal state school system." Historia y Memoria de la Educación, no. 17 (December 18, 2022): 255–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/hme.17.2023.33121.
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This article explores Australian women teachers’ struggles for equality with men from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. While Australia purported to be a progressive democratic nation, centralised patriarchal state school systems relied on women teachers to fulfil the requirements of free, compulsory and secular schooling. This study focuses on the state of South Australia where women were enfranchised in 1894, far ahead of European countries. However, women teachers were subjected to internal exile in the state school system, and banished by the marriage bar. The article begins with the construction of the South Australian state school system in the late nineteenth century. The enforcement of the marriage bar created a differentiated profession of many young single women who taught prior to marriage; a few married women who required an income; and a cohort of senior single women who made teaching a life-long career and contested other forms of subordination to which all women teachers were subject. Led by the latter group, South Australian women teachers pursued equality in early twentieth century mixed teachers unions and post-suffrage women’s organisations; and established the Women Teachers Guild in 1937 to secure more equal conditions of employment. The paper concludes with the situation after World War Two when married women were re admitted to the state school system to resolve teacher shortages; and campaigns for equal pay gathered momentum. In South Australia, the marriage bar was eventually removed in 1972.
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Wilson, Annabelle M., Kaye Mehta, Jacqueline Miller, Alison Yaxley, Jolene Thomas, Kathryn Jackson, Amanda Wray, and Michelle D. Miller. "Review of Indigenous Health Curriculum in Nutrition and Dietetics at One Australian University: An Action Research Study." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 44, no. 1 (May 20, 2015): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2015.4.
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This article describes a review undertaken in 2012–2013 by Nutrition and Dietetics, Flinders University, to assess the Indigenous health curriculum of the Bachelor of Nutrition and Dietetics (BND) and Masters of Nutrition and Dietetics (MND). An action research framework was used to guide and inform inquiry. This involved four stages, each of which provided information to reach a final decision about how to progress forward. First, relevant information was collected to present to stakeholders. This included identification of acknowledged curriculum frameworks, a review of other accredited nutrition and dietetics courses in Australia, a review of Indigenous health topics at Flinders University, including liaison with the Poche Centre for Indigenous Health and Well-Being (Indigenous health teaching and research unit), and a review of BND and MND current curriculum related to Indigenous health. Second, input was sought from stakeholders. This involved a workshop with practising dietitians and nutritionists from South Australia and the Northern Territory and discussions with Flinders University Nutrition and Dietetics academic staff. Third, a new curriculum was developed. Nine areas were identified for this curriculum, including reflexivity, approach and role, history and health status, worldview, beliefs and values, systems and structures, relationship building and communication, food and food choice, appreciating and understanding diversity, and nutrition issues and health status. Fourth, a final outcome was achieved, which was the decision to introduce a core, semester-long Indigenous health topic for BND students. A secondary outcome was strengthening of Indigenous health teaching across the BND and MND. The process and findings will be useful to other university courses looking to assess and expand their Indigenous health curriculum.
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Middleton, Sarah, and Michael Buist. "Thoughtful questions in the history as new pedagogy for teaching patient centred care: A pilot study in an Australian Rural Clinical School (RCS)." Journal of Contemporary Medical Education 6, no. 1 (2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jcme.20161216053958.
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Catroppa, Cathy, Nikita Tuli Sood, Elle Morrison, Justin Kenardy, Suncica Lah, Audrey McKinlay, Nicholas Ryan, et al. "The Australian and New Zealand brain injury lifespan cohort protocol: Leveraging common data elements to characterise longitudinal outcome and recovery." BMJ Open 13, no. 1 (January 2023): e067712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067712.
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IntroductionCognitive, behavioural, academic, mental health and social impairments are common following paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, studies are often reliant on small samples of children drawn from narrow age bands, and employ highly variable methodologies, which make it challenging to generalise existing research findings and understand the lifetime history of TBI.Method and analysisThis study will synthesise common data sets from national (Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland) and international (New Zealand) collaborators, such that common data elements from multiple cohorts recruited from these four sites will be extracted and harmonised. Participant-level harmonised data will then be pooled to create a single integrated data set of participants including common cognitive, social, academic and mental health outcome variables. The large sample size (n=1816), consisting of participants with mild, moderate and severe TBI, will provide statistical power to answer important questions that cannot be addressed by small, individual cohorts. Complex statistical modelling, such as generalised estimation equation, multilevel and latent growth models, will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was granted by the Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of the Royal Children’s Hospital (RCH), Melbourne (HREC Reference Number 2019.168). The approved study protocol will be used for all study-related procedures. Findings will be translated into clinical practice, inform policy decisions, guide the appropriate allocation of limited healthcare resources and support the implementation of individualised care.
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Mulcock, Jane, and Natalie Lloyd. "Human-Animal Studies in Australia: Current Directions." Society & Animals 15, no. 1 (2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853007x169306.
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AbstractIn 2004, Natalie Lloyd and Jane Mulcock initiated the Australian Animals & Society Study Group, a network of social science, humanities and arts scholars that quickly grew to include more than 100 participants. In July 2005, about 50 participants attended the group's 4-day inaugural conference at the University of Western Australia, Perth. Papers in this issue emerged from the conference. They exemplify the Australian academy's work in the fields of History, Population Health, Sociology, Geography, and English and address strong themes: human-equine relationships; management of native and introduced animals; and relationships with other domestic, nonhuman animals—from cats and dogs to cattle. Human-Animal Studies is an expanding field in Australia. However, many scholars, due to funding and teaching concerns, focus their primary research in different domains. All authors in this issue—excepting one—are new scholars in their respective fields. The papers represent the diversity and innovation of recent Australian research on human-animal interactions. The authors look at both past and present, then anticipate future challenges in building an effective network to expand this field of study in Australia.
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TAYLOR, ANDREA C., JENNY MARSHALL GRAVES, NEIL D. MURRAY, STEPHEN J. O'BRIEN, N. YUHKI, and BILL SHERWIN. "Conservation genetics of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): low mitochondrial DNA variation amongst southern Australian populations." Genetical Research 69, no. 1 (February 1997): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672397002607.
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Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations in southern Australia have a history of bottlenecks – earlier this century the species became extinct in South Australia, and almost so in Victoria. Subsequently large numbers of animals from island populations (founded from very few animals) have been translocated back to mainland sites and to other islands in the region. As part of a larger study of the genetic structure of koala populations in southern Australia, we have undertaken a survey of mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (mtDNA-RFLP) variability. Genomic DNA from 91 koalas from five populations was examined using 23 restriction enzymes, and mtDNA fragments were detected using a domestic cat full-length mtDNA clone. Only one of the enzymes, TaqI, revealed polymorphism – a relatively low amount of variation compared with other mammals, although low mtDNA-RFLP variation has also been reported in Queensland koalas. French Island and populations established predominantly from French Island immigrant koalas, either directly or via other island populations, were indistinguishable by haplotype frequencies. The mtDNA data are thus consistent with the interpretation that the koala translocation programme has homogenized gene frequencies amongst those populations involved. South Gippsland is not recorded as having received translocated koalas directly, and has significantly different mtDNA-RFLP haplotype frequencies from all other populations examined. The fact that this distinction was not previously observed in nuclear gene frequencies may reflect predominantly male-mediated dispersal in koalas.
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Thomas, Amy, and Beth Marsden. "Surviving School and “Survival Schools”: Resistance, Compulsion and Negotiation in Aboriginal Engagements with Schooling." Labour History: Volume 121, Issue 1 121, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlh.2021.17.
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In Australia, Aboriginal peoples have sought to exploit and challenge settler colonial schooling to meet their own goals and needs, engaging in strategic, diverse and creative ways closely tied to labour markets and the labour movement. Here, we bring together two case studies to illustrate the interplay of negotiation, resistance and compulsion that we argue has characterised Aboriginal engagements with school as a structure within settler colonial capitalism. Our first case study explains how Aboriginal families in Victoria and New South Wales deliberately exploited gaps in school record collecting to maintain mobility during the mid-twentieth century and engaged with labour markets that enabled visits to country. Our second case study explores the Strelley mob’s establishment of independent, Aboriginal-controlled bilingual schools in the 1970s to maintain control of their labour and their futures. Techniques of survival developed in and around schooling have been neglected by historians, yet they demonstrate how schooling has been a strategic political project, both for Aboriginal peoples and the Australian settler colonial state.
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Manning, Richard. "The New Zealand (School Curriculum) ‘History Wars’: The New Zealand Land Wars Petition and the Status of Māori Histories in New Zealand Schools (1877–2016)." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 47, no. 2 (June 28, 2017): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2017.13.
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This article draws upon historical evidence and theoretical insights to critique the New Zealand government's negative response to a popular petition developed by students of Otorohanga College. The petition called for the New Zealand Land Wars to become a ‘prescribed course of study’ (topic) in New Zealand schools. This article consequently reviews the status of Māori histories in New Zealand schools from 1877 to 2016. This review is followed by a critique of the New Zealand government's response to the petition. This will be of interest to an Australian audience grappling with issues relating to the teaching of Indigenous peoples’ histories in schools.