Journal articles: 'Australian South East Fishery'

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Prince, Jeremy D. "Ecosystem of the South East Fishery (Australia), and fisher lore." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00042.

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A description of the marine ecosystem that sustains fisheries production around south-eastern Australia is based on a synthesis of fisher lore of the demersal trawling sector, a review of the literature and a decade of the author’s field observations. A wide range of species are fished demersally in the South East Fishery (SEF). Until recently, managers and researchers have often implicitly assumed that many of these demersally caught species were neritic and lived in close association with the seabed. In contrast, fisher lore emphasizes the pelagic and oceanic nature of the commercial resource together with its environmentally forced variability. This paper substantially supports the views of the fishers. Up to 90%of the primary production of the SEF ecosystem may be garnered by fish foraging through extensive, but relatively sparse, oceanic phytoplankton and gelatinous zooplankton communities. Sporadically, climatic conditions cause oceanographic features to interact with shelf-break features and create ephemeral hotspots of primary production along the shelf break. Fish of the SEF take advantage of these productivity events to aggregate for feeding and breeding and their episodes of aggregation and dispersion cause the large seasonal variations in catchability observed with the shelf-break species. Implications for ecosystem management are briefly discussed.

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Baelde, Pascale. "Fishers' description of changes in fishing gear and fishing practices in the Australian South East Trawl Fishery." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99149.

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Between the mid 1980s and early 1990s, the concurrence of three major events significantly altered the structure and dynamics of the demersal trawl sector in the Australian South-East Fishery (SEF). These events included marked technological improvement, severe decline of major fish stocks and introduction of an Individual Transferable Quota system. They have led to a switch from maximizing catch volume to maximizing catch composition and quotas, with important associated changes in fishing practices and catches. To better understand these changes and their effect on stock assessment and management, an industry survey asked SEF trawl fishers to describe their fishing gear and fishing practices in detail. This paper is a qualitative synthesis of current trends in fishing that most significantly affect the single-species, logbook-dependent assessment and management of the fishery. It demonstrates how effective collaboration between scientists and fishers can benefit fisheries research and management, by helping scientists make more informed analysis and interpretations of fisheries data.

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Grieve, Chris, and Geoff Richardson. "Recent history of Australia's South East Fishery; a manager's perspective." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00070.

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A brief history of the South East Fishery is presented, focussing on the period 1986–2000. With the realization in the 1980s that natural resources are finite, active fisheries management became more of a focus for the Australian Federal Government. This paper describes the Federal Government’s fisheries management objectives since the mid 1980s as well as major new policy initiatives, and seeks to measure the performance of the fishery against key management objectives. A few simple indicators of change are examined with particular reference to the pursuit of economic efficiency.

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Lowry, Michael, and Jeff Murphy. "Monitoring the recreational gamefish fishery off south-eastern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 4 (2003): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01269.

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The east coast Australian gamefish fishery is a diverse, multi-species fishery that targets billfish, sharks, tuna and other pelagic fish along the east Australian seaboard. A Gamefish Tournament Monitoring Program (GTMP) was undertaken, and 39021 angler trips from 1996 to 2000 were analysed. The program reports on trends in fishing effort, catch rates, catch composition, proportions of captures tagged and released and spatial distribution of catches for the principal recreational billfish species: black marlin (Makaira indica), striped marlin (Tetrapterus audax) and blue marlin (Makiara nigricans).The GTMP was principally designed as part of an integrated program to monitor the recreational gamefish fishery. The spatial and temporal design of the program restricted statistical analyses however, there were trends in fishing effort, directed effort, catch rates, catch composition, proportions of fish tagged and spatial distribution of catches for the principal recreational billfish species over seven successive years (1994–2000). Analysis of catch data, stratified by directed effort, indicated significant differences in catches of target species, demonstrating the importance of calculating catch rate estimates according to the main target preference. Analysis of tournament based tagging information indicated that while overall tournament tagging rates remained high (88%) there were significant differences in the number of fish tagged between species groups highlighting the impact that angler attitude and the competition point score structure has on the harvest of gamefish target species.

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Ward, R. D., S. A. Appleyard, R. K. Daley, and A. Reilly. "Population structure of pink ling (Genypterus blacodes) from south-eastern Australian waters, inferred from allozyme and microsatellite analyses." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 7 (2001): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01014.

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Thirty eight allozyme loci were examined in orange and pink morphs of pink ling (Genypterus blacodes) and in rock ling (G. tigerinus). Six of the loci were species-diagnostic. No differences were observed between the orange and pink morphs, which appear to be the juvenile and adult forms respectively of pink ling. The pink ling forms an important component of Australia’s South-East Fishery and is managed as a single stock. Three polymorphic allozyme loci (average heterozygosity 0.324) and nine polymorphic microsatellite loci (average heterozygosity 0.823) were examined in collections of pink ling from five regions of the fishery. Estimates of the extent of population subdivision were effectively zero (F ST values per locus ranging from 0.0052 to –0.0065, P values non-significant), and the null hypothesis of a single pink ling stock in the South East Fishery could not be rejected.

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Ward, R. D., and N. G. Elliott. "Genetic population structure of species in the South East Fishery of Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99184.

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A summary is given of allozyme, mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite data for commercially important species (13 fish and 7 shellfish) in Australia’s South East Fishery, including contiguous waters and the Tasman Sea. For most fish species, genetic population differentiation was limited and in about half the studies was non-detectable. Striking population differentiation was recorded for gemfish. For fish species, on average only 2–3% of the total genetic variation could be attributed to population differentiation within southern Australian waters. In shellfish, ~5% of variation arose from population differences. The reduced differentiation of fish populations may be due to a longer larval period and greater adult mobility. Although there was evidence that the Tasman Sea acts as a barrier to gene flow, with most fish species showing significant differences between Australia and New Zealand, the degree of differentiation was small (only ~2%). The limited genetic differentiation obserred for most species is attributable to the lack of major oceanographic and environmental barriers to gene flow, together with influential current systems; it necessitates large sample sizes for good genetic tests. However, significant genetic stock structuring is apparent for several fish and shellfish species – particularly for coastal species, where isolation by distance may explain some of the data. Any evidence for genetic stock structure must be factored into plans for sustainable management.

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Tilzey, R. D. J., and K. R. Rowling. "History of Australia's South East Fishery: a scientist's perspective." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99185.

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The South East Fishery is one of Australia’s oldest fisheries. Early research on this trawl fishery centred on tiger flathead, the major target species. In the 1970s, the Federal Government actively encouraged fishery development and funded several trawl surveys. Profitable catch rates and optimistic assessments of resource size caused a rapid expansion of the trawl fleet. Separate jurisdictions hampered strategic approaches to SEF-wide research until 1978. Most SEF research in the mid 1960s to mid 1980s was conducted by State fisheries agencies, but federal involvement increased thereafter. A management shift in 1992 to Individual Transferable Quotas saw stock assessment become the major research priority. Industry involvement in the stock assessment process has increased markedly over the past decade and communication between scientists, managers and industry has improved. Predictive models are still limited by poor biological data for most quota species. Stock assessment uncertainty necessitates the increasing use of risk assessments and management strategy evaluation. Assessment scientists are frustrated by limited resources for research and the perceived reluctance of managers to adopt more precautionary approaches to uncertainty. Since ITQ management, fishing effort has risen significantly and concerns have been expressed about the stock status of several SEF species. Recent federal environmental legislation is now directing more attention towards effects of fishing and resource sustainability issues.

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Connor, Robin, and Dave Alden. "Indicators of the effectiveness of quota markets: the South East Trawl Fishery of Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99164.

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This paper presents some results of an investigation into potential indicators for the assessment of markets for individual transferable fishing quota where price data do not exist. The economic logic for implementing such markets and how they are expected to work is used as a basis for asking questions about how well they are performing, and what might comprise evidence of problems. Given data on quota ownership, transfer and leasing, and associated catches, but no quota price data, indicators are suggested for monitoring and analysing market activity. These are applied to data from the Australian South East Trawl Fishery. Results are discussed in terms of the utility of the methods and the implications for management policy for the fishery.

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Smith, David C., Anthony D. M. Smith, and André E. Punt. "Approach and process for stock assessment in the South East Fishery, Australia: a perspective." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00150.

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The stock assessment process in the South East Fishery involves scientists, industry, fishery managers, economists and non-government organizations. A comparison with such processes in other countries, where stakeholder involvement ranges from government scientists only to involvement of scientists, industry and conservation non-government organizations, suggests that Australia is the only country in which fishery managers are active and integral stock-assessment participants. In Australia, as in several other countries, the form of advice is comparative (consequences of alternative decisions) rather than prescriptive. Although all approaches have advantages and disadvantages, the South East Fishery process has advantages that appear to clearly outweigh the disadvantages. The advantages include better communication among interest groups, improved ownership of and hence support for outcomes and better interactions among groups. The disadvantages include the cost of the process, lack of consistency among assessments, vulnerability of scientists and the frustrations of industry.

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Smith, Anthony D. M., and David C. Smith. "A complex quota-managed fishery: science and management in Australia's South East Fishery. Introduction and overview." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01029.

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The stock assessment process in the South East Fishery involves scientists, industry, fishery managers, economists and non-government organizations. A comparison with such processes in other countries, where stakeholder involvement ranges from government scientists only to involvement of scientists, industry and conservation non-government organizations, suggests that Australia is the only country in which fishery managers are active and integral stock-assessment participants. In Australia, as in several other countries, the form of advice is comparative (consequences of alternative decisions) rather than prescriptive. Although all approaches have advantages and disadvantages, the South East Fishery process has advantages that appear to clearly outweigh the disadvantages. The advantages include better communication among interest groups, improved ownership of and hence support for outcomes and better interactions among groups. The disadvantages include the cost of the process, lack of consistency among assessments, vulnerability of scientists and the frustrations of industry.

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Fairclough, D. V., W. F. Dimmlich, and I. C. Potter. "Reproductive biology of the Australian herring Arripis georgiana." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 6 (2000): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99119.

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Arripis georgiana was collected from along the Western Australian and South Australian coasts at regular intervals between October 1996 and December 1998. The trends exhibited during the year by gonadosomatic indices, gonadal maturity stages and oocyte stages demonstrate that spawning is restricted to south-western Australian waters from at least as far north as ~28˚43′S to as far east as ~119˚24′E, and that it occurs mainly during late May and early June. The simultaneous presence of post-ovulatory follicles and hydrated and yolk-granule oocytes in some ovaries during the spawning period indicates that A. georgiana is a multiple spawner, i.e. females spawn more than once in a breeding season. In south-western Australia, where all life-cycle stages are found, the overall sex ratio in catches collected by netting was close to parity, whereas females predominated in those obtained by anglers. The length at which 50% of fish reached maturity was 197 mm for females and 179 mm for males, and just over 50% of females and ~80% of males attained maturity at the end of their second year of life. The implications of these data for management of the fishery for A. georgiana are discussed.

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Barton, Diane P., Laura Taillebois, Jonathan Taylor, David A. Crook, Thor Saunders, Mark Hearnden, Alan Greig, et al. "Stock structure of Lethrinus laticaudis (Lethrinidae) across northern Australia determined using genetics, otolith microchemistry and parasite assemblage composition." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 4 (2018): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17087.

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The grass emperor Lethrinus laticaudis is a conspicuous element of the commercial and recreational catch from nearshore reef systems across northern Australia. The nearshore reef systems across northern Australia are exposed to increasing levels of fishing pressure from commercial and recreational fishers. To inform ongoing management of this species, the present study examined the stock structure of L. laticaudis across northern Australia using a combination of complementary techniques. In all, 342 L. laticaudis samples were collected from 13 locations in the coastal waters of northern Australia ranging from the Pilbara region of Western Australia to Moreton Bay in south-east Queensland. Population genetic analyses using microsatellite markers demonstrated that there were at least four genetically distinct populations across northern Australia with gene flow between management jurisdictions (with significantly more separation between Western Australian and Northern Territory locations than between Northern Territory and Queensland locations). An isolation by distance effect was evident (genetic differences increasing linearly with distance). Otolith microchemistry and parasitology analyses indicated some spatial structuring of populations within broader regions. These findings of restricted connectivity at small spatial scales suggest that L. laticaudis is vulnerable to localised depletion in areas where fishing effort is concentrated. This conclusion is consistent with recent observations of fishery declines in heavily fished locations.

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Punt, André E., Anthony D. M. Smith, and Gurong Cui. "Review of progress in the introduction of management strategy evaluation (MSE) approaches in Australia's South East Fishery." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99187.

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The MSE approach provides a simulation-based framework within which harvest strategies, stock assessment methods, performance indicators and research programmes can be compared. This approach has been used in the Australian South East Fishery (SEF) to assess harvest strategies for the over-exploited eastern gemfish resource and to compare different levels of discard monitoring for blue grenadier. The main challenges to use of the MSE approach in the SEF are poorly specified management objectives and the lack of quantitative stock assessments on which to build operating models for many of the species.

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Larcombe, James W. P., Kevin J. McLoughlin, and Richard D. J. Tilzey. "Trawl operations in the South East Fishery, Australia: spatial distribution and intensity." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99169.

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Trawl areas and intensities were mapped at coarse (22 km 1986–99)and fine (1 km 1995–99)scales, and statistics reported by area and depth stratum. Total effort in hours was relatively stable to 1992, then increased substantially to 1999. The total distance trawled from fine-scale analysis showed a similar trend for the 1995–99 period. Coarse-scale analysis from 1986–99 indicated effort increases in north-east Bass Strait in particular, and also off western Tasmania and west of Bass Strait. There was little change in the total area of the fishery from 1995 to 1999, but grid cells on the periphery showed considerable interannual variation in the presence or absence of fishing. Increased or redistributed effort tended to further concentrate in the relatively small high-effort areas, rather than increasing equally across the grounds, or spreading to new grounds. In the total management area, a small proportion of the 1 km grids was fished. However, in 200–1000 m depth strata, ≥50%of the grids were fished with some intensity. The consequences and compromises of spatial scale are discussed in terms of data quality, the use of trawl effort as a surrogate for marine disturbance, and the interpretation of catch rates.

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Bolch, CJS, NG Elliott, and RD Ward. "Enzyme variation in south-eastern Australian samples of the blue-eye or deepsea trevalla, Hyperoglyphe antarctica Carmichael 1818 (Teleostei: Stromateoidei)." Marine and Freshwater Research 44, no. 5 (1993): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930687.

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Six samples (n =67 to 154) of blue-eye or deepsea trevalla were collected from south-eastern Australia (seamounts off New South Wales, a seamount south-east of Tasmania called the Cascade Plateau, off the east, south and west coasts of Tasmania, and off the coast of South Australia). All fish were analysed by starch or cellulose acetate electrophoresis for the products of seven polymorphic loci (defined in this study as those with an average heterozygosity greater than 0.06); a minimum of 24 fish per area were also analysed for 29 other less variable loci. The average heterozygosity per locus was 5.3%. Polymorphic loci showed no significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The coefficient of genetic subpopulation differentiation, GST, was 0.38%. Bootstrapping procedures showed that this low value could be attributed to sampling error alone. Contingency Χ2 analysis similarly failed to reveal any significant inter-sample differentiation for any locus. The results indicate that gene flow is sufficient to prevent any genetic differentiation among the sampled localities. During the course of the study a second trevalla species, Schedophilus labyrinthicus, was identified in the New South Wales component of the fishery.

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Linnane, A. J., S. S. Penny, and T. M. Ward. "Contrasting fecundity, size at maturity and reproductive potential of southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii in two South Australian fishing regions." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 3 (May 2008): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408001021.

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The annual commercial catch from the Southern Zone of the South Australian rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) fishery is ~1900 tonnes, representing ~50% of total landings from south-east Australia. A single minimum legal size (MLS) of 98.5 mm carapace length (CL) exists across the entire zone. Fecundity (F), size at onset of maturity (SOM) and relative reproductive potential (RRP) of female rock lobsters were investigated in two major fishing regions, i.e. the North Southern Zone (NSZ) and South Southern Zone (SSZ) with a view to providing a basis for future fine-scale spatial management of the resource. F ranged from 45,292 to 466,800 eggs per female and increased proportionally with CL according to the relationship: F = 0.0584 × CL3.1642. F was significantly higher in the NSZ compared to the SSZ but was attributed to differences in lobster size between regions. There was no significant difference in the number of eggs · g−1 of egg mass between areas. SOM, estimated as the size at which 50% of females reached sexual maturity (L50) was higher in the NSZ (104.1 mm CL) compared to SSZ (92.3 mm CL). Approximately 20% of lobsters above the MLS in the commercial catch in the NSZ were under the L50 estimate. RRP, as a measure of egg production, was calculated for each size-class from the product of F, SOM and population length–frequency. The modal RRP size-classes in the NSZ were 117.5–122.5 mm CL, while in the SSZ it was 97.5–102.5 mm CL. Only 6% of RRP was contributed by female rock lobsters below the MLS in the NSZ, compared to 34% in the SSZ. Regional differences in SOM and RRP in the Southern Zone of South Australia suggest that different MLSs may be beneficial, particularly if the fishery is to be effectively managed at finer spatial scales.

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Woehler, Eric J. "The Distribution of Seabird Biomass in the Australian Antarctic Territory: Implications for Conservation." Environmental Conservation 17, no. 3 (1990): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900032409.

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The minimum total breeding seabird biomass in the Australian Antarctic Territory was estimated to be 9,971.1 t, dominated by Emperor Penguins, 3,863 t (38.7%) and Adélie Penguins, 5,825 t (58.4%). The 5° sector between 75°E and 80°E, in south-east Prydz Bay, held 35% of the total AAT seabird biomass. Prydz Bay has been shown to be an area of high productivity, and the concentration of seabird biomass in this area reflects the high biomass of prey species and the availability of nesting habitat in the Vestfold Hills, a large ice-free area adjacent to Prydz Bay. Activities associated With research stations are believed to be the only factors that have impacted on breeding seabird populations to date, but minerals activities, tourism and support facilities, and a Krill fishery, are future conservation issues that will have an impact on this major concentration of seabird biomass in East Antarctica.

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Coleman, Noel. "Counting scallops and managing the fishery in Port Phillip Bay, south-east Australia." Fisheries Research 38, no. 2 (October 1998): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-7836(98)00154-4.

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Gray, Charles A. "Spatial variation in by-catch from a prawn seine-net fishery in a south-east Australian coastal lagoon." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 7 (2001): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00121.

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Observer-based estimates of the catches and by-catches from prawn seining (locally termed ‘snigging’) in Tuggerah Lake (NSW, Australia) during the 1998/99 fishing season are presented. Observed catches included three species of penaeid prawns, while observed by-catches contained a total of 49 finfish and 5 invertebrate taxa. The overall by-catch:prawn catch ratio by weight was 0.9:1, and in catching an estimated 20 ± 4 t of prawns the fleet took an estimated total by-catch of ± 2 t throughout the 6-month fishing season. The by-catch included large numbers of small (<15 cm total length) finfish species important in other commercial and recreational fisheries, including Gerres subfasciatus,Rhabdosargus sarba and Acanthopagrus australis, as well as several small demersal species of little economic value. Multivariate analyses indicated that by-catch composition differed between seines taken over shallow seagrass and bare substrata, with catch rates of several species being greater over seagrass. It is recommended that strategies to reduce potential ecological impacts and by-catch in this fishery be investigated, including fixed spatial closures over seagrasses and the development of alternative fishing gears and practices.

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Liem, Gregory Arief D., Andrew J. Martin, Elizabeth Nair, Allan B. I. Bernardo, and Paulus Hidajat Prasetya. "Cultural Factors Relevant to Secondary School Students in Australia, Singapore, the Philippines and Indonesia: Relative Differences and Congruencies." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 19, no. 2 (December 1, 2009): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.19.2.161.

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AbstractWaldrip and Fisher (2000) proposed seven culturally relevant factors that are salient in the educational setting (gender equity, collaboration, competition, deference, modelling, teacher authority, congruence). In relation to these factors, the present study examined differences and congruencies in factor structure (i.e., differences of kind) and mean scores (i.e., differences of degree) among secondary school students in Australia, Singapore, the Philippines and Indonesia. The Cultural Learning Environment Questionnaire (CLEQ; Waldrip & Fisher, 2000) was administered to 920 students (n= 230 for each country, with boys and girls equally represented; mean age = 16 years). Factor analyses showed congruencies across the four samples on five factors. Interestingly, items pertaining to students' deference to and modelling of teachers and peers grouped into one factor for the Australian sample, but separated into two factors (peers and teacher) for the South-East Asian samples. In terms of mean scores on each factor, Australian students were higher than the Singaporean, Filipino and Indonesian students in their inclination to challenge or disagree with the teacher. On the other hand, the three groups of South-East Asian students scored higher than the Australian students in their preferences for collaboration and conformity in the classroom. Implications for counselling relevant to multicultural classroom and school contexts were discussed.

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Cui, Gurong, Nicholas J. Bax, André E. Punt, and Ian A. Knuckey. "Estimating gill-net selectivity for five species caught in the South East Fishery, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99162.

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A formal approach to estimating selectivity patterns that allows for variability additional to Poisson sampling variability is outlined. This approach, which involves assuming that the catch of fish by a particular size of gill-net in a given size-class is distributed according to a negative binomial distribution, is applied to data for five of the species caught by experimental gill-nets in Australia’s South East Fishery. The data for two of these species (blue warehou and dogfish) are not compatible with the conventional assumption that the size of fish corresponding to maximum selectivity is linearly proportional to mesh size. Selectivity and population size-structure are found to depend on depth and habitat type for some of the species. It is necessary therefore to target future experiments to depth zones/habitat types in which the bulk of the catch is taken to estimate selectivity patterns for use in stock assessments.

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Kompas, Tom, and Tuong Nhu Che. "Efficiency Gains and Cost Reductions from Individual Transferable Quotas: A Stochastic Cost Frontier for the Australian South East Fishery." Journal of Productivity Analysis 23, no. 3 (July 2005): 285–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11123-005-2210-1.

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Klaer, N. L. "Steam trawl catches from south-eastern Australia from 1918 to 1957: trends in catch rates and species composition." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00101.

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Haul-by-haul steam trawler catch and effort data for 1918–23, 1937–43 and 1952–57, which cover a large portion of the history of steam trawling in the Australian South East Fishery, were examined in detail for the first time. There were 64371 haul records in total. The catch-rate for all retained catch combined shows a strong decline overall, with a brief recovery during World War II, probably due to increased retention of previously discarded species. The fishing fleet moved to more distant fishing grounds and deeper waters as the catch-rate declined. The catch-rates of the main commercial species followed a similar pattern in a number of regions within the fishery. The catch-rate of the primary target species – tiger flathead (Neoplatycephalus richardsoni) – dropped considerably from the early, very high, catch-rates. Chinaman leatherjacket (Nelusetta ayraudi) and latchet (Pterygotrigla polyommata) – species that were apparently abundant in the early years of the fishery, virtually disappeared from catches in later years. The appearance of greater catches of jackass morwong (Nemadactylus macropterus), redfish (Centroberyx affinis) and shark/skate during the war and afterwards was probably due to increased retention of catches of these species. The disappearance of certain species from the catch may be due to high fishing pressure alone, or to a combination of fishing pressure, changes in the shelf habitat possibly caused by the trawl gear, and environmental fluctuations.

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Raoult, V., V. Peddemors, K. Rowling, and J. E. Williamson. "Spatiotemporal distributions of two sympatric sawsharks (Pristiophorus cirratus and P. nudipinnis) in south-eastern Australian waters." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 10 (2020): 1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19277.

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Sawsharks are one of the least well-known groups of sharks globally, yet they are caught in large numbers in south-eastern Australia. In this study we assessed spatiotemporal patterns of distribution of two co-occurring species of sawsharks, namely the common sawshark (Pristiophorus cirratus) and the southern sawshark (Pristiophorus nudipinnis), to guide future research in this area. To identify where the animals may occur in greater numbers, this study used the major commercial fishery datasets in the region, containing nearly 180000 catch records from 1990 to 2017. Several general patterns were evident. Sawsharks occurred at shallower and deeper depths than previously thought, and their geographical range was larger than documented in previous studies. Depth distributions of both species overlapped, but P. cirratus appeared more common in deeper water (at depths up to 500m), with peak common sawshark catch rates at ~400m. Seasonal standardised catch patterns across fishing methods suggested that migrations from deeper to shallower waters may occur in the Australasian autumn and winter. The greatest concentration of sawsharks, inferred by standardised catch rates, occurred to the east and west of Bass Strait between Tasmania and mainland Australia. Although standardised catch rates of sawsharks declined in gill-net fisheries by ~30%, primarily in the Bass Strait and Tasmania, sawsharks appear to be caught at consistent rates since the 1990s, inferring a possible resilience of these sharks to current levels of fishing pressure.

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Graham, K. J., N. L. Andrew, and K. E. Hodgson. "Changes in relative abundance of sharks and rays on Australian South East Fishery trawl grounds after twenty years of fishing." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99174.

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Upper continental slope trawling grounds (200–650 m depth) off New South Wales were surveyed with the same vessel and trawl gear and similar sampling protocols in 1976–77 (during the early years of commercial exploitation) and in 1996–97. The 1996–97 mean catch rate of sharks and rays, pooled for the main 15 species (or species groups), was ~20% of the 1976–77 mean. Individual catch rates were substantially lower in 1996–97 for 13 of the 15 species or species groups. The greatest decline was observed for dogsharks of the genus Centrophorus, which were most abundant in 1976–77 but rarely caught 20 years later. In contrast, 1996–97 catch rates of spiky dogshark (Squalus megalops) and, to a lesser extent, whitefin swell shark (Cephaloscyllium sp. A) were similar to those in 1976–77. Trawling during 1979–81 provided data for nine species, albeit not corrected for larger gear size, and the pooled mean catch rate for sharks and rays in the depth range 300–525 m was ~28% of the mean for 1976–77. The results suggest that the biomass of most species of sharks and rays declined rapidly as the fishery developed and is now at very low levels.

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Gray, Charles A., Martine V. Jones, Douglas Rotherham, Matt K. Broadhurst, Daniel D. Johnson, and Lachlan M. Barnes. "Utility and efficiency of multi-mesh gill nets and trammel nets for sampling assemblages and populations of estuarine fish." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 8 (2005): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05056.

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Two replicate multi-mesh gill and trammel nets, each comprising five 30 m long panels made from different-sized mesh (38, 54, 70, 90 and 100 mm stretched mesh openings) were fished in a south-east Australian barrier estuary over seven nights to evaluate their potential as sampling gears for fishery-independent surveys of estuarine fish assemblages. There were no differences in composition and structure of assemblages, mean abundance, or diversity of catches between the two types of net. The composition and structure of catches differed between mesh sizes, with the panels made from 38 and 54 mm mesh retaining significantly more fish and species than the larger-sized meshes. The two smallest mesh sizes were important for capturing sub-adults and juveniles of some species. Based on a greater precision of catch per unit effort (CPUE) estimates, less sampling effort and greater ease of use, the multi-mesh gill net was a better sampling unit than the trammel net for assessments of estuarine fish populations.

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Waitt, Gordon, and Kate Hartig. "Ecologically Sustainable Fishing in Theory and Practice: Individual transferable quotas in Australia's South East Fishery." Australian Geographer 31, no. 1 (March 2000): 87–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049180093556.

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BOSE, SHEKAR. "An Empirical Investigation of Price-quantity Relations of the Quota Species of Australia's South East Fishery." Marine Resource Economics 19, no. 2 (January 2004): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/mre.19.2.42629426.

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Punt, André E., and David C. Smith. "Assessments of species in the Australian South East Fishery can be sensitive to the method used to convert from size-to age-composition data." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99129.

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Information about the age-structure of the catch is one of the primary inputs to many of the methods of stock assessment currently applied to SEF species. Two methods for calculating the catch-, mean length-, and mean mass-at-age matrices from the data collected from the fishery are outlined. These methods are illustrated by applying them to data for blue grenadier, Macruronus novaezelandiae, and eastern school whiting, Sillago flindersi. The assessment and risk analysis results for blue grenadier are highly sensitive to the choice of method, whereas those for eastern school whiting are not. It is recommended that a method that allows for inter-annual variation in mean length- and hence mass-at-age should be the standard for SEF stock assessments but that sensitivity to alternative methods needs to be examined routinely.

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Piasente, M., I. A. Knuckey, S. Eayrs, and P. E. McShane. "In situ examination of the behaviour of fish in response to demersal trawl nets in an Australian trawl fishery." Marine and Freshwater Research 55, no. 8 (2004): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04054.

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In situ examination of the behaviour of fish was undertaken with underwater cameras positioned on demersal trawl gear used by Australia’s South East Trawl Fishery. Blue grenadier (Macruronus novaezelandiae), pink ling (Genypterus blacodes) and whiptails (Coelorinchus spp.) swam in an anguilliform mode whereas other species displayed a carangiform swimming mode. Tiger flathead (Neoplatycephalus richardsoni) and ocean perch (Heliocolenus spp.) were active in response to the approaching trawl net compared with the generally passive activity of whiptails, New Zealand dory (Cyttus novaezelandiae), and jackass morwong (Nemadactylus macropterus). However, when in the body of the trawl, gemfish were active while ocean perch, whiptails and New Zealand dory were generally passive. Some blue grenadier, ocean perch and whiptails escaped capture by passing through open meshes in the trawl mouth, whereas tiger flathead passed under the ground gear. In the trawl body, small numbers of blue grenadier passed through open meshes in the top panel whereas numerous spotted warehou swam faster than the towing speed, presumably escaping capture by swimming forwards and out of the trawl. Interspecific behavioural variation in escape response could be utilised to design more efficient trawl gears.

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Kloser, R. J., N. J. Bax, T. Ryan, A. Williams, and B. A. Barker. "Remote sensing of seabed types in the Australian South East Fishery; development and application of normal incident acoustic techniques and associated 'ground truthing'." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99181.

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Calibrated acoustic backscattering measurements using 12, 38 and 120 kHz were collected over depths of 30–230 m, together with benthic epi- and in-fauna, sediments, photographs and video data. Each acoustic ping was envelope detected and digitized by echo sounder to include both the first and second echoes, and specifically designed software removed signal biases. A reference set of distinct habitat types at different depths was established, and a simple classification of the seabed combined both biological and geological attributes. Four seabed types were identified as having broad biological and geological significance;the simple acoustic indices could discriminate three of these at a single frequency. This demonstrates that the acoustic indices are not directly related to specific seabed properties but to a combination of seabed hardness and roughness attributes at a particular sampling frequency. The acoustic-derived maps have greater detail of seabed structure than previously described by sediment surveys and fishers’ interpretation. The collection of calibrated digital acoustic data at multiple frequencies and the creation of reference seabed sites will ensure that new shape-and energy-based feature extraction methods on the ping-based data can begin to unravel the complexities of the seabed. The methods described can be transferred to higher-resolution swath-mapping acoustic-sampling devices such as digital side-scan sonars and multi-beam echo sounders.

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Young, J. W., R. Bradford, T. D. Lamb, L. A. Clementson, R. Kloser, and H. Galea. "Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) aggregations along the shelf break off south-eastern Australia: links between inshore and offshore processes." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99168.

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In May 1996 the biological oceanography of the main yellowfin tuna longline fishing waters off southern New South Wales, Australia, was examined in relation to the catch by the fishery. A warm-core eddy was identified directly east of Eden with a temperature at 250 m depth of 15˚C. At the western edge of this eddy, relatively high levels of fluorescence (chlorophyll a) were recorded together with pigments typical of diatoms, a feature of upwelling communities. The biomass of zooplankton and micronekton was also significantly higher at the western edge of the eddy. Similarly, acoustic data showed relatively high concentrations of backscatter at the margins of the eddy, particularly at the shelf break and slope. These areas had the greatest potential prey biomass; a fact supported by the presence of shelf-and slope-associated prey species in the stomachs of yellowfin tuna caught at the same time. Fishery data for yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) captures showed that catch per unit effort was highest along the shelf and shelf break. Examination of yellowfin tuna catch records from 1988 to 1998 from south-eastern Australia showed highest catches in 1996, ~75%of the catch coming from the western edge of the eddy. We conclude that the presence of a warm-core eddy in the area at this time provided a localized but productive area to which the yellowfin were attracted.

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Bruce, B. D., F. J. Neira, and R. W. Bradford. "Larval distribution and abundance of blue and spotted warehous (Seriolella brama and S. punctata: Centrolophidae) in south-eastern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99150.

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The early life histories of the commercially important blue and spotted warehous (Seriolella brama and S. punctata) were examined on the basis of archived ichthyoplankton samples collected over broad areas of southern Australia. Larvae of both species were widely distributed during winter and spring within shelf and slope waters. Larvae of S. brama were recorded from Kangaroo Island, South Australia (SA), to southern New South Wales (NSW). Seriolella punctata larvae were recorded from western Tasmania to southern NSW. Back-calculated spawning dates, based on otolith microstructure, indicated that spawning predominantly occurs during late July and August but that the timing of spawning varies between regions. The abundances of small larvae (<5. 0 mm body length) were highest for both species off western Tasmania and southern NSW. No small S. brama larvae were recorded between southern Tasmania and southern NSW, whereas low but consistent numbers of small S. punctata larvae were found between these regions. The data suggest that there are separate spawning areas for S. brama in western and eastern regions of Australia’s South East Fishery. The pattern for S. punctata is less clear, but suggests a more continuous link among populations in south-eastern Australia.

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Knuckey, Ian A., and K. P. Sivakumaran. "Reproductive characteristics and per-recruit analyses of blue warehou (Seriolella brama): implications for the South East Fishery of Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00022.

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Monthly samples of commercial catches of S. brama were collected between May 1996 and December 1997 in three regions of the fishery:off the east coast of Victoria; eastern Tasmania; and western Bass Strait. Sex ratio, gonadosomatic index, macroscopic and histological development, size at maturity and fecundity were estimated and combined with data on growth and mortality to perform per-recruit analyses. The main spawning period was during winter–spring and there was evidence of spawning in each of the three regions. Blue warehou reach maturity at 30–40 cm fork length. They have a determinate annual fecundity and spawn around three batches of eggs during a season. Eggs-per-recruit analyses revealed maximum egg production at ~40 cm (4–5 years) in an unfished population. Gill-net fishing, which targets fish >45 cm, was less likely to affect the relative eggs-per-recruit in a population than trawl fishing, which catches a wider range of smaller fish. These results are discussed in light of the current management arrangements in the fishery and will be used in models to assess the effect of fishing on the long-term sustainability of the blue warehou.

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35

Prince, Jeremy D., and David A. Griffin. "Spawning dynamics of the eastern gemfish (Rexea solandri) in relation to regional oceanography in south-eastern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00007.

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Experienced fishers believe the winter aggregations of gemfish are influenced by the following: cold bottom currents from the south and east flowing up onto the shelf; the edge of warm-core eddies; and topographic features along the shelf break. These claims were tested through observations made at sea during industry surveys of the winter gemfish seasons 1996 –98, and the study of 250 m isotherm charts, sea surface temperature data, and historic catch data. The study generally confirmed the anecdotal information collected from the fishers. The first gemfish aggregations of the winter season often form on the southern edge of a warm-core eddy. Secondarily, aggregations tend to form around the northern edge of the warm-core eddy if it is interacting with the shelf break. Finally, gemfish aggregate around the point at which the main flow of the East Australian Current (EAC) detaches from the continental shelf. This timing and location apparently coincides with conditions conducive to the production of subsurface plumes of nutrient-rich deep Sub-Antarctic mode Water. These plumes lead to seasonal enhancement of phytoplankton growth along the edge of the continental shelf, which may offer the adaptive advantage of enhancing the survival and growth of larval gemfish.

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36

Tsoi, K. H., K. Y. Ma, T. H. Wu, S. T. Fennessy, K. H. Chu, and T. Y. Chan. "Verification of the cryptic species Penaeus pulchricaudatus in the commercially important kuruma shrimp P. japonicus (Decapoda : Penaeidae) using molecular taxonomy." Invertebrate Systematics 28, no. 5 (2014): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is14001.

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The kuruma shrimp Penaeus japonicus Bate, 1888 (Decapoda : Penaeidae) is economically important in the global shrimp market. It was regarded as the only species in the subgenus Marsupenaeus. However, our previous molecular analyses revealed two cryptic species (Forms I and II) in this species complex. In this study, we confirm the phylogenetic relatedness between the two cryptic species; revise their taxonomic status; and review their range distribution. The name Penaeus pulchricaudatus Stebbing, 1914 (with type-locality off the eastern coast of South Africa), previously considered as a junior synonym of P. japonicus, is fixed for Form II through a neotype selection. P. japonicus (Form I) is only confined to the East China Sea (including Japan, its type-locality) and the northern South China Sea. P. pulchricaudatus is widely distributed in the South China Sea, Australia, the Red Sea, the Mediterranean, and the western Indian Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis shows that P. japonicus is genetically homogeneous yet P. pulchricaudatus exhibits a strong phylogeographical structure. The Mediterranean stock of P. pulchricaudatus originated from the Red Sea population, supporting the Lessepsian migration hypothesis. The presence of two closely related cryptic species in the P. japonicus species complex provides important insights into fishery management and aquaculture development.

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37

Dennis, Darren M., C. Roland Pitcher, and Timothy D. Skewes. "Distribution and transport pathways of Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius, 1776) and Panulirus spp. larvae in the Coral Sea, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 8 (2001): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01186.

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Distribution of phyllosoma larvae and pueruli of the rock lobster Panulirus ornatus and other Panulirus species was surveyed in the north-west Coral Sea in May 1997 and compared to ocean currents. Distribution of P. ornatus larvae revealed the sources of recruits to the Torres Strait lobster fishery. Phyllosomas and pueruli of P. ornatus dominated the Panulirus spp. plankton-trawl catch. Surviving pueruli were transferred to an aquarium to await confirmation of their identity. Pregilled P. ornatus phyllosomas were most abundant approximately 300 km east of the northern Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and near the confluence of the South Equatorial Current and Coral Sea Gyre. Gilled phyllosomas were also common there but most numerous adjacent to the GBR. Pueruli were most abundant adjacent to the GBR well south of Torres Strait. The distribution of P. ornatus phyllosomas and pueruli in relation to the ocean currents supported the hypothesis that phyllosomas are transported from the Gulf of Papua breeding grounds by the Hiri boundary current into the Coral Sea Gyre and then by surface onshore currents onto the Queensland coast and into Torres Strait. Distributions of larvae of other Panulirus species and the synaxid Palinurellus wieneckii differed from those of P. ornatus.

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38

Zeller, BM, BR Pollock, and LE Williams. "Aspects of Life History and Management of Tailor (Pomatomus saltatrix) in Queensland." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 2 (1996): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960323.

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Tailor (Pomatomus saltatrix) is an important commercial and recreational species. Published and unpublished information on the reproductive biology and seasonal migrations of P. saltatrix in southern Queensland are summarized for 1978-93. Gonad index (GI) data from commercial ocean beach catches gave mean monthly values for fish ≥ 250 LCF (length to caudal fork; n = 389), decreasing from January to April before increasing to a peak in November. R saltatrix taken on Fraser Island in September and on South Stradbroke Island in November had high GI values. Adult fish in spawning condition were captured, tagged and released (n = 7090) on Fraser Island beaches in 1978-80 and 1987-89. Most tagged fish dispersed southward, being recaptured within 400 km of the tagging point. Gonad maturity at tag release and recapture locations and egg concentrations in plankton tows identified a major spawning area for P. saltatrix as the inshore waters between Indian Head and Waddy Point, Fraser Island. Although it is generally accepted that the eggs and/or larvae move southward with the East Australian Current (EAC), distribution and movement of larval P. saltatrix in Queensland waters are not known. Juveniles inhabit and move extensively throughout estuaries to the south of Fraser Island until recruitment as adults on ocean beaches. Recent stock management strategies in Queensland include a minimum legal size of 300 mm (total length), an annual one-month (September) closure to all forms of fishing in the spawning area identified on Fraser Island and input controls on fishing effort of commercial ocean-beach net fishers. Bag limits for recreational anglers may be introduced.

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McGarvey, R., and P. S. Gaertner. "The South Australian lobster fishery management model." Environment International 25, no. 6-7 (September 1999): 913–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-4120(99)00045-8.

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40

Walters, Ian. "Antiquity of marine fishing in South-east Queensland." Queensland Archaeological Research 9 (December 1, 1992): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.9.1992.108.

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The Moreton Region Archaeology Project has investigated coastal sites in South-east Queensland since the late 1970s.Â Despite Pleistocene occupation in the area adjacent to the then coastline, and more recent coastal settlement dating to the later Middle Holocene, evidence of a well developed marine fishery dates only to the most recent 2,000 years.Â According to the data presently available, this does not appear to relate to taphonomic factors.

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41

Shaughnessy, Peter D., Simon D. Goldsworthy, Paul Burch, and Terry E. Dennis. "Pup numbers of the Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) at The Pages Islands, South Australia, over two decades." Australian Journal of Zoology 61, no. 2 (2013): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo13015.

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The Australian sea lion is an Australian endemic, restricted to South Australia and Western Australia, with 86% of the population in South Australia. It was listed under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act as Vulnerable in February 2005, and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature has listed it as Endangered. Sea lions are taken as bycatch in the gill-net fishery for school shark and gummy shark, and the risk of extinction of breeding colonies is high even from low levels of bycatch. We assessed trends in pup population size at The Pages Islands, a large breeding colony in South Australia. Pup abundance was estimated by direct counting of live and dead pups; the maximum count in each breeding season was used for trend analysis. The average of direct counts of pups in 14 breeding seasons between 1989–90 and 2009–10 was 473 (s.d. = 58.4). There was no trend in pup numbers, contrasting with two other large colonies: Seal Bay, Kangaroo Island (decreasing), and Dangerous Reef (increasing since 2000). The Australian Sea Lion Management Strategy of the Australian Fisheries Management Authority aims to reduce sea lion bycatch in the shark fishery; a key item is a fishery closure around each breeding colony in South Australia. Implementation of the closure around The Pages should lower the risk of bycatch of its sea lions with foraging areas that previously overlapped with the fishery and should allow the colony’s population size to increase.

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42

van Breda, L. K., and M. P. Ward. "Disinfectant susceptibility in south east Australian pig herds." Animal Production Science 57, no. 12 (2017): 2493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/anv57n12ab106.

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43

Illert, Christopher. "Lexigenesis in ancestral south-east Australian Aboriginal language." Journal of Applied Statistics 30, no. 2 (February 2003): 113–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0266476022000023703.

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Roy, P. S., R. J. Williams, A. R. Jones, I. Yassini, P. J. Gibbs, B. Coates, R. J. West, P. R. Scanes, J. P. Hudson, and S. Nichol. "Structure and Function of South-east Australian Estuaries." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 53, no. 3 (September 2001): 351–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2001.0796.

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Brooks, Kate. "Sustainable development: Social outcomes of structural adjustments in a South Australian fishery." Marine Policy 34, no. 3 (May 2010): 671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2009.12.008.

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46

Bryant, Pauline. "The south‐east lexical usage region of australian english1." Australian Journal of Linguistics 9, no. 1 (June 1989): 85–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07268608908599413.

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47

Gao, Jin, James T. Thorson, Cody Szuwalski, and Hui-Yu Wang. "Historical dynamics of the demersal fish community in the East and South China Seas." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 9 (2020): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18472.

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Taiwan has a long history of fishery operations and contributes significantly to the global fishery harvest. The East and South China seas are important fishing grounds for which publicly available data are very limited. More efforts are needed to digitise and analyse historical catch rate data to illuminate species and community changes in this region. In this study we digitised historical records of catch and effort from government fishery reports for nine commercial species caught by otter trawl, and reported quarterly from 1970 to 2001, from the East and South China seas. We analysed the four seasons and present abundance indices, distributions and among-species correlations for nine commercially important species from 1970 to 1988 (a period with high fishing effort) using a multispecies spatiotemporal model that estimates both covariation in multispecies catch rates, attributed to spatial habitat preferences and environmental responses, and indices representing trends in abundance and distribution. We found substantial spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal variation in the distribution of fishes and season-specific patterns. We recommend collaborative work from various adjacent countries to digitise historical records of fishing catch rates, because more records would potentially address scientific disagreements regarding trends in the abundance and distribution of commercial fishes in this region through comparative studies.

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Campbell, HF, and A. McIlgorm. "Comparative advantage and distant water fishing fleets: The Australian east coast tuna longline fishery." Marine Policy 21, no. 6 (November 1997): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-597x(97)00014-6.

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Stobart, Ben, Stephen Mayfield, and Jonathan Carroll. "Influence of Wind and Swelloncatch Rates in a Dive Fishery: A Case Study from the South Australian Abalone Fishery." Journal of Shellfish Research 35, no. 3 (October 2016): 685–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/035.035.0315.

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50

Leigh, George M., and William S. Hearn. "Changes in growth of juvenile southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii): an analysis of length-frequency data from the Australian fishery." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 2 (2000): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99029.

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Modal analysis is applied to historical length–frequency records of the Australian southern bluefin tunafishery, in order to quantify the variation in mean length from year to year. In the South Australian fishery in the first half of March, the mean length has ranged between 54 cm and 64 cm for 1-year-old fish, 73 cm and 85 cm for 2-year-old fish, and 85 cm and 100 cm for 3-year-old fish. The mean lengths of 2-, 3- and 4-year-old fish, and the increment from age 1 to age 3, have increased substantially over the history of the fishery. This increase in growth is probably a response to a decline in the population due to heavy fishing. In many years in the Western Australian fishery, two or more groups of 1-year-old fish were found: the mean lengths of these groups typically differed by 10 cm. Growth rates also varied markedly according to the season of the year.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Australian South East Fishery'

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