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Journal articles on the topic 'Australian rubgy league'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Fujak, Hunter, and Stephen Frawley. "Evaluating Broadcast Strategy: The Case of Australian Football." International Journal of Sport Communication 8, no. 4 (December 2015): 431–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2015-0064.

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The central aim of this study was to evaluate the broadcast strategies of Australia’s 2 leading commercial sports leagues, the Australian Football League and the National Rugby League. Specifically, the research focused on assessing the degree of exclusivity and geographic reach embedded in each broadcast agreement. In doing so, the research considered the impact of strategy in providing value to the broadcasters and teams, as well as utility to fans of each league, within Noll’s framework of broadcasting principles.

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2

Cottle, Drew, and Angela Keys. "The Blindside Flick: Race and Rugby League." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2, no. 2 (August 19, 2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v2i2.1406.

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The issue of race was virtually beyond the touchline in Australian rugby league before the 1960s. It was a white man’s game. Institutionalised racism meant that few Aboriginal men played rugby league at the highest professional level. It is now presumed that race and racism has no place in a game where these questions have been historically ‘out of bounds’. The dearth of critical writing in rugby league history indicates that racism in the sport has been subject to a form of social blindness and deemed unworthy of study. Rugby league’s white exclusionist past and the denial of racism in the present era indicate habits of mind which may be described in league argot as the ‘blindside flick’.

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3

Sheard, Michael. "A Cross-National Analysis of Mental Toughness and Hardiness in Elite University Rugby League Teams." Perceptual and Motor Skills 109, no. 1 (August 2009): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.109.1.213-223.

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The relation between nationality and selected indicators of psychological performance in rugby league football was examined. Mental toughness was assessed using the alternative Psychological Performance Inventory (PPI–A) and hardiness using the Personal Views Survey III–R (PVS III–R). Participants ( N = 49, M age = 21.7 yr., SD = 2.3) were male elite-level university rugby league footballers representing Australia and Great Britain. Participants completed the questionnaires in training camp in Sydney, Australia, one week prior to the commencement of an international tournament there in 2006. Multivariate analyses revealed that the Australian Universities players had significantly higher mean scores on Positive Cognition, Visualization, Total Mental Toughness, and Challenge than their opponents from Great Britain. The Australian Universities players were also the tournament winners. The findings concur with previous research indicating superior mental toughness and hardiness are related to successful sport performance. Practical implications focus on the potentiality of ameliorative cultural environments.

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4

Hilton, Deborah Joy. "Sports Monitoring with Moving Aerial Cameras Maybe Cost Efficient For Injury Prevention." SciMedicine Journal 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/scimedj-2020-0203-3.

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Objectives: An Australian access economics report (2009) estimated the lifetime cost of care is 5.0 million for a person whom suffers paraplegia and 9.5 million for quadriplegia, and costs/year are approximately $90,000. Hilton )2018( on drones at sporting venues discusses their potential to revolutionize injury surveillance monitoring via expert exposure gained for recording, investigation, tracking and monitoring of sporting injuries. Hilton (2018) reviewed rugby union and league Australian spinal cord injury datasets, finding more incident cases in the union then league [1]. Methods/Analysis: Wikipedia reports 20 professional rugby union and 26 rugby league playing fields in Australia. The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare document; Australian sports injury hospitalizations 2011–12 report just under 800 head and neck injuries requiring hospitalization related to rugby-related sports “35 neck fractures and 348 head fractures”. Brisbane’s leading drone aerial photography service “Droneworxs” according to previous enquiries by the author charge $650/hour to monitor a sporting event. A crude drone implementation cost estimate, hypothetically is to utilize this device across 46 professional clubs X 52 weeks one hour/week = $1,554,800. A basic hypothetical mathematical cost benefit comparison was performed. Findings: Droneworxs cost divided by healthcare costs/case/year ($90,000) = 17 so if these injuries are prevented then cost equivalence is reached figurately speaking, then cost benefits accrue. Novelty /Improvement: Drones are not overly expensive compared to spinal cord injury costs. The occasional presence of aerial cameras at sporting venues may also deter repeated foul play, in the same way that webcam cameras deter potential thieves.

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Kuchar, Robert, and Andy Martin. "The Comparison of Competitive Balance between Super Rugby (Sanzar) and English Premiership Rugby: A Case Study from 1996-2014 Season or Not Attractive – No People – No Money." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijek-2016-0009.

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Abstract Most sports are attractive because they are almost unpredictable. The more the competitiveness of league teams, the harder to predict the games and as a result, that league will be more attractive. Message is: more attractive leagues= bigger audience= more attractive for sponsorship= more money in sport. Competitive balance (CB) refers to the balance in sport capabilities of teams. The aim of this paper was to compare the competitive balance between Super Rugby league named SANZAR, which consist of three nations (New Zealand, Australia and South Africa) and English Premiership Rugby League in 1996-2014 seasons and compare them. The data were secondary and collected from the final tables. It was used five models in this study: the three-club and five-club concentration ratio (C3 and C5) and C3/C5 index of competitive balance (C3ICB/C5ICB) were used to analyse the data. The less the index C3ICB/C5ICB and C3/C5 are, the more competitive balance is, and conversely. Standard deviation of game results, the ratio of actual and ideal standard deviation wins, numbers of winners and a placement in the k-th place. The results showed that the Salary cap in Premiership League does not work very effectively and the competitive balance is in last few seasons still worst and worst. Super Rugby has mirror position to Premiership. Last few years are the competitive balance on the right track. Comparison result is for Super Rugby strategy with involving more teams to the league.

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6

Dabscheck, Braham. "Rugby League and the Union Game." Journal of Industrial Relations 35, no. 2 (June 1993): 242–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569303500203.

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The Association of Rugby League Professionals came to prominence when it achieved a legal victory which thwarted an attempt by the New South Wales Rugby League to introduce an internal draft, a labour market arrangement which reduced the employment and economic freedom of rugby league players. This article provides a history of the association from its origins in the late 1970s through to the draft case and more recent developments. The article presents information on player associations overseas and in Australia, and examines the origins, structure and organization, and various activities of the association. In so doing it provides information on the various labour market rules which have been used in rugby league, and examines the legal, economic and industrial relations dimensions of not only rugby league, but also other professional sporting competitions in Australia and overseas.1

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7

Trinh, Giang Tue. "The attendance at sporting events: A generalized theory and its implications." International Journal of Market Research 60, no. 3 (May 2018): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470785318774677.

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This article generalizes the well-known negative binomial distribution (NBD) theory to attendance behavior at sporting events. Using data from a large national survey across a range of sporting events in Australia, including Australian football, rugby league, soccer (outdoor), horse racing, motor sports, rugby union, cricket (outdoor), netball (indoor and outdoor), basketball (indoor and outdoor), harness racing, and dog racing, we show that the NBD is very robust in describing sporting event attendance behavior. This result has implications for sporting event marketing activities, such as which attendee segments should be targeted, how to increase ticket sales, as well as predicting future attendance behavior.

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8

Dabscheck, Braham. "Playing the Team Game: Unions in Australian Professional Team sports." Journal of Industrial Relations 38, no. 4 (December 1996): 600–628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569603800405.

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League and club officials in different Australian professional team sports have initiated a variety of labour market controls that have restricted the economic freedom and income-earning potential of players. Since before the First World War, different generations of players in a variety of sports have attempted to use collective action to respond to these and other employment problems. Most of these attempts were abortive or shortlived. It is only in the 1990s that Australian player associations have experienced the successes usually afforded to unionism. This paper examines the historical and contemporary record of player associa tions in Australian team sports. It begins with an examination of the various labour market rules that have governed the employment of players. This is followed by an analysis of problems of organizational effectiveness that have traditionally dogged the operation of player associations. The next section focuses on developments in the 1990s. With the exception of rugby league and baseballers, player associations have solved organizational problems of the past, and have possessed leaders able to develop a bargaining relationship with their respective leagues and clubs.1

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9

Rowe, David. "RUGBY LEAGUE IN AUSTRALIA: THE SUPER LEAGUE SAGA." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 21, no. 2 (May 1997): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019372397021002008.

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10

Savage, Jason, Chloe Hooke, John Orchard, and Richard Parkinson. "The Incidence of Concussion in a Professional Australian Rugby League Team, 1998–2012." Journal of Sports Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/304576.

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Background. Rugby league is a physically demanding team sport and the National Rugby League is the highest-level competition of rugby league in Australia. Frequent tackles and collisions between players result in a high incidence of injury to players. Concussion injuries have been the source of much debate, with reporting varying greatly depending on the definition used.Method. Injury records of 239 players from one professional National Rugby League were analysed during a continuous period of 15 years, with particular interest in the incidence and recurrence of concussions and the change in incidence over time.Result. A total of 191 concussions were recorded, affecting 90 players. The incidence of concussion injuries was found to be 28.33 per 1000 player match hours, with an increase over time (P=0.0217). Multiple concussions were recorded for 51 players.Conclusion. A statistically significant increase in the incidence of concussion injuries was found, without a concurrent increase in the number of head injuries or total injuries. New rules which mandate removal of players from the field may be beneficial for protection of players on the long term, although they risk being counterproductive, if they make players less likely to report their symptoms during matches.

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11

Twist, Craig, Jamie Highton, Mark Waldron, Emma Edwards, Damien Austin, and Tim J. Gabbett. "Movement Demands of Elite Rugby League Players during Australian National Rugby League and European Super League Matches." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 6 (November 2014): 925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0270.

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Purpose:This study compared the movement demands of players competing in matches from the elite Australian and European rugby league competitions.Methods:Global positioning system devices were used to measure 192 performances of forwards, adjustables, and outside backs during National Rugby League (NRL; n = 88) and European Super League (SL; n = 104) matches. Total and relative distances covered overall and at low (0–3.5 m/s), moderate (3.6–5 m/s), and high (>5 m/s) speeds were measured alongside changes in movement variables across the early, middle, and late phases of the season.Results:The relative distance covered in SL matches (95.8 ± 18.6 m/min) was significantly greater (P < .05) than in NRL matches (90.2 ± 8.3 m/min). Relative low-speed activity (70.3 ± 4.9 m/min vs 75.5 ± 18.9 m/min) and moderate-speed running (12.5 ± 3.3 m m/min vs 14.2 ± 3.8 m/min) were highest (P < .05) in the SL matches, and relative high-speed distance was greater (P < .05) during NRL matches (7.8 ± 2.1 m/min vs 6.1 ± 1.7 m/min).Conclusions:NRL players have better maintenance of high-speed running between the first and second halves of matches and perform less low- and moderate-speed activity, indicating that the NRL provides a higher standard of rugby league competition than the SL.

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12

Waddington, Gordon S. "Injuries in Australian junior rugby league players." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 24, no. 3 (March 2021): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2021.01.002.

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13

Packard Hill, Esther, and Glen Fuller. "One for the Team." Communication & Sport 6, no. 1 (December 2, 2016): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479516678419.

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In the decade 2005–2015, National Rugby League players were implicated in a variety of off-field instances of violence against women. These incidents have been covered heavily by the Australian media and have facilitated commentary on violence and sport, rugby league culture, and whether rugby league players have a propensity for violence. From a total corpus of 933 articles, we critically engage with 190 news reports of domestic violence and focus on the way players and others contribute to media commentary about the incidence of domestic violence allegedly perpetrated by their teammates. Our guiding research question is: What is the character of public commentary expressed by rugby league players about incidents of domestic violence involving teammates? We identify four modes of reflexive commentary involving teammate representation that occur in the reporting of rugby league players accused of domestic violence offences. We argue that these four modes of representation articulate greater or lesser degrees of support or criticism between teammates about domestic violence and, even when critical, these discourses work to rearticulate the normative diminished reflexivity afforded men to publicly comment on and about other men.

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14

Longworth, Thomas, Andrew McDonald, Corey Cunningham, Hussain Khan, and Jane Fitzpatrick. "Do rugby league players under-report concussion symptoms? A cross-sectional study of elite teams based in Australia." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 7, no. 1 (January 2021): e000860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000860.

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ObjectiveTo determine the rate of under-reporting of concussion and its symptoms in elite rugby league players in Australia.MethodsThe study was conducted in the preseason of the 2020 National Rugby League (NRL) competition.A total of 151 male, NRL club contracted rugby league players across three professional clubs participated.The participants completed a voluntary, anonymous survey exploring player demographics, concussion data, under-reporting instances and reasons for under-reporting over the 2018 and 2019 rugby league seasons.Results17.2% of surveyed players reported sustaining a likely concussion over the past 2 years and not reporting to medical staff. 22% of NRL first grade players admitted to not reporting at least one concussion during the 2018 and 2019 seasons. The most common reason not to report was the player ‘not wanting to be ruled out of the game or training session’ (57.7%), followed by ‘not wanting to let down the coaches or teammates’ (23.1%). 85.4% of surveyed players reported having concussion education by their club in the previous two seasons.Conclusions17.2 % of elite rugby league players in Australia chose not to report likely concussive episodes and concussion-related symptoms during the 2018 and 2019 seasons. Clinicians need to be aware of under-reporting in athletes when assessing players following head injuries. The findings highlight the need for development of validated, objective testing for concussion following sports-associated head injury.

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Johnston, David, and Ben W. Morrison. "The Application of Naturalistic Decision-Making Techniques to Explore Cue Use in Rugby League Playmakers." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 10, no. 4 (September 18, 2016): 391–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555343416662181.

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Within the sport of rugby league, there exists a perceived shortage of talent in playmaking positions. In Australia, an academy dedicated to the development of playmaking skills has recently been established. Although the precise skills targeted by the academy for development are yet to be determined, decision making is presumed to be integral. The current research used the naturalistic decision-making paradigm to inform training initiatives by investigating the decision processes engaged by rugby league playmakers. The research explored whether players of varying ability could be differentiated in relation to a key decision process, cue use. Rugby league playmakers were interviewed using a novel variation of cognitive task analysis, which used both retrospective (i.e., recalled game) and prospective (i.e., unfamiliar rugby league scenario) means. The sample comprised 10 participants: six professional and four semiprofessional rugby league players. From a content analysis, a concept map, cognitive demands tables, and a critical cue inventory were produced. Results indicated that professional players demonstrated greater cue discrimination, assigned different meaning to the cues, and processed cues in a different manner compared with their semiprofessional counterparts. The results offer insights for future training applications in the domain and raise important questions regarding the utility of critical cue inventories in training.

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16

LAWSON, JAMES S., and ALICE R. EVANS. "Prodigious alcohol consumption by Australian rugby league footballers." Drug and Alcohol Review 11, no. 2 (April 1992): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595239200185691.

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17

Hallinan, Christopher J. "Aborigines and Positional Segregation in Australian Rugby League." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 26, no. 2 (June 1991): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101269029102600201.

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18

Clarke, Neil, and Mark Noon. "Editorial: Fatigue and Recovery in Football." Sports 7, no. 8 (August 13, 2019): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7080192.

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The football codes (soccer, American football, Australian rules football, rugby league, and union and Gaelic football) are intermittent team sports with bouts of high-intensity activity interspersed with low-intensity activities or rest [...]

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Davis, Gavin A., Michael Makdissi, Paul Bloomfield, Patrick Clifton, Charlotte Cowie, Ruben Echemendia, Eanna C. Falvey, et al. "Concussion Guidelines in National and International Professional and Elite Sports." Neurosurgery 87, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyaa057.

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Abstract The Berlin statement on sport-related concussion was published in 2017 using evidence-based recommendations. We aimed to examine (1) the implementation of, distribution and education based on the Berlin recommendations, and the development of sport-specific protocols/guidelines among professional and elite sports, (2) the implementation of guidelines at the community level, (3) translation of guidelines into different languages, and (4) research activities. Senior medical advisers and chief medical officers from Australian Football League, All Japan Judo Federation, British Horseracing Authority, Cricket Australia, Fédération Equestre Internationale, Football Association, Gaelic Athletic Association, International Boxing Association, Irish Horseracing Regulatory Board, Major League Baseball, National Football League, National Hockey League, National Rugby League, and World Rugby completed a questionnaire. The results demonstrated that all 14 sporting organizations have published concussion protocols/guidelines based on the Berlin recommendations, including Recognize, Removal from play, Re-evaluation, Rest, Recovery, and Return to play. There is variable inclusion of Prolonged symptoms. Prevention and Risk reduction and Long-term effects are addressed in the guidelines, rules and regulations, and/or sport-specific research. There is variability in education programs, monitoring compliance with guidelines, and publication in other languages. All sporting bodies are actively involved in concussion research. We conclude that the Berlin recommendations have been included in concussion protocols/guidelines by all the sporting bodies, with consistency in the essential components of the recommendations, whilst also allowing for sport- and regional-specific variations. Education at the elite, community, and junior levels remains an ongoing challenge, and future iterations of guidelines may consider multiple language versions, and community- and junior-level guidelines.

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Anderson, David Stewart, John Cathcart, Iseult Wilson, Julie Hides, Felix Leung, and Daniel Kerr. "Lower limb MSK injuries among school-aged rugby and football players: a systematic review." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 6, no. 1 (October 2020): e000806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000806.

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ObjectiveThe objective of this systematic review was to explore the incidence of lower limb musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries sustained by rugby union, rugby league, soccer, Australian Rules and Gaelic football players under 18 years. The review sought to identify the mechanisms and types of injury sustained and to compare between sports.DesignThis systematic review focused on the incidence of lower limb injury in adolescent team sports that involved running and kicking a ball. A literature search of studies published prior to January 2020 was conducted using SportDiscus, Medline and PubMed databases. The Standard Quality Assessment Criteria appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of each article included in the review. Two or more authors independently reviewed all papers.ResultsSixteen papers met the inclusion criteria; prospective cohort (N=14), retrospective (n=1) and longitudinal (n=1). These studies investigated injuries in rugby union and rugby league (n=10), football (soccer) (n=3), Australian Rules (n=2) and Gaelic football (n=1). There were a total of 55 882 participants, aged 7–19 years old, who reported 6525 injuries. The type, site and mechanisms of injury differed across sports.SummaryLower limb injuries were common in adolescent rugby, soccer, Gaelic football and Australian Rules football players, however these studies may not fully reflect the true injury burden where recurrent and overuse injuries have not been considered. There were differences between sports in the mechanisms, types and severity of injury.

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Turner, Paul, and David Shilbury. "The Impact of Emerging Technology in Sport Broadcasting on the Preconditions for Interorganizational Relationship (IOR) Formation in Professional Football." Journal of Sport Management 24, no. 1 (January 2010): 10–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.24.1.10.

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Environmental factors such as emerging technology, globalization, economic reform and social change are creating a background in which sporting organizations must seek to quickly adapt to manage their ongoing activities and operations. Focusing on emerging technology in the area of sport broadcasting, this research examined six preconditions for interorganizational relationship (IOR) formation from the perspective of professional football clubs in Australia. Based upon theories derived from the IOR literature, these six preconditions for IOR formation were considered to determine if emerging broadcasting technologies impact on IOR formation between Australian Football League (AFL) and National Rugby League (NRL) clubs and broadcasters. Semistructured in-depth interviews with senior managers of 11 AFL, and 10 NRL clubs were undertaken and data analyzed, coded and emergent themes identified. Results indicate that professional club managers display most of these attributes that precipitate the preconditions for IOR formation, but although these preconditions exist, there is little willingness by the clubs to formulate IORs with sport broadcasters.

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Cheng, Hoi Lun, Helen O’Connor, Shelley Kay, Rebecca Cook, Helen Parker, and Rhonda Orr. "Anthropometric characteristics of Australian junior representative rugby league players." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 17, no. 5 (September 2014): 546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.07.020.

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23

Orr, R. "Injury characteristics in Australian elite junior rugby league players." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 16 (December 2013): e96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.231.

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Noonan, Rodney. "Offside: Rugby League, the Great War and Australian Patriotism." International Journal of the History of Sport 26, no. 15 (December 2009): 2201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523360903133020.

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Davis, Gavin A., Michael Makdissi, Paul Bloomfield, Patrick Clifton, Ruben J. Echemendia, Éanna Cian Falvey, Gordon Ward Fuller, et al. "International consensus definitions of video signs of concussion in professional sports." British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 20 (April 6, 2019): 1264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100628.

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BackgroundThe use of video to assist professional sporting bodies with the diagnosis of sport-related concussion (SRC) has been well established; however, there has been little consistency across sporting codes with regards to which video signs should be used, and the definitions of each of these signs.AimThe aims of this study were to develop a consensus for the video signs considered to be most useful in the identification of a possible SRC and to develop a consensus definition for each of these video signs across the sporting codes.MethodsA brief questionnaire was used to assess which video signs were considered to be most useful in the identification of a possible concussion. Consensus was defined as >90% agreement by respondents. Existing definitions of these video signs from individual sports were collated, and individual components of the definitions were assessed and ranked. A modified Delphi approach was then used to create a consensus definition for each of the video signs.ResultsRespondents representing seven sporting bodies (Australian Football League, Cricket Australia, Major League Baseball, NFL, NHL, National Rugby League, World Rugby) reached consensus on eight video signs of concussion. Thirteen representatives from the seven professional sports ranked the definition components. Consolidation and refinement of the video signs and their definitions resulted in consensus definitions for six video signs of possible concussion: lying motionless, motor incoordination, impact seizure, tonic posturing, no protective action—floppy and blank/vacant look.ConclusionsThese video signs and definitions have reached international consensus, are indicated for use by professional sporting bodies and will form the basis for further collaborative research.

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Dyer, Cameron S., Robin Callister, Colin E. Sanctuary, and Suzanne J. Snodgrass. "Functional Movement Screening and injury risk in elite adolescent rugby league players." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 14, no. 4 (June 10, 2019): 498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954119853650.

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Research is limited as to whether Functional Movement Screen scores relate to non-contact injury risk in rugby league players. This cohort study investigates whether the Functional Movement Screen score predicts non-contact injuries in elite adolescent rugby league players. Australian adolescent rugby league players ( n = 52; mean age 16.0 ± 1.0 years) from one club participated in this study. Functional Movement Screen scores, height, and mass were collected at the beginning of the preseason. Training, match exposure, and injury incidence data (non-contact match and training injuries with three levels of severity) were recorded for each individual athlete throughout the season. Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between Functional Movement Screen score (continuous score, ≤ 14 or > 14, and three subscores) and injury risk, whilst controlling for exposure time. The mean Functional Movement Screen score for the sample was 13.4 (95% CI: 11.0–14.0). A total of 72 non-contact injuries were recorded (incidence rate: 18.7 per 1000 exposure hours; 95% CI: 11.6–24.8). There were no statistically significant associations between non-contact injury and Functional Movement Screen score for any of the analyses conducted. Our results suggest that the Functional Movement Screen does not reflect non-contact injury risk in elite adolescent rugby league players. Further research should investigate whether a more sport-specific movement screen in the preseason can more effectively predict injury risk in this population.

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Duncan, Samuel Keith. "Managed Play: The Media’s Impact on Play in the Australian Football League." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 77, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2018-0001.

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Abstract No industry has influenced the transformation of the Australian Football League (AFL) into a professional, commercial business more than the media. Today, the AFL players are paid more than ever and are used as marketing tools to promote and sell the game, often to new fans in new markets of Australia - namely New South Wales and Queensland - who haven’t traditionally played Australian Football, preferring the rugby codes instead. But perhaps the biggest change in the AFL is that the play element is now used as function of business. Put simply, winning leads to more money. As such, the play element is now manipulated more than ever. The game has more coaches implementing more tactics, strategies, game plans and set plays than ever before. These changes can be linked back to the media’s influence on the game. This paper utilises the combined observations and theories of Johan Huizinga and Pierre Bourdieu to create a theoretical lens through which we can understand the media’s growing influence in sport and its impact on play’s transformation. The theory will then be expounded through an extensive analysis of the media’s influence in the AFL, particularly its play element. This analysis will be supported with insights and views from AFL fans, members, commentators and theorists.

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Hausler, Joanne, Mark Halaki, and Rhonda Orr. "Player Activity Profiles in the Australian Second-Tier Rugby League Competitions." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 11, no. 6 (September 2016): 816–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0319.

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Purpose:To investigate activity profiles of Australian rugby league players during match play by competition, position, and match outcome in the New South Wales (NSW) second-tier competitions.Methods:Eighteen NSW Cup (NSWC) and 22 National Youth Competition (NYC) players, participating in this prospective cohort study, were categorized into 3 positional groups: forwards, adjustables, and outside backs. Global positioning system devices were used to examine activity profiles (distance and relative distance covered in walking, jogging, moderate, high, very high, and sprinting speed zones and quantification of high-speed movement) during match play in 21 NSWC and 22 NYC matches (N = 339 files).Results:NSWC players performed more sprints (36.5 ± 9.3 vs 28.4 ± 9.2) and greater relative distance in moderate speed zones (18.4 ± 3.2 vs 15.8 ± 3.1 m/min) than NYC. NSWC outside backs covered greater relative distance in jogging (29.4 ± 2.9 vs 24.8 ± 2.7 m/min) and moderate speed zones (17.0 ± 2.6 vs 12.8 ± 2.8 m/min) than their NYC counterparts. Adjustables performed more sprints (39.4 ± 10.1 vs 27.0 ± 9.2), high-intensity accelerations (3.7 ± 1.4 vs 1.9 ± 1.4), and relative distance (84.8 ± 4.3 vs 88.6 ± 4.8 m/min) than forwards and greater relative distance (81.5 ± 3.8 m/min) and sprints (31.0 ± 8.0) than outside backs. Adjustables recorded greater relative distance (19.8 m/min) in moderate speed zones than forwards (16.7 ± 3.1 m/min) and outside backs (14.9 ± 2.7 m/min). Adjustables covered ~685 m more than outside backs during a win.Conclusions:This is the first study to document the activity profiles of the NSW second-tier rugby league competition. The findings underscore the elevated match demands of adjustables and indicate higher intensity of play in NSWC than NYC that may more closely resemble the demands of National Rugby League match play.

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Wood, Desmond. "Centenary Reflections: 100 Years of Rugby League in Australia." Sport in History 33, no. 3 (September 2013): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2013.825973.

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Chapman, P. J. "The pattern of use of mouthguards in rugby league (a study of the 1986 Australian Rugby League touring team)." British Journal of Sports Medicine 22, no. 3 (September 1, 1988): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.22.3.98.

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Cummins, C., and R. Orr. "Body loads and collisions in professional Australian Rugby League players." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 16 (December 2013): e17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.042.

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Lakisa, David, Daryl Adair, and Tracy Taylor. "Pasifika Diaspora and the Changing Face of Australian Rugby League." Contemporary Pacific 26, no. 2 (2014): 347–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2014.0029.

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O'Connor, Helen T., Bronwen Lundy, Janelle A. Barnard, and Fiona E. Pelly. "Physique and Playing Position in Australian National Rugby League Players." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 40, Supplement (May 2008): S277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000323121.60694.96.

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Davies, Chris, and Neil Dunbar. "A tale of two codes: the Australian Football League and National Rugby League drug controversies." International Sports Law Journal 15, no. 3-4 (August 25, 2015): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40318-015-0076-6.

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Cheng, H., R. Orr, H. Parker, M. Kay, R. Cook, E. Cox, and H. O’Connor. "Anthropometric characteristics of junior representative rugby league players in Australia." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 15 (December 2012): S10—S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.027.

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Gray, B. "Australian Rugby League: Player Misconduct - The Objectives of a Penal Code." Arbitration International 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arbitration/16.4.487.

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McGuckin, Teneale A., Wade H. Sinclair, Rebecca M. Sealey, and Paul W. Bowman. "Players' Perceptions of Home Advantage in the Australian Rugby League Competition." Perceptual and Motor Skills 121, no. 3 (December 2015): 666–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/06.pms.121c28x4.

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Hoskins, W., H. Pollard, C. Daff, A. Odell, P. Garbutt, A. McHardy, and K. Hardy. "82 Low back pain in elite and semi elite Australian football codes (Australian Rules, Soccer, Rugby League and Rugby Union)." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 8 (December 2005): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1440-2440(17)30577-7.

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Brightmore, Amy, John O’Hara, Kevin Till, Steve Cobley, Tate Hubka, Stacey Emmonds, and Carlton Cooke. "Movement and Physiological Demands of Australasian National Rugby League Referees." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 11, no. 8 (November 2016): 1080–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0415.

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Purpose:To evaluate the movement and physiological demands of Australasian National Rugby League (NRL) referees, officiating with a 2-referee (ie, lead and pocket) system, and to compare the demands of the lead and pocket referees. Methods:Global positioning system devices (10 Hz) were used to obtain 86 data sets (lead, n = 41; pocket, n = 45) on 19 NRL referees. Total distance, relative distance covered, and heart rate per half and across match play were examined within and between referees using t tests. Distance, time, and number of movement “efforts” were examined in 6 velocity classifications (ie, standing <0.5, walking 0.51–2.0, jogging 2.01–4.0, running 4.01–5.5, high-speed running 5.51–7.0, and sprinting >7.0 m/s) using analysis of variance. Cohen d effect sizes are reported. Results:There were no significant differences between the lead and pocket referees for any movement or physiological variable. There was an overall significant (large, very large) effect for distance (% distance) and time (% time) (P < .001) between velocity classifications for both the lead and pocket referees. Both roles covered the largest distance and number of efforts at velocities of 0.51–2.0 m/s and 2.01–4.0 m/s, which were interspersed with efforts >5.51 m/s. Conclusions:Findings highlight the intermittent nature of rugby league refereeing but show that there were no differences in the movement and physiological demands of the 2 refereeing roles. Findings are valuable for those responsible for the preparation, training, and conditioning of NRL referees and to ensure that training prepares for and simulates match demands.

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Ojio, Yasutaka, Asami Matsunaga, Kensuke Hatakeyama, Shin Kawamura, Masanori Horiguchi, Goro Yoshitani, Ayako Kanie, Masaru Horikoshi, and Chiyo Fujii. "Anxiety and Depression Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation in Japan Rugby Top League Players." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031205.

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Clinical and research interest is growing in mental health support for elite athletes, based on findings from epidemiological surveys conducted in Australia, the United States, and European countries. However, little is known about the mental health status of elite athletes in Asia, including Japan. In the current study, we examine the prevalence of mental health problems and suicidal ideation and its risk factors in Japan Rugby Top League players. We analyze anonymous web-based self-reported data from 251 currently competing Japan Rugby Top League male players. During the off-season from December 2019 to January 2020, data on anxiety and depression symptoms were collected using the Japanese version of the 6-item Kessler-6. Suicidal ideation was assessed using the Baron Depression Screener for Athletes. Among the players, 81 players (32.3%) had experienced symptoms of mild anxiety and depression during the previous 30 days, while 12 (4.8%) and 13 (5.2%) had suffered from moderate and severe symptoms, respectively. Nineteen athletes (7.6%) reported that they had experienced suicidal ideation during the previous 2 weeks. Players with mental health problems experienced more events in competitions and daily life, including reduced subjective performance, missing opportunities to play during the last season, changes in health condition, and thinking about a career after retirement, compared with players without such problems. Mental health issues in Japan Rugby Top League players, as elite athletes, may be common, and research and practice development is expected in the near future.

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Carr, Andy. "After the Siren: Sources for Rugby League History Research in Australia." Sport in History 27, no. 3 (September 2007): 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17460260701591692.

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KING, NICHOLAS, P. DORIAN OWEN, and RICK AUDAS. "Playoff Uncertainty, Match Uncertainty and Attendance at Australian National Rugby League Matches*." Economic Record 88, no. 281 (November 29, 2011): 262–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2011.00778.x.

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Orr, Rhonda, and Hoi Lun Cheng. "Incidence and characteristics of injuries in elite Australian junior rugby league players." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 19, no. 3 (March 2016): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.03.007.

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Varley, Matthew C., Tim Gabbett, and Robert J. Aughey. "Activity profiles of professional soccer, rugby league and Australian football match play." Journal of Sports Sciences 32, no. 20 (September 9, 2013): 1858–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2013.823227.

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Cummins, Cloe, Adrian Gray, Kathleen Shorter, Mark Halaki, and Rhonda Orr. "Energetic And Metabolic Power Demands Of Australian National Rugby League match play." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 47 (May 2015): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000466156.84026.54.

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Collins, Tony. "Australian Nationalism and Working-Class Britishness: The Case of Rugby League Football1." History Compass 3, no. 1 (December 21, 2005): **. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2005.00142.x.

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Bennie, Andrew, and Donna O'Connor. "Coaching Philosophies: Perceptions from Professional Cricket, Rugby League and Rugby Union Players and Coaches in Australia." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 5, no. 2 (June 2010): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.5.2.309.

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Phillips, Murray G., and Brett Hutchins. "From independence to a reconstituted hegemony: Rugby league and television in Australia." Journal of Australian Studies 22, no. 58 (January 1998): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443059809387410.

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49

Hirsch, Suzan. "Professional Rugby League Players as Reading Mentors for Primary School Boys." Boyhood Studies 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/thy.0501.52.

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This paper reports on case studies spanning four consecutive years (2005-2008) focused on addressing and challenging Australian primary school boys’ disengagement with English, particularly reading, using an action research process informed by both quantitative and qualitative data. Primary participants were all male and ranged from 8 to 11 years of age. Boys were identified and selected for each case study based on the questionnaire and interview results from whole grade surveys of both males and females. The data results identified the boys with negative views of literacy and boys who identified reading as being a feminine activity, thereby narrowing their perceptions of masculinity. These boys were involved in a reading/mentoring program with high profile professional Rugby League players. The celebrity rugby league players were involved in ten weekly mentoring and reading sessions with male participants each year. These sessions focused on building positive male identity, shifting negative attitudes to reading and challenging negative stereotypes of both professional sportsmen and boys as readers. After each of the case studies, quantitative and qualitative data indicated a positive change in the participants’ attitudes towards reading as well as their perceived stereotypes of males as readers and increased involvement in voluntary reading.

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Patricios, Jon S., Clare L. Ardern, Michael David Hislop, Mark Aubry, Paul Bloomfield, Carolyn Broderick, Patrick Clifton, et al. "Implementation of the 2017 Berlin Concussion in Sport Group Consensus Statement in contact and collision sports: a joint position statement from 11 national and international sports organisations." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 10 (March 2, 2018): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099079.

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The 2017 Berlin Concussion in Sport Group Consensus Statement provides a global summary of best practice in concussion prevention, diagnosis and management, underpinned by systematic reviews and expert consensus. Due to their different settings and rules, individual sports need to adapt concussion guidelines according to their specific regulatory environment. At the same time, consistent application of the Berlin Consensus Statement’s themes across sporting codes is likely to facilitate superior and uniform diagnosis and management, improve concussion education and highlight collaborative research opportunities. This document summarises the approaches discussed by medical representatives from the governing bodies of 10 different contact and collision sports in Dublin, Ireland in July 2017. Those sports are: American football, Australian football, basketball, cricket, equestrian sports, football/soccer, ice hockey, rugby league, rugby union and skiing. This document had been endorsed by 11 sport governing bodies/national federations at the time of being published.

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