Academic literature on the topic 'Australian Public Service'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Australian Public Service.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Australian Public Service"
1
Moorhead, Simon. "Revisiting the Universal Service Obligation Scheme." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 9, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 194–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v9n3.451.
Full textAbstract:
In this Journal’s tradition of revisiting past papers which have relevance to today’s events, this article reminds us of the value of the paper “Better telecommunications services for all Australians.” (2015) by Reg Coutts. This paper makes five interrelated recommendations to replace the current Universal Service Obligation (USO) policy in Australia, given the NBN rollout and customer preference for mobile services anywhere anytime. Some of its recommendations were arguably taken up by the Productivity Commission’s Public Inquiry into the USO in 2016-17, and implemented by the Australian Government in the form of a new Universal Service Guarantee.
2
Kennedy, Peter. "STREAMLINING THE AUSTRALIAN PUBLIC SERVICE." Australian Journal of Public Administration 46, no. 2 (June 1987): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1987.tb01424.x.
Full text
3
Rudd, Kevin. "Equipping the Australian Public Service for Australia's Future Challenges." Australian Journal of Public Administration 69, no. 1 (March 2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2009.00663.x.
Full text
4
Weller, Patrick. "POLITICISATION AND THE AUSTRALIAN PUBLIC SERVICE." Australian Journal of Public Administration 48, no. 4 (December 1989): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1989.tb02239.x.
Full text
5
Williamson, Sue, Lisa Carson, and Meraiah Foley. "Representations of New Public Management in Australian Public Service gender equality policies." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 39, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-05-2019-0145.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Governments have demonstrated a renewed interest in progressing gender equality for their workforces, including in Australia. This refocusing has resulted in a tranche of new gender equality policies being introduced into the Australian Public Service (APS). The purpose of this paper is to examine how New Public Management (NPM) is reflected in these gender equality policies and consider whether NPM may assist or hinder gender being “undone” or “redone” in APS organisations. Design/methodology/approach A content analysis was conducted to assess the strategies contained within the gender equality policies of all 18 Australian government departments. Findings The content analysis reveals that the policies strongly reflect an NPM framing, except in one important area – that of monitoring and evaluation. The lack of attention to this crucial element of NPM may hinder effective implementation of many of the policies. The authors also conclude that while good intent is evident in the policies, they may “redo” rather than “undo” gender in organisations. Practical implications The paper will assist organisations which are developing and implementing gender equality policies. Even though NPM is specific to the public sector, the research highlights the potential and pitfalls when developing such policies in an environment focused on increasing efficiencies and reducing costs. Originality/value While gender equality and public sector reforms occurred simultaneously in Australia, few researchers have examined the interactions between the two.
6
Mulgan, Richard. "Outsourcing and public service values: the Australian experience." International Review of Administrative Sciences 71, no. 1 (March 2005): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852305051683.
Full textAbstract:
With the increasing use of private organizations to provide public services and the corresponding blurring of boundaries between the public and private sectors, can public servants be held to a distinct code of ethics or should public sector ethical standards be applied to private providers? This question is explored in the context of the Australian Commonwealth which has recently codified a set of public service values in legislation and where agencies are being asked to report on the extent to which they require contractors to comply with public service values. Practice is evolving, with most emphasis on values relating to direct service to the public. Public service values dealing with internal organization and employment conditions, including the merit principle, are less likely to be extended to private contractors.
7
Lambert, Alex, Scott McQuire, and Nikos Papastergiardis. "Public Wi-Fi." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 2, no. 3 (May 26, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v2n3.289.
Full textAbstract:
Public Wi-Fi services are rolling out across Australia, with city councils and telcos building large-scale networks in urban areas. Questions as to the value of public Wi-Fi have never been more significant in the Australian context. In this article we explore how free Wi-Fi services offered by cultural institutions and municipalities influence public spaces, and ask how such services can engender practices which promote the social good. Drawing on ethnographic research into six Wi-Fi equipped spaces in Victoria, we find a variety of issues which influence whether a service will be popular and hence have a significant influence on public space. Services which are popular enable a range of uses, and this can add to the appeal and atmosphere of a space. However, Wi-Fi has yet to truly facilitate the kind of social interactions and rich civic placemaking we associate with the social good.
8
Fieger, Peter, and Bridget S. Rice. "Whistle-blowing in the Australian Public Service." Personnel Review 47, no. 3 (April 3, 2018): 613–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-07-2017-0203.
Full text
9
Matheson, Craig. "Organisational Structures in the Australian Public Service." Australian Journal of Public Administration 55, no. 2 (June 1996): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1996.tb01198.x.
Full text
10
Cheng, I.-Hao, Sayed Wahidi, Shiva Vasi, and Sophia Samuel. "Importance of community engagement in primary health care: the case of Afghan refugees." Australian Journal of Primary Health 21, no. 3 (2015): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py13137.
Full textAbstract:
Refugees can experience problems accessing and utilising Australian primary health care services, resulting in suboptimal health outcomes. Little is known about the impact of their pre-migration health care experiences. This paper demonstrates how the Afghan pre-migration experiences of primary health care can affect engagement with Australian primary care services. It considers the implications for Australian primary health care policy, planning and delivery. This paper is based on the international experiences, insights and expert opinions of the authors, and is underpinned by literature on Afghan health-seeking behaviour. Importantly, Afghanistan and Australia have different primary health care strategies. In Afghanistan, health care is predominantly provided through a community-based outreach approach, namely through community health workers residing in the local community. In contrast, the Australian health care system requires client attendance at formal health service facilities. This difference contributes to service access and utilisation problems. Community engagement is essential to bridge the gap between the Afghan community and Australian primary health care services. This can be achieved through the health sector working to strengthen partnerships between Afghan individuals, communities and health services. Enhanced community engagement has the potential to improve the delivery of primary health care to the Afghan community in Australia.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Australian Public Service"
1
Hutchinson, Jacquie. "Workplace bullying in Australian public service administrations." UWA Business School, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0014.
Full textAbstract:
This is a study of workplace bullying policy in the public service. The research draws on interviews with policy actors from three groups located in four Australian states and one Australian territory. The groups are senior managers, policy implementors and employee advocates. The study is also informed by research and popular literature to examine how assumptions about what the problem is in workplace bullying dictates the direction taken in policy development. Unlike much of the research into workplace bullying that is based on psychological theorisations, this study is influenced by scholars who focus on the power imbalances that underpin workplace bullying. The key argument in this thesis is that the conceptual dominance of 'gender neutrality' operates to mask the gendered power imbalances which perpetuate bullying behaviour. Hence, to start to address workplace bullying, the effects of power must be acknowledged and addressed in the organisational policy responses to the growing phenomenon of workplace bullying. However, analysing the effects of power is insufficient if gender is not made visible in the analysis. The methodological touchstone for this is Carol Bacchi's 'whats the problem' approach (1999), which is taken further through feminist organisational theory, post modernist understandings of power realtions and a critique of New Public Management practices. The thesis shows how workplace bullying policies in Australian public service administrations have been carefully crafted as gender-neutral, and interweaves data and literature to develop a thesis for why such an approach is a deeply flawed outcome of gender politics. This thesis concludes with some modest suggestions about how organizations might more effectively develop more effective gender-sensitive approaches to workplace bullying.
2
Agnew, Richard Quentin, and n/a. "The Australian Customs Service : towards organisational 'turnaround'." University of Canberra. Administrative Studies, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060529.172334.
Full textAbstract:
For the past decade the Australian Customs Service (ACS) has been regarded as an
organisation in decline. Customs' history has been sporadically influenced by
numerous reports that identify many instances of 'maladministration'. More recently,
instances, such as the 'Midford Paramount Affair', have brought media and public
notoriety to Customs followed by the establishment of the Review of the ACS in May
1993 (The Conroy Report). This, the latest and most comprehensive report
undertaken on the ACS, documented administrative malfunctions of a major kind.
Each report, using its own rationale has recommended more advanced levels of
information technology (IT) application.
To study these protracted administrative issues, the author has used, as the basis of
analysis, a dynamic contingent decision-paths schema as well as furthering the
theoretical constructs of organisational 'reliability' theory. The dynamic contingent
decision-paths schema is designed to provide a conceptual framework regarding
public (and private) sector situations of agency decline, evaluation, strategic response
and finally 'turnaround' policy and implementation. The ACS is now implementing a
comprehensive turnaround strategy, which includes new and novel information
technologies.
Organisational 'reliability' theory relates to organisations that are required to be
highly reliable in their daily work-related activities otherwise crises of some major
magnitude may occur. These organisations need to practice near perfect
organisational and decision-making performance, and tend to be highly technical,
relying increasingly in turn on information technology in managing their respective
systems or operations. Customs was an early innovator in using Electronic Data
Interchange and is now pursuing e-commerce, which in part is being outsourced, to
EDS, a multinational company.
The study initially reviews the recent history of the ACS - 'mapping' the nature of the
organisation's decline, raising relevant factors which the author argues may be seen
as successive 'crisis points', and lastly, addresses the strategic 'turnaround' policies of
the organisation.
The author believes the nadir for Customs has been reached and there are now
positive signs that the ACS has commenced its organisational 'turnaround'.
Organisational design matters including structural and cultural issues have been
addressed which has allowed Customs to forge new relationships with its clients, as
well as fostering 'new' management philosophies. These new philosophies and
relationships, together with participation with an industry lead advisory team and a
new internal management team, have provided the catalyst for change and recovery.
Political and industry pressure and their formal involvement in a recovery strategy
provide a high level of confidence for Customs' future and the strategic and
operational changes being implemented.
3
English, Linda M. "Public private partnerships : modernisation in the Australian public sector." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4985.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of PhilosophyPublic private partnerships [PPPs] are a product of policies and processes to modernise the delivery of infrastructure-based services. An examination of the modernisation literature establishes the broad analytical frame within which this thesis investigates PPPs. The macro-level overview of the recent transformation of the Australian public sector confirms that the dominant principles underlying modernisation are grounded in new institutional economics [NIE] that are implemented through private-sector derived accounting and management implementation technologies. It highlights the contextual complexities stemming from Australia’s federal system of government, explaining the decision to focus on investigating PPP experiences in Victoria. At the conceptual level, PPPs rely on risk management and modernisation of service delivery to achieve value for money [VFM] for governments. In Victoria, 2000 signals a change in the modernisation role of PPPs. Thereafter, risk inherent in PPPs was reduced by excluding the contractor from the delivery of core social services. Also, the state began to develop a number of PPP policies to guide, aid, control and rationalise decision making in the pre-contracting stage, and to clarify objectives. Analysis of PPP contracts and the failure of one pre-2000 PPP hospital project are illustrative of the controversies identified in the literature about ‘hidden’ aims, the role of technologies designed provide ‘objective’ evidence of VFM inherent in PPPs at the time of contracting, and the ‘fallacy’ of risk transfer to private contractors. An examination of prison contracts indicates the changing nature of the management and control of PPPs in the execution stage. Analysis of pre-2000 prison contracts reveals that these projects were intended to drive significant financial and nonfinancial modernisation reforms throughout the correctional services system. Despite problems with contractual specification of performance and payment mechanisms, and the failure of one of the three pre-2000 prisons, recent evidence suggests, contrary to conclusions in the previous literature, that sector-wide modernisation objectives are being achieved in PPP prisons. PPPs have been criticised on the grounds that they enable governments to avoid accountability for service provision. A survey of the extent, focus and characteristics of the performance audit of PPPs confirms that little PPP auditing has been undertaken in Australia per se, and also that much of the performance auditing has focused on examining adherence to mandated procedures in the pre-contracting stage. However, this thesis demonstrates that the Victorian government has undertaken significant evaluation of the operation of its pre-2000 PPP prisons, and that its thinking and policy development reflect lessons learnt. The evidence presented in this thesis challenges findings in the previous literature that modernisation has delivered less than promised. This thesis confirms the potency of longitudinal research to investigate outcomes of what is essentially an iterative process of reform and that ‘successful’ implementation of modernisation change is sensitive to the context to be reformed. In finding that the presence of goodwill trust is critical to the implementation of recent modernisation reform in the correctional services sector (including in the PPP prisons), this thesis also confirms recent critiques of the power of NIE theories to explain contracting practices in the PPP setting.
4
Larkin, Steven Raymond. "Race matters : Indigenous employment in the Australian public service." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/66868/2/Steven_Larkin_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis demonstrated that race mattered as a contributing factor to the low Indigenous participation rates within the Australian Public Service. The thesis showed that the public service reproduced social relations privileging non-Indigenous executives while positioning Indigenous executives as deficient. The thesis explains how the everydayness of racism assumes the racial neutrality of institutions because the concept of race is externalised as only having relevance to the racial other. Non-Indigenous executives regard Indigeneity as being synonymous with inferiority to explain Indigenous disadvantage. Consequently, the Indigenous experience of everyday racism is perpetuated and contributes to declining rates of employment.
5
Thomson, Nicolas Maxwell, and n/a. "Scenario planning in Australian government." University of Canberra. Busisness & Government, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061129.091600.
Full textAbstract:
Is scenario planning a process that can be used by agencies of the Australian Public Service to generate and develop information that is relevant to the future, and thereby make possible improved strategic planning? This is the core question of this dissertation. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the case for investigating the benefits of scenario planning. Literature defining and describing the benefits of scenario planning for both private and public sector organisations is examined, and factors that appear to be critical to effective implementation of the process are discussed.
Against this theoretical background the empirical evidence of seven cases of the application of scenario planning in six agencies of the Australian Public Service is considered. Several conclusions are drawn on the basis of the data obtained from the seven cases studied. Scenario planning is more likely to make possible improved strategic planning of public sector agencies such as those that comprise the Australian Public Service (irrespective of their function or size) if it has the active involvement of senior management during the developmental phase of the process, and their ongoing support for any follow-up activity. In addition, a well resourced and in-depth research phase is integral to the success of the process. Even if these elements are not present to a high degree, a well managed scenario planning exercise will improve to some degree the ability of an agency�s senior executive to think more openly and proactively about its future business context. In addition, well resourced and properly supported scenario planning can also help a public sector agency to improve the quality of its information gathering, test the viability of its strategy options and develop appropriate contingency plans.
6
Rowlands, David, and n/a. "Agencification in the Australian Public Service: the case of Centrelink." University of Canberra. Management & Policy, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050819.113849.
Full textAbstract:
Agencification-the creation of autonomous agencies within the public
service-has been occurring in many jurisdictions. It has usually had a
rationale of improving the way in which government works. Generally,
agencies are expected to provide more flexible, performance-oriented,
responsive public services. The purpose of this work is to examine a
particular example of agencification in the Australian Public Service (APS)
and to compare it analytically with similar occurrences elsewhere.
Specifically, it will examine the splitting of the former Department of Social
Security (DSS) into two separate organisations, a policy department and a
service delivery agency operating under a purchaser-provider arrangement,
Centrelink. It will do this in the context of theories of agencification and of
practical experience of agencification elsewhere. It will analyse why
agencification has happened in this case and what the experience has shown,
focusing on the role, governance, accountability and prospects for the new
arrangements. This, the most prominent and substantial case of
agencification in the Australian government, will be compared with the
agencification experience reported in other jurisdictions-the United
Kingdom and New Zealand. It will address why Centrelink came about,
what the outcome has been of the change in institutional arrangements, and
what the likely future is of the Centrelink arrangements. It will show that,
when examined closely, the mechanisms bringing about agencification have
been diverse. However, there are parallels in the experience. This leads to a
conclusion that the current Centrelink arrangements are not stable in the
long term, and some aspects-such as the purchaser-provider
arrangement - should be set aside.
7
Allan, Geoffrey, and n/a. "A Different Agenda: The Changing Meaning of Public Service Efficiency and Responsiveness in Australia's Public Services." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060914.104311.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the changing nature of efficiency and tesponsiveness of Australian public services over the past century It will examine how over the past 100 years efficiency has been improved and assessed. It will also examine how, since the 1970s, efficiency has become synonymous with responsiveness. The main argument of this thesis is that the nature of efficiency and responsiveness has changed over the past century.. Reforms introduced fiom the 1970s where the rationale at the time was improved efficiency, were essentially designed to make the public service more accountable and thereby responsive to the political executive. The study will examine: 1. the measures governments employed to improve efficiency and assess their effectiveness; 2. how responsiveness became the corollary of efficiency; 3. the resultant changes assessment of government perfbrmance; and 4. the effect these changes had on the Westminster system in Australia. The thesis is in three parts. Part one deals with the nature of public service efficiency and responsiveness. It examines the literature surrounding the nature of the terms and provides a definition of each. Part two details and analyses how public service efficiency was measured and improved from the end of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the 1970s. It will detail the rise and decline in public service boards and commissions and how they were used to initially limit patronage and then to act as monitoring agencies to ensure that public service input costs were as small as they could be 1i will also detail how other factors, such as the training and education of staff and computerisation had an increasing role in improving efficiency. The third part deals with the changes that have occurred since the 1970s. This will examine how responsiveness emerged as an issue and how it became an essential companion to efficiency when promoting bureaucratic change.. It will examine how the nomenclature of efficiency has been applied when the political executive seeks to ensure greater responsiveness from the public service. This third part will examine the main apparatus that were employed by the political executive to improve efficiency and responsiveness: progr am budgeting, corporate planthng, efficiency audits and contracts with senior staff. Finally, I will demonstrate the inability or unwillingness of many ministers and governments to detail policy objectives and their reluctance to evaluate the effectiveness of spending. This was accompanied by a greater reliance on senior employment contracts as the main lever to improve efficiency and responsiveness of the service.
8
Allan, Geoffrey. "A Different Agenda: The Changing Meaning of Public Service Efficiency and Responsiveness in Australia's Public Services." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367174.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the changing nature of efficiency and tesponsiveness of Australian public services over the past century It will examine how over the past 100 years efficiency has been improved and assessed. It will also examine how, since the 1970s, efficiency has become synonymous with responsiveness. The main argument of this thesis is that the nature of efficiency and responsiveness has changed over the past century.. Reforms introduced fiom the 1970s where the rationale at the time was improved efficiency, were essentially designed to make the public service more accountable and thereby responsive to the political executive. The study will examine: 1. the measures governments employed to improve efficiency and assess their effectiveness; 2. how responsiveness became the corollary of efficiency; 3. the resultant changes assessment of government perfbrmance; and 4. the effect these changes had on the Westminster system in Australia. The thesis is in three parts. Part one deals with the nature of public service efficiency and responsiveness. It examines the literature surrounding the nature of the terms and provides a definition of each. Part two details and analyses how public service efficiency was measured and improved from the end of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the 1970s. It will detail the rise and decline in public service boards and commissions and how they were used to initially limit patronage and then to act as monitoring agencies to ensure that public service input costs were as small as they could be 1i will also detail how other factors, such as the training and education of staff and computerisation had an increasing role in improving efficiency. The third part deals with the changes that have occurred since the 1970s. This will examine how responsiveness emerged as an issue and how it became an essential companion to efficiency when promoting bureaucratic change.. It will examine how the nomenclature of efficiency has been applied when the political executive seeks to ensure greater responsiveness from the public service. This third part will examine the main apparatus that were employed by the political executive to improve efficiency and responsiveness: progr am budgeting, corporate planthng, efficiency audits and contracts with senior staff. Finally, I will demonstrate the inability or unwillingness of many ministers and governments to detail policy objectives and their reluctance to evaluate the effectiveness of spending. This was accompanied by a greater reliance on senior employment contracts as the main lever to improve efficiency and responsiveness of the service.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Full Text
9
Ostrowski, Romuald, and n/a. "Outsourcing the human resource development function in the Australian Public Service." University of Canberra. Professional & Community Education, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060823.170859.
Full textAbstract:
The Howard Government has made public its agenda to significantly reform the
Australian Public Service (APS). It has presented its vision for a highly efficient
APS which is globally competitive by being customer focused, and by
benchmarking best practice in organisation management. Outsourcing of a
range of internal functions is but one of the strategies Commonwealth agency
Chief Executive Officers are applying or considering to apply in achieving the
Government's vision for a reformed APS.
When examining functions to be outsourced within Commonwealth agencies it
seems that many senior managers see benefits in outsourcing a range of
corporate support functions. Such support functions, which are considered as
potentially being undertaken by private sector vendors, generally include
property management, financial management, payroll services, records
management, human resource management (HRM) and human resource
development (HRD).
In view of the varying impacts different functions have on an organisation it
would be rational to consider the implications of outsourcing each function
separately. All functions are complex and have their own specific impacts on
the organisation. In its own right HRD has a significant impact on an
organisation in that it develops and trains employees, initiates and delivers a
range of interventions to improve performance and brings about a desired
corporate culture.
The idea of outsourcing the HRD function presents an interesting topic for
study. Recent APS reforms, which include outsourcing strategies, provide an
opportunity to examine the practice of outsourcing the HRD function within
selected Commonwealth agencies.
Outsourcing the HRD function, within the Commonwealth context, raises two
basic questions:
· What factors need to be considered before deciding to outsource (or not
outsource) the HRD function?
· What factors do managers within selected Commonwealth agencies
consider before arriving at a decision to outsource the HRD function?
In essence this study seeks to review how HRD and outsourcing generally
apply to the APS. It also critically examines the outsourcing of the HRD
function in certain Commonwealth agencies, and the implication this could have
for ongoing people and organisation development.
10
Laver, John Poynton, and n/a. "The Public Accounts Committee: pursuing probity and effeciency in the Australian Public Service: the origins, work, nature and purpose of the Commonwealth's Public Accounts Committee." University of Canberra. Management, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050621.150413.
Full textAbstract:
The Commonwealth parliament's Public Accounts Committee (PAC) was established
in 1913 and to the end of 1995 had produced 397 reports on government expenditure
and administration, with almost all its recommendations implemented by government.
However despite the Committee's prominence among the instruments parliament
has used to oversight the executive, not only does it lack clear legislative authority
for major areas of its activities but its specific purpose is not defined in its legislation.
Among other things the latter omission renders proper evaluation of the PAC's
effectiveness impossible, as objectives are a necessary prerequisite to assessment.
This thesis establishes the de facto purpose of the Committee by tracing the
development of standing public accounts committees generally, and by analysing
the PAC's work as shown by its output of tabled reports.
In that development, six evolutionary phases are identified:
the PAC's roots in the move to a parliamentary control of the administration of
government expenditure in Britain from the 1780s;
its genesis in the 1850s with the concept of the standing public accounts
committee, to be concerned with regularity and probity in government
expenditure;
its origins in the establishment of the British standing public accounts committee ,
in 1861, stressing high standards of government accounting, audit and reporting;
its establishment in the Commonwealth, concentrating on information on
departmental activities, efficient implementation of government programs and
provision of policy advice;
its re-establishment in 1951, stressing parliamentary control of government
financial administration; and
its operations from 1980, pressing for economic fundamentalist change in the
public sector.
Their output shows that in these phases the committees concerned displayed
characteristic standing public accounts committee activism and independence in
utilising the wording of their enabling documentation to adapt themselves to changes
in their environment by pursuing a corresponding different mix of one or more of
the following concurrent immediate aims:
ensuring adequate systems of government accounting, audit and reporting;
ensuring probity and regularity in departmental expenditure;
obtaining and disseminating information on departmental activities;
ensuring high standards of departmental administration and management;
providing policy advice to executive government; and
ensuring economic, efficient and effective government spending.
Together these attributes and practices have made the PAC a parliamentary instrument
of unequalled flexibility with a single continuing underlying aim - a purpose not
concerning the public accounts per se, but directed at achieving high standards of
management and administration in government by calling the Commonwealth's public
service to account for its expenditure and activities.
Books on the topic "Australian Public Service"
1
Office, Australian Audit. Efficiency audit report, Australian Government Publishing Service. Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1987.
Find full text
2
W, Holmes John. Reform in the Australian Public Service 1983-1996. Ottawa: Ministry of Supply and Services, 1997.
Find full text
3
W, Holmes J. Reform in the Australian public service, 1983-1996. Ottawa: Office of the Auditor General of Canada, 1997.
Find full text
4
Corbett, D. C. Australian public sector management. St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 1992.
Find full text
5
Corbett, D. C. Australian public sector management. 2nd ed. St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 1996.
Find full text
6
Kakabadse, Andrew. Leadership in government: Study of the Australian public service. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 1998.
Find full text
7
Hartigan, Paul. The public service unzipped: Memoirs of a mandarin. Melbourne, Vic: Text Pub. Co., 1995.
Find full text
8
Garrick, John. Can beggars be choosers?: An introduction to Australian welfare. Redfern, NSW: TAFE NSW, 1991.
Find full text
9
MacDermott, Kathy. Whatever Happened to Frank and Fearless?: The impact of new public management on the Australian Public Service. Canberra: ANU Press, 2008.
Find full text
10
Australia. Parliament. Joint Committee of Public Accounts. Managing people in the Australian public serivce: Dilemmas of devolution and diversity. Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Australian Public Service"
1
McAllister, Ian, Malcolm Mackerras, and Carolyn Brown Boldiston. "The public service." In Australian Political facts, 436–59. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15196-7_10.
Full text
2
Lansbury, Russell D., and Duncan K. Macdonald. "Employment Relations in the Australian Public Sector." In Strategic Choices in Reforming Public Service Employment, 216–42. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403920171_9.
Full text
3
Armstrong, Anona. "Governance of Public Service Companies: Australian Cases and Examples." In Organizational Innovation in Public Services, 151–69. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137011848_9.
Full text
4
Korac-Kakabadse, Nada, Andrew Korac-Kakabadse, and Alexander Kouzmin. "Towards Electronic Service Delivery: Canadian, Australian and United Kingdom Government Initiatives." In Public Sector Reform, 167–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403900982_11.
Full text
5
Davis, M. E., and M. J. Miller. "The Australian Five Year Space Plan — Public Good, Commercial Benefits or Internationalization?" In Space of Service to Humanity, 71–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5692-9_8.
Full text
6
Bycroft, Peter, Catherine Argall, and Natalie Wearne. "Market Research, Accountability, Outcome-focus and Service Standards in the Australian Government Public Sector: How Market Research has Significantly Improved the Reformation of the Australian Government Public Sector." In Market Research Best Practice, 601–22. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119208815.ch29.
Full text
7
Wipulanusat, Warit, Kriengsak Panuwatwanich, and Rodney A. Stewart. "Statistical Data Analysis of Culture for Innovation Using an Open Data Set from the Australian Public Service." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 78–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60795-5_7.
Full text
8
Jaensch, Dean. "The Public Service." In The Politics of Australia, 168–92. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15148-6_7.
Full text
9
Davis, Glyn. "A Contract State? New Public Management in Australia." In New Public Service, 177–97. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-10900-6_9.
Full text
10
Hawkins, Gay. "Public Service Media in Australia: Governing Diversity." In Reinventing Public Service Communication, 287–97. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230277113_23.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Australian Public Service"
1
Billestrup, Jane, Nis Bornø, Anders Bruun, and Jan Stage. "Usability problems found across public self-service applications and self-service providers." In the 28th Australian Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3010915.3011839.
Full text
2
Hawking, Paul, Andrew Stein, and Susan Foster. "e-HR and Employee Self Service: A Case Study of a Victorian Public Sector Organisation." In InSITE 2004: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2757.
Full textAbstract:
The application of the internet to the Human Resource function (e-HR) combines two elements: one is the use of electronic media whilst the other is the active participation of employees in the process. These two elements drive the technology that helps organisations lower administration costs, improve employee communication and satisfaction, provide real time access to information while at the same time reducing processing time. This technology holds out the promise of challenging the past role of HR as one of payroll processing and manual administrative processes to one where cost efficiencies can be gained, enabling more time and energy to be devoted to strategic business issues. The relative quick gains with low associated risk have prompted many Australian companies to realise what can be achieved through the implementation of a business to employee (B2E) model. Employee Self Service (ESS), a solution based on the B2E model enables employees to access the corporate human resource information system 24x7. This paper adopts a case study approach with a view to investigating the benefits and associated issues obtained from an implementation of an ESS in an Australian public sector organisation.Keywords: Employee Self Service, e-Human Resources, B2E, HRMIS, ERP Systems, Australian Case Study
3
Campbell, Marilyn. "What is the Place of Innovative ICT Uses in School Counseling?" In InSITE 2004: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2823.
Full textAbstract:
With our ever-changing society there seems to be more pressures on young people. Recent epidemiological studies in Australia have found that adolescent mental health is an important public health problem (Sawyer et al., 2001). As many as one in five Australian children aged from 4 to 17 have significant mental health concerns (Zubrick, Silburn, Burton, & Blair, 2000). However, only one in four young people receive professional help (Sawyer, et al., 2001). Schools in Australia provide school counselors to assist students, yet many young people do not avail themselves of this service. However, young people do seek help from telephone help-lines (in 2002 almost 1.1 million phone calls were made to Kids Help Line) and from the Internet (Kids Help Line, 2003a). Perhaps more anonymous forms of counseling, such as cybercounseling, could deliver a more effective service within a school setting. The difficulties and benefits of school based webcounseling are discussed in terms of therapeutic, ethical and legal issues, as well as technical problems and recent research outcomes.
4
Jovanović, Zoran. "Uticaj novog javnog menadžmeta na privatizaciju javnih službi." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.891j.
Full textAbstract:
Public services that satisfy the interest of the community in contemporary conditions are provided by administrative organizations, market entities or an administrative organization and a private entity together through various arrangements, all depending on the generally accepted conception of the role of the state in public administration. Some of the countries to be analyzed went much deeper into management than other countries because governments realized that they did not have to provide goods and services to citizens if they could not guarantee that services would be provided fairly, which contributed to the rapid and effective public service reform. The state (administration) becomes (remains) only the coordinator of public policies that ensures fairness in providing services to citizens, and ceases to be its undisputed immediate executor. In this paper, the author analyzes the impact of new public management on the privatization of public services in the United States and in Westminster countries (Canada, United Kingdom and Australia). Private provision of public services has long been a part of efficient and effective governance in these countries. In the midst of new public management reforms that have spread around the world since the 1980s and beyond, there is a growing interest in private governance and ownership of key public services at all levels of government. A key question for governments considering privatizing public services is whether private firms provide higher quality services than their public sector partners. Compared to the performance of private sector organizations, the quality of public service delivery is difficult to measure and monitor in today's context. For these reasons, it is sometimes thought that private firms may not have the necessary capabilities to deal with all elements of effective public service management.
5
Alam, Firoz, and Reza N. Jazar. "An Experimental Study of Acid Exposed Fibre Reinforced Plastic Gratings." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64152.
Full textAbstract:
Fibre Reinforced Plastics (FRPs) generally have greater advantages over conventional materials for their structural properties. However, the service life can significantly be shortened if the fibre reinforced plastics are exposed to adverse environmental conditions especially acid vapour, humidity and high temperature. In many chemical industrial plants in Australia and elsewhere fibre reinforced plastic gratings are used as structural components of stairs and passages where they are subjected to varying degrees of fluosilicic acid, a byproduct of the industrial manufacturing process. As currently no experimental data on the effects of fluosilicic acid on FRPs is available in the public domain, it is difficult to predict the service life of FRPs with some certainty. In order to understand the structural strength of fluosilicic acid exposed FRPs, an experimental study was undertaken. A series of specimens from various locations of a chemical plan in Australia were acquired and studied. Some new specimens (not exposed to acid, humidity and high temperature) were also studied to provide a benchmark for the comparison. The results indicated that the long time exposure to harsh environment and acid vapour can significantly deteriorate the flexural strength and service life of FRPs.
6
Kumar Debnath, Ashim, Tamara Banks, and Ross Blackman. "Beyond the Barriers: Road Construction Safety Issues From the Office and the Roadside." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100162.
Full textAbstract:
Conceptually, the management of safety at roadworks can be seen in a three level framework. At the regulatory level, roadworks operate at the interface between the work environment, governed by workplace health and safety regulations, and the road environment, which is subject to road traffic regulations and practices. At the organizational level, national, state and local governments plan and purchase road construction and maintenance which are then delivered in-house or tendered out to large construction companies who often subcontract multiple smaller companies to supply services and labor. At the operational level, roadworks are difficult to isolate from the general public, hindering effective occupational health and safety controls. This study, from the State of Queensland, Australia, examines how well this tripartite framework functions. It includes reviews of organizational policy and procedures documents; interviews with 24 subject matter experts from various road construction and maintenance organizations, and on-site interviews with 66 road construction personnel. The study identified several factors influencing the translation of safety policies into practice including the cost of safety measures in the context of competitive tendering, lack of firm evidence of the effectiveness of safety measures, and pressures to minimize disruption to the travelling public.
7
Buultjens, Melissa, Priscilla Robinson, Gregory Murphy, and Jeannette Milgrom. "The Outcomes of an Exploration of Maternity Models of Care and Allied Health Service Delivery in the Public Sector across Victoria, Australia." In 2nd Annual Global Healthcare Conference (GHC 2013). Global Science and Technology Forum Pte Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3833_ghc13.13.
Full text
8
Sage, Jack, and Michael Sankey. "Managing career transitions into post-secondary Learning Designer Jobs: An Australasian perspective." In ASCILITE 2021: Back to the Future – ASCILITE ‘21. University of New England, Armidale, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14742/ascilite2021.0103.
Full textAbstract:
This semi-structured qualitative study maps out the diversity of career paths of Australian and New Zealand (ANZ) learning designers (LDs) and summarises their career advice for those aspiring to be LDs. It identifies that, among the 92 participants, there were many different pathways into the profession both from an academic and from professional backgrounds. It identified that the most common entry points into the postsecondary LD profession come through previously working: as a primary and secondary teacher; in higher education student services, as an English as a Second Language (ESL) professional, a sessional academic seeking job stability; in private industry, such as in film and television and in the area of training and development. Most career transitions into LD were serendipitous, or a natural progression rather than a deliberate and planned process. The study further identified a paucity of LD and associated professions career information in ANZ public domain, which held some back from entering a Learning Design career earlier. This paper concludes with some recommended strategies to address this, to the extent that it is hoped that this paper will aid aspiring LDs in planning their career transitions more effectively.
9
Göl, Berna. "A Transformation of Leisure in the Architectural Imaginary: Could the Tiny House Movement Learn from Megastructuralism?" In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3983pl8u6.
Full textAbstract:
Architecture culture inevitably revolves around the idea of leisure including its many connotations, such as recreation, reproduction, education, entertainment etc. As a concept, it not only corresponds to many spheres of everyday life, but also designates how time is being or should be spent via functions associated with architecture (such as leisure parks), through challenging architectural imagination (experimentation with pavilions or museums) as well as discourse built around particular examples of architecture. In the post-war world, leisure society was a prominent expression and had direct effects on architectural production through cultural centers, educational facilities and a vast range of public spaces that were meant to serve all individuals of society. On the other hand, leisure, arguably, is now being replaced by other ideas such as well-being or happiness. It is possible to observe a shift from a societal imaginary onto an individual one. This paper takes this shift in ideas around leisure and traces its possible extensions in the architectural culture via two trends in architecture: Megastructuralism and the tiny house movement. While the megastructralists of the 1960s imagined self-sufficient cities and communities, the tiny house movement of the past decade has been looking for self-sufficiency through singular houses/households. Departing from major texts such as Fumihiko Maki’s Collective Form (1964) or Reynar Banham’s Megastructures (1976) to old and new critical articles on the tiny house movement, this paper investigates references to leisure and ideas around it. It explores the tiny house movement and the megastructuralism; mapping their parallels in responding to crises of their era, their ways of experimenting and challenging architecture’s limits and finally aims to address what the two movements may display about one another as an attempt to enhance present architectural theory.
Reports on the topic "Australian Public Service"
1
Althaus, Catherine, and Carmel McGregor. Ensuring a world-class Australian Public Service: delivering local solutions. Australia and New Zealand School of Government, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54810/yybw7779.
Full text
2
Chou, Mark, Rachel Busbridge, and Serrin Rutledge-Prior. The changing role of local government in Australia : National survey findings. Research Centre for Social and Political Change, Australian Catholic University, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24268/acu.8yqz3.
Full textAbstract:
[Extract] The aim of this report is to analyse public perceptions on the changing role of local government in Australia. Exploring how the Australian public views and understands the expansion of local government activity, from the Three Rs to a more expansive if still limited tier of government, offers crucial insights about the sector’s current state and future direction. This report presents the findings from a new national survey of 1,350 respondents who were asked what they saw the role local government to be, what services the sector should deliver, and whether acting on controversial issues to do with national identity, refugee support, and climate change, for example, should be within local government’s remit.
3
Ryan, Mark David, Greg Hearn, Marion McCutcheon, Stuart Cunningham, and Katherine Kirkwood. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Albany and Denmark. Queensland University of Technology, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.213126.
Full textAbstract:
Located a 45-minute drive apart from each other in WA’s Great Southern Region, Albany and Denmark attract creative practitioners who are drawn to the region’s natural beauty and country lifestyle. A regional services hub, Albany has a robust creative services presence with a legacy media sector that functions as a hub for public and commercial media organisations servicing Great Southern and the Wheatbelt. Denmark, while a much smaller town, is renowned nationally as an enclave for locally, nationally, and internationally acclaimed artists and creatives.
4
Hearn, Greg, Marion McCutcheon, Mark Ryan, and Stuart Cunningham. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Geraldton. Queensland University of Technology, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.203692.
Full textAbstract:
Grassroots arts connected to economy through start-up culture Geraldton is a regional centre in Western Australia, with 39,000 people and a stable, diverse economy that includes a working port, mining services, agriculture, and the rock-lobster fishing industry (see Appendix). Tourism, though small, is growing rapidly. The arts and culture ecosystem of Geraldton is notable for three characteristics: - a strong publicly-funded arts and cultural strategy, with clear rationales that integrate social, cultural, and economic objectives - a longstanding, extensive ecosystem of pro-am and volunteer arts and cultural workers - strong local understanding of arts entrepreneurship, innovative business models for artists, and integrated connection with other small businesses and incubators
5
Cunningham, Stuart, Marion McCutcheon, Greg Hearn, Mark Ryan, and Christy Collis. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Sunshine Coast. Queensland University of Technology, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.136822.
Full textAbstract:
The Sunshine Coast (unless otherwise specified, Sunshine Coast refers to the region which includes both Sunshine Coast and Noosa council areas) is a classic regional hotspot. In many respects, the Sunshine Coast has assets that make it the “Goldilocks” of Queensland hotspots: “the agility of the region and our collaborative nature is facilitated by the fact that we're not too big, not too small - 330,000 people” (Paddenburg, 2019); “We are in that perfect little bubble of just right of about everything” (Erbacher 2019). The Sunshine Coast has one of the fastest-growing economies in Australia. Its population is booming and its local governments are working together to establish world-class communications, transport and health infrastructure, while maintaining the integrity of the region’s much-lauded environment and lifestyle. As a result, the Sunshine Coast Council is regarded as a pioneer on smart city initiatives, while Noosa Shire Council has built a reputation for prioritising sustainable development. The region’s creative economy is growing at a faster rate that of the rest of the economy—in terms of job growth, earnings, incomes and business registrations. These gains, however, are not spread uniformly. Creative Services (that is, the advertising and marketing, architecture and design, and software and digital content sectors) are flourishing, while Cultural Production (music and performing arts, publishing and visual arts) is variable, with visual and performing arts growing while film, television and radio and publishing have low or no growth. The spirit of entrepreneurialism amongst many creatives in the Sunshine Coast was similar to what we witnessed in other hotspots: a spirit of not necessarily relying on institutions, seeking out alternative income sources, and leveraging networks. How public agencies can better harness that energy and entrepreneurialism could be a focus for ongoing strategy. There does seem to be a lower level of arts and culture funding going into the Sunshine Coast from governments than its population base and cultural and creative energy might suggest. Federal and state arts funding programs are under-delivering to the Sunshine Coast.
6
Toloo, Sam, Ruvini Hettiarachchi, David Lim, and Katie Wilson. Reducing Emergency Department demand through expanded primary healthcare practice: Full report of the research and findings. Queensland University of Technology, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227473.
Full textAbstract:
Demand for public hospital emergency departments’ services and care is increasing, placing considerable restraint on their performance and threatens patient safety. Many factors influence such demand including individual characteristics (e.g. perceptions, knowledge, values and norms), healthcare availability, affordability and accessibility, population aging, and internal health system factors (e.g patient flow, discharge process). To alleviate demand, many initiatives have been trialled or suggested, including early identification of at-risk patients, better management of chronic disease to reduce avoidable ED presentation, expanded capacity of front-line clinician to manage sub-acute and non-urgent care, improved hospital flow to reduce access block, and diversion to alternate site for care. However, none have had any major or sustained impact on the growth in ED demand. A major focus of the public discourse on ED demand has been the use and integration of primary healthcare and ED, based on the assumption that between 10%–25% of ED presentations are potentially avoidable if patients’ access to appropriate primary healthcare (PHC) services were enhanced. However, this requires not only improved access but also appropriateness in terms of the patients’ preference and PHC providers’ capacity to address the needs. What is not known at the moment is the extent of the potential for diversion of non-urgent ED patients to PHC and the cost-benefits of such policy and funding changes required, particularly in the Australian context. There is a need to better understand ED patients’ needs and capacity constraint so as to effect delivery of accessible, affordable, efficient and responsive services. Jennie Money Doug Morel
7
Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.
Full textAbstract:
Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.