Journal articles on the topic 'Australian policy'
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1
Tsokhas, Kosmas. "Dedominionization: the Anglo-Australian experience, 1939–1945." Historical Journal 37, no. 4 (December 1994): 861–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00015120.
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ABSTRACTThe role of decolonization in the decline of the British empire has received a great deal of attention. In comparison there has been little research or analysis of the process of dedominionization affecting Australia and the other dominions. During the Second World War economic ties were seriously weakened and there were substantial conflicts over economic policy between the British and Australian governments. Australia refused to reduce imports in order to conserve foreign exchange, thus contributing to the United Kingdom's debt burden. The Australian government insisted that the British guarantee Australia's sterling balances and refused to adopt the stringent fiscal policies requested by the Bank of England and the British treasury. Australia also took the opportunity to expand domestic manufacturing industry at the expense of British manufacturers. Economic separation and conflict were complemented by political and strategic differences. In particular, the Australian government realized that British military priorities made it impossible for the United Kingdom to defend Australia. This led the Australians towards a policy of cooperating with the British embargo on Japan, only to the extent that this would be unlikely to provoke Japanese military retaliation. In general, the Australians preferred a policy of compromise in the Far East to one of deterrence preferred by the British.
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Zulkarnain and Aos Yuli Firdaus. "Australia Foreign Policy Effect On Indonesia Post Independence of Timor Leste." Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 4, no. 2 (June 16, 2022): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v4i2.667.
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As initially, Australia supported the integration of Timor Leste into the Republic of Indonesia, many events occurred which caused the relationship between Indonesia and Australia to be slightly disturbed. The changes that have taken place in Australia's relationship with Indonesia illustrate the real effects of Timor-Leste's independence. As a result of Australia's role in the East Timorese independence process, its relationship underwent many changes, especially in the political and military fields. The changes taking place in military relations are evident. First, the Agreement on Mutual Security (AMS) was released. Second, the joint training was cancelled, and the troops that used to work together became enemies. Eventually, Australian arms sales to Indonesia were stopped. Changes in the political and diplomatic sphere, including all political visits, were cancelled, and politicians within Australia and Indonesia publicly denounced others. Furthermore, cooperation within the global framework is limited, and the Ambassador's 'high alert' status is. Overall, Australia's relations with Indonesia became hostile. This study aims to determine how the influence of Australian foreign policy on Indonesia after the independence of Timor Leste. This research shows that the independence of Timor Leste and Australia's role in this process directly influenced government relations between Australia and Indonesia. Most Indonesians view the Australian government's actions and policies as separate from its relationship with Australian citizens. However, the relationship between people must still be considered when making policies about Indonesia because of widespread reactions to Australia's role in the East Timorese independence process.
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Firdaus, Aos Yuli. "The Effects of Australia's Foreign Policy on Indonesia Post-Independence Timor Leste." British Journal of Philosophy, Sociology and History 2, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/bjpsh.2022.2.1.4.
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As initially, Australia supported the integration of Timor Leste into the Republic of Indonesia, many events occurred which caused the relationship between Indonesia and Australia to be slightly disturbed. The changes that have taken place in Australia's relationship with Indonesia illustrate the real effects of Timor-Leste's independence. As a result of Australia's role in the East Timorese independence process, its relationship underwent many changes, especially in the political and military fields. The changes taking place in military relations are evident. The Agreement on Mutual Security (AMS) was released, the joint training was canceled, and the troops that used to work together became enemies. Eventually, Australian arms sales to Indonesia were stopped. Changes in the political and diplomatic sphere, including all political visits, were canceled, and politicians within Australia and Indonesia publicly denounced others. Furthermore, cooperation within the global framework is limited, and the Ambassador's 'high alert' status is. Overall, Australia's relations with Indonesia became hostile. This study aims to determine how the influence of Australian foreign policy on Indonesia after the independence of Timor Leste. This research shows that the independence of Timor Leste and Australia's role in this process directly influenced government relations between Australia and Indonesia. Most Indonesians view the Australian government's actions and policies as separate from its relationship with Australian citizens.
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Benvenuti, Andrea, and David Martin Jones. "Engaging Southeast Asia? Labor's Regional Mythology and Australia's Military Withdrawal from Singapore and Malaysia, 1972–1973." Journal of Cold War Studies 12, no. 4 (October 2010): 32–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00047.
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This article draws on previously classified Australian and British archival material to reevaluate Australian Prime Minister Gough Whitlam's foreign policy. The article focuses on the Whitlam government's decision in 1973 to withdraw Australian forces from Malaysia and Singapore—a decision that constitutes a neglected but defining episode in the evolution of Australian postwar diplomacy. An analysis of this decision reveals the limits of Whitlam's attempt to redefine the conduct of Australian foreign policy from 1972 to 1975, a policy he saw as too heavily influenced by the Cold War. Focusing on Whitlam's approach to the Five Power Defence Arrangement, this article contends that far from being an adroit and skillful architect of Australian engagement with Asia, Whitlam irritated Australia's regional allies and complicated Australia's relations with its immediate neighbors. Australia's subsequent adjustment to its neighborhood was not the success story implied in the general histories of Australian diplomacy. Whitlam's policy toward Southeast Asia, far from being a “watershed” in foreign relations, as often assumed, left Australia increasingly isolated from its region and more reliant on its chief Cold War ally, the United States.
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Vietrynskyi, I. "Australian Foreign Policy during the World War II." Problems of World History, no. 18 (November 8, 2022): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2022-18-3.
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The article is related to the establishment of Australian foreign policy tradition and becoming of Australia as a subject of international relations. The significant role of the dominions during First World War Great and their help for Great Britain victory, intensified their struggle for independence. As the result of long-term efforts, dominions reached the proclamation of the Balfour Declaration in 1926 by London, which was later confirmed by the Statute of Westminster (1931), which established the authority for dominions for an independent foreign policy. The development of Australian foreign policy before and during World War II was analyzed. The evolution of the relations of the Australia and Great Britain in the context of the events of the World War II is traced, in particular the peculiarities of the allied relations of the two countries. There is shown the regional dimension of the World War II within the Asia-Pacific region, in the context of Australia and the United States actions against Japanese aggression. There are analyzed the peculiarities of external threats effect on the transformation of the Australian foreign policy strategy, in particular in the national security sphere. The main threat for Australia in that period become Japanise aggressive and expansionist policy in the Asia-Pacific region. A lot of Australian soldiers and military equipment were sent to Great Britain to support traditional allie. But in actual strategic situation in Europe there were great doubts that British troops and the navy would be able to effectively help Australians in case of an attack by Japan. Politics of national security and defense of Australia in the context of its participation in World War II is considered. In the conditions of real threat of Japanese invasion, as well as the lack of sure to receive necessary support from Great Britain, the Australian government start to find a military alliance with the USA. There were identified the key implications of World War II for Australian socio-economic system.
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Given, Jock. "‘Not Unreasonably Denied’: Australian Content after Ausfta." Media International Australia 111, no. 1 (May 2004): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0411100104.
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The text of the Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA), released in early March 2004, makes more concessions than many in Australia's audiovisual and cultural industries might have hoped, but less than they feared. Its precise impact will depend on how ‘new media’ replaces, subsumes or supplements ‘old media’, and how quickly. AUSFTA institutionalises much lower aspirations about the level of Australian content in emerging media systems than Australians have come to expect in broadcast television. Some will interpret this simply as an articulation of the policy impotence which will inevitably flow from technological change. Others will recognise it as a partial, but historic, concession of Australian policy capacity and a broad acceptance of the long-standing US agenda for the information economy — long and tough protections for intellectual property rights, but increasingly liberal global markets for trading them. This article explains the provisions of AUSFTA and examines their effect on Australian audiovisual and cultural activities.
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Clarke, Harry. "Australian Tourism Industry Policy: A New View." Tourism Economics 3, no. 4 (December 1997): 361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669700300405.
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An economic rationale for Australian public sector involvement in the management of tourism can be established on two grounds. First, there are resource/environmental and public good issues contingent on the external costs associated with Australia's domestic and international tourism. Second, there are rent extraction and marketing issues stemming from Australia's destination uniqueness and the consequent existence of national market power in the provision of international tourism. Analysis of this joint rationale for policy activism suggests a form for appropriate policies and a functional separation in the organization and management of policy. While some of the present discussion is specific to Australia, the viewpoint developed here is relevant to any economy with a substantial tourism sector.
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Dwyer, Judith, and Sandra Leggat. "Australian Health Review call for papers." Australian Health Review 29, no. 4 (2005): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah050377.
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The editors of Australian Health Review are seeking articles for an upcoming issue on mental health services in Australia and New Zealand. It is estimated that mental health problems and mental illness will affect more than 20% of the adult population in their lifetime and between 10%?15% of young people in any one year. In Australia, through the National Mental Health Strategy, all levels of Australian government have recognised the need to work together to reform services and policy to ensure that, wherever possible, people with a mental illness are able to enjoy the same opportunities as other Australians. In New Zealand, the Mental Health Commission envisions a place where people with mental illness have personal power, full participation in their communities and access to a fully developed range of recovery-oriented services. To help inform policy and practice, Australian Health Review is looking to publish research papers, case studies and commentaries related to mental health. Some potential topic areas include: � Governance and management � Consumer and community perspectives � Program evaluation and economic analysis � Impact of policy. Submissions related to international programs with lessons for Australia and New Zealand will also be welcomed. Submissions can be short commentaries of 1000 to 2000 words, or a more comprehensive review of the topic of 2000 to 3000 words. The deadline for submission is 15 February 2006.
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Laughren, Pat. "Debating Australian Documentary Production Policy: Some Practitioner Perspectives." Media International Australia 129, no. 1 (November 2008): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812900112.
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On 1 July 2008, Screen Australia commenced operation as the main Australian government agency supporting the screen production industry. This article considers some of the policy issues and challenges identified by the ‘community of practitioners’ as facing Australian documentary production at the time of the formation of that ‘super-agency’ from the merger of its three predecessor organisations — the Australian Film Commission, the Film Finance Corporation and Film Australia. The article proceeds by sketching the history of documentary production in Australia and identifying the bases of its financial and regulatory supports. It also surveys recent debate in the documentary sector and attempts to contextualise the themes of those discussions within the history of the Australian documentary.
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Taylor, Brendan. "Is Australia's Indo-Pacific strategy an illusion?" International Affairs 96, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz228.
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Abstract Australia has been among the most prominent advocates of the increasingly popular Indo-Pacific concept. This article argues that Canberra's enthusiasm for the concept stems from its appeal to the two dominant traditions of Australian foreign policy—a ‘dependent ally’ tradition and a ‘middle power’ approach. While these two traditions are typically seen as being in tension, the Indo-Pacific concept provides a rare point of convergence between them. The article begins by outlining the appeal of the Indo-Pacific concept to each of these traditions. Using a case-study of recent Australian policy toward the South China Sea disputes, however, the article then demonstrates that Australia has in practice implemented its stated Indo-Pacific strategy far less consistently than its very vocal support would appear to suggest. This disjuncture is attributed to the growing influence of a third, generally understudied, ‘pragmatic’ Australian foreign policy tradition. Because Australia has been such a prominent champion of the Indo-Pacific concept, the article concludes that this divergence between the rhetoric and the reality of Australia's Indo-Pacific strategy threatens to have a negative impact on the concept's broader international appeal and sustainability, particularly among Australia's south-east Asian neighbours.
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Minns, John, Kieran Bradley, and Fabricio H. Chagas-Bastos. "Australia’s Refugee Policy." International Studies 55, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020881717746797.
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The image of three-year-old Aylan Kurdi’s body, washed up on a Turkish beach is only the most visible face among the large number of tragic deaths resulting from the perilous journey of the world’s desperate to reach safety. Over the years, the arrival of asylum-seekers to Australia has been an issue of significant political contestation. In October 2015 former Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott urged European leaders to follow Australia’s example and prevent the recent wave of Syrian refugees from crossing borders. Contrary to Abbott’s appeal, the ‘Australian Solution’ is a model neither Europe nor anyone else should follow. Australia’s refugee policies emerged not in response to the number of asylum-seeker arrivals, but rather as a political appeal to fear and segregation in order to scapegoat the Other. We outline Australia’s refugee policies over the previous two decades (1992–2015), discuss some of their negative consequences and the implications of the Australian model being adopted internationally. Finally, we propose alternative ways forward for both Australia and Europe.
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Young, Sally. "Sending a Message: The Australian's Reporting of Media Policy." Media International Australia 157, no. 1 (November 2015): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1515700110.
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As Australia's only national general newspaper, with an elite ‘political class’ audience, The Australian has been at the forefront of newspaper proprietors' attempts to influence media policy. This article analyses The Australian's reporting of two key media policy proposals affecting newspapers: the establishment of the Australian Press Council in 1975–76 and the Independent Inquiry into Media and Media Regulation (the Finkelstein inquiry) in 2012–13. While the events were 36 years apart, the paper's stance and rhetoric were remarkably similar. However, its approach to journalism and to providing information to its audience changed in several important respects.
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Maksum, Ali, and Try Sjahputra. "The Indonesia-Australia partnership to counter radicalism and terrorism in Indonesia." UNISCI Journal 20, no. 58 (January 15, 2022): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31439/unisci-133.
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Indonesia and Australia have always been helpful partners since Indonesian Independence in 1945. However, the relationship was worsened after Bali Bombings in 2002 and 2005 as well as Australian embassy bombing in 2004 that killed many Australians. Thus, using Australian perspective, this article attempts to examine the response of Australian government in dealing with terrorism problems in Indonesia as well as the feedback from Indonesia. The research reveals that given the fact that Australia has many interests in Indonesia added with the geographical proximity, it is naturally urged to resolve the terrorism issues in Indonesia. The study found out that Australia proposed some programs to Indonesia due to its domestic interest and international factors. At the same time, Indonesia was also the main beneficiary of Australian counter terrorism policy.
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Eggington, William. "Language Policy and Planning in Australia." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (March 1994): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002865.
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Australian federal and state government language policy and planning efforts have had a remarkable effect on Australian educational and non-educational life during the past twenty years. This effort has resulted in strong international recognition of the Australian language policy experience. For example, Romaine, in the introduction to her anthology focusing on the languages of Australia states that “the movement to set up a national language policy is so far unprecedented in the major Anglophone countries” (Romaine 1991:8).
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Kabir, Nahid Afrose. "Australian Muslim Citizens." Australian Journal of Islamic Studies 5, no. 2 (September 27, 2020): 4–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55831/ajis.v5i2.273.
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Muslims have a long history in Australia. In 2016, Muslims formed 2.6 per cent of the total Australian population. In this article, I will discuss Australian Muslims’ citizenship in two time periods, 2006–2018 and 2020. In the first period, I will examine Australian Muslims’ identity and sense of belonging, and whether their race or culture have any impact on their Australian citizenship. I will also discuss the political rhetoric concerning Australian Muslims. In the second period, 2020, I will examine Australian Muslims’ placement as returned travellers during the COVID-19 period. I conclude that, from 2006 to 2018, Islamophobia was rampant in “othering” many Australian Muslims. And in 2020 the Australian government has adopted a policy of inclusion by repatriating its citizens (both Muslims and non-Muslims), but with the COVID-19 crisis, a new dimension of discrimination has been added onto ethnic minorities – in this case Bangladeshi Australians who are mostly Muslims. They are now looked upon as the “other quarantined” or “detained Australian citizens”.
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De Percy, Michael Alexander. "Policy Legacies from Early Australian Telecommunications." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 9, no. 3 (September 11, 2021): 136–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v9n3.431.
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The purpose of this article on the policy legacies from Australia’s early telecommunications history is not to present a counterfactual to Australia’s choice of public monopoly provision of early telecommunications services, but rather to indicate the extent that politics limited the private sector’s role in deploying early telegraph and telephone infrastructure in Australia. The article begins by outlining a theoretical framework for analysing government’s role in deploying new telecommunications technologies, before investigating some of the less familiar literature on the historical impact of government intervention on the private sector in the early Australian telegraph and telephone industries. It then discusses some of the political issues relating to the subsequent liberalisation of the telecommunications industry in Australia and concludes with a discussion of the historical legacies of government intervention on the private sector in the Australian telecommunications industry.
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Downer, Alexander. "Securing Australia's interests—Australian foreign policy priorities." Australian Journal of International Affairs 59, no. 1 (March 2005): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1035771042000331995.
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Wolff, Leon. "Litigiousness in Australia: Lessons from Comparative Law." Deakin Law Review 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2013vol18no2art39.
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How litigious are Australians? Although quantitative studies have comprehensively debunked the fear of an Australian civil justice system in crisis, the literature has yet to address the qualitative public policy question of whether Australians are under- or over-using the legal system to resolve their disputes. On one view, expressed by the insurance industry, the mass media and prominent members of the judiciary, Australia is moving towards an American-style hyper-litigiousness. By contrast, Australian popular culture paints the typical Australian as culturally averse to formal rights assertion. This article explores the comparative law literature on litigiousness in two jurisdictions that have attracted significant scholarly attention — the United States and Japan. More specifically, it seeks to draw lessons from this literature for both understanding litigiousness in modern Australia and framing future research projects on the issue.
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Fernandes, Clinton. "Australia’s Policy Successes in Timor-Leste." Estudios de Asia y África 57, no. 3 (July 29, 2022): 453–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/eaa.v57i3.2783.
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An independent Timor-Leste posed a dilemma for Australian foreign policy. On the one hand, Australia led the multinational military coalition that restored peace in 1999, and had an obvious interest in ensuring that its newest neighbour was self-reliant and stable. On the other hand, independence negated three decades of Australian diplomatic effort to control the oil and gas resources of the Timor Sea. Accordingly, Australia accepted Timor-Leste’s formal independence but tried to influence key aspects of its internal and external policies using foreign aid, espionage and other instruments of statecraft.
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Matthews, Anna, Lisa R. Jackson Pulver, and Ian T. Ring. "Strengthening the link between policy formulation and implementation of Indigenous health policy directions." Australian Health Review 32, no. 4 (2008): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080613.
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This study aimed to understand the problems within the Indigenous health policy process in Australia and how weaknesses in the process impact on policy implementation. Using semistructured questions, 23 key stakeholders in the policy-making process were interviewed. Three main themes dominated; a need for increased Indigenous involvement in policy formulation at the senior Australian Government level, increased participation of Indigenous community-controlled health organisations in the policy-making process and, most importantly, ensuring that policies have the necessary resources for their implementation. The emergence of these specific themes demonstrated weaknesses in policy process from the formulation stage onward. Tackling these would, according to our informants, significantly enhance the effectiveness of the policy process and contribute to further improvement of the health of Indigenous Australians.
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Marks, Robert E. "Australian Energy Policy and Conservation." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 7, no. 1 (February 1989): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878900700103.
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The Publication in April 1988 of the document, Energy 2000: A National Energy Policy, was a landmark, since this was the first clear statement of the Australian Government's energy policy. Previously, Federal Governments had been content to tax domestic crude oil production to the level of the world oil price – so-called import parity pricing – at some benefit to the Revenue, with few other initiatives. After outlining the importance to Australia of the energy sector, this paper examines critically the elements of energy policy as stated in the document, with particular emphasis on policies for energy conservation, in some aspects of which Australia lags behind other industrialised countries. The paper concludes with some suggestions for changes to the stated policies.
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Whiley, Shannon. "The Experiences of Nikkei-Australian Soldiers During World War II." New Voices in Japanese Studies 10 (July 3, 2018): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21159/nvjs.10.01.
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This paper is a biographical case study that explores the distinct experiences of three Australian-born Japanese (hereafter, Nikkei-Australians) who volunteered for Australian military service during World War II: Mario Takasuka, Joseph Suzuki and Winston Ide. It examines the social and political context in which these soldiers lived, concluding that they faced a disconnect between the way they were viewed by the government, their local communities and themselves. Notions of identity and nationalism are also explored in the context of World War II and the White Australia Policy, and are compared with the experiences of non-European soldiers in Australia and Nikkei soldiers abroad. The paper also highlights the ambiguous position of Nikkei-Australian soldiers with respect to military enlistment. At the time, legislation allowed for Nikkei-Australians to be variously classified as loyal citizens capable of enlistment, as not sufficiently ‘Australian’ for duty, or as enemy aliens, depending upon how it was applied in each case. Because there was no uniform approach within the government for applying these laws, the experiences of Nikkei-Australians vastly differed, as illustrated by the stories of the individuals profiled in this study. These stories are important as they add to the growing body of knowledge around non-white Australians who served in World War II, and remind us of how the pro-white, anti-Japanese atmosphere within Australia at the time affected those within the community who did not fit the mould of the White Australian ideal.
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Middleton, B. S., and E. F. Cory. "Australian space policy." Space Policy 5, no. 1 (February 1989): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-9646(89)90027-1.
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MOSOLOVA, Olga V. "DEMOGRAPHICS SITUATION IN AUSTRALIA: REALITY AND FORECASTS." Southeast Asia: Actual Problems of Development, no. 3(56) (2022): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2022-3-3-56-194-203.
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Demographics situation in Australia determinates by internal and foreign migration floods, as well by natural increment of population. Australia is a multinational country, therefore the solution of demographics problem is important part of the government policy. Before the pandemic COVID-19 the growth rates of Australian population was higher than in the most developed countries. The main factor of population growth in the years before the pandemic was foreign migration. The population of Australia is the association of the people with rich variety in culture, linguistics and religious attitudes. The most of Australians is the immigrants or the posterity of the immigrants. Introduction of international frontier restrictions in times of pandemic led to the reduction of migrant’s flow, as well to the deceleration of Australian population growth rates. Like this, results of pandemic to a great extent changed demographics situation in the country. As far as to further demographics development of Australia, forecasts shows, that in a future population growth rates must restore, since together with the opening of international frontiers starts the return of provisional and constant migrates. In opinion of experts, in a future migration questions also will be important element of Australian demographics policy.
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Dean, Mark, Al Rainnie, Jim Stanford, and Dan Nahum. "Industrial policy-making after COVID-19: Manufacturing, innovation and sustainability." Economic and Labour Relations Review 32, no. 2 (May 28, 2021): 283–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10353046211014755.
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This article critically analyses the opportunities for Australia to revitalise its strategically important manufacturing sector in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. It considers Australia’s industry policy options on the basis of both advances in the theory of industrial policy and recent policy proposals in the Australian context. It draws on recent work from The Australia Institute’s Centre for Future Work examining the prospects for Australian manufacturing renewal in a post-COVID-19 economy, together with other recent work in political economy, economic geography and labour process theory critically evaluating the Fourth Industrial Revolution (i4.0) and its implications for the Australian economy. The aim of the article is to contribute to and further develop the debate about the future of government intervention in manufacturing and industry policy in Australia. Crucially, the argument links the future development of Australian manufacturing with a focus on renewable energy. JEL Codes: L50; L52; L78; O10; O13: O25; O44; P18; Q42
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Cornelius, Karen, and Aidan Cornelius-Bell. "Systemic racism, a prime minister, and the remote Australian school system." Radical Teacher 122 (April 28, 2022): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/rt.2022.935.
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Remote Australian schools face complex contextual issues due to systemic and enduring disadvantage. The structures and systems put in place to support and provide advantage for Indigenous Australians continually fail to meet their mark due to colonial structures, policies and inability to understand remote contextual demands. In South Australia, the context of this paper, systemic disadvantage disproportionately affects Indigenous people. This article explores the contemporary colonial landscape of a remote school context, provides background on the colonial institutions which shape the interactions and services provided to people in remote Australian areas, and provides two empirical examples of the contemporary, structural, and harmful influence of policy and political figures in a remote school. By examining the politics of being a school leader, the policy background for remote Australian schools, and the unique challenges of position both in policy and physical terms, we show how contemporary racism structures and conditions the lives of young people in remote contexts today.
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Hartman, Deborah. "Gender Policy in Australian Schools." Boyhood Studies 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/thy.0501.3.
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This paper describes the rise of boys’ education as a substantial social and educational issue in Australia in the 1990s, mapping the changes in Australian discourses on boys’ education in this period. Ideas and authors informed by the men’s movement entered the discourses about boys’ education, contributing to a wave of teacher experimentation and new ways of thinking about gender policies in schools. The author suggests that there is currently a policy impasse, and proposes a new multi-disciplinary approach bringing together academic, practitioner, policy, and public discourses on boys’ education.
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Morfesi, David, and Iain Sandford. "Effective Compliance with Trade Law and International Business Integrity Requirements in Australia." Global Trade and Customs Journal 8, Issue 10 (October 1, 2013): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2013046.
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This article considers the framework of Australian law, policy and institutions that raise compliance issues for enterprises undertaking business into and out of Australia. It provides a brief, practical perspective on the Australian frameworks that regulate: general import and export compliance; compliance with special regimes affecting certain goods, such as defence and strategic items; as well as Australia's strict quarantine requirements for food, biological products and other goods that risk introducing exotic pests and diseases. It also addresses Australia's increasing emphasis on 'business integrity' issues that affect how, where and with whom business is done. The article concludes by suggesting that Australian law requirements should be addressed in the context of the global compliance systems of internationally active businesses.
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Griff, Catherine, and Drew MacRae. "Flexible Vision: Emerging Audiovisual Technologies and Services, and Options to Support Australian Content." Media International Australia 111, no. 1 (May 2004): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0411100105.
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The Australian audiovisual industry is facing two significant policy challenges — rapid technological change and trade liberalisation — both of which have the potential to limit the scope of government regulatory action to support local content. The Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) brought into focus both of these challenges, with Australia's ability to regulate future audiovisual delivery services becoming a central issue of the services negotiations. This article draws upon recent research by the Australian Film Commission on regulatory options to ensure the ongoing availability of Australian content via new media. Internationally, many new media technologies are now regulated to support local content, and many governments are reviewing content regulation options on digital and interactive delivery systems. This article discusses the merits of the key policy levers available to government in order to support the continued presence of Australian content in new services and delivery technologies.
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Branson, Jan, and Don Miller. "Language and identity in the Australian deaf community." Language Planning and Language Policy in Australia 8 (January 1, 1991): 135–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aralss.8.08bra.
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This paper examines the relationship between the Deaf1, their language, Auslan2 (Australian Sign Language), and the encompassing dominant hearing society and its culture in the context of the development of effective language policies for the Deaf, not only within the context of schooling but in the years prior to formal education and beyond the school. The paper has developed out of an initial response by AUSLAB (the Australian Sign Language Advisory Board, formed by the Australian Association of the Deaf) to the Federal Government’s Green Paper, The Language of Australia: Discussion Paper on an Australian Literacy and Language Policy for the 1990s. (Commonwealth of Australia 1990), later superseded by the White Paper, Australia’s Language: The Australian Language and Literacy Policy (Commonwealth of Australia 1991a & b).
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Farneubun, Petrus K. "China’s Rise and its Implications for Australian Foreign Policy." Papua Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations 2, no. 2 (August 7, 2022): 142–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/pjdir.v2i2.2234.
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This article places a particular emphasis on the rise of China and its implications for Australian foreign policy. It qualitatively examines the perceptions of China’s rise, its intentions, and the Australian responses, based on government and international organisation reports, and secondary sources such as books, journals, and media articles. Using realism as a theoretical lens, this article argues that Australia’s foreign policy still reflects an ambiguity, as a result of, on the one hand, the economic opportunities China creates, and on the other hand, uncertainty regarding China’s intentions, whether offensive or defensive, peaceful or aggressive. Facing this condition, this article demonstrates that Australia adopts several important policy strategies. First, it maintains a hedging strategy to balance its economic interests and its security concern. Second, Australia continues to rely on the protection of the US. In the long-term, however, this reliance may be changed. For this reason, Australia needs to increase its own military capability. This article concludes that Australian foreign policy will likely remain ambivalent in its response to the rise of China.KEYWORDSAustralia; China’s Rise; Foreign Policy; Military Capability; Power Shift
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Leggat, Sandra G. "The Australian social inclusion agenda." Australian Health Review 32, no. 3 (2008): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080379.
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LAST MONTH we saw the first meeting of the Australia Social Inclusion Board. Members of the Board ? Ms Patricia Faulkner, Monsignor David Cappo, Ms Elleni Bereded-Samuel, Dr Ngaire Brown, Mr Eddie McGuire, Mr Ahmed Fahour, Professor Fiona Stanley and others ? are charged with ensuring that every Australian has the opportunity to be a full participant in the life of the nation.1 In government terms, this means all Australians have the opportunity to: secure a job; access services; connect with family, friends, work, personal interests and local community; deal with personal crisis; and have their voices heard.2 Monsignor Cappo has defined a socially inclusive society as ?one where all people feel valued, their differences are respected, and their basic needs are met so they can live in dignity?.3 This issue of the journal explores social inclusion from health care perspectives.
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Kumala Dewi, Putu Ratih. "Australia’s Travel Advice Policy and Its Impact on Australian Tourist Visits to Bali." Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) 11, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jkb.2021.v11.i01.p03.
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The plan to ratify the new Criminal Code in Indonesia is responded by Australia through issuing a travel advice policy in 2019. There has a concern that this policy will have an impact on the tourism sector in Indonesia, especially Bali, because the Australian tourists are recorded as dominating the visits. By using the concept of travel advice and foreign policy, this study aimed to analyze the travel advice policy issued by Australia from the perspective of International Relations and its impact on the tourism in Bali. This study used qualitative descriptive method and the primary data collection was done through interviews with the hoteliers in Bali and Australian tourists visiting Bali. From the perspective of International Relations, it is found that Australia’s travel advice is a foreign policy that has a purpose based on Australia’s national interests. This policy has no impact on Australian tourist visits because it is not a binding policy. The Australian tourists' have their own opinion about Bali and the decisions to visit affected by the clarity information from targeted state or destination.
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Cox, James W., Michele Akeroyd, and Danielle P. Oliver. "Integrated water resource assessment for the Adelaide region, South Australia." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 374 (October 17, 2016): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-374-69-2016.
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Abstract. South Australia is the driest state in the driest inhabited country in the world, Australia. Consequently, water is one of South Australia's highest priorities. Focus on water research and sources of water in the state became more critical during the Millenium drought that occurred between 1997 and 2011. In response to increased concern about water sources the South Australian government established The Goyder Institute for Water Research – a partnership between the South Australian State Government, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Flinders University, University of Adelaide and University of South Australia. The Goyder Institute undertakes cutting-edge science to inform the development of innovative integrated water management strategies to ensure South Australia's ongoing water security and enhance the South Australian Government's capacity to develop and deliver science-based policy solutions in water management. This paper focuses on the integrated water resource assessment of the northern Adelaide region, including the key research investments in water and climate, and how this information is being utilised by decision makers in the region.
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Putnis, Peter. "The Press Cable Monopoly 1895— 1909: A Case Study of Australian Media Policy Development." Media International Australia 90, no. 1 (February 1999): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9909000114.
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In 1909, the Australian Senate conducted a Select Committee of Inquiry on Press Cable Services to Australia in response to claims that a monopoly of such services was in operation and had been organised by a cartel of key Australian newspapers in conjunction with Reuters Telegraph Company. Its report, and the extensive transcripts of evidence that accompany it, provide a detailed insight into arrangements for the receipt and distribution of overseas news in Australia between 1895 and 1909. The Inquiry, in its majority report, declared the arrangements to be ‘a complete monopoly’ in that they ensured that there was only one source of supply in Australia of press cables from the outside world. This paper analyses the findings of the Australian Senate Inquiry and the evidence put before it in terms of the light these shed on Reuters' modus operandi in Australia. It also provides an early case study of Australian government media policy development.
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Tréguier, Lucie, and William van Caenegem. "Copyright, Art and Originality: Comparative and Policy Issues." Global Journal of Comparative Law 8, no. 2 (September 25, 2019): 95–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211906x-00802001.
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This article reviews the laws of France and of Australia in relation to artistic works copyright for useful articles. Australian law applies a different subsistence test to ‘applied art’ than to fine art, whereas French law makes no such distinction, applying the principle of ‘Unité de l’art’. The decision of the High Court of Australia in IceTV Pty Limited v Nine Network Australia Pty Limited [2009] 239 clr 458, which aligns the standard of originality more closely with that applied in European copyright law, invites reconsideration of the Australian approach in favour of a universal standard for all artistic works. A more contemporary understanding of what constitutes ‘art’ points in the same direction. In the result, there is no longer any need to apply a restrictive ‘artistic quality’ standard to works of applied art in Australia. Such an approach better aligns the tests of artistic copyright subsistence in different jurisdictions.
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BOROWSKI, ALLAN. "Creating a Virtuous Society: Immigration and Australia's Policies of Multiculturalism." Journal of Social Policy 29, no. 3 (July 2000): 459–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400006036.
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Australia's post-war programme of mass immigration has been accompanied by growing ethnic and racial diversity. This process of diversification accelerated markedly from the 1970s onwards after the abandonment of the White Australia Policy in the 1960s. Despite this diversification, Australia has been able to sustain itself as a peaceful liberal democracy. It is the contention of this article that Australia's policies of multiculturalism have played an important role in contributing to this state of relative peacefulness. This article seeks to assemble some evidence from the Australian experience to ‘test’ the notion that the peacefulness of Australian society may, in some measure, be understood as a product of the contribution of its policies of multiculturalism to engendering and reinforcing those very virtues which liberal democracies require in order to sustain themselves over time.
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Quirk, Victor. "The light on the hill and the ‘right to work’." Economic and Labour Relations Review 29, no. 4 (December 2018): 459–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035304618817413.
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In 1945 the Curtin Labor Government declared it had the capacity and responsibility to permanently eliminate the blight of unemployment from the lives of Australians in its White Paper ‘Full Employment in Australia’. This was the culmination of a century of struggle to establish the ‘right to work’, once a key objective of the 19th century labour movement. Deeply resented and long resisted by employer groups, the policy was abandoned in the mid-1970s, without an electoral mandate. Although the Australian Labor Party and union movement urged public vigilance to preserve full employment during 23 years of Liberal rule, after 1978 they quietly dropped the policy as the Australian Labor Party turned increasingly to corporate donors for the money they needed to stay electorally competitive. While few leading lights of today’s Labor movement care to discuss it, it is right that Australians celebrate this bold statement of our right to work, and the 30 years of full employment it heralded. JEL Codes: P16, P35, N37
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Tran, Ngoc Cao Boi. "SOME IMPACTS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MULTICULTURAL POLICY ON THE CURRENT PRESERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL CULTURE." Science and Technology Development Journal 13, no. 1 (March 30, 2010): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v13i1.2104.
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Different from their ancestors, most of the Australian Aborigines currently live outside their native land but in a multicultural society under the major influence of Western culture. The assimilation policy, the White Australian policy etc. partly deprived Australian aborigines of their traditional culture. The young generations tend to adopt the western style of living, leaving behind their ancestors’ culture without any heir! However, they now are aware of this loss, and in spite of the modern trend of western culture, they are striving for their traditional preservation. In “Multicultural Australia: United in Diversity” announced on 13 May 2003, Australian government stated guidelines for the 2003-2006 development strategies. The goals are to build a successful Australia of diverse cultures, ready to be tolerant to other cultures; to build a united Australia with a shared future of devoted citizens complying with the law. As for Aboriginal culture, the multicultural policy is a recognition of values and significance of the most original features of the country’s earliest culture. It also shows the government’s great concern for the people, especially for the aborigines. All this displays numerous advantages for the preservation of Australian aboriginal culture.
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Bairagi, Ranajit Kumar. "Dynamic Impacts of Economic Policy Uncertainty on Australian Stock Market: An Intercontinental Evidence." Journal of Emerging Market Finance 21, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): 64–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09726527211069610.
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This study empirically investigates the impacts of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) of five countries from four continents on the Australian stock market with monthly observations from January 1998 to January 2021. The dynamic linkage model reports that EPUs are negatively influenced by their own lagged effect along with bidirectional volatility spillover and the returns of stock markets unidirectionally spillover to the EPU of the corresponding economy. The study documents that shocks originated in the Australian stock market spillover negatively onto its own EPU and that of China and positively onto EPUs of Europe and Japan. The shocks originated in EPUs of Australia, Europe, China, and Japan significantly negatively impact the Australian stock market. The bidirectional volatilities of EPUs can offer insight for portfolio investors in searching the possible hedging opportunities in Australia. The reported drivers of Australian EPU can be incorporated in formulating and implementing the EPU-sensitive Australian trade policies. JEL: G15, G17, G18
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GOLDSMITH, BENJAMIN E., and MATTHEW LINLEY. "Engaged or Not? Perceptions of Australian Influence among Asian Publics." Japanese Journal of Political Science 13, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 525–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109912000254.
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AbstractDespite Australia's increasing economic ties with Asia, little is known about how it is perceived by the typical citizen in the region. This paper seeks to contribute to the Australian discussion on ‘Asian engagement’, as well as to a general understanding of the structure of foreign policy beliefs, by examining perceptions of Australia's influence among the mass publics of 14 Asian polities. Despite some anxiety in Australia on national op-ed pages and among political leaders over how the country is perceived, we find that the average person in Asia probably does not have a strong or meaningful opinion about Australia's foreign policy. Using survey data covering the years 2006 through 2008 from the AsiaBarometer project, we find that, on average, far more people view Australia's influence on their country favorably (40.5%) than view it unfavorably (6.1%). A similar percentage (41.5%), however, have neutral views of Australia's influence, and 12% of people in Asian nations express no opinion on the topic. We suggest these high frequencies of neutral perceptions and non-response are evidence of considerable indifference towards Australia. Furthermore, we investigate the correlates of perceptions of Australia's influence and find that in almost all cases citizens’ views about US and Chinese influence on their country are much better predictors of their views of Australia's influence than core values, identity, information, and demographic characteristics. We posit that opinions about Australia, even those that are favorable, may have less to do with perceptions of Australia specifically, and more to do with respondents’ general internationalist sentiment or perceptions of major powers.
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Lumentut, Dhea T., Yan G. Pelamonia, and Johni R.V. Korwa. "ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI JOHN HOWARD TERHADAP IMIGRAN ILEGAL DI AUSTRALIA." Jurnal Asia Pacific Studies 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/japs.v4i1.1632.
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This paper aims to analyze Australian Prime Minister John Howard’s foreign policy in responding to illegal immigrants who attempt to enter Australian territory by sea. This study employed library research as well as a qualitative approach. In particular, this study used the theory of foreign policy offered by Walter Calsnaes called ‘a logically tripartite approach’ to analyze Howard’s policy in responding to illegal immigrants. This paper found that Howard’s foreign policy in responding to illegal immigrants was not only state-centric in nature focusing on protecting Australian sovereignty, but the policy also had a purpose to maintain power control. Firstly, Howard was willing to show the world that his leadership was different compared to his predecessors, asserting that Australia should not be regarded as a country of easy destination. Secondly, Howard showed that limiting the number of illegal immigrants was in the best interest of the country to protect Australians. Thirdly, Howard proved that his foreign policy towards illegal immigrants could influence the politics of Australia including federal elections. Lastly, Howard demonstrated his ability in the context of institutional settings by issuing new laws to strengthen his foreign policy.
Keywords: Australia, John Howard, Illegal Immigrants, Policy
Abstrak
Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan luar negeri Perdana Menteri John Howard dalam merespon para imigran ilegal yang datang ke Australia secara khusus melalui jalur laut. Studi ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka dan pendekatan kualitatif. Secara khusus, penulis menggunakan teori kebijakan luar negeri yang ditawarkan oleh Walter Carlsnaes yang disebut „a logically tripartite approach‟ untuk menganalisis kebijakan Howard dalam merespon imigran ilegal. Studi ini menemukan bahwa kebijakan luar negeri Howard dalam merespon imigran ilegal tidak hanya bersifat state-centric yang berfokus pada perlindungan kedaulatan negara, tetapi kebijakan itu juga memiliki motivasi untuk mempertahankan kekuasaan. Pertama, Howard ingin menunjukkan pada dunia bahwa ia adalah pemimpin yang berbeda dari pendahulunya dengan menegaskan bahwa Australia seharusnya tidak dipertimbangkan sebagai negara yang dapat dicapai dengan mudah. Kedua, Howard ingin menunjukkan bahwa pembatasan jumlah imigran ilegal adalah capaian kepentingan nasional untuk melindungi komunitas Australia. Ketiga, Howard menunjukkan bahwa kebijakannya terkait imigran ilegal dapat memengaruhi nuansa perpolitikan di Australia khususnya pada pemilihan umum federal. Keempat, Howard menunjukkan kemampuannya dalam konteks pengelolaan kelembagaan dengan mengeluarkan Undang-Undang baru hasil amandemen untuk memperkuat kebijakan luar negerinya.
Kata kunci: Australia, John Howard, Imigran Ilegal, Kebijakan
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CORDEN, W. M. "Australian Macroeconomic Policy Experience." Economic Record 65, no. 2 (June 1989): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1989.tb00924.x.
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Day, Diana Gwendoline. "Australian natural resources policy." Resources Policy 13, no. 3 (September 1987): 228–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4207(87)90005-5.
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Lehmann, Caitlyn. "Editorial." Children Australia 42, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2017.44.
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Among the plethora of minor parties fielding candidates in Australia's 2016 federal election was a relative newcomer called Sustainable Australia. Formed in 2010 and campaigning with the slogan ‘Better, not bigger’, the party's policy centrepiece calls for Australia to slow its population growth through a combination of lower immigration, changes to family payments, and the withdrawal of government agencies from proactive population growth strategies (Sustainable Australia, n.d.). At a global level, the party also calls for Australia to increase foreign aid with a focus on supporting women's health, reproductive rights and education. Like most minor parties, its candidates polled poorly, attracting too few votes to secure seats in the Senate. But in the ensuing months, the South Australian branch of The Greens broke from the national party platform by proposing the aim of stabilising South Australia's population within a generation (The Greens SA, 2017). Just this August, Australian business entrepreneur Dick Smith launched a ‘Fair Go’ manifesto, similarly calling for reductions in Australia's population growth to address rising economic inequality and a “decline in living standards” (Dick Smith Fair Go Group, 2017).
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White, Michael A. "Community Colleges in Western Australia — Historical Accidents and Policy Dilemmas." Australian Journal of Education 30, no. 1 (April 1986): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494418603000106.
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This paper traces the establishment of Western Australia's three community colleges. Features of this development are significant government initiatives, historical accidents, and policy issues concerning the coordination, control, and future directions of new post-secondary institutions. All this is examined against a background of debates about the control and management of the state's system of technical and further education. The policy issues that are raised are similar to issues discussed in most Australian states, and invite speculation about the future shape of technical and further education in Western Australia that is highly relevant to what is happening in other parts of the nation.
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Dixit, Sunil K., and Murali Sambasivan. "A review of the Australian healthcare system: A policy perspective." SAGE Open Medicine 6 (January 1, 2018): 205031211876921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312118769211.
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This article seeks to review the Australian healthcare system and compare it to similar systems in other countries to highlight the main issues and problems. A literature search for articles relating to the Australian and other developed countries’ healthcare systems was conducted by using Google and the library of Victoria University, Melbourne. Data from the websites of the Commonwealth of Australia, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, the Australian Productivity Commission, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the World Bank have also been used. Although care within the Australian healthcare system is among the best in the world, there is a need to change the paradigm currently being used to measure the outcomes and allocate resources. The Australian healthcare system is potentially dealing with two main problems: (a) resource allocation, and (b) performance and patient outcomes improvements. An interdisciplinary research approach in the areas of performance measurement, quality and patient outcomes improvement could be adopted to discover new insights, by using the policy implementation error/efficiency and bureaucratic capacity. Hospital managers, executives and healthcare management practitioners could use an interdisciplinary approach to design new performance measurement models, in which financial performance, quality, healthcare and patient outcomes are blended in, for resource allocation and performance improvement. This article recommends that public policy implementation error and the bureaucratic capacity models be applied to healthcare to optimise the outcomes for the healthcare system in Australia. In addition, it highlights the need for evaluation of the current reimbursement method, freedom of choice to patients and a regular scrutiny of the appropriateness of care.
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Do, Hanh Thi. "Evolution of Australian policy to Vietnam." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2013): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i1.1402.
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The relationship between Vietnam and Australia more and more obviously reveals the beneficiality stemming from the demands and capabilities of the two countries. Both positioned in the valley of the Pacific Ocean, the potential and growth of their relationship remains strong in a world of increasingly global and regional reunion and linkage. Optimizing the beneficiality and most effectively exploiting the potential of both countries in their relationship depend on many factors among which total scientific acknowledgement and appreciation of historical process of the relationship are extremely necessary. When does it originate the Australian policy to Vietnam? Which historical epics has it undergone? What is its evolutionary process? And the like? The answers to these questions are the main contents of this paper. The Vietnamese policy to Australia must be set up on the foundation of proper appreciation of this country’s policy to Vietnam and of total perception on the position of Vietnam toward it, on Vietnam’s benefits and exploiting methods in the relationship with this biggest country in Southern Pacific Ocean, etc.
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Oliver, Rhonda, Honglin Chen, and Stephen Moore. "Review of selected research in applied linguistics published in Australia (2008–2014)." Language Teaching 49, no. 4 (September 23, 2016): 513–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444816000148.
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This article reviews the significant and diverse range of research in applied linguistics published in Australia in the period 2008–2014. Whilst acknowledging that a great deal of research by Australian scholars has been published internationally during these seven years, this review is based on books, journal articles, and conference proceedings published in Australia. Many of these sources will be unfamiliar to an international audience, and the purpose of this article is to highlight this body of research and the themes emerging from it. The journals selected in this review includeAustralian Journal of Language and Literacy, Australian Review of Applied Linguistics (ARAL), BABEL, English in Australia, English Australia, Papers in Language Testing and Assessment, Prospect: An Australian Journal of TESOL, TESOL in Context, andUniversity of Sydney Papers in TESOL. Selected refereed proceedings are from key national conferences including: ALAA (Applied Linguistics Association of Australia), ACTA (Australian Council of TESOL Association), ASFLA (Australian Systemic Functional Linguistics Association), and ALS (Australian Linguistics Society). Our review of selected applied linguistics work revolves around the following themes: the responses to the needs of government planning and policy; the complexity of Australia's multicultural, multilingual society; the concern for recognizing context and culture as key factors in language and language learning; social activism in supporting language pedagogy and literacy programmes at all levels of education; and acknowledgement of the unique place held by Indigenous languages and Aboriginal English in the national linguistic landscape.
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Boyce, Philip, and Nicola Crossland. "The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists." International Psychiatry 2, no. 10 (October 2005): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600007529.
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The vision of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) is of ‘a fellowship of psychiatrists working with and for the general community to achieve the best attainable quality of psychiatric care and mental health’. It is the principal organisation representing the specialty of psychiatry in Australia and New Zealand; it currently has around 2600 Fellows, who account for approximately 85% of psychiatrists in Australia and 50% of psychiatrists in New Zealand. The RANZCP sets the curriculum, accredits training and training programmes, and assesses trainee psychiatrists. In addition, it administers a continuing professional development programme for practising psychiatrists, has a role in policy development, publishes two scientific journals – the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry and Australasian Psychiatry – and holds an annual scientific congress.