Journal articles on the topic 'Australian Overseas Aid Program'

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1

Lim, David. "Jackson and the Overseas Students." Australian Journal of Education 33, no. 1 (April 1989): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494418903300101.

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The underlying framework adopted by the Committee to Review the Australian Overseas Aid Program demands that Australian aid helps to promote the economic development of the recipient less developed countries. If it does not, then the humanitarian, political and economic arguments for giving aid lose much of their cogency. This approach is evident in the treatment of overseas students. The Report recommends a vastly expanded scholarship program because it recognises the central role played by education in economic development. It recommends a different geographical and academic composition for the scholarship scheme because it supports the developmental thrust of Australia's aid program. It recommends also the development of education as an export industry because it believes Australia is competitive in this lucrative trade. It sees no conflict in having Australian educational expertise being used for aid and trade purposes, and does not recommend that trade is more important than aid. It should thus be clear that the current government policy on overseas students is not based solely on the reports of either this Committee or the Committee of Review of Private Overseas Student Policy. It is a compromise between the two and, as with most compromises, suffers from a number of inconsistencies.
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2

Gounder, Rukmani. "Non-nested models of Australia's overseas aid program." Applied Economics 27, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 609–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036849500000050.

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3

Wang, Chen, Xiang-Yu Hou, Nigar G. Khawaja, Michael P. Dunne, and Jane Shakespeare-Finch. "Improvement in the Cognitive Aspects of Cultural Competence after Short-Term Overseas Study Programs." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 7102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137102.

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Universities are providing short-term overseas study programs for healthcare students to increase their cultural competence (i.e., capacity to work effectively in cross-cultural situations). However, there is limited empirical research evaluating the effects of these programs using well-controlled research designs. In the present research study, undergraduate healthcare students in an Australian university were selected as participants. Group 1 (n = 32) participated in a short-term overseas study program in Asia (i.e., China, Vietnam, Singapore, and Taiwan), whereas Group 2 (n = 46) stayed in Australia to continue their university education as usual. All participants completed a self-developed demographic questionnaire, Cultural Intelligence Scale, and Multicultural Personality Questionnaire. Cultural competence was surveyed pre- and post-short-term overseas programs. After controlling for prior overseas experiences and the open-mindedness trait, an ANCOVA indicated that Group 1 had a significantly higher scores than Group 2 in cultural knowledge (p < 0.05), but not in cultural awareness, attitude, or skills. It is suggested that short-term overseas study programs may increase healthcare students’ cultural knowledge, a component of competence, and that more needs to be accomplished to improve other areas of cultural competence.
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4

Kennedy, Anne. "Overseas-Trained Early Childhood Professionals: A Neglected Resource." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 21, no. 3 (September 1996): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693919602100305.

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Accompanying an increasing emphasis on accepting skilled migrants into Australia is an increasing demand for recognition of overseas-gained qualifications and experience. Scant consideration has been given by the Australian early childhood profession into the possibilities and appropriateness of recognising and supporting skilled and experienced migrant early childhood professionals. This article explores one type of program which attempted such recognition and makes several key recommendations to the field on this issue.
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5

Quinn, Nick. "Industry arrangements for oil spill preparedness." APPEA Journal 52, no. 2 (2012): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj11095.

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In the post-Montara/Macondo world, the Australian petroleum industry has been actively represented on various working groups focused on the prevention, preparedness and response to significant oil spill incidents. Through the Australian Marine Oil Spill Centre (AMOSC) based in Geelong, Victoria, cooperation and coordination with other international associations has been occurring to ensure ‘reasonable steps’ are taken to develop preparedness and response arrangements commensurate with the risks associated with industry activities.Concurrently and here in Australia, a thorough review of the National Plan has allowed industry to work with government to develop or amend a range of initiatives aimed at ensuring that industry and government strategies are integrated for maximum efficiency in all circumstances. The scene has been set by a reviewed national risk assessment focusing on all activities of hydrocarbon movement around the Australian coastline. So what has Australian industry actually achieved post-Montara in prevention, preparedness and response to oil spills? This extended abstract shares and explains the practical outcomes of the industry initiatives of oil spills in Australia. The outcomes are planning requirements, equipment location, mutual aid arrangements, training programs and the extended services of industry oil spill response organisations in Australia and overseas.
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6

Eldridge, Philip. "The Jackson report on Australia's overseas aid program: Political options and prospects." Australian Outlook 39, no. 1 (April 1985): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357718508444868.

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7

Davis, Richard I., Lynne M. Jones, Bradley Pease, Sandy L. Perkins, Harshitsinh R. Vala, Pere Kokoa, Marilyn Apa, and Christopher J. Dale. "Plant Virus and Virus-like Disease Threats to Australia’s North Targeted by the Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy." Plants 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 2175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10102175.

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The Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy (NAQS) is a biosecurity initiative operated by the Australian federal government’s Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment (DAWE). It is unique worldwide because it deals specifically with the potential arrival via unregulated pathways of exotic threats from overseas in a vast and sparsely populated region. It aims to protect the nation’s animal- and plant-based production industries, as well as the environment, from incursions of organisms from countries that lie immediately to the north. These are diseases, pests, and weeds present in these countries that are currently either absent from, or under active containment in, Australia and may arrive by natural or human-assisted means. This review article focuses on the plant viruses and virus-like diseases that are most highly targeted by the NAQS program. It presents eight pathogen species/group entries in the NAQS A list of target pathogens, providing an overview of the historical and current situation, and collates some new data obtained from surveillance activities conducted in northern Australia and collaborative work overseas.
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8

Banens, R. J., and J. R. Davis. "Comprehensive approaches to eutrophication management: the Australian example." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 3 (February 1, 1998): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0211.

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Eutrophication is one of the major environmental issues facing Australia. Responses to this issue include short-term management strategies principally focusing on operational activities, and long-term strategies focusing on nutrient reduction, flow management, education, monitoring and research. Because nutrients were found to be largely derived from rural areas, community education and involvement of land holders formed a central element of the longer-term strategies. The voluntary and co-operative approach adopted was considered to be more effective than a regulatory or coercive approach in improving diffuse phosphorus source management. Research was particularly necessary because of a relatively poor Australian knowledge base, and the need to rely on overseas understandings and management experiences. Australia has a number of environmental characteristics - episodic rainfall and runoff, higher year-round temperatures, old shallow soils and higher river turbidity - to suggest that research into the causes and management of eutrophication under Australian conditions is necessary. Historical reports suggest that some of these factors may make Australian waters naturally susceptible to eutrophication. The National Eutrophication Management Program was established to fund, co-ordinate and communicate research activities. Preliminary research findings suggest that the accepted northern hemisphere eutrophication paradigm does not always fit.
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9

Burke, David. "James Waldo Lance 1926–2019." Historical Records of Australian Science 32, no. 2 (2021): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr21001.

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James W. Lance was a clinical neurologist who created the first university-based department of neurology in Australia. He championed academic enquiry and the scientific basis of clinical practice, and his research had two major themes, motor control and headache. After his doctoral studies on the pyramidal tract of the cat, he became a pioneer of the new field of motor control studied in human subjects, making seminal contributions on the control of muscle tone, reflexes and movement in healthy subjects and the pathophysiology of movement disorders in patients. At the same time he developed a clinical research program into the mechanisms and management of headache, in particular migraine. These studies evolved into parallel experiments in human subjects, cats and monkeys, probing the control of the cerebral circulation and the mechanisms underlying craniofacial pain, for which he received international acclaim in both fields. He received international and Australian honours and was the first practising clinician to be elected a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science. He is rightfully credited with leading the development of academic neurology in Australia and overseas.
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10

Bright, Stephen J., and Cylie M. Williams. "Evaluation of Australia’s first older adult-specific early intervention for reducing alcohol-related harm." Australian Health Review 42, no. 6 (2018): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah17013.

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The aim of the present case study was to evaluate the service-wide implementation of Australia’s first older adult-specific early intervention called Older Wiser Lifestyles (OWL). OWL was designed to reduce alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm among people identified as being at risk. OWL used the Australian Alcohol-Related Problems Survey (A-ARPS) to classify people’s drinking patterns as non-hazardous, hazardous or harmful. Participants of the present study were aged ≥60 years and consumed alcohol in the past month, although they did not require treatment for dependence. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – Consumption (AUDIT-C) was used as a composite measure of alcohol consumption. Data were collected before intervention and 3 and 6 months after intervention. In all, 140 clients were screened and attended at least one appointment (54% male; mean (± s.d.) age 72.8±7.6 years). Generalised estimating equation (GEE) examined the correlations between the intervention groups, time point and outcomes of interest. At 6 months, significant reductions were observed in A-ARPS classification (P=0.001) and AUDIT-C scores (P=0.001) among all clients, regardless of the number of sessions or intervention group. These preliminary findings warrant a randomised clinical trial of the intervention. Until this is completed, Australian health care providers should still consider the early intervention to reduce the risk of alcohol consumption among older adults. What is known about this topic? Older Australians are increasingly drinking alcohol at levels that place them at risk of experiencing harm. Although early interventions have been developed overseas that have been shown to reduce risky drinking among older adults, no such program has been implemented in Australia. What does this paper add? We developed an early intervention program (OWL) that drew from and extended intervention protocols developed overseas. In particular, we added harm reduction as a component of the intervention. Harm reduction interventions do not appear to have been evaluated among older adults. The OWL program was evaluated and found to be associated with decreased levels of alcohol-related harm. What are the implications for practitioners? Older adults have different needs when it comes to considering risk of alcohol-related harm. Many are taking medications that interact with alcohol or have comorbid conditions that can be exacerbated by alcohol or more difficult to treat. Yet, many such individuals are not considered to be at risk due to poor screening among this population. The program we developed takes into account these age-specific factors and has been manualised. As such, it could be implemented by a variety of healthcare workers in numerous settings. We hope that practitioners are interested in trialling the program and that a randomised controlled trial is conducted to establish the efficacy of the program.
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11

Hiruy, Kiros, Ray Murphy, Tom Lewis, William T. White, and Steven W. Purcell. "Measuring scientific impact of fisheries and aquaculture research-for-development projects in South East Asia and the Pacific." Research Evaluation 28, no. 4 (August 5, 2019): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvz019.

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Abstract Research-for-development (R4D), as a mode of foreign aid, is a practical way to support developing countries. However, few studies have assessed the scientific impacts of R4D projects. Here, we applied an integrated assessment approach to evaluate the scientific impact of research projects commissioned by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research’s Fisheries Program in the Asia-Pacific region between 2000 and 2012. We use publication metrics and expert panel reviews to examine trends in scientific outputs among 73 fisheries and aquaculture research projects. ‘Among projects, there was considerable variation in publication types and outputs (including academic papers, magazine articles, policy reports, books, and book chapters), and projects produced, on average, 10 publications at a funded-dollar cost of AU$41,000 per publication. Bilateral and multilateral projects tended to produce more refereed journal articles and citations per funded dollar than single-country projects, and publication outputs were poor for certain countries. With the exception of fisheries projects, larger (more highly funded) projects did not produce more journal articles per funded dollar than smaller projects. Project duration had no significant effect on the number of refereed publications, citation rates, or total citations per funded dollar across projects. Aquaculture projects had greater publication impact, per funded dollar than fisheries projects. Beyond the bibliometric measures, qualitative findings indicated that scientific impact was strongly influenced by motivations of project leaders and their institutions. We identified disparate impact performance among industries and countries. These findings could inform future overseas aid investments, policies and strategies. This study offers useful benchmarks for gauging scientific impacts of R4D programs and shows the value of using approaches that go beyond bibliometric measures.
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12

Checkley, Gill E., Sandra C. Thompson, Nick Crofts, Anne M. Mijch, and Fiona K. Judd. "HIV in the Mentally Ill." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, no. 2 (April 1996): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609076094.

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Objective: To review the published literature in relation to prevalence of HIV infection and risk behaviours for HIV among the mentally ill to assist in the development of appropriate strategies for public health policy, surveillance and clinical management of HIV and HIV risk in these groups. Method: A search of published literature was carried out using ‘Medline’, in association with following up appropriate papers cited in the References of journals identified. Results: The North American literature shows an increased risk of HIV infection in psychiatric patients receiving treatment in both inpatient or community settings. HIV infection is associated with a number of risk behaviours, particularly male homosexual sex and injecting drug use, and being the sexual partner of a person with a history of these. Impulsivity, high levels of sexual activity during acute exacerbations of psychiatric illness, poor skills at negotiating safe sex, homelessness and drug abuse are all risk behaviours common among those affected by some mental illnesses. The mentally ill also have a comparatively poorer knowledge of HIV/AIDS. There is a dearth of published Australian data addressing the question of HIV seroprevalence or risk in the mentally ill. Although there has been development and implementation of HIV risk-reduction programs overseas, the development and evaluation of any programs in Australia has not been published. Conclusions: Arguably, Australia has developed a comprehensive program of national surveillance for HIV infection and has been relatively successful in its response to the HIV epidemic, with the high rates of infection in the early to mid-1980s substantially reduced to around 600 new diagnoses per year. However, while risk behaviours which exposed those infected with the virus are recorded, underlying conditions which predispose them to these behaviours are not. Nevertheless, there is HIV infection amongst mentally ill and intellectually disabled people in Australia. Examination of the North American experience reveals opportunities to prevent a high rate of HIV infection in those with mental illness in Australia. Such a program would require adequate risk behaviour assessment, appropriate diagnostic testing and management, and development of specific educational interventions which are properly evaluated to ensure their effectiveness.
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13

Mondy, Linda, and Stephen Mondy. "Situating NEWPIN in the context of parent education and support models." Children Australia 29, no. 1 (2004): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200005861.

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The nature and extent of parent education and support programs targeting parents with children under five is reviewed. Several evaluated Australian and overseas programs are described, and their role and effectiveness in the prevention of child abuse and neglect are examined. The principles and values that underpin such programs are discussed, and their common components outlined. The New Parent Infant Network (NEWPIN) is then situated in the broader framework of effective parent education and support programs operating in Australia.
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14

Frendin, Sue. "Guest Editorial: Self-management - A new era dawns..." Australian Journal of Primary Health 9, no. 3 (2003): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py03031.

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Chronic conditions are one of the greatest health challenges facing Australia in the 21st Century. It is estimated that currently around 2.5 million Australians have a chronic condition and by 2016 this will rise to 3.5 million. Evidence in Australia and overseas suggests that self-management programs can assist those with chronic conditions to improve their quality of life, by equipping them with knowledge, skills, and confidence to better manage disease-related problems.
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15

Gledhill, Marion. "Family resource programs: Strengthening families and communities." Children Australia 21, no. 4 (1996): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200007240.

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This paper argues the need for comprehensive provision of family resource programs. All Australia's families should be able to access the support, information, skills and resources that are necessary for optimal child development and for prevention of child abuse and neglect. The paper argues that there is a significant gap in the general availability of primary prevention family services in Australia. Family resource programs are discussed in terms of their goals, guiding principles, and service models. Examples of these programs both overseas and in NSW are described.
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16

Casey, B. H., and S. W. Creigh. "Part-time Job Creation: An Option for Australia?" Journal of Industrial Relations 28, no. 4 (December 1986): 534–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218568602800404.

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Australia's two major public sector job creation schemes in the 1980s—the Wage Pause Program and the Community Employment Program—have been primarily intended to provide full-time employment. This emphasis parallels that found in most other OECD countries. However, recently Great Britain, Sweden and France have pioneered large-scale part-time job creation schemes. In this paper several possible benefits from an increased emphasis on part-time job creation in Australia are reviewed, especially with reference to the information obtained during the evaluation of the Wage Pause Program. These benefits include increasing the number of job slots provided for a given net cost, improving training provisions, and assisting community sponsors with limited administrative resources. The implications of part-time arrangements, such as those developed overseas, for job creation in Australia are explored.
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17

Holloway, Joanne C., Michael J. Furlong, and Philip I. Bowden. "Management of beneficial invertebrates and their potential role in integrated pest management for Australian grain systems." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 12 (2008): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07424.

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Beneficial invertebrates (predators and parasitoids) can make significant contributions to the suppression of insect pest populations in many cropping systems. In Australia, natural enemies are incorporated into integrated pest management programs in cotton and horticultural agroecosystems. They are also often key components of effective programs for the management of insect pests of grain crops in other parts of the world. However, few studies have examined the contribution of endemic natural enemies to insect pest suppression in the diverse grain agroecosystems of Australia. The potential of these organisms is assessed by reviewing the role that natural enemies play in the suppression of the major pests of Australian grain crops when they occur in overseas grain systems or other local agroecosystems. The principal methods by which the efficacy of biological control agents may be enhanced are examined and possible methods to determine the impact of natural enemies on key insect pest species are described. The financial and environmental benefits of practices that encourage the establishment and improve the efficacy of natural enemies are considered and the constraints to adoption of these practices by the Australian grains industry are discussed.
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18

Matheson, Alan. "Human Rights and the Rights of Migrant Workers: The Role of Trade Unions in Australia." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 2, no. 2 (June 1993): 223–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689300200207.

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This article presents an overview of the comprehensive policies and programs for migrant workers of the Australian Council of Trade Unions. To be effective in ensuring the industrial rights of overseas born workers, a combination of different strategies needs to be employed. Legislative, regulatory and administrative frameworks need to be established and agreed to by all parties. Information and education are integral to any strategy and should be multifaceted, multilingual and include the utilization of a variety of resources. In Australia, some of the most effective campaigns, particularly in the areas of occupational health and safety and discrimination, have occurred where there has been cooperation between unions, employers, governments and community agencies. Training is an essential element of services for overseas born workers. Governments and trade unions will not only need to come to terms with the changing nature of the regional and international movement of workers but will need to develop mechanisms for meeting their social and economic needs and monitoring the effective delivery of services and programs.
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19

Ainsworth, Frank. "Looking for and replicating model programs for ‘at risk’ children and families." Children Australia 29, no. 1 (2004): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200005885.

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At the present time there is a need for a new generation of programs to address the needs of ‘at risk’ children and families. This is an issue that is exercising the minds of service planners in both government and non-government community service organisations. This need arises from the fact that many existing programs have yet to be rigorously evaluated and are of questionable effectiveness. This lack of evidence of effectiveness does not sit well in the current climate of accountability. It also runs contrary to the increasingly strident calls for evidence based practice.Many new programs arrive in Australia from the US as this country is often the source of program innovation as illustrated by the importation in the 1980s and 1990s of family preservation and family reunification programs. In the US, promotion of ‘model programs' has taken another step and a systematic effort at program replication is now in evidence. The question is, how might model programs from overseas be successfully replicated in Australia? And what is required, if anything, to replicate these models effectively taking account of our different cultural traditions?
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Kilby, Patrick. "The Australian aid program: dealing with poverty?" Australian Journal of International Affairs 61, no. 1 (March 2007): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357710601142534.

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21

Van Der Veen, Roger. "Rehabilitation Counselling with Clients from Non-English Speaking Countries." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 5, no. 2 (1999): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323892200001095.

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People born in non-English Speaking Countries (NESCs) and resident in Australia make up 14.2% of the Australian population and a sizeable proportion of the current immigration program — the humanitarian and non-humanitarian components. This article presents some background about the numbers of overseas born people resident in Australia especially those from NESCs, a brief history of the Australian immigration program, and the present policy of multiculturalism in the context of settlement. Some of these overseas born people have already, or are likely to, participate in rehabilitation counselling, and it is argued that rehabilitation counselling processes will be enhanced with a knowledge of such clients' culture as well as the practical application of general cross-cultural casework skills.
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22

Zulferdi, Lazuar Azmi, and Nudia Imarotul Husna. "Exploring Intercultural Capability on Indonesian Teachers of English: A Narrative Study." JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies) 9, no. 2 (December 5, 2022): 411–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v9i2.544.

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This paper presents a study on the development of Indonesian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ intercultural capability in an overseas study program and its impacts on classroom English Language teaching practices. By using narrative inquiry as a research methodology, this study draws on the stories of two Indonesian EFL teachers’ experiences of intercultural learning during the master's degree program overseas. Data were gathered through semi-structured individual interviews with Indonesian EFL teachers who have completed Master of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) studies in Australia. Findings show that communication and cultural disequilibrium in an overseas study program plays a crucial role in the development of EFL teachers’ intercultural capability to enable them to develop their attributes from ethnocentrism to ethnorelativism. The findings also reveal that although the teachers become interculturally capable, the overseas study program does not necessarily contribute to their oral English skill development. As a further result, this study reveals that the development of the teachers’ intercultural capability affects their subsequent classroom English teaching practices in a way that they begin to employ dialogical communication and interaction by reflecting on their past experiences.
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23

Jauncey, DL. "VLBI in Australia ? A Review." Australian Journal of Physics 44, no. 6 (1991): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph910785.

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After two decades of Australian VLBI (very long baseline interferometry), high-resolution radio astronomy continues to be an active and fruitful research field. The status of Australian VLBI programs in astrophysics, astrometry and geodesy is reviewed and likely future developments are outlined. In addition to research programs with the Australian VLBI network, a number of successful collaborative projects are underway with overseas VLBI observatories. The inception of the Asia-Pacific Telescope will provide an important formal basis for fostering and extending international VLBI experiments in the Australian hemisphere. The APT will also serve a vital function in coordinating ground-based observations when the Soviet and Japanese VLBI space missions, Radioastron and VSOP, are launched in the middle of this decade. However, continued viable Australian participation in VLBI into the nineties will require new wide-bandwidth recording systems and an Australian VLBI correlator.
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24

Rebetzke, G. J., and R. A. Richards. "Genetic improvement of early vigour in wheat." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 3 (1999): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a98125.

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Grain yield potential of Australian wheat crops is often limited because of inadequate water for crop growth and grain filling. Greater early vigour, defined here as the amount of leaf area produced early in the season, should improve the water-use efficiency and yield of wheat crops grown in Mediterranean-type climates such as occurs in southern Australia. In order to maximise selection efficiency for early vigour in breeding programs, the magnitude and form of genetic variation for early vigour and its components was investigated for 2 contrasting wheat populations. The first population comprised 28 Australian and overseas wheat varieties evaluated in a serial sowing study in Canberra. The second population contained 50 random F 2:4 and F 2:6 families derived from a convergent cross of elite CIMMYT wheat lines evaluated in Canberra, and in the field at Condobolin, New South Wales. For the first population, environmental effects on leaf breadth and length, and to a lesser extent, phyllochron interval, produced significant (P < 0.05) changes in leaf area. Large and significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed among Australian and overseas wheats for early vigour and its components. Australian varieties were among the least vigorous of the lines tested, with a number of overseas varieties producing about 75% greater leaf area than representative Australian wheats. Increased leaf area was genetically correlated with increases in leaf breadth and length, and a longer phyllochron interval. Significant (P < 0.05) genotype ´ environment interaction reduced broad-sense heritability (%) for early vigour (H ± s.e., 87 ± 26) compared with leaf breadth (96 ± 25) and length (97 ± 27). Narrow-sense heritability (%) in the second population was small for leaf area (h2 ± s.e., 30 ± 6) and plant biomass (35 ± 7), but high for leaf breadth (76 ± 14) and length (67 ± 16). Genetic correlations were strong and positive for leaf area with plant biomass, leaf breadth and length, specific leaf area and coleoptile tiller frequency, whereas faster leaf and primary tiller production were negatively correlated with leaf area. The high heritability for leaf breadth coupled with its strong genetic correlation with leaf area (rg = 0.56-0.57) indicated that selection for leaf breadth should produce genetic gain in leaf area similar to selection for leaf area per se. However, the ease with which leaf breadth can be measured indicates that selection for this character either by itself, or in combination with coleoptile tiller production, should provide a rapid and non-destructive screening for early vigour in segregating wheat populations. The availability of genetic variation for early vigour and correlated traits should enable direct or indirect selection for greater leaf area in segregating wheat populations.
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Wood, Terence, Camilla Burkot, and Stephen Howes. "Gauging Change in Australian Aid: Stakeholder Perceptions of the Government Aid Program." Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies 4, no. 2 (March 14, 2017): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app5.173.

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26

Wimshurst, Kerry, and Troy Allard. "Criminal Justice Education, Employment Destinations, and Graduate Satisfaction." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 40, no. 2 (August 2007): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.40.2.218.

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The article addresses the lack of sound empirical research both overseas and especially in Australia on the outcomes of criminal justice education. The very limited research on graduate outcomes is potentially problematic at a time when governments are increasingly calling for program accountability and evaluation in higher education. The article reports on an empirical study of one criminology/criminal justice program that investigated the employment destinations of graduates. Principal components analysis and regression analyses were used to explore graduate satisfaction with their degree. There was evidence that educational outcomes were important considerations when alumni evaluated their degree. However, findings indicated that satisfaction varied considerably between occupational groups and was influenced by employment experiences and perceived ‘success’ in the workforce. The article addresses various themes emerging from the findings and identifies the need for further research across other programs on the outcomes of criminal justice education and graduate destinations.
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Hsu, Jane Lu, and Mei-Hui Lu. "Educational implications in generic skills improvement from participation in overseas working programs." International Journal of Comparative Education and Development 18, no. 4 (November 14, 2016): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijced-06-2016-0012.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reveal generic skills improvement from participation in overseas working programs using Taiwanese young adults taking an Australian working holiday program as an example. Design/methodology/approach In this study, respondents needed to be those who had participated in an Australian working holiday program and had stayed in Australia for at least six months so that their experiences would be extensive enough to enable answering questions in the questionnaire. There were a total of 122 respondents. After eliminating incomplete observations, there were a total of 95 valid observations. Findings The average number of jobs held per person was 2.77, and farm and factory jobs seemed to be popular. Thinking skills and learning skills were significantly improved, especially for highly motivated respondents. An unfamiliar working environment in foreign countries reinforces personal characteristics. Students who participate in overseas working programs need to interact with local people to improve communication skills, especially for those who are less motivated. Although the natural environment is the main attraction for students who participate in overseas working programs, improvement in generic skills is actually the core factor for students to benefit from the experiences. Originality/value The results of this study would be useful for working holiday participants to understand what they can expect to experience in improving generic skills and further to form a baseline for future studies as well as guidelines for promoting Australian working holiday programs.
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Schech, Susanne, and Jane Haggis. "Postcolonialism, Identity, and Location: Being White Australian in Asia." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 16, no. 5 (October 1998): 615–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d160615.

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In this paper we explore the nature and degree to which Australian imaginings of self in Asia have altered since the 1960s. We do this in two ways. First, an analysis of Christopher Koch's two novels, The Year of Living Dangerously and Highways to a War, is used to establish the parameters of change in Australian imaginings of themselves in Asia. This analysis of literary texts, we argue, can be used to develop an analytical framework for considering Australian aid policies to Asia as cultural texts, and the extent to which such policies can be seen to be part of a redefinition of Australian settler society towards a postcolonial understanding of the ‘white self’. In the second part of the paper we offer a preliminary analysis of how Australian overseas-aid policies have begun to acknowledge the fact of Australia's geopolitical location. We argue that these cultural texts reveal a repositioning of Australian identity which remains caught within a terrain of whiteness.
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Merner, Bronwen, Chee Ng, Brigid Ryan, and Margaret Goding. "Outcomes of the Postgraduate Overseas Specialists Training (POST) Program based in Melbourne, Australia." Asia-Pacific Psychiatry 3, no. 1 (March 2011): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-5872.2011.00103.x.

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30

Dale, Katie Dorothy, James McCracken Trauer, Pete J. Dodd, Rein M. G. J. Houben, and Justin Timothy Denholm. "Estimating the prevalence of latent tuberculosis in a low-incidence setting: Australia." European Respiratory Journal 52, no. 6 (December 2018): 1801218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01218-2018.

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Migration is a key driver of tuberculosis (TB) in many low-incidence settings, with the majority of TB cases attributed to reactivation of latent TB (LTBI) acquired overseas. A greater understanding of LTBI risk in heterogeneous migrant populations would aid health planning. We aimed to estimate the LTBI prevalence and distribution among locally born and overseas-born Australians.Annual risks of TB infection estimates were applied to population cohorts (by country of birth, year of arrival and age) in Australian census data in 2006, 2011 and 2016.Both the absolute number and proportion of Australian residents with LTBI increased from 4.6% (interquartile range (IQR) 4.2–5.2%) in 2006 to 5.1% (IQR 4.7–5.5%) in 2016, due to the increasing proportion of the population born overseas (23.8% in 2006 to 28.3% in 2016). Of all residents estimated to have LTBI in 2016; 93.2% were overseas born, 21.6% were aged <35 years and 34.4% had migrated to Australia since 2007.The overall prevalence of LTBI in Australia is low. Some residents, particularly migrants from high-incidence settings, may have considerably higher risk of LTBI, and these findings allow for tailored public health interventions to reduce the risk and impact of future TB disease.
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Doraisami, Anita. "Australia's boomerang foreign aid program: building bridges for Australian business." Asian Studies Review 18, no. 1 (July 1994): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03147539408712984.

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32

Chow, Eric P. F., and Christopher K. Fairley. "Assortative sexual mixing among heterosexuals in Australia: implications for herd protection in males from a female human papillomavirus vaccination program." Sexual Health 13, no. 4 (2016): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh15246.

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The aim was to investigate the assortative sexual mixing by country of birth among heterosexuals in Australia. An analysis of 1060 heterosexual couples who attended the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre between 2011 and 2014 was conducted. Of the 1060 couples, 27% (n = 281) were both Australian-born men and women, and 42% (n = 445) were both overseas-born. Of the 171 couples with women aged ≤21 years, 41% (n = 70) were both born in Australia and 33% (n = 56) were both born overseas. A strong assortative mixing pattern by country of birth was observed among all 1060 couples (r = 0.361; 95% CI: 0.320–0.403), and among 171 couples with women aged ≤21 years (r = 0.481; 95% CI: 0.379–0.584).
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Sarac, K., D. Day, and S. White. "What are we saving anyway? The results of three water demand management programs in NSW, Australia." Water Supply 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0029.

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The use of demand management programs to achieve permanent and reliable decreases in water consumption through retrofits of water using equipment is relatively new in Australia, and has been carried out on the basis of models which predict savings, and on results of demand management programs undertaken overseas. The availability of information on actual savings achieved by demand management programs in Australia is extremely limited. This paper outlines the results of the evaluation of three retrofit programs undertaken in NSW, two of which involved a visit by a plumber to households to carry out a retrofit of indoor water using equipment at a subsidised price; the other taking a “hands-off” approach and relying on a discount incentive mechanism to increase the market share of water efficient showerheads.
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Barton, Chris. "Worker protection in the Migration Act and Regulations: illusion or reality in the offshore oil and gas industry?" APPEA Journal 53, no. 2 (2013): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12076.

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Reforms to the Migration Act and Regulations in 2008 were designed to prevent the subclass 457 visa program from being used to exploit migrant workers and undercut Australian conditions. Stakeholder consultation, market-rate requirements, and ongoing compliance obligations extending to workplace and occupational health and safety laws were intended to restore confidence in the integrity of the temporary skilled migration scheme. The application of Australia’s migration laws to the offshore oil and gas industry is complicated by issues surrounding the definition of the migration zone and confusion about the circumstances in which employees may or may not require a visa to work. The recent Federal Court decision in Allseas Construction SA and the Minister for Immigration and Citizenship found that overseas employees working on vessels engaged in laying gas field pipelines are not working in the Australian migration zone and therefore are not required to have working visas. Recent changes to the employer sanctions regime were intended to discourage employers from breaching the rules and encourage strict compliance. Some overseas workers, however, are excluded altogether from regulation under the Migration Act and Regulations, even though the skills shortages in the resources sector have created strong demand for overseas workers. Unions and others have, therefore, expressed renewed concerns about the potential for overseas workers to be exposed to underpayment, abuse, and substandard working conditions.
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Jones, Kay, and Leon Piterman. "The Effectiveness of the Breakthrough Series Methodology." Australian Journal of Primary Health 14, no. 1 (2008): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py08008.

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In the context of substantial government expenditure on Primary Care Collaboratives in Australia, this study aimed to review the information available about the effectiveness of the Breakthrough Series methodology as an alternative quality improvement method and a form of continuing professional development for general practitioners (GPs) in Australia. A wide and comprehensive search was conducted seeking articles that provided information about four questions raised by GPs involved in the Monash Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Quality Improvement Program (AMQuIP) project: (1) follow-up studies (2) the generalisability, sustainability and validity of the methodology (3) randomised controlled trials using the methodology, and (4) continuing professional development programs. The search was conducted using several databases. The search found 102 articles, with 31 containing information relevant to the questions raised. Three articles reported and eight commented on follow-up; 25 commented on generalisability, 15 on sustainability, five on validity. No randomised controlled trials were located that used the methodology but seven commented on randomised controlled trials; three commented on continuing professional development. While the articles provide valuable information, many authors suggested further research is needed to provide greater insight into and understanding of the methodology as an alternative quality improvement method for use both in Australia and overseas.
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Jaric, Ljubica. "Contemporary skill migration in Australia." Stanovnistvo 39, no. 1-4 (2001): 157–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv0104157j.

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Immigration has always been a key of the Australian social and economic development. Australia administers separate Migration and Humanitarian Programs. The Migration Program has two streams: Family and Skill. The smaller Special Eligibility stream includes groups such as former Australian citizens and former residents who have maintained ties with Australia. The Skill stream of Australia's Migration Program is specifically designed to target migrants who have skills or outstanding abilities that will contribute to the Australian economy. The migration to Australia of people with qualifications and relevant work experience can help to address skill shortages in Australia and enhance the size, skill level and productivity of the Australian labour force. Skilled migrants were mainly employed in managerial, administrative, professional or paraprofessional occupations or as traders. Permanent movement represents the major element of net overseas migration. Australia has experienced not only permanent influx of skilled but longterm movement as an affect of globalisation of business, the creation of international labour and education markets and cheaper travel. The level of longterm movements is strongly influenced by both domestic and international conditions of development, particularly economic conditions. More Australians are going overseas to work and study and foreigners are coming to Australia in larger numbers for the same reasons. Skill migration in FRY is mostly correlated with the economic situation in the country. Skill stream from FRY to Australia has been significantly increased since 1990. In the Australian official statistics separate data for the FRY has been available since July 1998. Prior to July 1998. FRY component was substantial proportion of total Former Yugoslav Republics. Estimated Serbian skill stream is around 4500 people.
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Dyer, AG. "Reflection of Near-Ultraviolet Radiation From Flowers of Australian Native Plants." Australian Journal of Botany 44, no. 4 (1996): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9960473.

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Eighty-six species of Australian native plants were assessed in the near-ultraviolet (UV-A) (320-400 nm) and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Relationships between flower colour, size, symmetry and UV-A reflection were examined. The frequency of species in this sample that reflected UV-A radiation was found to be consistent with major overseas studies. A quantitative photographic study of the spectral reflection from the yellow flower of Hibbertia obtusifolia DC. (Dilleniaceae) was conducted for radiation with wavelengths of 280-800 nm. How an insect with UV-A-, blue- and green-sensitive photoreceptors might see H. obtusifolia as a two-coloured flower, and how this could aid a floral visitor's orientation is discussed.
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38

Furuya, Kenichi. "High-Level Manpower Movement and Japan's Foreign Aid." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 1, no. 3-4 (September 1992): 585–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689200100309.

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High-level manpower migration associated with Japan's foreign aid program as well as private overseas investments confirms Japan's steady progress towards internationalization. Although the human resources component of Japan's international aid is disproportionately small because of its shorter history in development aid and scarcity of experts, Japan's ODA relative to GNP is high. Japan's technical assistance programs to Asian countries are summarized. Movements of high-level manpower accompanying direct foreign investments by private enterprise are also reviewed. Proposals for increased human resources development include education and training of foreigners in Japan as well as the training of Japanese aid experts and the development of networks for information exchange.
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Howe, Joanna. "Is the Net Cast Too Wide? An Assessment of Whether the Regulatory Design of the 457 Visa Meets Australia's Skill Needs." Federal Law Review 41, no. 3 (September 2013): 443–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22145/flr.41.3.3.

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With increasing use of skilled temporary migration by employers and its significant influence upon Australia's permanent migration intake, the 457 visa has far-reaching implications — both for the domestic labour market and for the long-term composition of the Australian population. The scheme was introduced in 1996 to facilitate the temporary migration of skilled overseas workers to alleviate domestic skill shortages. Predicated upon a premise of business demand, the scheme allows employers to sponsor overseas workers whose occupations are on the Consolidated Sponsored Occupation List. Verification of whether the employer's attestation of a skill shortage is genuine is provided through employer-conducted labour market testing for certain occupations and the market salary rates requirement. This article questions whether these regulatory mechanisms are effective for ensuring the 457 visa program meets its objectives.
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Curley, Melissa, and Bethany Holt. "Beyond the criminal justice orthodoxy? Australia’s overseas aid program and compliance with the trafficking protocol." Australian Journal of Human Rights 20, no. 1 (March 2014): 129–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1323-238x.2014.11882143.

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41

Conway, Susan Lee, Patricia Ann O'Keefe, and Sue Louise Hrasky. "Legitimacy, accountability and impression management in NGOs: the Indian Ocean tsunami." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 28, no. 7 (September 21, 2015): 1075–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-04-2012-01007.

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Purpose – Prior research has investigated legitimation strategies in corporate annual reports in the for-profit sector. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this phenomenon in an NGO environment. It investigates Australian overseas aid agencies’ responses to criticism of the relief effort following the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. It aims to determine whether voluntary annual report disclosures were reflective of impression management and/or of the discharge of functional accountability. Design/methodology/approach – The paper applies content analysis to compare the structure and content of the annual reports of 19 Australian overseas aid agencies before and after the Indian Ocean tsunami. Findings – Results suggest voluntary disclosure in annual reports significantly increased post-tsunami and was more consistent with impression management activity rather than functional accountability suggesting a response to the legitimacy challenge. The use of impression management tactics differed with agency size, with larger agencies using ingratiation in order to appear more attractive while smaller ones promoted their particular achievements. Originality/value – This paper makes a contribution by extending prior impression management and legitimacy literature to an NGO environment. It has implications for the development of these theories as it looks at organisations where the stakeholders are different from the for-profit sector and profits are not the main concern. It raises issues about the concept of accountability in the NGO sector, and how the nature of organisation reporting is changing to address the challenges of a sector where access to funds is highly competitive.
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42

Pritchard, Tim. "Developing Aussie home-grown talent in an international market." APPEA Journal 49, no. 1 (2009): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08018.

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With the current skills shortage in the engineering profession and the need for more experienced engineers, it is important for Australian engineering companies to not only rely on importing skilled engineers from overseas to fulfil current day demands, but also to focus on developing young Australian engineers for the future. Aker Solutions Australia has implemented a training and development program for its employees by seconding them into the head office in Oslo, Norway for both technical and personal development. The program provides many positive outcomes for both the company and the employees including: knowledge transfer and alignment between the international offices, developing and improving the talent of Australian engineers, improving communications between the offices and providing the Oslo office with much needed resources. The program was initiated in 2006 and so far nine employees have been sent across the globe for training. In this time the employees have had the opportunity to work on new technological developments in gas processing, advanced concept development studies and large scale engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) projects. Working internationally has also provided Australian engineers with a chance to interact with a number of skilled people from diverse backgrounds, learn new languages and embrace different cultures. The program to date has had much success, with both clients and the Aker Solutions office in Norway requesting continuation of the Australian engineers’ services while one of the engineers—Jacqui Driver—won best paper at the 2007 APPEA conference for her work in Oslo on novel offshore LNG solutions.
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43

Albers, Bianca, Jessica Hateley-Browne, Thomas Steele, Vanessa Rose, Aron Shlonsky, and Robyn Mildon. "The Early Implementation of FFT-CW®, MST-Psychiatric®, and SafeCare® in Australia." Research on Social Work Practice 30, no. 6 (March 4, 2020): 658–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731520908326.

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Purpose: In 2017–2018, the state of Victoria, Australia, initiated the implementation of five family and parenting programs within family services. Three—SafeCare®, Functional Family Therapy-Child Welfare®, and Multisystemic Therapy-Psychiatric®—originated in the United States and were supported through overseas intermediary or purveyor organizations (IPOs). This study examines the challenges and barriers faced by service agencies and their staff during the initial implementation of these three research-supported interventions (RSIs). Method: Qualitative data collected among a purposive sample of implementers selected across provider agencies and IPOs were analyzed. Results: IPOs’ implementation specialists used a similarly composed sample of N = 31.2 implementation strategies. The early implementation stage was fragile and characterized by three distinct phases. Primary implementation challenges existed in the inner setting, intervention, and individual characteristics. Discussion: To balance the fragility of early implementation and sustain RSI implementation, it is important to immediately supplement overseas IPO support with strong local implementation capacities.
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Donovan, N. J., T. Khurshid, S. G. Falivene, and J. Bowes. "Improving citrus nursery production practices in Pakistan under an Australian aid program." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1128 (November 2016): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2016.1128.23.

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45

Hameiri, Shahar. "Risk management, neo-liberalism and the securitisation of the Australian aid program." Australian Journal of International Affairs 62, no. 3 (September 2008): 357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357710802286817.

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46

Duhs, L. A. "The Jackson Report and the Ongoing Aid Debate**A review article of the Committee to review the Overseas Aid Program [The Jackson Committee] (1984) Report of the Committee to Review the Overseas Aid Program, (AGPS. Canberra), pp. xii+276. Paper 519.30." Economic Analysis and Policy 17, no. 1 (March 1987): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0313-5926(87)50014-5.

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47

Radcliffe, John C. "Policy issues impacting on crop production in water-limiting environments." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 11 (2005): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05072.

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Policy issues have impacted on cropping since the earliest days of European colonial settlement. Following emigration to Australia, secure land titles were required, with the Torrens title system being progressively introduced from 1858. This provided the basis for landholders to be able to borrow to develop land. Closer settlement policies were adopted, underpinned by the development of transport infrastructure. The demand for education resulted in Agricultural Colleges in the colonies from the 1880s, with Departments of Agriculture soon afterwards. Federation of the colonies into the Commonwealth of Australia and the creation of the states resulted in a separation of powers, with the Commonwealth assuming responsibility for external powers including overseas marketing, import quarantine, health and quality standards of exports and credit and financial powers. Natural resource management matters and education were among those remaining with the states. Regular intergovernmental meetings were held to discuss research from 1927 and a broader range of agricultural issues from 1935. The Great Depression in the 1930s, poor commodity prices and serious land degradation led to government support for debt reconstruction and the introduction of soil conservation services. Realising the need for innovation to successfully compete on world markets, farmers, led by cereal growers, petitioned for the establishment of statutory research programs with joint grower/government funding from the 1950s. These have been remarkably successful, with the uptake of new technologies contributing to an average multifactor productivity growth of Australian grain farms by 3.3% per year between 1977–78 and 2001–02. With community and policy recognition of the need to conserve natural resources, the Commonwealth Government is playing an increasing role in this area. Farmers are required to meet standards for the use of agricultural chemicals and for occupational safety, welfare and environmental protection. The states have taken a conservative stand against the growing of genetically modified food crops in the name of protecting overseas markets. New water management regimes are coming into place with the separation of water titles from land. Market-based instruments are being introduced to encourage more sustainable production systems and saleable ecosystem services. Research and innovation along with complementary policy initiatives will continue to underpin farmers’ adaptive management skills to ensure dryland crop producers have sustainable production systems while remaining competitive in world markets.
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Selby, Susan, Nicole Moulding, Sheila Clark, Alison Jones, Annette Braunack-Mayer, and Justin Beilby. "Back Home: A Qualitative Study Exploring Re-Entering Cross-Cultural Missionary Aid Workers' Loss and Grief." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 59, no. 1 (August 2009): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.59.1.b.

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Over 200 Australian, American, and British Non-Government Organizations send aid workers overseas including missionaries. On re-entry, they may suffer psychological distress; however, there is little research about their psychosocial issues and management in the family practice setting. Research suggests loss and grief as a suitable paradigm for family practitioners dealing with psychosocial issues. The aim of this study was to explore loss and grief issues for adult Australian missionary cross-cultural aid workers during their re-entry adjustment. Mixed methods were used and this study reports the qualitative method: semi-structured interviews conducted with 15 participants. Results were analyzed using framework analysis. Themes of re-entry loss and grief were identified with sub-themes of multiple varied losses, mechanisms of loss, loss of control, common grief phenomena, disenfranchised grief, and reactivation of past grief. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed. Findings of this study suggest that loss and grief is an appropriate paradigm for the management of these workers in the family practice setting. Further research is needed to enable appropriate care.
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Brown, Thea, Rosemary Sheehan, Margarita Frederico, and Lesley Hewitt. "Child abuse in the context of parental separation and divorce: New reality and a new intervention model." Children Australia 27, no. 2 (2002): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200005058.

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Child abuse allegations in the context of parental separation and divorce have long been seen as merely weapons fashioned by angry and vindictive parents involved in separation and divorce wars. They have been disregarded on the basis that they were unlikely to be real.However recent research from Australia and overseas has shown that this picture is not true. Child abuse in this context is real and it is serious. Moreover the research has shown that the socio-legal system does not serve children caught in this situation at all well.The Magellan program, a world first experimental program to overcome the problems for these children and their families as they progress through the socio-legal system, was introduced by a consortium of agencies in Victoria recently. This article reports on the program and its outcomes, and considers implications of some of the components of the new program for the various professionals working with this issue.
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Day, Benjamin, and Tamas Wells. "What parliamentarians think about Australia's post‐COVID‐19 aid program: The emerging ‘cautious consensus’ in Australian aid." Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies 8, no. 3 (September 2021): 384–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app5.338.

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