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1
Kondratiev, V. B. "Australian Mining Industry: Positions and Perspectives." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 1/2022 (March 15, 2022): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1-91-102.
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Australia has a world-leading mining industry as a producer for some 16 commodities including gold, bauxite, iron ore, rare earths, zinc, nickel and coal. In 2021, Australia’s mineral exports (excluding petroleum products) amounted to $200 billion which was 58% of all good’s export and 46% of all exported goods and services. In 2021, mining accounted for more than 10% of gross national product. In addition, the mining industry employed some 240 000 people, with many more employed by related industries. Australia is richly endowed with many minerals, that are regarded as critical, or strategic, minerals by many trading partners. Growing markets for these commodities, particularly for those associated with emerging technologies such as battery storage, renewable energy and electric vehicles have stimulated exploration and resource delineation in Australia in recent years
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Satchwell, Ian. "Australian Minerals Industry Code for Environmental Management." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 4, no. 1 (January 1997): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.1997.10648367.
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Reid, K. "Alan Forrest Reid 1931–2013." Historical Records of Australian Science 27, no. 2 (2016): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr15011.
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Dr Alan Reid is remembered as the founding father of automated mineralogy. He achieved international recognition as a research scientist, and was also a visionary leader within CSIRO, Australia's largest scientific organization. Reid contributed a distinguished body of basic research to solid state chemistry, publishing on organometallics, thermodynamics, crystal structures, high pressure minerals and mineral processing. He went on to lead development of processes that greatly benefited industry. These included the solar absorber surface AMCRO, and the QEM*SEM analysis that automatically characterized mineral assemblages. As an Institute Director at CSIRO he made important contributions to the structure and business processes of the organization, during a period of upheaval unprecedented in its history. It was Reid's leadership and perseverance that led to the establishment of the Queensland Centre for Advanced Technologies, the Australian Resources Research Centre in Western Australia, and major redevelopment of the CSIRO site at North Ryde in NSW. A master of broad collaboration with researchers, academics, companies and government agencies, when he retired from CSIRO Reid further benefited Australian science as a consultant to government and industry. The mineral reidite, a high pressure phase of ZrSiO4, is named after this tireless polymath.
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Bell, L. Clive. "ADDRESSING ACID DRAINAGE IN THE AUSTRALIAN MINERALS INDUSTRY." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 2006, no. 2 (June 30, 2006): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr06020090.
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Hartwell, John. "2009 Release of offshore petroleum exploration acreage." APPEA Journal 49, no. 1 (2009): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08030.
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John Hartwell is Head of the Resources Division in the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, Canberra Australia. The Resources Division provides advice to the Australian Government on policy issues, legislative changes and administrative matters related to the petroleum industry, upstream and downstream and the coal and minerals industries. In addition to his divisional responsibilities, he is the Australian Commissioner for the Australia/East Timor Joint Petroleum Development Area and Chairman of the National Oil and Gas Safety Advisory Committee. He also chairs two of the taskforces, Clean Fossil Energy and Aluminium, under the Asia Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate (AP6). He serves on two industry and government leadership groups delivering reports to the Australian Government, strategies for the oil and gas industry and framework for the uranium industry. More recently he led a team charged with responsibility for taking forward the Australian Government’s proposal to establish a global carbon capture and storage institute. He is involved in the implementation of a range of resource related initiatives under the Government’s Industry Action Agenda process, including mining and technology services, minerals exploration and light metals. Previously he served as Deputy Chairman of the Snowy Mountains Council and the Commonwealth representative to the Natural Gas Pipelines Advisory Committee. He has occupied a wide range of positions in the Australian Government dealing with trade, commodity, and energy and resource issues. He has worked in Treasury, the Department of Trade, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the Department of Primary Industries and Energy before the Department of Industry, Science and Resources. From 1992–96 he was a Minister Counsellor in the Australian Embassy, Washington, with responsibility for agriculture and resource issues and also served in the Australian High Commission, London (1981–84) as the Counsellor/senior trade relations officer. He holds a MComm in economics, and Honours in economics from the University of New South Wales, Australia. Prior to joining the Australian Government, worked as a bank economist. He was awarded a public service medal in 2005 for his work on resources issues for the Australian Government.
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Bartholomew, Iain. "The australian minerals industry-resources for the 21st century." RESOURCES PROCESSING 42, no. 1 (1995): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4144/rpsj1986.42.44.
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Cote, C. M., C. J. Moran, J. Cummings, and K. Ringwood. "Developing a water accounting framework for the australian minerals industry." Mining Technology 118, no. 3-4 (September 2009): 162–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328610x12682159814948.
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Cucuzza, J. "MULTI-CLIENT COLLABORATIVE R&D CONTRIBUTING TO NATIONAL PROSPERITY: A TALE OF TWO INDUSTRIES." APPEA Journal 38, no. 1 (1998): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj97053.
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The business landscape has undergone some significant changes over the last several years. Accompanying these changes has been an alignment of corporate R&D with business goals. This has resulted in significant downsizing of corporate research laboratories and the devolving responsibility for R&D matters to operating sites or business units. The downside of this is that the operations are now more than ever focussing on productivity, industrial relations and other essential short-term profitability-motivated issues. Consequently, the changing environment is creating cultures that value and reward short-term results. This short-termism has important implications to industry and the research community.One of the more successful and cost-effective mechanisms by which Australia can enhance its R&D base and consequent prosperity is through collaborative R&D. The Australian Minerals Industries Research Association (AMIRA), together with its oil and gas Division APIRA, has demonstrated over the years how effective this can be. AMIRA's raison d'etre is to assist the resource industries improve their technology position through collaborative R&D. It achieves this by working closely with researchers and industry to identify areas of common interest, develop research proposals, and seek financial support for these proposals from industry. Once a project commences, the Association administers the financial and reporting aspects, as well as monitoring progress, organising progress review meetings and assisting in technology transfer. AMIRA/APIRA has the track record, the systems and expertise to facilitate and manage collaborative R&D focussing on industry needs.The evolution of the Australian collaborative R&D environment in the oil and gas and minerals sectors has been significantly different. The oil and gas industry, particularly in exploration, does not have a history of strong collaborative R&D in Australia. The reasons for this are varied and can be found in the different corporate cultures between mineral and oil and gas companies.
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Cook, P. J., A. Rigg, and J. Bradshaw. "PUTTING IT BACKWHERE IT CAME FROM: IS GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL OF CARBON DIOXIDE AN OPTION FOR AUSTRALIA?" APPEA Journal 40, no. 1 (2000): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj99045.
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Liquefied natural gas projects with a total value of around $20 billion are planned for Australia. Over the next decade or so, they have the potential to generate an increase of approximately 3% in Australia's GDP, and an excess of 50,000 jobs. One of the major risks to this vast investment is uncertainty over how to deal with the major increase in direct carbon dioxide (C02) emissions that will result from these developments. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol has served to focus even more attention on this issue.Potentially, a solution to sustaining Australia's economic development, whilst at the same time meeting emission targets, may lie, in part, in developing suitable methodologies for C02 sequestration. One of the key sequestration options is geological disposal. The method, which involves injection of supercritical C02 into the deep subsurface, is being tested on a commercial scale in only one place in the world at the present time, although several other countries are now developing research programs into the technique.The APCRC research program GEODISC is investigating the applicability of this method in Australia. Whilst the focus of GEODISC is on the application of C02 disposal to the Australian natural gas industry, its outcomes will have implications for other industries such as power generation and minerals processing. It will also be looking at some of the other potential benefits of geological sequestration, such as enhanced oil recovery and enhanced coalbed methane recovery.The program will establish the most viable locations for C02 injection, determine the key areas of technical, social and economic risk, and help define a pilot injection program to address the most critical areas of uncertainty. GEODISC brings together six major petroleum companies, the Australian Greenhouse Office and key Australian research groups. The total cost of GEODISC will be approximately $10 million over four years. The major expected outcome of GEODISC will be to help the Australian gas industry plan the way ahead in terms of C02 emissions in an environmentally acceptable manner, whilst concurrently ensuring that the industry does not incur major cost disadvantages, which may adversely impact upon Australia's international competitiveness.
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van Beers, D., G. D. Corder, A. Bossilkov, and R. van Berkel. "Regional synergies in the Australian minerals industry: Case-studies and enabling tools." Minerals Engineering 20, no. 9 (August 2007): 830–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2007.04.001.
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Beers, Dick, Albena Bossilkov, Glen Corder, and Rene Berkel. "Industrial Symbiosis in the Australian Minerals Industry: The Cases of Kwinana and Gladstone." Journal of Industrial Ecology 11, no. 1 (October 9, 2008): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jiec.2007.1161.
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Galvin, J. M. "Occupational Health and Safety Acts – performance and prosecution in the Australian minerals industry." Mining Technology 114, no. 4 (December 2005): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/037178405x74086.
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Guerin, Turlough F. "A Survey of Sustainable Development Initiatives in the Australian Mining and Minerals Industry." Minerals & Energy - Raw Materials Report 20, no. 3-4 (January 2006): 11–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14041040500537129.
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McLellan, B. C. "Potential opportunities and impacts of a hydrogen economy for the Australian minerals industry." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34, no. 9 (May 2009): 3571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.008.
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Deegan, Craig, and Christopher Blomquist. "Stakeholder influence on corporate reporting: An exploration of the interaction between WWF-Australia and the Australian minerals industry." Accounting, Organizations and Society 31, no. 4-5 (July 2006): 343–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2005.04.001.
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Mudd, Gavin M. "The Legacy of Early Uranium Efforts in Australia, 1906 - 1945: From Radium Hill to the Atomic Bomb and Today." Historical Records of Australian Science 16, no. 2 (2005): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr05013.
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The existence of uranium minerals has been documented in Australia since the late nineteenth century, and uranium-bearing ores were discovered near Olary ('Radium Hill') and in the Gammon Ranges (Mount Painter) in north-eastern South Australia early in the twentieth century. This occurred shortly after the discovery of radioactivity and the isolation of radium, and a mining rush for radium quickly began. At Radium Hill, ore was mined and concentrated on site before being transported to Woolwich in Sydney, where the radium and uranium were extracted and refined. At Mount Painter, the richness of the ore allowed direct export overseas. The fledgling Australian radium industry encountered many difficulties, with the scale of operations generally much smaller than at overseas counterparts. Remoteness, difficulties in treating the ore, lack of reliable water supplies and labour shortages all characterized the various attempts at exploitation over a period of about 25 years to the early 1930s. Hope in the potential of the industry, however, was eternal. When the British were working with the Americans during the Second World War to develop the atomic bomb, they secretly requested Australia to undertake urgent and extensive studies into the potential supply of uranium. This led to no exports but it did lay the groundwork for Australia's post-war uranium industry that has dominated the nation's nuclear diplomacy ever since. Some three decades later, the modest quantity of radioactive waste remaining at Woolwich was rediscovered, creating a difficult urban radioactive waste dilemma. The history of both the pre-war radium–uranium industry and Australia's involvement in the war-time exploration work is reviewed, as well as the radioactive waste problems resulting from these efforts, which, despite their relatively small scale, persist and present challenges in more modern times.
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Solomon, Fiona. "External Verification of the Australian Minerals Industry Code for Environment Management: A Case Study." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 7, no. 2 (January 2000): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2000.10648489.
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Whitton, Maria M., Xipeng Ren, Sung J. Yu, Andrew D. Irving, Tieneke Trotter, Yadav S. Bajagai, and Dragana Stanley. "Sea Minerals Reduce Dysbiosis, Improve Pasture Productivity and Plant Morphometrics in Pasture Dieback Affected Soils." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 14873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214873.
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Pasture dieback (PD) is a grassland deteriorating syndrome resulting in grass loss and weed expansion in Australian pastures, with current estimates indicating that over four million hectares are affected. PD creates financial losses to the industry by reducing animal carrying capacity and producing poor-quality feed, resulting in diminished productivity. After more than a decade since PD first appeared in Australia, the causes and effective treatments are still unknown. Suggested causes include soil microbiota dysbiosis, pathogens, insects, climate change and overuse of chemical fertilisers. Sea minerals have been suggested as capable of improving plants’ yield, quality, taste, and nutritional value, but were never brought into conventional practice as an alternative to chemical fertilisers. Here, we investigated the capacity of sea minerals to improve grass health and yield of PD-affected soil. The replicate plots were treated with water or with 4 mL/m2 of commercially available sea mineral product to investigate the soil chemistry profile, plant morphometrics, pasture productivity, soil microbiota profile, and microbiota-nutrient interactions. Sea mineral application significantly increased total dry matter 20 weeks after a single application, translating to an additional 967 kg/ha; this benefit was still present at 498 kg/ha six months post a single application. Sea mineral application improved soil microbiota by boosting beneficial taxa while reducing genera associated with arid and toxic soils. Additionally, sea mineral application increased the number of grassroots up to six months post a single application. Our data suggest the benefits of sea mineral application to damaged, unproductive or exhausted soils could be further explored as a natural, affordable, and non-toxic alternative to chemical fertilisers.
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Crawford, D. "THE NEW ZEALAND PETROLEUM INDUSTRY'S EXPERIENCE UNDER THE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ACT." APPEA Journal 35, no. 1 (1995): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj94053.
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There has been recent interest shown by Australian State and Federal Ministers in New Zealand's Resource Management Act. 'What does this Act require of industry? where did it come from? what does it do and how much support does it have?', are the main questions asked by these Ministers. It appears that some Ministers in Australia may want to copy parts of the Act. The main thrusts of the legislation, its disadvantages and suggestions for improvements are discussed.The main points are summarised:Prior to 1991 the management and planning of resources and the environment within New Zealand was controlled by a myriad of Acts. In 1991 the Government repealed 54 pieces of legislation and replaced these with the Resource Management Act (RMA) and the Crown Minerals Act (CMA). These two pieces of legislation have had an enormous impact on petroleum exploration.Prior to 1991 the Town and Country Planning Act was the main Act responsible for providing guidance for planning processes with a focus of managing activities, whereas the focus of the RMA is the sustainable management of the effects of activities on natural and physical resources (land, water and air). The RMA provides that the harvesting of minerals is exempt from the sustainability requirement, but that the effects of exploration and mining activities on the environment are not.Industry is supportive of the approach that effects are to be managed, not the activities themselves, as it places all activities on a level playing field.There are some disadvantages of the RMA. If parts of the Act are to be copied by other countries, then it would be wise to avoid these.
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Price, G. P., and P. Stoker. "Australian Geodynamics Cooperative Research Centre's integrated research program delivers a new minerals exploration strategy for industry." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 49, no. 4 (August 1, 2002): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.2002.00947.x.
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Eglinton, Thomas, Jim Hinkley, Andrew Beath, and Mark Dell’Amico. "Potential Applications of Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies in the Australian Minerals Processing and Extractive Metallurgical Industry." JOM 65, no. 12 (September 21, 2013): 1710–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0707-z.
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Verwoert, Liesl. "Long-distance commuter workforce." APPEA Journal 53, no. 2 (2013): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12078.
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Australia’s resources industry has experienced record growth and a strong demand for labour during the past decade. Much of this demand is occurring in remote parts of Australia and is met by population growth of resident and non-resident long-distance-commuter (LDC) workers. LDC workers are defined as those who travel significant distances between where they usually live and work, and include fly-in/fly-out and drive-in/drive-out workers. While the LDC workforce is not new, the scale of this phenomenon and the shift in commuting patterns among this workforce to meet Australia’s evolving labour demands is unprecedented. KPMG have quantified the size and distribution of the LDC workforce by industry and region across Australia. This was part of a ground-breaking workforce mobility study commissioned by the Minerals Council of Australia (in conjunction with APPEA and Skills DMC). Findings from this study answer the following questions: To what extent has the size of the LDC workforce increased in the past five years up to 2011? How does the prevalence of long-distance commuting in the oil and gas industry compare with other industries? What are the top three resource regions that attract LDC workers and what do the commuter routes look like? This extended abstract contributes to our knowledge base about the geographic mobility of the Australian workforce. It reveals the LDC workforce facts and thereby helps guide industry and government policy to ensure the economic and social prosperity of Australia’s resource regions and their residents and workers.
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Roach, G. J., M. J. Millen, and T. S. Whitaker. "DUET MULTIPHASE FLOW METER." APPEA Journal 40, no. 1 (2000): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj99029.
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CSIRO Minerals has developed a Multiphase Flow Meter (MFM) for measuring oil, water and gas flow rates in offshore topside and sub-sea oil production pipelines. In 1997 Kvaerner Oilfield Products (KOP) signed an exclusive licence agreement with CSIRO Minerals for production and further development of the dual energy gamma-ray transmission (DUET) MFM. This new technology has the potential to save the oil industry many millions of dollars in capital, operating and maintenance costs. Essentially, the MFM consists of two specialised gamma-ray transmission gauges, pressure and temperature sensors, which are mounted on a pipe spool carrying the full flow of the well stream, and processing electronics. Measurements of the intensities of transmitted gamma rays are made to infer the proportions of oil, water and gas, and flow velocities are determined from cross-correlation of gamma-ray signals.Prototype MFM's have completed several Australian and overseas trials, including an extended four-year trial (1994–1998) on Esso's West Kingfish platform in Bass Strait and Texaco's test loop facility in Humble, Texas. During these and other trials the MFM has determined water cut to accuracies of 2–4%, and liquid and gas flow to accuracies of 5–10%, up to a gas volume fraction (G VF) of 95%. Full production versions of the MFM are presently under construction by KOP, and the first installation is due to take place early in 2000 at Texaco's Captain oilfield in the North Sea. CSIRO Minerals is presently consulting with the Australian oil industry to assess interest in the development of a wet gas MFM, capable of operating at GVF's in excess of 95%
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McAlpine, Sarlae R. B., Meredith L. Orr, Darren Ferdinando, and Stephen Hostetler. "Trusted environmental and geological information to support Australian energy resource development in a changing world." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S321—S326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21140.
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The Australian Government’s Trusted Environmental and Geological Information (TEGI) program is a scientific program led by Geoscience Australia. The program is part of the Government’s Strategic Basin Initiative under its Gas-fired Recovery agenda, implemented as a post-COVID19 response to stimulate the economy. This program will deliver regional geological and environmental assessments underpinned by transparent, trusted baseline geological and environmental data, commencing in the north Bowen and Galilee and the Cooper and Adavale Basins. This repository of information is to be used in support of bringing forward energy and mineral developments in basins identified by the Government as strategic. This paper discusses how coupling resource assessments with baseline information such as groundwater, geology, energy and mineral resources, surface water and protected environmental matters, can be used to support exploration and development decisions by industry, regulators and other stakeholders. For example, by establishing a regional baseline resource assessment, through prospectivity play mapping, environmental assessments can be prioritised to match resource prospectivity. In anticipating future development scenarios, potential impacts on environmental assets, including groundwater, can be assessed in advance and with key knowledge gaps identified for redress. This approach aims to optimise the regulatory pathway to resource development and increase regulatory efficiency as future development opportunities arise across the scope of petroleum, minerals, carbon capture and storage, and hydrogen storage and production. An example of Geoscience Australia’s work on the Adavale Basin is presented in this paper describing the first steps in linking energy resources and environmental assessments in a changing world.
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lodhia, Sumit. "Web based social and environmental communication in the Australian minerals industry: an application of media richness framework." Journal of Cleaner Production 25 (April 2012): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.11.040.
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Kumar, M. "Socio-cultural impediments to automation in Indian mines." E3S Web of Conferences 266 (2021): 05009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126605009.
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Mining is an age-old industry that has propelled human progress and development. Despite India‟s economic prowess and richness in minerals, its mines are plagued with inefficiency and lack modern technology. In countries with well-developed mining industries, automation has proven to be a beneficial technology. Incorporating modern technologies into Indian mines is a challenging task due to many factors unique to the country. This study establishes the benefits of automation by discussing the Australian mining industry. A clear insight into the socio-cultural challenges to be faced while modernizing the Indian mining industry, focusing on automation, is presented using an interpretive approach, relying mainly on qualitative data in existing texts. The study conveys the significance of these obstacles and proposes new government bodies and schemes to overcome them. Finally, further work on this less discussed topic is motivated by mentioning areas for future consideration.
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Sellers, Richard. "Australian States and Northern Territory acreage update at APPEA 2009." APPEA Journal 49, no. 1 (2009): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08033.
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Richard Sellers is the executive director of minerals and energy in the Northern Territory and has extensive experience with the management of natural resources and working specifically with business, regional and Indigenous groups on development programs. He has previously held roles as Executive Director—Fisheries and Director—Legal and Policy in the former Northern Territory Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries. This paper covers the annual presentation of exploration activity in onshore and coastal waters in Australia’s states and the Northern Territory. Included is a summary of upstream petroleum acreage opportunities for 2009 in the states and Northern Territory as well as geothermal energy exploration opportunities. While there have been increasing levels of exploration in recent years, there are large areas that remain under explored and the opportunity for future discoveries remains. State and the Northern Territory Governments have continued to undertake initiatives to attract and facilitate accelerated exploration and promote nationally and internationally these opportunities in frontier and production areas.
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Lim, Vuanghao, Sara Ghorbani Gorji, Venea Dara Daygon, and Melissa Fitzgerald. "Untargeted and Targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Australian Indigenous Fruits." Metabolites 10, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10030114.
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Selected Australian native fruits such as Davidson’s plum, finger lime and native pepperberry have been reported to demonstrate potent antioxidant activity. However, comprehensive metabolite profiling of these fruits is limited, therefore the compounds responsible are unknown, and further, the compounds of nutritional value in these native fruits are yet to be described. In this study, untargeted and targeted metabolomics were conducted using the three fruits, together with assays to determine their antioxidant activities. The results demonstrate that targeted free and hydrolysed protein amino acids exhibited high amounts of essential amino acids. Similarly, important minerals like potassium were detected in the fruit samples. In antioxidant activity, Davidson’s plum reported the highest activity in ferric reducing power (FRAP), finger lime in antioxidant capacity (ABTS), and native pepperberry in free radical scavenging (DPPH) and phosphomolybdenum assay. The compounds responsible for the antioxidant activity were tentatively identified using untargeted GC×GC-TOFMS and UHPLC-QqQ-TOF-MS/MS metabolomics. A clear discrimination into three clusters of fruits was observed using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The correlation study identified a number of compounds that provide the antioxidant activities. GC×GC-TOFMS detected potent aroma compounds of limonene, furfural, and 1-R-α-pinene. Based on the untargeted and targeted metabolomics, and antioxidant assays, the nutritional potential of these Australian bush fruits is considerable and supports these indigenous fruits in the nutraceutical industry as well as functional ingredients for the food industry, with such outcomes benefiting Indigenous Australian communities.
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Bobasa, Eshetu M., Michael Netzel, Stan Kubow, Mridusmita Chaliha, Anh Phan, and Yasmina Sultanbawa. "Kakadu Plum (Terminalia Ferdinandiana)—A Native Australian Fruit with Functional Properties." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036114.
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Abstract: Kakadu plum (KP), a native Australian fruit, is a rich source of vitamin C, minerals and phenolic compounds. A better understanding of the (phyto)chemical composition and biological properties of KP will facilitate the development of functional KP products for the food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetic industry. KP is usually harvested wild and hence, its composition and functional properties may vary considerably depending on the cultivar, maturity, environmental conditions as well as post-harvest treatment. The present study aimed to assess the levels of ascorbic acid (AA) and ellagic acid (EA), the main bioactive compounds in KP, in a commercially available freeze-dried KP powder. The functional properties of a polyphenol-enriched extract obtained from this product were also evaluated. AA and EA were quantified by UHPLC_PDA. The polyphenol-enriched extract was tested for in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, using the DPPH radical scavenging assay and agar well diffusion, respectively. Total AA content in the freeze-dried powder was 200 mg/g dry weight (DW) and total EA was 46.6 mg/g DW. The polyphenol-enriched extract had a high DPPH radical scavenging capacity and strong antimicrobial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Our findings demonstrate that AA and EA, the main bioactive compounds in KP, are retained at high levels in the freeze-dried KP fruit powder. Furthermore, the polyphenol-enriched KP extract has the potential to be used as a natural preservative in the food industry due to its strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
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Cottee, Richard. "PRODUCTION SHARING AGREEMENTS VERSUS THE ROYALTY REGIMES: WHERE IS THE BALANCE?" APPEA Journal 32, no. 1 (1992): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj91041.
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For many years the mining industry made its investment decisions safe in the knowledge that petroleum or minerals in the ground belonged to the State but upon severance of such petroleum from the ground the oil was vested in the miner. Commensurate with the ownership changing, a royalty was payable to the government at a fixed rate. With the enactment of the Petroleum (Australia-Indonesia Zone of Co-Operation) Act of 1990 (the 'Act'), serious consideration must now be given as to whether in the future this basic scheme may be dramatically and radically changed to a scheme based on a services contract whereby a certain percentage of the oil is paid in consideration of the miner 'managing the discovery and extraction of petroleum'.An increasing number of countries, including those such as Malaysia which have legal systems based on common law, have adopted petroleum sharing agreements as a basic method by which they 'encourage' petroleum exploitation. This paper:explores the major features of petroleum sharing agreements (which are now in use in the Timor Gap, Indonesia and Malaysia), and compares and contrasts those models with a regulatory scheme based on statutory leases with royalty payments (being the regulatory scheme used in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and elsewhere);reviews both the economic and legal consequences of the two regimes, assuming a constant Income Tax System.It concludes that whilst there are certain merits in both the royalty regulatory type regime and a production sharing regime it appears to the writer that on balance the royalty regulatory regime is much more beneficial to the industry than the alternate. This is particularly true given the fact that Australian governments generally should have sufficient confidence in their regulatory skills and Australian technology that it does not feel it necessary to be given a veto power for each and every decision made in respect of petroleum exploration or production.The major deficiencies of a production sharing arrangement are the fact that the risk taker does not obtain legal tide to the product until after it has either passed the point of tanker loading or been sold to some third party, and the concept of 'cost oil'. If the rates of government 'take' is so high that it is more profitable to obtain 'cost oil' for the company than to receive its 'share' under the production sharing agreement, then the petroleum industry as a whole will suffer gross inefficiency in that area.
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Phan, Anh Dao Thi, Mridusmita Chaliha, Hung Trieu Hong, Ujang Tinggi, Michael E. Netzel, and Yasmina Sultanbawa. "Nutritional Value and Antimicrobial Activity of Pittosporum angustifolium (Gumby Gumby), an Australian Indigenous Plant." Foods 9, no. 7 (July 6, 2020): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9070887.
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The indigenous endemic plant P. angustifolium has received attention for nutraceutical and therapeutic applications in Australia. This study investigates for the first time the nutritional value (macro- and micronutrients, minerals, trace elements, polyphenols, carotenoids, saponins and antioxidant capacity) and antimicrobial activity of different botanical parts of P. angustifolium, either collected from the wild or cultivated. Different botanical tissues, geographic location and growing condition (wild vs. cultivated) showed significant (p < 0.05) effects on the tested bioactive compounds, with the leaves having significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels than the stems. Saponins and polyphenols could be identified as the main bioactive compounds in the leaves with up to 4% per dry weight. The extracts of P. angustifolium leaves and stems showed strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, especially against Candida albicans. These activities correlated (R2 = 0.64–0.92; p < 0.05) with the levels of polyphenols and saponins, indicating their biologic potential. Findings from this study may provide information for future applications of P. angustifolium in the functional ingredient or nutraceutical industry.
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Batley, Ryan J., Joel B. Johnson, Janice S. Mani, Daniel A. Broszczak, and Mani Naiker. "Finding alternative uses for Australian rosella (." Animal Production Science 62, no. 6 (February 8, 2022): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an21475.
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Context Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a relatively new crop in Australia, with only a few commercial producers. The calyces are harvested for human consumption, with the seed pods often discarded as a waste byproduct. However, this material may have potential as a livestock feed supplement or as a value-added product in the food processing industry. Aims This study aimed to investigate the nutritional potential of rosella pods for use as a feed supplement, including an in vitro assessment of their digestibility in beef cattle. Methods Samples of rosella plants were separated into leaves, pods and calyces, then freeze-dried and ground. These products were measured in duplicate for their antioxidant capacity, as well as protein, metal, phenolic and anthocyanin content. Samples of the dried rosella pods (n = 3) underwent in vitro digestibility analysis using rumen/pepsin digestions and were compared with samples of commercial feedstock (n = 3). The resulting simulated gastrointestinal fluids from these digestions were tested for antioxidant capacity and phenolic content. Key results The highest antioxidant and phenolic contents of plant parts were observed in the pods (14 300 mg Trolox equivalents and 2960 mg gallic acid equivalents 100 g−1, respectively), highlighting their potential for human or animal nutrition. The pods also contained moderate to high levels of minerals including calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc. Although the in vitro dry matter digestibility was lower (P < 0.001) than that of a conventional grain feedstock, the rosella pod substrate released significantly higher (P = 0.02) levels of antioxidants upon digestion than the commercial feedstock. Conclusion Although rosella pod digestibility was lower than that of a conventional grain feedstock, it was comparable to mean values for Australian hays and silages. Given the higher levels of antioxidants released during digestion, rosella waste product has potential to be used in small amounts as a feed supplement, with the added benefit of enhancing free radical quenching ability. Implications This study provides evidence for further investigation of the use of rosella waste as an animal feed, which would improve sustainability in agriculture as well as potentially improve animal health.
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Wallwork, K., U. Kolitsch, A. Pring, and L. Nasdala. "Decrespignyite-(Y), a new copper yttrium rare earth carbonate chloride hydrate from Paratoo, South Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 66, no. 1 (February 2002): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461026610021.
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AbstractDecrespignyite-(Y) is a new copper yttrium rare earth carbonate chloride hydrate from the Paratoo copper mine, near Yunta, Olary district, South Australia. Decrespignyite-(Y) occurs as blue crusts, coatings and fillings in thin fissures on the slatey country rock. Individual pseudohexagonal platelets are typically 10–50 µm in maximum dimension and are often curved. Associated minerals include caysichite-(Y), donnayite-(Y), malachite and kamphaugite-(Y). Electron microprobe and CHN analyses gave: Y2O3 42.2; La2O3 0.1; Pr2O3 0.1; Nd2O3 1.3; Sm2O3 1.0; Gd2O3 4; Tb2O3 0.4; Dy2O3 3.7; Ho2O3 2.6; Er2O3 2.5; CaO 0.5; CuO 10.9; Cl 3.0; CO2 19.8; H2O 10.8, yielding an empirical formula of (Y3.08Gd0.22Dy0.16Ho0.11Er0.10Nd0.06Sm0.05Tb0.02La0.02Pr0.01Ca0.08)∑3.91Cu1.12(CO3)3.70-Cl0.7(OH)5.79·2.4H2O. The simplified formula is (Y,REE)4Cu(CO3)4Cl(OH)5·2H2O. The mineral is royal blue to turquoise-blue in colour, transparent, with a pearly to vitreous lustre and a pale blue streak. No cleavage was observed but the morphology suggests that cleavage would be on [010]. The Mohs' hardness is estimated to be 4. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder pattern are {dobs (Iobs) (hkl)} 22.79 (30) (010); 7.463 (30) (001); 7.086 (50) (011); 6.241 (100) (021); 4.216 (30) (l̄12); 3.530 (40) (022); 3.336 (30) (032); 2.143 (30) (222, 4̄01). The powder diffraction pattern was indexed on a monoclinic cell with a = 8.899(6), b = 22.77(2), c = 8.589(6)Å, β = 120.06(5)°, V = 1506.3(7) Å3 and Z = 4. The structure of the new mineral could not be determined but powder diffraction data indicate the space group is P2, Pm or P2/m. The measured density is 3.64(2) g/cm3 and the calculated density is 3.645 g/cm3. Decrespignyite-(Y) is biaxial negative with α = 1.604(4) and γ = 1.638(3) with β very close to γ pleochroism is medium strong; X very pale bluish, Y and Z bluish (with greenish tint). Decrespignyite-(Y) is a supergene mineral which precipitated from mildly basic carbonated ground waters. The mineral is named after Robert Champion de Crespigny, a prominent figure in the Australian mining industry and chancellor of the University of Adelaide.
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McFarland, J. D. "SHALE OIL—A NEW PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM." APPEA Journal 41, no. 1 (2001): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj00036.
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Australia’s oil shale deposits in Central Queensland represent an immense potential source of high quality hydrocarbons, with an estimated 30 billion barrels of insitu oil. Using new production technology, the low sulphur oil products produced from these oil shale deposits could significantly enhance Australia’s options in meeting future demands for cleaner transport fuels to improve air quality and in reducing dependence on oil imports.As such, the Stuart Oil Shale Project at Gladstone in Queensland is one of the most significant new developments in the Australasian oil and gas industry. The Stuart Project is a joint venture between Australian companies Southern Pacific Petroleum NL and Central Pacific Minerals NL (SPP/CPM), and Canada’s Suncor Energy Inc (Suncor). Construction of the $285 million Stuart Stage 1 technology demonstration plant was completed in 1999 and commissioning and production testing of this 4,500 b/d (715 m3/d) plant by Suncor, the project operator, has progressed throughout 2000.The Stuart Project incorporates the Alberta-Taciuk Processor (ATP), a new generation of oil shale retorting technology which was chosen following a A$150 million R&D program in the 1980s. Upon technical and operational success in Stage 1, the expected next step involves scaling up the ATP in Stage 2 to a commercial sized module producing about 15,000 b/d (2,350 m3/d). This could lead to a commercial scale operation at Stuart of at least 85,000 b/d (13,500 m3/d) within the decade.Success at Stuart creates a new production development paradigm for oil shale. This will have important implications for Australia in terms of job creation and economic activity, as well as providing a new source of indigenous oil supply to deliver clean transportation fuels for Australia’s future.
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Grguric, B. A., I. C. Madsen, and A. Pring. "Woodallite, a new chromium analogue of iowaite from the Mount Keith nickel deposit, Western Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 65, no. 3 (June 2001): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646101300119501.
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AbstractWoodallite is a new Cr-rich member of the hydrotalcite group from the large, low-grade Mount Keith nickel deposit, in the northeastern Goldfields district of Western Australia. Woodallite occurs as whorls and clusters of minute platelets up to 6 mm across in lizardite+brucite-altered dunite. Individual platelets are typically 10–100 µm in maximum dimension and are often curved. Associated minerals include chromite, lizardite, iowaite, pentlandite, magnetite, tochilinite and brucite. Electron microprobe analysis gave: Mg 25.90 wt.%; Cr 10.81; Fe 4.86; Al 0.68; Cl 9.89; S 0.03; Si 0.01; Ni 0.01; Na 0.01, yielding (after correction for loss of volatiles) an empirical formula of Mg6.19(Cr1.21Fe0.51Al0.15)∑1.87(OH)16[Cl1.62(CO3)0.17(SO4)0.01]·4H2O, by analogy with the hydrotalcite group. The simplified formula is Mg6Cr2(OH)16Cl2·4H2O. Combined thermogravimetric analysis and mass spectroscopy showed a two-stage weight loss of 12.7% and 27.3% occurring over the ranges 25–300°C and 300–660°C, respectively. The first weight loss is attributed to loss of interlayer water, chlorine-bearing species (e.g. HCl) and some CO2, the second to loss of hydroxide water, remaining CO2 and Cl species. The mineral is deep magenta to purple in colour, transparent, with a resinous to waxy lustre, and a perfect basal {0001} cleavage. Woodallite has a Mohs hardness of 1.5–2, and a pale-pink to white streak. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder pattern are [dobs (Iobs) (hkl)] 8.037 (100) (003); 4.021 (48) (006); 2.679 (1) (009); 2.624 (3) (012); 2.349 (5) (015); 2.007 (6) (0,0,12); 1.698 (2) (0,1,11); 1.524 (2) (21̄3). These lines were indexed on a hexagonal cell with a = 3.103(2), c = 24.111(24)Å, V = 201.14 Å3 and Z = 3/8. The new mineral is isostructural with the hydrotalcite group and has space group R3̄m. The measured density is 2.062 gm/cm3. Woodallite is uniaxial negative with ω = 1.555 and ε = 1.535 (white light); pleochroism is distinct from violet to pinkish lilac. Woodallite forms as a result of hydrothermal alteration of primary magmatic chromite by Clrich solutions at temperatures <320°C. Relict chromite fragments are frequently present in the whorls, and associated magnetite is altered extensively to iowaite. The mineral is named after Roy Woodall, eminent Australian industry geologist.
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Azadi, Mehdi, Mansour Edraki, Faezeh Farhang, and Jiwhan Ahn. "Opportunities for Mineral Carbonation in Australia’s Mining Industry." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (February 27, 2019): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051250.
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Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) via mineral carbonation is an effective method for long-term storage of carbon dioxide and combating climate change. Implemented at a large-scale, it provides a viable solution to harvesting and storing the modern crisis of GHGs emissions. To date, technological and economic barriers have inhibited broad-scale utilisation of mineral carbonation at industrial scales. This paper outlines the mineral carbonation process; discusses drivers and barriers of mineral carbonation deployment in Australian mining; and, finally, proposes a unique approach to commercially viable CCUS within the Australian mining industry by integrating mine waste management with mine site rehabilitation, and leveraging relationships with local coal-fired power station. This paper discusses using alkaline mine and coal-fired power station waste (fly ash, red mud, and ultramafic mine tailings, i.e., nickel, diamond, PGE (platinum group elements), and legacy asbestos mine tailings) as the feedstock for CCUS to produce environmentally benign materials, which can be used in mine reclamation. Geographical proximity of mining operations, mining waste storage facilities and coal-fired power stations in Australia are identified; and possible synergies between them are discussed. This paper demonstrates that large-scale alkaline waste production and mine site reclamation can become integrated to mechanise CCUS. Furthermore, financial liabilities associated with such waste management and site reclamation could overcome many of the current economic setbacks of retrofitting CCUS in the mining industry. An improved approach to commercially viable climate change mitigation strategies available to the mining industry is reviewed in this paper.
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Grollman, N. G. "ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR THE EAST ASIA/PACIFIC REGION: IMPLICATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR AUSTRALIAN OIL AND GAS EXPLORERS AND PRODUCERS." APPEA Journal 37, no. 1 (1997): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj96055.
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The oil and gas reserves of Australia and the East Asian region fall well short of the region's long-term requirements, even for a scenario that phases out all fossil fuels by the end of the 21st century. There is, therefore, no contradiction between vigorous exploration for oil and gas and the process of transition to renewable energy sources. However, to be an independent player in environmental policy-making, the Australian petroleum exploration industry should focus on its particular role within the energy sector as a whole, whose nature will change radically over the next several decades. This role will combine concerns over long term oil supply security with, in particular, the objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from oil and gas consumption to levels commensurate with Australia's international obligations. The role extends to Australian involvement in the region as a whole through the accrual of emissions credits from projects implemented jointly with developing countries. It also envisages that Australian explorers, especially those focussed on gas, will form alliances with downstream companies, power generators, appliance manufacturers and energy marketers as links in an integrated chain of operations with value added and emissions reduced at each stage. This re-orientation should lead the industry to question the extent to which its interests correspond with those of the coal and mineral industries, which do not face the same resource limitations.
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Dean, John, Garry Wall, and Kate Parker. "Australia's resource sector supply chain: prospects and policy." APPEA Journal 53, no. 2 (2013): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12045.
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This extended abstract identifies potential strengths in the resources sector supply chain, with particular reference to the oil and gas sector. It identifies areas of strength in the supply chain, particularly in fields such as geotechnical services, software, instrumentation, electrical engineering, project management, consultancy, and so on. It argues for a consistent policy approach across the many policy- and service-provision actors involved to maximise industry-development chances in the medium and long term. The economic benefits of the price, investment, and volume impacts of the present phase of mineral and resource development are well documented. They are expected to generate a continuing step increase in Australia's GDP, with benefits that will last for many years. Many actors are involved in shaping policy and providing research and other services across the commonwealth and state spheres. Relevant actors extend beyond government to agencies such as the CSIRO, the CRCs, industry associations, and research capabilities of universities and other institutions pertinent to the sector. The policy setting is complex, but there is an opportunity to build on and expand the industry and services base underpinning the resources-sector supply chain. In this regard, Australia can learn lessons from Norway where a deliberate policy strategy has helped established a vibrant offshore sector, admittedly in a considerably different institutional context. This extended abstract reviews the Norwegian experience against Australian developments and seeks to understand the role policy has played in this case. This experience is then transposed to the Australian situation.
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Smith, Christelle, and Elmar R. Venter. "Financial statement comparability in the extractive industry." Accounting Research Journal 33, no. 3 (May 28, 2020): 523–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-08-2019-0161.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate financial statement comparability in the extractive industry. This paper focuses on the extractive industry because International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) contain limited guidance on the accounting treatment for exploration and evaluation (E&E) costs and IFRS 6 – Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources allowed firms to continue with existing divergent accounting treatment of E&E costs. Design/methodology/approach The authors use data from Australia, a country that adopted IFRS in 2005 with a large extractive industry. They also compare changes in cross-country comparability around the IFRS adoption date between Australian firms and adopters relative to Australian firms and non-adopters to better isolate changes in comparability that are attributable to the adoption of IFRS from other sources that are not related to the adoption of IFRS. The authors measure comparability consistent with De Franco et al. (2011) where financial statements are comparable when two firms produce similar accounting amounts for similar economic events. Findings For non-extractive industry firms, the authors find the comparability of financial statements of Australian firms increased with other adopters and that this increase was relatively greater than the increase with non-adopter firms. This evidence is consistent with comparability benefits associated with the adoption of IFRS. However, for extractive industry firms, the authors do not find a significantly greater increase in the comparability of financial statements of Australian firms with adopters relative to the increase with non-adopters, suggesting that the increase is likely not associated with the adoption of IFRS. In additional analysis, they find that following IFRS adoption non-extractive Australian firms have greater within-country comparability relative to extractive Australian firms, while there was no difference in the pre-adoption period. Originality/value The evidence suggests that the divergent practices for E&E costs under IFRS 6 and the lack of an accounting standard that deals with matters relating to the extractive industry hinder the comparability of financial statements in this industry.
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Pignolet-Brandom, S., and K. J. Reid. "Quantitative evaluation of materials by scanning electron microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 674–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100105436.
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QEM*SEM, or quantitative evaluation of materials by scanning electron microscopy, is a fully automated scanning electron microscope system that was designed and engineered by CSIRO in Australia for applications to the minerals industry. It is an integrated system in which the computer and its associated hardware and software control SEM operations. Minerals can be identified in point, linear or area scans. Depending on the type of scan, information is extracted from the data files and summarized in tables and graphs covering mineral abudances, associations, sizes, free surface area and the degree of liberation. In addition, area scans can be replayed on a graphics monitor to produce QEM*SEM mineral species maps.The QEM*SEM system consists of an International Scientific Instruments SX-40 scanning electron microscope with a specially designed sample chamber that permits 100 mm movement of the stage. The EDS units were designed for rapid collection of x-ray spectra and consist of four lithium drifted silicon detectors each with a separate preamplifier.
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Friend, Michael A., Marie S. Bhanugopan, Shawn R. McGrath, Janelle Hocking Edwards, Serina Hancock, Kate Loudon, David Miller, et al. "Do calcium and magnesium deficiencies in reproducing ewes contribute to high lamb mortality?" Animal Production Science 60, no. 6 (2020): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17588.
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High lamb mortality continues to be a significant economic and welfare problem within the Australian sheep industry, with 20–30% of lambs born in commercial flocks dying mostly within 3 days of birth. Clinical hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia cause ewe mortality, and, subsequently, either fetal or lamb death, but it is not known whether subclinical deficiencies of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) compromise lamb survival. This review considers the potential mechanisms through which Ca and Mg deficiencies may influence lamb survival, and factors influencing the risk of deficiency. Pastures grazed by lambing ewes may be marginal in calcium (Ca; <4 g/kg DM) and magnesium (Mg; <0.9 g/kg DM) but also have a high dietary cation–anion difference (>12 meq/100 g DM) and high concentrations of potassium (K; >30 g/kg DM) and nitrogen. In young cereal crops, sodium concentrations are also often low (<0.9 g/kg DM). This combination of minerals and other nutrients creates an imbalance in supply and increases susceptibility to acute Ca (hypocalcaemia) and Mg (hypomagnesaemia) deficiency. Calcium is required for smooth muscle function and has a direct role in uterine contraction, so may influence the duration of parturition. Low Ca and Mg intake both influence insulin release and sensitivity, low Mg results in poor glycaemic control and insulin resistance by impairing both insulin secretion and its action on peripheral tissues, also potentially altering the duration of parturition as well as risk of metabolic disease. Magnesium is also a neuroprotectant that slows the neuronal damage during hypoxia and has been linked with thermogenesis in offspring and increased immunoglobulins in colostrum. These functions indicate potential importance in improving the ease of parturition and improved ability of the newborn lamb to thermoregulate and survive after birth. Subclinical Ca and Mg deficiencies commonly occur in 20% of lambing ewes grazing temperate pastures, so further studies are warranted to investigate whether correction of these deficiencies can improve lamb survival.
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Kalaitzidis, S. "National reporting codes for the mineral industry: The case of JORC in Australia." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 4 (December 21, 2016): 1628. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11004.
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A revised version of the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves commonly called the JORC Code was released in Australia in December 2012. This paper provides a summary of the principles that guide the Code, and the definitions therein, as well as the rationality behind adopting the Code as a Public Reporting tool. Brief examples of reporting requirements are also discussed. Additionally, references and a general comparison to the Pan-European Reserves & Resources Reporting Code (PERC standard) are presented. Although, in Greece there is no relevant Regulatory Framework in place yet or enforcement of any International Code, the adaptation of PERC is probably ahead, and hence this paper aims to open the discussion among geoscientists and mining engineers for the opportunities and the challenges that they will face.
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Brooks, Denis R. "RECLAMATION IN AUSTRALIA'S HEAVY MINERAL SANDS INDUSTRY." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1989, no. 1 (1989): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr89010010.
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Brooks, D. R. "Reclamation in Australia's heavy mineral sands industry." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1989, no. 1 (1989): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr89010011.
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Upstill, Garrett, and Peter Hall. "Innovation in the minerals industry: Australia in a global context." Resources Policy 31, no. 3 (September 2006): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2006.12.002.
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Bariatska, N. V. "The concept of critical minerals as a mean of stimulate the development of subsoil use in Ukraine." Мінеральні ресурси України, no. 2 (August 19, 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31996/mru.2020.2.13-18.
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Developed countries use a list of critical minerals to identify and stimulate priority areas for the mineral resource base development. The article provides an overview and main features of the terms “critical minerals”, “critical elements”, “critical commodities”, “critical materials”, “critical elements”. The criticality parameters (indicators) are supply risk and economic importance, production concentration, changing the size of the market and geological resources, market dynamics (changing prices). Various methods for assessment the criticality of minerals are analyzed in the article. Lists of critical minerals USA, Australia, EU, Canada are compared. The amount and names of critical minerals vary from region to region and may change over time. An analogue of “critical minerals” was “strategic minerals”, which existed in Ukrainian law until 2016. This term was inherited from the USSR and implies minerals, which are mainly used in the military industry. Following the example of developed countries, the legitimization and application of the concept and list of critical minerals can be a mechanism to stimulate the development of certain areas of geological exploration and mining. For this, it is necessary to determine the list of critical minerals, adapting the existing world advanced methods. Obviously, this requires special research, including marketing studies, but we can preliminarily assume which minerals will make the list and which are candidate minerals. Most likely, the list of critical minerals for Ukraine will differ significantly from the list of strategic minerals. Providing of such list in law would give certain advantages and preferences (in particular tax) to companies that perform geological exploration and mining of listed minerals in Ukraine.
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Maponga, Oliver, and Philip Maxwell. "The internationalisation of the Australian mineral industry in the 1990s." Resources Policy 26, no. 4 (December 2000): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4207(00)00032-5.
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Lérias, Joana R., Tanya Kilminster, Tim Scanlon, John Milton, Chris Oldham, Johan C. Greeff, Luísa L. Martins, Miguel P. Mourato, and André M. Almeida. "The fat-tail of Damara sheep: an assessment of mineral content as influenced by weight loss." Animal Production Science 56, no. 9 (2016): 1492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14852.
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Seasonal weight loss is the major constraint to animal production in the tropics. To counter seasonal weight loss, the use of breeds better adapted to it is of major importance. Damara sheep are an important breed in tropical animal production, as they are not only able to tolerate seasonal weight loss, but also have a characteristic fat-tail adipose tissue, often discarded, but that may be of interest to the food industry. The objective of this work is to determine the effect of weight loss on mineral profiles (zinc, manganese, iron, potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium) in the fat-tail of Damara sheep. The trial lasted 42 days and was conducted in Western Australia. Twenty-four Damara sheep lambs were randomly allocated to an underfed (growth rate –100 g/day) and a control group (growth rate 100 g/day). Upon slaughter, fat-tail adipose tissue was sampled and analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for mineral content. The results showed no significant differences regarding minerals concentrations/quantities, with the exception of zinc and calcium concentrations that were higher in the restricted group, likely as a consequence of feed restriction and a decrease in fat tissue amount. In conclusion, we have quantified for the first time several minerals in Damara sheep fat-tail and demonstrated that reducing their bodyweight does not affect mineral quantity in fat-tails of Damara sheep.
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Chowdu, Akshay, Peter Nesbitt, Andrea Brickey, and Alexandra M. Newman. "Operations Research in Underground Mine Planning: A Review." INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics 52, no. 2 (March 2022): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.2021.1087.
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At the time of this writing, the U.S. Geological Survey estimates that the average American-born human will need millions of pounds of fuels, minerals, and other extracted resources in his or her lifetime. Mining is a critical global industry, spanning all but one continent (Antarctica), with the highest-producing countries being China, the United States, Russia, Australia, and India. Increasingly, this demand is driving mining companies to explore and pursue deeper mineral deposits as near-surface deposits deplete. Correspondingly, there has been a significant rise in industry interest in applying operations research techniques to improve underground mine planning. Newman et al. [Newman AM, Rubio E, Caro R, Weintraub A, Eurek K (2010) A review of operations research in mine planning. Interfaces 40(3):222–245] present a review of such techniques, applied to both open pit and underground mining operations. We focus here on the advancements since that publication and concentrate on underground applications in metalliferous deposits, such as copper, iron, and gold.
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Morozow, O. "ACCESS TO LAND FOR EXPLORATION — THE ADOPTION OF MULTIPLE LAND USE PRINCIPLES IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 28, no. 1 (1988): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj87025.
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The continued access to land for exploration by the petroleum and mineral industries in Australia has been increasingly impeded by State and Commonwealth legislation aimed at dedicating Crown Land for single land uses.In September 1986, South Australia's Minister for Mines and Energy, Ron Payne, announced a Cabinet decision for 'a package of recommendations designed to foster multiple land-use concepts and to ensure that no land is alienated from exploration without careful consideration of the sub-surface mineral/petroleum potential, relevant economic factors and the existing and potential sub-surface rights'.In this one innovative and potentially far-reaching move, the South Australian Government has:provided a framework to reconcile conflicting interests;indicated a willingness to listen and act upon the expressed legitimate concerns of industries of vital economic importance to the State;made it necessary for the proponents of reserve areas such as National Parks to be more accountable and to provide balanced, scientific substantiation;indicated its intention to make legislative changes to allow for the adoption of multiple land-use principles; andredressed the imbalance where, in the words of the Minister, 'Legislation providing for Aboriginal land rights, the creation of national and conservation parks, and State Government heritage areas have, to varying degrees, created unforeseen consequences for the resources industry'.The first practical test of this new Government policy is the proposed declaration of the Innamincka Regional Reserve, currently a 14 000 sq km pastoral lease within some of the most productive areas of PELs 5 & 6 held jointly by Santos Ltd. and Delhi Petroleum Pty. Ltd.It is intended that this new form of reserve will allow for the protection of specific areas of environmental sensitivity and of cultural, scientific and historic value, while still allowing for the continuation of pastoral, tourist and petroleum exploration/ production activity within the major part of the reserve area.